1913:
285:
20:
135:
extrusion, and, therefore, the physical properties are susceptible to changes in blow-up ratios. In melt extension, LLDPE has lower viscosity at all strain rates. This means it will not strain harden the way LDPE does when elongated. As the deformation rate of the polyethylene increases, LDPE demonstrates a dramatic rise in
139:
because of chain entanglement. This phenomenon is not observed with LLDPE because of the lack of long-chain branching in LLDPE allows the chains to slide by one another upon elongation without becoming entangled. This characteristic is important for film applications because LLDPE films can be
134:
distribution and shorter chain branching. During a shearing process, such as extrusion, LLDPE remains more viscous and, therefore, harder to process than an LDPE of equivalent melt index. The lower shear sensitivity of LLDPE allows for a faster stress relaxation of the polymer chains during
58:(LDPE) because of the absence of long chain branching. The linearity of LLDPE results from the different manufacturing processes of LLDPE and LDPE. In general, LLDPE is produced at lower temperatures and pressures by copolymerization of ethylene and such higher
74:. The copolymerization process produces an LLDPE polymer that has a narrower molecular weight distribution than conventional LDPE and in combination with the linear structure, significantly different
118:
resistance. It has good resistance to chemicals. It has good electrical properties. However, it is not as easy to process as LDPE, has lower gloss, and narrower range for
295:
289:
367:
98:
types of catalyst. The actual polymerization process can be done either in solution phase or in gas phase reactors. Usually, octene is the
1501:
1411:
226:
148:, though into other things like trash can liners, lumber, landscaping ties, floor tiles, compost bins, and shipping envelopes.
813:
322:
1797:
130:
LDPE and LLDPE have unique rheological or melt flow properties. LLDPE is less shear sensitive because of its narrower
1767:
615:
1737:
102:
in solution phase while butene and hexene are copolymerized with ethylene in a gas phase reactor. LLDPE has higher
1471:
1325:
1576:
1687:
640:
115:
1946:
843:
258:
1732:
1616:
848:
630:
210:
87:
1375:
91:
1830:
1792:
1722:
1712:
650:
510:
437:
352:
198:
192:
172:, and mainly flexible tubing. In 2013, the world market for LLDPE reached a volume of $ 40 billion.
114:. It is very flexible and elongates under stress. It can be used to make thinner films, with better
1717:
1586:
1185:
605:
575:
465:
204:
111:
55:
246:
1951:
1747:
1370:
1290:
1150:
678:
315:
1466:
1175:
878:
610:
590:
1895:
1845:
1825:
1772:
1105:
1055:
778:
773:
432:
422:
397:
144:
properties of LLDPE are summarized as "stiff in shear" and "soft in extension". LLDPE can be
1936:
1865:
1727:
1255:
570:
402:
8:
1752:
1561:
1360:
1200:
1080:
540:
107:
1917:
1880:
1840:
1692:
1601:
1566:
1516:
1401:
1110:
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888:
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1941:
1885:
1870:
1742:
1662:
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1481:
1461:
1340:
1310:
1145:
1095:
718:
600:
560:
442:
427:
382:
357:
216:
156:
LLDPE has penetrated almost all traditional markets for polyethylene; it is used for
95:
1900:
1890:
1707:
1536:
1491:
1451:
1441:
1305:
1220:
1000:
898:
793:
768:
683:
635:
580:
412:
377:
362:
347:
131:
103:
43:
168:, pouches, toys, covers, lids, pipes, buckets and containers, covering of cables,
1860:
1855:
1835:
1757:
1677:
1632:
1596:
1551:
1486:
1456:
1210:
1195:
1100:
995:
893:
490:
387:
1820:
1815:
1787:
1637:
1611:
1606:
1496:
1416:
1406:
1320:
1295:
1265:
1225:
1040:
975:
918:
823:
808:
788:
698:
550:
545:
470:
1930:
1777:
1672:
1642:
1591:
1581:
1526:
1506:
1315:
1285:
1230:
955:
818:
565:
392:
372:
59:
1421:
1350:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1245:
1180:
1085:
965:
945:
938:
928:
923:
828:
753:
723:
688:
655:
555:
530:
221:
169:
165:
161:
157:
39:
1702:
1667:
1541:
1330:
1205:
1190:
1155:
1135:
1125:
1065:
1045:
990:
913:
728:
660:
645:
595:
480:
176:
160:
and sheets (where it allows using lower thickness than comparable LDPE),
141:
119:
54:. Linear low-density polyethylene differs structurally from conventional
1782:
1762:
1652:
1521:
1446:
1335:
1250:
1115:
1075:
1050:
1015:
985:
908:
883:
833:
703:
535:
520:
495:
475:
417:
1875:
1682:
1476:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1300:
1275:
1120:
1005:
960:
903:
670:
515:
447:
331:
145:
140:
downgauged easily while maintaining high strength and toughness. The
