660:
84:
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97:
635:. In recent years the shore has been receding at an average rate of up to 10 feet (3.3 m) per year. Although a series of barricades has been put up to protect the village, the shore has continued to erode at an alarming rate. The Army Corps of Engineers has built a series of walls but none have been completely effective against waves. The town's homes, water system and infrastructure are being undermined. Currently, Shishmaref has obtained funds to construct seawalls that protect some of the shoreline.
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organizations, is seeking federal, state and private funding for a move elsewhere. The cost of moving
Shishmaref is estimated at $ 180 million, nearly $ 320,000 per resident. The village was told by the Obama administration that no federal money was available, therefore tensions arose in 2013 when John Kerry announced Vietnam would receive $ 17 million to deal with climate change.
1091:
The clinic utilizes NSHC's electronic medical record system, as well as other modern technologies including video teleconferencing and remote medication dispensing, in order to provide quality care to its patients. Healthcare providers of various specialties also routinely visit the clinic to provide additional services, screenings, and chronic disease state management.
646:
Residents voted on town relocation several times, as early as 1975 and then in 2002 which approved it. On August 16, 2016, the village voted to move the town to the mainland. The town's residents prefer to think of the move to the mainland as an "expansion" rather than a "relocation", but although a
1090:
Local healthcare services are provided by the
Katherine Miksruag Olanna Health Clinic, a member of the Norton Sound Health Corporation (NSHC) based in Nome, AK. Certified health aides provide general services including lab work, vaccinations, health screenings, and treatment of acute health issues.
964:
In the city, the population was spread out, with 40.9% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 12.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
960:
living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.96 and the average family size was 4.59.
638:
The village had plans to relocate several miles to the south, on the mainland to the Tin Creek site. However, Tin Creek proved unsuitable for long term settlement due to melting permafrost in the area. The
Shishmaref Erosion and Relocation Coalition, made up of the city, the IRA Council and other
606:
Sarichef Island (on which
Shishmaref is located) is part of a dynamic, 100 km-long barrier island chain that records human and environmental history spanning the past 2000 years; the oldest subaerial evidence for the formation of this system is about 1700 years before present, according to
642:
Erosion rates along the island front exceed (and are not comparable with) those along adjacent sectors. Erosion is occurring along the entire island chain, but it is exacerbated at
Sarichef Island in part because of the hydrographic impacts of hard armoring of a sandy shoreface and permafrost
932:
of 2000, there were 562 people, 142 households, and 110 families residing in the city. The population density was 202.0 inhabitants per square mile (78.0/km). There were 148 housing units at an average density of 53.2 per square mile (20.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.24%
607:
carbon 14 dating (see
References, below). Erosion at Shishmaref is unique along the islands because of its fetch exposure and high tidal prism, relatively intense infrastructure development during the 20th century, and multiple shoreline defense structures built beginning in the 1970s.
1399:
Jordan, J.W., 1989. Rhythmic berm ridge deposition on the coastal barriersof northern Seward
Peninsula, Alaska. In: Coastal Sediment Mobility;Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Coastal Sedimentology, W.F. Tanner ed., Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
996:
There are three main roads, Main Street-Airport Road, Housing Trail and Clinic Road. Roads are not paved but have street lighting and do not connect to the outside beyond
Shishmaref. Vehicles are mostly ATVs with a few private vehicles and dirt motorcycles.
988:. Shishmaref School is the only school in town and serves grades Pre-K through 12 with a population of 183 students and 33 pre-school children. There are 19 teachers at Shishmaref School and is the largest and newest building in settlement.
