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projectors with dual- and triple-blade shutters the flicker rate is multiplied two or three times higher than the number of film frames — each frame being flashed two or three times on screen. A three-blade shutter projecting a 16 fps film will slightly surpass Edison's figure, giving the audience 48 images per second. During the silent era projectors were commonly fitted with 3-bladed shutters. Since the introduction of sound with its 24 frame/sec standard speed 2-bladed shutters have become the norm for 35 mm cinema projectors, though three-bladed shutters have remained standard on 16 mm and 8 mm projectors, which are frequently used to project amateur footage shot at 16 or 18 frames/sec. A 35 mm film frame rate of 24 fps translates to a film speed of 456 millimetres (18.0 in) per second. One 1,000-foot (300 m) reel requires 11 minutes and 7 seconds to be projected at 24 fps, while a 16 fps projection of the same reel would take 16 minutes and 40 seconds, or 304 millimetres (12.0 in) per second.
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44:
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981:, an Edison employee, settled on the astonishingly fast 40 frames per second. Additionally, cameramen of the era insisted that their cranking technique was exactly 16 fps, but modern examination of the films shows this to be in error, and that they often cranked faster. Unless carefully shown at their intended speeds silent films can appear unnaturally fast or slow. However, some scenes were intentionally
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119:. Sometimes a person would even narrate the inter-title cards for the audience. Though at the time the technology to synchronize sound with the film did not exist, music was seen as an essential part of the viewing experience. "Silent film" is typically used as a historical term to describe an era of cinema prior to the invention of synchronized sound, but it also applies to such sound-era films as
2906:, among others, were included, as well as many newsreels. The titles were stored at the local library until 1929 when the flammable nitrate was used as landfill in a condemned swimming pool. Having spent 50 years under the permafrost of the Yukon, the reels turned out to be extremely well preserved. Owing to its dangerous chemical volatility, the historical find was moved by military transport to
335:
1089:. Additionally, experiments in color film started as early as in 1909, although it took a much longer time for color to be adopted by the industry and an effective process to be developed. Blue represented night scenes, yellow or amber meant day. Red represented fire and green represented a mysterious atmosphere. Similarly, toning of film (such as the common silent film generalization of
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to how fast particular reels or scenes should be projected. In rare instances, usually for larger productions, cue sheets produced specifically for the projectionist provided a detailed guide to presenting the film. Theaters also—to maximize profit—sometimes varied projection speeds depending on the time of day or popularity of a film, or to fit a film into a prescribed time slot.
2655:(GISFF) is an annual event focusing on image and atmosphere in cinema which takes place in a reputable university or academic environment every year and is a platform for showcasing and judging films from filmmakers who are active in this field. In 2018, film director Christopher Annino shot the now internationally award-winning feature silent film
2568:, known as Hollywood's first "Great Lover". After emergency surgery, Valentino loses his grip on reality and begins to see the recollection of his life in Hollywood from a perspective of a coma – as a silent film shown at a movie palace, the magical portal between life and eternity, between reality and illusion.
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technology. Traditional film colorization, all of which involved the use of dyes in some form, interfered with the high resolution required for built-in recorded sound, and were therefore abandoned. The innovative three-strip technicolor process introduced in the mid-1930s was costly and fraught with
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won best silent film at the Oniros Film
Festival. Set in a small New England town, the story centers on Oliver Henry III (played by Westerly native Geoff Blanchette), a small-time crook turned vaudeville theater owner. From humble beginnings in England, he immigrates to the US in search of happiness
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The coloring of moving picture films is a line of work which cannot be satisfactorily performed in the United States. In view of the enormous amount of labor involved which calls for individual hand painting of every one of sixteen pictures to the foot or 16,000 separate pictures for each 1,000 feet
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machine determined that any rate below 46 images per second "will strain the eye". and this holds true for projected images under normal cinema conditions also. The solution adopted for the
Kinetoscope was to run the film at over 40 frames/sec, but this was expensive for film. However, by using
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that audiences should experience silent film as a pure visual medium, undistracted by music. This belief may have been encouraged by the poor quality of the music tracks found on many silent film reprints of the time. Since around 1980, there has been a revival of interest in presenting silent films
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began in this period. Silent filmmakers pioneered the art form to the extent that virtually every style and genre of film-making of the 20th and 21st centuries has its artistic roots in the silent era. The silent era was also a pioneering one from a technical point of view. Three-point lighting, the
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territory of Canada, was once the end of the distribution line for many films. In 1978, a cache of more than 500 reels of nitrate film was discovered during the excavation of a vacant lot formerly the site of the Dawson
Amateur Athletic Association, which had started showing films at its recreation
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As film coloring has progressed much more rapidly in France than in any other country, all of our coloring is done for us by the best coloring establishment in Paris and we have found that we obtain better quality, cheaper prices and quicker deliveries, even in coloring
American made films, than if
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base film carried a risk of fire, as each frame was exposed for a longer time to the intense heat of the projection lamp; but there were other reasons to project a film at a greater pace. Often projectionists received general instructions from the distributors on the musical director's cue sheet as
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When organists or pianists used sheet music, they still might add improvisational flourishes to heighten the drama on screen. Even when special effects were not indicated in the score, if an organist was playing a theater organ capable of an unusual sound effect such as "galloping horses", it would
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in New York City. At this event, Edison set the precedent that all exhibitions should be accompanied by an orchestra. From the beginning, music was recognized as essential, contributing atmosphere, and giving the audience vital emotional cues. Musicians sometimes played on film sets during shooting
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The visual quality of silent movies—especially those produced in the 1920s—was often high, but there remains a widely held misconception that these films were primitive, or are barely watchable by modern standards. This misconception comes from the general public's unfamiliarity with the medium, as
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used in that era was extremely unstable and flammable. Additionally, many films were deliberately destroyed, because they had negligible remaining immediate financial value in that era. It has often been claimed that around 75 percent of silent films produced in the US have been lost, though these
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is offered for $ 120 ($ 4,069 USD today), while a colored version of the same 1000-foot, 15-minute film costs $ 270 ($ 9,156) including the extra $ 150 coloring charge, which amounted to 15 cents more per foot. Although the reasons for the cited extra charge were likely obvious to customers, the
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began to insist on naturalism in their films. By the mid-1920s many
American silent films had adopted a more naturalistic acting style, though not all actors and directors accepted naturalistic, low-key acting straight away; as late as 1927, films featuring expressionistic acting styles, such as
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According to Anton Kaes, a silent film scholar from the
University of California, Berkeley, American silent cinema began to see a shift in acting techniques between 1913 and 1921, influenced by techniques found in German silent film. This is mainly attributed to the influx of emigrants from the
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in film archives or private collections. Discovered and preserved versions may be editions made for the home rental market of the 1920s and 1930s that are discovered in estate sales, etc. The degradation of old film stock can be slowed through proper archiving, and films can be transferred to
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Contemporary music ensembles are helping to introduce classic silent films to a wider audience through a broad range of musical styles and approaches. Some performers create new compositions using traditional musical instruments, while others add electronic sounds, modern harmonies, rhythms,
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are still confronted by questions when they attempt to precisely reconstruct those that remain. Scores used in current reissues or screenings of silent films may be complete reconstructions of compositions, newly composed for the occasion, assembled from already existing music libraries, or
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which was used to shoot and distribute silent films, many motion pictures have irretrievably deteriorated or have been lost in accidents, including fires (because nitrate is highly flammable and can spontaneously combust when stored improperly). Examples of such incidents include the
2708:, film studios would often discard large numbers of silent films out of a desire to free up storage in their archives, assuming that they had lost the cultural relevance and economic value to justify the amount of space they occupied. Additionally, due to the fragile nature of the
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2704:, some 70 percent of American silent feature films fall into this category. There are numerous reasons for this number being so high. Some films have been lost unintentionally, but most silent films were destroyed on purpose. Between the end of the silent era and the rise of
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and Native
Americans galloped across Scott's movie ranch set, which had a frontier main street, a wide selection of stagecoaches and a 56-foot stockade. The island provided a serviceable stand-in for locations as varied as the Sahara desert and a British cricket pitch.
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Another widely held misconception is that silent films lacked color. In fact, color was far more prevalent in silent films than in the first few decades of sound films. By the early 1920s, 80 percent of movies could be seen in some sort of color, usually in the form of
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Comments by an
American distributor in a 1908 film-supply catalog further underscore France's continuing dominance in the field of hand-coloring films during the early silent era. The distributor offers for sale at varying prices "High-Class" motion pictures by
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conversions of silent films at grossly incorrect frame rates for broadcast television may have alienated viewers. Film speed is often a vexed issue among scholars and film buffs in the presentation of silents today, especially when it comes to DVD releases of
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Showings of silent films almost always featured live music starting with the first public projection of movies by the Lumière brothers on
December 28, 1895, in Paris. This was furthered in 1896 by the first motion-picture exhibition in the United States at
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distributor explains why his catalog's colored films command such significantly higher prices and require more time for delivery. His explanation also provides insight into the general state of film-coloring services in the United States by 1908:
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in 1877), and some early experiments had the projectionist manually adjusting the frame rate to fit the sound, but because of the technical challenges involved, the introduction of synchronized dialogue became practical only in the late
810:. Donald Sosin and his wife Joanna Seaton specialize in adding vocals to silent films, particularly where there is onscreen singing that benefits from hearing the actual song being performed. Films in this category include Griffith's
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At the height of the silent era, movies were the single largest source of employment for instrumental musicians, at least in the United States. However, the introduction of talkies, coupled with the roughly simultaneous onset of the
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As motion pictures gradually increased in running time, a replacement was needed for the in-house interpreter who would explain parts of the film to the audience. Because silent films had no synchronized sound for dialogue, onscreen
574:(1915), it became relatively common for the biggest-budgeted films to arrive at the exhibiting theater with original, specially composed scores. However, the first designated full-blown scores had in fact been composed in 1908, by
1114:, beginning in 1891, in which stage lights with colored gels turned her white flowing dresses and sleeves into artistic movement. Hand coloring was often used in the early "trick" and fantasy films of Europe, especially those by
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continued to perform and record his original silent film scores until shortly before his death in 2000; some of those scores are available on DVD reissues. Other purveyors of the traditional approach include organists such as
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With the development of sound-on-film technology and the industry's acceptance of it, tinting was abandoned altogether, because the dyes used in the tinting process interfered with the soundtracks present on film strips.
912:(active 1913–1930) was one of the most talented silent character actors of all time. His unique ability to transform into the most physically grotesque characters earned him the universal name, "Man of a Thousand Faces".
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All motion-picture film projectors require a moving shutter to block the light whilst the film is moving, otherwise the image is smeared in the direction of the movement. However this shutter causes the image to
1178:. Several of the longer, more prestigious films in the catalog are offered in both standard black-and-white "plain stock" as well as in "hand-painted" color. A plain-stock copy, for example, of the 1907 release
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has been called film's "first true actress" for her work in the period, as she pioneered new film performing techniques, recognizing the crucial differences between stage and screen acting. Directors such as
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well as from carelessness on the part of the industry. Most silent films are poorly preserved, leading to their deterioration, and well-preserved films are often played back at the wrong speed or suffer from
4726:-Only verified active festivals are included; please consult individual sites to see if the festivals are still active.- Women Film Pioneers Project, 'Silent Film Organizations, Festivals & Conferences'
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1093:-toning) with special solutions replaced the silver particles in the film stock with salts or dyes of various colors. A combination of tinting and toning could be used as an effect that could be striking.
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ranging from "train and boat whistles car horns and bird whistles; ... some could even simulate pistol shots, ringing phones, the sound of surf, horses' hooves, smashing pottery, thunder and rain".
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and fast cash. He becomes acquainted with people from all walks of life, from burlesque performers, mimes, hobos to classy flapper girls, as his fortunes rise and his life spins ever more out of control.
