653:
32:
47:
20:
207:
in Africa and the Levant were more culturally sophisticated than had previously been thought. In some cases shells had been transported a considerable distance from the species' natural habitat. One example is the site of
492:
Bouzouggar, A.; Barton, N.; Vanhaeren, M.; d'Errico, F.; Collcutt, S.; Higham, T.; Hodge, E.; Parfitt, S.; Rhodes, E.; Schwenninger, J. -L.; Stringer, C.; Turner, E.; Ward, S.; Moutmir, A.; Stambouli, A. (2007).
223:, from 50–40,000 years ago onwards, when they spread with modern humans to Europe and Asia. They generally take the form of perforated shells (as well as other hard organic material such as
604:
457:
d'Errico, F.; Henshilwood, C.; Vanhaeren, M.; Van
Niekerk, K. (2005). "Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: Evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age".
138:, or the shells of freshwater mollusks. Not all shell jewelry is made from whole shells; some kinds are made from parts of shells, including the shell layer known as
628:"The necklace from the Strážnice site in the Hodonín district (Czech Republic). A contribution on the subject of Spondylus jewellery in the Neolithic"
546:"Out of Africa: Modern Human Origins Special Feature: Additional evidence on the use of personal ornaments in the Middle Paleolithic of North Africa"
406:
Vanhaereny, M.; d'Errico, F.; Stringer, C.; James, S. L.; Todd, J. A.; Mienis, H. K. (2006). "Middle
Paleolithic Shell Beads in Israel and Algeria".
153:
In recent times, inexpensive shell jewelry is often found at tropical beach destinations, where it is offered to tourists as informal wear, or as a
209:
544:
d'Errico, F.; Vanhaeren, M.; Barton, N.; Bouzouggar, A.; Mienis, H.; Richter, D.; Hublin, J. -J.; McPherron, S. P.; Lozouet, P. (2009).
950:
704:
183:
in Israel, and were recently dated to between 100,000 and 135,000 years ago. Similar ornaments (some made from shells of
58:
dating from 5000-7000 BC shows the skeletons of two women who were buried wearing necklaces made of numerous
216:
bead was found; at the time the shell was used there, this site was at least 190 km away from the sea.
495:"82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behavior"
239:
ivory) which are thought to have been suspended and used as jewelry. The most commonly found species are
173:
The oldest known jewelry in the world consists of two perforated beads made from shells of the sea snail
204:
1700:
1695:
1161:
180:
663:
652:
136:
997:
819:
605:"Personal Ornaments in the Early Upper Paleolithic of Western Eurasia: an Evaluation of the Record"
352:
Balter, M. (Jun 2006). "Archaeology. First jewelry? Old shell beads suggest early use of symbols".
132:). Occasionally shell jewelry is made from the shells of non-marine mollusks such as the shells of
1628:
721:
697:
267:. Fossil shells were used alongside those of contemporary species. Some shells were stained with
1002:
1528:
241:
185:
165:. In fact, shell beads are the oldest form of jewelry known, dating back over 100,000 years.
147:
1365:
1022:
557:
415:
175:
279:
species were used, again circulating over distances of hundreds of kilometers. During the
8:
1360:
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561:
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67:
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377:
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220:
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124:
As well as sea snail shells, shell jewelry also sometimes uses the shells of clams (
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361:
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106:
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31:
157:. However, shell jewelry has a very ancient past, and is of great importance in
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1518:
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46:
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276:
570:
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sites, and are considered a key piece of evidence for the theory that early
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40:
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1043:
919:
869:
744:
739:
638:. Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani: 265–277.
19:
1445:
1390:
1265:
1178:
1136:
1038:
987:
924:
899:
774:
328:
158:
133:
94:
1146:
1591:
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1355:
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63:
51:
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Abstract of a paper on
Polynesian tree snail shells used in jewelry
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992:
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118:
90:
79:
24:
113:. Numerous other varieties of shell jewelry are made, including
1554:
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1048:
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729:
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105:, where each individual bead is the whole (but often drilled)
1533:
1523:
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859:
834:
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224:
143:
682:
1405:
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1325:
1087:
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102:
625:
401:
399:
396:
619:
626:Gardelková-Vrtelová, Anna; Golej, Marián (2013).
1687:
603:Fernández, Esteban Álvarez; Jöris, Olaf (2007).
550:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
499:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
602:
698:
219:Shell ornaments were very common during the
97:. One very common form of shell jewelry is
705:
691:
643:
579:
569:
520:
510:
45:
30:
18:
287:were made with the shells of 3 genera
1688:
351:
199:) have been discovered at a number of
101:that are composed of large numbers of
686:
679:, University of Hawaii Press, 189 pp.
23:Shell jewelry for sale on a beach in
16:Jewelry made primarily of seashells
13:
669:
212:in Algeria, for example, where an
150:which is part of some sea snails.
14:
1712:
179:. These beads were discovered at
651:
271:. In Europe, the shells of both
168:
596:
537:
485:
450:
345:
1:
712:
677:Pacific Jewelry and Adornment
366:10.1126/science.312.5781.1731
339:
93:. Shell jewelry is a type of
471:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.002
82:that is primarily made from
7:
302:
10:
1717:
459:Journal of Human Evolution
205:anatomically modern humans
1642:
1604:
1547:
1469:
1240:
1177:
1116:
1078:
1071:
1031:
933:
887:
880:
720:
189:and the bittersweet clam
146:, and the "trapdoor" or
1207:Nickel silver (alpacca)
632:Documenta Praehistorica
571:10.1073/pnas.0903532106
512:10.1073/pnas.0703877104
428:10.1126/science.1128139
72:
43:
28:
1548:Other natural objects
242:Homalopoma sanguineum
186:Nassarius kraussianus
49:
34:
22:
1023:Wire wrapped jewelry
1003:Repoussé and chasing
265:Nassarius gibbosulus
197:Nassarius gibbosulus
176:Nassarius gibbosulus
1565:Ebonite (vulcanite)
609:Eurasian Prehistory
562:2009PNAS..10616051D
420:2006Sci...312.1785V
414:(5781): 1785–1788.
260:Nassarius mutabilis
192:Glycymeris nummaria
128:) and tusk shells (
910:Jewellery designer
675:Roger Neich, 2004
248:Littorina obtusata
201:Middle Paleolithic
73:
44:
35:Necklaces made in
29:
1683:
1682:
1600:
1599:
1470:Organic gemstones
1067:
1066:
221:Upper Paleolithic
1708:
1701:Seashells in art
1696:Mollusc products
1127:Britannia silver
1076:
1075:
885:
884:
707:
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645:10.4312/dp.40.21
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195:as well as from
86:, the shells of
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1679:
1638:
1596:
1585:Spondylus shell
1543:
1465:
1236:
1222:Stainless steel
1173:
1157:Sterling silver
1117:Precious metal
1112:
1080:Precious metals
1063:
1027:
929:
876:
716:
711:
672:
670:Further reading
660:
650:
624:
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597:
556:(38): 16051–6.
542:
538:
490:
486:
455:
451:
404:
397:
350:
346:
342:
334:Cameo (carving)
314:Dentalium shell
305:
171:
140:mother of pearl
17:
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1646:Related topics
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1018:Wire sculpture
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505:(24): 9964–9.
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360:(5781): 1731.
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1650:Body piercing
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895:Bench jeweler
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283:period shell
282:
278:
277:Mediterranean
274:
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261:
256:
255:
250:
249:
244:
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238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
214:N. gibbosulus
211:
210:Oued Djebbana
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:
188:
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182:
178:
177:
169:In prehistory
166:
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76:Shell jewelry
70:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
42:
38:
33:
26:
21:
1675:Wearable art
1670:Phaleristics
1665:Metalworking
1579:
1570:Gutta-percha
1346:Lapis lazuli
1132:Colored gold
1013:Stonesetting
676:
635:
631:
621:
612:
608:
598:
553:
549:
539:
502:
498:
487:
462:
458:
452:
411:
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324:Shell gorget
264:
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240:
218:
213:
196:
190:
184:
174:
172:
163:anthropology
152:
123:
75:
74:
66:
41:Cook Islands
1612:Art jewelry
1436:Tiger's eye
1341:Labradorite
1291:Chrysocolla
1286:Chrysoberyl
1202:Mokume-gane
1179:Base metals
951:centrifugal
920:Silversmith
795:Ferronnière
745:Belt buckle
740:Belly chain
615:(2): 31–44.
465:(1): 3–24.
