1917:
1828:
1869:
309:
298:
279:
268:
182:
234:
223:
212:
201:
159:
54:
1686:, which "accidentally" capsized at the city gate. When French guards grabbed the nuts, the "peasants" produced pistols and overpowered the guards. One guard dropped the gates but it could not close because the "peasants" had unhitched a wagon filled with wood under it. The 500 hidden Spanish infantry and cavalry timed it perfectly to storm into the city. With barely any resistance the city was soon under Spanish control. The people of Amiens still have the
1963:. The King set off with an army 14,000 strong and the campaign that followed was a great success. He kept his promise of substantial rights that he had made during the Amiens siege. The rest of the war was almost a formality. While peace negotiations were being held with Philip, towns threw out the last League stalwarts and any supporting Spanish garrisons, who offered minimal resistance. Finally Mercœur gave in; his submission to Henry at
1731:
256:
245:
170:
1865:
the abbey of
Bettancourt, Albert attempted to throw a bridge over the river Somme below the village of Longpre but due to poor weather and rising waters he resolved to find another way. Eventually the southern bank was reached, but soon after the Spanish were driven back after having been battered by French artillery fire and were forced to withdraw to the other bank.
1853:, was able to convince Henry IV and Biron not to confront the huge relief army, but to remain in the entrenchments knowing they were outnumbered nearly two-to-one if in open battle. This strategy would be successful, and Mansfeld's force appeared six miles below Amiens on 18 September upon the banks of the Somme.
1864:
The
Archduke Albert had arrived the following day bringing in all troops he could muster, hoping to break the encirclement. On hearing of Mansfeld's difficulty, he immediately ordered a discharge of his whole artillery in order to make it known to the besieged that succour was at hand. After passing
2020:
was signed which would end the war between Spain and France. The treaty was highly beneficial to France—an ill and dying Philip recognized the formerly
Protestant Henry as King of France. In addition, Spanish-ruled towns were handed over to the French king under terms of the peace. Vervins was the
1879:
Another attack was planned for the next day, but on observing the French and
English force in the strengthened trenches, Albert decided not to risk further heavy losses. Although the relief army under Von Mansfeld and Albert had more numbers than the Anglo-French, their morale was low. After being
1788:
with 500 cavalry on the headquarters of
General Biron, seizing a fort which the French had built to defend the headquarters. After two hours of fighting, the Spaniards were driven out and were soon pursued by the French troops who almost made an entry into the city. The Spaniards were saved by the
1709:
valley. At the time a peace proposal was being made between France and Spain. Taking back Amiens would afford Henry a major bargaining position and ensure that peace was his ultimate objective. In effect the siege of Amiens would decide the war between France and Spain. However, money was short in
1928:
The cost for the
Spanish was high with over 5,000 being captured at Amiens which included many wounded and sick. The relief force had suffered nearly 2,000 casualties—again many to disease. As the surrendered troops marched past they pulled with them hundreds of carts loaded with dead and wounded
1987:
The victory at Amiens was celebrated as a huge victory; it marked a decisive turn in the road to Franco-Spanish peace as Spain, overextended and in severe financial difficulty, realized that it needed to abandon its war effort against France. In conjunction with
Spanish financial distress, its
1764:
This army cut off the provision lines from
Doullens and began to lay siege to the city. The Spanish were surprised by the speed of the French reaction, many civilians were chased from the city and Amiens prepared for a long siege. The French camp grew in size while still well provisioned. Two
1745:, to Amiens. In a form of high diplomacy, Henry gave the Huguenots hopes of substantial rights and he made sure to stick to that guarantee once the siege was over. This army soon began to expand from all over the kingdom but the main reinforcement was from the English. Via the
1669:
earlier in the year. He assigned 7,000 infantry and 700 cavalry to
Governor Porto Carrero. The plan was to hide 500 infantry and horsemen in small groups close to the city. The Governor sent sixteen men dressed as peasants into the city and divided them into three groups.
1710:
the French war chest and much dissent was caused amongst Henry's old
Huguenot allies, many of whom refused to join and wanted concessions now that he had become a Catholic. Henry relied heavily on outside resources, money and troops especially from the English. Queen
1560:
repeatedly failed to dislodge the besiegers and afterwards the Spanish relief force retreated. Amiens ultimately fell back into Henry's hands with the surrender of the entire Spanish force. As a result of the victory, Henry was in a strong position to enact the
1900:
Henry could now see the Spanish position was hopeless, and not long after the archduke's retreat he summoned Caraffa to surrender. Caraffa reluctantly agreed and negotiations for the surrender of the city began soon after. It was signed on 25 September.
1887:
The king immediately followed with the greater part of his army so that the Spaniards were constantly harassed but the Archduke avoided battle and withdrew quickly under the cover of darkness. The king then turned his attention back to the
1818:
The situation inside Amiens, however, was grim as the siege took its toll. Many troops suffered from disease and the lack of food. Caraffa in desperation sent out messengers to the Archduke Albert two of which managed to get through.
