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Shield nickel

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through the unity of the states. The crossed arrows, whose ends are visible near the bottom of the shield, symbolize nonaggression, but imply readiness against attack. The laurel branches, taken from Greek tradition, symbolize victory. In heraldic engraving, vertical lines represent red, clear areas white and horizontal lines blue, thus the escutcheon is colored red, white and blue and is meant to evoke the American flag. Bowers does not consider the reverse design an artistic work, but one which is purely mechanical, obtained by punching characters and devices into a steel hub.
153: 113: 888: 375: 527:, compelled by law to accept the coins, found that the Treasury would not accept them as deposits except in lots of $ 100, in accordance with the authorizing statute. In 1871, Congress alleviated the problem by passing legislation allowing the Treasury to redeem unlimited quantities of nickels and other low-denomination coins when presented in lots of not less than $ 20. It would not be until 1933, long after the shield design passed from the scene, that the nickel was made legal tender without limit. 902: 549: 557: 874: 495:. The rays were eliminated from the design in early 1867, in the hopes of eliminating some of the production problems. The transition to the new design was to occur on February 1, 1867, but it is likely the mint used up the remaining dies with the old design in the interest of economy. The design change created confusion among the population, with many people assuming one design or the other was a 300:, or tails, design was modified in 1867. Even so, production difficulties continued, causing many minor varieties which are collected today. Minting of the Shield nickel for circulation was suspended in 1876 for a period of over two years due to a glut of low-denomination coinage, and it was struck in only small quantities until 1882. The following year, the coin was replaced by 535:
production of any denomination if additional coins were not needed. Improved economic conditions, combined with low silver prices, brought large quantities of hoarded silver coinage, including half dimes, into circulation beginning in April 1876. In late 1876, production of the Shield nickel was halted under the 1873 act. No Shield nickels were struck in 1877 or 1878, excepting
391:, the weight was amended to 77.19 grains (5.00 g), ostensibly to make the weight equal to five grams in the metric system but more likely so that Wharton could sell more nickel. This made the new coin heavy in comparison to the three-cent copper-nickel coin. The bill passed without debate on May 16, 1866. The new copper-nickel coin was 419:, one with a shield similar to the design he had prepared for the two-cent piece. Longacre altered the two-cent design by shifting the location of the two arrows in the design, removed the scroll on which "In God We Trust" had been inscribed (the first time that motto had appeared on a U.S. coin), and added a cross, apparently intending a 327:, issued in denomination as low as three cents. Although specie (gold or silver coins) was hoarded or exported, the copper-nickel cent, then the only base metal denomination being struck, also vanished. In 1864, Congress began the process of restoring coins to circulation by abolishing the three-cent note and authorizing bronze 511:, in his history of the United States Mint and its coins, noted that Linderman had proposed legislation increasing the proportion of nickel in the alloy to a third despite having earlier opposed the use of nickel in coins. Taxay suggested that Linderman was most likely influenced by Wharton and the metal's other advocates. 386:
had a near-monopoly on the mining of nickel in the United States and sought to promote its use in coinage. He was also highly influential in Congress. His friends there, though they had failed to obtain the metal's use for the two-cent piece, had been more successful with the three-cent coin. Pollock
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The final year of production saw an overdate, 1883/2, with a visible "2" under or near the digit "3". This variety was caused by the use of 1882-dated dies which were not destroyed at the end of the year, but were instead repunched with a four-digit logotype, "1883". Five different dies are known to
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specimens for collectors. As the Treasury had a large stock of nickels in storage, only small numbers were struck over the next few years; full-scale production began again on December 12, 1881. The 1880 nickel, with only 16,000 pieces struck for circulation, remains the rarest non-proof Shield
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Shield nickel proof mintages from before 1878 are modern estimates and may vary—for example, Bowers estimates 800–1,200 for the 1866 piece, while Peters estimates 375+. The issue is complicated by the fact that restrikes were made of proofs, sometimes years after the inscribed date. Mint officials,
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as a defensive weapon, symbolizing strength and self-protection through unity. The upper part of the shield, or "chief", symbolizes Congress, while the 13 vertical stripes, or "paleways" symbolize the states; consequently the entire escutcheon symbolizes the strength of the federal government
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had been opposed to striking coins containing nickel but in view of the initial success of the copper-nickel three-cent piece, he became an advocate of striking five-cent pieces in the same metal. In his 1865 report Pollock wrote, "From this nickel alloy, a coin for the denomination of five cents,
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on the obverse and the Roman numeral "V" on the reverse, was approved. The following year the Barber design replaced the Shield nickel. The Barber design was first struck on Jan. 30, 1883 and placed in circulation Feb. 1, 1883. Mint officials desired to discourage hoarding and speculation of 1883
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The Shield nickel series has yielded a large number of varieties. Howard Spindel, a leading expert on Shield nickels, notes that Shield nickel dies produced far fewer coins than other coin dies, as the dies wore out so fast that the Mint was continually under great pressure to produce new ones.
