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engaged in the siege were few. While at one time the Boer troops numbered over 8,000 and more artillery was briefly brought up, most of these were merely moving through the siege camp. The Boers were able to take control of the railway and roads just outside the town and used the siege camp as a staging post. Baden-Powell remained invested in the town despite repeated orders and, for most of the time until he ate his own horses, having the capacity to break out. But he would still have needed a base from which to operate. With few soldiers, no modern artillery and little risk, the defenders kept as many as 8,000 Boers from deploying to other war fronts in Natal and the Orange Free State. Some authors believe that this has been overattributed to cunning deceptions instituted by Baden-Powell. Fake
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so many supplies and allow himself to be besieged and had made no effort to break out and had overstated the number of Boer forces tied up while in fact tying up considerably more
British forces. For Baden-Powell, and in the British media, the siege was thought of as a victory, but for the more practical Boers it had been a strategic success. For no significant achievement, the townspeople and garrison suffered 212 killed and over 600 wounded. For the British Army commanders, it was a distraction and nuisance and, after Baden-Powell's further poor combat performance in completely abandoning the mostly Rhodesian soldiers and
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644:– and because of its status as a local administrative centre. Also, the town had good stocks of food and other necessities. However, Mafeking was isolated, exposed and close to Boer-controlled areas. Baden-Powell, whose orders were to command a highly mobile field force of cavalry, chose to immobilise half his force to hold Mafeking against a Boer attack. Many of Baden-Powell's recruits were untrained and he was aware of the Boers' greatly superior numbers,
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787:, the Boers decided that the town was too heavily defended to take. On 19 November 1899, 4,000 Boers were redeployed elsewhere, although the siege remained and shelling of Mafeking continued. Aware of the approaching British relief columns, the Boers launched a final major attack early in the morning of 12 May that succeeded in breaching the perimeter defences and setting fire to some of the town, but were finally beaten back.
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route. Snyman, "the most stolid and supine of all the Boer generals in the war", failed to support Eloff. Meanwhile, the elaborate telephone network of the town defences provided timely and accurate information. Major Alick Godley and B Squadron (Protectorate
Regiment) were sent to smother the attack and along with D Squadron, some armed railway employees and others. Eloff's men were soon isolated into three groups.
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agreed to this, but the printer, not wishing to encroach on the Royal Mail's prerogative, decided to use a picture of the
Commanding Officer, Baden-Powell, instead of that of Queen Victoria. This was the first occasion where a non-royal's picture was used on a British postage stamp. Two stamps were issued,
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However, the remaining stores that Baden-Powell had amassed in
Mafeking were so great that they were able to re-supply Mahon's force and operations in the area for some time. While a sorely needed publicity victory for the British, the British commanders believed Baden-Powell had been foolish to risk
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to where it enters the stadt, the village where the native
Africans lived. Eloff's party burst into the stadt unopposed and set fire to the huts in order to signal the attack's progress to Snyman. By about 5:30 a.m., the Boers seized the police barracks on the outskirts of Mafeking, killing one
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The forces defending
Mafeking totalled about 2,000, including the Protectorate Regiment of about 500 men, about 300 from the Bechuanaland Rifles and the Cape Police and a further 300 men from the town. The British garrison armed 300 African natives with rifles, these were nicknamed the "Black Watch"
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and issued in denominations of one-, two-, three- and 10-shilling coupons as well as £1 notes, of which 620 were printed. The intention was that, after the siege was over, these could be exchanged for genuine currency, but in practice few were; most were kept as souvenirs. The printer believed that
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Like the
British government, politicians in South Africa feared that increased military activity might provoke a Boer attack, so the British officers were provided with rifles and ammunition, but no artillery or horses – in those days, generally regarded as quite important for a mobile column. They
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One curious factor that was unexpected was that the Post Office ran out of stamps, and there was a shortage of bank notes for the people to use in everyday dealings. The
Postmaster suggested to Baden-Powell that he commission the local printer to print stamps, for use within the town. Baden-Powell
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Until reinforcements landed in
February 1900, the war was going poorly for the British. The resistance to the siege was seen as one of the positive highlights in the media, and it and the eventual relief of the town excited the liveliest sympathy in Britain. There were immense celebrations in the
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and decided that the best way to tie down Boer troops would be through defence rather than attack. In August 1899, Baden-Powell started recruiting (in secret, to avoid negative political effects) and many of his recruits were untrained, many had never ridden before, so were unsuited for a "mobile
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The fire had, however, already alerted
Mafeking's garrison, which responded rapidly to the crisis. The African police (of the Barolong tribe) had wisely stayed out of the way when Eloff's party roared through the stadt. As soon as the Boers moved on, the 109 armed Barolong cut off Eloff's escape
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Mark IV rifle, sent up the rail line in a daring attack right into the heart of the Boer camp, followed by a return to Mafeking. However, the casualties made this Baden-Powell's only attempt at such an attack and, again, it raised questions as to why Baden-Powell did not mount a break-out. Often
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Although usually considerably outnumbered by Boer troops, the garrison withstood the siege for 217 days, defying the predictions of the politicians on both sides. In reality, the Boers risked little to tie up Baden-Powell's force and stores and for most of the time the number of Boers actively
780:(in command after Cronje departed) were offended, and he threatened to fire upon the players if they continued. Eventually Snyman relented and even invited the British to a game. Baden-Powell replied that first he had to finish the present match, in which the score was "200 days, not out"!