1954:
With the Picardy capital cleared of the Spanish, Henry was now in a good position to negotiate but in order to be in a stronger position he had to subdue the rest of France. The following year Henry thus launched a major campaign in
1609:
the year before to be crowned with popular support. From then on, the civil war began to turn against the hardliners of the Spanish-supported Catholic League, including two major royal French victories over the Spanish at
1856:
Von Mansfeld was the first to arrive, on 20 September, and he launched an immediate attack on the entrenched French camps and then the English camp but all were repelled, inflicting huge losses. In the latter attack,
483:
1959:, the last of the League holdouts. However, this was as much diplomatic as it was military. The aim was to win over the Protestants as well as the remaining rebel Catholics including the
1929:
while the Spanish officers saluted Henry. Amiens was then strongly garrisoned and given much stronger defences under the supervision of the French mathematician and military engineer
529:
1796:. Chichester would then replace the ill and dying Baskerville as the commander of the English forces in France. With this addition the English force totalled nearly 4,200 men.
392:
663:
547:
1936:
With the help of the two field hospitals, Henry's forces had suffered moderate losses which came to just over 600. As a result, the siege of Amiens became known as the
655:
667:
487:
703:
643:
1569:
which was signed with Spain the following spring. The siege was the last major military event in the Franco-Spanish War as well as the French Wars of Religion.
1650:
2000:) against England, coupled with the increasingly unsuccessful war against the Dutch, meant that Spain had too much to deal with. Mutinies in the garrisons of
568:
537:
533:
385:
1884:
and dissent in the ranks, the Archduke decided the situation was hopeless. He ordered the attack cancelled and decided to withdraw in good order.
1549:, after the surprise of the capture, immediately and quickly built up an army which included a large English force and besieged Amiens on 13 May.
3265:
737:
772:
422:
3270:
378:
696:
2318:
The History and Antiquities of the County of the Town of Carrickfergus, from the Earliest Records, to the Present Time: In Four Parts
1541:, between 13 May and 25 September 1597. The Spanish, who had sent a large army in March, had captured the city of Amiens easily in a
1841:
On 10 September, Caraffa was informed that two Spanish relief armies were under way: one under Archduke Albert and the other under
989:
984:
417:
1943:
The siege had strategic consequences: Albert's concentration on Amiens meant that the Spanish forces guarding the border with the
1858:
1792:
In mid-June Elizabeth sent more reinforcements from England with another 700 troops under Sir Arthur Chichester having landed at
260:
1766:
999:
3290:
767:
689:
1803:
on the south side of the city and in the assault Portocarrero was killed just before the French withdrew. He was succeeded by
3081:
952:
1960:
1808:
2645:
Volume 4 of Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reigns of Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth I and James I, 1547-1625
1842:
1553:
757:
509:
313:
732:
98:
2899:
Battlefield Medicine: A History of the Military Ambulance from the Napoleonic Wars Through World War I Medical Humanities
1389:
1075:
742:
3190:
2925:
1200:
1130:
1053:
1009:
41:
1657:, Amiens, by surprise. The Archduke agreed and saw the acquisition of Amiens as compensation for the recent defeat at
1642:
283:
3260:
3209:
3168:
3146:
3127:
3108:
3059:
3040:
3021:
2999:
2969:
2944:
2906:
2887:
2868:
2849:
2825:
2806:
2787:
2763:
1538:
1220:
1085:
828:
806:
713:
45:
3250:
1742:
863:
579:
238:
1730:
3255:
1705:
and by morning had donned his armour. The situation was now serious as the road now lay open to Paris across the
1557:
1350:
1270:
979:
868:
467:
272:
17:
1611:
1399:
639:
1601:, in 1592. However, only in 1595 was war officially declared between the two countries by the new French king,
1533:: Siège d'Amiens) was a siege and battle fought during the Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598), as part of both the
1444:
1215:
994:
890:
880:
791:
752:
601:
815:
3139:
The Dutch Wars of Independence: Warfare and Commerce in the Netherlands 1570-1680 Modern Wars In Perspective
1921:
1781:'s designs. The Spanish launched many attempts against the siege works but these were mainly unsuccessful.
1750:
1491:
1165:
1100:
947:
942:
858:
838:
782:
449:
249:
1439:
597:
2918:
Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century
2818:
Dynasty and Piety: Archduke Albert (1598-1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars
1365:
1105:
1004:
1741:
On 13 May Henry quickly brought an army of 4,000 French and Swiss infantry and 700 French cavalry under
1714:, after much dithering reluctantly agreed to the release of her troops after considering bargaining for
3275:
1619:
1330:
1325:
900:
647:
1678:
On the morning of 11 March, these men entered the Gate of Montrescu. The first group carried sacks of
438:
3033:
The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopaedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Volume 2
1658:
1501:
1375:
1340:
1310:
1305:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1260:
1160:
1115:
1110:
1048:
895:
848:
833:
2839:
2751:
2172:
2052:
2048:
1905:
1850:
1582:
1255:
1235:
1125:
801:
777:
471:
453:
227:
2339:
747:
501:
216:
3280:
1976:
1735:
1534:
1464:
1320:
1290:
1230:
1225:
1170:
915:
910:
796:
621:
554:
475:
402:
2587:
2777:
1746:
1631:
1474:
1345:
1150:
1095:
1043:
1014:
885:
853:
659:
3229:
2643:
2455:
3009:
2316:
1916:
1594:
1590:
1511:
1434:
1404:
1394:
1315:
1300:
1250:
1210:
1190:
1185:
905:
762:
593:
572:
426:
2497:
2416:
1940:. This was one of the first sieges or battles known where field hospitals were established.