134:land snails
109:of a small
1690:Categories
1446:Tourmaline
1391:Prasiolite
1266:Aventurine
1137:Crown gold
1039:Draw plate
988:Metal clay
925:Watchmaker
915:Lapidarist
900:Clockmaker
775:Collar pin
770:Chatelaine
340:References
329:Puka shell
293:Glycymeris
159:archeology
130:scaphopods
95:shellcraft
54:burial in
1592:Toadstone
1529:Operculum
1456:Variscite
1451:Turquoise
1431:Tanzanite
1366:Moonstone
1361:Marcasite
1356:Malachite
1281:Carnelian
1256:Amazonite
1243:gemstones
1217:Pinchbeck
1162:Argentium
1152:Shibuichi
1093:Palladium
1072:Materials
1008:Soldering
998:Polishing
973:Engraving
968:Enameling
934:Processes
905:Goldsmith
840:Tie chain
815:Neck ring
805:Lapel pin
714:Jewellery
374:0036-8075
289:Spondylus
285:necklaces
281:neolithic
257:species,
148:operculum
115:bracelets
111:sea snail
99:necklaces
84:seashells
64:sea snail
52:Stone Age
37:Rarotonga
1660:Gemology
1634:Fineness
1625:(purity)
1560:Bog-wood
1507:Precious
1487:Ammolite
1426:Sunstone
1416:Sodalite
1411:Sapphire
1371:Obsidian
1311:Fluorite
1301:Diopside
1261:Amethyst
1241:Mineral
1232:Tungsten
1227:Titanium
1142:Electrum
1098:Platinum
983:Kazaziye
978:Filigree
956:lost-wax
855:Toe ring
845:Tie clip
820:Pectoral
810:Necklace
785:Cufflink
760:Bracelet
755:Bolo tie
735:Barrette
590:19717433
531:17548808
479:15656934
444:31098527
436:16794076
390:37796531
382:16794051
303:See also
297:Charonia
273:Atlantic
155:souvenir
126:bivalves
119:earrings
91:mollusks
56:Brittany
1655:Fashion
1629:Finding
1477:Abalone
1386:Peridot
1351:Larimar
1336:Kyanite
1321:Howlite
1306:Emerald
1296:Diamond
1169:Tumbaga
1147:Shakudō
1103:Rhodium
1054:Mandrel
993:Plating
946:Casting
941:Carving
850:Tie pin
825:Pendant
800:Genital
790:Earring
581:2752514
558:Bibcode
522:1891266
416:Bibcode
408:Science
354:Science
254:Cyclope
237:mammoth
80:jewelry
62:of the
25:Vietnam
1619:(mass)
1555:Bezoar
1461:Zircon
1421:Spinel
1396:Quartz
1331:Jasper
1316:Garnet
1212:Pewter
1197:Copper
1192:Bronze
1119:alloys
1108:Silver
1059:Pliers
1049:Hammer
961:vacuum
888:People
881:Making
865:pocket
765:Brooch
730:Anklet
588:
578:
529:
519:
477:
442:
434:
388:
380:
372:
319:Wampum
309:Heishe
233:antler
88:marine
68:Trivia
60:shells
27:, 1990
1623:Carat
1617:Carat
1605:Terms
1580:Shell
1534:Pearl
1524:Nacre
1514:Ivory
1502:Black
1497:Coral
1492:Copal
1482:Amber
1441:Topaz
1400:smoky
1271:Beryl
1251:Agate
1187:Brass
1032:Tools
870:strap
860:Watch
835:Tiara
780:Crown
750:Bindi
722:Forms
440:S2CID
386:S2CID
269:ochre
225:tooth
181:Skhul
144:nacre
107:shell
103:beads
1575:Hair
1406:Ruby
1381:Opal
1376:Onyx
1326:Jade
1088:Gold
1044:File
830:Ring
586:PMID
527:PMID
475:PMID
432:PMID
378:PMID
370:ISSN
295:and
275:and
263:and
235:and
229:bone
161:and
117:and
1519:Jet
1275:red
640:doi
576:PMC
566:doi
554:106
517:PMC
507:doi
503:104
467:doi
424:doi
412:312
362:doi
358:312
142:or
78:is
1692::
636:40
634:.
630:.
611:.
607:.
584:.
574:.
564:.
552:.
548:.
525:.
515:.
501:.
497:.
473:.
463:48
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438:.
430:.
422:.
410:.
398:^
384:.
376:.
368:.
356:.
299:.
291:,
251:,
245:,
231:,
227:,
121:.
50:A
39:,
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1398:(
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699:t
692:v
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613:5
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