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ended the production of the half dime. Despite the abolition, the silver pieces continued to circulate in the West, where silver or gold coins were preferred, and the nickel was disliked, throughout the remainder of the 19th century. The act also gave the Mint Director the authority to suspend
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By late 1869, enough nickels, as the coin came to be called, had been produced to meet the needs of commerce, and production dropped off. The new coins tended to accumulate in the hands of merchants beyond the legal tender limit, but banks refused to accept them beyond the one-dollar maximum.
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became chief engraver in 1880, and the following year was asked to produce uniform designs for the nickel, the three-cent piece, and a proposed copper-nickel cent. While the redesign of the two lower denominations did not occur, in 1882, Barber's design for the nickel, with the head of the
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varieties, caused by misalignment when the heated die was repeatedly pressed against the hub to transfer the design. There are several different kinds of repunched dates, including a variety in which the numeral "1" is much smaller than usually found on the Shield nickel.
355:, Congress's "immediate infuriated response was to pass a law retiring the 5¢ denomination, and another to forbid portrayal of any living person on federal coins or currency." Clark only kept his job because of the personal intervention of Treasury Secretary 499:, and the Mint considered abandoning the shield design entirely. | Seeking alternatives to the difficult-to-work copper-nickel alloy, in June 1867 Longacre proposed that the five-cent piece be struck in aluminum. The new Mint director, 576:
As with many denominations of United States coins, there are two major varieties of the 1873 piece. The initial variety, known as the "close 3" or "closed 3", was struck first. These coins led to a complaint by the chief coiner,
859:)", reused dies which had supposedly been destroyed to strike pieces for favored collectors or dealers. This practice led to incongruous pieces, with a dated obverse mated with a reverse not placed in use until years later. 335:, with low intrinsic values, to be struck. These new coins initially proved popular, though the two-cent piece soon faded from circulation. On March 3, 1865, Congress passed legislation authorizing the Mint to strike 593:
The 1867 redesign of the reverse had not solved the problems of short die life and poor striking; with a view to a redesign, pattern coins were struck in 1868 and 1871, but the Shield nickel remained in production.
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In 1864, Congress had authorized a third series of fractional currency notes. The five-cent note was to bear a portrait of "Clark", but Congress was appalled when the issue came out not bearing a portrait of
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designs proposed by Longacre included one with a number 5 within a circle of thirteen stars, each separated from the next by rays. Another reverse design featured the numeral within a wreath.
371: ... in time of peace ... coins of inferior alloy should not be permitted to take the place permanently of silver in the coinage of pieces above the denomination of three cents." 487:
was brief. The design of the coins was widely criticized, with Wharton describing the shield design as suggesting "a tombstone surmounted by a cross and overhung by weeping willows." The
316:(originally spelled "half dismes"), were struck in silver. The alloy used was originally .892 silver with the remainder copper; in 1837 the silver portion was increased to .900. 415:
to prepare a design as quickly as possible. With the five cent authorization bill pending in Congress, Longacre had produced patterns as early as late 1865. Longacre produced
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prepared a bill authorizing a five-cent coin of the same alloy as the three-cent piece and a total weight not to exceed 60 grains (3.9 g). At the committee stage in the
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have been so reused, and Bowers estimates a mintage of 118,975 pieces. Spindel estimates that only 0.2%–0.3% of the pieces have survived to the present.
503:, objected to the proposal, stating that the price and supply of aluminum were as yet uncertain, and that the metal was too expensive to use in a minor coin. 323:
caused most American coins to vanish from circulation, with the gap filled by such means as merchant tokens, encased postage stamps, and United States
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described it as "the ugliest of all known coins". More seriously, the reverse design reminded many of the "stars and bars" motif of the defeated
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proof Shield nickels, and received permission on Feb. 6, 1883 to continue production of proof Shield nickels concurrent with proofs of the new
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Bowers points to the 1868 nickel as "a playground for repunching , errors, and the like". Specialists have found more than sixty different
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Five-cent pieces had been struck by the United States Mint since 1792. They were the first coins struck by Mint authorities. These
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required that the coin be heavier than the Mint had suggested, allowing Wharton to sell more of the metal to the government.
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in the late 18th century. Those disappeared from circulation, along with most other coins, in the economic turmoil of the
608:. Proof Shield nickels continued to be struck until June 26, 1883 when the last 1500 proof shield nickels were produced. 363: 332: 293: 2568: 2442: 2269: 3229: 3030: 2617: 2528: 3066: 3007: 2464: 2343: 285:—a metal in which he had significant financial interests. When the Mint proposed a copper-nickel five-cent piece, 262:, and was the first five-cent coin referred to as a "nickel"—silver pieces of that denomination had been known as 3204: 468: 3108: 3089: 2293: 1914: 1735: 1685: 400: 367:
and which would be a popular substitute for the five cent note, could easily be made ... only until the
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According to Spindel, many dies were hastily and carelessly produced, producing numerous minor varieties.
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Since coinage was to begin immediately, it was necessary for the Mint's chief engraver,
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Website on Shield nickels, maintained by Howard Spindel, an authority on the nickel.
