1797:
137:
101:
118:
82:
127:
91:
1868:, introduced for the first time in Portugal. These innovations then spread throughout the country, and were therefore considered essential to the defence of the territory. The introduction of the keep towers, the alambor and the hoarding "mirror the excellence of the military architecture of the Portuguese Templars, largely due to the actions of their most emblematic and influential master,
1788:
The following year, the Caliph himself came to the
Iberian peninsula with a large army of 10.000 Almohads and 10.000 Arabs. They crossed the Strait of Gibraltar in the summer and reached Seville on 8 June. From Seville, a Muslim army invaded Portugal through the Alentejo and, without encountering
1776:
sent an army of 20.000 men commanded by Abu Hafs to the
Iberian peninsula, hoping that the city had not yet fallen to Christian hands. When Abu Hafs arrived in Seville, however, the Portuguese had already withdrawn. He then left for
1808:
set out to help him with an army. When he learned of the approach of the
Leonese, Afonso I was unaware of their intentions and believed that King Fernando II wanted to help the Muslims, so he sent messengers to ask for peace.
1760:
in 1147, through a surprise attack. Its walls were surreptitiously scaled at dawn and the city conquered before its garrison could organise an effective defence. Since then, the city has remained in
Portuguese hands.
1827:
Following the siege of Santarém, the
Templars carried out an extensive program of construction or renovation of the Order's castles that defended the Tagus line, which lasted through the 1170s. In 1171, the
1049:
590:
513:
356:
1360:
932:
560:
655:
825:
994:
989:
979:
895:
523:
483:
610:
600:
548:
543:
1353:
927:
1198:
1782:
750:
1804:
The
Almohads expected the king of León to refrain from helping Afonso I due to past grievances between the two, but upon learning of the siege of Santarém,
498:
1853:
1812:
The news that the
Leonese were coming to help the Portuguese spread among the Muslims as well, who lifted the siege and retreated to Seville, conquering
1875:
The siege of 1171 was only the first of three that would be imposed on Santarém by the
Muslims. The Almohads besieged the city again in 1184 and 1190.
1346:
959:
1474:
820:
182:
2052:
999:
1262:
1257:
1861:
630:
1706:
1676:
1824:
Due to the failure of the
Muslims in Santarém, in 1173 the King of Portugal signed a truce with the Almohads for five years.
1772:
besieged
Badajoz, the largest and most important city in the west of the peninsula. Alarmed by this news, the Almohad Caliph
1601:
351:
175:
346:
2057:
1740:, but they were unable to conquer the city. It was the first time that Santarém was attacked since its conquest by King
2072:
2067:
1569:
1549:
1151:
1444:
1024:
790:
2062:
1756:, Santarém was considered one of the most difficult cities to conquer in western Iberia. However, it was captured by
1370:
518:
1524:
880:
2032:
Barroca, Mário Jorge: "A Arquitectura Militar Portuguesa No Tempo de D. Afonso Henriques" in Barroca, Mário Jorge:
1606:
1034:
660:
168:
580:
1621:
1489:
1327:
984:
279:
269:
1004:
1539:
1101:
912:
605:
324:
1394:
625:
1904:
1641:
1586:
1181:
1106:
366:
2036:, CITCEM – Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar «Cultura, Espaço e Memória», Porto, 2017, pp. 125-158.
1889:
1884:
645:
595:
28:
1899:
1696:
1504:
855:
1213:
1054:
635:
341:
319:
222:
1544:
1091:
1064:
969:
917:
785:
745:
670:
1414:
1223:
1218:
1176:
1121:
1096:
1086:
1059:
715:
675:
314:
242:
1302:
1243:
1039:
575:
1872:, who was at the forefront of the order's destinies throughout of almost forty years (1156-1195)."
1666:
1631:
1596:
1404:
1312:
1228:
1203:
1156:
1126:
1116:
1081:
730:
695:
685:
274:
264:
217:
1837:
1494:
850:
413:
1894:
1716:
1711:
1691:
1671:
1636:
1499:
1459:
1424:
1399:
1208:
805:
775:
735:
640:
468:
438:
428:
396:
361:
299:
289:
1805:
1564:
1559:
1429:
1146:
1136:
949:
922:
755:
1681:
1661:
1646:
1611:
1581:
1529:
1514:
1509:
1419:
1290:
1285:
907:
885:
870:
865:
780:
725:
585:
508:
478:
386:
304:
227:
1591:
1307:
1029:
1019:
720:
700:
294:
1909:
2014:
The History of Portugal: From the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III'
1841:
1790:
1769:
1757:
1741:
1554:
1464:
1280:
1193:
1014:
810:
615:
570:
565:
443:
309:
252:
237:
130:
121:
1454:
1439:
942:
800:
770:
760:
8:
1765:
1389:
1322:
937:
835:
620:
538:
458:
381:
212:
85:
55:
533:
1849:
1829:
1796:
1651:
1626:
1616:
1317:
1141:
1069:
974:
830:
740:
488:
453:
376:
371:
2016:, Volume 1, London, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1888, pp. 227-228.
