85:
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804:â Khurram remained distant from court politics and intrigues in the immediate aftermath of that event. Khurram left Ruqaiya's care and returned to his mother's care. As the third son, Khurram did not challenge the two major power blocs of the time, his father's and his half-brother's; thus, he enjoyed the benefits of imperial protection and luxury while being allowed to continue with his education and training. This relatively quiet and stable period of his life allowed Khurram to build his own support base in the Mughal court, which would be useful later on in his life.
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2314:. On 23 December 1635, Shah Jahan issued a farman ordering the Agra Church to be demolished. The Church was occupied by the Portuguese Jesuits. However the Emperor allowed the Jesuits to conduct their religious ceremonies in privacy. He also banned the Jesuits in preaching their religion and making converts from both Hindus and Muslims.Though in the decree, he also granted 777 bighas of rent-free land to the Augustinian Fathers and the Christian community in Bandel, currently in West Bengal, shaping its Portuguese heritage for times to come.
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2008:
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2371:, sixty miles north-east of ĂhmedĂĄbĂĄd. Ăzam KhĂĄn pursued him so hotly that KĂĄnji surrendered, handed over his plunder and guaranteed that he would not only cease to commit robberies but also pay an annual tribute of Rupees 10,000. Ăzam KhĂĄn then built two fortified posts in the Koli's territory, naming one ĂzamĂĄbĂĄd after himself, and the other KhalĂlĂĄbĂĄd after his son. Additionally, he forced the surrender of the Jam of Nawanagar. The next viceroy, Ăsa TarkhĂĄn, carried out financial reforms. In 1644, the
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1536:
1857:, Nur Jahan was at the helm of the affairs. She ordered Prince Khurram to march for Kandahar, but he refused. As a result of Prince Khurram's refusal to obey Nur Jahan's orders, Kandahar was lost to the Persians after a forty-five-day siege. Prince Khurram feared that in his absence Nur Jahan would attempt to poison his father against him and convince Jahangir to name Shahryar the heir in his place. This fear brought Prince Khurram to rebel against his father rather than fight against the
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several favours were being bestowed on her son-in-law. Khurram after sensing the danger posed to his status as heir-apparent rebelled against his father in 1622 but did not succeed and eventually lost the favour of his father. Several years before
Jahangir's death in 1627, coins began to be struck containing Nur Jahan's name along with Jahangir's name; In fact, there were two prerogatives of sovereignty for the legitimacy of a Muslim monarchy (reading the
1579:
1609:, which caused considerable blood-loss after painful labor of thirty hours. Contemporary historians note that Princess Jahanara, aged 17, was so distressed by her mother's pain that she started distributing gems to the poor, hoping for divine intervention, and Shah Jahan was noted as being "paralysed by grief" and weeping fits. Her body was temporarily buried in a walled pleasure garden known as Zainabad, originally constructed by Shah Jahan's uncle
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780:. In 1605, as Akbar lay on his deathbed, Khurram, who at this point of time was 13, remained by his bedside and refused to move even after his mother tried to retrieve him. Given the politically uncertain times immediately preceding Akbar's death, Khurram was in a fair amount of physical danger from political opponents of his father. He was at last ordered to return to his quarters by the senior women of his grandfather's household, namely
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1365:
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671:) emerged victorious and became the sixth emperor, executing all of his surviving brothers, including Crown Prince Dara Shikoh. After Shah Jahan recovered from his illness in July 1658, Aurangzeb imprisoned him in Agra Fort from July 1658 until his death in January 1666. He was laid to rest next to his wife in the Taj Mahal. His reign is known for doing away with the liberal policies initiated by his grandfather
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2441:, Mumtaz Mahal's eldest surviving daughter, voluntarily shared his 8-year confinement and nursed him in his dotage. In January 1666, Shah Jahan fell ill. Confined to bed, he became progressively weaker until, on 22 January, he commended the ladies of the imperial court, particularly his consort of later years Akbarabadi Mahal, to the care of Jahanara. After reciting the
2061:. Under his rule, the empire became a huge military machine and the nobles and their contingents multiplied almost fourfold, as did the demands for more revenue from their citizens. But due to his measures in the financial and commercial fields, it was a period of general stability – the administration was centralized and court affairs systematized.
528:
1763:. In 1615, Khurram presented Kunwar Karan Singh, Amar Singh's heir to Jahangir. Khurram was sent to pay homage to his mother and stepmothers and was later awarded by Jahangir. The same year, his mansab was increased from 12000/6000 to 15000/7000, to equal that his brother Parvez's and was further increased to 20000/10000 in 1616.
1928:
Prince
Khurram's three sons who were under her charge. Asaf Khan also managed palace intrigues to ensure Prince Khurram's succession to the throne. Prince Khurram succeeded to the Mughal throne as Abu ud-Muzaffar Shihab ud-Din Mohammad Sahib ud-Quiran ud-Thani Shah Jahan Padshah Ghazi (Urdu: Ř´Ůاب اŮŘŻŰŮ Ů
ŘŮ
ŘŻ ŘŽŘąŮ
), or Shah Jahan.
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Princess
Jahanara had planned a state funeral which was to include a procession with Shah Jahan's body carried by eminent nobles followed by the notable citizens of Agra and officials scattering coins for the poor and needy. Aurangzeb refused to accommodate such ostentation. The body was taken to the
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The Mughal Empire continued to expand moderately during his reign as his sons commanded large armies on different fronts. India at the time was a rich center of the arts, crafts and architecture, and some of the best of the architects, artisans, craftsmen, painters and writers of the world resided in
860:
for the succession to the Mughal throne. Khurram won the battle of succession and became the fifth Mughal
Emperor. Nur Jahan was subsequently deprived of her imperial stature, authority, privileges, honors and economic grants and was put under house arrest on the orders of Khurram and led a quiet and
2517:
Its structure was drawn with great care and architects from all over the world were called for this purpose. The building took twenty years to complete and was constructed from white marble underlaid with brick. Upon his death, his son
Aurangzeb had him interred in it next to Mumtaz Mahal. Among his
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was not determined through primogeniture, but by princely sons competing to achieve military successes and consolidating their power at court. This often led to rebellions and wars of succession. As a result, a complex political climate surrounded the Mughal court in Shah Jahan's formative years. In
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gradually became an active participant in all decisions made by
Jahangir and gained extreme powers in administration, so much so that it was obvious to everyone both inside and outside that most of his decisions were actually hers. Slowly, while Jahangir became more indulgent in wine and opium, she
1927:
Upon the death of
Jahangir in 1627, the wazir Asaf Khan, who had long been a quiet partisan of Prince Khurram, acted with unexpected forcefulness and determination to forestall his sister's plans to place Prince Shahryar on the throne. He put Nur Jahan in close confinement. He obtained control of
1562:
Though there was genuine love between the two, Arjumand Banu Begum was a politically astute woman and served as a crucial advisor and confidante to her husband. Later on, as empress, Mumtaz Mahal wielded immense power, such as being consulted by her husband in state matters, attending the council
4102:, p. 190 "Khusrau conspired, rebelled, and lost the favour of his father ... Of all the sons of Jahangir, Khurram was marked out to be the heir-apparent and successor ... In 1608 the assignment of the sarkar of Hissar Firoz to him proclaimed to the world that he was intended for the throne."
