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334:, devoted the two first chapters of his work to discussions of the concept of swing with a collection of the musicians who played it. They described a kinetic quality to the music. It was compared to flying; "take off" was a signal to start a solo. The rhythmic pulse continued between the beats, expressed in dynamics, articulation, and inflection. Swing was as much in the music anticipating the beat, like the swing of a jumprope anticipating the jump, as in the beat itself. Swing has been defined in terms of formal rhythmic devices, but according to the
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374:, which is analogous to swing. In shuffle rhythm, the first note in a pair may be twice (or more) the duration of the second note. In swing rhythm, the ratio of the first note's duration to the second note's duration can range: The first note of each pair is often understood to be twice as long as the second, implying a
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emphasized the importance of the lead-in, audible or not, in "protecting the beat." Bebop soloists rose to the challenge of keeping a swinging feel in highly sophisticated music often played at a breakneck pace. The groundbreakers of bebop had come of age as musicians with swing and, while breaking
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carried the high-hat style a step further, with a more continuous-sounding "t'shahhh-uhh" two beat figure while reserving the bass and snare drums for accents. The changed role of the drum kit away from the heavier style of the earlier drumming placed more emphasis on the role of the bass in holding
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Similarly, section arrangements sometimes used a series of triplets, either accented on the first and third notes or with every other note accented to make a 3/2 pattern. Straight eighth notes were commonly used in solos, with dynamics and articulation used to express phrasing and swing. Phrasing
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and soloists added inflection and dynamics to the rhythmic toolbox, "swinging" notes and phrases. One of the characteristic horn section sounds of swing jazz was a section chord played with a strong attack, a slight fade, and a quick accent at the end, expressing the rhythmic pulse between beats.
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The bass and snare drums started the swing era as the main timekeepers, with the snare usually used for either lead-ins or emphasis on the second and fourth beats. It was soon found that the high-hat cymbal could add a new dimension to the swing expressed by the drum kit when played in a two-beat
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era and later, the second and fourth beats of a 4/4 measure are emphasized over the first and third, and the beats are lead-in—main-beat couplets (dah-DUM, dah-DUM....). The "dah" anticipates, or leads into, the "DUM." The "dah" lead-in may or may not be audible. It may be occasionally accented
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With that high-hat figure, the drummer expressed three elements of swing: the lead-in with the "ti," the continuity of the rhythmic pulse between the beats with the "tshhh," and the emphasis on the second and fourth beats with the "SH". Early examples of that high-hat figure were recorded by the
480:, the bass was often played with lead-in—main-note couplets, often with a percussive sound. Later, the lead-in note was dropped but incorporated into the physical rhythm of the bass player to help keep the beat "solid” - the lead-in beats were not audible, but expressed in the player’s motion.
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and other piano players influenced by him mostly did away with left-hand rhythmic figures, replacing them with chords. The ride cymbal played in a "ting-ti-ting" pattern took the role of the high-hat, the snare drum was mainly used for lead-in accents, and the bass drum was mainly used for
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The piano was played with a variety of devices for swing: Chord patterns played in the rhythm of a dotted-eighth—sixteenth couplet were characteristic of boogie-woogie playing (sometimes also used in boogie-woogie horn section playing). The "swing bass" left hand, used by
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as, "when an individual player or ensemble performs in such a rhythmically coordinated way as to command a visceral response from the listener (to cause feet to tap and heads to nod); an irresistible gravitational buoyancy that defies mere verbal definition."
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In swing rhythm, the pulse is divided unequally, such that certain subdivisions (typically either eighth note or sixteenth note subdivisions) alternate between long and short durations. Certain music of the
Baroque and Classical era is played using
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263:", which is used to describe a cohesive rhythmic "feel" in a funk or rock context, the concept of "swing" can be hard to define. Indeed, some dictionaries use the terms as synonyms: "Groovy ... denotes music that really swings." The
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feel, but in practice the ratio is less definitive and often much more subtle. In traditional jazz, swing is typically applied to eighth notes. In other genres, such as funk and jazz-rock, swing is often applied to sixteenth notes.
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tune, "T'aint whatcha do, it's the way thatcha do it" (say it so it swings). Physicists investigating swing have noted that it coincides with a perceptible difference between the timing of a soloist and the rest of the performers.