94:
1865:
1737:
1656:
1534:
1484:
1479:
1449:
1409:
1297:
1171:
1161:
1131:
964:
890:
845:
840:
795:
705:
665:
650:
528:
473:
448:
408:
284:
247:
104:
1778:
1275:
418:
1833:
1238:
1166:
1044:
1009:
680:
423:
1845:
1773:
1434:
954:
765:
690:
493:
463:
433:
391:
232:
140:
1338:
1701:
1686:
1519:
1111:
875:
860:
710:
503:
2046:
336:
160:
2034:
No Tempo de D. Afonso Henriques: Reflexões Sobre o Primeiro Século Português
1869:
1813:
136:
100:
1733:
1233:
194:
51:
117:
81:
1736:, in which the city of Santarém was besieged by an army from the
126:
90:
1753:
1933:
Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus
1927:
1925:
1857:
1789:
much resistance, advanced to Santarém, which was besieged.
1922:
1781:
and from this city he sent a detachment commanded by
1793:, also known as "The Conquerer" was in the city.
1368:
2044:
1752:Located at the top of a steep slope next to the
1732:in 1171 was a military confrontation during the
190:
1354:
176:
1957:, 1947, Cambridge Univeristy Press, p. 86.
1785:to Badajoz, who invaded Portugal in 1170.
1361:
1347:
183:
169:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1795:
2053:Battles involving the Almohad Caliphate
1475:Southern and Central Iberia (1172-1212)
2045:
2019:
1342:
164:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1836:began to be built or remodeled, the
13:
14:
2084:
1997:
1960:
1938:
1816:from the Leonese along the way.
155:20.000 Almohad and Arab soldiers
135:
125:
116:
99:
89:
80:
1988:
1985:, Volume 1, 1846, pp. 413-416.
1800:View of the walls of Santarém.
1:
1915:
1856:, being equipped with modern
1372:Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts
1905:Military history of Portugal
1819:
7:
1890:Portugal in the Reconquista
1885:Portugal in the Middle Ages
1878:
1252:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
29:Portugal in the Reconquista
10:
2089:
2058:Battles involving Portugal
1935:, 1996, Routledge, p. 223.
1747:
1540:Las Navas de Tolosa (1212)
2073:Sieges of the Reconquista
2068:Sieges involving Portugal
1380:
357:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
352:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
203:
146:
110:
74:
34:
26:
21:
2063:Sieges involving Morocco
1900:Siege of Santarém (1184)
22:Siege of Santarém (1171)
1895:Siege of Badajoz (1169)
1994:Kennedy, 1996, p. 224.
1801:
111:Commanders and leaders
16:1171 siege in Portugal
1981:Alexandre Herculano:
1955:A History of Portugal
1838:Castle of Penas Róias
1799:
1697:Alcácer Quibir (1578)
1602:Ksar es-Seghir (1458)
1545:Alcácer do Sal (1217)
1525:Alcácer do Sal (1191)
1445:Alcácer do Sal (1161)
347:Pallars and Ribagorza
1983:Historia de Portugal
1791:Afonso I of Portugal
1744:, 24 years earlier.
