32:
542:
474:
1772:
106:
533:, the existing Roman commander in Greece. After speaking with Lucullus, Sura handed over the command of his troops to Sulla. At Chaeronea, ambassadors from all the major cities of Greece (except Athens) met with Sulla, who impressed on them Rome's determination to drive Mithridates from Greece and Asia Province. Sulla then advanced on Athens.
587:
chronicles state that one of the people sent on such a sacking mission became afraid due to ominous voices having been heard upon entering the temple. Deciding not to continue sacking the temple, the soldier returned to Sulla, who ordered him back, stating that he had heard laughter because the gods would be pleased with his victory.
579:
starving. Inside the city, the population was reduced to eating shoe leather and grass. A delegation from Athens was sent to treat with Sulla, but instead of serious negotiations they expounded on the glory of their city. Sulla sent them away saying: “I was sent to Athens, not to take lessons, but to reduce rebels to obedience.”
578:
Once the outer wall was taken, Sulla discovered that
Archelaus had built more walls inside the city. Despite the complete encirclement of Athens and its port, and several attempts by Archelaus to raise the siege, a stalemate developed. Roman attention was temporarily shifted towards Athens, which was
594:
grew less popular by the day. Greek deserters informed Sulla that
Aristion was neglecting the Heptachalcum (part of the city wall). Sulla immediately sent sappers to undermine the wall. Nine hundred feet of wall was brought down between the Sacred and Piraeic gates on the southwest side of the city.
569:
to raise a fleet from the remaining Roman allies in the eastern
Mediterranean to deal with the Pontic navy. The first attack on the city was entirely repulsed, so Sulla decided to build huge earthworks. Wood was also needed, so he cut down everything, including the sacred groves of Greece, up to 100
586:
party who had not been killed. With his political enemies having taken power in Rome, Sulla realized that the money and reinforcements he believed were coming to bolster his forces could no longer be counted on. Thus, Sulla ordered the sacking of every temple and religious site in the vicinity. The
598:
On 1 March 86 BC, after five months under siege, a midnight sack of Athens began. After
Aristion's taunts, Sulla was not in a mood to be magnanimous. Blood was said to have literally flowed in the streets, it was only after the entreaties of a couple of his Greek friends (Midias and Calliphon) and
611:. In any case, Sulla, not having a navy, was powerless to stop the escape of Archelaus, who was able to rejoin his relief army. Sulla then advanced into Boeotia to take on Archelaus's armies and remove them from Greece. Before leaving the area however, he burnt the city of Piraeus to the ground.
606:
At the same time, Archelaus abandoned the city of
Piraeus and concentrated his forces in the city's citadel. Sulla, in a bid to stop an escape by Archelaus, who would surely join his reinforcement army sent by Mithridates VI elsewhere in Greece, left the taking of the Acropolis to
561:
took up the main defense of Athens. The sea defense was considerably easier as a Pontic fleet dominated the nearby sea, facilitating reinforcement and replenishment whenever necessary. Furthermore, Piraeus already had ample supplies from the onset while Athens did not.
574:
alike. The currency minted from this treasure was to remain in circulation for centuries and prized for its quality. Siege works were built to facilitate the next attack which was eventually successful in taking the outer wall of
Piraeus.
649:
Sulla's army took Athens on the
Kalends of March, in the consulate of Marius and Cinna, February 12 86 BC. The siege of Athens was a long and brutal campaign, Sulla's rough battle hardened legions, veterans of the
614:
While
Aristion and his party were able to stave off the Roman attackers for some time, they eventually surrendered after their water ran out and they had heard of the Pontic defeat at the
549:
Sulla marched towards Athens and upon his arrival he encountered his first problem. The main outer wall that had surrounded the city, connecting the main city with its port at
2124:
509:
and before long, Mithridates VI had won over all the Greek city states who had previously been under Roman rule. In the spring of 87 BC Roman forces under Sulla landed at
289:
599:
the pleas of the Roman
Senators in his camp that Sulla decided enough was enough. After setting fire to large portions of the city, Aristion and his forces fled to the
1597:
582:
Soon Sulla's camp was to fill with refugees from Rome, fleeing the massacres of Marius and Cinna. These also included his wife and children, as well as those of the
553:, was in ruins. As such, Sulla was forced to conduct two separate sieges, throwing up siege works surrounding both Athens and its port Piraeus. A force commanded by
1592:
1537:
381:
1027:
1554:
1699:
971:
654:
thoroughly devastated the city. Athens had chosen the wrong side in this struggle, portrayed as a war of Greek freedom against Roman domination.