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S. Eloff led a force of 240 Boers in a daring assault on Mafeking. Covered by a feint attack on the east side of the town, the attackers slipped between the Hidden Hollow and Limestone forts on the western face of the defences. Guided by a British deserter, they followed a path beside the
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decided to obtain many of their own stores, organise their own transport and recruit in secret. Although the two regiments were raised in Rhodesia, Baden-Powell chose Mafeking to store supplies for his forces due to its location – both near the border and on the railway between
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The morale of the civilian population was given attention, and Sunday ceasefires were negotiated so that sports, competitions and theatrical performances could be held. Notable were the cricket matches held on a Sunday. Initially, the religious sensibilities of General
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and they mostly managed to escape. All day long, Eloff and the third group held out in the police barracks, finally capitulating in the night. The British lost 12 dead and 8 wounded, mostly Africans. Boer losses were 60 dead and wounded, plus a further 108 captured.
854:"Baden-Powell is a wonderfully able scout and quick at sketches. I do not know another who could have done the work at Mafeking if the same conditions had been imposed. All the bits of knowledge he studiously gathered have been utilized in saving that community."
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was built in Mafeking's railway workshops, and even an old cannon (dated 1770, it coincidentally had "B.P. & Co." engraved on the barrel) was pressed into service. Noticing that the Boers had failed to remove any of the rails, the British commanders had an
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were laid around the town in view of the Boers and their spies within the town, and his soldiers were ordered to simulate avoiding barbed wire (non-existent) when moving between trenches; guns and a searchlight (improvised from an
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and capturing the garrison's second-in-command, Colonel C. O. Hore and 29 others. Eloff picked up the telephone connected with the British garrison headquarters and boasted to Baden-Powell of his success.
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Each note has the facsimile signatures of Robert Urry, the manager of the Mafeking branch of the Standard Bank of South Africa. and Captain Herbert Greener, Chief Paymaster of the
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Similarly, to ease the problems caused by the lack of genuine banknotes, in late 1899 Baden-Powell authorised the issue of siege banknotes. Made by Townshend & Son, Printers (
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Work to build defences around the 6-mile (10 km) perimeter of Mafeking started on 19 September 1899; the town would eventually be equipped with an extensive network of
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column". His forces that remained outside the besieged town were well trained, had their own horses, and they performed remarkably well in their intended mobile role.
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perhaps only 20 would be cashed in, making a £600 profit for the Imperial exchequer. They currently sell for around £1500 each but are rarely sold.
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from the place-name (meaning to celebrate both extravagantly and publicly). Promoted to the youngest major-general in the army, and awarded the
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The Relief of Mafeking: How it was Accomplished by Mahon's Flying Column, with an Account of Some Earlier Episodes in the Boer War of 1899–1900
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of boys aged 12 to 15 who acted as messengers and orderlies and released men to fight (later claimed to be one of the inspirations for the
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British soldiers had to dress as women just to undertake normal activities such as fetching water and sewing to deceive the enemy.
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592:(the lifting of the siege), while of little military significance, was a morale boost for the struggling British.