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Longacre's two-cent piece; its design was the basis for the Shield nickel.
3133: 2816: 2763: 2753: 2679: 2669: 2626: 2499: 2383: 2373: 2222: 2212: 2126: 2116: 2015: 2005: 1813: 1793: 1715: 569: 504: 442:, acting on Pollock's recommendation, selected the shield design for the 51: 374: 254:, the coin was issued from 1866 until 1883, when it was replaced by the 3214: 3148: 3103: 2938: 2743: 1783: 1763: 1748: 524: 1613: 940: 479:
The new coins proved difficult to produce; due to the hardness of the
3123: 1970: 1853: 508: 313: 263: 480: 483:, the coins were not of high quality and the life of the striking 443: 351:, head of the Currency Bureau. According to numismatic historian 1640: 1490:
Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins
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All pieces struck at the Philadelphia mint, without mintmark.
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Silver half dimes had been struck from the early days of the
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A Guide Book of United States Coins (The Official Red Book)
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Storeowners were forced to discount the coins to brokers.
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in exchange for coin of the United States, excluding the
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First US five cent piece to be made out of copper-nickel
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The Complete Guide to Shield & Liberty Head Nickels
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Montgomery, Paul; Borckardt, Mark; Knight, Ray (2005).
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Denomination surrounded by stars, separated by rays
1010: 1525: 1509:History of the United States Mint and its Coinage 1063: 980: 950: 948: 258:. The coin takes its name from the motif on its 3420: 3029: 939:A new U.S. nickel still weighs exactly 5 grams. 1468:A Guide Book of Shield and Liberty Head Nickels 307: 945: 471:, Longacre's design focused on the shield, or 204:Denomination surrounded by stars, rays removed 3015: 1662: 933: 852:despite what Bowers terms "official denials ( 1544: 1399: 1375: 1297: 1285: 1237: 1198: 1171: 1087: 954: 3352:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins 3022: 3008: 2302:Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse) 1867:(1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) 1669: 1655: 192: 151: 111: 2465:Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin) 1678:Circulating coinage of the United States 555: 547: 513: 448: 406: 373: 339:of 75% copper and 25% nickel. 1545:Peters, Gloria; Mohon, Cynthia (1995). 3421: 3358:American Liberty high relief gold coin 2990:) Planned but production not commenced 2981:Currently produced for collectors only 2286:Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories) 1584: 1462: 1447: 1435: 1423: 1411: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1312: 1273: 1249: 1210: 1156: 958: 3003: 1918:(1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) 1877:(1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) 1650: 1565: 1506: 1484: 1387: 1363: 1261: 1222: 1186: 1141: 1129: 1110: 1075: 1051: 1034: 1019: 1004: 992: 853: 123:Shield representing the United States 3434:Five-cent coins of the United States 2863:(1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) 1511:. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. 1470:. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. 1551:. Virginia Beach, Va.: DLRC Press. 292:Longacre's design was based on his 246:, the same alloy of which American 13: 2294:Washington (America the Beautiful) 14: 3445: 1634: 2909:Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢) 2542:(1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) 1530:. Irvine, Ca.: Zyrus Press Inc. 941:U.S. Mint, "Coin Specifications" 900: 886: 872: 2321:Washington (Semiquincentennial) 1456: 489:American Journal of Numismatics 469:Great Seal of the United States 459:According to numismatic author 588: 250:are struck today. Designed by 62:20.50 mm (0.8077 in) 47: 1: 1857:(1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) 1492:. New York, N.Y.: Doubleday. 