1793:
1469:
1370:
1360:
1335:
1245:
1155:
1120:
1065:
925:
635:
625:
613:
497:
479:
8:
3183:
The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595-1603
1827:
1355:
1295:
1285:
1240:
1180:
1140:
2333:
1789:
arrival of 400 infantry who repulsed the French, which allowed them to close the gates.
1024:
3069:
1997:
1993:
1602:
1578:
1546:
1034:
1029:
205:
174:
2581:
1618:, in 1595. The Spanish rebounded with a strong campaign over the next year, capturing
3205:
3186:
3164:
3156:
3142:
3123:
3104:
3087:
3077:
3055:
3036:
3017:
2995:
2965:
2940:
2921:
2902:
2883:
2864:
2845:
2835:
2821:
2802:
2783:
2759:
1948:
1831:
Siege of Amiens 1597 showing the English positions (left) & French positions, by
1666:
1623:
1496:
1449:
1205:
1019:
651:
605:
560:
519:
505:
233:
222:
211:
200:
163:
158:
92:
61:
2861:
Henry IV and the Towns: The Pursuit of Legitimacy in French Urban Society, 1589–1610
2577:
2017:
1989:
1815:
and Henry mourned him greatly. This being a great blow to morale of french troops.
1804:
1687:
1662:
1566:
1506:
1424:
1145:
1135:
1080:
585:
564:
463:
302:
287:
138:
1868:
1861:, was wounded in the shoulder but was knighted by the French king for his valour.
3285:
3161:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
2980:
2773:
2521:
2296:
2230:
2176:
2151:
2102:
1972:
1832:
1598:
1562:
1530:
1459:
1454:
1384:
1195:
1175:
1090:
920:
843:
617:
609:
434:
430:
2031:
681:
2022:
1944:
1930:
1542:
1429:
1070:
970:
961:
930:
589:
186:
2232:
Memoirs of Henry the Great, and of the Court of France During His Reign: Vol 2
3244:
3178:
2954:
2044:
1749:, Elizabeth had sent 2,000 English troops to France under the command of Sir
1706:
113:
100:
3091:
1765:
hospitals were established and the army were financed at the expense of the
2298:
Foreign Envoys and Travelling Players in the Age of Shakespeare and Jonson
370:
53:
3068:
1873:
1711:
1701:
Henry, who had spent the winter in Paris, was awakened that night at the
2013:
1615:
2457:
The History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, Volume 1
2779:
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II
1967:
was completed on 20 March 1598. Henry then triumphantly marched into
1719:
1586:
2016:
added to Spain's problems. With this advantage, Henry made sure the
2982:
The Memoirs of the Duke of Sully: Prime-minister to Henry the Great
2026:
2001:
1956:
1812:
1758:
1715:
1646:
1581:
had intervened regularly in the Wars of Religion in favour of the
2005:
1889:
1800:
1770:
1654:
1627:
255:
244:
169:
88:
3074:
Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
2841:
Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494-1660
2712:
Noted by Michael Wolfe, reviewing Vidal and Pilleboue 1998, in
2009:
1968:
1964:
1881:
1846:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1702:
1679:
1635:
84:
2021:
final defeat of Philip II, and a sign of the long downfall of
1951:
to capture several cities in his celebrated campaign of 1597.
1761:
and most of them had fought at Turnhout earlier in the year.
1754:
1683:
1606:
308:
297:
278:
267:
181:
3120:
Henry IV of France and the Politics of Religion: 1572 - 1596
2047:, an English colonial magistrate who became governor of the
1880:
consistently repelled with heavy losses and with rumours of
2338:. Library of Catalonia: Brown, Green and Longman. p.
1605:, who had converted to Catholicism and been received into
1975:
on 13 April 1598 which effectively brought an end to the
3052:
Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age Henri IV of France
2937:
Europe, 1500-1600 Volume 2 - 1997 of Challenging history
2648:. Public Record Office: Longmans, & Roberts. 1869.
1651:
Archduke Albert, sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
1845:
consisting of over 25,000 men which included veteran
1552:
An attempted relief force sent under the command of
3016:. Princeton Paperbacks Princeton University Press.
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2433:
2431:
3076:. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company.
2235:. Harding, Triphook & Lepard. pp. 249–66.
1908:and reviewed the surrender of the Spanish forces.