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A famine broke out in 1630â32 in Deccan, Gujarat and
Khandesh as a result of three main crop failures. Two million died of starvation, grocers sold dogs' flesh and mixed powdered bones with flour. It is reported that parents ate their own children. Some villages were completely destroyed, their
847:
for the succession to the Mughal throne over him. In the last years of
Jahangir's life, Nur Jahan was in full power, and the emperor had left all the burden of governance on her. She tried to weaken Khurram's position in the Mughal court by sending him on campaigns far in Deccan while ensuring
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1670:
had a significant influence in the Mughal administration. As a result, several accusations of an incestual relationship between Shah Jahan and
Jahanara were propagated. Such accusations have been dismissed by modern historians as gossip, as no witness of an incident has been mentioned.
3439:
The inscription from Makrana, Nagaur District, dating back to 1651 AD, mentions Mirza Ali Baig, who was likely a local governor under Shah Jahan's rule. It describes a notice he posted on a step-well, prohibiting low-caste individuals from using the well alongside higher-caste people.
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and her support for his claim to the throne led to much internal division. Prince Khurram resented the influence Nur Jahan held over his father and was angered at having to play second fiddle to her favourite Shahryar, his half-brother and her son-in-law. When the Persians besieged
2116:. Golconda submitted in 1635 and then Bijapur in 1636. Shah Jahan appointed Aurangzeb as Viceroy of the Deccan, consisting of Khandesh, Berar, Telangana, and Daulatabad. During his viceroyalty, Aurangzeb conquered Baglana, then Golconda in 1656, and then Bijapur in 1657.
843:
was considered to be the actual power behind the throne. Her near and dear relatives acquired important positions in the Mughal court, termed the Nur Jahan junta by historians. Khurram was in constant conflict with his stepmother, Nur Jahan who favoured her son-in-law
3954:, p. 189 "During his grandfather's last illness, he refused to leave the bedside surrounded by his enemies. Neither the advice of his father nor the entreaties of his mother could prevail on him to prefer the safety of his life to his last duty to the father."
1515:
The prince would have to wait five years before he was married in 1612 (1021 AH), on a date selected by the court astrologers as most conducive to ensuring a happy marriage. This was an unusually long engagement for the time. However, Shah Jahan first married a
2246:
the following year, while he was encamped in Baghdad. Zarif presented him with fine gifts and a letter which encouraged an alliance against Safavid Persia. The Sultan sent a return embassy led by Arsalan Agha. Shah Jahan received the ambassador in June 1640.
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814:
During Khusrau's second rebellion, Khurram's informants informed him about Fatehullah, Nuruddin and Muhammad Sharif gathered around 500 men at Khusrau's instigation and lay await for the Emperor. Khurram relayed this information to Jahangir who praised him.
2590:. The mosque has overall 93 domes and it is the world's largest mosque having such a number of domes. It has been built keeping acoustics in mind. A person speaking inside one end of the dome can be heard at the other end when the speech exceeds 100
2427:, Viceroy of Gujarat, declared their independence and marched upon Agra in order to claim their riches. Aurangzeb, the third son, gathered a well-trained army and became its chief commander. He faced Dara's army near Agra and defeated him during the
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During her stay at Fatehpur, the mother of Shah Jahan, Hazrat Bilqis Makani, a resident of Agra became ill. The treatment did not work. Finally, on 4th Jamadi-ul-Awal, she died and according to her will, she was buried at Dehra Bagh, near Noor
731:
However, after the death of his grandfather Akbar in 1605, he returned to the care of his mother, Jagat Gosain whom he cared for and loved immensely. Although separated from her at birth, he had become devoted to her and had her addressed as
728:. Ruqaiya assumed the primary responsibility for raising Khurram and is noted to have raised Khurram affectionately. Jahangir noted in his memoirs that Ruqaiya had loved his son, Khurram, "a thousand times more than if he had been her own ."
2366:
Koli, who had been especially daring in plundering merchandise and committing highway robberies. Ăzam KhĂĄn, anxious to start with a show of vigour before proceeding to ĂhmedĂĄbĂĄd, marched against KĂĄnji, who fled to the village of BhĂĄdar near
2585:
in Thatta, Sindh province of Pakistan (100 km / 60 miles from Karachi) was built during the reign of Shah Jahan in 1647. The mosque is built with red bricks with blue coloured glaze tiles probably imported from another Sindh's town of
1883:
on his request. Prince Khurram exchanged his turban with the Maharana and that turban is still preserved in Pratap Museum, Udaipur (R V Somani 1976). It is believed that the mosaic work of Jagmandir inspired him to use mosaic work in the
1958:
His first act as ruler was to execute his chief rivals and imprison his stepmother Nur Jahan. Upon Shah Jahan's orders, several executions took place on 23 January 1628. Those put to death included his brother Shahryar; his nephews
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747:
personally supervised the distribution of food to the poor during this period. She led the recitation of the Quran every morning and gave her husband many lessons on the substance of life and death and begged him not to grieve.
5868:, the one from Makrana, District Nagaur, records a notice put up on a step-well in Đ.Đ. 1061 (A.D. 1651) by Mirza Ali Baig prohibiting the low-caste people from drawing water from the well along with the people of higher caste.
1558:
In 1612, aged 20, Khurram married Mumtaz Mahal, on a date chosen by court astrologers. The marriage was a happy one and Khurram remained devoted to her. They had fourteen children, out of whom seven survived into adulthood.
4913:
The Shah Jahan nama of 'Inayat Khan : an abridged history of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, compiled by his royal librarian : the nineteenth-century manuscript translation of A.R. Fuller (British Library, add.