1409:
Jordan, J.W., 1987. Erosion characteristics and retreat rates along the north coast of Seward
Peninsula. Chapter 7, In: Bering Land Bridge National Preserve: an Archeological Survey, J. Schaaf ed., National Park Service, Alaska Region,
549:‘(son of) marine’. The name was assigned in 1821 to a nearby inlet by explorer Otto von Kotzebue of the Russian Imperial Marine, in honor of a member of his expedition, the commander
1238:
1173:
1119:
968:
The median income for a household in the city was $ 30,714, and the median income for a family was $ 29,306. Males had a median income of $ 35,357 versus $ 25,000 for females. The
705:
Shishmaref is known for its Native art. Local artists carve sculptures from whalebone and walrus ivory, that are much sought after by galleries in Alaska and the Lower 48 states.
2050:
588:, the city has a total area of 7.3 square miles (19 km), of which, 2.8 square miles (7.3 km) of it is land and 4.5 square miles (12 km) of it (61.62%) is water.
1014:
Houses in
Shishmaref are pre-fabricated and mostly single story. Construction material is mostly wood board and sometimes metal. The homes are often damaged from erosion.
1645:
1390:
Jordan, J.W., and O.K. Mason, 1999. A 5000 year record of intertidal peat stratigraphy and sea- level change from northwest Alaska. Quaternary International 60:37-47
1006:
is the only means of connecting the town to the rest of Alaska. The airport replaced an earlier airport which is now occupied by housing near the lagoon.
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Residents rely heavily on a subsistence lifestyle, that is, hunting and gathering much of their food. Primary food sources include sea mammals such as
643:
degradation that is accelerated by infrastructure. Residents are experiencing the effects of coastal retreat on residential and commercial properties.
128:
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village. Researchers, journalists and the occasional tourist visit Shishmaref, and the city has acquired a reputation for being a gracious host.
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Some residents will travel by wood vessels around Sarichef Island and a barge delivers goods and materials to Shishmaref when it is ice free.
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Policing is provided by Shishmaref Police Department and fire services are provided by Shishmaref Volunteer Fire Department.
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upon Shishmaref is sometimes seen as the most dramatic in the world. Rising temperatures have resulted in a reduction in the
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was selected in 2016, there’s still a lot of planning and research to be done before that can be determined viable.
232:
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Shishmaref first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated in 1969.
96:
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A Dutch multimediaproject in progress on the consequences of climate change to the social life of the villagers
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Tip of the iceberg : my 3,000-mile journey around wild Alaska, the last great American frontier
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for the city was $ 10,487. About 16.2% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the
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that the village is built on has also begun to melt, making the shore even more vulnerable to
2005:
1914:
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616:
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2012:
1972:
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Of the 142 households, 52.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were
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Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data
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1624:"Alaska Village Electric Cooperative | Shishmaref – Crowley barge making delivery"
1452:"Leaving Their Ancestral Home: Alaska Village Votes to Move Due to Climate Change"
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1701:"Moving the Village" - an audio documentary about Shishmaref and Climate Change
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Sometimes referred to as "the friendliest village in Alaska," Shishmaref is an
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709:(1911–2001), a prominent Iñupiaq sculptor and draftsman lived in Shishmaref.
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698:. The village is well known in the region for its high-quality seal oil and
1992:
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976:, including 21.2% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.
973:
679:
1646:"Arctic Shishmaref home lost to erosion – Alaska Conservation Foundation"
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246:
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1949:
1480:"Amid an Erosion Crisis, Shishmaref Takes Small Steps Toward Expansion"
628:
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1421:"Human and Economic Indicators - Village of Shishmaref, North Alaska"
312:
957:
346:
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Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development
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Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development
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Shishmaref was home to one of Alaska's most-beloved dog mushers.
691:
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716:(1929–2006), known as the "Shishmaref Cannonball," finished the
1322:
Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change
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1232:"Alaska Taxable 2011: Municipal Taxation - Rates and Policies"
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and five miles from the mainland. Shishmaref lies within the
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425:
572:‘waters of Qikiqtaq’, shown in the map of the area in the
419:
413:
1572:
568:) means ‘island’. The water to the south of it is called
416:
2051:
Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Arctic Ocean
1708:"Climate change threatens life in Shishmaref, Alaska"
1136:. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League. 2015. p. 147.
