1762:
1952:
20:
862:
812:
defended the title of Shaykh al Islam for Ibn
Taymiyyah, saying in his own words, " His status as imam, sheikh, Taqiyuddin Ibn Taimiyah, is brighter than the sun. And his title with Shaykhul Islam, we still often hear from holy orals until now, and will continue to survive tomorrow..", which was
739:(10th century AD). In major cities of Khurasan it seems to have had more specific connotations, since only one person held the title at any given time and place. Holders of the title in Khurasan were among the most influential ulama, but there is no evidence that they delivered
828:(himself also given Shaykh al Islam title by his contemporary) defended the usage of the title for him. Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim are both known for contradicting the views of the majority of scholars of all four schools of thought (Hanafi, Shafi'i,
2644:
2654:
2442:
784:, it was given to influential jurists and had an honorific rather than an official role. By 700 AH/1300 AD in the central and western lands of Islam, the term became associated with giving of fatwas.
2407:
2447:
2417:
2503:
2457:
2382:
2156:
2060:
2674:
2307:
2513:
2402:
2287:
2226:
2593:
2035:
2196:
2055:
2543:
2342:
2070:
2004:
947:
2563:
2533:
2040:
2623:
2573:
2347:
2312:
2694:
2553:
2302:
2252:
2161:
2075:
2452:
1940:
694:, starting from the early modern era, the title came to designate the chief mufti, who oversaw a hierarchy of state-appointed ulama. The Ottoman Sheikh al-Islam (French spelling:
2297:
2257:
2588:
2427:
2337:
2095:
2684:
2116:
2618:
2558:
2422:
2332:
2327:
2292:
2523:
2317:
2518:
2508:
2397:
2211:
2146:
2412:
2372:
2216:
2528:
2367:
2085:
1999:
1506:
2065:
1994:
2699:
2482:
2472:
2392:
2206:
2126:
2462:
2131:
2664:
2477:
2201:
2080:
2267:
2181:
2437:
2608:
2598:
2568:
2362:
2272:
2111:
2487:
2467:
2432:
2322:
2262:
2231:
2357:
2186:
2171:
2136:
2679:
2548:
2387:
2277:
2236:
2282:
2176:
2030:
2659:
934:. As the successor entity to the office of the Sheikh ul-Islam, the Presidency of Religious Affairs is the most authoritative entity in Turkey in relation to
2649:
2578:
2377:
2191:
2151:
2020:
2669:
2603:
2583:
1933:
705:
in 1924, the official
Ottoman office of Shaykh al-Islām, already in decline, was eliminated. Modern times have seen the role of chief mufti carried out by
2613:
2141:
2221:
1698:
1057:'Sheikh-ul-Islam,' for instance, should be written 'Sheiklı ul-Islam,' and so forth. This mistake is common, but none the less a mistake." - Review of
1277:
1896:
1984:
1499:
1288:
2730:
1926:
1761:
1741:
952:
926:
was established in 1920, the office of Sheikh ul-Islam was placed in the Shar’iyya wa Awqaf
Ministry. In 1924, the office of Sheikh ul-Islam was
698:) performed a number of functions, including advising the sultan on religious matters, legitimizing government policies, and appointing judges.
1956:
1918:
1771:
1183:
856:
1818:
887:, which controlled much of the Sunni Islamic world from the 14th to the 20th centuries, the Grand Mufti was given the title Sheikh ul-islam (
1683:
911:, which were written interpretations of the Quran that had authority over the community. The Sheikh ul-Islam represented the Sacred Law of
1492:
674:
towards the end of the 4th
Islamic century. In the central and western lands of Islam, it was an informal title given to jurists whose
1808:
1688:
907:. However, once the sultan was affirmed, the sultan retained a higher authority than the Sheik ul-Islam. The Sheikh ul-Islam issued
1515:
758:
the title was conferred, often by the ruler, to high-ranking ulama who performed various functions but were not generally muftis.
1479:
1714:
594:
1399:
1157:
1121:
670:) was used in the classical era as an honorific title for outstanding scholars of the Islamic sciences. It first emerged in
1813:
1734:
1693:
1678:
1653:
1622:
43:
1107:
1803:
1587:
1254:
923:
1086:
2045:
1703:
1668:
1139:
Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, The
Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, p 509-510.