565:
Sulla decided to first concentrate his attacks on
Piraeus, seeing as without its port, there was no way that Athens could be resupplied. He sent
282:
1225:
1202:
1134:
1111:
1075:
1049:
2240:
932:
813:
782:
2260:
1811:
374:
275:
706:
We do not know if Sulla's legions were at full strength, we do know that at the subsequent Battle of Chaeronea Sulla commanded 17,000
2270:
2265:
1602:
1119:
Hoff, M.C. (1997). "Laceratae Athenae. Sulla's Siege of Athens in 87/6 B.C. and its Aftermath". In Hoff, M.C.; Rotroff, S.I. (eds.).
501:, caused war between Rome and Pontus. Allegedly, up to 80,000 Roman citizens were massacred. Asia was then occupied by the forces of
1628:
2067:
1959:
1820:
2114:
1828:
1530:
367:
186:
190:
2153:
2250:
608:
75:
53:
46:
2200:
2188:
1804:
1187:
Ruggeri, C. (2006). "Silla e la conquista di Atene nell' 86 a.C.". In Amann, P.; Pedrazzi, M.; Taeuber, H. (eds.).
1010:
20:
657:
It was punished severely, a show of vengeance that ensured Greece would remain docile during later civil wars and
1517:
1480:
1354:
554:
506:
456:
200:
996:
904:
884:
864:
762:
724:
1475:
1143:
957:
1858:
435:
that took place from autumn of 87 BC to the spring of 86 BC. The battle was fought between the forces of the
2280:
1672:
675:
440:
2183:
1797:
1623:
1437:
627:
615:
338:
1485:
1006:
740:
525:. Sulla moved southeast, picking up supplies and reinforcements as he went. Sulla’s chief of staff was
313:
2275:
2255:
2235:
2158:
2141:
1883:
1564:
1523:
1404:
977:
651:
343:
2168:
2134:
2087:
1838:
1269:
635:
502:
482:
323:
40:
938:
819:
788:
2173:
2072:
1863:
1843:
1753:
1735:
1607:
1505:
328:
1317:
2178:
2050:
1949:
1711:
1465:
1408:
1388:
1301:
840:
410:
318:
57:
1189:
Italo-Tusco-Romana. Festschrift für Luciana Aigner-Foresti zum 70. Geburtstag am 30. Juli 2006
2230:
2163:
2077:
2055:
2045:
1942:
1932:
1890:
1868:
1747:
1587:
1424:
1414:
670:
643:
468:
432:
415:
405:
299:
97:
2035:
1937:
1927:
1853:
1470:
1457:
1442:
809:
778:
631:
348:
8:
1723:
1510:
1398:
1347:
570:
miles from Athens' main town. When more money was needed he “borrowed” from temples and
2016:
1848:
1666:
1447:
1250:
1219:
1212:
Sulla, the Elites and the Empire. A Study of Roman Policies in Italy and the Greek East
1196:
1163:
1128:
1105:
1069:
1057:
1043:
639:
2029:
2021:
2011:
1917:
1654:
1254:
1167:
1098:
Lucius Cornelius Sulla in der antiken Erinnerung. Jener Mörder, der sich Felix nannte
486:
444:
162:
1175:
844:
2129:
2040:
1964:
1905:
1638:
1242:
1155:
658:
448:
391:
166:
2220:
2146:
1984:
1922:
1910:
1900:
1742:
1633:
498:
1246:
2245:
2225:
2093:
1996:
1969:
1777:
1694:
1559:
1384:
1340:
436:
157:
1159:
541:
2214:
2104:
2082:
1979:
1974:
1718:
1705:
530:
494:
231:
603:, where they had gathered a store of supplies over the preceding few weeks.
2099:
2006:
2001:
1954:
1873:
1394:
1285:
2062:
1991:
1878:
1730:
473:
267:
1895:
510:
1789:
1660:
976:. Translated by Baker, George. University of Adelaide. Archived from
600:
992:
900:
880:
860:
758:
720:
591:
583:
566:
558:
526:
522:
490:
452:
359:
210:
182:
110:
Map of the Athenian city wall encompassing both Athens and Piraeus.