136:
99:
1697:
1647:
1556:
1426:
1385:
1215:
1140:
1130:
1035:
970:
873:
858:
803:
743:
620:
585:
485:
75:
47:
1436:
1431:
1380:
1090:
838:
693:
35:
42:), with significant numbers of short branches, commonly made by
1850:
1235:
933:
798:
763:
758:
733:
713:
284:
71:
67:
63:
51:
247:
1240:
1160:
1060:
783:
300:
1070:
1010:
748:
1165:
868:
863:
853:
738:
708:
19:
1928:
259:"Market Study: Polyethylene LLDPE (2nd edition)"
23:Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) granules
368:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
270:Modern Plastic Mid-October Encyclopedia Issue,
316:
81:
1502:Hazard analysis and critical control points
323:
309:
1412:Automatic identification and data capture
227:Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
86:The production of LLDPE is initiated by
18:
1929:
304:
814:Flexible intermediate bulk container
297:Example of LLDPE Physical Properties
13:
1798:Vertical form fill sealing machine
14:
1963:
1768:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
616:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
277:
1912:
1911:
1738:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
283:
1472:Electronic article surveillance
1326:Shock and vibration data logger
1171:Linear low-density polyethylene
290:Linear low-density polyethylene
28:Linear low-density polyethylene
1577:Radio-frequency identification
251:
240:
151:
1:
1688:Extended core stretch wrapper
641:Single-serve coffee container
330:
233:
125:
116:environmental stress cracking
844:Insulated shipping container
175:LLDPE manufactured by using
34:) is a substantially linear
7:
1733:Material-handling equipment
1617:Verification and validation
849:Intermediate bulk container
631:Self-heating food packaging
211:Medium-density polyethylene
186:
10:
1970:
1376:Time temperature indicator
88:transition metal catalysts
1909:
1831:Environmental engineering
1806:
1793:Turntable stretch wrapper
1723:Lineshaft roller conveyor
1713:Injection molding machine
1625:
1394:
1024:
669:
651:Toothpaste pump dispenser
511:Disposable food packaging
456:
353:Child-resistant packaging
338:
199:High-density polyethylene
193:Cross-linked polyethylene
82:Production and properties
1718:Label printer applicator
1587:Shearing (manufacturing)
1186:Low-density polyethylene
606:Pharmaceutical packaging
576:Low plastic water bottle
466:Alternative wine closure
205:Low-density polyethylene
56:low-density polyethylene
1748:Orbital stretch wrapper
1371:Temperature data logger
1291:Pressure-sensitive tape
1151:Humidity indicator card
679:Aerosol spray dispenser
1467:Die forming (plastics)
1176:Liquid packaging board
879:Multilayered packaging
611:Plastic milk container
591:Optical disc packaging
106:and higher impact and
24:
1896:Sustainable packaging
1846:Life-cycle assessment
1826:Closed-loop box reuse
1773:Seed-counting machine
1106:Corrugated fiberboard
1056:Biodegradable plastic
779:Corrugated box design
433:Sustainable packaging
423:Shelf-ready packaging
398:Packaging engineering
179:catalysts is labeled
22:
1866:PET bottle recycling
1728:Logistics automation
1256:Plastic-coated paper
403:Resealable packaging
292:at Wikimedia Commons
1947:Packaging materials
1918:Category: Packaging
1753:Packaging machinery
1562:Product development
1361:Tamper-evident band
1201:Modified atmosphere
541:Foam food container
108:puncture resistance
1881:Reusable packaging
1841:Industrial ecology
1602:Ultrasonic welding
1567:Production control
1517:Injection moulding
1402:Aseptic processing
1111:Corrugated plastic
981:Steel and tin cans
951:Shipping container
889:Packet (container)
626:Seasonal packaging
526:Evidence packaging
506:Currency packaging
501:Cosmetic packaging
408:Reusable packaging
50:with longer-chain
25:
1924:
1923:
1886:Reverse logistics
1871:Plastic recycling
1743:Multihead weigher
1663:Cartoning machine
1658:Cap torque tester
1572:Quality assurance
1547:Plastic extrusion
1512:Induction sealing
1482:Extrusion coating
1341:Staple (fastener)
1311:Security printing
1146:Hot-melt adhesive
719:Biodegradable bag
561:Glass milk bottle
443:Tamper resistance
383:Package pilferage
358:Contract packager
288:Media related to
217:Plastic recycling
1959:
1915:
1914:
1901:Waste management
1891:Source reduction
1708:Industrial robot
1612:Vacuum packaging
1537:Package tracking
1492:Glass production
1452:Corona treatment
1442:Containerization
1306:Screw cap (wine)
1221:Oxygen scavenger
684:Aluminium bottle
636:Screw cap (wine)
581:Luxury packaging
413:Reuse of bottles
