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31:
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Fujii Y, Oshima R, Yamanouchi H, Mizuki N (1974) Some
Factors Affecting the Frequency of Accidents in Marine Traffic: I- The Diameter of Evasion for Crossing Encounters, II- The probability of Stranding, III- The Effect of Darkness of the Probability of Collision and Stranding. The Journal of
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When unintentional, grounding may result simply in stranding, with or without damage to the submerged part of the ship's hull. Breach of the hull may lead to significant flooding, which in the absence of containment in watertight bulkheads may substantially compromise the ship's structural
431:
Mohammad Ehsan Khaled, Yasumi
Kawamura, Mohammad Sayem Bin Abdullah, Arnob Banik, Abul Kalam Faruk, Mohammad Riad Khan, Assessment of Collision & Grounding Risk At Chittagong Port, Bangladesh, 11th International Conference on Marine Technology MARTEC 2018, UTM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Severe grounding applies extreme loads upon ship structures. In less severe accidents, it might result only in damage to the hull; however, in most serious accidents, it might lead to hull breaches, cargo spills, total loss of the vessel, and, in the worst cases, human casualties.
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Montewka, J., Krata, P., Goerlandt, F., Mazaheri, A., Kujala, P., (2011), “Marine traffic risk modelling - an innovative approach and a case study”, Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O, Journal of Risk and Reliability, Vol.225, No.3, pp.307-322,
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Quy N.M., Vrijling J.K., Gelder P.H.A.J.M. van, Groenveld R. (2006) On the assessment of ship grounding risk in restricted channels. Paper presented at The 8th
International Conference on Marine Sciences and Technologies - Black Sea Conference, Varna, Bulgaria, September
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Mazaheri, A., Goerlandt, F., Montewka, J., Kujala, P., (2012), “A decision support tool for VTS centers to detect grounding candidates”, International
Journal of Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol.6, No.3,
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Kite-Powell HL, Jin D, Jebsen J, Papakonstantinou V, Patrikalakis N (1999) Investigation of
Potential Risk Factors for Groundings of Commercial Vessels in U.S. Ports. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 9
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Grounding accounts for about one-third of commercial ship accidents, and ranks second in frequency, after ship-on-ship collision. Grounding accidents are being studied in many international ports with serious concerns, e.g.
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Mazaheri, A., Montewka, J., Kujala, P., (2014), "Modeling the risk of ship grounding - A literature review from a risk management perspective", WMU-Journal of
Maritime Affairs, Vol. 13, No.2, pp.269-297,
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Brown A, Haugene B (1998) Assessing the Impact of
Management and Organizational Factors on the Risk of Tanker Grounding. Paper presented at the 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference
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Praetorius G (2012) Safety within the Vessel
Traffic Service (VTS) Domain - Understanding the role of the VTS for safety within maritime traffic management. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg
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Mazaheri, A., and
Ylitalo, J., (2010), “Comments on geometrical modeling of ship grounding”, 5th International Conference on Collision and Grounding of Ships (ICCGS), June 14th - 16th, Espoo, Finland
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Amrozowicz MD (1996) The need for a probabilistic risk assessment of the oil tanker industry and a qualitative assessment of oil tanker groundings. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Pedersen PT Collision and Grounding Mechanics. In: Proceedings of WEMT '95', Copenhagen, Denmark, 1995. The Danish Society of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
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Samuelides MS, Ventikos NP, Gemelos IC (2009) Survey on grounding incidents: Statistical analysis and risk assessment. Ships and Offshore Structures 4 (1):55-68
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The ship contains hazardous material and can cause environmental damage if the material is released, which will eventually happen if stranded long enough
81:, for maintenance or repair, or unintentional, as in a marine accident. In accidental cases, it is commonly referred to as "running aground".
45:
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Briggs MJ, Borgman LE, Bratteland E (2003) Probability assessment for deep-draft navigation channel design. Coastal Engineering 48:29-50
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A stranded ship experiences significant stress on its structure and will eventually become a shipwreck if not properly dealt with
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When accidental grounding occurs, the ship or its cargo, will need to be removed if possible. This is done for various reasons:
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Jebsen JJ, Papakonstantinou VC (1997) Evaluation of the Physical Risk of Ship Grounding. Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
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Amrozowicz MD (1996) The Quantitative Risk of Oil Tanker Groundings. Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
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The grounded ship remains seaworthy so the ship is removed in order to be repaired and return to service
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Lin S-C (1999) Physical Risk Analysis of Ship grounding. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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contribution in collision and grounding of oil tankers. Risk Analysis 30 (4):674-698
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A ship might be removed to prevent unauthorized entry into the ship by locals
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performing rescue operations for a ship grounded near
110:Among the causes of unintentional grounding are:
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73:or waterway side. It may be intentional, as in
16:Impact of a ship on seabed or waterway side
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19:For intentional grounding, see
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154:War, terror attack, and piracy
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177:A stranded ship is unsightly
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213:2021 Suez Canal obstruction
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461:Navigation 27 (2):239-247
319:10.1007/s13437-013-0056-3
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40:St. George Island, Alaska
36:United States Coast Guard
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265:grounding and oil spill
189:The grounded ship is a
56:stuck in the Suez Canal
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270:Spectacle Reef Light
136:Geometry of waterway
225:Beaching (nautical)
49:The container ship
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300:References
248:Riverdance
206:Port Royal
124:Visibility
52:Ever Given
488:25th-27th
388:(1):16-21
241:oil spill
208:grounding
204:2009 USS
89:As hazard
79:careening
25:careening
233:disaster
198:See also
160:Recovery
118:Darkness
75:beaching
58:in 2021.
115:Current
293:Suevic
106:Causes
71:seabed
148:Speed
127:Waves
263:Rena
130:Wind
121:Tide
34:The
23:and
341:doi
315:doi
291:SS
283:SS
275:SS
254:MV
246:MS
65:or
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