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The subtler end of the range involves treating written pairs of adjacent eighth notes (or sixteenth notes, depending on the level of swing) as slightly asymmetrical pairs of similar values. On the other end of the spectrum, the
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What is Swing? Perhaps the best answer, after all, was supplied by the hep-cat who rolled her eyes, stared into the far-off and sighed, "You can feel it, but you just can't explain it. Do you dig me?"
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As swing music developed, the role of the piano in the ensemble changed to emphasize accents and fills; these were often played on the lead-in to the main beat, adding a punch to the rhythm.
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In jazz, the swing ratio typically lies somewhere between 1:1 and 3:1, and can vary considerably. Swing ratios in jazz tend to be wider at slower tempos and narrower at faster tempos. In
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gave a more ambiguous definition when he proposed that "Swing is sweet and hot at the same time and broad enough in its creative conception to meet every challenge tomorrow may present."
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793:. Much written music in jazz is assumed to be performed with a swing rhythm. Styles that always use traditional (triplet) rhythms, resembling "hard swing", include
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513:"ti-tshhh-SH" figure, with the "ti" the lead-in to the "tshhh" on the first and third beats, and the "SH" the emphasized second and fourth beats.
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945:"1 &" as if they were straight. Triplet swing may be precisely counted "1& a" and dotted-note swing may be precisely counted "1e& a".
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The instruments of a swing rhythm section express swing in various ways, which evolved as the music developed. During the early development of
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Similarly, the rhythm guitar was played with the lead-in beat strummed by the player, but so softly as to be nearly or completely inaudible.
289:, the 1930s-era bandleader nicknamed the "King of Swing", called swing "free speech in music", whose most important element is "the liberty a
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Friberg, Anders; Sundström, Andreas (2002). "Swing Ratios and
Ensemble Timing in Jazz Performance: Evidence for a Common Rhythmic Pattern".
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Swing piano also put the first and third beats in a role anticipatory to the emphasized second and fourth beats in two-beat bass figures.
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for the swung triplets of Celtic music – triplets with a swing feel to them – not to be confused with the swung duplets of "triplet swing".
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but also used in other genres) that involves alternately lengthening and shortening the first and second consecutive notes in the two part
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That device was used interchangeably or in combination with a slight downward slur between the beginning and the end of the note.
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of dance bands in the mid-20th century are more accurately described as a "shuffle"; they are also an important feature of
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Russell, Ross, Jazz Style in Kansas City and the
Southwest, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 1972, 291 p.
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argues that the definition of swing "is just a matter of personal opinion". When asked for a definition of swing,
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Dance, Stanley, 1974, The World of Swing: An Oral
History of Big Band Jazz (2001 edition) Da Capo Press, 436 p.
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Floyd, Samuel A. Jr. (1991). "Ring Shout! Literary
Studies, Historical Studies, and Black Music Inquiry".
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occasional "bombs." But the importance of the lead-in as a rhythmic device was still respected. Drummer
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1993:
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Prögler, J. A. (1995). "Searching for Swing: Participatory
Discrepancies in the Jazz Rhythm Section".
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Prögler, J. A. (1995). "Searching for Swing: Participatory
Discrepancies in the Jazz Rhythm Section".
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Davis, Miles, and Troupe, Quincy, Miles: The
Autobiography, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1989, 448 p.
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dynamics built swing across two or four measures or, in the innovative style of tenor saxophonist
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1998:
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Pressing, Jeff (2002). "Black
Atlantic Rhythm. Its Computational and Transcultural Foundations".
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Frane, Andrew V. (2017). "Swing rhythm in classic drum breaks from hip-hop's breakbeat canon".
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has two main uses. Colloquially, it is used to describe the propulsive quality or "feel" of a
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1570:. The "Rosanna shuffle" as played by the Toto drummer, including audio and transcription.
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scores, swing is often assumed, but is sometimes explicitly indicated. For example, "
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Mass
Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond
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Hadlock, Richard, Jazz Masters of the Twenties, New York, MacMillan, 1972, 255p.
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Featuring a socio-musicological description of swing in African American music.
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Stomping the Blues. writer Albert Murray. Da Capo Press. 2000. page 109, 110.