2498:. This film maintained a period-accurate filming style, and was received as both "the best HPL adaptation to date" and, referring to the decision to make it as a silent movie, "a brilliant conceit".
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in Paris, with teams of female artists adding layers of color to each frame by hand rather than using a more common (and less expensive) process of stenciling. A newly restored version of Méliès'
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and missing frames and scenes, giving the appearance of poor editing. Many silent films exist only in second- or third-generation copies, often made from already damaged and neglected film stock.
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itself, which included a cue sheet with the film. These sheets were often lengthy, with detailed notes about effects and moods to watch for. Starting with the mostly original score composed by
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for similar reasons. However, depending on the size of the exhibition site, musical accompaniment could drastically change in scale. Small-town and neighborhood movie theatres usually had a
99:
The term "silent film" is something of a misnomer, as these films were almost always accompanied by live sounds. During the silent era that existed from the mid-1890s to the late 1920s, a
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and dyed various shades and hues to signal a mood or represent a time of day. Hand tinting dates back to 1895 in the United States with Edison's release of selected hand-tinted prints of
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required their actors to deliver larger-than-life expressions for emphasis. As early as 1914, American viewers had begun to make known their preference for greater naturalness on screen.
338:
1110:, a young dancer from Broadway, is dressed in white veils that appear to change colors as she dances. This technique was designed to capture the effect of the live performances of
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The vast majority of the silent films produced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are considered lost. According to a
September 2013 report published by the United States
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Today, a large number of soloists, music ensembles, and orchestras perform traditional and contemporary scores for silent films internationally. The legendary theater organist
241:, which has a running time of just over two seconds, was filmed in 1888. It is believed to be the world's earliest surviving motion-picture film. The elderly lady in black is
2659:. The film pays homage to many of the characters from the 1920s, including Officer Keystone, played by David Blair; Enzio Marchello who portrays a Charlie Chaplin character.
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for the years between the beginning of film and 1928. The following list includes only films produced in the sound era with the specific artistic intention of being silent.
643:-narrated films often lacked intertitles, modern-day audiences may sometimes find it difficult to follow the plots without specialised subtitling or additional commentary.
2721:, both of which caused catastrophic losses of films. Many such films not completely destroyed survive only partially, or in badly damaged prints. Some lost films, such as
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The Silent Film Sound and Music Archive digitizes music and cue sheets written for silent films and makes them available for use by performers, scholars, and enthusiasts.
2255:(1975), an homage to silent-era films that uses intertitles and blends comedy, drama, and explicit sex scenes (which led to it being refused a cinema certificate by the
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then evolved to incorporate life-sized silent film sequences of Sobelle and Lyford who jump back and forth between live action and the silver screen. The animated film
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Until the standardization of the projection speed of 24 frames per second (fps) for sound films between 1926 and 1930, silent films were shot at variable speeds (or "
533:, which were designed to fill a gap between a simple piano soloist and a larger orchestra, had a wide range of special effects. Theatrical organs such as the famous "
2455:(1940), which is eight different animation sequences set to music, can be considered a silent film, with only one short scene involving dialogue. The espionage film
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with quality musical scores (either reworkings of period scores or cue sheets, or the composition of appropriate original scores). An early effort of this kind was
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2511:, plays as a silent film and is set in Hollywood during the silent era. It also includes segments of fictitious silent films starring its protagonists. It won the
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was an especially popular origin for many American silent film actors. The pervading presence of stage actors in film was the cause of this outburst from director
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as they were generally called at the time) "often were graphic elements themselves, featuring illustrations or abstract decorations that commented on the action".
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was the first studio to accept sound as an element in film production and utilize the Vitaphone, a sound-on-disc technology, to do so. The studio then released
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synchronised sound in the silent-movie era (accomplished by playing a gramophone while manually adjusting the projector's frame rate for lip synchronisation)
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By the beginning of the 1910s, with the onset of feature-length films, tinting was used as another mood setter, just as commonplace as music. The director
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could better understand what an actor was feeling and portraying on screen. Much silent film acting is apt to strike modern-day audiences as simplistic or
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Silent films became less vaudevillian in the mid-1910s, as the differences between stage and screen became apparent. Due to the work of directors such as
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1934:
Although attempts to create sync-sound motion pictures go back to the Edison lab in 1896, only from the early 1920s were the basic technologies such as
968:") anywhere from 12 to 40 fps, depending on the year and studio. "Standard silent film speed" is often said to be 16 fps as a result of the
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Interest in the scoring of silent films fell somewhat out of fashion during the 1960s and 1970s. There was a belief in many college film programs and
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shows, in which images from handpainted glass slides were projected onto a wall or screen. After the advent of photography in the 19th century, still
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408:" or "talkies" in the late 1920s. Some scholars claim that the artistic quality of cinema decreased for several years, during the early 1930s, until
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and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) or key lines of dialogue may, when necessary, be conveyed by the use of inter-
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and is a contributing factor in studios' migration to the West Coast. The Motion Picture Patents Co. and the General Film Co. were found guilty of
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system. Within a decade, the widespread production of silent films for popular entertainment had ceased, and the industry had moved fully into the
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1986:
films: silents with a subsection of sound film inserted. Thus the modern sound film era may be regarded as coming to dominance beginning in 1929.
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used a number of colors, including amber, blue, lavender, and a striking red tint for scenes such as the "burning of Atlanta" and the ride of the
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television series and movies have used the title character's non-talkative nature to create a similar style of humor. A lesser-known example is
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at the climax of the picture. Griffith later invented a color system in which colored lights flashed on areas of the screen to achieve a color.
158:. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is older than film (it was suggested almost immediately after Edison introduced the
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that played such music. With over 75 local chapters, the organization seeks to preserve and promote theater organs and music as an art form.
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in 1917: "The sooner the stage people who have come into pictures get out, the better for the pictures." In other cases, directors such as
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became a central element in Japanese film, as well as providing translation for foreign (mostly American) movies. The popularity of the
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were sometimes used. Narration of the showman was important in spectacular entertainment screenings and vital in the lecturing circuit.
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The following are American films from the silent film era that had earned the highest gross income as of 1932. The amounts given are
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improvisation, and sound design elements to enhance the viewing experience. Among the contemporary ensembles in this category are
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amplifiers and high-quality loudspeakers available. The next few years saw a race to design, implement, and market several rival
1709:
743:. Other contemporary pianists, such as Stephen Horne and Gabriel Thibaudeau, have often taken a more modern approach to scoring.
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displayed a constant interest and concern about color, and used tinting as a special effect in many of his films. His 1915 epic
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or compiled of classical or theatrical repertory music. Once full features became commonplace, however, music was compiled from
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3005:. It is the first and largest international film festival dedicated to the preservation, dispersion, and study of silent film.
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in an attempt to control the industry and shut out smaller producers. The "Edison Trust", as it was nicknamed, was made up of
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2291:(1999) is mostly silent; the small amount of dialog is an odd mix of European languages, increasing the film's universality.
870:, the "First Lady of the American Cinema", was a leading star in the silent era with one of the longest careers—1912 to 1987.
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Many early screening were plagued by flicker on the screen, when the stroboscopic interruptions between frames lay below the
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3966:, sales catalog of unspecified film distributor (United States, 1908), pp. , 191. Internet Archive. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
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444:. This was solved with the introduction of a three-bladed shutter (since 1902), causing two more interruptions per frame.
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https://wfpp.columbia.edu/silent-film-organizations-festivals-conferences/#FILM_FESTIVALS_CONFERENCES_SCREENING_RESOURCES
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1130:(Joan of Arc) provide early examples of hand-tinted films in which the color was a critical part of the scenography or
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were used to narrate story points, present key dialogue and sometimes even comment on the action for the audience. The
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in black and white, which captures the style of a silent film, using intertitles in place of spoken dialogue. Special
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537:" could simulate some orchestral sounds along with a number of percussion effects such as bass drums and cymbals, and
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956:, "including film directors, producers, cameramen, lighting and stage technicians, as well as actors and actresses".
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limitations, and color would not have the same prevalence in film as it did in the silents for nearly four decades.
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682:. A slightly re-edited and sped-up version of Brownlow's restoration was later distributed in the United States by
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1146:, originally released in 1902, shows an exuberant use of color designed to add texture and interest to the image.
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3846:(1998) that he and his generation were likely turned off to silent film because of incorrect TV broadcast speeds.
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890:. The melodramatic acting style was in some cases a habit actors transferred from their former stage experience.
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148:—a term created to retroactively distinguish something from later developments. Early sound films, starting with
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is a 2012 short film made in the style of two-reel silent melodramas and comedies. It was part of the exhibit,
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deals with the turmoil of silent filmmaking in Hollywood during the early 1910s, leading up to the release of
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719:, was controversial, the door had been opened for a new approach to the presentation of classic silent films.
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with titles in several different languages were produced for international distribution. In India, the film
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1982:, but silent films were still the majority of features released in both 1927 and 1928, along with so-called
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have written and compiled scores for numerous silent films; many of these have been featured in showings on
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2527:(2011) is not only done in the style of a silent film, but even toured with live orchestral accompaniment.
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has an opening silent sequence in the style of early silent comedies. Brazilian filmmaker Renato FalcĂŁo's
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to the late 1920s) was a particularly fruitful period, full of artistic innovation. The film movements of
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as a live action tribute to the silent screen era. Geoff Sobelle and Trey Lyford created and starred in
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With the lack of natural color processing available, films of the silent era were frequently dipped in
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Internationale Stummfilmtage (International Days of Silent Cinema), which is held every August in
948:, whose first American film was released in 1926, would become known for her naturalistic acting.
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as a silent motion picture viewer in 1893 and later "kinetophone" versions remained unsuccessful.
311:, furthered the development of motion picture cameras, projectors and transparent celluloid film.
179:, in which movies were accompanied by synchronized sound recordings of spoken dialogue, music and
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or have been released on DVD. Davis has composed new scores for classic silent dramas such as
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3104:
3099:
2451:
1768:
1330:. The company produced and released 1,086 films between 1910 and 1917, including the first
1304:
1256:
1159:
683:
5370:
Corne, Jonah (2011). "Gods and Nobodies: Extras, the October Jubilee, and Von Sternberg's
4787:
4522:
2235:(2003) is silent. Writer/director Michael Pleckaitis puts his own twist on the genre with
1059:
8:
7623:
7496:
7481:
7346:
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7184:
6880:
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2795:
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2701:
2553:
2508:
2494:
2278:
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2141:
2121:
2017:
1547:
1422:
1288:
1180:
1137:
1115:
799:
762:
590:
225:
127:
998:
412:, actors, and production staff adapted fully to the new "talkies" around the mid-1930s.
308:
111:—would play music to accompany the films. Pianists and organists would play either from
8027:
7947:
7871:
7757:
7747:
7649:
7541:
7521:
7421:
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7169:
7097:
7003:
6988:
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6560:
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6289:
5939:
5860:
5794:
5784:
5747:
5418:
5414:
5349:
5116:
5051:
4009:
3202:
3171:"Jehovah's Witnesses' adoption of digitally-mediated services during Covid-19 pandemic"
3030:
2622:
2604:
2472:
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2246:
2064:
2037:
1345:
1319:
1236:
1142:
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899:
639:
was one reason why silent films persisted well into the 1930s in Japan. Conversely, as
401:
285:
204:
4083:
2344:
Some films draw a direct contrast between the silent film era and the era of talkies.