378:Package delivery
363:Edible packaging
348:Active packaging
325:
318:
311:
302:
301:
287:
263:
262:
255:
249:
244:
132:molecular weight
104:tensile strength
44:copolymerization
1969:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1905:
1861:Paper recycling
1856:Packaging waste
1836:Glass recycling
1808:
1802:
1758:Pallet inverter
1678:Conveyor system
1633:Barcode printer
1621:
1597:Track and trace
1552:Plastic welding
1487:Flame treatment
1457:Curtain coating
1390:
1211:Nonwoven fabric
1196:Metallised film
1101:Container glass
1028:
1026:
1020:
996:Tub (container)
894:Padded envelope
665:
491:Case-ready meat
458:
452:
388:Package testing
340:
334:
329:
280:
267:
266:
257:
256:
252:
245:
241:
236:
189:
154:
128:
90:, particularly
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1967:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1952:Food packaging
1949:
1944:
1939:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1821:Can collecting
1818:
1816:Biodegradation
1812:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Tape dispenser
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:Barcode reader
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:Vacuum forming
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Graphic design
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Blow fill seal
1414:
1409:
1407:Authentication
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Shock detector
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Pump dispenser
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:Plastic pallet
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:Package handle
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1041:Aluminium foil
1038:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
976:Stand-up pouch
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
942:
941:
931:
926:
921:
919:Plastic bottle
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
824:Folding carton
821:
816:
811:
809:Euro container
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Disposable cup
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
699:Antistatic bag
696:
691:
686:
681:
675:
673:
667:
666:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
551:Fuel container
548:
546:Food packaging
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
471:Ammunition box
468:
462:
460:
454:
453:
451:
450:
445:
440:
438:Tamper-evident
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
344:
342:
336:
335:
328:
327:
320:
313:
305:
299:
298:
293:
279:
278:External links
276:
275:
274:
272:page 56 and 61
265:
264:
250:
238:
237:
235:
232:
231:
230:
224:
219:
214:
208:
202:
196:
188:
185:
153:
150:
127:
124:
83:
80:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1965:
1964:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Shrink tunnel
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Check weigher
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Bottling line
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Thermoforming
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Roll slitting
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:Laser cutting
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Hermetic seal
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:Security tape
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:Polypropylene
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Packaging gas
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Shipping tube
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
940:
937:
936:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
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845:
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819:Flexible tank
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393:Package theft
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373:Overpackaging
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60:alpha-olefins
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33:
29:
21:
1807:Environment,
1422:Blow molding
1351:Stretch wrap
1281:Polyethylene
1271:Plastic wrap
1261:Plastic film
1246:Paper pallet
1181:Living hinge
1170:
1086:Coated paper
966:Spray bottle
946:Security bag
939:Water sachet
929:Salvage drum
924:Retort pouch
829:Glass bottle
724:Blister pack
689:Aluminum can
656:Water bottle
556:Gas cylinder
531:Field ration
428:Shelf-stable
271:
253:
242:
222:Stretch wrap
180:
174:
170:geomembranes
166:stretch wrap
162:plastic wrap
158:plastic bags
155:
129:
120:heat sealing
85:
78:properties.