742:
on 8 April 1619, he is recorded to be inconsolable by Jahangir and mourned for 21 days. For these three weeks of the mourning period, he attended no public meetings and subsisted on simple vegetarian meals. His consort
721:, with whom the young prince shared a close relationship. Jahangir stated that Akbar was very fond of Khurram and had often told him "There is no comparison between him and your other sons. I consider him my true son."
2254:, Murad IV is known to have met ambassadors of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, Mir Zarif and Mir Baraka, who presented 1000 pieces of finely embroidered cloth and even armor. Murad IV gave them the finest weapons,
2419:(Mumtaz Mahal's eldest son) assumed the role of regent in his father's stead, which swiftly incurred the animosity of his brothers. Upon learning of his assumption of the regency, his younger brothers,
830:, Khurram began to drift closer to his father, and over time, started to be considered the de facto heir-apparent by court chroniclers. This status was given official sanction when Jahangir granted the
3102:. He was favoured as a successor by his father, Shah Jahan, and his elder sister, Princess Jahanara Begum, but was defeated and later killed by his younger brother, Prince Muhiuddin (later the Emperor
2358:
refused to pay tribute to Shah Jahan. Soon, Ăzam KhĂĄn was appointed in an effort to subdue the Kolis and bring order to the province. Ăzam KhĂĄn marched against Koli rebels. When Ăzam KhĂĄn reached
2069:, Mughal-era India's share of global gross domestic product (GDP) grew from 22.7% in 1600 to 24.4% in 1700, surpassing China to become the world's largest. E. Dewick and Murray Titus, quoting
2510:. His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian art, literature and cinema. Shah Jahan personally owned the royal treasury, and several precious stones such as the
5841:
Under management of Mirza Ali Baig. As the date A.H. 1061 is equivalent to A.D. 1650, the 25th year must refer to Shah Jahan's reign, Mirza Ali Baig must have been his local governor.
2614:
2298:, fortified walls, and other instruments of war. The Portuguese were accused of trafficking by high Mughal officials and due to commercial competition the Mughal-controlled port of
1793:
to secure the Empire's southern borders and to restore imperial control over the region. On his return 1617 after successes in these campaigns, Khurram performed koronush before
2698:
84:
2278:. They exchanged lavish presents, but Shah Jahan was displeased with Sultan Murad's return letter, the tone of which he found discourteous. Sultan Murad's successor, Sultan
1575:, which allowed her to review official documents in their final draft. Shah Jahan also gave her the right to issue her own orders (hukums) and make appointments to him.
2668:
1943:, meaning "King of the World", alluding to his pride in his Timurid roots and his ambitions. More epithets showed his secular and religious duties. He was also titled
724:
When Khurram was born, Akbar considering him to be auspicious insisted the prince be raised in his household rather than Salim's and was thus entrusted to the care of
4532:, p. 239 "Constant skirmishes were thinning the Rajput ranks ... offered to recognize Mughal supremacy ... Jahangir gladly and unreservedly accepted the terms."
2736:
1636:, respectively. But according to court chroniclers, these marriages were more out of political consideration, and they enjoyed only the status of being royal wives.
2306:
in that region, notably when they were accused of abducting peasants. On 25 September 1632, the Mughal Army raised imperial banners and gained control over the
2042:, in which he built historical and political bonds with his Timurid heritage mainly via his numerous unsuccessful military campaigns on his ancestral region of
1701:
physician, mentions rumors of an incestuous relationship being propagated in the Mughal Court. However, Bernier did not mention witnessing such a relationship.
3498:
1508:â Arjumand Banu's father â played an important role in the Mughal court, eventually serving as Chief Minister. Her aunt Mehr-un-Nissa later became the Empress
768:, most of which was inculcated, according to court chroniclers, by Jahangir. According to his chronicler Qazvini, prince Khurram was only familiar with a few
1845:, wielded considerable influence. Arjumand was Asaf Khan's daughter and her marriage to Khurram consolidated Nur Jahan and Asaf Khan's positions in court.
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Succeeded his father as the sixth Mughal emperor after emerging victorious in the war of succession that took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657.
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3734:
3168:
She was the most influential of Shah Jahan's daughters after Jahanara Begum and sided with Aurangzeb during the war of succession. She died unmarried.
2730:
Shah Jahan continued striking coins in three metals i.e. gold (mohur), silver (rupee) and copper (dam). His pre-accession coins bear the name Khurram.
1983:
1916:
and "all the elephants, horses, and 4,000,000 rupees in specie belonging to the Government were delivered to him". After a short stay he then moved to
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2804:
70:
5457:
4938:
4441:"Looking Through European Eyes: Mughal State and Religious Freedom as Gleaned from The European Travellers' Accounts of the Seventeenth Century"
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1924:. Although the prince was forgiven for his errors in 1626, tensions between Nur Jahan and her stepson continued to grow beneath the surface.
1848:
Court intrigues, however, including Nur Jahan's decision to have her daughter from her first marriage wed Prince Khurram's youngest brother
6538:
5756:
Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth : the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals
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and Kazi Qurban of Agra came to the fort, moved his body to a nearby hall, washed it, enshrouded it, and put it in a coffin of sandalwood.
2570:, the Jahangir mausoleum – his father's tomb, the construction of which was overseen by his stepmother Nur Jahan and the
621:. In addition to Shahryar, Shah Jahan executed most of his rival claimants to the throne. He commissioned many monuments, including the
7275:
1820:
6523:
2290:
Shah Jahan gave orders in 1631 to Qasim Khan, the Mughal viceroy of Bengal, to drive out the Portuguese from their trading post at
838:, which had traditionally been the fief of the heir-apparent, to Khurram in 1608. After her marriage to Jahangir in the year 1611,
6066:
2342:
rebelled against the rule of Shah Jahan. In 1622, Shah Jahan sent Raja Vikramjit, the Governor of Gujarat, to subdue the Kolis of
1484:). They were about 14 and 15 when they were engaged, and five years later, got married. The young girl belonged to an illustrious
6178:
692:
He was born on 5 January 1592 in Lahore, present-day Pakistan, as the ninth child and third son of Prince Salim (later known as '
5231:
Mughal-Ottoman Relations: A Study of Political & Diplomatic Relations Between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556â1748
3065:) of the Mughal Empire after her mother's death, despite the fact that her father had three other consorts. She died unmarried.