921: 615: 369:resumption of specie payments 240:United States five-cent piece 3031:Coinage of the United States 543: 308:Background and authorization 7: 2311:Washington (American Women) 865: 611: 281:advocated coins containing 10: 3450: 2262:Washington (eagle reverse) 518:1867 "Indian Head" pattern 3367: 3306: 3228: 3167: 3080: 3037: 2978:) Currently in production 2960: 2895: 2848: 2805: 2742: 2721: 2658: 2625: 2616: 2569:Eisenhower (bicentennial) 2453: 2342: 2331:Washington (youth sports) 2270:Washington (bicentennial) 2201: 2178: 2087: 1969: 1926: 1895: 1747: 1684: 1568:The U.S. Mint and Coinage 224: 216: 208: 200: 191: 183: 175: 167: 159: 150: 145: 137: 127: 119: 110: 105: 97: 74: 66: 58: 43: 31: 24: 1507:Lange, David W. (2006). 389:House of Representatives 304:'s Liberty head design. 2009:(1796–1797, 1800–1805) 1400:Peters & Mohon 1995 1376:Peters & Mohon 1995 1298:Peters & Mohon 1995 1286:Peters & Mohon 1995 1238:Peters & Mohon 1995 1199:Peters & Mohon 1995 1172:Peters & Mohon 1995 1088:Peters & Mohon 1995 955:Peters & Mohon 1995 552:1873 "closed 3" variety 2919:Two dollar piece ($ 2) 2660:Quarter eagle ($ 2.50) 2443:Kennedy (bicentennial) 1064:Montgomery et al. 2005 981:Montgomery et al. 2005 561: 553: 519: 456: 379: 2278:Washington (50 State) 2066:Buffalo (Indian Head) 1958:Nickel (Liberty Head) 1948:Bronze (Coronet Head) 1616:"Coin Specifications" 1528:Million Dollar Nickel 560:1873 "open 3" variety 559: 551: 517: 454:James Barton Longacre 452: 407:Design and production 377: 50: g (0.1615  3401:(1976, 1992–present) 908:United States portal 625:Circulation strikes 347:, the explorer, but 3340:First Spouse (gold) 2850:Double eagle ($ 20) 2722:Three dollars ($ 3) 2605:American Innovation 1566:Taxay, Don (1983). 1414:, pp. 132–133. 1351:, pp. 124–125. 1339:, pp. 110–111. 1327:, pp. 102–103. 1225:, pp. 245–246. 1132:, pp. 244–245. 1078:, pp. 241–244. 606:Liberty Head nickel 325:fractional currency 256:Liberty Head nickel 225:Design discontinued 184:Design discontinued 21: 3429:1866 introductions 2598:(2007–2016; 2020) 2580:(1979–1981; 1999) 2180:Twenty cents (20¢) 2029:(1866; 1909–1910) 1847:(1839–1857, 1868) 916:Metric Act of 1866 894:Numismatics portal 652:1867 without rays 601:goddess of Liberty 562: 554: 520: 493:Confederate States 457: 437:Treasury Secretary 380: 271:United States Mint 242:to be made out of 19: 3414: 3413: 3342:(2007–2016; 2020) 2997: 2996: 2939:Half union ($ 50) 2891: 2890: 2627:Gold dollar ($ 1) 2475:Nova Constellatio 2354:Nova Constellatio 2344:Half dollar (50¢) 2098:Nova Constellatio 1696:Nova Constellatio 1599:978-0-7948-4506-3 1577:978-0-915262-68-7 1558:978-1-880731-52-9 1537:978-0-9742371-8-3 1518:978-0-7948-1972-9 1499:978-0-385-14207-6 1477:978-0-7948-1921-7 1438:, pp. 81–83. 1426:, pp. 78–79. 1378:, pp. 11–12. 1300:, pp. 76–81. 927:Explanatory notes 849: 848: 735:4,113,950 (est.) 596:Charles E. Barber 579:A. Loudon Snowden 413:James B. Longacre 337:three-cent pieces 302:Charles E. Barber 252:James B. Longacre 232: 231: 212:James B. Longacre 171:James B. Longacre 132:James B. Longacre 3441: 3399:Silver Proof Set 3387:Special Mint Set 3194: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3001: 3000: 2987:bold and italics 2953: 2943: 2933: 2923: 2913: 2884: 2874: 2870:Quintuple Stella 2864: 2841: 2831: 2821: 2798: 2788: 2778: 2768: 2758: 2744:Half eagle ($ 5) 2735: 2714: 2704: 2694: 2684: 2674: 2651: 2641: 2623: 2622: 2609: 2599: 2591: 2581: 2578:Susan B. Anthony 2573: 2563: 2553: 2543: 2533: 2523: 2513: 2503: 2489: 2479: 2469: 2446: 2438: 2428: 2418: 2408: 2398: 2388: 2378: 2368: 2358: 2335: 2325: 2315: 2305: 2297: 2289: 2281: 2273: 2265: 2257: 2253:Standing Liberty 2247: 2237: 2227: 2217: 2194: 2171: 2161: 2151: 2141: 2131: 2121: 2111: 2080: 2070: 2060: 2050: 2040: 2030: 2020: 2010: 2000: 1990: 1962: 1952: 1942: 1928:Three cents (3¢) 1919: 1909: 1888: 1878: 1868: 1858: 1848: 1838: 1828: 1818: 1808: 1798: 1788: 1778: 1768: 1764:Fugio (Franklin) 1740: 1730: 1720: 1710: 1700: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1648: 1647: 1630: 1628: 1627: 1618:. Archived from 1603: 1581: 1562: 1541: 1522: 1503: 1481: 1464:Bowers, Q. David 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1391: 1385: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1241: 