40:polyethylene
31:
27:
26:
1937:Polyolefins
1703:Heat sealer
1668:Case sealer
1542:Papermaking
1462:Die cutting
1427:Calendering
1331:Shrink wrap
1206:Molded pulp
1191:Meat diaper
1156:Kraft paper
1136:Foam peanut
1126:Double seam
1096:Coextrusion
1066:Bubble wrap
1046:Bail handle
991:Thermal bag
914:Plastic bag
729:Boil-in-bag
661:Wine bottle
646:Spray paint
601:Popcorn bag
596:Oyster pail
481:Beer bottle
177:metallocene
152:Application
142:rheological
76:rheological
1931:Categories
1783:Staple gun
1763:Palletizer
1653:Can seamer
1522:Lamination
1447:Converting
1336:Slip sheet
1251:Paperboard
1116:Cushioning
1076:Cellophane
1051:Bioplastic
1029:components
1016:Wooden box
986:Tetra Brik
909:Paper sack
884:Multi-pack
834:Gunny sack
704:Bag-in-box
671:Containers
536:Flour sack
521:Egg carton
496:Coffee bag
476:Banana box
418:Shelf life
234:References
195:(XLPE/PEX)
126:Processing
110:than does
1876:Recycling
1683:Drum pump
1626:Machinery
1477:Extrusion
1395:Processes
1366:Tear tape
1356:Susceptor
1346:Strapping
1301:Screw cap
1276:Polyester
1121:Desiccant
1025:Materials
1006:Unit load
961:Skin pack
904:Paper bag
774:Clamshell
516:Drink can
448:Wrap rage
332:Packaging
137:viscosity
100:comonomer
1942:Plastics
1809:post-use
1698:Heat gun
1648:Calender
1557:Printing
1386:Velostat
1381:Tinplate
1216:Overwrap
1141:Gel pack
1131:Flip-top
1036:Adhesive
971:Squround
874:Mesh bag
859:Jerrycan
804:Envelope
744:Bulk box
621:Sand bag
586:Milk bag
571:Juicebox
486:Box wine
459:packages
229:(UHMWPE)
187:See also
146:recycled
48:ethylene
1532:Molding
1437:Coating
1432:Canning
1091:Coating
1081:Closure
839:Inhaler
694:Ampoule
566:Growler
457:Product
339:General
96:Philips
92:Ziegler
52:olefins
36:polymer
16:Polymer
1916:
1851:Litter
1693:Filler
1236:Pallet
934:Sachet
799:Endcap
764:Carton
759:Carboy
734:Bottle
714:Barrel
341:topics
213:(MDPE)
207:(LDPE)
201:(HDPE)
181:mLLDPE
72:octene
68:hexene
64:butene
1241:Paper
1161:Label
1061:BoPET
784:Crate
70:, or
32:LLDPE
1071:Bung
1011:Vial
1001:Tube
899:Pail
794:Drum
769:Chub
754:Case
749:Cage
112:LDPE
1166:Lid
1027:and
869:Keg
864:Jug
854:Jar
739:Box
709:Bag
261:. .
94:or
62:as
46:of
1933::
183:.
164:,
122:.
66:,
324:e
317:t
310:v
38:(
30:(
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