1766:
1728:
Prince Khurram showed extraordinary military talent. The first occasion for Khurram to test his military prowess was during the
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1805:, an unprecedented honor for a prince. Edward S. Holden writes, "He was flattered by some, envied by others, loved by none."
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Jahangir assigned Khurram to guard the palace and treasury while he went to pursue Khusrau. He was later ordered to bring
2921:
1429:
4244:"Whom can a Muslim Woman Represent? Begum Jahanara Shah Nawaz and the politics of party building in late colonial India"
2498:
Shah Jahan left behind a grand legacy of structures constructed during his reign. He was one of the greatest patrons of
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2578:, made to celebrate his rule. Shah Jahan also placed profound verses of the Quran on his masterpieces of architecture.
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was appointed as the viceroy, who then proceeded to become engaged in religious disputes, such as the destruction of a
1401:
5434:
Ashburner, BhagvĂĄnlĂĄl Indraji (1839â1888) John Whaley Watson (1838â1889) Jervoise Athelstane Baines (1847â1925) L. R.
2282:, sent Shah Jahan another letter encouraging him to wage war against the Persians, but there is no record of a reply.
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2431:. Although Shah Jahan fully recovered from his illness, Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule and put him under
1448:
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as his successor. This nomination led to a succession crisis among his three sons, from which Shah Jahan's third son
2128:
took place and, in response, Shah Jahan ordered their destruction. Guru Hargobind defeated the Mughal's army in the
7174:
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1801:(Persian: "King of the World") and raised his military rank to 30000/20000 and allowed him a special throne in his
831:
2900:
1920:. His rebellion did not succeed in the end and he was forced to submit unconditionally after he was defeated near
1408:
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4741:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4687:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4633:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4604:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4575:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4546:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4505:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4075:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4046:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
4017:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Oxford University Press. pp.
3919:
2346:. Between 1632 and 1635, four viceroys were appointed in an effort to manage the Koli's activities. The Kolis of
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Well-known famines associated with back-to-back harvest failures include ... the Deccan famine of 1630â32
2184:, who recaptured it in 1649. The Mughal armies were unable to recapture it despite repeated sieges during the
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1617:. Her death had a profound impact on Shah Jahan's personality and inspired the construction of the marvelous
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Shah-Shuja escaped the brink of death, and another son born of Shahnawaz Khan's daughter in Burhanpur died.
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2046:. In various forms, Shah Jahan appropriated his Timurid background and grafted it onto his imperial legacy.
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17:
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Epigraphia Indica. Arabic and Persian supplement (in continuation of the series Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica)
5781:
Taj Mahal: The Illumined Tomb: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Mughal and European Documentary Sources
5311:
2230:. However, they retreated from the fruitless lands and Balkh and Badakhshan returned to Bukharan control.
527:
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3497:"Lords of the Auspicious Conjunction: The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires and the Islamic Ecumene".
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who called him to jharoka and rose from his seat to embrace him. Jahangir also granting him the title of
1382:
40:
3695:
History of India: Mediaeval India from the Mohammedan Conquest to the Reign of Akbar the Great, Volume 4
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In 1622, Prince Khurram raised an army and marched against his father and Nur Jahan. He was defeated at
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1632:(m. 2 September 1617), the daughters of Prince Muzaffar Husain Mirza Safawi and Shahnawaz Khan, son of
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As a child, Khurram received a broad education befitting his status as a Mughal prince, which included
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2506:. His most famous building was the Taj Mahal, which he built out of love for his wife, the empress
1909:
1633:
1489:
856:). After the death of Jahangir in 1627, a struggle developed between Khurram and his half-brother,
772:
words and showed little interest in the study of the language as a child. Khurram was attracted to
2023:
Evidence from the reign of Shah Jahan states that in 1648 the army consisted of 911,400 infantry,
1646:
Princess Kunwari Leelavati Deiji, daughter of Kunwar Sakat/Sagat or Shakti Singh son of Mota Raja
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5413:. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. I(II). The Government Central Press. p. 279.
5020:. Development Center of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. p. 639.
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Khurram had taken other wives, among whom were Kandahari Begum (m. 28 October 1610) and another
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literature since his childhood, and his Hindi letters were mentioned in his father's biography,
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6904:
6556:
6164:
5404:
3462:
2690:
1606:
637:
is entombed. In foreign affairs, Shah Jahan presided over the aggressive campaigns against the
5931:
5910:
5472:
5284:
4742:
4688:
4634:
4605:
4576:
4547:
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3077:
Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal
7051:
7005:
6967:
4076:
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4018:
1640:
5435:
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5645:
5408:
3748:
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3555:
2555:
2543:
2438:
1786:
1647:
1162:
818:
Jahangir had Khurram weighed against gold, silver and other wealth at his mansion at Orta.
725:
606:
573:
105:
1500:, who was also known by his title I'timÄd-ud-Daulah or "Pillar of the State". He had been
8:
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6768:
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6298:
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3503:. LSE International Studies. Cambridge University Press. 18 June 2020. pp. 167â213.
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2499:
2420:
2133:
2109:
2039:
1992:
1544:
1461:
In 1607, Khurram became engaged to Arjumand Banu Begum (1593â1631), who is also known as
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3124:
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2181:
1720:
1706:
4911:
3061:
Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential daughter. Jahanara became the First Lady (
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was appointed as the viceroy in 1654. He restored order and defeated the Koli rebels.
1593:
Mumtaz Mahal died at the young age of 38 (7 June 1631), upon giving birth to Princess
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streets filled with human corpses. In response to the devastation, Shah Jahan set up
1837:, the widowed daughter of a Persian noble. She rapidly became an important member of
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955:
769:
642:
638:
354:
349:
333:
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3227:(titled Akbarabadi Mahal). Jahan Afroz died at the age of one year and nine months.
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Taj Mahal and was interred there next to the body of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.
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6985:
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6677:
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6591:
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5783:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture. p. 23.
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1594:
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808:
785:
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613:. After Jahangir's death in October 1627, Shah Jahan defeated his youngest brother
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392:
190:
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580:, his reign marked the zenith of Mughal architectural and cultural achievements.
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6186:
6102:
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5374:
5229:
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4844:
4770:
3141:
2993:
2980:
2355:
2012:
2007:
1771:
1521:
595:
428:
374:
266:
66:
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5834:
3891:
Although removed from his mother at birth, Shah Jahan had become devoted to her.