1422:
931:
899:, with the Sheikh ul-Islam holding the highest rank. A Sheikh ul-Islam was chosen by a royal warrant amongst the
1948:
1823:
1144:
1607:
1023:
795:
1729:
2720:
2725:
1791:
1901:
1830:
927:
702:
587:
1189:
798:
issued a fatwa stating that anyone who called Ibn
Taymiyya "Shaykh al-islam" had committed disbelief (
2735:
1289:
The
Biographies Of The Elite Lives Of The Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters by Gibril Fouad Haddad
1094:
2628:
2166:
1193:
888:
866:
655:
2740:
1783:
1230:
1032:
423:
2090:
1301:
1557:
1059:
825:
790:
was given the title by his supporters but his adversaries contested this use. For example, the
620:
558:
2538:
19:
1637:
809:
580:
2121:
1484:
217:
8:
1632:
839:
There is disagreement on whether the title was honorific or represented a local mufti in
770:
292:
1207:
2352:
1428:
1177:
1098:
1044:
766:
678:
were particularly influential, while in the east it came to be conferred by rulers to
1989:
1979:
1673:
1545:
1448:
1260:
1250:
1140:
1117:
919:
874:
762:
563:
1102:
805:
1036:
663:
631:
2050:
1796:
1540:
1458:
992:
972:
769:. He established the office of the Shaikhu'l-Islam under the influence of Sayyid
751:
611:
523:
368:
1040:
1960:
1519:
1438:
1211:
1090:
884:
877:
870:
844:
840:
691:
31:
2025:
2714:
2689:
1591:
1567:
997:
918:
The office of Sheikh ul-islam was abolished in 1924, at the same time as the
643:
538:
403:
393:
383:
1882:
1264:
1084:
1974:
1835:
1627:
977:
787:
687:
498:
458:
438:
222:
202:
915:
and in the 16th century its importance rose which led to increased power.
1244:
987:
935:
706:
508:
363:
1334:
1169:
1330:
814:
736:
553:
518:
1562:
1048:
903:
of important cities. The Sheikh ul-Islam had the power to confirm new
861:
1875:
1858:
473:
388:
378:
353:
308:
242:
237:
187:
152:
1395:
1393:
1617:
1552:
1379:
1360:
833:
755:
732:
671:
568:
493:
478:
373:
92:
87:
82:
77:
1642:
948:
Category:Shaykh al-Islams of the
Religious Council of the Caucasus
1891:
1865:
1390:
957:
821:
818:
747:
548:
453:
433:
348:
282:
272:
227:
192:
107:
102:
97:
72:
1870:
1853:
1612:
1158:"A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the
982:
967:
912:
904:
829:
791:
719:
528:
488:
468:
448:
428:
413:
343:
333:
328:
323:
318:
287:
277:
267:
262:
257:
212:
177:
167:
117:
62:
962:
908:
900:
896:
800:
781:
777:
740:
728:
683:
679:
675:
543:
533:
513:
503:
443:
418:
398:
358:
338:
247:
232:
207:
197:
182:
172:
162:
157:
137:
122:
112:
35:
1514:
1887:
483:
463:
408:
252:
147:
67:
52:
690:, the use of the title was subject to controversy. In the
1480:
Presidency of
Religious Affairs of the Republic of Turkey
682:
who played various official roles but were not generally
127:
1278:
Correct
Islamic Doctrine/Islamic Doctrine by Ibn Khafif
1216:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought
625:
717:Like other honorific titles starting with the word
16:
Arabic honorific for an outstanding Islamic scholar
2026:Kemalpaşazade Ahmet Şemsettin Efendi (İbn-i Kemal)
1335:"كتاب الجواهر والدرر في ترجمة شيخ الإسلام ابن حجر"
1378:Bori, Caterina; Holtzman, Livnat (January 2010).
1162:and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages"
2712:
953:Category:Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire
1206:James Broucek (2013). "Mufti/Grand mufti". In
1149:
1016:
857:List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire
1934:
1500:
1325:
1323:
1205:
1164:. In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.).
