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orientation. By applying proper cooling, the molecules will be frozen in this state until sufficient heat energy is applied to allow the chains to shrink back. One can visualize this phenomenon by stretching a rubber band and dipping it into liquid nitrogen so as to freeze in the stretched state. The band will remain in this state as long as it is kept at sufficiently cold temperatures. However, when enough heat energy is applied, the rubber band will shrink back to its original relaxed state.
145:
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53:
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choice, as it has a higher strength, and more durability for heavier items. These wraps can also have graphic images printed on them, and LDPE provides the greatest quality. PE gauges can go all the way up to 1200, allowing for a great range of gauges. The disadvantage for PE is that it does not have a great shrink rate, and has lower clarity than other wraps.
131:
Polyolefin or POF shrink wrap is a premium shrink wrap, as it is extremely durable and versatile. POF is puncture resistant, and has a strong seal strength, which allows it to be used for irregularly shaped items. POF is available in 35, 45, 60, 75, and 100, 1 mil gauges. POF shrink wrap is made from
222:
Shrink wrap can be supplied in several forms. Flat rollstock can be wrapped around a product, often with heat sealing to tack the film together. Centerfolded film is supplied on a roll with the plastic pre-folded in half, product is placed in the center portion, the remaining three edges are sealed
159:
Prior to orientation, the molecules of a sheet or tube are randomly intertwined like a bowl of spaghetti. The molecules are coiled and twisted and have no particular alignment. However, when a draw force is imposed, the amorphous regions of the chains are straightened and aligned to the direction of
280:
loads. Foam cushioning can be held securely in shrink film, eliminating use of a traditional corrugated box. A variety of products may be enclosed in shrink wrap to stabilize the products, unitize them, keep them clean, or add tamper resistance. It can be the primary covering for some foods such as
174:
The family of shrink films has broadened over the years with many multi-layer constructions being sold today. Shrink film attributes include shrink, sealability, optics, toughness, and slip. With regard to shrink properties, there are onset temperature, free shrink, shrink force, shrink temperature
127:
PVC is the most used shrink wrap, due to its light weight, and inexpensive capabilities. PVC is durable, and can be used for many different purposes. However, it should be used in a well-ventilated area, as it can give off a strong, harmful odor. PVC has been banned in many countries, due to the
170:
The second commercial process is the bubble process, sometimes referred to as the tubular process. In this process, a primary tube is produced by either blowing or casting the tube onto an external or internal mandrel, respectively. It is common to use water to help cool the primary tube at this
135:
PE, a polyolefin, is used in several forms of flexible protective packaging. There are 3 different forms PE can take place in. These include Low-Density
Polyethylene (LDPE), Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). For shrink wrapping LDPE would be the best
306:
Shrink wrap is also commonly used within more industrial applications using a heavier weight shrink film. The principles remain the same with a heat shrinking process using a hand held heat gun. The following shrink wrap applications are becoming more widely used and accepted:
248:
Software on carriers such as CDs or DVDs are often sold in boxes that are packaged in shrink wrap. The licenses of such software are typically put inside the boxes, making it impossible to read them before purchasing. This has raised questions about the validity of such
434:
396:
230:
Shrink wrap can be used to wrap buildings. It can wrap roofs after hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes and other disasters. Shrink wrap can be used for environmental containments to facilitate safe removal of asbestos, lead and other hazards.
615:
B65B61/02 Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on sheets, blanks, webs, binding material, containers or packages for perforating, scoring, slitting, or applying code or date marks on material prior to packaging
132:
100% recyclable materials, and is FDA approved. It has great clarity, and a glossy self-appearance, as appearance is critical. POF is great for bundling multiple items together, and has the ability to shrink completely and quickly.
155:
Films are stretched when they are warm to orient the molecules from their initial random pattern. Cooling the film sets the film's characteristics until it is reheated: this causes it to shrink back toward its initial dimensions.
415:
171:
point. After the primary tube has been cooled, it is then reheated and inflated into a second bubble using air much like a balloon is blown. Upon inflation, the tube is oriented in both directions simultaneously.
