502:
558:, was called in to broker a deal securing supplies to Ukraine and transit to the EU. The package signed on 30 October 2014 included Russian supplies of gas to Ukraine in the period of November 2014 through March 2015, conditioned on the payment of undisputed Ukrainian gas debt ($ 3 billion). The price for November and December 2014 was set at $ 378 per thousand cubic meters, to be adjusted in January. Deliveries were to be prepaid. During that winter, Ukrainian monopoly
2272:
2094:
It was expected that
Olesska would produce 5 billion cubic metres per year - and possibly as much as 8-10 billion cubic metres, he said. The deal with Shell, which is at a similar level of investment, is for exploration at Yuzivska in eastern Ukraine. The two shale projects could provide Ukraine with
1029:
Ukraine has not imported gas directly from Russia since 2015, but it buys it from
Western traders as part of the Russian gas that goes through Ukrainian territory to Europe. If Russia maintains gas transit through Ukraine and transit gas pipelines remain operational, Ukraine is able to provide the
497:
since 1990. After 2004, Russia began to steadily raise the price of its natural gas exports to
Ukraine, aiming to bring prices in line with the rates paid by other European states. Until 2005, Ukraine was charged $ 50 per 1,000 m³; the price rose to $ 426 per 1,000 m³ in 2012. In January
446:
Despite its own production of natural gas, Ukraine still had to import about 80% of its natural gas needs in 1999. After 2008, the
Ukrainian volume of imports of natural gas dropped. According to estimates from 2017, Ukraine domestically supplies 63.8% of its own gas consumption, whereas 36.2% is
56:
During Soviet times, Ukraine produced a record of 68.7 bcm in 1976. At the time of independence in 1991, production was at 26.6 bcm, and fell in the 1990s to about 18 bcm. Since the mid-2000s, production has stabilised between 20 and 21 bcm. Over 70% of domestic gas production is extracted by
52:
of natural gas. In 2021, Ukraine produced 19.8 billion cubic meters (bcm or Gm) of natural gas. To satisfy domestic demand of 27.3 bcm that year, Ukraine relied on gas imports (2.6 bcm) and withdrawal from underground storage (4.9 bcm). Winter demand can reach 150 mcm per day.
819:
In 2008, Ukraine's gas production was 21.014 bcm with natural gas output rising 1.7% to 19.985 bcm. Ukraine boosted gas production by 1.1% (year-on-year) during
January–November 2009 to 19.413 billion cubic meters (bcm), with natural gas output rising 1.6% to 18.541
373:
is the largest consumer of natural gas in
Ukraine (accounting for 40% of domestic consumption), followed by households (over 30%), and communal heating systems for government buildings and residential properties (20%). It is estimated that 9% of gas is wasted.
573:
had to reduce the oil-linked gas price. On 9 January 2014, Naftogaz and Russia's
Gazprom signed a supplement to the Russian-Ukrainian gas contract, setting the price of natural gas for Ukraine in the first quarter of 2014 at $ 268.5 per 1,000 cubic meters.
1443:
According to preliminary data from the
Central Dispatching Department, Poland exported 118 million cubic meters of gas to Ukraine, and Hungary - 103 million cubic meters. Total gas imports from Russia and Europe were 2.126 billion cubic meters (bcm) in
704:. The Ukrainian government projected that the Yuzivska and Olesska projects together could provide Ukraine with an additional 11 to 16 bcm of natural gas per year by 2018. By 2030, a production of 6–11 bcm of shale gas a year is called for in
368:
Ukraine is a major natural gas consumer, being ranked thirteenth in the world and fifth in Europe. Consumption levels have fallen from 118 bcm in 1991 to less than 55 bcm in 2012, and from 50.4 bcm in 2013 to 29.8 bcm in 2019.