7280:
7189:
7179:
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7123:
7036:
6790:
6712:
6687:
6546:
6503:
6288:
6248:
6228:
6138:
5607:
5013:
4986:
Sufism and Society: Arrangements of the Mystical in the Muslim World, 1200â1800
4812:
4169:
3457:
3034:
2481:
The actual tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan in the lower level of Taj Mahal
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2239:
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1988:
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1610:
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857:
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614:
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577:
477:
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359:
137:
6083:
5568:
4259:
4153:"Monument of Love or Symbol of Maternal Death: The Story Behind the Taj Mahal"
3508:
3190:
2210:
Shah Jahan launched an invasion of Central Asia from 1646 to 1647 against the
2038:
His cultural and political initial steps have been described as a type of the
717:'joyous') was chosen for the young prince by his grandfather, Emperor
7255:
7214:
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6508:
6408:
6273:
6268:
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5906:
5421:
5168:
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4306:
4267:
4203:
3541:
3452:
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3099:
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2709:
2372:
2351:
2050:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1829:
1729:
1698:
1572:
827:
801:
649:. He also suppressed several local rebellions and dealt with the devastating
521:
249:
229:
185:
6067:
Shah Jahan's 353rd death anniversary observed at Taj Mahal at TwoCircles.net
5239:
4848:
4840:
4452:
3603:
Jahangir's son, ponkua, better known as the emperor Shah Jahan the Architect
1999:
1690:
with the Royal prisoner and the talk of the low people magnifying a rumor.
826:
Due to the long period of tensions between his father and his half-brother,
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6398:
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He was killed in 1661 as per Aurangzeb's orders. He married and had issue.
3307:
3301:
3285:
3259:
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3224:
3211:
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3151:
3118:
3106:), in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne. He married and had issue.
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2507:
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by his father who considered him "the first of all my sons in everything."
1809:
1756:
1752:
1587:
1535:
1505:
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1217:
835:
800:
In 1605, his father succeeded to the throne, after crushing a rebellion by
744:
697:
634:
497:
384:
307:
284:
181:
4917:. Internet Archive. Delhi ; New York : Oxford University Press.
2362:, the local merchants complained bitterly of the outrages of one KĂĄnji, a
2302:
began to slump. Shah Jahan was particularly outraged by the activities of
2099:
1778:
In 1616, on Khurram's departure to Deccan, Jahangir awarded him the title
7169:
7078:
6889:
6840:
6805:
6428:
6413:
6403:
6393:
6388:
5853:
A. Ghosh, (Director General of Archaeology in India) (22 December 1965).
5652:
5553:. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 59.
5376:
Tribal Studies in India: Perspectives of History, Archaeology and Culture
5253:
5025:
4817:
3071:
2655:
2625:
2551:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2335:
2189:
1614:
1540:
657:
507:
416:
364:
6071:
5329:
5134:
4314:
4290:
7199:
7164:
7144:
6850:
6785:
6513:
6438:
6383:
6283:
5721:. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Oxford University Press. p. 362.
5116:
2881: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2817:
2295:
2227:
2113:
1939:, meaning "Second Lord of the Happy Conjunction of Jupiter and Venus".
1880:
1879:. He was first lodged in Delwada Ki Haveli and subsequently shifted to
1865:
1578:
1389: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
853:
676:
223:
120:
33:
3845:. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Oxford University Press. p. 46.
3803:. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Oxford University Press. p. 30.
2594:. It has been on the tentative UNESCO World Heritage list since 1993.
656:
In September 1657, Shah Jahan was ailing and appointed his eldest son
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6845:
6238:
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5951:
5125:
4989:
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2640:
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2299:
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2028:
1921:
1908:. At Akbarnagar, he defeated and killed the then Subahdar of Bengal,
1885:
1834:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1639:
Khurram is also recorded to have married his maternal half-cousin, a
1618:
1598:
1583:
1548:
1509:
839:
661:
630:
618:
379:
245:
152:
5511:
2856:
2188:. Shah Jahan also expanded the Mughal Empire to the west beyond the
1658:
when Khurram was in rebellion against his father, emperor Jahangir.
1364:
6899:
6753:
6303:
6223:
6131:
5712:
3836:
3794:
3583:
Fenech, Louis E. (2014). "The Evolution of the Sikh Community". In
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3272:
3025:
2713:
2606:
2591:
2559:
2519:
2511:
2442:
2359:
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2173:
2053:
was introduced, becoming Shah Jahan's favorite, and various Mughal
2016:
1901:
1858:
1854:
1838:
1794:
1625:
1525:
1517:
1501:
1485:
981:
693:
622:
584:
487:
215:
194:
133:
62:
675:. During Shah Jahan's time, Islamic revivalist movements like the
6815:
6213:
5420:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5348:"Why Bengal owes much of its food and language to the Portuguese"
3020:
The first of fourteen children born to Shah Jahan's second wife,
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2477:
2380:
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2339:
2322:
Shah Jahan's treasurer was Sheikh Farid, who founded the city of
2303:
2263:
2251:
2177:
2074:
2054:
1975:. This allowed Shah Jahan to rule his empire without contention.
1905:
1869:
1678:
also dismisses such claims as rumors propagated by courtiers and
1655:
1253:
1017:
923:
897:
849:
594:), Shah Jahan participated in the military campaigns against the
472:
460:
90:
5861:
INSCRIPTIONS OF THE MUGHALS, DISTRICTS JAIPUR, NAGAUR AND TONK.â
3135:
He survived in the war of succession. He married and had issue.
3050:
6810:
5646:"The Architecture of the Mughal Empire (North-Western Regions)"
3414:
Mumtaz Mahal died while giving birth to her on 17 June 1631 in
2307:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2193:
2180:, prompting the retaliation of the Persians led by their ruler
2024:
1963:
and Garshasp, sons of Shah Jahan's previously executed brother
1897:
1733:
1693:
Several contemporary travelers have mentioned such accessions.
1679:
1651:
1643:
1602:
1529:
733:
598:
512:
177:
5330:"Asnad.org Digital Persian Archives: Detail view document 356"
3562:. Vol. 11. Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill. p. 143.
3087:
2996:. Parhez Banu was her mother's only child and died unmarried.
1709:
traveler, dismisses such accusations by Bernier as gossip and
6374:
6218:
6208:
5912:
Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals
3716:. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Reference. 2011. p.