163:
Orientation on a commercial scale can be achieved using either of two processes: a tenterframe or a bubble process. Tenterframe technology is used to produce a variety of “heat-set” products, with
183:
3052:
98:. It is available in a variety of thicknesses, clarities, strengths and shrink ratios. The two primary films can be either crosslinked, or non crosslinked. Other shrink films include
128:
harmful products created by its decomposition. PVC has some negative qualities including, it is not good for bundling, leaves carbon deposits, and has a low shrink force.
116:
and laminations are available for specific mechanical and barrier properties for shrink wrapping food. For example, five layers might be configuration as EP/
167:(BOPP) being the most common (heat-setting is a process whereby a film is reheated in a constrained state such that the shrink properties are destroyed).
2776:
688:
610:
B65D71/10 Wrappers shrunk by heat or under tension, e.g. stretch films or films tensioned by compressed articles and provided with inserts
1822:
1732:
238:, mainly to preserve their mint condition, as casual previewing prior to purchase wears or damages stock, rendering it unsaleable.
2769:
152:
A shrink film can be made to shrink in one direction (unidirectional or mono-directional) or in both directions (bidirectional).
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570:
588:
D1204 Standard Test Method for Linear
Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
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to form a bag, and the package then heated which causes the bag to shrink and conform to the product. Pre-formed
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D1922 Standard Test Method for
Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
600:
D2838 Standard Test Method for Shrink
Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
207:
Shrink wrap is applied over or around the intended item, often by automated equipment. It is then heated by a
2008:
961:
74:. When heat is applied, it shrinks tightly over whatever it is covering. Heat can be applied with a handheld
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D1894 Standard Test Method for Static and
Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
391:
234:
Shrink wrap is sometimes used to wrap up books, especially adult-oriented ones and premium comics and
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432:, Zelnick, "Method and apparatus for shrink-film wrapping a pallet load", published 1972
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D2732 Standard Test Method for
Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Film and Sheeting
500:
Drop Test
Simulation of a Cooker Including Foam, Packaging and Pre-stressed Plastic Foil Wrapping
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394:, Mueller, Walter, "Multi-layer polyester/polyolefin Shrink Film", issued 1980-2-12
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have one end open, the product is placed in the bag, sealed, and sent for heat shrinking.
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Building temporary shrink wrap structures for storage or other business operational uses,
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124:/EVA/EP, where EP is ethylene-propylene and EVA is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
450:"Effect of shrink wrap packaging for maintaining quality of cucumber during storage"
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Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of
Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
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Vegetables such as cucumbers can be individually shrink wrapped to extend the
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582:
D882 Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
328:
Disaster contingency and relief projects such as damaged buildings/roofs.
121:
79:
506:, 9th International LS-DYNA Users Conference , Simulation Technology (4)
2968:
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1973:
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Industrial shrink wrap containment of large plant equipment/components,
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95:
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2003:
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148:
A machine designed to continuously wrap up to 35 packets per minute
83:
75:
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3106:
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1757:
1752:
1701:
1411:
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68:
203:
Shrink wrapped pack of bottles with ends (bulls eyes) as handles
2171:
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1254:
1119:
1084:
1079:
1054:
1034:
555:
Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of
Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002,
277:
265:
413:, Mizutani, "Heat shrinkable film", published 1989
78:(electric or gas), or the product and film can pass through a
52:
1561:
1481:
1381:
1104:
235:
621:
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2247:
1391:
1331:
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216:
195:
Shrink film wrap being applied on a soft drink packing line
1486:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1059:
1029:
269:
99:
30:
This article is about heat shrink film. For tubing, see
526:"Unitizing Goods on Pallets and Slipsheets, FPL-GTR-52"
48:
Grocery vegetables wrapped with a plastic shrink film.
27:
Polymer used to bundle boxes on a pallet for transport
288:
Shrink bands are applied over parts of packages for
320:
Marine shrink wrapping of boats and other vehicles,
299:It can also combine two packages or parts into a
3145:
689:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
314:Scaffold wrap containment of buildings/bridges,
175:range, memory, and overall package appearance.
585:D883 Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
2770:
2263:
637:
1823:Hazard analysis and critical control points
2777:
2763:
2270:
2256:
644:
630:
386:
384:
1733:Automatic identification and data capture
604:
473:
523:
496:
409:
198:
190:
187:Shrink wrapped helicopters for transport
182:
143:
51:
43:
428:
381:
14:
3146:
2360:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
281:cheese, meats, vegetables and plants.