531:
These rapid price increases raised
Ukraine's annual cost of gas imports from less than $ 4 billion in 2005 to $ 14 billion in 2011 and 2012. Natural gas is Ukraine's biggest import at present and is the main cause of the
1201:
695:
stated that the (containing all expenditures) price of shale gas will be $ 120–130 per 1,000 cubic meters. On 5 November 2013, Ukraine signed a $ 10 billion shale gas production-sharing agreement with
944:
582:
Since the end of gas purchases from the
Russian Federation in November 2015, Ukraine has started to purchase natural gas from Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary, and is planning a provisional pipeline from
619:, which bypasses Ukraine, gas transit volumes have been steadily decreasing. In 2004, more than 120 bcm of Russian gas was transported through Ukraine; this figure dropped to just 84 bcm in 2012.
1030:
population and industry with gas. In theory, gas could be imported at up to 40 mcm per day, but this is barely feasible due to a lack of freely available resources in Europe and funds to buy it.
2624:
2644:
426:
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2907:
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was able to import limited quantities of gas from the EU (reverse flow from Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary) at Central European hub prices, around $ 250 per thousand cubic meters.
649:
are about 80–85% depleted, although there are still large quantities of unexploited gas reserves stored in hard-to-reach areas or solid rock. Ukraine has Europe's third largest
2864:
2716:
485:. Ukraine has not bought gas directly from Russia since 2015, sourcing it instead from traders of the gas which is transported through Ukraine to be sold elsewhere in Europe.
2869:
44:
each year, and since 2022 this has almost met demand. Ukraine has been estimated to possess natural gas reserves of over 670 billion cubic meters (in 2022), and in 2018 was
543:, it was agreed that the cost of Russian natural gas supplied to Ukraine would be lowered to $ 268 per 1,000 cubic metres from a price of more than $ 400 in December 2013.
2816:
615:
sold to Europe, which earns Ukraine about USD$ 3 billion per year in transit fees, making it the country's most lucrative export service. Following Russia's launch of the
2786:
2746:
2726:
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1518:
Natural gas - production 19.73 billion cu m (2017 est.); Natural gas - consumption 30.92 billion cu m (2017 est.); Natural gas - imports 12.97 billion cu m (2017 est.)
2917:
2902:
2849:
2801:
2796:
2771:
2629:
2887:
2736:
2689:
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2674:
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2639:
1611:
1211:
2806:
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2701:
98:
Domestic production peaked in 1975 at 68.1 billion cubic meters (bcm). Since then production gradually declined, stabilising in recent years at around 20 bcm.
2019:
1134:
466:
1676:
Ukraine will currently buy only Russian natural gas as its price is the best for the country, Energy and Coal Industry Minister Eduard Stavytsky has said.
2036:
540:
1593:
1584:
594:"). Ukraine buys natural gas from international gas traders as part of the volumes that Gazprom sends westwards through Ukraine as transit country.
1013:
45:
1620:
895:
80:, but instead buys it indirectly from traders in Western Europe as part of the Russian gas that transits through Ukraine. The contract to transit
1696:
631:
551:
398:
455:(about two-thirds of its gas in 2012). Since November 2012, Ukraine has diversified its suppliers of imported natural gas. On 9 January 2014,
2037:"Yuzivka: Between fake news and truth about Ukraine's gas independence Yuzivka: Between fake news and truth about Ukraine's gas independence"
1793:
1317:
1102:
2201:
1085:
391:
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768:
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32:
1884:
Naftogaz, Gazprom sign supplement to gas contract, set gas price for Ukraine in Q1, 2014 at $ 268.5 per 1,000 cubic meters - Stavytsky
626:
left many countries with a significant drop in their supplies when Russia cut off all natural gas supplies passing through Ukraine in
1925:
1900:
1602:
688:
ever for Ukraine. Full shale gas production was expected to depend on successful results from 15 test wells. On 13 September 2013,
111:
plans predicted that by 2030 about half of Ukraine's production will come from non-traditional gas deposits (including 6–11 bcm of
105:
from 1 bcm in 2011 to 3 bcm in 2015. In 2012, Black Sea production reached 1.2 bcm and was predicted to rise to 1.65 bcm in 2013.
2694:
2568:
807:
2095:
an additional 11 to 16 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas in five years' time, according to projections by the Kiev government.
