65:
51:
960:
966:
219:
43:
31:
540:
483:
600:
538:, Baumgarten, Wilfried W., "Apparatus comprising an extruder and a calender for producing sheets and/or foils from plastic or rubber mixtures", published 1992-12-01, assigned to Paul Troester Maschinenfabrik
64:
1567:
478:, Hommes, William J. & Keegan Jr., John J., "Apparatus for drawing plastic film in a tenter frame", published 1991-12-17, assigned to
209:
rubber to retain the properties of rubber and also to prevent dust and other foreign matters from sticking to the rubber while calendering and during storage
1291:
615:
555:
724:
D8136 - Standard Test Method for
Determining Plastic Film Thickness and Thickness Variability Using a Non-Contact Capacitance Thickness Gauge
248:
or tubular process forces air into an extruded ring to expand the film. Flat tenter frames stretch the extruded film before annealing.
164:
1284:
730:
F2029- Standard
Practices for Making Heatseals for Determination of Heatsealability of Flexible Webs as Measured by Seal Strength
664:
D1204 – Standard Test Method for Linear
Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
1167:
754:
595:, Schirmer, Henry G., "High strength laminated film for chub packaging", published 1991-08-06, assigned to
1626:
1577:
1546:
354:
709:
D3985 – Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas
Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor
1277:
784:
679:
D1938 – Standard Test Method for Tear
Propagation Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single Tear Method
733:
F2622 – Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas
Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using Various Sensors
479:
453:
706:
D3664 – Standard
Specification for Biaxially Oriented Polymeric Resin Film for Capacitors in Electrical Equipment
676:
D1922 – Standard Test Method for
Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
1269:
809:
138:
1673:
1562:
1541:
1438:
1192:
694:
D2838 -Standard Test Method for Shrink
Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
83:
membranes are used to separate areas or volumes, to hold items, to act as barriers, or as printable surfaces.
556:"Heat Sealability of Laminated Films with LLDPE and LDPE as the sealant Materials in Bar Sealing Application"
405:
1668:
1616:
1536:
147:– Polypropylene can be made a cast film, biaxially oriented film (BOPP), or as a uniaxially oriented film.
1609:
1531:
1347:
944:
673:
D1894 – Standard Test Method for Static and
Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
130:
79:
is a thin continuous polymeric material. Thicker plastic material is often called a "sheet". These thin
874:
849:
685:
D2582 – Standard Test Method for Puncture Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
499:"Influence of annealing on the microstructural, tensile and fracture properties of polypropylene films"
746:
Jenkins, W. A., and Osborn, K. R. Plastic Films: Technology and Packaging Applications, CRC Press 1992
703:
D3595 – Standard Specification for Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) Extruded Plastic Sheet and Film
592:
535:
475:
1649:
1383:
1182:
1007:
824:
814:
301:
134:
1453:
1443:
1305:
992:
939:
829:
691:
D2732 – Standard Test Method for Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Film and Sheeting
670:
D1709 – Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free Falling Dart Method
126:
24:
1043:
934:
919:
899:
1458:
1336:
1091:
819:
777:
245:
616:"UNDERSTANDING WHY ADHESION IN EXTRUSION COATING DECREASES WITH DIMINISHING COATING THICKNESS"
50:
1638:
1342:
987:
443:
329:
196:
661:
D1004 – Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting
1358:
1353:
1326:
1244:
596:
344:
267:
Coextrusion involves extruding two or more layers of dissimilar polymers into a single film
8:
1488:
1249:
1172:
1086:
1038:
1503:
1421:
1162:
1136:
1106:
1066:
1048:
997:
949:
929:
727:
E1870 – Standard Test Method for Odor and Taste Transfer from Polymeric Packaging Film
651:
421:
241:
235:
170:
514:
1633:
1599:
1519:
1331:
1153:
1071:
770:
750:
721:
D6988 – Standard Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test Specimens
667:
D1593 – Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting
449:
334:
313:
276:
202:
179:
99:
35:
554:
Yuan, Cheng See; Hassan, Azman; Ghazali, Mohd Imran Hj; Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi (2007).
260:
Skiving is used to scrape off a film from a solid core (sometimes used to make PTFE
1524:
1219:
1121:
1096:
1028:
894:
889:
834:
627:
567:
510:
417:
309:
261:
118:
Almost all plastics can be formed into a thin film. Some of the primary ones are:
1299:
1388:
1374:
1239:
1126:
1116:
884:
749:
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
364:
305:
743:
Hawkins, William E, The Plastic Film and Foil Web Handling Guide CRC Press 2003
715:
D5047 – Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting
125:– The most common plastic film is made of one of the varieties of polyethylene:
1417:
1229:
1131:
1002:
1662:
1604:
1411:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1081:
982:
904:
854:
631:
317:
289:
227:
144:
54:
1214:
1076:
1023:
924:
869:
844:
700:
D3420 – Standard Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
658:
D882 – Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
379:
369:
122:
1470:
959:
86:
Plastic films are used in a wide variety of applications. These include:
1407:
1379:
1314:
1234:
1033:
914:
909:
697:
D2923 – Standard Test Method for Rigidity of Polyolefin Film and Sheeting
374:
349:
174:
91:
69:
1483:
1111:
1101:
718:
D6287 – Standard Practice for Cutting Film and Sheeting Test Specimens
270:
192:
185:
107:
103:
58:
571:
244:
film can be stretched, thinned, or oriented in one or two directions.