1742:Afonso I of Portugal
1490:Cabo Espichel (1180)
1234:2nd Granada campaign
631:2nd Balearic Islands
606:1st Balearic Islands
131:Ferdinand II of Leon
122:Afonso I of Portugal
1842:Castle of Longroiva
1806:Fernando II of León
1783:Ibrahim Ben Hamushk
1766:Gerald the Fearless
1647:Castelo Real (1510)
1570:Algeciras (1342–44)
1550:Algarve (1238-1249)
913:Las Navas de Tolosa
86:Kingdom of Portugal
56:Kingdom of Portugal
1910:Castle of Santarém
1844:in 1174, but also
1830:Castle of Almourol
1802:
1107:Shepherds' Crusade
918:3rd Alcácer do Sal
881:2nd Alcácer do Sal
791:1st Alcácer do Sal
280:2nd Roncevaux Pass
218:1st Roncevaux Pass
66:Portuguese victory
1953:H. V. Livermore:
1738:Almohad Caliphate
1730:Siege of Santarém
1725:
1724:
1662:Boulaouane (1514)
1607:Tangier (1463–64)
1565:Guadalmesí (1342)
1336:
1335:
514:Almodóvar del Río
159:
158:
105:Almohad Caliphate
70:
69:
2080:
2037:
2030:
2017:
2012:Edward McMurdo:
2010:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1958:
1951:
1936:
1929:
1840:in 1172 and the
1667:Marrakesh (1515)
1390:Vatalandi (1110)
1375:
1373:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1340:
1339:
198:
185:
178:
171:
162:
161:
139:
129:
120:
103:
93:
84:
36:
35:
19:
18:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2020:
2011:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1961:
1952:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1881:
1822:
1774:Abu Yaqub Yusuf
1750:
1726:
1721:
1677:Doukkala (1516)
1652:Azemmour (1513)
1632:Graciosa (1489)
1505:Santarém (1184)
1485:Abrantes (1179)
1470:Santarém (1171)
1465:Juromena (1170)
1430:Santarém (1147)
1415:Trancoso (1140)
1395:Santarém (1111)
1376:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1337:
1332:
1267:
1219:Los Alporchones
1102:Vega de Granada
199:
192:Battles in the
191:
189:
141:Abu Yaqub Yusuf
124:
95:Kingdom of León
88:
58:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2039:
2038:
2018:
1996:
1987:
1959:
1937:
1931:Hugh Kennedy:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1821:
1818:
1749:
1746:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1717:Mazagan (1769)
1714:
1709:
1707:Tangier (1662)
1704:
1702:Mazagan (1640)
1699:
1694:
1692:Mazagan (1562)
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:Tednest (1514)
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Tangier (1502)
1639:
1634:
1629:
1627:Chaouia (1487)
1624:
1622:Tangier (1471)
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Tangier (1437)
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Alarcos (1195)
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:Seville (1178)
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Badajoz (1169)
1457:
1452:
1450:Palmela (1165)
1447:
1442:
1440:Sacavém (1147)
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:Ourique (1139)
1407:
1402:
1400:Coimbra (1117)
1397:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1263:2nd Alpujarras
1260:
1258:1st Alpujarras
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1127:Vega de Pagana
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:Mudéjar revolt
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
946:
945:
935:
933:Aragonese raid
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
904:
903:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
821:Central Iberia
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
581:Norwegian raid
578:
573:
568:
563:
557:
556:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
404:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
333:
332:
328:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
261:
260:
256:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
209:
208:
204:
201:
200:
188:
187:
180:
173:
165:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
133:
113:
112:
108:
107:
97:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2085:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:Mamora (1696)
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Agadir (1541)
1685:
1683:
1682:Agadir (1533)
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Mamora (1515)
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Asilah (1471)
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Salado (1340)
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Silves (1191)
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Silves (1190)
1513:
1511:
1510:Silves (1189)
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Silves (1182)
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:Lisbon (1147)
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:Lisbon (1142)
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Leiria (1137)
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:9th Gibraltar
1227:
1225:
1224:8th Gibraltar
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:7th Gibraltar
1212:
1210:
1209:La Higueruela
1207:
1205:
1204:6th Gibraltar
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
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1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:5th Algeciras