1018:, and images with low rates of flicker are very unpleasant to watch. Early studies by
831:
609:
A number of countries devised other ways of bringing sound to silent films. The early
8126:
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7789:
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7593:
7566:
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5383:
5356:
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5292:
5270:
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5204:
5185:
5156:
5133:
5108:
5085:
5079:
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5055:
5037:
4691:"The Discovery, and Remarkable Recovery, of the King Tut's Tomb of Silent-Era Cinema"
4554:
4127:
4110:
3501:
3489:
3206:
2988:
2899:
2853:
2692:(1912), which featured survivors of the disaster. It is now among those considered a
2677:
2627:
2565:
2528:
2503:
2369:
2012:
1679:
1300:
1006:
985:
during shooting to accelerate the action—particularly for comedies and action films.
879:
561:
424:
289:
220:
7301:
5245:
4252:
3857:
2539:
is a 2012 Spanish black-and-white silent fantasy drama film written and directed by
2396:
905:
534:
191:
8161:
8097:
8087:
7997:
7925:
7908:
7903:
7824:
7752:
7618:
7613:
7603:
7598:
7546:
7486:
7456:
7411:
7274:
7174:
7087:
7050:
6755:
6703:
6629:
6570:
6483:
6279:
6272:
6162:
6035:
5887:
5872:
5836:
5821:
5754:
5725:
5705:
5614:
5542:
3192:
3182:
3002:
2974:
2865:
2446:
2401:
2268:
2177:
1833:
1752:
1375:
1327:
1268:
1036:
934:
930:
849:
803:
740:
610:
603:
397:
3187:
3170:
1132:
57:
8047:
7972:
7962:
7957:
7942:
7851:
7794:
7693:
7588:
7506:
7501:
7431:
7366:
7286:
7159:
7154:
7127:
7023:
6821:
6784:
6730:
6723:
6676:
6550:
6520:
6433:
6393:
6388:
6321:
6267:
6252:
6172:
6147:
6142:
6080:
5998:
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2557:
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2162:
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Several filmmakers have paid homage to the comedies of the silent era, including
2128:
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2049:
1974:
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704:
700:
687:
622:
553:
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269:
246:
150:
61:
7681:
4546:
2727:(1927), lost in the MGM fire, have been the subject of considerable interest by
2462:
2069:
456:
or even hand coloring, but also with fairly natural two-color processes such as
8032:
8002:
7982:
7844:
7829:
7774:
7732:
7571:
7526:
7516:
7491:
7446:
7436:
7214:
7194:
7164:
7149:
7107:
7072:
7030:
7018:
7013:
6806:
6777:
6666:
6651:
6595:
6450:
6408:
5919:
5735:
5626:
5344:
5232:
5016:
5004:
3945:. Technicolor Foundation for Cinema Heritage and Flicker Alley. pp. 18–19.
3762:
3089:
3001:
Le Giornate del cinema muto (Pordenone Silent Film Festival), held annually in
2959:
2941:
2728:
2709:
2561:
2379:
2355:
1963:
1908:
1780:
1582:
1491:
1474:
1264:
1210:
1103:
917:
756:
723:
665:
565:
384:
344:
277:
7888:
7686:
6978:
4372:"Another Silent Film to Come Out in 2011: "Silent Life" Moves up Release Date"
8145:
8007:
7987:
7536:
7476:
7461:
7351:
7296:
7291:
7264:
7234:
7199:
7040:
6993:
6983:
6946:
6914:
6904:
6895:
6865:
6735:
6671:
6612:
6607:
6545:
6510:
6455:
6413:
6383:
6373:
6366:
6182:
6130:
6100:
6085:
6040:
6025:
5944:
5811:
5764:
5730:
5690:
5658:
5631:
5507:
5482:
5387:
5284:
5160:
5112:
4558:
4165:
3008:
Mykkäelokuvafestivaalit (International Silent Film Festival, Forssa) held in
2995:
2645:
2467:
2406:
2351:
2332:
2287:
2227:
2222:
2116:
2076:
1943:
1939:
1855:
1626:
1570:
1396:
1276:
1252:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1019:
1001:, France. Such cameras had no audio recording devices built into the cameras.
875:
835:
807:
779:
775:
771:
660:
530:
465:
409:
368:
315:
297:
254:
242:
164:
104:
35:
7316:
4775:
3233:
2767:
2429:. Stage plays have drawn upon silent film styles and sources. Actor/writers
1437:(the distributor's share of the box-office) as opposed to exhibition gross.
817:
7878:
7861:
7814:
7664:
7608:
7139:
7134:
7065:
6941:
6885:
6836:
6811:
6799:
6530:
6262:
6257:
6194:
6157:
6135:
6125:
6003:
5934:
5914:
5816:
5774:
5680:
5663:
5546:
4739:
4318:
4313:
3839:
3065:
2895:
2887:
2824:
2760:
2540:
2535:
2519:
2434:
2426:
2416:
2308:
2207:
2192:
2182:
2172:
2104:
2005:
1969:
1434:
1220:
1074:
1064:
1054:
977:, but industry practice varied considerably; there was no actual standard.
925:
887:
867:
845:
821:
767:
712:
557:
538:
449:
364:
360:
273:
180:
133:
31:
4964:
8130:
8092:
8072:
8052:
8042:
8022:
7952:
7930:
7856:
7762:
7703:
7698:
7556:
7361:
7341:
7306:
7055:
6951:
6708:
6693:
6634:
6600:
6378:
6351:
6316:
6187:
6177:
6050:
6010:
5978:
5929:
5845:
5826:
5799:
5695:
5653:
5604:
5075:
4523:"Mystic & Noank Library Showing Silent Film Shot in Mystic, Westerly"
4392:
3136:
3051:
3023:
2879:
2870:
2682:
2564:, premiered in 2013. The film is based on the life of silent screen icon
2217:
2089:
2044:
1947:
1935:
1880:
1692:
1598:
1331:
1202:
of film very few American colorists will undertake the work at any price.
1111:
1023:
982:
945:
708:
656:
improvised on the spot in the manner of the silent-era theater musician.
499:
became a key professional in silent film and was often separate from the
477:
461:
457:
323:
121:
112:
5120:
4121:
4104:
3318:
3197:
3169:
Torres-Pruñonosa, Jose; Plaza-Navas, Miquel-Angel; Brown, Silas (2022).
2856:
of silent films has been a high priority for historians and archivists.
1307:. This company dominated the industry as both a vertical and horizontal
766:(1927). Israel has worked mainly in silent comedy, scoring the films of
359:
The art of motion pictures grew into full maturity in the "silent era" (
8082:
8062:
8012:
7992:
7977:
7967:
7883:
7834:
7644:
7451:
7391:
7209:
7102:
7045:
6973:
6931:
6762:
6580:
6565:
6535:
6493:
6462:
6152:
6015:
5779:
5720:
5700:
5590:
5551:
5289:
Nitrate Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the United States
5149:"Rescued from the Permafrost: The Dawson Collection of Motion Pictures"
4939:"Slapstick Festival Bristol | Silent Film & Visual Comedy Festival"
4862:
4477:"Silent Feature Film SILENT TIMES Is the First of Its Kind in 80 Years"
2903:
2891:
2705:
2633:
2292:
2202:
2197:
1979:
1532:
1504:
1167:
1090:
965:
909:
891:
732:
716:
679:
669:
652:
549:
545:
492:
419:
405:
319:
258:
223:'s 1878 cabinet card of running horse "Sallie Gardner" from the series
159:
155:
137:
which are accompanied by a music-only soundtrack in place of dialogue.
93:
64:, widely acclaimed as one of the most iconic actors of the silent era,
3887:
351:, which occurred on 9 February that year off the coast of present-day
318:
was keen to develop a film system that would be synchronised with his
7893:
7839:
7737:
7676:
7669:
7511:
7406:
7356:
7077:
6963:
6826:
6772:
6575:
6498:
6488:
6361:
6356:
5971:
5966:
5956:
5882:
5855:
5831:
5769:
5742:
5685:
5490:
Toles, George (2011). "Cocoon of Fire: Awakening to Love in Murnau's
4887:
3131:
3016:
2693:
2673:
2421:
2221:(2005) is silent during its middle third, complete with intertitles;
1955:
1951:
1312:
1248:
1244:
863:
806:, Mont Alto Motion Picture Orchestra, Minima and the Caspervek Trio,
736:
699:(1927) was released with a new rock music score by producer-composer
393:
265:
187:
176:
172:
108:
89:
6555:
2981:
2419:, was a black comedy entirely devoid of dialog. The Australian film
2295:
won awards for his homage to Soviet-era silent films with his short
920:, cinematography became less stage-like, and the development of the
631:, a live narrator who provided commentary and character voices. The
7779:
7441:
7336:
7122:
7112:
7060:
6750:
6209:
5961:
5638:
4751:
4139:
3141:
2589:
2272:, a low budget salute to sentimental silent comedies, particularly
2241:
1354:
1308:
1118:. Méliès began hand-tinting his work as early as 1897 and the 1899
1031:
921:
883:
618:
526:
389:
293:
145:
85:
5081:
The Speed of Sound: Hollywood and the Talkie Revolution, 1926–1930
3117:
List of silent films released on 8 mm or Super 8 mm film
1292:
1151:
8102:
7784:
7727:
6745:
5130:
Silent Movies: The Birth of Film and the Triumph of Movie Culture
4374:(Press release). Rudolph Valentino Productions. November 22, 2011
2621:, was released to positive reviews and was a box office success.
2411:
2392:
2322:
1386:
1348:'s Movie Ranch in South Beach, Staten Island. Actors costumed as
525:. Beginning in the mid-1910s, large city theaters tended to have
522:
464:. Traditional colorization processes ceased with the adoption of
352:
100:
3484:
and Theories of Memisis" in LĂşcia Nagib and CecĂlia Mello, eds.
3168:
2608:
is a 2013 short film that is an homage to silent film comedies.
404:
all became prevalent long before silent films were replaced by "
8057:
7254:
7179:
6831:
6767:
6740:
6403:
6216:
6070:
5201:
Music and the Silent Film: Contexts and Case Studies, 1895–1924
3692:
3690:
3009:
1414:
1373:
were filmed largely on the island. So was the 1906 blockbuster
1349:
703:. Although the contemporary score, which included pop songs by
627:
5556:
4547:"Library Reports on America's Endangered Silent-Film Heritage"
2531:
has been among those who have played live music for the film.
2350:
shows the disconnect between the two eras in the character of
646:
7742:
6875:
6853:
6846:
6646:
5308:
A New History of Japanese Cinema: A Century of Narrative Film
5269:. Conservation and Museology. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
4888:"Etusivu | Mykkäelokuvafestivaalit 21.8.-27.8.2023 Forssassa"
3228:
2874:
2317:(2000) is a highly fictionalized depiction of the filming of
5552:
Silents, Please!: Interesting Avenues in Silent Film History
4938:
4442:
3687:
651:
Few film scores survived intact from the silent period, and
303:
The work of other pioneering chronophotographers, including
292:
sequence in 1878. After others had animated his pictures in
30:"Silent movie" redirects here. For the Mel Brooks film, see
6794:
5587:
5184:(1st ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
4670:
4596:
3480:
Vlad Strukov, "A Journey through Time: Alexander Sokurov's
2461:(1952) has music and sound effects, but no dialogue, as do
510:
77:
4763:
3910:
3820:
2932:
There are annual silent film festivals around the globe.
1777:
1579:
1471:
195:
estimates are inaccurate due to a lack of numerical data.
4584:
4572:
4317:. Jacksonville, Florida. October 19, 2013. Archived from
2644:
pays homage to the music of silent films, as well as the
1082:
4553:(Press release). Library of Congress. December 4, 2013.
4501:"World Premiere of Silent Film at Mystic-Noank Library."
4413:"Will the Spirit of Burning Man Art Survive in Museums?"