1811:, the grand master of artillery, was killed by an
2104:A history of political and religious persecutions
711:
3242:
2858:
2576:
2561:
2428:
3202:Le Traité de Vervins Collection Roland Mousnier
2756:European Warfare, 1494-1660 Warfare and History
2519:
2310:
2308:
1777:, one of the first in siege warfare, preceding
2880:English Warfare, 1511-1642:Warfare and history
2418:La prise de Doullens par les Espagnols en 1595
1799:On 4 September, a French raiding party took a
697:
386:
3072:; Everingham, Kimball; Faris, David (2004).
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2366:
2364:
2314:
2305:
2301:. Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. pp. 19–20.
2121:
2119:
2117:
1784:On 22 May 1597, Portocarrero made a furious
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2204:
2202:
2200:
400:
3136:
3117:
3008:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2276:
2274:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2167:
2165:
2163:
1807:, Marquis of Montenegro. Four days later,
1757:. Most were veterans from the fighting in
1722:in money, the latter of which was agreed.
704:
690:
393:
379:
2796:
2599:
2597:
2523:Le siège d'Amiens en 1597 et les jésuites
2506:
2502:. the New York Public Library. p. 3.
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2392:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2190:
2188:
2181:. Edmonston and Douglas. pp. 285–87.
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2114:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2082:
1904:Henry granted the garrison an honourable
1673:
3014:Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588-1603
2618:
2611:
2609:
2464:
2399:
2354:
2352:
2294:
2283:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2197:
1915:
1867:
1826:
1729:
3177:
3098:
2815:
2772:
2652:
2545:
2533:
2495:
2482:
2414:
2271:
2239:
2228:
2160:
2149:
2100:
2038:
1859:Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester
14:
3266:Battles of the French Wars of Religion
3243:
3155:
2978:
2959:The French Wars of Religion 1559–1598.
2953:
2915:
2896:
2877:
2594:
2453:
2440:
2387:
2373:
2331:
2211:
2185:
2153:The Cambridge Modern History, Volume 3
2128:
2091:
2079:
1645:, the Spanish governor of the town of
3199:
3049:
3030:
2989:
2934:
2859:Finley-Croswhite, S. Annette (1999).
2834:
2750:
2606:
2349:
2257:
2171:
2025:and the gradual rise in the European
1753:with another 1,500 English raised in
685:
374:
1843:Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort
3271:Military history of Hauts-de-France
3230:"The Peace of Vervins (2 May 1598)"
2520:Badts de Cugnac, Albert de (1873).
1982:
1822:
1696:
24:
2782:. University of California Press.
2586:. Longmans, and Roberts. pp.
2526:. Lenoël-Herouart. pp. 15–33.
25:
3302:
3222:
2964:(2 ed.). New York: Longman.
1947:were left on their own, enabling
1920:Portrait of Maurice of Orange by
3118:Sutherland, Nicola Mary (2002).
2797:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002).
2107:. Oxford University. p. 73.
1992:, two costly failed armadas (in
1743:Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron
580:Succession of Henry IV of France
307:
296:
277:
266:
254:
243:
232:
221:
210:
199:
180:
168:
157:
52:
2744:
2732:
2723:
2720:.3 (Autumn 1999), pp. 839-840.
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2636:
2583:The History of France, Volume 3
2408:
2325:
2229:Ireland, William Henry (1824).
2156:. CUP Archive. pp. 673–79.
1872:Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld, by
1809:François d'Espinay de Saint-Luc
3234:Henri IV - An unfinished reign
3035:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2863:. Cambridge University Press.
2070:
1734:Archduke Albert of Austria by
632:Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598)
42:Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598)
13:
1:
3291:History of Somme (department)
2878:Fissel, Mark Charles (2001).
2714:The Sixteenth-Century Journal
2335:Antonio Perez & Philip II
2059:
2029:of France during the ensuing
1665:by Anglo-Dutch forces led by
1572:
1539:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
715:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
46:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
27:16th century battle in France
2064:
1922:Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt
1911:
1895:
1773:parallel and quasi-parallel
768:Cavendish's circumnavigation
7:
3185:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2985:. Edward Earle. J. Maxwell.
2460:. T. Tegg. pp. 526–28.
1643:Hernando Tello Portocarrero
962:Spanish Armada (1st Calais
727:Caribbean and South America
284:Hernando Tello Portocarrero
10:
3307:
3204:. Presses Paris Sorbonne.
3137:'tHart, Marjolein (2014).
3050:Pitts, Vincent J. (2012).
2979:Lennox, Charlotte (1817).
2961:Seminar Studies in History
2820:. shgate Publishing, Ltd.
2496:Winkles, Benjamin (1837).
2437:Finley-Croswhite pp. 81-83
2101:Garrido, Fernando (1876).
738:Drake's 1572-73 expedition
75:13 May – 25 September 1597
3031:Nolan, Cathal J. (2006).
2315:M'Skimin, Samuel (1811).
2295:Schrickx, Willem (1986).
2178:The Wars of the Huguenots
2150:Leathes, Stanley (1934).
2110:this success was decisive
1988:insolvency caused by the
1653:, to take the capital of
1060:Low Countries and Germany
723:
423:Conflict in the provinces
412:
354:
320:
192:
150:
67:
51:
39:
34:
3261:Sieges involving England
2992:The Reign of Elizabeth 1
2935:Jones, J. A. P. (1997).