387:
Ukraine announced on 26 March 2014 that household natural gas prices would rise by 50% from 1 May 2014 in order to receive an
2150:
456:
1043:
1814:
611:
In 2020, Ukraine transited more natural gas than any other country in the world, and it remains the main transit route for
17:
924:
On 13 September 2013, Prime Minister Mykola Azarov expected that extraction of shale gas in Ukraine would begin from 2015.
1070:
627:
1982:
1549:
1489:
1456:
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2530:
2472:
2174:
1402:
2535:
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stated that Ukraine (at that time) will buy only Russian natural gas "because it's currently the most profitable".
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2194:
779:
623:
494:
28:
2751:
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2231:
1768:
1541:
1481:
1240:
1697:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-03/russia-to-charge-ukraine-more-than-germany-as-gas-discounts-end.html
1568:
519:
making a joint press statement on 18 January 2009 after they reached a deal on restoring gas supplies to both
2432:
1135:"Ukraine plans to end Russian gas transit contract in 2024 – interview for Deutsche Welle | Naftogaz Ukraine"
720:
252:
2452:
2447:
76:
Ukraine stopped buying gas from Russia in November 2015 to reduce gas dependence after the outbreak of the
2107:
1273:
911:
In June 2013, per 1,000 m, Ukraine paid $ 421.7 for natural gas from Russia, $ 388.6 for natural gas from
829:
Ukraine has lost access to the Black Sea around Crimea to Russia. The status of Crimea and of the city of
735:
in the West of Ukraine due to increased geopolitical risks and a collapse in European natural gas prices.
2497:
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1362:
1232:
388:
2561:
2442:
2187:
1206:
842:
1777:
2706:
2609:
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1473:
846:
685:
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2437:
2422:
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850:
744:
689:
506:
434:
415:
2126:
1337:
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on 25 January 2013 involving the Yuzivska shale gas field. The $ 10 billion deal was the largest
2776:
2659:
2649:
2614:
2599:
1314:
677:
513:
397:
In the first seven months of 2014, gas consumption in Ukraine fell by 15%; this was amidst the
232:
147:
119:
1529:
1469:
1224:
1082:
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2781:
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2397:
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612:
430:
262:
108:
81:
1502:
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2462:
2402:
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2329:
2170:
1640:
Azarov: Russian gas from RWE costs Ukraine $ 100 less than gas bought on border with Russia
705:
616:
112:
2271:
2020:"Ukraine plans to end Russian gas transit contract in 2024 – interview for Deutsche Welle"
555:
8:
2477:
2467:
2339:
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2256:
1228:
838:
834:
728:
697:
547:
402:
302:
77:
1852:
Ukraine to issue Eurobonds; Russia will purchase $ 15 bln, says Russian finance minister
1299:
597:
The Russian Federation has refused to allow the transit of gas sales from Central Asia.
2487:
2457:
2382:
2367:
2344:
2251:
2226:
1656:
991:
902:". He also stated that Ukraine annually overpaid Russia USD$ 7 billion for natural gas.
898:
that we buy on the border with Russia, and RWE sells us the same gas that it buys from
724:
716:
657:
646:
533:
447:
imported from other countries. Traditionally, Ukraine imported natural gas mainly from
312:
93:
58:
1998:
1965:
1851:
1612:
Ukraine hopes for diversification of gas supply sources and emergence of new suppliers
1423:
1384:
1071:
http://www.oecd.org/corporate/SOE-Reform-in-the-Hydrocarbons-Sector-in-Ukraine-ENG.pdf
2502:
2417:
2412:
2362:
2334:
2296:
2210:
1992:
1883:
1545:
1537:
1485:
1477:
1357:
1236:
774:
732:
701:
681:
669:
381:
292:
123:
1252:
590:. There is no physical reverse flow yet, but a virtual reverse flow (also known as "
501:
2407:
2316:
2306:
1887:
1855:
1835:
1797:
1688:
State Duma approves denunciation of Russian-Ukrainian agreements on Black Sea Fleet
1664:
1643:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1431:
1388:
1202:"Kyiv's gas strategy: closer cooperation with Gazprom or a genuine diversification"
961:
837:; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an
509:
459:
282:
142:
70:
711:
Ukraine originally expected commercial shale gas extraction to begin in 2017, but
2427:
2354:
1986:
1709:
1700:
1321:
1089:
122:
signed a deal to switch power and chemical production plants from natural gas to
49:
1950:
1810:
1122:
Today is the first anniversary since Naftogaz stopped importing gas from Russia.