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a one-penny, with a photograph of Cadet Sgt. Major Goodyear on a bicycle, designed by Dr W. A. Hayes, and
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of some 2,000 British soldiers, including many South African volunteers from Kimberley, commanded by
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in the stadt. These men surrendered after a sharp fusillade. Godley drove the second group off a
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624:. Their aims were to maintain a mobile cavalry force on the frontier with the Boer republics of
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country at the news of its relief, described humorously as 'mafficking' and creating the verb
1544:"Robert Baden-Powell: Defender of Mafeking and Founder of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides"
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on 16 October after the British commanders ignored Cronje's 9 o’clock deadline to surrender.
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were cut the same day, and the town began to be besieged from 13 October. Mafeking was first
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a threepenny, with a photograph of Baden-Powell by Mr Ross, designed by Capt. H. Greener
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959:, Baden-Powell was also treated as a hero when he finally returned to Britain in 1903.
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1707:– Shirley Temple film which briefly depicts celebration after the relief of Mafeking.
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and used to guard the perimeter. Prior to the siege, Lord Edward Cecil formed the
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With two squadrons, Godley first surrounded a group of Boers holed up in a stone
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The siege established Baden-Powell as a celebrity in Britain, and when he wrote
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after two of the main characters depart with the infantry to relieve Mafeking.
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from October 1899 to May 1900. The siege received considerable attention as
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were awarded as a result of acts of heroism during the siege, to Sergeant
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Picture from The Graphic of Boers firing from their trenches at the siege
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at Mafeking bearing the names of those who fell in defence of the town.
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Johnny Walker's site on the Siege of Mafeking, with links to his books
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from the Mafeking railyard loaded with sharpshooters, armed with the
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National Army Museum – Combat Cricketers – Sport of Army and Empire
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became the first female war correspondent, reporting from Mafeking
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was a 217-day siege battle for the town of Mafeking (now called
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1505:"The South African War: The lifting of the siege of Mafeking"
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1318:(4). International Scouting Collectors’ Association: 30–33.
1617:, ed. Peter Warwick and S.B. Spies (Harlow, 1980) 150–155.
1310:
Scott, David C. (December 2008). "The Siege of Mafeking".
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1343:, Jon Latimer, London: John Murray, 2001, pp. 32–35.
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in 1908, his fame contributed to the rapid growth of the
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declared war on 12 October 1899. Under orders of General
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Diary of the siege of Mafeking, October 1899 to May 1900
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Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues
1650:
Mafeking Diary: A Black Man's View of a White Man's War
1365:"British Museum coins: Money and the siege of Mafeking"
1237:"For the honour of Scouter, Lt Gen Robert Baden-Powell"
1312:
International Scouting Collector's Association Journal
974:, Baden-Powell was removed from any combat command.
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The siege was finally lifted on 17 May 1900, when a
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584:. The siege turned the British commander, Colonel
45:British Troops repelling a Boer attack at Mafeking
926:, relieved the town after fighting their way in.
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1059:Detail panel 3 – British Sth Africa Police, etc.
1608:The Boy: Baden-Powell and the Siege of Mafeking
616:, accompanied by a handful of officers, to the
740:The Boer "Long Tom" in action during the siege
620:to raise two regiments of mounted rifles from
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203:
1693:− The first half hour of the Oscar-winning
1613:Willan, Brian. "The Siege of Mafeking." in
1448:(11 ed.). Krause. pp. 1053–1054.
1329:The Siege of Mafeking: A Timeline of Events
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1047:Detail panel 2 – Bechuanaland Rifles, etc.
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1687:'s poem and a brief history of the siege.
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1071:Detail panel 4 – Protectorate Regt. pt. 2
898:. Redemption of the notes ended in 1908.
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1035:Detail panel 1 – Protectorate Regt. pt.1
997:for Game Tree and two previous actions.
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861:Siege of Mafeking Abandoned by the Boers
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689:currency issued by authority of Colonel
685:Siege of Mafeking, 10 Shillings (1900),
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1676:Trooper William Fuller's Mafeking diary
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648:tactics and the failure of the earlier
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1558:from the original on 19 September 2011
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989:for acts during an attack on the Boer
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867:, the American scout, interviewed by
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1681:McGonagall on the Relief of Mafeking
1303:
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1084:South African War Memorial (Halifax)
942:, celebrating the relief of Mafeking
1606:Hopkins, Pat, and Heather Dugmore.