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1070:"What makes that song swing? At last, physicists unravel a jazz mystery"
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the barriers of the swing era, still reflected their swing heritage.
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The rhythmic devices of the swing era became subtler with bebop.
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An exploration of shuffle, boogie, and swing rhythms for guitar.
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was asked to define it, he joked, "Define it? I'd rather tackle
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Straight (•) versus triplet swing (◦) eighth notes in the
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Two hundred fifty-sixth note (demisemihemidemisemiquaver)
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YouTube video by pianist Greg Spero on Swing Demystified
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Treadwell, Bill (1946). "Introduction: What Is Swing".
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Shuffle pattern with staggered thirds played on piano (
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replied, "Lady, if you gotta ask, you'll never know."
597:≈2:1 = triplet quarter note + triplet eighth, triple
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Blues shuffle or boogie played on guitar in E major (
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Hundred twenty-eighth note (semihemidemisemiquaver)
745:time and in some versions includes the direction,
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1538:"Why Do Jazz Musicians Swing Their Eighth Notes?"
1123:"Jazz Drummers' Swing Ratio in Relation to Tempo"
1097:Savidge, Wilbur M.; Vradenburg, Randy L. (2002).
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918:) for the 3:1 hard swing/shuffle of Celtic music.
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1574:Bernard Purdie breaks down "The Purdie Shuffle"
1125:. Acoustical Society of America. Archived from
757:Swing is commonly used in swing jazz, ragtime,
1414:. University of California Press. p. 70.
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3479:
2037:
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1559:Bounce Metronome which can play swing rhythms
895:of the dotted note variety, often notated in
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615:≈3:1 = dotted eighth note + sixteenth note.
561:Hard swing (3:1): dotted eighth + sixteenth.
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1382:"Teddy Riley New Jack Swing Hip Hop part 1"
958:(rhythmic organization) rather than simply
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1228:The Everything Rock & Blues Piano Book
297:in the way he feels it". His contemporary
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813:(the successor to ragtime style). In the
386:Shuffle notation in straight eighths (in
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1007:. The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz.
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1101:. Music Sales Distributed. p. 35.
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566:Various rhythmic swing approximations:
14:
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3563:Sixty-fourth note (hemidemisemiquaver)
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1557:– more Swing Rhythm videos made with
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3558:Thirty-second note (demisemiquaver)
1488:Clark, Mike; Paul, Jackson (1992).
583:≈3:2 = long eighth + short eighth.
24:
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1099:Everything About Playing the Blues
870:, a jazz-influenced genre of music
473:for phrasing or dynamic purposes.
216:). This sense can also be called "
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3399:Album covers of Blue Note Records
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409:Shuffle triplet-like performance
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941:All of these may be intuitively
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773:, big band jazz, swing revival,
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2779:Institutions and organizations
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730:jazz standard, was notated in
13:
1:
2476:Cool jazz and West Coast jazz
1885:Electroacoustic improvisation
1555:Video Resources – Swung Notes
969:
3523:Quadruple whole note (longa)
1440:Black Music Research Journal
1230:. Adams Media. p. 124.
7:
3553:Sixteenth note (semiquaver)
3518:Octuple whole note (maxima)
1205:. Hal Leonard. p. 44.
1068:Godoy, Maria (2023-01-18).
954:Swing may be considered as
840:
789:, neo rockabilly, rock and
254:
32:Swing Time (disambiguation)
10:
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1001:"Jazz Resources: Glossary"
29:
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3528:Double whole note (breve)
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2805:See Template: Jazz theory
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1805:
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1408:Armbrust, Walter (2000).
753:Genres using swing rhythm
468:music, especially of the
343:Swing as a rhythmic style
27:Style of jazz performance
3786:Non-retrogradable rhythm
2051:
1536:Butterfield, Matthew W.
1344:10.1525/mp.2002.19.3.333
1201:Mattingly, Rick (2006).
1188:10.1525/mp.2002.19.3.285
1161:10.1525/mp.2017.34.3.291
293:has to stand and play a
3543:Quarter note (crotchet)
987:Big Bands Database Plus
715:and many other styles.