2897:Haller, John S. (2011).
2738:Richardson et al, p. 280
2415:Demarsy, Arthur (1595).
2053:Cambridge, Massachusetts
2049:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1851:Charles, Duke of Mayenne
1725:
971:English Armada (Corunna
743:Drake's circumnavigation
363:2,000 killed or wounded,
3251:Sieges involving France
3200:Wolfe, Michael (2000).
3099:Stewart, Jules (2012).
2801:. Atlantic Publishers.
2454:Watson, Robert (1839).
2345:This event was decisive
1977:French Wars of Religion
1736:Juan Pantoja de la Cruz
1535:French Wars of Religion
555:War of the Three Henrys
404:French Wars of Religion
134:Franco-English victory
3256:Sieges involving Spain
3010:MacCaffrey, Wallace T.
2994:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2990:Levin, Carole (2001).
1925:
1876:
1835:
1738:
1674:Spanish capture Amiens
1589:, most notably in the
193:Commanders and leaders
58:Henry IV before Amiens
2916:Jaques, Tony (2006).
2816:Duerloo, Luc (2012).
2125:MacCaffrey pp. 207-08
1919:
1871:
1830:
1733:
1693:after this incident.
1649:, proposed a plan to
1595:siege of Rouen (1591)
1591:siege of Paris (1590)
1565:and to negotiate the
573:Day of the Barricades
360:600 killed or wounded
355:Casualties and losses
348:25,000 (Relief force)
2882:. Psychology Press.
2039:Notable participants
990:2nd Gibraltar Strait
985:1st Gibraltar Strait
881:Vila Franca do Campo
530:La Charité-sur-Loire
3122:. Intellect Books.
3101:Madrid: The History
3070:Richardson, Douglas
2920:. Greenwood Press.
1558:Archduke of Austria
1271:3rd Geertruidenberg
1221:2nd Geertruidenberg
1086:1st Geertruidenberg
864:2nd Puerto Caballos
792:1st Puerto Caballos
773:Spanish West Indies
484:Saint-Jean d'Angély
110: /
3157:Tucker, Spencer C.
2939:. Nelson Thornes.
2836:Duffy, Christopher
1926:
1877:
1836:
1751:Thomas Baskerville
1739:
1612:Fontaine-Française
1554:Ernst von Mansfeld
1547:Henry IV of France
640:Fontaine-Française
468:La Roche-l'Abeille
314:Ernst von Mansfeld
250:Thomas Baskerville
206:Henry IV of France
175:Kingdom of England
3276:Conflicts in 1597
3083:978-0-8063-1750-2
2955:Knecht, Robert J.
2799:History of Europe
2542:Wernham pg 194-96
2499:French cathedrals
2208:Knecht pp. 305-08
1949:Maurice of Orange
1667:Maurice of Nassau
1520:
1519:
679:
678:
494:Fourth; 1572–1573
446:Second; 1567–1568
369:
368:
365:5,000 surrendered
261:Arthur Chichester
164:Kingdom of France
146:
145:
93:Kingdom of France
62:Versailles Museum
16:(Redirected from
3298:
3237:
3218:
3215:
3196:
3174:
3152:
3133:
3114:
3095:
3065:
3046:
3027:
3005:
2986:
2975:
2950:
2931:
2912:
2893:
2874:
2855:
2831:
2812:
2793:
2774:Braudel, Fernand
2769:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2703:Sutherland p. 46
2701:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2650:
2649:
2640:
2634:
2633:Pitts pp. 202-03
2631:
2616:
2613:
2604:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2578:Eyre Evans Crowe
2574:
2559:
2556:
2543:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2517:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2480:
2479:Pitts pp. 200-01
2477:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2438:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:. pp. 8–16.
2412:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2385:
2382:
2371:
2368:
2359:
2356:
2347:
2343:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2281:
2278:
2269:
2266:
2255:
2252:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2209:
2206:
2195:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2126:
2123:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2089:
2086:
2077:
2074:
2018:Peace of Vervins
1990:capture of Cadiz
1983:Peace of Vervins
1823:Attempted relief
1805:Girolamo Caraffa
1697:Henry's reaction
1567:peace of Vervins
1502:Irish West Coast
1390:'s-Hertogenbosch
869:Santiago de Cuba
733:San Juan de UlĂşa
718:
716:
706:
699:
692:
683:
682:
516:Fifth; 1574–1576
460:Third; 1568–1570
418:First; 1562–1563
407:
405:
395:
388:
381:
372:
371:
312:
311:
303:Girolamo Caraffa
301:
300:
292:
282:
281:
271:
270:
259:
258:
248:
247:
237:
236:
226:
225:
215:
214:
204:
203:
185:
184:
173:
172:
162:
161:
139:Peace of Vervins
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
114:49.892°N 2.299°E
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
69:
68:
56:
32:
31:
21:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3241:
3240:
3228:
3225:
3216:
3212:
3193:
3171:
3149:
3130:
3111:
3084:
3062:
3043:
3024:
3002:
2972:
2947:
2928:
2909:
2890:
2871:
2852:
2828:
2809:
2790:
2766:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:Chaurasia p.141
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:Wolfe pp. 73-75
2666:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2575:
2562:
2557:
2546:
2541:
2534:
2528:
2518:
2507:
2494:
2483:
2478:
2465:
2452:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2332:Mignet (1846).