588:
1377:
1135:
1133:
709:appointed or elected in a variety of ways.
1941:
1927:
1507:
1493:
1352:
1320:
1302:"Gelar Syaikhul Islam untuk Ibnu Taimiyah"
1231:Studies in two transmissions of the Qur'an
1182:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1108:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
895:). The Ottomans had a strict hierarchy of
595:
581:
1166:The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy
765:, it was implemented during the reign of
1358:
1130:
860:
850:
18:
1329:
1222:
1155:
1065:
824:scholar and follower of Ibn Taymiyyah,
2731:Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire
2713:
2443:Dürrizade Seyit Mehmet Ataullah Efendi
1085:J.H. Kramers- & R.C. Repp (1997).
773:, who had come to Kashmir in 1393 AD.
727:was in the classical era reserved for
23:Shaykh al-Islām in different languages
1922:
1488:
1308:. Dewan Pembina Konsultasisyariah.com
1242:
1019:Reviewed Work: Corps de Droit Ottoman
1199:
892:
659:
2408:Şerifzade Seyit Mehmet Şerif Efendi
1365:Essays in Arabic Literary Biography
1339:al maktabat al shaamilat al haditha
647:
635:
615:
13:
2458:Dürrizade Seyit Mehmet Arif Efendi
2403:Mirzazade Seyit Mehmet Sait Efendi
2227:Ebusaitzade Feyzullah Feyzi Efendi
928:abolished along with the Caliphate
731:and mystics. It first appeared in
712:
14:
2752:
2197:Sunizade Seyit Mehmet Emin Efendi
1699:Ministry of Trade and Agriculture
1473:
1423:In languages of ethnic minorities
1402:, Presidency of Religious Affairs
1400:Establishment and a Brief History
1359:Holtzman, Livnat (January 2009).
1299:
930:. The office was replaced by the
2514:Şerifzade Ataullah Mehmed Efendi
2343:Seyit Mehmet Zeynelabidin Efendi
1950:
1760:
1017:Hogarth, D. G. (January 1906). "
832:, and Hanbali) of their time in
2655:Çelebizade Hüseyin Hüsnü Efendi
2594:Turşucuzade Ahmed Muhtar Efendi
2448:İvazpaşazade İbrahim Bey Efendi
2418:İvazpaşazade İbrahim Bey Efendi
2348:Ebuishakzade Mehmed Esad Efendi
2313:Damatzade Ebulhayr Ahmet Efendi
2157:Karaçelebizade Abdülaziz Efendi
2061:Kadızade Ahmed Şemseddin Efendi
2036:Çivizade Muhiddin Mehmed Efendi
1623:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
1371:
1293:
1282:
932:Presidency of Religious Affairs
686:. Sometimes, as in the case of
2544:Yasincizade Abdülvehhab Efendi
2453:Arapzade Ahmet Ataullah Efendi
1416:
1271:
1236:
1010:
1:
2589:Ahmed Muhtar Molla Bey Efendi
2564:Meşrepzade Mehmed Arif Efendi
2534:Mekkizade Mustafa Asım Efendi
2504:Sâmânizade Ömer Hulusi Efendi
2428:Vassafzade Mehmet Esat Efendi
2383:Çelebizade İsmail Asım Efendi
2338:Hayatizade Mehmet Emin Efendi
2288:Menteşzade Abdürrahman Efendi
2096:Cafer Mustafa Sunullah Efendi
1218:. Princeton University Press.