443:
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Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs
422:
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1748:is available for free viewing and download at the
1692:Arctic Change: Village of Shishmaref, North Alaska
1286:Michael Arvaarluk Kusugak, Vancouver Island, 2020.
1140:
1477:
720:numerous times, including a second-place finish.
2027:
1543:
1721:
1705:
1237:. Division of Community and Regional Affairs,
1172:. Division of Community and Regional Affairs,
663:Women from the village of Shishmaref, c. 1970s
1771:
1272:Webster, Donald H.; Zibell, Wilfried (1970).
1271:
1192:
1190:
1069:Bingo Hall - near Main Street and Clinic Road
1018:Local businesses and other places of interest
591:Shishmaref was named in 1821 by explorer Lt.
472:
54:
39:
1894:
1598:"Shishmaref School - OpenContent Curriculum"
1343:
1778:
1764:
1376:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1187:
953:of any race were 0.53% of the population.
1449:
1134:2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory
1112:1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory
2056:Populated places in the Seward Peninsula
1450:Thorbecke, Catherine (August 18, 2016).
1262:, Oxford, 1972, Oxford University Press.
658:
603:who accompanied him on his exploration.
1072:Shishmaref Lutheran Church and Cemetery
623:which serves to buffer Shishmaref from
14:
2028:
747:
1759:
1339:
1337:
945:, and 1.42% from two or more races.
541:‘fat’, but there is also Old Russian
530:Shishmaryov is probably a variant of
481:
462:
1471:
574:Bering Land Bridge National Preserve
516:Bering Land Bridge National Preserve
278:4.93 sq mi (12.76 km)
262:7.27 sq mi (18.82 km)
1724:"Tragedy of a village built on ice"
1706:John D. Sutter (December 3, 2009).
1565:
1478:Emily Hofstaedter (June 28, 2019).
270:2.34 sq mi (6.06 km)
24:
2046:Cities in Nome Census Area, Alaska
1893:
1786:Municipalities and communities of
1551:"Census of Population and Housing"
1334:
1276:. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
737:
103:
25:
2072:
1722:John D. Sutter (March 29, 2017).
1664:
991:
610:
518:. The population was 563 at the
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102:
95:
82:
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1297:"Sea engulfing Alaskan village"
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1241:. January 2012. Archived from
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13:
1:
1150:. United States Census Bureau
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1022:
986:Bering Strait School District
29:City in Alaska, United States
1344:Adams, Mark (May 15, 2018).
1122:. January 1996. p. 142.
984:Shishmaref is served by the
979:
718:Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race
647:site on the mainland called
579:
525:
307:246.26/sq mi (95.08/km)
7:
1577:United States Census Bureau
1206:United States Census Bureau
1148:"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"
1078:Bulk Fuel Tank - city owned
1060:
1041:
586:United States Census Bureau
553:(Глеб Семёнович Шишмарёв).
10:
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1526:"George Twok Aden Ahgupuk"
1118:: Alaska Municipal League/
1009:
654:
2001:
1948:
1923:
1905:
1891:
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1687:The History of Shishmaref
1274:Iñupiat Eskimo Dictionary
1198:"Shishmaref city, Alaska"
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1789:Nome Census Area, Alaska
965:there were 121.3 males.
627:. At the same time, the
1047:Shishmaref Native Store
686:, fish, birds (such as
522:, up from 562 in 2000.
1899:
1656:on September 18, 2011.
1650:alaskaconservation.org
1348:. New York, New York.