1572:
1478:
1448:
1318:
879:
864:
839:
384:
339:
150:
87:
498:
1493:
359:
297:
251:
206:
167:
is a Biaxially Oriented Polyamide/Nylon - (Commonly known as Nylon)
965:
238:
can cast film which is cooled or quenched then wound up on a roll.
1621:
1498:
1399:
1301:
793:
682:
D2103 – Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
293:
218:
80:
46:
6 mil polyethylene plastic sheet as vapor barrier in construction
42:
273:
combines two or more films (or other materials) into a sandwich.
712:
D4321 – Standard Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film
688:
D2673 – Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
98:, building construction, landscaping, electrical fabrication,
160:
154:
95:
30:
859:
762:
406:"An overview of degradable and biodegradable polyolefins"
553:
279:
is used to form a film onto another film or substrate.
300:
operations are also used. Films can be modified by
257:
Solution deposition is another film forming process.
230:and are formed by melting for forming the film.
649:
205:– Semiembossed film can be used as a liner to the
288:Plastic films are typically formed into rolls by
1660:
474:
254:rolls can be used to form film from hot polymers
737:
1285:
778:
222:A tube of extruded film being blown to expand
496:
1292:
1278:
785:
771:
534:
445:Principles of Polymer Engineering Rheology
591:
217:
63:
49:
41:
29:
435:
157:is a biaxially oriented polyester film.
1661:
875:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
620:Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting
613:
442:White, James Lindsay (July 20, 1990).
403:
1273:
815:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
810:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
766:
441:
283:
57:packaging made of PLA-blend bio-flex
19:Not to be confused with films titled
1627:List of environmental health hazards
1547:List of environmental health hazards
355:Journal of Plastic Film and Sheeting
13:
1432:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
560:Journal of Applied Polymer Science
480:E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
448:. Wiley-Interscience. p. 49.
422:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.12.002
16:Thin continuous polymeric material
14:
1685:
964:
958:
850:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
825:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
188:- made of regenerated cellulose.
173:– film can be with or without a
830:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
139:linear low-density polyethylene
1193:Category:Plastics applications
940:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
935:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
920:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
607:
585:
547:
528:
490:
468:
397:
1:
900:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
515:10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00487-0
390:
1617:Persistent organic pollutant
1578:Toxic Substances Control Act
1537:Persistent organic pollutant
820:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
792:
738:Books and general references
308:. Films can be subjected to
213:
113:
7:
1610:Great Pacific garbage patch
1532:Great Pacific garbage patch
945:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
860:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
410:Progress in Polymer Science
323:
131:medium-density polyethylene
10:
1692:
1573:Japan Toxic Substances Law
1368:Miscellaneous plasticizers
226:Plastic films are usually
72:helicopters to be shipped.
18:
1647:
1592:
1568:European REACH regulation
1563:California Proposition 65
1555:
1512:
1469:
1431:
1398:
1367:
1313:
1306:polyhalogenated compounds
1262:
1207:
1183:High-performance plastics
1152:
1145:
1057:
1016:
1008:High-performance plastics
973:
956:
800:
302:physical vapor deposition
135:high-density polyethylene
993:Fibre-reinforced plastic
930:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
632:10.1177/8756087908089486
497:Ferrer-Balas, D (2001).
127:low-density polyethylene
25:Plastic (disambiguation)
1044:Biodegradable additives
1459:Perfluorooctanoic acid
895:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
890:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
835:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
223:
197:biodegradable plastics
182:- an early bioplastic.
73:
61:
47:
39:
1674:Plastics applications
1639:Biodegradable plastic
988:Thermosetting polymer
885:Polylactic acid (PLA)
597:W. R. Grace & Co.
404:Ammala, Anne (2011).
330:Converters (industry)
221:
67:
53:
45:
33:
1650:Identification codes
1250:Foam food containers
1173:Engineering plastics
614:Morris, B A (2008).
345:Film blowing machine
292:. Often additional
1669:Packaging materials
1489:Endocrine disruptor
1087:Compression molding
1039:Polymer stabilizers
320:applied as needed.
1504:Polymer fume fever
1163:Commodity plastics
1137:Rotational molding
1107:Fiberglass molding
1067:Injection moulding
1049:Filler (materials)
998:Corrugated plastic
950:Tritan copolyester
905:Polypropylene (PP)
855:Polycarbonate (PC)
652:ASTM International
284:Further processing
236:Plastics extrusion
224:
171:Polyvinyl chloride
74:
62:
48:
40:
1656:
1655:
1634:Plastic recycling
1600:Plastic pollution
1586:
1585:
1520:Plastic pollution
1300:Health issues of
1258:
1257:
1154:Plastics industry
1072:Plastic extrusion
925:Polyurethane (PU)
915:Polysulfone (PES)
870:Polyethylene (PE)
845:Polybutylene (PB)
755:978-0-470-08704-6
572:10.1002/app.25863
335:Die cutting (web)
316:; films can have
314:plasma processing
277:Extrusion coating
203:Semiembossed film
180:Cellulose acetate
100:photographic film
36:photographic film
1681:
1525:Rubber pollution
1375:Organophosphates
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1150:
1149:
1122:Filament winding
1097:Transfer molding
1024:Polymer additive
968:
962:
910:Polystyrene (PS)
787:
780:
773:
764:
763:
643:
642:
640:
638:
611:
605:
604:
603:
599:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
566:(6): 3736–3745.