2330:
2326:
2313:
2306:
2293:
2284:
2279:
2272:
2267:
2258:
2254:Wolfe pp. 76-79
2253:
2240:
2227:
2212:
2207:
2198:
2194:Wolfe pp. 70-72
2193:
2186:
2170:
2161:
2148:
2129:
2124:
2115:
2099:
2092:
2088:Braudel pg 1218
2087:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2051:and founder of
2041:
1985:
1973:Edict of Nantes
1971:and issued the
1961:Duke of Mercœur
1914:
1898:
1833:Frans Hogenberg
1825:
1747:Triple Alliance
1728:
1699:
1676:
1599:Battle of Craon
1583:Catholic League
1575:
1563:Edict of Nantes
1527:siege of Amiens
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1440:Château-Laudran
1351:Schenckenschans
1030:Cape Finisterre
1000:Gulf of AlmerĂa
937:European waters
787:Bay of Honduras
719:
714:
712:
710:
680:
675:
634:
629:
598:Château-Laudran
584:
576:
559:
551:
546:
541:
528:
523:
518:
513:
496:
491:
462:
457:
448:
443:
421:
408:
403:
401:
399:
364:
340:
339:29,000 infantry
333:(4,200 English)
328:
327:12,000 infantry
306:
305:
295:
294:
288:
276:
275:
265:
253:
252:
242:
241:
231:
230:
228:Duke of Mayenne
220:
219:
209:
208:
198:
179:
167:
166:
156:
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
95:
59:
57:
35:Siege of Amiens
28:
23:
22:
18:Siege of Amiens
15:
12:
11:
5:
3304:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3281:1597 in France
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3239:
3238:
3224:
3223:External links
3221:
3220:
3219:
3210:
3197:
3192:978-0198204435
3191:
3179:Wernham, R. B.
3175:
3169:
3153:
3147:
3134:
3128:
3115:
3109:
3103:. I.B.Tauris.
3096:
3082:
3066:
3060:
3047:
3041:
3028:
3022:
3006:
3000:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2951:
2945:
2932:
2927:978-0313335365
2926:
2913:
2907:
2894:
2888:
2875:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2832:
2826:
2813:
2807:
2794:
2788:
2770:
2764:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2651:
2635:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2560:
2544:
2532:
2505:
2481:
2463:
2439:
2427:
2407:
2405:Knecht p.80-81
2398:
2386:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2324:
2304:
2282:
2280:Jacques pg. 45
2270:
2256:
2238:
2210:
2196:
2184:
2173:Hanna, William
2159:
2127:
2113:
2090:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2040:
2037:
2023:Habsburg Spain
1984:
1981:
1945:Dutch Republic
1913:
1910:
1897:
1894:
1824:
1821:
1727:
1724:
1698:
1695:
1675:
1672:
1574:
1571:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:3rd Rheinberg
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Bergen op Zoom
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
968:
959:
950:
945:
939:
938:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
876:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
813:
804:
799:
794:
789:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
728:
724:
721:
720:
709:
708:
701:
694:
686:
677:
676:
636:2nd Luxembourg
614:1st Luxembourg
442:
441:
413:
410:
409:
398:
397:
390:
383:
375:
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
352:
351:
350:
349:
346:
345:5,500 (Amiens)
341:3,000 cavalry
336:
335:
334:
329:3,000 cavalry
323:
322:
318:
317:
263:
195:
194:
190:
189:
177:
153:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
141:
131:
127:
126:
83:
81:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
49:
48:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3303:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3213:
3211:9782840501404
3207:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3170:9781851096725
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3148:9781317812548
3144:
3141:. Routledge.
3140:
3135:
3131:
3129:9781841507019
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3110:9781780762814
3106:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3061:9781421407142
3057:
3054:. JHU Press.
3053:
3048:
3044:
3042:9780313337338
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3023:9780691036519
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3001:9781403919397
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2971:0-582-28533-X
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2946:9780174350644
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2908:9780809387878
2904:
2901:. SIU Press.
2900:
2895:
2891:
2889:9780415214810
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2870:9781139425599
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2851:9781136607868
2847:
2844:. Routledge.
2843:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2827:9781409443759
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2808:9788126901555
2804:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2789:9780520203303
2785:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2765:9781134477081
2761:
2758:. Routledge.
2757:
2753:
2752:Black, Jeremy
2749:
2748:
2735:
2726:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2321:. p. 44.