3962:
Revised List of High-Class Original Motion Picture Films
3922:
3664:
1978:
in 1927, which marked the first commercially successful
3603:
3337:
2843:
Though most lost silent films will never be recovered,
3615:
1916:
1888:
1860:
1838:
1816:
1788:
1760:
1730:
1700:
1670:
1640:
1618:
1590:
1562:
1540:
1512:
1482:
686:, with a live orchestral score composed by his father
198:
5132:(1st ed.). New York: Little, Brown and Company.
2552:, which started in 2006 and features performances by
556:
by the pianist, organist, orchestra conductor or the
5237:
The Emergence of Cinema: The American Screen to 1907
4652:"A different sort of Klondike treasure – Yukon News"
3941:
Duvall, Gilles; Wemaere, Severine (March 27, 2012).
3456:"Faster than Sound: Color in the Age of Silent Film"
3420:"Double Think: The Cinema and Magic Lantern Culture"
3041:
1259:. In December 1908, Edison led the formation of the
598:
be used during scenes of dramatic horseback chases.
4912:
4708:
4634:
4632:
4170:"Lost in a Theatrical World of Slapstick and Magic"
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
1749:
1383:, and filming moved to the West Coast around 1912.
27:
Motion pictures without synchronized recorded sound
5441:"Note by Note, He Keeps the Silent-Film Era Alive"
5348:
5155:(8). Association of Canadian Archivists: 141–148.
4467:Globe International Silent Film Festival wikipedia
1719:
1707:
1659:
1607:
1247:(1907). Fox (1909) and Biograph (1906) started in
5291:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co.
3591:
3579:
3248:
3127:List of black-and-white films produced since 1966
2751:(1912), which featured survivors of the disaster;
1905:
8143:
5519:(2nd ed.). London: British Film Institute.
4995:Bromberg, Serge, Lang, Eric (directors) (2012).
4629:
3732:
3541:
3260:
2588:. The film was shown inside a miniature 12-seat
1677:
786:'s scores, in addition to composing new scores.
367:). The height of the silent era (from the early
249:; she died ten days after this scene was filmed.
4513:. Retrieved from Courant.com, January 23, 2019.
4404:
4279:"School of Film Spotlight Series: Sanguivorous"
3358:"Library of Congress: 75% of Silent Films Lost"
1989:For a listing of notable silent era films, see
1647:
1315:violation in October 1915, and were dissolved.
156:"talkies", "sound films", or "talking pictures"
5050:
4132:
4000:
3943:A Trip to the Moon in its Original 1902 Colors
3916:
3453:
2667:
2311:, narration and orchestra at select showings.
1877:
1689:
1459:
1387:Top-grossing silent films in the United States
1039:, such as the case of the 2002 restoration of
924:allowed for understated and realistic acting.
621:with singers performing behind the screen. In
5572:
5327:Lost Films: Important Movies That Disappeared
4965:"Willkommen beim Stummfilmfestival Karlsruhe"
4616:"Ben Model interview on Outsight Radio Hours"
3956:
3954:
3952:
3940:
3122:List of early sound feature films (1926–1929)
3085:African American women in the silent film era
2301:after which he made a feature-length silent,
1805:
1529:
1501:
746:Orchestral conductors such as Carl Davis and
625:, films had not only live music but also the
268:was well-known since the introduction of the
5465:Stevenson, Diane (2011). "Three Versions of
4994:
3928:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3519:"The History of Silent Movies and Subtitles"
3500:(London: British Film Institute, 1990), 14.
2637:, as well as many other silent short films.
1737:
1489:
1326:, in 1909 by American theatrical impresario
1136:; such precise tinting used the workshop of
992:
972:
5265:Read, Paul; Meyer, Mark-Paul, eds. (2000).
3978:"Getting a Close-Up of the Silent-Film Era"
2958:San Francisco Silent Film Festival, at the
2437:staged their Off-Broadway slapstick comedy
647:Score restorations from 1980 to the present
296:, Muybridge started lecturing with his own
154:in 1927, were variously referred to as the
5579:
5565:
5438:Mallozzi, Vincent M. (February 14, 2009).
4364:
4205:
3949:
3312:
3310:
2852:or to digital media for preservation. The
2734:Major silent films presumed lost include:
2335:honored the same film in his own version,
186:Most early motion pictures are considered
53:, one of the highest-grossing silent films
5464:
5264:
5243:
5060:. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
5015:
5003:
4776:http://www.torontosilentfilmfestival.com/
4689:Weschler, Lawrence (September 14, 2016).
4036:
3826:
3767:"Silent Films: What Was the Right Speed?"
3744:
3696:
3609:
3343:
3196:
3186:
2596:, created by Oakland, Ca. art collective
1303:, and dominated distribution through the
5437:
5343:
5324:
5305:
5217:
4913:"Home - Nederlands Silent Film Festival"
4740:https://www.romecapitol.com/capitolfest/
4688:
4676:
4602:
4590:
4578:
4410:
3880:
3855:
3842:describes in his director commentary on
3761:
3621:
3488:(NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 129–30.
3015:Nederlands Silent Film Festival held in
2681:
2653:Globe International Silent Film Festival
2546:The American feature-length silent film
2425:(2007), was a silent comedy directed by
1187:
1058:
987:
904:
862:
511:Live music and other sound accompaniment
503:who created the story. Inter-titles (or
476:
414:
333:
280:was hampered by long exposure times for
231:
214:
56:
42:
5413:
5036:(2nd ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.
4164:
4158:
4055:from the original on September 12, 2017
3307:
3291:
2486:H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society
1924:
14:
8144:
5231:
4259:from the original on December 11, 2013
4067:
3934:
3645:from the original on February 25, 2021
3559:
3529:from the original on February 25, 2019
3516:
3462:from the original on December 22, 2015
3399:from the original on February 24, 2018
3355:
3325:from the original on February 20, 2014
2578:No Spectators: The Art of Burning Man,
2445:(2004), which started as an homage to
1235:The early studios were located in the
581:The Assassination of the Duke of Guise
190:owing to their physical decay, as the
5560:
5489:
5452:from the original on January 11, 2015
5423:. New York: Oxford University Press.
5399:. Albany, New York: BearManor Media.
5394:
5369:
5283:
5203:. New York: Oxford University Press.
5198:
5179:
5167:from the original on October 20, 2014
5127:
5099:Kaes, Anton (1990). "Silent Cinema".
5074:
4714:
4449:from the original on October 29, 2013
4301:
4271:
4245:
3988:from the original on December 1, 2017
3868:from the original on October 11, 2018
3858:"Metropolis and the Frame Rate Issue"
3669:Silent Film Sound & Music Archive
3597:
3585:
3498:Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative
3279:
3254:
3029:Stummfilm Festival Karlsruhe held in
2969:Toronto Silent Film Festival, at the
1096:Some films were hand-tinted, such as
606:, was devastating to many musicians.
5514:
5239:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
5146:
5098:
5031:
4762:San Francisco Silent Film Festival,
4638:
4213:"Interview with Michel Hazanavicius"
3975:
3795:
3789:
3738:
3547:
3389:"How Do Silent Films Become 'Lost'?"
3368:from the original on August 21, 2017
3022:The Slapstick Film Festival held in
2947:Kansas Silent Film Festival, at the
2257:British Board of Film Classification
858:
735:, GĂĽnter Buchwald, Philip C. Carli,
253:Film projection mostly evolved from
4842:www.internationale-stummfilmtage.de
4539:
4346:Toronto International Film Festival
4339:
4146:from the original on March 12, 2014
3517:Foster, Diana (November 19, 2014).
3417:
3319:"Film History of the 1920s, Part 1"
2987:Hippodrome Silent Film Festival in
2859:
2580:a 2018–2019 exhibit curated by the
959:
548:for early silent films were either
529:or ensembles of musicians. Massive
199:Elements and beginnings (1833–1894)
50:The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
24:
7919:List of American independent films
5267:Restoration of Motion Picture Film
5084:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
4682:
4658:from the original on June 20, 2017
4445:. American Theater Organ Society.
4423:from the original on June 12, 2020
4411:Schaefer, Brian (March 23, 2018).
4194:On Screen: The Call of Cthulhu DVD
4080:San Francisco Silent Film Festival
4073:
3898:from the original on March 8, 2014
3773:. pp. 164–167. Archived from
3720:from the original on June 30, 2022
3675:from the original on June 17, 2016
3386:
2368:artists adjusting to the talkies.
1192:Price for a hand-colored print of
693:In 1984, an edited restoration of
486:(1920) used stylized inter-titles.
329:
25:
8188:
8157:Audiovisual introductions in 1894
5535:
4551:News from the Library of Congress
3635:"Silent Film Musicians Directory"
3486:Realism and the Audiovisual Media
3356:Harris, Paul (December 4, 2013).
3316:
3150:" – song about silent film stars)
2927:
2918:). A documentary about the find,
1367:and its even more popular sequel
245:, the mother-in-law of filmmaker
8125:
8116:
8115:
5054:; Current, Marcia Ewing (1997).
4752:http://www.kssilentfilmfest.org/
4255:. Film Smash. December 8, 2012.
4042:
3976:Kahn, Eve M. (August 15, 2013).
3058:
3044:
2507:(2011), written and directed by
2156:
1413:
1395:
1230:
5586:
5250:. New York: Thames and Hudson.
4987:
4957:
4931:
4905:
4880:
4855:
4830:
4805:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4644:
4608:
4516:
4493:
4470:
4461:
4435:
4386:
4333:
4285:. April 4, 2013. Archived from
4187:
4115:
4098:
3969:
3856:Erickson, Glenn (May 1, 2010).
3849:
3832:
3702:
3657:
3627:
3553:
3510:
3474:
3454:Jeremy Polacek (June 6, 2014).
3447:
3411:
2611:The 2015 British animated film
2586:Smithsonian American Art Museum
1239:. Edison Studios were first in
472:
322:, he eventually introduced the
107:—or even, in larger cities, an
84:(or more generally, no audible
5517:Silent Cinema: An Introduction
5329:. New York: Carol Publishing.
4971:(in German). February 26, 2018
4774:Toronto Silent Film Festival,
3560:Miller, Mary K. (April 2002).
3380:
3349:
3285:
3216:
3162:
2740:The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays
2729:film collectors and historians
2642:American Theatre Organ Society
2592:movie palace on wheels called
2513:Academy Award for Best Picture
2239:(2007). While not silent, the
2188:Les Vacances de Monsieur Hulot
1340:, released in 1914. The first
1261:Motion Picture Patents Company
874:Silent-film actors emphasized
264:The principle of stroboscopic
88:). Though silent films convey
13:
1:
5355:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
5199:Marks, Martin Miller (1997).
5057:Loie Fuller: Goddess of Light
4750:Kansas Silent Film Festival,
4536:. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
4499:Dunne, Susan (May 19, 2018).
4490:. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
4393:Silent life official web site
3294:"Lecturing without an Expert"
3188:10.1080/23311886.2022.2071034
3155:
2914:for storage (and transfer to
2354:, played by silent film star
1929:
1251:, with studios in St George,
1205:the work were done elsewhere.
1077:indicates a daylight setting.
979:William Kennedy Laury Dickson
944:, were still being released.
678:(1927), featuring a score by
300:animation projector in 1880.
65:
5515:Usai, Paolo Cherchi (2000).
5027:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
5011:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
4919:(in Dutch). October 24, 2022
4220:English press kit The Artist
3796:Card, James (October 1955).
2338:Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht
1439:
518:Koster and Bial's Music Hall
7:
5325:Thompson, Frank T. (1996).
5034:A History of Narrative Film
4999:(DVD). MKS/Steamboat Films.
4969:Stummfilmfestival Karlsruhe
4867:Le Giornate del Cinema Muto
4020:. Cinemaweb. Archived from
4013:. June 21, 1932. p. 1.
3844:Psycho: Collector's Edition
3387:S., Lea (January 5, 2015).