1235: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1175: 1169: 1160: 1154: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1127: 1114: 1108: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1049: 1038: 1032: 1023: 1017: 1008: 1002: 996: 990: 984: 978: 962: 952: 943: 937: 910: 905: 904: 903: 896: 891: 890: 889: 882: 877: 876: 875: 855: 784:1878 proof only 773:1877 proof only 616: 532:Mint Act of 1873 349:Spencer M. Clark 196: 155: 115: 98:Years of minting 22: 18: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3410: 3363: 3346:Palladium Eagle 3302: 3224: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3163: 3104:1¢ (large size) 3095: 3091: 3090: 3076: 3033: 3028: 2998: 2993: 2956: 2946: 2936: 2926: 2916: 2906: 2898: 2887: 2877: 2867: 2857: 2844: 2834: 2824: 2814: 2801: 2791: 2781: 2771: 2761: 2751: 2738: 2731:Indian Princess 2728: 2717: 2707: 2697: 2687: 2677: 2667: 2654: 2647:Indian Princess 2644: 2634: 2612: 2602: 2594: 2590:(2000–present) 2584: 2576: 2566: 2556: 2546: 2536: 2526: 2516: 2506: 2492: 2482: 2472: 2462: 2449: 2441: 2437:(1964–present) 2431: 2421: 2414:Walking Liberty 2411: 2401: 2391: 2381: 2371: 2361: 2351: 2338: 2328: 2318: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2284: 2276: 2268: 2260: 2250: 2240: 2230: 2220: 2210: 2197: 2187: 2174: 2170:(1946–present) 2164: 2154: 2144: 2134: 2124: 2114: 2104: 2083: 2079:(1938–present) 2073: 2063: 2053: 2043: 2033: 2023: 2013: 2003: 1993: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1955: 1945: 1935: 1922: 1912: 1902: 1891: 1887:(1909–present) 1881: 1871: 1861: 1851: 1841: 1831: 1821: 1811: 1801: 1791: 1781: 1771: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1733: 1723: 1713: 1703: 1693: 1680: 1675: 1637: 1625: 1623: 1600: 1578: 1559: 1538: 1519: 1500: 1478: 1459: 1454: 1446: 1442: 1434: 1430: 1422: 1418: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1394: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1355: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1304: 1296: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1244: 1236: 1229: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1197: 1193: 1185: 1178: 1170: 1163: 1155: 1148: 1140: 1136: 1128: 1117: 1109: 1094: 1086: 1082: 1074: 1070: 1062: 1058: 1050: 1041: 1033: 1026: 1018: 1011: 1003: 999: 991: 987: 979: 975: 966: 965: 953: 946: 938: 934: 924: 906: 901: 899: 892: 887: 885: 878: 873: 871: 868: 724:436,050 (est.) 641:1867 with rays 614: 591: 546: 501:Henry Linderman 461:Q. David Bowers 429:Abraham Lincoln 409: 357:Salmon P. Chase 333:two-cent pieces 310: 294:two-cent pieces 93: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3447: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3383:(1947–present) 3378: 3377:(1936–present) 3371: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3360:(2015–present) 3355: 3349: 3348:(2017–present) 3343: 3337: 3336:(2006–present) 3331: 3330:(1997–present) 3328:Platinum Eagle 3325: 3324:(1986–present) 3319: 3318:(1986–present) 3312: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3234: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3086: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3043: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3027: 3026: 3019: 3012: 3004: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2982: 2979: 2972: 2969: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2944: 2934: 2924: 2914: 2903: 2901: 2897:Other canceled 2893: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2875: 2865: 2854: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2832: 2822: 2811: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2799: 2789: 2779: 2769: 2759: 2748: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2705: 2695: 2685: 2675: 2664: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2652: 2642: 2631: 2629: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2600: 2592: 2582: 2574: 2564: 2554: 2544: 2534: 2524: 2519:Seated Liberty 2514: 2504: 2490: 2480: 2470: 2459: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2439: 2429: 2419: 2409: 2399: 2394:Seated Liberty 2389: 2379: 2369: 2359: 2348: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2336: 2326: 2316: 2306: 2298: 2290: 2282: 2274: 2266: 2258: 2248: 2238: 2233:Seated