1159:
886:printing, notes were backed by the
600:Shortly before the outbreak of the
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13:
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14:
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1552:National Portrait Gallery, London
1421:South Africa, Mafeking 10/-, 1900
1285:. New York: Avon Books. pp.
1137:Military history of South Africa
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709:and gun emplacements. President
677:Mafeking Cadets during the siege
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16:Siege during the Second Boer War
1672:Original reports from The Times
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59:(7 months and 4 days)
1746:Battles of the Second Boer War
1507:. South African History Online
1442:Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2009).
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1334:
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1229:
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1:
1766:Sieges of the Second Boer War
1659:(Van Riebeeck Society, 1980).
1483:Mentions in despatches – Army
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1023:Overall view Mafeking Obelisk
888:Standard Bank of South Africa
783:As in the case of the nearby
57:13 October 1899 – 17 May 1900
1601:Mafeking: a Victorian legend
1586:. 6 July 1900. p. 4196.
1469:The 1899-1900 Mafeking Siege
1088:Province House (Nova Scotia)
938:British people in a park in
929:
806:On 12 May, at about 4 a.m.,
802:: Racing after a spent shell
608:, Commander-in-Chief of the
588:, into a national hero. The
7:
1223:Mafeking a Victorian legend
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896:British South Africa Police
10:
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1624:(The History Press, 2014).
1622:Battle Story Mafeking 1900
1610:(New Holland Books, 1999).
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77:(present-day South Africa)
1277:Pakenham, Thomas (1979).
901:
865:Frederick Russell Burnham
519:
229:
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25:
1603:(London: Cassell, 1966).
1122:British military history
920:Prince Alexander of Teck
778:Jacobus Philippus Snyman
668:
155:Jacobus Philippus Snyman
1548:Past Exhibition Archive
1221:Gardner, Brian (1966).
1132:History of South Africa
1717:The Relief of Mafeking
1189:. London: Hutchinson.
943:
856:
803:
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715:South African Republic
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136:Commanders and leaders
130:South African Republic
1705:'The Little Princess'
1670:The Siege of Mafeking
1615:The South African War
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174:Casualties and losses
1741:1899 in South Africa
1331:at The History Press
995:Charles FitzClarence
659:Mafeking Cadet Corps
576:, a daughter of the
1771:October 1899 events
912:Colonel B. T. Mahon
836:Stamps and currency
691:Robert Baden-Powell
614:Robert Baden-Powell
586:Robert Baden-Powell
578:Duke of Marlborough
142:Robert Baden-Powell
1685:William McGonagall
1583:The London Gazette
1486:, angloboerwar.com
1225:. London: Cassell.
1185:Jeal, Tim (1989).
1110:Boy Scout Movement
1096:Hamilton MacCarthy
1012:Mafeking memorials
1000:In September 1904
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804:
785:siege of Kimberley
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590:Relief of Mafeking
513:Bechuanaland Front
361:Pretoria Offensive
1756:Conflicts in 1900
1751:Conflicts in 1899
1726:Project Gutenberg
1471:at tokencoins.com
1455:978-1-4402-0450-0
1404:at sandafayre.com
1392:at stampworld.com
1147:Lady Sarah Wilson
1105:Scouting for Boys
993:, and to Captain
630:Orange Free State
582:Winston Churchill
570:Lord Edward Cecil
554:siege of Mafeking
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26:Siege of Mafeking
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1631:(Methuen, 1900)
1599:Gardner, Brian.
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1627:Young, Filson.
1620:Yorke, Edmund.
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1594:Further reading
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1664:External links
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1371:. 1 April 2018
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991:Game Tree Fort
987:Horace Ramsden
953:back-formation
931:
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873:, 19 May 1900.
