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173:. The shamsa took a number of symmetric forms, such as an eight or twelve pointed star, with arabesque or floral motifs. The central panel contained an inscription, which might be the owner of the manuscript, the author, the title of the work, or sometimes a dedication. Small shamsas also occurred in the margins of the text, a number in the centre indicating the passing of five or ten verses.
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flowers, cloud bands, insects and birds. It is drawn in ink on paper and painted in opaque watercolours, and includes several shades of gold. The inscription in the central panel reads "His
Majesty Shihabuddin Muhammad Shahjahan, the King, Warrior of the Faith, may God perpetuate his kingdom and sovereignty". This album is part of a collection of Islamic art held by the
121:) is an intricately decorated rosette or medallion which is used in many contexts, including manuscripts, carpets, ornamental metalwork and architectural decoration such as the underside of domes. It can take a number of overall shapes, from circles to stars. The name means "little sun", as a diminutive of
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reached the zenith of its cultural glory. The album contains about fifty paintings, illuminations and examples of calligraphy, mostly created under the patronage of Shah Jahan. The shamsa measures 38.6 by 26.5 cm (15.2 by 10.4 in) and was created around 1645. The design contains fantastic
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This carved ivory plaque bears the signature of an otherwise unknown craftsman, Muhammad Talib Gilani. The plaque most likely comes from the cenotaph of Shah Isma'il I, which is believed to have been commissioned for his tomb in the
Ardabil Shrine by his widow, Tajlu Khanum, or by his son, Shah
134:. The arabesque is often used to symbolize the transcendent, indivisible and infinite nature of God, and as with other patterns and forms of Islamic art, the shamsa also has a religious significance, such as symbolizing the unity of God.
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word meaning "sun", and the work is often stylised as a sunburst. It is characterized by the recurrent motifs present in
Islamic art, such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal forms in a repetitive design known as an
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The shamsa is a meticulously designed painting representing many months of work by the calligrapher, who was a specifically trained master of such illuminations. Although many similar rosettes had been produced in
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Persian manuscripts, the first page traditionally consisted of an oval rosette or medallion, above and below which there would sometimes be ornamented
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Tahmasp. The opulent inlaid wood decoration of the cenotaph includes ivory, ebony, and strips of bone or ivory tinted in a variety of colors.
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The same artist seems to have produced two comparable shamsas in another of Shah Jahan's major manuscripts, the
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421:. The Metropolitan Museum
500:Islamic arts of the book
29:Shamsa at the center of
440:Muhammad Talib Gilani.
320:. Iran Chamber Society
237:Chester Beatty Library
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207:or album compiled by
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442:"Star-Shaped Plaque"
515:Islamic calligraphy
312:Khazaie, Mohammad.
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225:Windsor Padshahnama
191:Persian manuscripts
459:Welch, Stuart Cary
235:in London and the
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82:, c. 1630-45.
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31:Ardabil Carpet
20:shamsa (crown)
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423:. Retrieved
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50:frontispiece
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495:Persian art
490:Islamic art
425:17 December
400:17 December
324:18 December
268:Rub el Hizb
239:in Dublin.
91:Islamic art
61: 1550
37:, 1539-40.
510:Mughal art
484:Categories
343:Welch, 236
294:References
209:Shah Jahan
167:cartouches
151:Shamsa Ali
76:Shah Jahan
263:Arabesque
171:palmettes
132:arabesque
391:"Shamsa"
288:Octagram
247:See also
56:. Iran,
258:Mandala
204:muraqqa
197:to the
109:: شمسة
103:shamseh
101:: شمسه
99:Persian
52:of the
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377:429655
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231:, the
184:, Iran
127:Arabic
125:, the
107:Arabic
95:shamsa
373:JSTOR
123:shams
111:shums
80:India
467:ISBN
427:2020
402:2020
326:2020
201:, a
169:and
153:and
139:Urdu
119:شمسه
93:, a
35:Iran
365:doi
89:In
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