3157:
2755:
2717:
2705:
2587:
2452:
2275:
2267:
2223:
2043:
2032:
1960:
1917:
1913:
1872:
1741:
1737:
1493:
789:
773:
765:
718:
672:
602:
233:
57:
4716:. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Service. p. 257.
1755:
surrendered conditionally to the Mughal forces and became a
6795:
5891:. Vol. I: 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 368.
3887:
A Teardrop on the Cheek of Time: The Story of the Taj Mahal
2531:
1889:
739:
219:
74:
5958:
The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra
5407:(1896). "Chapter III. Mughal Viceroys. (A.D. 1573â1758)".
1492:, who had been serving Mughal emperors since the reign of
5836:
Archaeology progress report of the A.S.I., Western Circle
4821:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
3560:
Muqarnas : an annual on Islamic art and architecture
760:
and exposure to a wide variety of cultural arts, such as
757:
5809:. Public Resource. Archaeological Survey of India. 2011.
4291:"Piety and Pricess Jahanara's Role in the Public Domain"
3435:
Shah Jahan inscription from a well at Makrana, Rajasthan
2214:. With an total army of 75,000, Shah Jahan and his sons
5718:
The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India
5634:
UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 10 February 2011
3842:
The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India
3800:
The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India
2119:
2100:
Successful military campaigns against Deccan Sultanates
5079:. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 24.
4910:ĘťInÄyat KhÄn, approximately 1627-1670 or 1671 (1990).
3917:
2678:
is considered to be the most ornate Mughal-era mosque.
1740:, which had been a hostile force to the Mughals since
1724:
Shirt of the Personal Armour of Shah Jahan c.1632-1633
2147:
738:
in court chronicles. On the death of Jagat Gosain in
576:
from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. As the fifth
5859:. Government of India Press, Faridabad. p. 60.
5163:(10th ed.). Delhi: S. Chand. pp. 148â149.
4818:
Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
4802:
3531:
2233:
2199:
5982:
Shah Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor
5283:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2006).
4958:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians
5955:
5051:"The 5 most dominant economic empires of all time"
3777:
3775:
3709:
539:(5 January 1592 â 22 January 1666), also known as
5474:Aesthetic Hybridity in Mughal Painting, 1526â1658
2992:Shah Jahan's first child born to his first wife,
2391:who failed to subdue Kolis. Subsequently, prince
7212:
5691:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 115.
5282:
5208:"Balkh Campaign: An Indian Army in Central Asia"
4764:
4762:
4134:
4132:
3934:
3634:Shah Jahan, Emperor Shahabuddin Muhammad Khurram
3532:Shujauddin, Mohammad; Shujauddik, Razia (1967).
2485:
1808:In 1618, Shah Jahan was given the first copy of
1666:After Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658, his daughter
1532:, with whom he had a daughter, his first child.
1524:, the daughter of a great-grandson of the great
5583:"A Qutub Minar that not many knew even existed"
5551:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India
5262:. Columbia University Press. pp. 175â188.
3772:
2096:(free kitchens) for the victims of the famine.
1931:His regnal name is divided into various parts.
1785:In 1617, Khurram was directed to deal with the
811:, his grandmother and Jahangir's harem to him.
411:Mirza Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram Shah Jahan
4768:
4117:
3691:
3645:
1586:, the burial place of Shah Jahan and his wife
6172:
5839:. Central Archeological Library. p. 40.
5758:. Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi & Co. p. 40.
5234:. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. pp. 26â30.
4983:
4759:
4372:India in Early Modern English Travel Writings
4337:India in Early Modern English Travel Writings
4129:
3674:
2658:return after attending a congregation in the
2329:
2242:in 1637. Led by Mir Zarif, it reached Sultan
2172:Shah Jahan and his sons captured the city of
2104:In 1632, Shah Jahan captured the fortress at
1951:("His Majesty the Refuge of the Caliphate"),
1774:of Mewar to Prince Khurram, Tuzk-e-Jahangiri.
1661:
6005:(2nd ed.). Allahabad: The Indian Press.
4909:
2387:. Due to these disputes, he was replaced by
2065:Shah Jahan's empire. According to economist
1892:. In November 1623, he found safe asylum in
6021:. Vol. V. Cambridge University Press.
5778:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5689:People, Taxation, and Trade in Mughal India
5456:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5316:The Religious policy of the Mughal Emperors
5074:
4951:
4937:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4490:, Oxford University press, pp. 216â217
3978:The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504â1719
3652:A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture
3614:
3536:. Lahore: Caravan Book House. p. 121.
3223:The only child of Shah Jahan's third wife,
2294:. The post was heavily armed with cannons,
1824:Shah Jahan on horseback (during his youth).
1715:
1539:Shah Jahan, accompanied by his three sons:
1469:
553:
436:
6179:
6165:
6072:History of Islam in India at IndiaNest.com
5318:, Asian publishing house, pp. 104â105
4984:Ohlander, Erik; Curry, John, eds. (2012).
4368:"Women in India: The "Sati" and the Harem"
4333:"Women in India: The "Sati" and the Harem"
4295:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
3980:. Cambridge University Press. p. 71.
3884:
3712:Illustrated dictionary of the Muslim world
3618:; Fenech, Louis E., eds. (2014). "Index".
2803:
706:
83:
5883:Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (2003) .
5779:Begley, W. E.; Desai, Z.A., eds. (1989).
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5223:
5221:
5124:
4657:
4419:
4168:
3554:
3346:Died at the age of one and a half years.
2941:Learn how and when to remove this message
2628:was built during the reign of Shah Jahan.
2502:. His reign ushered in the golden age of
1449:Learn how and when to remove this message
115:19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658
6372:
6009:
5852:
5738:
5711:
5657:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
5497:
5470:
5403:
5048:
5012:
4885:
4714:Mughal Emperors of Hindustan (1398â1707)
4365:
4330:
3835:
3793:
3740:
3622:. Oxford University Press. p. 649.
3430:
2489:
2476:
2457:
2402:
2262:and ordered his forces to accompany the
2222:temporarily occupied the territories of
2151:
2077:were demolished on Shah Jahan's orders.
2006:
1998:
1982:
1819:
1765:
1719:
1577:
1534:
5772:
5289:. Cengage Learning. pp. 431, 475.
5227:
5206:Hada, Ranvijay Singh (18 August 2020).
5158:
5103:(March 2007). "Making Famine History".
5099:
4961:. Vol. VI. London: TrĂźbner and Co.