1722:
1424:"Ukraine imports 221 mln cubic meters of gas from Europe in July - Ukrtransgaz"
1315:
UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity
665:
661:
516:
370:
342:
272:
202:
192:
162:
152:
1014:"Factbox: Ukraine's energy options limited in event of Russian gas disruption"
554:, severe tensions extended to the gas sector. The EU commissioner for energy,
477:
on 31 March 2014. In June 2014, Ukraine increased imports of natural gas from
2932:
2068:
1867:
1657:"Ukraine to buy only Russian gas due to advantageous price - energy minister"
875:
799:
692:
637:
The transit of Russian gas to Europe will probably cease at the end of 2024.
591:
1979:
1594:
Naftogaz Ukrainy buys 320-350 mcm of gas from Gazprom in May, says Stavytsky
945:"Ukraine's UGV brings new high-throughput domestic gas well into production"
73:, Smart Energy, Poltava Petroleum Company, Geo Alliance Group, and KUB-GAS.
1980:
The Russo-Ukrainian gas dispute of January 2009: a comprehensive assessment
1585:
Naftogaz to buy 18 b cubic meters of gas from Gazprom in 2014, says Bakulin
803:
566:
474:
448:
332:
322:
1385:
Only four regions regularly paying for gas in Ukraine – Naftogaz official
673:
422:
242:
212:
167:
157:
2546:
2064:
1687:
1470:
Ukraine at the Crossroads: Economic Reforms in International Perspective
1533:
1457:"Russia destroyed Ukraine's energy sector, so it's being rebuilt green"
830:
41:
1621:
Ukraine to continue diversification of energy supplies, says president
2151:"Kyiv Mayor Klitschko says no Russian troops in city: As it happened"
1794:
Ukraine pays $ 397.7 for gas from Europe in June, $ 421.7 from Russia
1691:
1256:
712:
650:
222:
102:
2179:
1839:
1772:
1760:
Ukraine set to sign landmark $ 10 billion shale gas deal with Shell
1741:
1713:
1704:
1303:
1110:
1059:
Figure: Ukraine's gas production in 1991-2019, billion cubic meters
887:
559:
377:
352:
138:
The oil and gas industry has activities in six regions of Ukraine:
62:
1778:
UPDATE 1-Ukraine signs landmark $ 10 bln shale gas deal with Shell
2127:"Shell to withdraw from shale gas exploration in eastern Ukraine"
1781:
1763:
1572:
1274:"Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions"
1073:, OECD Report on SOE Reform in the Hydrocarbons Sector in Ukraine
912:
891:
587:
583:
570:
524:
482:
473:
of $ 4.5 billion that had arisen after Russia denounced the 2010
470:
37:
899:
883:
520:
478:
452:
2065:
Shale gas extraction in Ukraine to start in 2015, says premier
1295:
1293:
1291:
1103:"Naftogaz open letter: a year without gas imports from Russia"
2086:"UPDATE 2-Ukraine signs $ 10 bln shale gas deal with Chevron"
1901:"Physical Flow: Drozdovichi Exit Point Ukrtransgaz (UA → PL)"
680:. Ukraine signed a 50-year production sharing agreement with
127:
845:, while Russia, on the other hand, considers Crimea to be a
1288:
1083:
http://agpu.org.ua/en/association/section-member_companies/
569:(the price halved between the middle and end of the year),
66:
600:
2218:
1871:
879:
1719:
Russia Cuts Gas to Ukraine While Maintaining Flow to EU
1569:
Ukraine picks Shell, Chevron to develop shale gas fields
101:
Ukraine aimed to increase natural gas production in the
2084:
Polityuk, Pavel; Balmforth, Richard (5 November 2013).