94:The most commonly used shrink wrap is
2758:
2300:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
2295:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
2251:
625:
447:
323:Shrink wrapping of palletized freight
3112:List of environmental health hazards
3032:List of environmental health hazards
1135:Flexible intermediate bulk container
256:Shrink wrap is commonly used as an
24:
2917:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
2119:Vertical form fill sealing machine
549:
110:, and several other compositions.
25:
3170:
2089:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
937:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
576:
285:is used to seal electric wiring.
2449:
2443:
2335:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
2310:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
2233:
2232:
2059:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
165:biaxially oriented polypropylene
2315:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
1793:Electronic article surveillance
1647:Shock and vibration data logger
1492:Linear low-density polyethylene
292:or labels. It can be used as a
2678:Category:Plastics applications
2425:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
2420:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
2405:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
1898:Radio-frequency identification
517:
490:
448:Dhall, Rajinder Kumar (2011).
441:
422:
403:
139:
89:
13:
1:
2385:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
2009:Extended core stretch wrapper
962:Single-serve coffee container
651:
533:US Forest Products Laboratory
374:
3102:Persistent organic pollutant
3063:Toxic Substances Control Act
3022:Persistent organic pollutant
2305:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
2277:
1165:Insulated shipping container
56:Shrink wrapped ball of twine
39:Shrink wrap (disambiguation)
7:
3095:Great Pacific garbage patch
3017:Great Pacific garbage patch
2430:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
2345:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
2054:Material-handling equipment
1938:Verification and validation
1170:Intermediate bulk container
952:Self-heating food packaging
332:
67:, is a material made up of
10:
3175:
3058:Japan Toxic Substances Law
2853:Miscellaneous plasticizers
1697:Time temperature indicator
36:
29:
3132:
3077:
3053:European REACH regulation
3048:California Proposition 65
3040:
2997:
2954:
2916:
2883:
2852:
2798:
2791:polyhalogenated compounds
2747:
2692:
2668:High-performance plastics
2637:
2630:
2542:
2501:
2493:High-performance plastics
2458:
2441:
2285:
2230:
2152:Environmental engineering
2127:
2114:Turntable stretch wrapper
2044:Lineshaft roller conveyor
2034:Injection molding machine
1946:
1715:
1345:
990:
972:Toothpaste pump dispenser
832:Disposable food packaging
777:
674:Child-resistant packaging
659:
466:10.1007/s13197-011-0284-5
390:
2478:Fibre-reinforced plastic
2415:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
2039:Label printer applicator
1908:Shearing (manufacturing)
1507:Low-density polyethylene
927:Pharmaceutical packaging
897:Low plastic water bottle
787:Alternative wine closure
2529:Biodegradable additives
2069:Orbital stretch wrapper
1692:Temperature data logger
1612:Pressure-sensitive tape
1472:Humidity indicator card
1000:Aerosol spray dispenser
2944:Perfluorooctanoic acid
2380:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
2375:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
2320:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
1788:Die forming (plastics)
1497:Liquid packaging board
1200:Multilayered packaging
932:Plastic milk container
912:Optical disc packaging
605:Patent classifications
497:Neumayer, Dan (2006),
369:Window insulation film
204:
196:
188:
178:
149:
57:
49:
3159:Plastics applications
3124:Biodegradable plastic
2473:Thermosetting polymer
2370:Polylactic acid (PLA)
2217:Sustainable packaging
2167:Life-cycle assessment
2147:Closed-loop box reuse
2094:Seed-counting machine
1427:Corrugated fiberboard