3080:Category:Silent film actors
3037:
2908:Library and Archives Canada
2668:Preservation and lost films
2307:(2006), incorporating live
2211:(1976). Taiwanese director
1710:The Hunchback of Notre Dame
1357:were shot on the plains of
1322:film studio was founded in
1255:. Other films were shot in
1243:(1892), they were moved to
1070:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
792:Un Drame Musical Instantané
483:The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
167:with the perfection of the
10:
8193:
7810:Classical Hollywood cinema
6999:Commedia sexy all'italiana
5907:Exploitation film template
5851:Commedia sexy all'italiana
4528:December 10, 2018, at the
4506:December 10, 2018, at the
4482:December 10, 2018, at the
4007:"Biggest Money Pictures".
3917:Current & Current 1997
3892:Internet Broadway Database
3148:At the Moving Picture Ball
2863:
2671:
2252:La fille du garde-barrière
1337:The Million Dollar Mystery
1099:Annabelle Serpentine Dance
1052:
1048:
442:critical flicker frequency
343:A one-minute 1904 film by
219:Animation of 11 frames of
211:History of film technology
208:
202:
29:
8111:
7714:
7632:
7377:German underground horror
7332:Documentary Film Movement
7240:American eccentric cinema
7225:
6471:
5597:
5306:Standish, Isolde (2006).
5244:Parkinson, David (1996).
4892:www.forssasilentmovie.com
4142:. Silent Laughter. 2004.
3523:Video Caption Corporation
3301:The Magic Lantern Gazette
2964:San Francisco, California
2878:center in 1903. Works by
2845:some have been discovered
2756:The Life of General Villa
2097:A Story of Floating Weeds
1894:
1866:
1844:
1822:
1794:
1766:
1736:
1706:
1676:
1646:
1624:
1596:
1568:
1546:
1518:
1488:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1281:George Kleine Productions
276:, but the development of
5224:Dawson City: Frozen Time
5182:American Film: A History
4997:The Extraordinary Voyage
4625:– via Archive.org.
4018:"Biggest Money Pictures"
3929:Bromberg & Lang 2012
3496:; and Thomas Elsaesser,
2924:, was released in 2016.
2921:Dawson City: Frozen Time
2836:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
2319:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
2266:directed and starred in
2152:, Vasili Zhuravlov, 1936
841:The Phantom of the Opera
617:(singing films), filmed
613:, for example, featured
586:Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
7312:Cinema of Transgression
6446:Cinema of Transgression
5351:Hollywood: The Pioneers
5310:. New York: Continuum.
5052:Current, Richard Nelson
5032:Cook, David A. (1990).
5025:The People on the Brook
4764:https://silentfilm.org/
4199:March 25, 2009, at the
3292:Dellman, Sarah (2016).
1946:sound formats, such as
1381:Edwin S. Porter Company
1359:Grasmere, Staten Island
1241:West Orange, New Jersey
668:'s 1980 restoration of
7397:Hollywood on the Tiber
5009:The Parade's Gone By..
4792:www.festival-aneres.fr
4398:March 8, 2014, at the
4283:University of the Arts
3804:: 5–56. Archived from
3435:Cite journal requires
3175:Cogent Social Sciences
3095:Laurel and Hardy films
2949:Kansas City Music Hall
2823:(1928), the only lost
2748:Saved from the Titanic
2697:
2689:Saved from the Titanic
2298:The Heart of the World
1370:The Exploits of Elaine
1324:New Rochelle, New York
1207:
1197:
1124:(Cinderella) and 1900
1078:
1002:
993:
973:
913:
871:
487:
429:
356:
349:Battle of Chemulpo Bay
282:photographic emulsions
250:
229:
171:and the advent of the
69:
54:
7387:Grupo Cine LiberaciĂłn
7327:Czechoslovak New Wave
7322:Commedia all'italiana
5669:Commedia all'italiana
5128:Kobel, Peter (2007).
4233:on September 14, 2011
4168:(February 23, 2005).
4049:Turner Classic Movies
3827:Read & Meyer 2000
3641:. February 10, 2016.
3075:Category:Silent films
2980:Festival d’Anères in
2953:Kansas City, Missouri
2812:London After Midnight
2773:animated feature film
2724:London After Midnight
2685:
2672:Further information:
2614:Shaun the Sheep Movie
2492:of Lovecraft's story
2385:The Birth of a Nation
2314:Shadow of the Vampire
2304:Brand Upon the Brain!
1992:List of years in film
1462:The Birth of a Nation
1405:The Birth of a Nation
1364:The Perils of Pauline
1216:The Birth of a Nation
1199:
1191:
1062:
1005:Slow projection of a
991:
908:
866:
813:Lady of the Pavements
782:has restored many of
752:Turner Classic Movies
731:and pianists such as
571:The Birth of a Nation
480:
418:
342:
238:Roundhay Garden Scene
235:
218:
169:Audion amplifier tube
80:without synchronized
60:
46:
8177:20th century in film
8172:19th century in film
7914:Guerrilla filmmaking
7577:Kitchen sink realism
7532:Praška filmska škola
7462:New French Extremity
7372:German Expressionist
7280:Kitchen sink realism
7145:Contemporary Western
6925:Environmental issues
6456:New French Extremity
6414:New French Extremity
6239:Softcore pornography
6234:Hardcore pornography
6101:New French Extremity
5420:American Silent Film
5180:Lewis, John (2008).
3888:"Annabelle Whitford"
3105:German Expressionism
3100:List of film formats
2936:Capitolfest, at the
2132:, YasujirĹŤ Ozu, 1935
2105:The Downfall of Osen
2100:, YasujirĹŤ Ozu, 1934
2080:, YasujirĹŤ Ozu, 1933
2060:, F. W. Murnau, 1931
1925:During the sound era
1769:Orphans of the Storm
1740:The Ten Commandments
1305:General Film Company
1257:Fort Lee, New Jersey
684:Francis Ford Coppola
381:German Expressionism
377:French Impressionism
288:managed to record a
47:A still from 1921's
34:. For the band, see
7650:Children and family
7624:Yugoslav Black Wave
7497:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
7382:Nigerian Golden Age
7347:European art cinema
7250:Australian New Wave
5547:Silent Film Archive
5415:Everson, William K.
5395:Davis, Lon (2008).
4863:"GCM HOME pre 2024"
4788:"Festival d'Anères"
4605:, pp. 186–200.
4321:on November 9, 2013
4086:on January 31, 2020
3798:"Silent Film Speed"
3777:on November 9, 2011
3699:, pp. 344–353.
2912:Library of Congress
2719:1937 Fox vault fire
2715:1965 MGM vault fire
2702:Library of Congress
2594:The Capitol Theater
2554:Isabella Rossellini
2509:Michel Hazanavicius
2495:The Call of Cthulhu
2490:silent film version
2380:D. W. Griffith
2361:Singin' in the Rain
2215:'s acclaimed drama
2142:Aleksandr Medvedkin
2122:Henri de la Falaise
2028:, H.P. Carver, 1930
2018:Aleksandr Dovzhenko
1781:D. W. Griffith
1583:D. W. Griffith
1475:D. W. Griffith
1245:the Bronx, New York
1211:D. W. Griffith
1138:Elisabeth Thuillier
1030:In the 1950s, many
800:Club Foot Orchestra
763:Flesh and the Devil
576:Camille Saint-Saëns
566:D. W. Griffith
373:Classical Hollywood
305:Étienne-Jules Marey
272:in 1833, a popular
226:The Horse in Motion
7948:Major film studios
7542:Pure Film Movement
7522:Polish Film School
7422:Italian neorealist
7402:Hong Kong New Wave
7004:Mexican sex comedy
6061:German underground
5496:Film International
5471:Film International
5446:The New York Times
5376:Film International
5147:Kula, Sam (1979).
4488:Broadway World.com
4486:(April 30, 2018).
4417:The New York Times
4352:on August 26, 2012
4289:on October 2, 2013
4174:The New York Times
4076:"The Silent Enemy"
4074:Schrom, Benjamin.
4045:"The Silent Enemy"
3982:The New York Times
3562:"It's a Wurlitzer"
3031:Karlsruhe, Germany
2827:nominee; only the
2710:nitrate film stock
2698:
2623:Aardman Animations
2473:Patrick Bokanowski
2321:'s classic silent
2233:Margarette's Feast
2065:I Was Born, But...
2038:Kenneth Macpherson
1237:New York City area
1198:
1143:A Trip to the Moon
1108:Annabelle Whitford
1079:
1003:
914:
900:John Griffith Wray
872:
488:
430:
402:continuity editing
357:
290:chronophotographic
286:Eadweard Muybridge
251:
230:
205:Precursors of film
70:
55:
8139:
8138:
8078:Socialist realist
7790:Behind-the-scenes
7567:Socialist realist
7562:Spaghetti Western
7552:Romanian New Wave
7427:Japanese New Wave
7093:Sword and sorcery
7009:Nazi exploitation
6591:Mumbai underworld
6347:Planetary romance
5526:978-0-85170-745-7
5430:978-0-19-502348-0
5406:978-1-59393-124-7
5362:978-0-394-50851-1
5336:978-0-8065-1604-2
5317:978-0-8264-1790-9
5298:978-0-7864-0836-8
5276:978-0-7506-2793-1
5257:978-0-500-20277-7
5210:978-0-19-506891-7
5191:978-0-393-97922-0
5139:978-0-316-11791-3
5091:978-0-684-81162-8
5067:978-1-55553-309-0
5043:978-0-393-95553-8
4593:, pp. 68–78.
4581:, pp. 12–18.
4281:(Press release).
3829:, pp. 24–26.
3771:Sight & Sound
3458:. Hyperallergic.
2989:Falkirk, Scotland
2900:Douglas Fairbanks
2850:safety film stock
2678:Film preservation
2566:Rudolph Valentino
2529:Eugene Chadbourne
2415:(1988), starring
2370:Peter Bogdanovich
1922:
1921:
1897:Abie's Irish Rose
1869:What Price Glory?
1797:For Heaven's Sake
1680:The Covered Wagon
1301:Vitagraph Studios
1007:cellulose nitrate
970:Lumière brothers'
880:facial expression
859:Acting techniques
661:repertory cinemas
562:Joseph Carl Breil
340:
221:Eadward Muybridge
192:nitrate filmstock
16:(Redirected from
8184:
8129:
8119:
8118:
8098:Vulgar auteurism
7926:Interstitial art
7904:Hyperlink cinema
7619:Vulgar auteurism
7614:Toronto New Wave
7604:Telefoni Bianchi
7599:Sword-and-sandal
7417:Italian futurist
7412:Iranian New Wave
7275:British New Wave
7088:Sword-and-sandal
6969:Rape and revenge
6910:Mouth of Garbage
6756:Tentacle erotica
6704:Goona-goona epic
6684:Extraterrestrial
6571:Heroic bloodshed
6205:Occult detective
6036:Christmas horror
5888:Sword-and-sandal
5620:Hong Kong action
5615:Heroic bloodshed
5581:
5574:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5543:Internet Archive
5530:
5511:
5486:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5443:
5434:
5410:
5391:
5372:The Last Command
5366:
5354:
5340:
5321:
5302:
5280:
5261:
5240:
5228:
5214:
5195:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5143:
5124:
5095:
5071:
5047:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5000:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4945:. March 29, 2021
4943:slapstick.org.uk
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4654:. May 24, 2013.
4648:
4642:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4543:
4537:
4532:(May 24, 2018).
4520:
4514:
4511:Hartford Courant
4497:
4491:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4408:
4402:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4348:. Archived from
4340:Sanchez, Diana.