2320:
2319:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2073:
2069:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:Thomas Dudley
2043:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:. The French
1768:
1767:Duke of Sully
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1691:walnut eaters
1689:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:2nd Rheinberg
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:2nd Coevorden
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:1st Coevorden
1264:
1262:
1261:2nd Steenwijk
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:1st Rheinberg
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:1st Steenwijk
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:Gulf of Cádiz
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:Bay of Biscay
1008:
1006:
1005:Barbary Coast
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
974:
969:
967:
965:
960:
958:
956:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
823:
819:
814:
812:
810:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
786:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:St. Augustine
761:
759:
756:
754:
753:Santo Domingo
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
726:
725:
722:
717:
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
688:
687:
684:
674:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
581:
575:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
556:
550:
549:
545:
544:Seventh; 1580
540:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
521:
517:
512:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
455:
451:
447:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
415:
414:
411:
406:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
376:
373:
362:
359:
358:
353:
347:
344:
343:
342:
337:
332:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
315:
310:
304:
299:
293:
291:
285:
280:
274:
269:
264:
262:
257:
251:
246:
240:
239:Duke of Biron
235:
229:
224:
218:
217:Duke of Sully
213:
207:
202:
197:
196:
191:
188:
183:
178:
176:
171:
165:
160:
155:
154:
149:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
119:49.892; 2.299
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3233:
3201:
3182:
3163:. ABC-CLIO.
3160:
3138:
3119:
3100:
3073:
3051:
3032:
3013:
2991:
2981:
2962:
2958:
2936:
2917:
2898:
2879:
2860:
2840:
2817:
2798:
2778:
2755:
2745:Bibliography
2734:
2729:Stewart p.49
2725:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2676:t'Hart p. 22
2672:
2644:
2638:
2603:Haller p. 59
2582:
2558:Duerloo p.46
2522:
2498:
2456:
2417:
2410:
2401:
2396:Tucker p.547
2384:Fissel p.237
2370:Knecht p.310
2344:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2297:
2268:Nolan pg 312
2231:
2177:
2152:
2109:
2103:
2072:
2032:Grand Siècle
2030:
1986:
1953:
1942:
1938:velvet siege
1937:
1935:
1927:
1906:capitulation
1903:
1899:
1886:
1878:
1863:
1855:
1840:
1837:
1817:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1763:
1740:
1700:
1690:
1677:
1640:
1585:against the
1577:Spain under
1576:
1551:
1526:
1524:
1492:Carrigafoyle
1479:
1410:
1406:
1377:
1049:Dover Strait
1036:
972:
963:
954:
891:Newfoundland
849:2nd San Juan
834:1st San Juan
821:
817:
808:
784:
671:
631:
630:
578:
577:
553:
552:
543:
542:
525:
524:
515:
514:
493:
492:
488:Arney-le-Duc
459:
458:
445:
444:
416:
338:
326:
289:
151:Belligerents
133:
40:Part of the
3217:(in French)
2694:Black p.106
2615:Duffy p.143
2529:(in French)
2424:(in French)
2076:Jones p.268
1931:Jean Errard
1892:of Amiens.
1874:Antonis Mor
1712:Elizabeth I
1512:Castlehaven
1400:Hoogstraten
1366:San Andreas
1321:2nd Groenlo
1291:1st Groenlo
1246:Knodsenburg
1231:2nd Zutphen
1206:1st Zutphen
1166:Steenbergen
1106:Schoonhoven
1015:Mount's Bay
966:Gravelines)
948:Pantelleria
783:Hispaniola
748:SĂŁo Vicente
626:Fort Crozon
582:(1589–1594)
557:(1585–1589)
526:Sixth; 1577
510:La Rochelle
450:Saint-Denis
117: /
60:Anonymous,
3245:Categories
2358:Levin p.74
2060:References
2014:Le Catelet
1620:Le Catelet
1597:, and the
1573:Background
1475:2nd Calais
1405:Ardenburg
1371:Nieuwpoort
1356:Zaltbommel
1326:Bredevoort
1121:Borgerhout
1101:Valkenburg
1076:Middelburg
1039:West Wales
953:1st Cádiz
931:2nd Azores
926:Las Palmas
916:2nd Flores
911:1st Flores
906:1st Azores
859:Portobello
816:La Guaira
648:Le Catelet
480:Moncontour
273:Albert VII
102:49°53′31″N
2065:Citations
1912:Aftermath
1896:Surrender
1794:St Valery
1720:indemnity
1641:In 1597,
1587:Huguenots
1579:Philip II
1413:2nd Sluis
1409:Oostberg
1395:2nd Grave
1380:2nd Meurs
1341:Oldenzaal
1336:Ootmarsum
1301:2nd Hulst
1281:Groningen
1251:1st Hulst
1211:1st Sluis
1186:1st Grave
1161:Eindhoven
1141:Noordhorn
1035:Cornwall
1025:2nd Cádiz
995:Berlengas
829:Guadalupe
807:Trinidad
797:San Mateo
758:Cartagena
502:Sommières
105:2°17′56″E
3181:(1994).
3159:(2009).
3092:55848314
3012:(1994).
2957:(1996).
2838:(2013).
2776:(1995).
2754:(2005).