316:Bill Treadwell stated:
40:"Straight" versus swung
3533:Whole note (semibreve)
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325:Treadwell (1946), p.10
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3680:Additive and divisive
1655:Double- and half-time
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449:Basic shuffle rhythm
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408:
385:
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194:
3887:Mathematics of music
3806:Prolation and tempus
3548:Eighth note (quaver)
3193:Bibliography of jazz
2973:Continental European
1815:Backdoor progression
1468:Rubin, Dave (1996).
1226:Starr, Eric (2007).
916:The Boys of Bluehill
275:When jazz performer
30:For other uses, see
3434:Straight, No Chaser
3223:Straight-ahead jazz
2680:Winter & Winter
2129:French horn in jazz
1705:Percussion notation
876:for the rhythms of
202:In music, the term
175:Dotted hard swing:
3907:Musical techniques
3378:West African music
3203:British dance band
2993:European free jazz
2966:British dance band
2459:Musicians by genre
2239:Free improvisation
1944:Jazz improvisation
1890:Free improvisation
1875:Constant structure
1855:Chord-scale system
1543:. Yale University.
1490:Rhythm Combination
1470:Art of the Shuffle
694:
679:
664:
649:
563:
462:
443:
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332:The World of Swing
330:Stanley Dance, in
200:
60:second note length
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3781:Metric modulation
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3538:Half note (minim)
3461:
3460:
3334:New Orleans blues
3181:
3180:
3124:
3123:
2698:Beaches (Toronto)
2109:Swing performance
2019:
2018:
1850:Call and response
1758:
1757:
1362:978-0-252-02211-1
1237:978-1-59869-260-0
1055:Big Book of Swing
929:Explanatory notes
698:
697:
689:
674:
659:
644:
388:drum set notation
281:Einstein's theory
267:glossary defines
56:first note length
16:(Redirected from
3929:
3922:Jazz terminology
3917:Rhythm and meter
3882:Musical notation
3658:
3651:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3590:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3452:
3451:
3218:Continental jazz
3111:Washington, D.C.
3076:
3075:
2978:Czech and Slovak
2836:
2835:
2620:India Navigation
2318:Progressive jazz
2172:Avant-garde jazz
2046:
2039:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2006:Twelve-bar blues
1865:Coltrane changes
1785:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1503:
1483:
1463:
1426:
1425:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1378:
1372:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1322:Music Perception
1317:
1311:
1310:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1176:Music Perception
1171:
1165:
1164:
1149:Music Perception
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1057:. pp. 8–10.
1050:
1044:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1024:"What Is Swing?"
1020:
1009:
1008:
997:
991:
990:
979:
963:
952:
946:
939:
912:The Harvest Home
909:
908:
907:
906:
857:
852:
851:
809:, and 1920s-era
744:
743:
742:
741:
690:
675:
660:
645:
634:
633:
626:
625:
624:
622:
612:
611:
610:
608:
594:
593:
592:
590:
580:
579:
578:
576:
489:James P. Johnson
460:
459:
458:
456:
440:
439:
438:
436:
420:
419:
418:
416:
401:
400:
399:
397:
362:
361:
360:
358:
336:Jimmie Lunceford
326:
197:metric hierarchy
184:
183:
179:
172:
161:
160:
156:
151:
150:
146:
142:Hard swing: >
139:
128:
127:
123:
116:
105:
104:
100:
95:
94:
90:
86:Soft swing: >
83:
72:
71:
67:
62:
61:
57:
50:
21:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3897:Jazz techniques
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3756:Harmonic rhythm
3671:
3662:
3632:
3627:
3591:
3582:
3510:
3498:
3492:
3462:
3457:
3454:Jazz portal
3446:
3439:
3420:The Jazz Singer
3387:
3366:Novelty ragtime
3297:
3177:
3161:
3140:
3120:
3074:
3041:
2932:
2877:
2832:Regional scenes
2827:
2762:
2684:
2610:Groove Merchant
2600:Flying Dutchman
2548:
2510:
2454:
2376:
2308:Orchestral jazz
2288:Mainstream jazz
2276:Afro-Cuban jazz
2158:
2067:Outline of jazz
2055:
2050:
2020:
2015:
2011:Upper structure
1954:Melodic pattern
1801:
1789:
1759:
1754:
1740:Rosanna shuffle
1621:
1612:
1551:
1540:
1509:Ethnomusicology
1500:
1480:
1472:. Hal Leonard.