1024:The English Historical Review
1003:
2695:Dürrizade Abdullah Beyefendi
2675:Ürgüplü Mustafa Hayri Efendi
2619:Uryanizade Ahmed Esad Efendi
2559:Ahmed Arif Hikmet Bey Efendi
2554:Kadızade Mehmed Tahir Efendi
2423:Salihzade Mehmet Emin Efendi
2333:Pirizade Mehmed Sahib Efendi
2328:Feyzullahzade Mustafa Efendi
2308:Paşmakçızade Abdullah Efendi
2303:Mirzazade Şeyh Mehmed Efendi
2162:Hüsamzade Abdurrahman Efendi
2056:Çivizade Damadı Hamid Efendi
1196:) - Cited: p. 40 (PDF p. 42)
7:
2519:Arapzade Mehmed Arif Efendi
2509:Salihzade Ahmed Esad Efendi
2398:Pirizade Osman Sahib Efendi
2298:Yenişehirli Abdullah Efendi
2212:Ankaravi Mehmet Emin Efendi
2071:Çivizade Hacı Mehmed Efendi
2046:Fenarîzade Muhyiddin Çelebi
2005:Efdalzade Hamîdüddin Efendi
1897:Vassal and tributary states
1684:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
941:
924:National Assembly of Turkey
626:
10:
2757:
2685:Haydarizade İbrahim Efendi
2624:Bodrumlu Ömer Lütfi Efendi
2574:Atıfzade Hüsameddin Efendi
2529:Mehmed Zeynelabidin Efendi
2368:Damatzade Feyzullah Efendi
2117:Ebülmeyamin Mustafa Efendi
2086:Bayramzade Zekeriya Efendi
854:
703:abolition of the Caliphate
301:Legal vocations and titles
2700:Medeni Mehmed Nuri Efendi
2637:
2524:Dürrizade Abdullah Efendi
2496:
2483:Seyit Yahya Tevfik Efendi
2473:Seyit Mehmet Kamil Efendi
2393:Ebubekirzade Ahmed Efendi
2318:Ebuishakzade İshak Efendi
2245:
2127:Zekeriyazade Yahya Efendi
2104:
2013:
1967:
1846:
1782:
1769:
1758:
1712:
1651:
1585:
1578:
1533:
1526:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1380:"A Scholar in the Shadow"
1246:Kashmīr under the sultāns
1041:10.1093/ehr/XXI.LXXXI.186
2665:Abdurrahman Nesib Efendi
2629:Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi
2478:Hamitzade Mustafa Efendi
2413:Dürrizade Mustafa Efendi
2373:Dürrizade Mustafa Efendi
2217:Debbağzade Mehmet Efendi
2202:Minkarizade Yahya Efendi
2167:Memikzade Mustafa Efendi
2081:Bostanzade Mehmed Efendi
2041:Abdülkadir Hamidî Çelebi
1689:Ministry of the Interior
1409:
1361:"Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya"
1243:Hasan, Mohibbul (2005).
1194:Martin Luther University
1156:Strauss, Johann (2010).
867:Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi
813:recorded by his student
2645:Mehmed Ziyâeddin Efendi
2293:Ebu İshak İsmail Efendi
2268:Ebezade Abdullah Efendi
2253:Paşmakçızade Ali Efendi
2182:Balizade Mustafa Efendi
2076:Abdülkadir Şeyhî Efendi
2066:Malûlzade Mehmed Efendi
1995:Molla Abdülkerim Efendi
1720:(constitutional period)
1462:
1228:Brockett, Adrian Alan,
1116:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1033:Oxford University Press
796:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
2609:Hasan Hayrullah Efendi
2599:Hasan Hayrullah Efendi
2569:Mehmed Sadeddin Efendi
2463:Müftizade Ahmet Efendi
2363:Abdullah Vassaf Efendi
2273:Mehmed Ataullah Efendi
2258:Yekçeşm Hüseyin Efendi
2147:Hacı Abdürrahim Efendi
2132:Ahizade Hüseyin Efendi
2112:Hocazade Mehmed Efendi
1249:. Delhi: Aakar Books.
1060:Corps de Droit Ottoman
880:
836:and of later periods.
826:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
667:
24:
2358:Seyyid Murtaza Efendi
2187:Bolevi Mustafa Efendi
2172:Hocazade Mesud Efendi
2137:Ebusaid Mehmed Efendi
2000:Alâeddin Arabî Efendi
1638:Dragoman of the Porte
1331:Sakhawi, Shams al Din
864:
855:Further information:
851:In the Ottoman Empire
810:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
22:
2690:Mustafa Sabri Efendi
2438:Seyit İbrahim Efendi
2283:Mirza Mustafa Efendi
2207:Çatalcalı Ali Efendi
2177:Hanefi Mehmet Efendi
2122:Hocazade Esad Efendi
2091:Hoca Sâdeddin Efendi
2031:Sadullah Sadi Efendi
869:during the reign of
2650:Mehmed Sahib Efendi
2579:Mehmed Refik Efendi
2539:Çerkes Halil Efendi
2488:Mustafa Aşir Efendi
2468:Mekkî Mehmet Efendi
2433:Mehmet Şerif Efendi
2378:Mehmed Salih Efendi
2323:Dürri Mehmed Efendi
2263:Sadık Mehmet Efendi
2232:Sadık Mehmet Efendi
2192:Esiri Mehmet Efendi
2152:Bahai Mehmet Efendi
2021:Zenbilli Ali Efendi
1735:Chamber of Deputies
1694:Ministry of Justice
1679:Ministry of Finance
1654:Imperial Government
735:in the 4th century
2726:Islamic honorifics
2680:Ömer Hulusi Efendi
2670:Mehmed Esad Efendi
2604:Hasan Fehmi Efendi
2584:Hasan Fehmi Efendi
2549:Ahmed Reşid Efendi
2388:Veliyyüddin Efendi
2353:Mehmed Said Efendi
2278:İmam Mahmud Efendi
2237:İmam Mehmet Efendi
1814:Armenian Apostolic
1598:(classical period)
1516:State organisation
1306:Konsultasi Syariah
1021:by George Young".
881:
763:Kashmiri Sultanate
25:
2708:
2707:
2660:Musa Kazım Efendi
2614:Kara Halil Efendi
2142:Muid Ahmet Efendi
1980:Fahreddin-i Acemi
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1742:political parties
1674:Ministry of Evkaf
1546:Ottoman Caliphate
1300:Baits, Ammi Nur.
1190:info page on book
1172:. pp. 21–51.
1123:978-90-04-10422-8
1087:"Skaykh al-Islam"
1053:- CITED: p. 189:
920:Ottoman Caliphate
624:
605:
604:
2748:
2736:Islamic scholars
2721:Shaykh al-Islāms
2222:Feyzullah Efendi
1957:Sheikh-ul-Islams
1955:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1809:Eastern Orthodox
1780:
1779:
1764:
1745:
1722:
1715:General Assembly
1661:
1600:
1588:Imperial Council
1583:
1582:
1549:
1531:
1530:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1467:
1454:
1445:(Seïchoul-Islam)
1444:
1435:(Šeyx-ul-Islyam)
1434:
1420:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1208:Gerhard Böwering
1203:
1197:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1153:
1147:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1099:Heinrichs, W. P.
1082:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1014:
894:
865:Sheikh ul-islam
771:Muhammad Hamadan
661:
649:
637:
629:
619:
617:
597:
590:
583:
559:Tabi' al-Tabi'in
27:
26:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2633:
2492:
2241:
2100:
2051:Ebussuud Efendi
2009:
1963:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1917:
1908:
1842:
1824:Coptic Orthodox
1819:Syriac Orthodox
1797:Sheikh ul-Islam
1776:
1773:
1765:
1748:
1739:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1704:Ministry of War
1669:Cadastre Bureau
1662:
1659:(reform period)
1657:
1656:
1647:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1574:
1543:
1541:Ottoman dynasty
1522:
1513:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1455:Šeyx-iwl-islami
1421:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1391:
1384:Oriente Moderno
1376:
1372:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1328:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1223:
1204:
1200:
1175:
1174:
1154:
1150:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1091:Bosworth, C. E.