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4226:. Archived from
4217:
4209:
4203:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4140:"About the Show"
4136:
4130:
4119:
4113:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4082:. Archived from
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4014:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3973:
3967:
3958:
3947:
3946:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3853:
3847:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3808:on April 7, 2007
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3759:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3514:
3508:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3232:. Archived from
3220:
3214:
3213:
3200:
3190:
3166:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3003:Pordenone, Italy
2975:Toronto, Ontario
2866:Dawson Film Find
2860:Dawson Film Find
2804:The Great Gatsby
2501:The French film
2447:Laurel and Hardy
2443:All Wear Bowlers
2347:Sunset Boulevard
2285:The German film
2269:Sidewalk Stories
2178:Too Much Johnson
2025:The Silent Enemy
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1862:
1840:
1834:Norton S. Parker
1825:The Road to Ruin
1818:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1753:Cecil B. DeMille
1743:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1653:
1642:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1564:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1440:
1417:
1399:
1376:Life of a Cowboy
1328:Edwin Thanhouser
999:Institut Lumière
996:
976:
960:Projection speed
935:Maurice Tourneur
931:Albert Capellani
850:Virginia Pearson
804:Silent Orchestra
741:William P. Perry
611:cinema of Brazil
604:Great Depression
535:Mighty Wurlitzer
406:talking pictures
347:re-enacting the
341:
309:Ottomar AnschĂĽtz
105:theater organist
67:
21:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8135:
8107:
8048:Semidocumentary
7973:Minimalist film
7963:Message picture
7958:Maximalist film
7852:Database cinema
7835:Computer screen
7795:Black-and-white
7720:
7718:
7716:
7710:
7628:
7584:Soviet parallel
7507:Parallel cinema
7502:Pan-Indian film
7432:Kammerspielfilm
7367:French New Wave
7287:Budapest school
7270:Brighton School
7245:New Objectivity
7227:
7221:
7190:Science fiction
6822:Bruceploitation
6731:Girls with guns
6677:Turksploitation
6551:Gentleman thief
6467:
6302:Science fiction
6148:Minimalist film
6143:Maximalist film
6121:Science fiction
6081:Japanese horror
5878:Social guidance
5593:
5585:
5538:
5533:
5527:
5455:
5453:
5448:. p. A35.
5431:
5407:
5363:
5345:Brownlow, Kevin
5337:
5318:
5299:
5277:
5258:
5247:History of Film
5233:Musser, Charles
5211:
5192:
5170:
5168:
5140:
5092:
5068:
5044:
5018:
5005:Brownlow, Kevin
4990:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4922:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4846:
4844:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4661:
4659:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4637:
4630:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4601:
4597:
4589:
4585:
4577:
4573:
4563:
4561:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4530:Wayback Machine
4521:
4517:
4508:Wayback Machine
4498:
4494:
4484:Wayback Machine
4475:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4405:
4400:Wayback Machine
4391:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4201:Wayback Machine
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4120:
4116:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4024:on July 8, 2011
4016:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3974:
3970:
3959:
3950:
3939:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3915:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3854:
3850:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3765:(Summer 1980).
3763:Brownlow, Kevin
3760:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3721:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3558:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3515:
3511:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3452:
3448:
3436:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3418:Rossell, Deac.
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3315:
3308:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3236:on May 26, 2019
3222:
3221:
3217:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3111:Kammerspielfilm
3064:
3059:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3040:
2938:Capitol Theatre
2930:
2868:
2862:
2680:
2670:
2619:Shaun the Sheep
2582:Renwick Gallery
2558:Galina Jovovich
2439:Silent Laughter
2431:Billy Van Zandt
2274:Charlie Chaplin
2213:Hou Hsiao-hsien
2163:Charlie Chaplin
2159:
2129:An Inn in Tokyo
2110:Kenji Mizoguchi
2050:Charlie Chaplin
1975:The Jazz Singer
1932:
1927:
1907:
1906:
1879:
1878:
1807:
1806:
1779:
1778:
1751:
1750:
1723:Wallace Worsley
1721:
1720:
1691:
1690:
1663:Charlie Chaplin
1661:
1660:
1636:Charlie Chaplin
1611:Charlie Chaplin
1609:
1608:
1581:
1580:
1558:Charlie Chaplin
1531:
1530:
1503:
1502:
1473:
1472:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1389:
1344:were filmed at
1273:Essanay Studios
1233:
1203:
1087:Butterfly Dance
1057:
1051:
997:Lumière at the
962:
954:Weimar Republic
896:Marshall Neilan
861:
832:Dolores del RĂo
796:Alloy Orchestra
784:Charlie Chaplin
705:Freddie Mercury
701:Giorgio Moroder
688:Carmine Coppola
649:
554:photoplay music
513:
501:scenario writer
475:
435:censorship cuts
334:
332:
330:Silent film era
270:phenakistiscope
247:Louis Le Prince
213:
207:
201:
151:The Jazz Singer
62:Charlie Chaplin
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Silent film era
15:
12:
11:
5:
8190:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8123:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8033:Reverse motion
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7983:Modernist film
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7928:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7845:midnight movie
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7735:
7730:
7724:
7722:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7701:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7674:
7673:
7672:
7667:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7647:
7642:
7636:
7634:
7633:By demographic
7630:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7572:Social realist
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7527:Poliziotteschi
7524:
7519:
7517:Poetic realist
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7472:New generation
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7447:Modernist film
7444:
7439:
7437:L.A. Rebellion
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7302:Cinéma du look
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7231:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7215:Zapata Western
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7195:Singing cowboy
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7150:Dacoit Western
7147:
7142:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7031:Shoshimin-eiga
7028:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7019:Nunsploitation
7016:
7014:Pornochanchada
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6787:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6689:Food and drink
6686:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6667:Blaxploitation
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6610:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6596:Poliziotteschi
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6451:Extreme cinema
6448:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6241:
6236:
6226:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6031:Chinese horror
6028:
6023:
6018:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5666:
5661:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5584:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5537:
5536:External links
5534:
5532:
5531:
5525:
5512:
5487:
5462:
5435:
5429:
5411:
5405:
5392:
5367:
5361:
5341:
5335:
5322:
5316:
5303:
5297:
5285:Slide, Anthony
5281:
5275:
5262:
5256:
5241:
5229:
5219:Morrison, Bill
5215:
5209:
5196:
5190:
5177:
5144:
5138:
5125:
5107:(3): 246–256.
5096:
5090:
5072:
5066:
5048:
5042:
5029:
5013:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4956:
4930:
4904:
4879:
4854:
4829:
4804:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4681:
4669:
4643:
4628:
4607:
4595:
4583:
4571:
4538:
4515:
4492:
4469:
4460:
4434:
4403:
4385:
4363:
4342:"Blancanieves"
4332:
4309:"Sanguivorous"
4300:
4270:
4244:
4204:
4186:
4166:Zinoman, Jason
4157:
4131:
4114:
4097:
4066:
4035:
3999:
3968:
3948:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3879:
3848:
3831:
3819:
3788:
3743:
3731:
3701:
3697:Brownlow 1968a
3686:
3656:
3626:
3614:
3610:Parkinson 1996
3602:
3590:
3578:
3552:
3540:
3509:
3473:
3446:
3437:|journal=
3410:
3379:
3348:
3346:, p. 580.
3344:Brownlow 1968b
3336:
3306:
3284:
3259:
3247:
3224:"Silent Films"
3215:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Classic Images
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3055:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2967:
2960:Castro Theatre
2956:
2945:
2942:Rome, New York
2929:
2928:Film festivals
2926:
2864:Main article:
2861:
2858:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2744:
2669:
2666:
2646:theatre organs
2625:also produced
2598:Five Ton Crane
2562:Milla Jovovich
2407:release prints
2397:Aki Kaurismäki
2356:Gloria Swanson
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2133:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2093:
2081:
2073:
2061:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2021:
2009:
1964:RCA Photophone
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:Victor Fleming
1903:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1875:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1803:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1775:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1747:
1744:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1717:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1687:
1684:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1657:
1654:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1605:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1577:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1527:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1499:
1496:
1492:The Big Parade
1486:
1485:
1480:
1469:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1419:
1412:
1411:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1289:Georges Méliès
1232:
1229:
1116:Georges Méliès
1104:Edison Studios
1053:Main article:
1050:
1047:
1037:restored films
994:Cinématographe
974:Cinématographe
961:
958:
918:D. W. Griffith
860:
857:
778:, and others.
757:The Big Parade
724:Gaylord Carter
666:Kevin Brownlow
648:
645:
615:fitas cantatas
546:Musical scores
531:theatre organs
512:
509:
474:
471:
410:film directors
385:Soviet Montage
345:Edison Studios
331:
328:
278:cinematography
209:Main article:
203:Main article:
200:
197:
82:recorded sound
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8189:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8122:
8114:
8113:
8110:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8028:Postmodernist
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8018:Participatory
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7988:Musical short
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7899:Found footage
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7805:Cinéma vérité
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7740:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7721:or production
7713:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7692:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7631:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7537:Prussian film
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7482:New Nollywood
7480:
7478:
7477:New Hollywood
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7297:Cannibal boom
7295:
7293:
7292:Calligrafismo
7290:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7260:Berlin School
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7224:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7210:Weird Western
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7041:Slice of life
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6994:Bavarian porn
6992:
6991:
6990:
6989:Sexploitation
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6947:Partisan film
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6915:Muslim social
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6897:
6896:Zombie comedy
6894:
6893:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:Giant monster
6869:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6672:Mexploitation
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6526:Coming-of-age
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6441:Transgressive
6439:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6424:Psychological
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6374:Slice of life
6372:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Psychological
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6086:Korean horror
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6056:Found footage
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5945:Magic realism
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5861:Sexploitation
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5812:Calligrafismo
5810:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5765:City symphony
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5582:
5577:
5575:
5570:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5528:
5522:
5518:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5467:Stella Dallas
5463:
5456:September 11,
5451:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5398:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5328:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5227:. KinoLorber.
5226:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5202:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4717:, p. 99.
4716:
4711:
4696:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4677:Morrison 2016
4673:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4640:
4635:
4633:
4617:
4611:
4604:
4603:Thompson 1996
4599:
4592:
4591:Thompson 1996
4587:
4580:
4579:Thompson 1996
4575:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4496:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4473:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4389:
4373:
4367:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4258:
4254:
4253:"Sangivorous"
4248:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4190:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4101:
4090:September 11,
4085:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4059:September 11,
4054:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4023:
4019:
4012:
4011:
4003:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3925:
3918:
3913:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3828:
3823:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3792:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3740:
3735:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3624:, p. 68.
3623:
3622:Standish 2006
3618:
3612:, p. 69.
3611:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3544:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3429:
3421:
3414:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3340:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3311:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3161:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3056:
3053:
3042:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3019:, Nederlands.