1434:
1432:Further reading
1429:
1422:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1355:
1351:
1335:10.1.1.416.1367
1318:
1314:
1287:Ethnomusicology
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1203:All About Drums
1199:
1195:
1172:
1168:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1074:Morning Edition
1066:
1062:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1022:
1021:
1012:
1005:Jazz in America
999:
998:
994:
981:
980:
976:
972:
967:
966:
953:
949:
940:
936:
931:
905:
900:
899:
898:
897:
896:
853:
846:
843:
803:ballroom dances
801:and some other
755:
740:
735:
734:
733:
732:
731:
683:
668:
653:
638:
620:
617:
616:
606:
603:
602:
588:
585:
584:
574:
571:
570:
454:
451:
450:
434:
431:
430:
414:
411:
410:
395:
392:
391:
356:
353:
352:
345:
327:
324:
277:Cootie Williams
265:Jazz in America
259:Like the term "
257:
245:pulse-divisions
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
181:
177:
176:
173:
164:
163:
162:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
140:
131:
130:
129:
125:
121:
120:
119:Triplet swing:
117:
108:
107:
106:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
75:
74:
73:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
51:
42:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3935:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3856:Time signature
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:Notes inégales
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3500:
3499:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3468:
3459:
3458:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3427:Round Midnight
3423:
3416:
3408:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3157:Latin American
3154:
3148:
3146:
3145:South American
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Baltimore jazz
3082:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3063:Latin American
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3046:North American
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Percussionists
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2338:Spiritual jazz
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2060:General topics
2057:
2056:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Rhythm changes
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1820:Bar-line shift
1817:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1720:Rhythm section
1717:
1712:
1710:Purdie shuffle
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:Drum tablature
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1564:"Jeff Porcaro"
1561:
1550:
1549:External links
1547:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1521:10.2307/852199
1504:
1498:
1485:
1478:
1465:
1452:10.2307/779269
1446:(2): 265–268.
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1400:
1373:
1349:
1312:
1299:10.2307/852199
1277:
1268:
1252:
1243:
1236:
1218:
1211:
1193:
1182:(3): 285–310.
1166:
1155:(3): 291–302.
1139:
1114:
1107:
1089:
1060:
1045:
1033:
1028:Savoy Ballroom
1010:
992:
973:
971:
968:
965:
964:
947:
933:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:Notes inégales
919:
901:
890:
884:
874:Clave (rhythm)
871:
865:
859:
858:
842:
839:
777:, funk blues,
771:new jack swing
754:
751:
736:
709:rhythm section
700:
699:
696:
695:
680:
665:
650:
630:
629:
628:
627:
613:
595:
581:
371:notes inégales
344:
341:
322:
256:
253:
174:
167:
166:
165:
141:
134:
133:
132:
118:
111:
110:
109:
85:
78:
77:
76:
52:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
37:
36:
26:
18:Shuffle rhythm
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3934:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Popular music
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Drum patterns
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Rhythmic mode
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:Canter rhythm
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3383:Western swing
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:New York City
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:Flamenco jazz
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:South African
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
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2154:Women in jazz
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2139:Jazz trombone
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2119:Jazz drumming
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2087:Improvisation
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1799:improvisation
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1568:Drummer World
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1499:0-7119-8049-7
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1479:0-7935-4206-5
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1370:0-252-06508-5
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1129:on 2008-05-18
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983:"Swing Slang"
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893:Folk hornpipe
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811:novelty piano
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767:western swing
764:
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705:dotted eighth
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307:Maurice Rocco
304:
303:Boogie-woogie
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288:
287:Benny Goodman
284:
282:
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230:swung note(s)
227:, as well as
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138:
115:
82:
49:
33:
19:
3738:
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3432:
3425:
3418:
3414:(miniseries)
3411:
3403:
3373:Sophisti-pop
2803:
2794:Jazz royalty
2784:Jazz funeral
2580:Contemporary
2471:Chamber jazz
2425:Saxophonists
2395:Clarinetists
2367:Third stream
2204:Chamber jazz
2104:Scat singing
1999:Tadd Dameron
1830:Bird changes
1730:Ride pattern
1690:Gravity roll
1660:Drum cadence
1645:Cymbal choke
1567:
1515:(1): 21–54.