1377:Biodegradable plastic
1100:Corrugated box design
754:Sustainable packaging
744:Shelf-ready packaging
719:Packaging engineering
392:US patent 4188443
202:
194:
186:
147:
55:
47:
3135:Identification codes
2735:Foam food containers
2658:Engineering plastics
2187:PET bottle recycling
2049:Logistics automation
1577:Plastic-coated paper
724:Resealable packaging
359:Shrink wrap contract
251:shrink wrap licenses
37:For other uses, see
3154:Packaging materials
2974:Endocrine disruptor
2572:Compression molding
2524:Polymer stabilizers
2239:Category: Packaging
2074:Packaging machinery
1883:Product development
1682:Tamper-evident band
1522:Modified atmosphere
862:Foam food container
294:Tamper-evident band
225:plastic shrink bags
2989:Polymer fume fever
2648:Commodity plastics
2622:Rotational molding
2592:Fiberglass molding
2552:Injection moulding
2534:Filler (materials)
2483:Corrugated plastic
2435:Tritan copolyester
2390:Polypropylene (PP)
2340:Polycarbonate (PC)
2202:Reusable packaging
2162:Industrial ecology
1923:Ultrasonic welding
1888:Production control
1838:Injection moulding
1723:Aseptic processing
1432:Corrugated plastic
1302:Steel and tin cans
1272:Shipping container
1210:Packet (container)
947:Seasonal packaging
847:Evidence packaging
827:Currency packaging
822:Cosmetic packaging
729:Reusable packaging
454:J Food Sci Technol
283:Heat-shrink tubing
211:or sent through a
205:
197:
189:
150:
58:
50:
32:Heat-shrink tubing
3141:
3140:
3119:Plastic recycling
3085:Plastic pollution
3071:
3070:
3005:Plastic pollution
2785:Health issues of
2743:
2742:
2639:Plastics industry
2557:Plastic extrusion
2410:Polyurethane (PU)
2400:Polysulfone (PES)
2355:Polyethylene (PE)
2330:Polybutylene (PB)
2245:
2244:
2207:Reverse logistics
2192:Plastic recycling
2064:Multihead weigher
1984:Cartoning machine
1979:Cap torque tester
1893:Quality assurance
1868:Plastic extrusion
1833:Induction sealing
1803:Extrusion coating
1662:Staple (fastener)
1632:Security printing
1467:Hot-melt adhesive
1040:Biodegradable bag
882:Glass milk bottle
764:Tamper resistance
704:Package pilferage
679:Contract packager
571:978-0-470-08704-6
524:Laundrie (1986),
290:tamper resistance
260:on many types of
16:(Redirected from
3166:
3010:Rubber pollution
2860:Organophosphates
2779:
2772:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2635:
2634:
2607:Filament winding
2582:Transfer molding
2509:Polymer additive
2453:
2447:
2395:Polystyrene (PS)
2272:
2265:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2235:
2222:Waste management
2212:Source reduction
2029:Industrial robot
1933:Vacuum packaging
1858:Package tracking
1813:Glass production
1773:Corona treatment
1763:Containerization
1627:Screw cap (wine)
1542:Oxygen scavenger
1005:Aluminium bottle
957:Screw cap (wine)
902:Luxury packaging
734:Reuse of bottles
699:Package delivery
684:Edible packaging
669:Active packaging
646:
639:
632:
623:
622:
543:
542:
541:
539:
530:
521:
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21:
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2993:
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2912:
2879:
2848:
2794:
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2749:
2739:
2688:
2626:
2612:Solvent bonding
2602:Plastic welding
2544:
2538:
2497:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2439:
2350:Polyester (PEs)
2287:
2281:
2276:
2246:
2241:
2226:
2182:Paper recycling
2177:Packaging waste
2157:Glass recycling
2129:
2123:
2079:Pallet inverter
1999:Conveyor system
1954:Barcode printer
1942:
1918:Track and trace
1873:Plastic welding
1808:Flame treatment
1778:Curtain coating
1711:
1532:Nonwoven fabric
1517:Metallised film
1422:Container glass
1349:
1347:
1341:
1317:Tub (container)
1215:Padded envelope
986:
812:Case-ready meat
779:
773:
709:Package testing
661:
655:
650:
607:
579:
552:
550:Further reading
547:
546:
537:
535:
528:
522:
518:
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495:
491:
446:
442:
435:
427:
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416:
408:
404:
397:
389:
382:
377:
335:
219:for shrinking.