4868:
4736:
4682:
4628:
4599:
4570:
4541:
4500:
4447:, London: Routledge, pp. 121â132,
4229:The Mertiyo Rathors of Merta, Rajasthan
4070:
4041:
4012:
3975:
3969:
3591:. Oxford University Press. p. 46.
1868:in March 1623. Later he took refuge in
687:
299: 1612; died 1631)
39:For other people named Shah Jahan, see
14:
7213:
5998:
5976:
5929:
5753:
5686:
5673:
5372:
5309:
5218:
5075:Titus, Murray T; Dewick, E.C. (1979).
4971:
4897:
4711:
4529:
4481:
4438:
4190:
4111:
4099:
4000:
3963:
3951:
3941:. Idarah-i-Adabiyat-Delli. p. 48.
3938:Influence of Islam on Hindi Literature
3781:
3654:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 897.
3582:
2754:Silver rupee coin of Shah Jahan, from
2285:
1896:after he was driven from Agra and the
1233:
1116:
1112:
1102:
997:
887:
883:
6160:
5905:
5882:
5548:
5536:
5433:
5252:
4428:, Oxford University Press, p. 11
4326:
4324:
4150:
4138:
4123:
3907:. Vikas Publishing House. p. 52.
3829:
3823:
1841:court and, together with her brother
1512:, chief consort of Emperor Jahangir.
1306:
1296:
1292:
1280:
1277:
1267:
1251:
1241:
1237:
1221:
1215:
1205:
1192:
1182:
1178:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1134:
1124:
1120:
1096:
1086:
1073:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1041:
1031:
1015:
1005:
1001:
985:
979:
969:
953:
943:
939:
927:
921:
911:
895:
891:
547:
7261:History books about the 17th century
5950:
5856:Indian Archaeology 1962-63, A Review
5659:. Vol. V. UNESCO. p. 524.
5643:
5503:
5205:
4288:
4241:
3472:, 1946 Indian film about the emperor
2879:adding citations to reliable sources
2850:
2415:When Shah Jahan became ill in 1658,
2398:
2120:Sikh rebellion led by Guru Hargobind
1759:of the Mughal Empire as a result of
1387:adding citations to reliable sources
1358:
795:
537:Mirza Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram
6038:Textbook of Medieval Indian History
6035:
5962:. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd.
5193:
5181:
4772:History of Medieval India: 800â1700
4409:, Adithya Prakashan, pp. 93â94
4400:
3902:
3620:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
3589:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
2534:, large sections of Agra Fort, the
1955:("His Majesty the Shadow of God").
1520:Princess (name not known) entitled
705:
696:' upon his accession) by his wife,
617:and crowned himself emperor in the
24:
6019:The New Cambridge History of India
5933:Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India
5889:The New Cambridge History of India
5575:
5049:Matthews, Chris (5 October 2014).
4420:Constable, Archibald, ed. (1916),
4321:
4151:Kumar, Anant (JanuaryâJune 2014).
3921:History Of Shahjahan Of Dihli 1932
3885:Perston, Diana; Perston, Micheal.
3865:
2716:and a spear pendant with the word
2574:. He also had the Peacock Throne,
2354:committed excesses and the Jam of
2238:Shah Jahan sent an embassy to the
2148:Relations with the Safavid dynasty
2108:and imprisoned Husein Shah of the
1278:7. Rajavat Kachawahi Manrang Devi
25:
7292:
7276:17th-century Mughal Empire people
6055:
5272:– via Frances W. Pritchett.
2234:Relations with the Ottoman Empire
2200:Military campaign in Central Asia
2080:
2035:commanded by princes and nobles.
1571:), and being responsible for the
1551:, and their maternal grandfather
861:comfortable life till her death.
852:and the other being the right to
6187:
5415:
4439:Manzar, Nishat (31 March 2023),
4401:Lal, Kishori Saran, ed. (1988),
3534:The Life and Times of Noor Jahan
3312:
3189:
3156:
3123:
3086:
3049:
2855:
2775:
2763:
2747:
2742:Gold Mohur from Akbarabad (Agra)
2735:
2697:
2683:
2667:
2647:
2633:
2613:
2599:
2124:A rebellion of the Sikhs led by
1621:, where she was later reburied.
1363:
679:began to shape Mughal policies.
526:
27:Mughal emperor from 1628 to 1658
6484:Suppression of Tilpat rebellion
5876:
5846:
5827:
5797:
5705:
5637:
5625:
5600:
5542:
5530:
5518:. Archeological Survey of India
5509:
5491:
5464:
5427:
5397:
5366:
5340:
5322:
5303:
5276:
5246:
5228:Farooqi, Naimur Rahman (1989).
5199:
5187:
5175:
5152:
5093:
5068:
5042:
5006:
4977:
4965:
4945:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4862:
4796:
4730:
4705:
4676:
4651:
4622:
4593:
4564:
4535:
4523:
4494:
4475:
4432:
4413:
4394:
4359:
4282:
4235:
4221:
4196:
4184:
4144:
4105:
4093:
4064:
4035:
4006:
3994:
3957:
3945:
3928:
3918:Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1932).
3911:
3896:
3878:
3859:
3817:
3787:
3754:
3426:
2866:needs additional citations for
2156:Painting of Shah Jahan hunting
1967:; and his cousins Tahmuras and
1935:, meaning "Star of the Faith",
1912:, on 20 April 1624. He entered
1815:
1374:needs additional citations for
666:
589:
316:
296:
275:
7021:List of tombs of Mughal Empire
6479:MughalâSafavid war (1649â1653)
6474:MughalâSafavid war (1622â1623)
5930:Findly, Ellison Banks (1993).
5446:– via Project Gutenberg.
5373:Behera, Maguni Charan (2019).
5105:Journal of Economic Literature
4660:World Monarchies and Dynasties
4366:Banerjee, Rita (7 July 2021),
4331:Banerjee, Rita (7 July 2021),
4157:Case Reports in Women's Health
3702:
3685:
3668:
3639:
3608:
3576:
3548:
3525:
3490:
2407:Shah Jahan and his eldest son
1504:finance minister and his son,
13:
1:
7226:Emperors of the Mughal Empire
5159:Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1971) .
5018:The World Economy Volumes 1â2
4875:. Edinburgh Press. p. 6.
4823:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
4803:Muazzam Hussain Khan (2012).
4482:Irvine, William, ed. (1907),
4242:Koul, Ashish (January 2022).