Liberty 2228: 2218: 2207: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2190:Seated Liberty 2184: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2172: 2162: 2152: 2142: 2137:Seated Liberty 2132: 2122: 2112: 2102: 2093: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2071: 2061: 2051: 2041: 2036:Seated Liberty 2031: 2021: 2011: 2001: 1991: 1980: 1978: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1953: 1943: 1932: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1910: 1899: 1897: 1896:Two cents (2¢) 1893: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1879: 1869: 1859: 1849: 1839: 1829: 1819: 1809: 1799: 1789: 1779: 1769: 1758: 1756: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1741: 1731: 1721: 1711: 1701: 1690: 1688: 1686:Half cent (5₥) 1682: 1681: 1674: 1673: 1666: 1659: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1641:Shield Nickels 1636: 1635:External links 1633: 1632: 1631: 1605: 1604: 1598: 1582: 1576: 1563: 1557: 1542: 1536: 1523: 1517: 1504: 1498: 1482: 1476: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1452: 1440: 1428: 1416: 1404: 1392: 1390:, p. 285. 1380: 1368: 1366:, p. 123. 1353: 1341: 1329: 1317: 1302: 1290: 1278: 1266: 1264:, p. 258. 1254: 1242: 1227: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1189:, p. 245. 1176: 1161: 1146: 1144:, p. 247. 1134: 1115: 1113:, p. 100. 1092: 1080: 1068: 1056: 1054:, p. 244. 1039: 1037:, p. 246. 1024: 1009: 1007:, p. 243. 997: 995:, p. 388. 985: 972: 964: 963: 944: 931: 930: 923: 920: 919: 918: 912: 911: 897: 883: 867: 864: 847: 846: 843: 840: 836: 835: 832: 829: 825: 824: 821: 818: 814: 813: 810: 807: 803: 802: 799: 796: 792: 791: 788: 785: 781: 780: 777: 774: 770: 769: 766: 763: 759: 758: 755: 752: 748: 747: 744: 741: 737: 736: 733: 730: 726: 725: 722: 719: 718:1873 closed 3 715: 714: 711: 708: 704: 703: 700: 697: 693: 692: 689: 686: 682: 681: 678: 675: 671: 670: 667: 664: 660: 659: 656: 653: 649: 648: 645: 642: 638: 637: 634: 631: 627: 626: 623: 620: 613: 610: 590: 587: 545: 542: 540:nickel today. 440:Hugh McCulloch 408: 405: 384:Joseph Wharton 382:Industrialist 362:Mint Director 309: 306: 279:Joseph Wharton 238:was the first 230: 229: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 189: 188: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 148: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 108: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 92: 91: 85: 78: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 45: 41: 40: 35:5 cents (0.05 33: 29: 28: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3446: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3417: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3230:Commemorative 3227: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2952:(not minted) 2951: 2950: 2949:Union ($ 100) 2945: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2922:(not minted) 2921: 2920: 2915: 2912:(not minted) 2911: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2899:denominations 2894: 2882: 2881: 2880:Saint-Gaudens 2876: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2203:Quarter (25¢) 2200: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1774:Silver center 1770: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1622:on 2015-02-18 1621: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486:Breen, Walter 1483: 1479: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1450:, p. 34. 1449: 1444: 1437: 1432: 1425: 1420: 1413: 1408: 1402:, p. 95. 1401: 1396: 1389: 1384: 1377: 1372: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1350: 1345: 1338: 1333: 1326: 1321: 1315:, p. 90. 1314: 1309: 1307: 1299: 1294: 1288:, p. 81. 1287: 1282: 1276:, p. 77. 1275: 1270: 1263: 1258: 1252:, p. 75. 1251: 1246: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1224: 1219: 1213:, p. 67. 1212: 1207: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1174:, p. 16. 1173: 1168: 1166: 1159:, p. 54. 1158: 1153: 1151: 1143: 1138: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1089: 1084: 1077: 1072: 1066:, p. 25. 1065: 1060: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1022:, p. 99. 1021: 1016: 1014: 1006: 1001: 994: 989: 983:, p. 22. 982: 977: 973: 971: 970: 961:, p. 63. 