550:
514:
953:
928:
518:
131:
105:
1363:
571:
178:
122:
Autumn 87 BC – 1 March 86 BC (Athens), Spring 86 BC (Piraeus)
1015:. Translated by Shipley, Frederick W. penelope.uchicago.edu.
529:, who went ahead of him to scout the way and negotiate with
967:
1001:. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. penelope.uchicago.edu.
937:. Translated by White, Horace. Livius.org. Archived from
451:
on the other. The Greek Pontian forces were commanded by
1332:
618:. They were all executed shortly after their surrender.
1302:"The Siege of Athens (Autumn del 87 BC-Summer 86 BC)"
493:, an ally of Rome, coupled with the assassination of
1233:
Thein, A. (2014). "Reflecting on Sulla's Clemency".
962:. Translated by Forster, E.S. penelope.uchicago.edu.
745:
Historiae Romanae ad M. Vinicium Libri Duo, II, 23.3
1318:"The Siege of Piraeus (Autumn 87 BC-Spring 86 BC)"
808:
777:
2212:
477:Asia Minor just before the First Mithridatic War
1083:Dowling, M.B. (2000). "The Clemency of Sulla".
739:
695:Mithridates the Great, Rome's Indomitable Enemy
1805:
1348:
557:defended Piraeus whilst another commanded by
375:
283:
2189:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
839:
521:, ruled by a Mithridatic puppet; the tyrant
1812:
1798:
1355:
1341:
1224:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1048:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
638:finally got together in 85 BC to sign the
382:
368:
290:
276:
1286:"The First Mithridatic War (88 BC-84 BC)"
1144:"Sulla and the Invention of Roman Athens"
1026:
297:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1174:
1062:Storia di Roma. 1. Dalle origini ad Azio
1005:
991:
590:With Athens on the verge of starvation,
540:
472:
39:This article includes a list of general
1960:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
1186:
1082:
921:
443:on the one hand, and the forces of the
2213:
1819:
1095:
1056:
1012:Velleius Paterculus: The Roman History
952:
927:
899:
879:
859:
757:
719:
203:(commanding the defenders of Piraeus)
1793:
1531:Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis
1336:
1270:"First Mithridatic War (89 BC-85 BC)"
1232:
846:Periochae Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 78.1
697:, p. 55; Tom Holland, Rubicon, p. 69.
626:After routing the Pontic army at the
462:
363:
271:
2241:1st century BC in the Roman Republic
2068:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
1141:
1118:
1032:Mitridate, il nemico mortale di Roma
966:
389:
25:
2261:Sieges involving the Roman Republic
630:, Sulla had another victory at the
13:
818:. Rome. p. 22. Archived from
787:. Rome. p. 22. Archived from
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
19:For similarly titled battles, see
14:
2292:
1262:
1020:
609:Gaius Scribonius Curio Burbulieus
2271:Sieges of the Hellenistic period
2266:Battles involving ancient Athens
2201:Military history of ancient Rome
1771:
1770:
1036:Il Giornale - Biblioteca storica
959:Florus: Epitome of Roman History
104:
30:
2184:Civil wars of the Third Century
1009:(2018). Thayer, William (ed.).
995:(2012). Thayer, William (ed.).
956:(2018). Thayer, William (ed.).
931:(1995). Lendering, Jona (ed.).
916:
893:
873:
621:
853:
833:
802:
771:
751:
733:
713:
700:
687:
634:the following year. Sulla and
1:
681:
545:The final phase of the siege.
213:(in command of Athens itself)
934:Appian, The Mithridatic Wars
676:Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
441:Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
7:
1247:10.25162/historia-2014-0009
1191:. Vienna. pp. 315–324.
901:Plutarchus, Lucius Mestrius
881:Plutarchus, Lucius Mestrius
861:Plutarchus, Lucius Mestrius
759:Plutarchus, Lucius Mestrius
741:Velleius Paterculus, Marcus
721:Plutarchus, Lucius Mestrius
664:
517:. Sulla’s first target was
429:siege of Athens and Piraeus
234:(17,000–24,000 legionaires)
91:Siege of Athens and Piraeus
10:
2297:
1121:The Romanization of Athens
466:
18:
2197:
2142:Roman conquest of Britain
2113:
1827:
1765:
1686:
1647:
1616:
1580:
1573:
1565:Temple of Hercules Custos
1547:
1524:Lex Cornelia de maiestate
1498:
1456:
1423:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1160:10.1163/1568525X-12342370
1142:Kuin, Inger N.I. (2018).