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
723:
region, located near the field, a collapse in European
1926:"Physical Flow: Beregdaróc Entry Point FGSZ (UA → HU)"
1603:
German RWE ready to supply gas to Ukraine via Slovakia
1530:
Europe Review 2003/4: The Economic and Business Report
1403:"IMF pledges $ 14bn-$ 18bn rescue package for Ukraine"
962:"The Forgotten Potential of Ukraine's Energy Reserves"
782: – Disputes between Naftogaz Ukrayiny and Gazprom
656:
There are two potentially large shale gas fields. The
2031:
2029:
1343:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
425:
generators are used, as these are more difficult to
2108:"Ukraine sees 2017 for commercial shale gas output"
862:
For example, through heat loss during transmission.
384:(provinces) made regular payments for natural gas.
2026:
1044:"Top 4 reasons Ukraine's gas production is so low"
727:, and opposition from local residents. Similarly,
65:. Private gas production companies in Ukraine are
2083:
2079:
2077:
1710:Ukraine crisis: Russia halts gas supplies to Kiev
1701:Ukraine crisis: Russia halts gas supplies to Kiev
1253:Ukraine boosts gas production 1.1% up to November
999:
841:of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's
2930:
1868:Russia-Ukraine gas deal secures EU winter supply
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1635:
1633:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
771: – Fossil fuel financing-related conflicts
2074:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1225:A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples
755:Some pipelines in Ukraine were damaged by the
653:reserves, at 1.2 trillion cubic meters (tcm).
541:17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan
399:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
2562:
2195:
2060:
2058:
1733:
1731:
130:in order to reduce reliance on imported gas.
1829:
1630:
1472:by Axel Siedenberg (Editor), Lutz Hoffmann,
1308:
1151:
979:
498:2013, Ukraine paid $ 430 per 1,000 m³.
1746:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1418:
1416:
915:, and $ 406.6 for natural gas from Hungary.
849:and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three
457:Ukrainian Energy and Coal Industry Minister
2569:
2555:
2202:
2188:
2055:
1845:
1803:
1728:
1394:
1267:
1265:
1041:
607:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
550:, which started in February 2014 with the
467:halted its natural gas supplies to Ukraine
380:stated on 17 December 2013 that only four
61:, a subsidiary of the state-owned company
40:extracts about 20 billion cubic meters of
33:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
2576:
2124:
1769:Shell for shale: Ukraine signs major deal
1509:. Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-04-06
1338:10 фактів про видобуток українського газу
1271:
469:because Ukraine refused to pay a debt to
408:
2100:
1836:Russia cuts Ukraine gas price by a third
1555:
1413:
1340:— Економічна Правда, 5 вересня 2019
1092:Associations of Gas Producers of Ukraine
835:under dispute between Russia and Ukraine
750:
500:
1400:
1262:
601:Ukraine as transit route of natural gas
14:
2931:
1523:
769:2022 Russia–European Union gas dispute
495:several economic conflicts with Russia
179:Ukrainian natural gas reserves (2019)
87:
2550:
2209:
2183:
806:from 1920 until 24 August 1991, when
565:In 2014, due to a severe drop in the
493:Disputes over gas prices have led to
1817:from the original on 17 January 2009
1331:
956:
954:
1993:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1495:
552:Russian military invasion of Crimea
488:
24:
1951:"EU reaches gas deal with Ukraine"
1272:Gutterman, Steve (18 March 2014).
1042:Datskevych, Natalia (2020-02-20).
894:. This gas costs us less than the
878:stated "We currently buy gas from
534:country's structural trade deficit
173:
25:
2950:
2175:Energy Information Administration
2164:
1999:"Ukraine 'stealing Europe's gas'"
1966:"Ukraine 'stealing Europe's gas'"
1811:"'Gas to flow' after Moscow deal"
951:
808:Ukraine declared its independence
2270:
757:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
719:in 2015 as a consequence of the
414:This section is an excerpt from
2143:
2125:Olearchyk, Roman (2015-06-11).
2118:
2012:
1995:, Retrieved on October 13, 2009
1943:
1918:
1893:
1877:
1861:
1787:
1681:
1649:
1578:
1463:
1449:
1401:Buckley, Neil (27 March 2014).
1378:
1246:
1218:
918:
905:
865:
856:
823:
813:
793:
577:
1813:. BBC News. January 18, 2009.