2580:(1863).
2175:(1871).
2027:hegemony
2002:Doullens
1957:Brittany
1813:arquebus
1775:trenches
1759:Flanders
1716:Boulogne
1688:nickname
1659:Turnhout
1647:Doullens
1624:Doullens
1603:Henry IV
1556:and the
1537:and the
1497:Smerwick
1450:Caudebec
1331:Enschede
1306:Turnhout
1256:Nijmegen
1241:Delfzijl
1236:Deventer
1126:Mechelen
1116:Rijmenam
1111:Gembloux
1044:Sesimbra
901:Santiago
886:Terceira
875:Atlantic
820:Caracas
652:Doullens
606:Caudebec
506:Sancerre
472:Poitiers
454:Chartres
321:Strength
316:(Relief)
80:Location
2006:Cambrai
1890:citadel
1847:Tercios
1801:bastion
1680:walnuts
1663:Brabant
1655:Picardy
1628:Cambrai
1507:Kinsale
1486:Ireland
1465:Morlaix
1176:Antwerp
1146:Niezijl
1081:Haarlem
1020:Cawsand
975:Lisbon)
957:Algarve
943:Scheldt
896:Bermuda
854:Tabasco
811:Orinoco
664:La Fère
656:Cambrai
622:Morlaix
561:Coutras
548:La Fère
538:Brouage
534:Issoire
520:Dormans
439:Orléans
290:†
89:Picardy
3286:Amiens
3208:
3189:
3167:
3145:
3126:
3107:
3090:
3080:
3058:
3039:
3020:
2998:
2968:
2943:
2924:
2905:
2886:
2867:
2848:
2824:
2805:
2786:
2762:
2010:Ardres
1969:Nantes
1965:Angers
1924:, 1607
1882:mutiny
1779:Vauban
1718:or an
1703:Louvre
1684:apples
1636:Ardres
1632:Calais
1593:, the
1531:French
1480:Amiens
1470:Crozon
1425:Arques
1419:France
1385:Ostend
1346:Lingen
1181:Arnhem
1151:Lochem
1136:Kollum
1091:Leiden
980:Bayona
839:Panama
802:Recife
778:Havana
672:Amiens
668:Ardres
660:Calais
586:Arques
569:Auneau
565:Vimory
476:Orthez
464:Jarnac
286:
130:Result
85:Amiens
44:&
1786:sally
1755:Rouen
1726:Siege
1707:Somme
1607:Paris
1460:Blaye
1455:Craon
1445:Rouen
1435:Paris
1316:Meurs
1296:Lippe
1226:Breda
1191:Venlo
1171:Aalst
1096:Delft
921:Faial
844:Pinos
618:Blaye
610:Craon
602:Rouen
594:Paris
435:Dreux
431:Vergt
427:Rouen
187:Spain
3206:ISBN
3187:ISBN
3165:ISBN
3143:ISBN
3124:ISBN
3105:ISBN
3088:OCLC
3078:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3037:ISBN
3018:ISBN
2996:ISBN
2966:ISBN
2941:ISBN
2922:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2884:ISBN
2865:ISBN
2846:ISBN
2822:ISBN
2803:ISBN
2784:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2590:–30.
2012:and
1998:1597
1996:and
1994:1596
1682:and
1634:and
1614:and
1543:ruse
1525:The
1430:Ivry
1361:Rees
1196:Axel
1156:Lier
1071:Goes
1066:Mons
824:Coro
590:Ivry
498:Mons
72:Date
2588:328
2340:288
1771:dug
1661:in
1616:Ham
1286:Huy
644:Ham
596:;
3247::
3232:.
3086:.
2718:30
2716:,
2654:^
2620:^
2608:^
2596:^
2563:^
2547:^
2535:^
2508:^
2484:^
2466:^
2442:^
2430:^
2389:^
2375:^
2363:^
2351:^
2307:^
2285:^
2273:^
2259:^
2241:^
2213:^
2199:^
2187:^
2162:^
2130:^
2116:^
2093:^
2081:^
2035:.
2008:,
2004:,
1979:.
1933:.
1849:.
1838:.
1638:.
1630:,
1626:,
1622:,
1545:.
670:;
666:;
662:;
658:;
654:;
650:;
646:;
642:;
638:;
624:;
620:;
616:;
612:;
608:;
604:;
600:;
592:;
588:;
571:;
567:;
563:;
536:;
532:;
508:;
504:;
500:;
486:;
482:;
478:;
474:;
470:;
466:;
452:;
437:;
433:;
429:;
425:;
91:,
87:,
3236:.
3214:.
3195:.
3173:.
3151:.
3132:.
3113:.
3094:.
3064:.
3045:.
3026:.
3004:.
2974:.
2949:.
2930:.
2911:.
2892:.
2873:.
2854:.
2830:.
2811:.
2792:.
2768:.
2342:.
2055:.
1529:(
1411:·
1407:·
1378:·
1037:·
973:·
964:·
955:·
822:·
818:·
809:·
785:·
705:e
698:t
691:v
394:e
387:t
380:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