1512:
1508:
1489:
1469:
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1410:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1385:
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1142:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1117:
1098:
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1081:. Retrieved
1063:
1054:
1048:
1027:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
950:
937:
915:
911:
902:
807:stride piano
756:
747:medium swing
746:
737:
717:
701:
621:play example
607:play example
589:play example
575:play example
543:
539:Lester Young
535:
528:
526:the rhythm.
515:
511:
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501:
485:
482:
475:
463:
369:
366:
331:
329:
319:
315:
299:Tommy Dorsey
285:
274:
268:
264:
258:
236:swung rhythm
235:
234:
229:
228:
224:
222:
204:
203:
201:
3892:Swing music
3836:Syncopation
3603:Dotted note
3496:note values
3356:Quiet storm
3319:Contradanza
3101:New Orleans
3096:Kansas City
2899:Jazz mugham
2894:Azerbaijani
2818:Second line
2813:Rare groove
2799:Jazz theory
2789:Jazz poetry
2774:Contrafacts
2758:Saint Lucia
2738:New Orleans
2670:Strata-East
2645:MPS Records
2575:Cobblestone
2496:Smooth jazz
2486:Jazz fusion
2430:Trombonists
2343:Sacred jazz
2328:Smooth jazz
2261:Jazz fusion
2144:Jazz violin
2124:Jazz guitar
2099:Jam session
2072:Jazz (word)
1984:Syncopation
1927:Jam session
1907:Harmolodics
1835:Block chord
1825:Bebop scale
882:Latin dance
868:Swing music
855:Jazz portal
815:Middle East
507:Count Basie
493:Fats Waller
478:swing music
311:Fats Waller
3876:Categories
3851:Time point
3801:Polyrhythm
3796:Note value
3766:Homorhythm
3732:Note value
3722:Cross-beat
3613:Swung note
3608:Grace note
3596:Variations
3341:Brass band
3329:Jump blues
3173:Ethno jazz
3136:Australian
3116:West Coast
2873:Zimbabwean
2713:Copenhagen
2635:Mainstream
2445:Violinists
2435:Trumpeters
2405:Guitarists
2313:Organ trio
2298:Modal jazz
2271:Latin jazz
2251:Gypsy jazz
2149:Vocal jazz
2134:Jazz piano
1989:Turnaround
1964:Polyrhythm
1949:Lead sheet
1932:Jazz chord
1880:Contrafact
1810:Avoid note
1745:Snare rush
1715:Quadruplet
1685:Ghost note
1635:Blast beat
1615:Drum beats
1328:(3): 344.
1133:2008-07-22
1083:2023-01-18
970:References
878:Latin jazz
863:Polyrhythm
787:rockabilly
783:soul music
724:Satin Doll
546:Bud Powell
519:Chick Webb
497:Earl Hines
225:swing feel
53:Straight:
3826:Stop-time
3776:Isorhythm
3751:Half-time
3715:Count off
3685:Anacrusis
3309:Acid jazz
3166:Worldwide
3152:Brazilian
2949:Bulgarian
2911:Indo jazz
2861:Cape jazz
2748:North Sea
2703:Cape Town
2690:Festivals
2665:Riverside
2640:Milestone
2565:Blue Note
2560:Bethlehem
2544:post-1950
2516:Standards
2501:Soul jazz
2450:Vocalists
2410:Organists
2382:Musicians
2372:Trad jazz
2333:Soul jazz
2256:Jazz-funk
2244:Punk jazz
2234:Free funk
2229:Free jazz
2224:Folk jazz
2214:Dixieland
2209:Cool jazz
2199:Cape jazz
2114:Jazz bass
2077:Jazz band
1860:Chordioid
1840:Blue note
1630:Back beat
1393:13 August
1330:CiteSeerX
1293:(1): 26.