960: 956: 951: 949: 942: 936: 932: 929: 928: 917: 914: 913: 909: 898: 895: 884: 881: 870: 863: 860: 858: 844: 841: 838: 837: 833: 830: 827: 826: 822: 819: 816: 815: 811: 808: 805: 804: 800: 797: 794: 793: 789: 786: 783: 782: 778: 775: 772: 771: 767: 764: 761: 760: 756: 753: 750: 749: 745: 742: 739: 738: 734: 731: 728: 727: 723: 720: 717: 716: 712: 709: 706: 705: 701: 698: 695: 694: 690: 687: 684: 683: 679: 676: 673: 672: 668: 665: 662: 661: 657: 654: 651: 650: 646: 643: 640: 639: 635: 632: 629: 628: 624: 621: 618: 617: 609: 607: 602: 597: 586: 582: 580: 574: 571: 566: 558: 550: 541: 538: 533: 528: 526: 516: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 474: 470: 466: 462: 455: 451: 447: 445: 441: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 417:pattern coins 414: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 385: 376: 372: 370: 365: 364:James Pollock 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 345:William Clark 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 315: 305: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 244:copper-nickel 241: 237: 236:Shield nickel 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 149: 144: 140: 136: 133: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 109: 104: 100: 96: 90: 86: 84: 80: 79: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26:United States 23: 20:Shield nickel 3416: 3405:Prestige Set 3393:Souvenir Set 3368:Special sets 3334:Gold Buffalo 3316:Silver Eagle 2986: 2985: 2975: 2965: 2947: 2937: 2932:(1879–1880) 2929:Stella ($ 4) 2927: 2917: 2907: 2883:(1907–1933) 2878: 2868: 2860:Liberty Head 2858: 2840:(1907–1933) 2835: 2830:(1838–1907) 2827:Liberty Head 2825: 2820:(1795–1804) 2815: 2807:Eagle ($ 10) 2797:(1908–1929) 2792: 2787:(1839–1908) 2784:Liberty Head 2782: 2777:(1834–1838) 2774:Classic Head 2772: 2767:(1808–1834) 2762: 2757:(1795–1807) 2752: 2734:(1854–1889) 2729: 2713:(1908–1929) 2708: 2703:(1840–1907) 2700:Liberty Head 2698: 2693:(1834–1839) 2690:Classic Head 2688: 2683:(1808–1834) 2678: 2673:(1796–1807) 2668: 2650:(1854–1889) 2645: 2640:(1849–1854) 2637:Liberty Head 2635: 2608:(2018–2032) 2603: 2596:Presidential 2585: 2572:(1975–1976) 2567: 2562:(1971–1978) 2557: 2547: 2537: 2532:(1873–1885) 2527: 2522:(1840–1873) 2517: 2512:(1836–1839) 2507: 2493: 2488:(1794–1795) 2485:Flowing Hair 2483: 2473: 2463: 2455:Dollar ($ 1) 2445:(1975–1976) 2432: 2427:(1948–1963) 2422: 2417:(1916–1947) 2412: 2407:(1892–1915) 2402: 2397:(1839–1891) 2392: 2387:(1807–1839) 2382: 2377:(1796–1807) 2372: 2367:(1794–1795) 2364:Flowing Hair 2362: 2352: 2334:(2027–2030) 2330: 2329: 2320: 2319: 2314:(2022–2025) 2309: 2296:(2010–2021) 2280:(1999–2008) 2272:(1975–1976) 2264:(1932–1998) 2256:(1916–1930) 2251: 2246:(1892–1916) 2241: 2236:(1838–1891) 2231: 2226:(1815–1838) 2221: 2216:(1796–1807) 2211: 2193:(1875–1878) 2188: 2165: 2160:(1916–1945) 2155: 2150:(1892–1916) 2145: 2140:(1837–1891) 2135: 2130:(1809–1837) 2125: 2120:(1796–1807) 2115: 2105: 2096: 2074: 2069:(1913–1938) 2064: 2059:(1883–1913) 2056:Liberty Head 2054: 2049:(1866–1883) 2045: 2044: 2039:(1837–1873) 2034: 2024: 2019:(1829–1837) 2014: 2004: 1999:(1794–1795) 1996:Flowing Hair 1994: 1984: 1961:(1865–1889) 1956: 1946: 1941:(1851–1873) 1936: 1913: 1903: 1882: 1872: 1864:Flying Eagle 1862: 1852: 1844:Braided Hair 1842: 1837:(1816–1839) 1832: 1827:(1808–1814) 1824:Classic Head 1822: 1817:(1796–1807) 1812: 1807:(1793–1796) 1802: 1792: 1782: 1772: 1762: 1739:(1840–1857) 1736:Braided Hair 1734: 1726:Classic Head 1724: 1714: 1704: 1694: 1624:. Retrieved 1620:the original 1607: 1606: 1589: 1586:Yeoman, R.S. 1567: 1547: 1527: 1508: 1489: 1467: 1457:Bibliography 1443: 1431: 1419: 1407: 1395: 1383: 1371: 1344: 1332: 1320: 1293: 1281: 1269: 1257: 1245: 1240:, p. 5. 1218: 1206: 1201:, p. 4. 1194: 1137: 1090:, p. 3. 