1123:. Oxford. pp. 33–51.
401:
309:
243:
217:
172:
151:
114:
103:
95:
90:
2251:1st century BC in Greece
636:Mithridates VI of Pontus
567:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
536:
503:Mithridates VI of Pontus
483:Mithridates VI of Pontus
183:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
1839:Roman conquest of Italy
1210:Santangelo, F. (2007).
841:Livius Patavinus, Titus
60:more precise citations.
1518:Constitutional reforms
1064:(in Italian). Bologna.
546:
478:
191:Lucius Licinius Murena
187:Gaius Scribonius Curio
179:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
173:Commanders and leaders
2169:Domitian's Dacian War
2088:Liberators' civil war
1749:The First Man in Rome
1425:First Mithridatic War
909:. Book 14. p. 7.
889:. Book 14. p. 6.
869:. Book 14. p. 7.
810:Appianus Alexandrinus
779:Appianus Alexandrinus
767:. Book 12. p. 1.
729:. Book 12. p. 2.
671:First Mithridatic War
644:First Mithridatic War
544:
505:under the command of
476:
469:First Mithridatic War
433:First Mithridatic War
301:First Mithridatic War
244:Casualties and losses
98:First Mithridatic War
2174:Trajan's Dacian Wars
1859:Roman–Hernician wars
1538:Lex Cornelia annalis
1499:Legislative activity
1038:. Milan. p. 49.
922:Contemporary sources
632:Battle of Orchomenus
2281:Massacres in Greece
2073:Roman–Parthian Wars
1864:Roman–Volscian wars
1844:Roman–Etruscan Wars
1288:. Roman-Empire.info
1180:La conquête romaine
1096:Eckert, A. (2016).
1028:Antonelli, Giuseppe
973:The History of Rome
815:The Mithridatic War
784:The Mithridatic War
628:Battle of Chaeronea
616:Battle of Chaeronea
491:Kingdom of Bithynia
449:Athenian City-State
431:was a siege of the
197:Commander-in-chief:
167:Athenian City-State
2179:Roman–Persian Wars
2078:Caesar's civil war
1950:Roman–Seleucid war
1849:Roman-Aequian wars
1821:Ancient Roman wars
1448:Treaty of Dardanos
1320:. HistoryofWar.org
1304:. HistoryofWar.org
1272:. HistoryofWar.org
1100:. Berlin/New York.
640:Treaty of Dardanos
547:
485:, the king of the
479:
463:Historical context
334:Athens and Piraeus
236:20,000 auxiliaries
2208:
2207:
2164:Jewish–Roman wars
2036:Sulla's civil war
2030:Bellum Octavianum
1918:Illyro-Roman Wars
1891:Roman–Gallic wars
1869:Roman–Sabine wars
1787:
1786:
1682:
1681:
1494:
1493:
1034:(in Italian). in
998:The Life of Sulla
906:The Life of Sulla
886:The Life of Sulla
866:The Life of Sulla
849:(in Latin). Rome.
764:The Life of Sulla
726:The Life of Sulla
693:Philip Matyszak,
642:, concluding the
487:Kingdom of Pontus
445:Kingdom of Pontus
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423:
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163:Kingdom of Pontus
147:
146:
86:
85:
78:
2288:
2276:Sieges of Athens
2256:Mithridatic Wars
2236:80s BC conflicts
2130:Marcomannic Wars
2041:Mithridatic Wars
1965:Celtiberian Wars
1854:Roman–Latin wars
1814:
1807:
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1790:
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1639:Cornelia Postuma
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1577:
1555:Memoirs of Sulla
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1263:External links
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158:Roman Republic
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2125:Germanic wars
2123:
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2112:
2106:
2105:War of Actium
2103:
2101:
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2083:War of Mutina
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1980:Sertorian War
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1415:March on Rome
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1091:(3): 303–340.