799:quickstep
728:swing era
692:3:1 ratio
677:2:1 ratio
662:3:2 ratio
647:1:1 ratio
551:Max Roach
223:The term
3727:Duration
3710:Counting
3705:Colotomy
3494:Musical
3314:Afrobeat
3228:Pre-1920
3213:Jazz Age
3129:Oceanian
3079:American
3053:Canadian
2937:European
2928:Japanese
2889:Armenian
2851:Malawian
2846:Ethiopia
2733:Montreux
2728:Montreal
2723:Monterey
2660:Prestige
2630:Landmark
2615:Impulse!
2595:ESP-Disk
2524:Pre-1920
2481:Hard bop
2420:Pianists
2400:Drummers
2390:Bassists
2323:Ska jazz
2266:Jazz rap
2192:Post-bop
2182:Hard bop
2082:Big band
1922:Jam band
1700:One drop
960:rhythmic
841:See also
835:Assyrian
523:Jo Jones
517:drummer
470:big band
464:In most
323:—
305:pianist
255:Overview
3811:Prosody
3761:Hemiola
3618:Tremolo
3511:lengths
3361:Ragtime
3346:Exotica
3302:Related
3208:Ragtime
3186:History
3091:Chicago
3058:Haitian
3037:Swedish
3025:Spanish
3008:Italian
2961:British
2956:Belgian
2923:Iranian
2839:African
2767:Culture
2743:Newport
2718:Jakarta
2708:Chicago
2605:Freedom
2303:Nu jazz
2187:Neo-bop
1959:Outside
1937:So What
1912:Harmony
1870:Comping
1845:Cadenza
1725:Rimshot
1619:strokes
1387:YouTube
943:counted
831:Iranian
823:Kurdish
795:foxtrot
791:hip-hop
779:R&B
376:triplet
291:soloist
180:⁄
157:⁄
152:to <
147:⁄
124:⁄
101:⁄
96:to <
91:⁄
68:⁄
58:⁄
3861:Tuplet
3746:Groove
3665:Rhythm
3623:Tuplet
3013:Polish
3003:German
2998:French
2983:Danish
2944:Balkan
2906:Indian
2866:Marabi
2823:Venues
2350:Stride
2293:Marabi
2283:M-Base
2164:Genres
1994:ii-V-I
1902:Groove
1795:theory
1695:Groove
1680:Gallop
1650:D-beat
1529:852199
1527:
1496:
1476:
1460:779269
1458:
1418:
1368:
1360:
1332:
1307:852199
1305:
1234:
1209:
1105:
956:metric
495:, and
295:chorus
261:groove
218:groove
210:rhythm
3846:Tempo
3831:Swing
3816:Pulse
3740:Gatra
3669:meter
3392:Media
3351:Plugg
3324:Blues
3278:2010s
3273:2000s
3268:1990s
3263:1980s
3258:1970s
3253:1960s
3248:1950s
3243:1940s
3238:1930s
3233:1920s
3198:Blues
3068:Cuban
2988:Dutch
2916:Sitar
2882:Asian
2675:Verve
2539:1940s
2534:1930s
2529:1920s
2506:Swing
2466:Bebop
2355:Swing
2177:Bebop
1979:Swing
1974:Scale
1750:Sting
1640:Break
1541:(PDF)
1525:JSTOR
1456:JSTOR
1303:JSTOR
827:Azeri
819:Iraqi
759:blues
726:", a
599:meter
269:swing
247:in a
214:pulse
205:swing
3841:Tala
3771:Iqa'
3695:Beat
3667:and
3508:rest
3506:and
3504:Note
3412:Jazz
3405:Bird
3293:2022
3288:2021
3283:2020
3018:Yass
2753:Pori
2655:Muse
2491:Scat
2092:Jazz
2053:Jazz
1917:Head
1895:List
1797:and
1792:Jazz
1735:Roll
1675:Fill
1617:and
1494:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1395:2021
1366:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1103:ISBN
880:and
833:and
775:funk
763:jazz
720:jazz
466:jazz
455:play
435:Play
415:play
396:play
357:Play
249:beat
241:jazz
233:and
3690:Bar
3578:...
2650:MPS
2625:JMT
2590:ECM
2585:CTI
2570:BYG
1517:doi
1448:doi
1340:doi
1295:doi
1184:doi
1157:doi
1078:NPR
887:Jig
521:.
283:!"
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