181:
142:
92:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3172:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2903:Vinyl chloride
2900:
2897:Polycarbonates
2889:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2710:Packaging film
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2693:Specific goods
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2617:Vacuum forming
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2488:Polymeric foam
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:Polyimide (PI)
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2325:Polyamide (PA)
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2142:Can collecting
2139:
2137:Biodegradation
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:Tape dispenser
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Barcode reader
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Vacuum forming
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:Graphic design
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1738:Blow fill seal
1735:
1730:
1728:Authentication
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Shock detector
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Pump dispenser
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Plastic pallet
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:Package handle
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1362:Aluminium foil
1359:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Stand-up pouch
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Plastic bottle
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:Folding carton
1142:
1137:
1132:
1130:Euro container
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:Disposable cup
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:Antistatic bag
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
872:Fuel container
869:
867:Food packaging
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
792:Ammunition box
789:
783:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
766:
761:
759:Tamper-evident
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
665:
663:
657:
656:
649:
648:
641:
634:
626:
620:
619:
613:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
578:
577:ASTM standards
575:
574:
573:
563:
551:
548:
545:
544:
516:
489:
460:(4): 495–499.
440:
421:
402:
379:
378:
376:
373:
372:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
334:
331:
330:
329:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
180:
177:
141:
138:
91:
88:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3171:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:Garbage patch
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2956:Health issues
2953:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Shopping bags
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:(Agriculture)
2684:
2683:Plasticulture
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Geosynthetics
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Thermoforming
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:Thermoplastic
2466:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2240:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:Shrink tunnel
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Check weigher
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Bottling line
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Thermoforming
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:Roll slitting
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Laser cutting
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:Hermetic seal
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:Security tape
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:Polypropylene
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Packaging gas
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Shipping tube
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1140:Flexible tank
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
993:
989:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
782:
776:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
714:Package theft
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
694:Overpackaging
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
664:
658:
654:
647:
642:
640:
635:
633:
628:
627:
624:
618:
614:
612:
609:
608:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
580:
572:
568:
564:
562:
561:1-930268-25-4
558:
554:
553:
534:
527:
520:
502:
501:
493:
485:
481:
476:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
444:
431:
425:
412:
406:
393:
387:
385:
380:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
327:
326:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
309:
308:
304:
302:
297:
295:
291:
286:
284:
279:
275:
274:beverage cans
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
246:
244:
239:
237:
232:
228:
226:
220:
218:
214:
213:shrink tunnel
210:
201:
193:
185:
176:
172:
168:
166:
161:
157:
153:
146:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
109:
108:Polypropylene
105:
101:
97:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
54:
46:
40:
33:
19:
2800:Plasticizers
2748:Environment
2700:Blister pack
2653:Construction
2562:Blow molding
2128:Environment,
1743:Blow molding
1672:Stretch wrap
1651:
1602:Polyethylene
1592:Plastic wrap
1582:Plastic film
1567:Paper pallet
1502:Living hinge
1407:Coated paper
1287:Spray bottle
1267:Security bag
1260:Water sachet
1250:Salvage drum
1245:Retort pouch
1150:Glass bottle
1045:Blister pack
1010:Aluminum can
977:Water bottle
877:Gas cylinder
852:Field ration
749:Shelf-stable
536:, retrieved
532:
519:
508:, retrieved
499:
492:
457:
453:
443:
424:
405:
364:Stretch wrap
354:Plastic wrap
305:
298:
287:
264:, including
255:
247:
240:
233:
229:
221:
206:
173:
169:
162:
158:
154:
151:
134:
130:
126:
114:Coextrusions
112:
104:Polyethylene
93:
72:plastic film
64:
60:
59:
3041:Regulations
2893:Bisphenol A
2577:Calendering
2519:Plasticizer
2459:Mechanical
2024:Heat sealer
1989:Case sealer
1863:Papermaking
1783:Die cutting
1748:Calendering
1652:Shrink wrap
1527:Molded pulp
1512:Meat diaper
1477:Kraft paper
1457:Foam peanut
1447:Double seam
1417:Coextrusion
1387:Bubble wrap
1367:Bail handle
1312:Thermal bag
1235:Plastic bag
1050:Boil-in-bag
982:Wine bottle
967:Spray paint
922:Popcorn bag
917:Oyster pail
802:Beer bottle
140:Manufacture
122:copolyester
90:Composition
80:heat tunnel
65:shrink film
61:Shrink wrap
18:Shrink film
3148:Categories
2969:Carcinogen
2934:Organotins
2804:Phthalates
2750:and health
2597:Pultrusion
2587:Laminating
2545:processing
2104:Staple gun
2084:Palletizer
1974:Can seamer
1843:Lamination
1768:Converting
1657:Slip sheet
1572:Paperboard
1437:Cushioning
1397:Cellophane
1372:Bioplastic
1350:components
1337:Wooden box
1307:Tetra Brik
1230:Paper sack
1205:Multi-pack
1155:Gunny sack
1025:Bag-in-box
992:Containers
857:Flour sack
842:Egg carton
817:Coffee bag
797:Banana box
739:Shelf life
430:US3662512A
411:US4801652A
375:References
339:Multi-pack
301:Multi-pack
243:shelf life
96:polyolefin
2998:Pollution
2964:Teratogen
2895:(BPA, in
2543:Plastics
2514:Colorants
2502:Additives
2286:Chemical
2197:Recycling
2004:Drum pump
1947:Machinery
1798:Extrusion
1716:Processes
1687:Tear tape
1677:Susceptor
1667:Strapping
1622:Screw cap
1597:Polyester
1442:Desiccant
1346:Materials
1327:Unit load
1282:Skin pack
1225:Paper bag
1095:Clamshell
837:Drink can
769:Wrap rage
653:Packaging
262:packaging
2979:Diabetes
2885:Monomers
2865:Adipates
2787:plastics
2641:segments
2631:Products
2279:Plastics
2130:post-use
2019:Heat gun
1969:Calender
1878:Printing
1707:Velostat
1702:Tinplate
1537:Overwrap
1462:Gel pack
1452:Flip-top
1357:Adhesive
1292:Squround
1195:Mesh bag
1180:Jerrycan
1125:Envelope
1065:Bulk box
942:Sand bag
907:Milk bag
892:Juicebox
807:Box wine
780:packages
484:23904659
349:PLA film
344:Overwrap
333:See also
258:overwrap
209:heat gun
84:conveyor
76:heat gun
3107:Dioxins
3027:Dioxins
2984:Obesity
2725:Cutlery
2715:Bottles
1853:Molding
1758:Coating
1753:Canning
1412:Coating
1402:Closure
1160:Inhaler
1015:Ampoule
887:Growler
778:Product
660:General
538:7 April
510:7 April
475:3550898
266:cartons
69:polymer
63:, also
2824:(BBzP)
2793:(PHCs)
2705:Chairs
2673:Nurdle
2237:
2172:Litter
2014:Filler
1557:Pallet
1255:Sachet
1120:Endcap
1085:Carton
1080:Carboy
1055:Bottle
1035:Barrel
662:topics
569:
559:
482:
472:
436:
417:
398:
278:pallet
3078:Waste
2924:PBDEs
2835:(DOP)
2461:types
2288:types
1562:Paper
1482:Label
1382:BoPET
1105:Crate
529:(PDF)
504:(PDF)
270:boxes
236:manga
82:on a
2939:PFCs
2929:PCBs
2905:(in
2869:DEHA
2844:DINP
2839:DIDP
2833:DEHP
2828:DIHP
2812:DIBP
2789:and
2720:Bags
1392:Bung
1332:Vial
1322:Tube
1220:Pail
1115:Drum
1090:Chub
1075:Case
1070:Cage
567:ISBN
557:ISBN
540:2020
512:2020
480:PMID
276:and
217:oven
2907:PVC
2874:DOA
2822:BBP
2817:DBP
1487:Lid
1348:and
1190:Keg
1185:Jug
1175:Jar
1060:Box
1030:Bag
470:PMC
462:doi
215:or
179:Use
118:EVA
100:PVC
3150::
2802::
531:,
478:.
468:.
458:49
456:.
452:.
383:^
303:.
296:.
272:,
268:,
253:.
245:.
106:,
102:,
86:.
2909:)
2899:)
2876:)
2867:(
2778:e
2771:t
2764:v
2271:e
2264:t
2257:v
645:e
638:t
631:v
486:.
464::
120:/
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