1050:Nayokpuk General Store
664:
455:
144:66.25556°N 166.07222°W
40:
1897:
1573:"U.S. Census website"
1505:National Park Service
919:U.S. Decennial Census
729:Historical population
662:
617:global climate change
597:Imperial Russian Navy
330: • Summer (
286:16 ft (5 m)
2014:United States portal
1898:Nome Census Area map
1745:ALASKAN SCOUT (1963)
1431:on November 15, 2004
1212:on February 12, 2020
682:), other seals, and
649:West Tin-Creek Hills
510:, just north of the
483:[ʂɨʂmɐˈrʲɵf]
304: • Density
149:66.25556; -166.07222
1983:Pilgrim Hot Springs
1258:Boris O. Unbegaun:
730:
707:George Aden Ahgupuk
551:Gleb S. Shishmaryov
545:‘rogue, knave’ and
502:. It is located on
140: /
1900:
1727:(Video & Text)
1711:(Video & Text)
1634:on March 31, 2017.
1487:KNOM Radio Mission
1248:on April 25, 2013.
1004:Shishmaref Airport
728:
665:
599:, after Capt. Lt.
464:[qixiqtaq]
296: • Total
275: • Water
259: • Total
116:Location in Alaska
2023:
2022:
1483:(Audio with Text)
1330:978-1-59691-130-7
1066:Friendship Center
1037:Shishmaref School
970:per capita income
923:
922:
593:Otto von Kotzebue
584:According to the
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267: • Land
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16:(Redirected from
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2041:Cities in Alaska
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558:Iñupiaq language
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1303:. July 30, 2004
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1553:. Census.gov
1545:
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1170:"Shishmaref"
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1075:IRA Building
1034:City Offices
1013:
1002:
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974:poverty line
967:
963:
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724:Demographics
711:
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680:bearded seal
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673:
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625:storm surges
614:
605:
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538:
537:from Turkic
534:
529:
468:
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400:
229:Donald Olson
197:Incorporated
26:
2036:Chukchi Sea
1973:King Island
1950:Ghost towns
1927:communities
1845:St. Michael
1582:January 31,
1535:December 1,
1400:pp.137-150.
1216:January 23,
1179:January 23,
1154:October 29,
1031:New Airport
520:2010 census
508:Chukchi Sea
247:Neal Foster
185:Census Area
147: /
135:166°04′20″W
2030:Categories
1875:Unalakleet
1860:Shishmaref
1855:Shaktoolik
1463:August 18,
1410:Anchorage.
1364:1021063881
1098:References
1053:Washeteria
1023:Government
928:As of the
629:permafrost
564:(formally
535:Shyshmánov
402:Shishmaref
386:feature ID
291:Population
242:State rep.
217:Donna Barr
206:Government
132:66°15′20″N
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36:Shishmaref
18:Shishmaref
1372:cite book
1307:March 27,
980:Education
941:), 5.34%
688:ptarmigan
595:, of the
580:Geography
526:Etymology
359:Area code
313:Time zone
283:Elevation
1988:Tin City
1865:Stebbins
1850:Savoonga
1628:avec.org
1510:April 8,
1457:ABC News
1435:June 19,
1324:, 2006,
1301:BBC News
1086:Services
1061:Services
1042:Business
947:Hispanic
937:(mainly
566:Ḳigiḳtaḳ
562:Qigiqtaq
474:Шишмарёв
469:Kigiqtaq
456:Qigiqtaq
377:02-69770
347:ZIP code
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41:Qigiqtaq
1968:Dickson
1963:Council
1940:Solomon
1935:Haycock
1830:Golovin
1825:Gambell
1815:Diomede
1557:June 4,
1056:Tannery
1010:Housing
939:Inupiat
692:caribou
669:Iñupiaq
655:Culture
633:erosion
621:sea ice
556:In the
532:Russian
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1116:Juneau
951:Latino
930:census
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734:Census
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547:Maréev
539:šyšman
496:Alaska
341:(AKDT)
178:Alaska
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1958:Bluff
1880:Wales
1835:Koyuk
1246:(PDF)
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943:White
884:23.2%
869:15.7%
854:47.6%
839:23.0%
824:11.9%
794:15.2%
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