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1296:0-380-72001-9
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966:
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908:flying column
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797:
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773:
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769:Martini-Henry
766:
761:
757:
753:
748:
738:
734:
732:
728:
724:
721:the Mafeking
720:
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699:
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688:
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664:
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606:Lord Wolseley
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434:
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429:
427:
424:
422:
421:Middelfontein
419:
417:
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409:
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402:
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397:
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389:
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369:
367:
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362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:3rd Ladysmith
334:
332:
329:
325:
324:Bloody Sunday
322:
321:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:Magersfontein
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Willow Grange
272:
270:
267:
265:
264:2nd Ladysmith
262:
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259:1st Ladysmith
257:
255:
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56:
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52:
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42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
1722:Filson Young
1715:
1695:Best Picture
1656:
1649:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1547:
1538:
1526:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1499:
1488:, retrieved
1482:
1476:
1464:
1444:
1437:
1426:, retrieved
1420:
1397:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1281:The Boer War
1280:
1245:. Retrieved
1240:
1231:
1222:
1187:Baden-Powell
1186:
1103:
1101:
1004:unveiled an
1002:Lord Roberts
999:
990:
985:and Trooper
976:
972:Elands River
961:
948:
945:
924:Aide-de-camp
916:Lord Roberts
905:
893:
877:
868:
860:
857:
853:
839:
822:
818:
813:Molopo River
808:Field Cornet
805:
782:
774:
743:
713:of the Boer
704:
655:
650:Jameson Raid
634:
610:British Army
599:
589:
580:and aunt of
574:Sarah Wilson
562:South Africa
553:
551:
528:
466:Hart's River
436:Duivelskloof
411:Nooitgedacht
406:Leliefontein
401:Rhenosterkop
376:Diamond Hill
351:Sanna's Post
341:Poplar Grove
289:Modder River
254:Elandslaagte
238:
103:Belligerents
87:
18:
1691:'Cavalcade'
1646:Sol Plaatje
1578:"No. 27208"
791:Boer attack
756:biscuit tin
719:Piet Cronje
618:Cape Colony
564:during the
534:Faber's Put
451:Bakenlaagte
371:Faber's Put
346:Driefontein
314:Vaal Krantz
249:Talana Hill
151:Piet Cronjé
146:Bryan Mahon
73:Cape Colony
1735:Categories
1699:home front
1562:2 November
1154:References
965:Australian
949:to maffick
800:Frank Dadd
663:Boy Scouts
431:Groenkloof
396:Bothaville
319:Paardeberg
940:Stockport
930:Aftermath
870:The Times
754:lamp and
752:acetylene
747:landmines
642:Kimberley
626:Transvaal
604:in 1899,
539:Tweebosch
461:Tweebosch
391:Bergendal
309:Spion Kop
294:Stormberg
269:Chieveley
244:Kimberley
1761:Mahikeng
1556:Archived
1390:Mafeking
1142:Scouting
1116:See also
882:) using
880:Mafeking
760:howitzer
707:trenches
687:Boer War
646:commando
638:Bulawayo
628:and the
622:Rhodesia
558:Mahikeng
529:Mafeking
524:Kraaipan
456:Groenkop
416:Helvetia
381:Witpoort
366:Doornkop
239:Mafeking
234:Kraaipan
161:Strength
69:Mafikeng
64:Location
31:Part of
1724:, from
1527:Maffick
1511:15 June
1375:15 June
1287:424–425
1247:15 June
1006:obelisk
968:diggers
951:, as a
922:as his
884:woodcut
731:shelled
723:railway
596:Prelude
471:Rooiwal
304:Colenso
284:Graspan
279:Belmont
1633:online
1490:25 May
1452:
1428:25 May
1293:
1193:
1092:Canada
977:Three
902:Relief
711:Kruger
356:Boshof
127:
114:
84:Result
1720:, by
918:with
829:kopje
825:kraal
669:Siege
560:) in
182:2,000
169:8,000
166:1,500
1564:2010
1513:2022
1492:2015
1450:ISBN
1430:2015
1377:2022
1291:ISBN
1249:2022
1191:ISBN
725:and
640:and
552:The
54:Date
1532:OED
1530:at
1094:by
970:at
665:).
179:812
1737::
1683:–
1648:.
1580:.
1554:.
1550:.
1546:.
1409:^
1367:.
1314:.
1289:.
1257:^
1239:.
1205:^
1161:^
1112:.
1090:,
1086:,
957:CB
863:,
859:—
632:.
71:,
1652:.
1635:.
1566:.
1515:.
1458:.
1379:.
1316:8
1299:.
1251:.
1199:.
693:.
505:e
498:t
491:v
211:e
204:t
197:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