1083:
1066:
1054:
1015:
1011:
1006:
993:Hujjat al-Islam
973:Sheikh (Sufism)
944:
889:Ottoman Turkish
859:
853:
767:Sultan Sikandar
752:Delhi Sultanate
725:shaykh al-islam
715:
713:Classical usage
696:cheikh-ul-islam
656:Ottoman Turkish
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1450:
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1443:Σεϊχ‐ουλισλάμ
1440:
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1433:Шейх юл-ислям
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688:Ibn Taymiyyah
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648:شِیخُالاسلام
645:
641:
636:شِیخُالاسلام
633:
628:
627:Šayḫ al-Islām
622:
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384:Seghatoleslam
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40:
37:
33:
29:
28:
21:
2638:20th Century
2497:19th Century
2246:18th Century
2105:17th Century
2014:16th Century
1990:Molla Gürâni
1985:Molla Hüsrev
1975:Molla Fenari
1968:15th Century
1836:Hakham Bashi
1804:Christianity
1719:
1658:
1608:Grand Vizier
1597:
1463:şeh ul islam
1418:
1383:
1373:
1364:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:
1310:. Retrieved
1305:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1224:
1215:
1201:
1165:
1159:
1151:
1113:
1106:
1058:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1012:
922:. After the
917:
882:
838:
804:). However,
799:
788:Ibn Taymiyya
786:
775:
760:
745:
724:
718:
716:
707:grand muftis
700:
695:
660:شیخ الاسلام
651:
639:
607:
606:
313:
136:
51:
44:Usul al-Fiqh
42:
1344:16 November
1312:16 November
1103:Lecomte, G.
1035:: 186–189.
988:Grand Mufti
936:Sunni Islam
893:Şeyḫülislām
723:, the term
668:Şeyhülislam
616:شيخ الإسلام
364:Grand Mufti
2715:Categories
1876:Sanjakbeys
1859:Beylerbeys
1847:Provincial
1579:Government
1145:0691134847
1112:Volume IX:
1004:References
847:Anatolia.
843:and early
815:al Sakhawi
746:Under the
519:Mujahideen
1774:divisions
1618:Kazaskers
1429:Bulgarian
1178:cite book
819:Hanbalite
701:With the
652:-ul-Islām
621:romanized
499:Ulu'l-amr
474:Muhaddith
379:Ayatollah
354:Mohyeddin
243:Istishhad
238:Istighfar
153:Mustahabb
1892:Kadiluks
1866:Vilayets
1553:Seraglio
1449:Armenian
1333:(1999).
1265:71835146
1214:(eds.).
1170:Würzburg
1105:(eds.).
942:See also
834:Damascus
808:scholar
806:Shafiite
794:scholar
756:Timurids
754:and the
733:Khurasan
672:Khurasan
650:, Sheikh
569:al-Dawla
509:Mu'azzin
494:Marabout
479:Mujaddid
449:Mufassir
374:Mujtahid
103:Madrasah
93:Istishab
88:Istihsan
83:Istihlal
78:Ikhtilaf
32:a series
30:Part of
1959:of the
1871:Sanjaks
1854:Eyalets
1831:Judaism
1784:Millets
1628:Nişancı
1613:Viziers
1563:Enderûn
1518:of the
1114:San–Sze
978:Mawlānā
958:Allamah
913:Shariah
905:sultans
883:In the
845:Ottoman
822:madhhab
761:In the
748:Ilkhans
664:Turkish
632:Persian
623::
554:Tabi'un
549:Sahabah
454:Murshid
439:Mawlānā
434:Khawaja
424:Mawlawi
349:Allamah
283:Tazkiah
273:Taqiyya
228:Hirabah
193:Fahisha
108:Maslaha
98:Madhhab
73:Ijtihad
1730:Senate
1459:Ladino
1367:: 211.
1263:
1253:
1143:
1120:
1101:&
1049:549456
1047:
1031:(81).
983:Hadrat
968:Sheikh
909:fatwas
875:Caliph
841:Seljuq
830:Maliki
817:. The
792:Hanafi
750:, the
741:fatwas
720:sheikh
684:muftis
676:fatwas
612:Arabic
529:Shahid
489:Sheikh
469:Akhund
429:Khatib
414:Mullah
389:Marja'
344:Faqeeh
334:Hadrat
329:Ashraf
324:Sharif
319:Sayyid
309:Caliph
288:Thawab
278:Tawbah
268:Taghut
263:Tafsir
258:Sunnah
213:Ghibah
188:Bid'ah
178:Baligh
168:Makruh
118:Taqlid
63:Ijazah
1902:Rayas
1888:Kazas
1792:Islam
1643:Birûn
1592:Porte
1439:Greek
1410:Notes
1386:: 19.
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1045:JSTOR
963:Mufti
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534:Hajji
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