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980:on 2019-08-10
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941:on 2015-11-16
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531:Bruttius Sura
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143:Roman victory
142:
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66:February 2017
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2231:Roman Athens
2199:
2154:Armenian War
2117:Roman Empire
2100:Perusine War
2092:
2028:
2007:Servile Wars
2002:Cimbrian War
1955:Galatian War
1874:Samnite Wars
1776:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1706:
1693:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1511:
1506:Proscription
1486:Colline Gate
1476:Sena Gallica
1466:Mount Tifata
1432:
1395:Cimbrian War
1322:. Retrieved
1306:. Retrieved
1290:. Retrieved
1274:. Retrieved
1238:
1234:
1211:
1188:
1182:(in French).
1179:
1151:
1147:
1120:
1097:
1088:
1084:
1061:
1035:
1031:
1011:
997:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
972:
958:
943:. Retrieved
939:the original
933:
917:Bibliography
905:
895:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
835:
824:. Retrieved
820:the original
814:
804:
793:. Retrieved
789:the original
783:
773:
763:
753:
744:
735:
725:
715:
707:
702:
694:
689:
656:
648:
625:
622:Consequences
613:
605:
597:
589:
581:
577:
564:
548:
480:
428:
426:
333:
319:Protopachium
314:River Amnias
256:200,000 dead
224:
223:
206:
196:
195:
152:Belligerents
96:Part of the
72:
63:
44:
2115:Wars of the
2063:Gallic Wars
1992:Achaean War
1879:Pyrrhic War
1829:Wars of the
1731:Lucio Silla
1673:Chrysogonus
1512:Lex Valeria
1471:Sacriportus
58:introducing
2215:Categories
2135:Gothic War
1896:Punic Wars
1884:Social War
1675:(freedman)
1669:(freedman)
1657:(mistress)
1443:Orchomenus
1405:Social War
984:2018-01-31
945:2020-03-26
826:2020-03-26
795:2020-03-26
682:References
652:Social War
511:Dyrrachium
349:Orchomenus
207:Commanders
41:references
1661:Metrobius
1655:Nicopolis
1458:Civil War
1438:Chaeronea
1399:Vercellae
1389:2nd Cirta
1324:8 January
1308:8 January
1292:8 January
1276:8 January
1255:159609145
1220:cite book
1214:. Leiden.
1197:cite book
1168:165670272
1148:Mnemosyne
1129:cite book
1106:cite book
1070:cite book
1044:cite book
601:Acropolis
555:Archelaus
507:Archelaus
489:into the
457:Archelaus
339:Chaeronea
201:Archelaus
1778:Category
1667:Epicadus
1624:Cornelia
1617:Children
1603:Caecilia
1235:Historia
1178:(1927).
1085:Historia
1060:(1997).
1030:(1992).
1007:Velleius
993:Plutarch
970:(2014).
665:See also
592:Aristion
584:Optimate
559:Aristion
527:Lucullus
523:Aristion
453:Aristion
447:and the
218:Strength
211:Aristion
134:, Greece
127:Location
1663:(lover)
1629:Faustus
1608:Valeria
1598:Cloelia
1481:Clusium
551:Piraeus
515:Illyria
497:in the
344:Tenedos
252:400,000
239:Unknown
54:improve
2221:80s BC
2051:Second
2017:Second
1943:Fourth
1933:Second
1906:Second
1736:Mozart
1712:Handel
1687:Legacy
1574:Family
1253:
1166:
954:Florus
929:Appian
708:Romans
572:Sibyls
519:Athens
411:Second
329:Rhodes
225:total:
140:Result
132:Athens
43:, but
2246:87 BC
2226:86 BC
2056:Third
2046:First
2022:Third
2012:First
1938:Third
1928:First
1911:Third
1901:First
1724:Graun
1719:Silla
1707:Silla
1700:Sulla
1648:Other
1593:Aelia
1588:Julia
1581:Wives
1548:Works
1364:Sulla
1251:S2CID
1164:S2CID
537:Siege
513:, in
416:Third
406:First
1409:Nola
1326:2011
1310:2011
1294:2011
1278:2011
1226:link
1203:link
1135:link
1112:link
1076:link
1050:link
968:Livy
455:and
427:The
119:Date
1243:doi
1156:doi
249:Low
2217::
1752:,
1249:.
1239:63
1237:.
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1137:)
1114:)
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1052:)
987:.
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747:.
710:.
383:e
376:t
369:v
291:e
284:t
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79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
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