551:
545:
544:
543:
539:
532:
526:
525:
523:
521:
509:(4): 1697–1705.
494:
488:
487:
486:
482:
472:
466:
465:
463:
462:
439:
433:
432:
430:
428:
416:(8): 1015–1049.
401:
310:corona treatment
306:metallised films
262:thread seal tape
1691:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1643:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1551:
1508:
1465:
1427:
1394:
1363:
1309:
1298:
1264:
1254:
1203:
1141:
1127:Solvent bonding
1117:Plastic welding
1059:
1053:
1012:
975:
969:
963:
954:
865:Polyester (PEs)
802:
796:
791:
760:
740:
655:
647:
646:
636:
634:
612:
608:
601:
590:
586:
576:
574:
552:
548:
541:
533:
529:
519:
517:
495:
491:
484:
473:
469:
460:
458:
456:
440:
436:
426:
424:
402:
398:
393:
365:Plastic welding
326:
286:
216:
116:
68:Shrink-wrapped
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1418:Vinyl chloride
1415:
1412:Polycarbonates
1404:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:Packaging film
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1208:Specific goods
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1132:Vacuum forming
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1003:Polymeric foam
1000:
995:
990:
985:
979:
977:
971:
970:
957:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
880:Polyimide (PI)
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Polyamide (PA)
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
806:
804:
798:
797:
790:
789:
782:
775:
767:
758:
757:
747:
744:
739:
736:
735:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
654:
648:
645:
644:
606:
584:
546:
527:
489:
467:
454:
434:
395:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
325:
322:
318:release agents
285:
282:
281:
280:
274:
268:
265:
258:
255:
249:
239:
228:thermoplastics
215:
212:
211:
210:
200:
199:are available.
189:
183:
177:
168:
158:
148:
142:
115:
112:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:Garbage patch
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1471:Health issues
1468:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Shopping bags
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1200:(Agriculture)
1199:
1198:Plasticulture
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Geosynthetics
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1082:Thermoforming
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
983:Thermoplastic
981:
980:
978:
972:
967:
961:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
799:
795:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
768:
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761:
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1315:Plasticizers
1263:Environment
1224:
1215:Blister pack
1168:Construction
1077:Blow molding
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635:. Retrieved
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380:Stretch wrap
370:Plastic wrap
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123:Polyethylene
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106:for movies,
92:plastic bags
85:
77:Plastic film
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34:Film strip (
20:
1556:Regulations
1408:Bisphenol A
1092:Calendering
1034:Plasticizer
974:Mechanical
375:Shrink wrap
350:Heat sealer
193:bioplastics
175:Plasticizer
70:OH-58 Kiowa
1663:Categories
1484:Carcinogen
1449:Organotins
1319:Phthalates
1265:and health
1112:Pultrusion
1102:Laminating
1060:processing
593:US 5037683
536:US 5167894
476:US 5072493
461:2014-12-25
391:References
271:Lamination
207:calendered
186:Cellophane
108:video tape
104:film stock
59:bioplastic
1513:Pollution
1479:Teratogen
1410:(BPA, in
1058:Plastics
1029:Colorants
1017:Additives
801:Chemical
637:26 August
626:: 53–88.
577:24 August
385:Thin film
340:Film base
214:Processes
151:Polyester
114:Materials
88:packaging
1494:Diabetes
1400:Monomers
1380:Adipates
1302:plastics
1156:segments
1146:Products
794:Plastics
360:Overwrap
324:See also
304:to make
298:printing
252:Calender
242:Extruded
234:Cast –
165:BOPA/BON
1622:Dioxins
1542:Dioxins
1499:Obesity
1240:Cutlery
1230:Bottles
503:Polymer
294:coating
110:, etc.
81:plastic
21:Plastic
1339:(BBzP)
1308:(PHCs)
1220:Chairs
1188:Nurdle
753:
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520:18 May
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96:labels
23:, see
1593:Waste
1439:PBDEs
1350:(DOP)
976:types
803:types
246:Blown
161:Nylon
155:BoPET
137:, or
1454:PFCs
1444:PCBs
1420:(in
1384:DEHA
1359:DINP
1354:DIDP
1348:DEHP
1343:DIHP
1327:DIBP
1304:and
1235:Bags
751:ISBN
639:2024
579:2024
522:2023
450:ISBN
429:2018
195:and
1422:PVC
1389:DOA
1337:BBP
1332:DBP
628:doi
568:doi
564:104
511:doi
418:doi
312:or
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129:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