1210:. 15 July 2013. Archived from
1127:
1095:
1076:
1064:
1035:
937:
392:$ 14–18 billion rescue package
13:
1:
931:
253:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
1243:(page 563/564 & 722/723)
966:Harvard International Review
640:
416:Electricity in Ukraine § Gas
363:
84:expires at the end of 2024.
7:
1363:International Energy Agency
1233:University of Toronto Press
780:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
762:
624:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
29:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
10:
2955:
1207:Centre for Eastern Studies
843:cities with special status
738:
604:
441:
413:
133:
126:technologies developed by
91:
26:
2878:
2840:
2582:
2511:
2353:
2279:
2268:
2217:
1953:. BBC News. 1 August 2009
1474:Physica-Verlag Heidelberg
847:federal subject of Russia
686:foreign direct investment
1738:Country profile: Ukraine
1358:"Ukraine energy profile"
1326:China Central Television
786:
690:Ukrainian Prime Minister
507:Ukrainian Prime Minister
465:On 16 June 2014, Russia
1300:Ukraine crisis timeline
435:coal-fired power plants
2939:Natural gas in Ukraine
2625:Bosnia and Herzegovina
678:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
528:
514:Russian Prime Minister
409:Electricity generation
233:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
148:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
120:China Development Bank
118:In 2012, Naftogaz and
2577:Natural gas in Europe
1968:. BBC. 2 January 2006
1930:Transparency Platform
1905:Transparency Platform
751:2022 Russian invasion
504:
263:Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
48:among countries with
2322:Pivdenno-Holitsynske
2232:Hlynsko-Rozbyshevske
1932:. ENTSOG. 2022-04-09
1907:. ENTSOG. 2022-04-09
882:and pump it through
706:Ukrainian Government
617:Nord Stream pipeline
109:Ukrainian government
69:, Ukrnaftoburinnya,
18:Shale gas in Ukraine
2841:States with limited
2473:Sukhodilska–Skhidna
2433:Komsomolets Donbasu
2157:. 26 February 2022.
2071:(16 September 2013)
1259:(December 10, 2009)
1229:Paul Robert Magocsi
839:autonomous republic
745:underground storage
743:There is 31 bcm of
698:Chevron Corporation
613:Russian natural gas
548:Russo-Ukrainian War
403:Russo-Ukrainian War
303:Zaporizhzhia Oblast
180:
88:Domestic production
78:Russo-Ukrainian war
2483:Yasynivska–Hlyboka
2453:Pivdennodonbaska 3
2448:Pivdennodonbaska 1
2043:. 21 December 2021
2022:. 24 October 2023.
1985:2009-10-15 at the
1858:(17 December 2013)
1842:(17 December 2013)
1507:The World Factbook
1503:"Ukraine - Europe"
1391:(17 December 2013)
1320:2018-03-04 at the
1088:2020-09-29 at the
992:CIA World Factbook
725:natural gas prices
715:pulled out of the
658:Yuzivska gas field
647:natural gas fields
645:Ukraine's largest
529:
313:Zakarpattia Oblast
178:
94:UkrGasVydobuvannya
59:UkrGasVydobuvannya
2926:
2925:
2544:
2543:
2498:Zhovtnevyi Rudnyk
2211:Energy in Ukraine
2001:. BBC. 2006-01-02
1874:(31 October 2014)
1784:(24 January 2013)
1775:(25 January 2013)
1766:(24 January 2013)
995:. 1 January 2018.
871:On 18 June 2013,
775:Energy in Ukraine
721:war in the Donbas
702:Olesska gas field
682:Royal Dutch Shell
670:Olesska gas field
556:Günther Oettinger
382:Ukrainian Oblasts
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293:Chernivtsi Oblast
124:coal gasification
16:(Redirected from
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1609:(14 June 2013)
1600:(13 June 2013)
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1667:. 2014-01-09
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1434:. 2014-08-07
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1248:
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1113:. 2016-11-25
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1020:. 2022-02-24
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968:. 2020-10-10
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804:Soviet Union
795:
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747:in Ukraine.