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:Bonn, Germany
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:Kiss Me Again
2785:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
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2686:A still from
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2521:
2518:The Japanese
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2484:In 2005, the
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:Vase de Noces
2464:
2460:
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2454:
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2428:
2424:
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2403:
2398:
2394:
2391:In 1999, the
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2372:'s 1976 film
2371:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2352:Norma Desmond
2349:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:Werner Herzog
2330:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
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2310:
2309:Foley artists
2306:
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2300:
2299:
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2275:
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2270:
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2258:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:JĂ©rĂ´me Savary
2244:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2228:The Impostors
2224:
2223:Stanley Tucci
2220:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2157:Later homages
2151:
2150:
2149:Cosmic Voyage
2146:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:Passing Fancy
2074:
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2054:
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2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1960:Fox Movietone
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1944:sound-on-film
1941:
1940:sound-on-disc
1937:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1856:Frank Borzage
1854:
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1652:
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1645:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1627:The Gold Rush
1623:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1571:Way Down East
1567:
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1476:
1470:
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1464:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:gross rentals
1425:
1424:
1416:
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1406:
1398:
1384:
1382:
1378:
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1371:
1366:
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1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:Selig Studios
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:Lubin Studios
1282:
1278:
1277:Kalem Company
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:Staten Island
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:Early studios
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1172:Ambrosio Film
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:Urban-Eclipse
1153:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1133:mise-en-scène
1129:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:(1894), from
1101:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:) awakens in
1066:
1061:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:Thomas Edison
1017:
1011:
1008:
1000:
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990:
986:
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975:
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949:
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932:
927:
923:
919:
911:
907:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:body language
869:
865:
856:
853:
851:
847:
843:
842:
837:
836:Rupert Julian
833:
829:
828:
823:
819:
815:
814:
809:
808:RPM Orchestra
805:
801:
797:
793:
787:
785:
781:
780:Timothy Brock
777:
776:Charley Chase
773:
772:Buster Keaton
769:
765:
764:
759:
758:
753:
749:
748:Robert Israel
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:
671:
667:
662:
657:
654:
653:musicologists
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
599:
595:
593:
592:
587:
583:
582:
577:
573:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:
539:sound effects
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
485:
484:
479:
470:
467:
466:sound-on-film
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
443:
438:
436:
427:
426:
421:
417:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:1910s in film
366:
362:
355:, South Korea
354:
350:
346:
327:
325:
321:
317:
316:Thomas Edison
312:
310:
306:
301:
299:
298:zoopraxiscope
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
255:magic lantern
248:
244:
243:Sarah Whitley
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
222:
217:
212:
206:
196:
193:
189:
184:
182:
181:sound effects
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
138:
136:
135:
130:
129:
124:
123:
118:
117:improvisation
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
63:
59:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
36:A Silent Film
33:
19:
8067:
7867:Experimental
7862:Ethnofiction
7609:Third Cinema
7512:Persian Film
7255:Auteur films
7226:By movement
7083:Swashbuckler
6942:Ozploitation
6937:Outlaw biker
6817:Martial arts
6812:Magical girl
6662:Exploitation
6657:Ethnographic
6586:Mafia comedy
6229:Pornographic
6106:Psycho-biddy
6091:Lovecraftian
5925:Contemporary
5906:
5900:Exploitation
5895:Experimental
5775:Mockumentary
5644:Biographical
5516:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5454:. Retrieved
5445:
5419:
5397:Silent Lives
5396:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5350:
5326:
5307:
5288:
5266:
5246:
5236:
5222:
5200:
5181:
5169:. Retrieved
5152:
5129:
5104:
5100:
5080:
5076:Eyman, Scott
5056:
5033:
5024:
5008:
4996:
4988:Bibliography
4975:February 20,
4973:. Retrieved
4968:
4959:
4949:February 20,
4947:. Retrieved
4942:
4933:
4923:February 20,
4921:. Retrieved
4916:
4907:
4897:February 20,
4895:. Retrieved
4891:
4882:
4872:February 20,
4870:. Retrieved
4866:
4857:
4847:February 20,
4845:. Retrieved
4841:
4832:
4822:February 20,
4820:. Retrieved
4816:
4813:"Hippodrome"
4807:
4797:February 20,
4795:. Retrieved
4791:
4782:
4770:
4758:
4746:
4738:Capitolfest
4734:
4722:
4710:
4698:. Retrieved
4694:
4684:
4672:
4662:February 25,
4660:. Retrieved
4646:
4619:. Retrieved
4610:
4598:
4586:
4574:
4562:. Retrieved
4550:
4541:
4533:
4518:
4510:
4495:
4487:
4472:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4437:
4425:. Retrieved
4416:
4406:
4388:
4376:. Retrieved
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4350:the original
4345:
4335:
4323:. Retrieved
4319:the original
4314:Folio Weekly
4312:
4303:
4291:. Retrieved
4287:the original
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4247:
4235:. Retrieved
4228:the original
4219:
4207:
4189:
4177:. Retrieved
4173:
4160:
4148:. Retrieved
4134:
4122:
4117:
4105:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4084:the original
4079:
4069:
4057:. Retrieved
4048:
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4022:the original
4008:
4002:
3992:November 29,
3990:. Retrieved
3981:
3971:
3961:
3942:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3900:. Retrieved
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3861:
3851:
3843:
3840:Gus Van Sant
3834:
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3806:the original
3801:
3791:
3779:. Retrieved
3775:the original
3770:
3734:
3722:. Retrieved
3713:
3710:"Lon Chaney"
3704:
3679:February 24,
3677:. Retrieved
3668:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3639:Brenton Film
3638:
3629:
3617:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3571:February 24,
3569:. Retrieved
3565:
3555:
3543:
3533:February 24,
3531:. Retrieved
3522:
3512:
3497:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3466:December 14,
3464:. Retrieved
3449:
3428:cite journal
3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3393:Silent-ology
3392:
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3361:
3351:
3339:
3327:. Retrieved
3317:Dirks, Tim.
3300:
3287:
3257:, p. 5.
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3234:the original
3227:
3218:
3210:
3198:10261/268521
3178:
3174:
3164:
3109:
3066:1920s portal
2931:
2919:
2896:Harold Lloyd
2888:Grace Cunard
2884:Helen Holmes
2869:
2854:preservation
2842:
2834:
2825:Best Picture
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2771:, the first
2766:
2761:Pancho Villa
2754:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2722:
2699:
2687:
2661:Silent Times
2660:
2657:Silent Times
2656:
2650:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2560:, mother of
2547:
2545:
2541:Pablo Berger
2536:Blancanieves
2534:
2533:
2524:Sanguivorous
2522:
2520:vampire film
2517:
2502:
2500:
2493:
2483:
2476:
2466:
2463:Thierry ZĂ©no
2456:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2435:Jane Milmore
2427:Rolf de Heer
2422:Doctor Plonk
2420:
2417:Kamal Haasan
2410:
2400:
2390:
2383:
2373:
2359:
2345:
2343:
2336:
2326:
2312:
2302:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2277:
2267:
2264:Charles Lane
2261:
2250:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2216:
2208:Silent Movie
2206:
2201:(1962), and
2196:
2193:Pierre Etaix
2186:
2183:Jacques Tati
2176:
2173:Orson Welles
2168:Modern Times
2166:
2160:
2147:
2135:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2095:
2083:
2075:
2070:YasujirĹŤ Ozu
2063:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2023:
2011:
2006:F. W. Murnau
1999:
1990:
1988:
1984:goat-glanded
1973:
1970:Warner Bros.
1968:
1933:
1895:
1867:
1845:
1823:
1795:
1767:
1738:
1708:
1678:
1648:
1625:
1597:
1569:
1548:
1519:
1490:
1483:$ 10,000,000
1460:
1453:Gross rental
1449:Director(s)
1432:
1421:
1403:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1335:
1317:
1234:
1225:
1221:Ku Klux Klan
1214:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1179:
1148:
1141:
1131:
1127:Jeanne d'Arc
1125:
1119:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1073:. The amber
1068:
1065:Conrad Veidt
1055:Film tinting
1040:
1029:
1015:
1012:
1004:
983:undercranked
963:
950:
939:
926:Lillian Gish
915:
882:so that the
873:
868:Lillian Gish
854:
846:Mary Philbin
839:
825:
822:Edwin Carewe
811:
788:
768:Harold Lloyd
761:
755:
745:
729:Dennis James
721:
713:Jon Anderson
694:
692:
673:
658:
650:
640:
636:
632:
626:
614:
608:
600:
596:
591:Stenka Razin
589:
579:
569:
558:movie studio
544:
514:
504:
500:
497:title writer
496:
493:inter-titles
489:
481:
473:Inter-titles
450:film tinting
446:
439:
431:
423:
365:1929 in film
361:1894 in film
358:
313:
302:
263:
252:
236:
224:
185:
149:
141:
139:
134:Silent Movie
132:
128:Modern Times
126:
120:
98:
73:
71:
48:
40:
32:Silent Movie
8167:Film genres
8152:Silent film
8093:Video nasty
8088:Underground
8073:Slow cinema
8043:Sceneggiata
7931:Live action
7909:Independent
7889:Film Ă clef
7857:Docufiction
7825:Compilation
7800:Blockbuster
7768:Traditional
7763:Stop-motion
7699:Chick flick
7557:Slow cinema
7547:Remodernist
7362:Free Cinema
7342:Erra Cinema
7307:Cinema Novo
7185:Revisionist
6694:Gendai-geki
6630:Psychedelic
6618:Apocalyptic
6484:Beach party
6379:Slow cinema
6352:Space opera
6317:Fantastique
6188:Sceneggiata
6178:Musicarello
6051:Fantastique
5930:Fantastique
5873:Educational
5800:Video essay
5755:Documentary
5101:Monatshefte
4695:Vanity Fair
4356:February 6,
4043:Carr, Jay.
3872:October 11,
3714:www.tcm.com
3566:Smithsonian
3482:Russian Ark
3240:October 29,
3137:Sound stage
3052:Film portal
3024:Bristol, UK
2971:Fox Theatre
2916:safety film
2910:and the US
2880:Pearl White
2871:Dawson City
2820:The Patriot
2768:The Apostle
2759:, starring
2617:, based on
2605:Right There
2549:Silent Life
2488:produced a
2375:Nickelodeon
2364:deals with
2218:Three Times
2090:Wu Yonggang
2085:The Goddess
2045:City Lights
1962:(1927) and
1948:Photokinema
1936:vacuum tube
1917:$ 1,500,000
1889:$ 2,400,000
1881:Raoul Walsh
1861:$ 2,500,000
1839:$ 2,500,000
1817:$ 2,600,000
1789:$ 3,000,000
1761:$ 3,400,000
1731:$ 3,500,000
1701:$ 3,800,000
1693:James Cruze
1671:$ 3,800,000
1641:$ 4,250,000
1619:$ 4,300,000
1599:City Lights
1591:$ 5,000,000
1563:$ 5,450,000
1541:$ 5,500,000
1513:$ 6,400,000
1420:Poster for
1402:Poster for
1332:film serial
1121:Cendrillion
1112:Loie Fuller
1024:Kinetoscope
966:frame rates
946:Greta Garbo
760:(1925) and
709:Pat Benatar
462:Technicolor
458:Kinemacolor
375:as well as
324:kinetoscope
274:optical toy
259:photographs
142:silent film
122:City Lights
113:sheet music
94:title cards
74:silent film
8146:Categories
8013:Paracinema
7998:Neorealist
7993:Mythopoeia
7978:Mockbuster
7943:Low-budget
7884:Featurette
7717:technique,
7715:By format,
7594:Surrealist
7589:Structural
7467:New German
7457:Neorealist
7452:Mumblecore
7392:Heimatfilm
7352:Film d'art
7317:Cinéma pur
7051:South Seas
7024:Sex report
6290:Paranormal
6253:Propaganda
6153:Mumblecore
5940:Historical
5822:Historical
5711:Remarriage
5701:Mo lei tau
5153:Archivaria
4715:Slide 2000
4679:, 1:53:45.
4534:TheDay.com
4443:"About Us"
4224:Wild Bunch
3598:Marks 1997
3586:Eyman 1997
3506:0851702457
3494:0230246974
3422:: 2, 9–10.
3280:Lewis 2008
3255:Slide 2000
3156:References
3012:, Finland.