1083: 1071: 1059: 1000: 988: 976: 968: 967: 935: 926: 925: 880:Money portal 861: 856: 850: 729:1873 open 3 592: 583: 575: 567: 563: 529: 521: 488: 478: 465:coat of arms 458: 410: 393:legal tender 381: 361: 353:Walter Breen 341: 318: 311: 291: 268: 235: 233: 52:troy oz 3407:(1983–1997) 3395:(1972–1998) 3389:(1964–1967) 3354:(2010–2021) 3200:3¢ (bronze) 3177:2¢ (billon) 3124:5¢ (silver) 3119:3¢ (nickel) 3114:3¢ (silver) 3039:Circulating 2837:Indian Head 2817:Capped Bust 2794:Indian Head 2764:Capped Bust 2754:Draped Bust 2710:Indian Head 2680:Capped Bust 2670:Draped Bust 2495:Draped Bust 2384:Capped Bust 2374:Draped Bust 2223:Capped Bust 2213:Draped Bust 2127:Capped Bust 2117:Draped Bust 2016:Capped Bust 2006:Draped Bust 1976:nickel (5¢) 1874:Indian Head 1834:Matron Head 1814:Draped Bust 1804:Liberty Cap 1729:(1809–1836) 1719:(1800–1808) 1716:Draped Bust 1709:(1793–1797) 1706:Liberty Cap 1614:U.S. Mint. 1448:Bowers 2006 1436:Bowers 2006 1424:Bowers 2006 1412:Yeoman 2017 1349:Bowers 2006 1337:Bowers 2006 1325:Bowers 2006 1313:Bowers 2006 1274:Bowers 2006 1250:Bowers 2006 1211:Bowers 2006 1157:Bowers 2006 959:Bowers 2006 834:11,472,900 680:16,395,000 669:28,817,000 658:28,890,500 636:14,742,500 589:Replacement 570:doubled die 525:Postmasters 497:counterfeit 217:Design date 176:Design date 138:Design date 75:Composition 3423:Categories 3322:Gold Eagle 3134:$ 1 (gold) 2968:) Obsolete 2559:Eisenhower 2089:Dime (10¢) 2026:Washington 1986:Half disme 1754:penny (1¢) 1749:Large cent 1626:2010-08-25 1388:Taxay 1983 1364:Lange 2006 1262:Taxay 1983 1223:Taxay 1983 1187:Taxay 1983 1142:Breen 1988 1130:Taxay 1983 1111:Lange 2006 1076:Taxay 1983 1052:Taxay 1983 1035:Breen 1988 1020:Lange 2006 1005:Taxay 1983 993:Taxay 1983 922:References 845:1,451,500 768:2,530,000 757:2,097,000 746:3,538,000 713:6,036,000 691:4,806,000 647:2,019,000 507:historian 505:Numismatic 473:escutcheon 425:Washington 314:half dimes 264:half dimes 37:US dollars 3375:Proof Set 2587:Sacagawea 2167:Roosevelt 2076:Jefferson 1971:Half dime 969:Citations 544:Varieties 509:Don Taxay 467:from the 401:half cent 321:Civil War 275:Civil War 101:1866–1883 3381:Mint Set 3169:Canceled 3082:Obsolete 2971:Canceled 2509:Gobrecht 2424:Franklin 1588:(2017). 1488:(1988). 1466:(2006). 866:See also 702:561,000 612:Mintages 481:planchet 397:Treasury 287:Congress 209:Designer 168:Designer 128:Designer 59:Diameter 3308:Bullion 3190:⁄ 3094:⁄ 2966:italics 2942:(1877) 2873:(1879) 2478:(1783) 2468:(1776) 2434:Kennedy 2357:(1783) 2324:(2026) 2304:(2021) 2288:(2009) 2157:Mercury 2110:(1792) 1989:(1792) 1951:(1863) 1908:(1836) 1884:Lincoln 1797:(1793) 1787:(1793) 1777:(1792) 1767:(1787) 823:68,800 812:16,000 801:25,900 765:1,150+ 721:1,100+ 688:1,000+ 622:Proofs 444:obverse 433:Reverse 298:reverse 260:obverse 248:nickels 146:Reverse 106:Obverse 2539:Morgan 2498:(1795– 2404:Barber 2243:Barber 2147:Barber 2101:(1783) 2046:Shield 1938:Silver 1915:Bronze 1905:Billon 1794:Wreath 1699:(1783) 1608:Online 1596:  1574:  1555:  1534:  1515:  1496:  1474:  854:a.k.a. 842:5,419 831:3,100 820:3,575 809:3,955 798:3,200 787:2,350 421:pattee 283:nickel 201:Design 160:Design 120:Design 89:nickel 83:copper 3298:2020s 3293:2010s 3288:2000s 3283:1990s 3278:1980s 3273:1970s 3268:1950s 3263:1940s 3258:1930s 3253:1920s 3248:1910s 3243:1900s 3238:1800s 3220:$ 100 3139:$ 2.5 2549:Peace 2529:Trade 2107:Disme 1784:Chain 839:1883 828:1882 817:1881 806:1880 795:1879 776:510+ 762:1876 754:700+ 751:1875 743:700+ 740:1874 710:950+ 707:1872 699:960+ 696:1871 685:1870 677:600+ 674:1869 666:600+ 663:1868 655:600+ 633:600+ 630:1866 619:Year 537:proof 329:cents 70:Plain 48:5.000 32:Value 3215:$ 50 3159:$ 20 3154:$ 10 2976:bold 2618:Gold 2500:1804 1854:Ring 1594:ISBN 1572:ISBN 1553:ISBN 1532:ISBN 1513:ISBN 1494:ISBN 1472:ISBN 857:lies 644:25+ 530:The 485:dies 331:and 319:The 234:The 228:1883 220:1867 187:1867 179:1866 141:1866 87:25% 81:75% 67:Edge 44:Mass 3210:$ 4 3205:$ 2 3149:$ 5 3144:$ 3 3129:20¢ 3072:$ 1 3067:50¢ 3062:25¢ 3057:10¢ 1973:and 1751:and 3425:: 3109:2¢ 3052:5¢ 3047:1¢ 2502:) 1356:^ 1305:^ 1230:^ 1179:^ 1164:^ 1149:^ 1118:^ 1095:^ 1042:^ 1027:^ 1012:^ 947:^ 790:0 779:0 732:0 431:. 359:. 266:. 3195:¢ 3192:2 3188:1 3185:+ 3183:2 3099:¢ 3096:2 3092:1 3023:e 3016:t 3009:v 2984:( 2974:( 2964:( 1670:e 1663:t 1656:v 1629:. 1602:. 1580:. 1561:. 1540:. 1521:. 1502:. 1480:. 54:) 39:)

Index

US dollars
5.000
troy oz
copper
nickel

James B. Longacre


United States five-cent piece
copper-nickel
nickels
James B. Longacre
Liberty Head nickel
obverse
half dimes
United States Mint
Civil War
Joseph Wharton
nickel
Congress
two-cent pieces
reverse
Charles E. Barber
half dimes
Civil War
fractional currency
cents
two-cent pieces
three-cent pieces

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