742:
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581:
578:Reverse flow
564:
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475:Kharkiv Pact
464:
449:Turkmenistan
445:
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367:
333:Odesa Oblast
323:Volyn Oblast
137:
117:
107:
100:
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2908:Isle of Man
2843:recognition
2817:Switzerland
2752:Netherlands
2398:Dobropilska
2326:Shmidtivske
2302:Holitsynske
2281:Natural gas
2262:Prilukskoye
2247:Lelyakivsky
2242:Kachanivsky
1972:16 December
1821:January 18,
1050:. Kyiv Post
896:Russian gas
674:Lviv Oblast
660:located in
546:During the
429:than large
423:gas-turbine
421:Many small
243:Sumy Oblast
213:Lviv Oblast
187:Millions m
168:Sumy Oblast
158:Lviv Oblast
82:Russian gas
46:ranked 26th
2787:San Marino
2747:Montenegro
2727:Luxembourg
2707:Kazakhstan
2610:Azerbaijan
2493:Zhdanivska
2463:Skochinsky
2403:Faschivska
2388:Pokrovs'ke
2373:Bilozerska
2330:Shebelinka
2136:2022-03-08
2005:2008-12-16
1990:page 53-55
1936:2022-04-10
1911:2022-04-10
1671:2022-04-09
1552:(page 384)
1542:0749440678
1534:Kogan Page
1513:2022-04-09
1492:(page 393)
1482:3790811890
1438:2022-04-10
1241:1442610212
1144:2023-12-30
1117:2022-04-10
1054:2022-04-10
1024:2022-02-27
972:2022-02-27
932:References
831:Sevastopol
668:, and the
92:See also:
42:fossil gas
27:See also:
2898:Gibraltar
2722:Lithuania
2478:Vinnytska
2468:Kapitalna
2340:Shtormove
2292:Bezimenne
1692:ITAR-TASS
1257:Kyiv Post
987:"Ukraine"
651:shale gas
641:Shale gas
431:gas-fired
364:Consumers
223:Black Sea
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113:shale gas
103:Black Sea
2933:Category
2918:Svalbard
2903:Guernsey
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2772:Portugal
2630:Bulgaria
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2458:Svitanok
2383:Bilytska
2368:Bazhanov
2345:Yuzivska
2252:Lopushna
2227:Dolynske
2155:ABC News
1983:Archived
1957:1 August
1840:BBC News
1815:Archived
1773:Euronews
1742:BBC News
1714:BBC News
1705:BBC News
1536:, 2004,
1476:, 1999,
1318:Archived
1304:BBC News
1280:26 March
1235:, 2010,
1111:Naftogaz
1086:Archived
1048:Business
888:Slovakia
763:See also
586:through
560:Naftogaz
378:Naftogaz
353:Azov Sea
207:270,868
197:317,630
63:Naftogaz
2827:Ukraine
2777:Romania
2737:Moldova
2695:Ireland
2690:Iceland
2685:Hungary
2675:Germany
2670:Georgia
2660:Finland
2655:Estonia
2650:Denmark
2635:Croatia
2620:Belgium
2615:Belarus
2605:Austria
2600:Armenia
2595:Andorra
2590:Albania
2513:Nuclear
2503:Zuivska
2418:Kalinin
2413:Hlyboka
2363:Almazna
2335:Skifska
2297:Foroska
2171:Ukraine
2112:Reuters
2090:Reuters
2047:15 June
1782:Reuters
1764:Reuters
1661:Economy
1573:Reuters
1428:Economy
1370:15 June
1018:Reuters
913:Germany
892:Hungary
800:Ukraine
739:Storage
729:Chevron
708:plans.
592:netting
588:Moldova
584:Romania
571:Gazprom
539:In the
525:Ukraine
483:Hungary
471:Gazprom
442:Imports
277:12,591
267:13,079
257:16,761
247:29,443
237:30,556
227:37,506
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134:Regions
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2913:Jersey
2855:Kosovo
2822:Turkey
2812:Sweden
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2782:Russia
2767:Poland
2762:Norway
2742:Monaco
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900:Russia
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427:attack
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787:Notes
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505:Then
128:China
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