2904:Lon Chaney
2892:Lois Weber
2706:home video
2634:Timmy Time
2573:The Picnic
2504:The Artist
2395:filmmaker
2293:Guy Maddin
2203:Mel Brooks
2198:The Suitor
2033:Borderline
1980:sound film
1930:Transition
1847:7th Heaven
1809:Sam Taylor
1650:The Circus
1533:Fred Niblo
1505:King Vidor
1355:War scenes
1346:Fred Scott
1320:Thanhouser
1168:Itala Film
1042:Metropolis
941:Metropolis
910:Lon Chaney
892:Vaudeville
827:Evangeline
818:Lupe VĂ©lez
733:Neil Brand
696:Metropolis
680:Carl Davis
670:Abel Gance
550:improvised
420:Aziza Amir
320:phonograph
160:phonograph
8003:No-budget
7968:Meta-film
7936:animation
7894:Film-poem
7830:Composite
7775:Anthology
7738:Animation
7733:Actuality
7719:approach,
7487:New Queer
7407:Indiewood
7357:Film gris
7228:or period
7205:Spaghetti
7128:Submarine
7108:Vigilante
7073:Superhero
6827:Chopsocky
6773:Jidaigeki
6642:Dystopian
6541:Detective
6499:Buddy cop
6489:Body swap
6419:Political
6399:Financial
6362:Tokusatsu
6357:Steampunk
6273:Bromantic
6245:Malayalam
6224:Crossover
6200:Detective
6168:Backstage
6116:Religious
5972:Tech noir
5967:Pulp noir
5957:Film noir
5832:Melodrama
5770:Docudrama
5743:Cyberpunk
5736:Slapstick
5726:Screwball
5686:Gross out
5649:Christian
5627:Adventure
5508:1651-6826
5483:1651-6826
5388:1651-6826
5161:1923-6409
5113:1934-2810
5023:(1968b).
5007:(1968a).
4838:"Home EN"
4639:Kula 1979
4621:August 4,
4559:0731-3527
4015:Cited in
3838:Director
3781:March 24,
3739:Kaes 1990
3548:Cook 1990
3207:248581687
3132:Melodrama
3017:Eindhoven
2984:, France.
2873:, in the
2780:Cleopatra
2694:lost film
2674:Lost film
2478:The Angel
2458:The Thief
2399:produced
2366:Hollywood
2328:Nosferatu
2262:In 1990,
2137:Happiness
2001:City Girl
1956:Vitaphone
1952:Phonofilm
1313:antitrust
1249:Manhattan
1106:. In it,
1083:dyestuffs
737:Ben Model
619:operettas
584:, and by
527:organists
394:long shot
314:Although
294:zoetropes
266:animation
177:sound era
173:Vitaphone
140:The term
109:orchestra
90:narrative
8121:Category
8008:One-shot
7872:Abstract
7758:Computer
7442:Lettrist
7337:Dogme 95
7265:Bourekas
7235:Absolute
7175:Northern
7170:Meat pie
7123:Euro War
7118:Anti-war
6984:Rumberas
6905:Mountain
6807:Luchador
6763:Homeland
6751:Shotacon
6724:Suburban
6652:Economic
6613:Disaster
6546:Gangster
6521:Colonial
6511:Cannibal
6472:By theme
6429:Romantic
6384:Thriller
6342:New Wave
6337:Military
6295:Thriller
6263:Romantic
6210:Whodunit
6183:Operetta
6163:Arthouse
6131:Splatter
6026:Cannibal
6016:Arthouse
5999:Suburban
5989:Southern
5962:Neo-noir
5866:Thriller
5760:Animated
5748:Japanese
5716:Romantic
5706:Thriller
5632:Survival
5610:Arthouse
5598:By style
5450:Archived
5417:(1978).
5347:(1980).
5287:(2000).
5235:(1990).
5221:(2016).
5171:March 7,
5165:Archived
5121:30155279
5078:(1997).
4700:July 20,
4656:Archived
4564:March 7,
4526:Archived
4504:Archived
4480:Archived
4453:March 7,
4447:Archived
4427:June 12,
4421:Archived
4396:Archived
4378:March 7,
4325:March 7,
4293:March 7,
4263:March 7,
4257:Archived
4197:Archived
4179:March 7,
4150:March 7,
4144:Archived
4053:Archived
4028:July 14,
3986:Archived
3902:March 7,
3896:Archived
3866:Archived
3862:DVD Talk
3718:Archived
3673:Archived
3643:Archived
3527:Archived
3460:Archived
3403:July 27,
3397:Archived
3372:July 27,
3366:Archived
3329:March 7,
3323:Archived
3142:Tab show
3038:See also
2831:survives
2717:and the
2590:Art Deco
2475:'s 1982
2465:'s 1974
2452:Fantasia
2388:(1915).
2382:'s epic
2341:(1979).
2331:(1922).
2242:Mr. Bean
2191:(1953),
2181:(1938),
2171:(1936),
1966:(1928).
1958:(1926),
1954:(1923),
1950:(1921),
1342:westerns
1309:monopoly
1269:Biograph
1063:Cesare (
1032:telecine
1022:for his
922:close up
884:audience
675:Napoléon
568:'s epic
390:close-up
284:, until
146:retronym
86:dialogue
8162:Silence
8103:Z movie
7879:Feature
7815:Collage
7785:B movie
7753:Cartoon
7492:No wave
7160:Florida
7155:Fantasy
7135:Western
7078:Surfing
7066:Eurospy
7036:Slavery
6886:Vampire
6866:Monster
6837:Kung fu
6778:Samurai
6746:Lolicon
6714:Romance
6561:Gong'an
6531:Concert
6516:Chicano
6479:Animals
6367:Western
6322:Fantasy
6280:Fantasy
6258:Reality
6195:Mystery
6173:Jukebox
6158:Musical
6136:Satanic
6126:Slasher
6096:Natural
6076:Holiday
5984:Romance
5950:Science
5915:Fantasy
5817:Dramedy
5681:Dramedy
5492:Sunrise
4917:nsff.nl
4817:website
4237:May 10,
4123:Pushpak
4010:Variety
3724:June 4,
3665:"About"
3649:May 25,
3362:Variety
3321:. AMC.
2829:trailer
2796:Arirang
2763:himself
2584:of the
2412:Pushpak
2393:Finnish
2323:vampire
2279:The Kid
2165:, with
1549:The Kid
1521:Ben-Hur
1423:Ben-Hur
1350:cowboys
1196:in 1908
1194:Ben Hur
1181:Ben Hur
1160:Gaumont
1049:Tinting
1016:flicker
523:pianist
398:panning
353:Incheon
101:pianist
8131:Portal
8068:Silent
8058:Shinpa
8053:Serial
8038:Satire
8023:Poetry
7953:Masala
7682:ShĹŤnen
7665:Seinen
7180:Ostern
7165:Horror
7098:Travel
7056:Sports
6979:Rubble
6952:Prison
6920:Nature
6891:Zombie
6832:Gun fu
6768:Isekai
6741:Hentai
6709:Gothic
6635:Stoner
6601:Yakuza
6556:GokudĹŤ
6504:Female
6434:Techno
6404:Giallo
6394:Erotic
6389:Comedy
6332:Horror
6327:Gothic
6312:Comedy
6285:Gothic
6268:Comedy
6217:Giallo
6071:Giallo
6041:Comedy
6011:Horror
5979:Gothic
5920:Comedy
5846:Erotic
5837:Korean
5795:Travel
5785:Pseudo
5731:Silent
5696:Parody
5691:Horror
5659:Action
5654:Comedy
5605:Action
5591:genres
5523:
5506:
5481:
5427:
5403:
5386:
5359:
5333:
5314:
5295:
5273:
5254:
5207:
5188:
5159:
5136:
5119:
5111:
5088:
5064:
5040:
5021:
5017:
4557:
3964:(1908)
3812:May 9,
3504:
3492:
3205:
3010:Forssa
2982:Anères
2902:, and
2839:(1928)
2815:(1927)
2807:(1926)
2799:(1926)
2791:(1925)
2783:(1917)
2775:(1917)
2743:(1908)
2358:, and
2325:movie
2288:Tuvalu
2237:Silent
2144:, 1935
2124:, 1935
2117:Legong
2112:, 1935
2092:, 1934
2072:, 1932
2052:, 1931
2040:, 1930
2020:, 1930
2008:, 1930
1443:Title
1426:(1925)
1408:(1915)
1299:, and
1265:Edison
1174:, and
834:, and
739:, and
711:, and
641:benshi
637:benshi
633:benshi
628:benshi
505:titles
454:toning
428:(1927)
400:, and
383:, and
8083:Sound
8063:Short
7820:Color
7743:Anime
7704:Josei
7694:Women
7687:ShĹŤjo
7655:Anime
7645:Black
7640:Adult
7200:Space
7103:Trial
7046:Snuff
6957:Women
6932:Opera
6881:Mummy
6876:Kaiju
6859:Anime
6854:Mecha
6847:Wuxia
6842:Ninja
6790:LGBTQ
6785:KaitĹŤ
6736:Harem
6719:Space
6699:Ghost
6647:Ecchi
6608:Dance
6581:Mafia
6566:Heist
6536:Crime
6494:Buddy
6463:Trick
6409:Legal
6066:Ghost
6004:Urban
5994:Space
5827:Legal
5807:Drama
5780:Mondo
5664:Black
5502:(6).
5477:(6).
5382:(6).
5117:JSTOR
4231:(PDF)
4216:(PDF)
3802:Image
3297:(PDF)
3229:JSTOR
3203:S2CID
3181:(1).
2875:Yukon
2628:Morph
2205:with
2195:with
2185:with
2175:with
2013:Earth
1902:1928
1874:1926
1852:1928
1830:1928
1802:1926
1774:1921
1746:1923
1716:1923
1686:1923
1656:1928
1632:1925
1604:1931
1576:1920
1554:1921
1526:1925
1498:1925
1468:1915
1446:Year
1379:, by
1293:Pathé
1176:Selig
1164:Kalem
1152:Pathé
1091:sepia
888:campy
844:with
830:with
816:with
623:Japan
425:Laila
165:1920s
144:is a
115:, or
76:is a
7840:Cult
7677:Teen
7670:Stag
7661:Men
7140:Acid
6974:Road
6964:Race
6800:Yuri
6795:Yaoi
6625:Drug
6576:Hood
6021:Body
5935:High
5905:see
5883:Epic
5856:Pink
5790:Semi
5674:Sexy
5588:Film
5541:The
5521:ISBN
5504:ISSN
5479:ISSN
5458:2013
5425:ISBN
5401:ISBN
5384:ISSN
5357:ISBN
5331:ISBN
5312:ISBN
5293:ISBN
5271:ISBN
5252:ISBN
5205:ISBN
5186:ISBN
5173:2014
5157:ISSN
5134:ISBN
5109:ISSN
5086:ISBN
5062:ISBN
5038:ISBN
4977:2024
4951:2024
4925:2024
4899:2024
4874:2024
4849:2024
4824:2024
4799:2024
4702:2017
4664:2018
4623:2013
4566:2014
4555:ISSN
4455:2014
4429:2020
4380:2014
4358:2023
4327:2014
4295:2014
4265:2014
4239:2011
4181:2014
4152:2014
4128:IMDb
4111:IMDb
4106:Juha
4092:2017
4061:2017
4030:2011
3994:2017
3904:2014
3874:2018
3814:2007
3783:2018
3726:2022
3681:2018
3651:2016
3573:2018
3535:2019
3502:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3468:2015
3441:help
3405:2017
3374:2017
3331:2014
3242:2019
2676:and
2651:The
2640:The
2631:and
2556:and
2471:and
2433:and
2402:Juha
2057:Tabu
1942:and
1318:The
1075:tint
933:and
878:and
848:and
588:for
578:for
564:for
460:and
307:and
188:lost
131:and
78:film
68:1919
7780:Art
7748:Art
7113:War
7061:Spy
6307:Art
6046:Eco
5721:Sex
5639:Art
5545:'s
5494:".
5469:".
5374:".
5019:———
4126:at
4109:at
3193:hdl
3183:doi
2973:in
2962:in
2951:in
2940:in
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2259:).
2249:'s
2225:'s
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824:'s
717:Yes
715:of
672:'s
452:or
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