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
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1160:
1158:
1157:5th Gibraltar
1155:
1153:
1152:4th Algeciras
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:4th Gibraltar
1120:
1118:
1117:3rd Gibraltar
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:2nd Gibraltar
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:3rd Algeciras
1085:
1083:
1082:1st Gibraltar
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
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1060:2nd Algeciras
1058:
1056:
1055:1st Algeciras
1053:
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470:
469:Piedra Pisada
467:
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455:
452:
450:
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445:
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440:
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435:
432:
430:
429:Aqbat al-Bakr
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
402:
401:
398:
397:3rd Barcelona
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
362:Valdejunquera
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
337:Day of Zamora
335:
334:
330:
329:
326:
325:2nd Barcelona
323:
321:
320:2nd Cellorigo
318:
316:
315:1st Cellorigo
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:Monte Laturce
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:1st Barcelona
263:
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258:
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197:
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53:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
37:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2033:
2013:
1990:
1982:
1954:
1932:
1874:
1870:Gualdim Pais
1826:
1823:
1811:
1803:
1787:
1763:
1751:
1729:
1727:
1637:Targa (1490)
1592:Ceuta (1419)
1587:Ceuta (1415)
1582:Ceuta (1182)
1520:Tomar (1190)
1495:Évora (1181)
1469:
1455:Évora (1165)
1425:Soure (1144)
1270:North Africa
1188:15th century
1076:14th century
980:4th Valencia
902:13th century
856:4th Santarém
816:3rd Santarém
815:
756:2nd Santarém
676:3rd Valencia
646:2nd Zaragoza
626:1st Santarém
561:2nd Valencia
555:12th century
519:1st Valencia
484:1st Zaragoza
403:11th century
387:Torrevicente
331:10th century
228:Orbieu River
223:Burbia River
193:
75:Belligerents
1858:keep towers
1754:Tagus river
1734:Reconquista
1612:Anfa (1468)
1555:Faro (1249)
1328:2nd Tangier
1313:1st Tangier
1172:2nd Montiel
1092:3rd Almería
1010:3rd Seville
938:2nd Majorca
841:2nd Seville
806:2nd Badajoz
786:2nd Almería
776:2nd Tortosa
746:1st Almería
731:1st Montiel
686:1st Badajoz
661:1st Granada
414:Calatañazor
342:1st Majorca
295:Guadalacete
270:1st Tortosa
259:9th century
207:8th century
195:Reconquista
2047:Categories
1916:References
1194:Collejares
1182:2nd Murcia
1147:Guadalmesí
1137:Río Salado
1035:1st Murcia
995:2nd Xàtiva
990:1st Xàtiva
886:2nd Silves
871:2nd Silves
866:1st Silves
781:2nd Lleida
766:5th Lisbon
726:4th Lisbon
656:1st Lleida
616:Candespina
611:6th Toledo
596:Formentera
586:3rd Lisbon
566:Mollerussa
549:5th Toledo
544:4th Toledo
524:2nd Lisbon
509:3rd Toledo
479:2nd Toledo
367:1st Toledo
310:Polvoraria
253:1st Lisbon
243:Río Quirós
238:Las Babias
1866:hoardings
1820:Aftermath
1814:Alcântara
1764:In 1169,
1308:4nd Ceuta
1298:3nd Ceuta
1291:2nd Ceuta
1286:1st Ceuta
1199:Antequera
1050:Andalusia
1030:3rd Jerez
1020:2nd Jerez
955:1st Jerez
928:Peníscola
896:Talamanca
851:2nd Évora
836:Calatrava
826:Tarragona
811:Juromenha
801:1st Évora
751:Al-Ludjdj
721:2nd Coria
701:1st Coria
636:Martorell
621:Vatalandi
539:Consuegra
459:Golpejera
444:Barbastro
382:Estercuel
213:Covadonga
1879:See also
1862:alambors
1850:Monsanto
1770:Afonso I
1758:Afonso I
1142:Estepona
1070:Iznalloz
1005:3rd Jaén
965:Burriana
950:2nd Jaén
923:1st Jaén
908:Al-Dāmūs
846:Abrantes
741:Albacete
716:Trancoso
591:Talavera
571:Balaguer
489:Sagrajas
454:Llantada
377:Simancas
372:Alhandic
305:Morcuera
275:Pancorbo
147:Strength
52:Santarém
47:Location
27:Part of
1854:Cardiga
1779:Córdoba
1748:History
1576:Morocco
1323:Melilla
1303:Tétouan
1162:Linuesa
1132:Getares
985:Algarve
975:El Puig
970:Córdoba
943:Portopí
891:Alarcos
796:Palmela
771:Sacavém
761:Sacavém
706:Ourique
666:Corbins
651:Cutanda
641:Coimbra
529:Alcoraz
474:Morella
449:Paterna
439:Coimbra
409:Cervera
290:Albelda
285:Clavijo
152:Unknown
1834:Pombal
1384:Iberia
1318:Asilah
1281:Strait
1244:Málaga
1239:Lucena
1167:Guadix
1065:Moclín
1045:Martos
831:Cuenca
696:Leiria
671:Alcalá
534:Bairén
494:Tudela
424:Albesa
248:Oviedo
63:Result
1846:Soure
1040:Écija
876:Tomar
861:Alvor
736:Soure
711:Oreja
691:Fraga
681:Aceca
601:Ibiza
576:Uclés
504:Aledo
499:Tévar
464:Cabra
434:Graus
392:Rueda
233:Lutos
1864:and
1852:and
1832:and
1768:and
1728:The
1276:Salé
1112:Teba
1015:Faro
1000:Biar
960:Ares
419:Torà
42:1171
39:Date
2049::
2021:^
1999:^
1962:^
1940:^
1924:^
1860:,
1848:,
54:,
1362:e
1355:t
1348:v
184:e
177:t
170:v
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