3479:
2770:Copper Dam from Daryakot mint
2486:Contributions to architecture
2310:region, and the garrison was
1711:"The talk of the Low People".
1686:confining of Jahanara in the
1654:. The marriage took place at
1496:. The family's patriarch was
1479:The Exalted One of the Palace
682:
633:, where his favorite consort
94:
7246:17th-century Indian monarchs
5885:Architecture of Mughal India
5549:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1984) .
5259:Muslim Civilization in India
2518:other constructions are the
2494:Imperial Seals of Shah Jahan
2455:, Shah Jahan died, aged 74.
2317:
2206:Mughal Central Asia Campaign
1354:
821:
751:
7:
7251:17th-century Indian Muslims
6529:MughalâPortuguese conflicts
6062:Shah Jehan in Christian Art
5936:. Oxford University Press.
4712:Holden, Edward S. (2004) .
4374:, Brill, pp. 173â208,
4339:, Brill, pp. 173â208,
4231:. Vol. II. p. 45.
3587:; Fenech, Louis E. (eds.).
3446:
2958:
2073:, write that 76 temples in
1488:noble family that included
864:
41:Shah Jahan (disambiguation)
10:
7297:
6928:Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad
6084:Shah Jahan's Coin Database
5477:. Routledge. p. 116.
5471:Gonzalez, Valerie (2016).
4805:"Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang"
4737:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4683:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4662:. Routledge. p. 451.
4629:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4600:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4571:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4542:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4501:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4170:10.1016/j.crwh.2014.07.001
4071:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4042:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
4013:Emperor, Jahangir (1999).
3976:Faruqui, Munis D. (2012).
2330:Revolts against Shah Jahan
2203:
2084:
2057:were mass-produced in the
2003:Shah Jahan the Great Mogul
1971:, sons of the late Prince
1947:("His Imperial Majesty"),
1761:Mughal expedition of Mewar
1662:Relationship with Jahanara
1227:
1114:
991:
885:
570:Shah Jahan the Magnificent
339:
38:
31:
7137:
7071:
7029:
6966:
6948:Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
6918:
6877:
6868:
6741:
6670:
6537:
6451:
6317:
6199:
6145:
6136:
6128:
6123:
6096:
5310:Sharma, Ram, ed. (1962),
4260:10.1017/S0026749X20000578
3935:Saiyada Asad AlÄŤ (2000).
3509:10.1017/9781108867948.007
2955:
2831:
2823:
2811:
2802:
2789:
2462:The Passing of Shah Jahan
2423:, Viceroy of Bengal, and
2270:, where they set sail to
2250:While he was encamped in
1650:and half brother of Raja
1294:
1286:
1261:
1239:
1235:
1199:
1180:
1172:
1144:
1122:
1118:
1080:
1061:
1053:
1025:
1003:
999:
963:
941:
933:
905:
889:
641:, the conflicts with the
520:
503:
493:
483:
471:
459:
434:
427:
422:
415:
410:
405:
401:
332:
257:
240:
201:
162:
158:
148:
129:
119:
111:
104:
82:
55:
50:
6519:Indian Rebellion of 1857
6464:Mughal conquest of Malwa
5687:Moosvi, Shireen (2008).
5286:World History: From 1500
4815:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).
4658:Middleton, John (2015).
3866:Kamboh, Muhammad Saleh.
3678:When Kings Rode to Delhi
3484:
2841:
2782:Silver Rupee from Multan
2725:
2087:Deccan famine of 1630â32
1978:
1949:Hazrat-i-Khilafat-Panahi
1937:Sahib al-Quiran ud-Thani
1910:Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang
1833:1611 his father married
1747:After a year of a harsh
1716:Early military campaigns
1634:Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
792:'s health deteriorated.
651:Deccan famine of 1630â32
549:[ĘÉËhdÍĄĘa.ËhÉËn]
446:One who nest in Paradise
77:(King of Kings of India)
32:Not to be confused with
6494:TibetâLadakhâMughal war
6036:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
5915:. Penguin Books India.
5863:Of the inscriptions of
5754:Sarker, Kobita (2007).
5405:Campbell, James Macnabb
4974:, pp. 275â282, 284
4769:Satish Chandra (2007).
4453:10.4324/9781003400202-9
3924:. Indian Press Limited.
3766:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
3295:Died soon after birth.
2468:Sayyid Muhammad Qanauji
2106:Daulatabad, Maharashtra
873:Ancestors of Shah Jahan
325:Kunwari Leelavati Deiji
5999:Prasad, Beni (1930) .
5819:: CS1 maint: others (
4869:Hossain, Syud (1909).
4426:Travels in Mogul India
4403:"The Charge of Incest"
3646:Flood, Finbarr Barry;
3463:Wine cup of Shah Jahan
3436:
3418:. She died unmarried.
2847:Children of Shah Jahan
2691:Moti Masjid (Red Fort)
2495:
2482:
2466:Shah Jahan's chaplain
2463:
2451:) and verses from the
2412:
2169:
2020:
2004:
1996:
1900:. He advanced through
1825:
1775:
1725:
1607:postpartum haemorrhage
1590:
1555:
1074:11. Champavati Solanki
647:wars with the Safavids
545:Persian pronunciation:
7006:Tomb of Salim Chishti
6489:AhomâMughal conflicts
6239:Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)
5651:. In Adle, Chahryar;
4872:Echoes from Old Dacca
4488:Storia Do Mogor Vol 1
4289:Bano, Shadab (2013).
4204:"The Taj Mahal Story"
3434:
2493:
2480:
2461:
2406:
2155:
2049:During his reign the
2015:Shah Jahan of India,
2010:
2002:
1986:
1823:
1769:
1732:campaign against the
1723:
1581:
1538:
1490:Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan
7271:Subahdars of Gujarat
6968:Tombs and mausoleums
6077:18 June 2006 at the
5644:Dani, A. H. (2003).
5436:"History of GujarĂĄt"
5379:. New Delhi, India:
5161:Mughal Rule in India
5026:10.1787/456125276116
4775:. Orient BlackSwan.
4248:Modern Asian Studies
3692:Stanley Lane-Poole.
3246:February/March 1621
2875:improve this article
2827:His Imperial Majesty
2449:Laa ilaaha ill allah
2439:Jahanara Begum Sahib
1383:improve this article
784:and his grandmother
726:Ruqaiya Sultan Begum
700:. The name Khurram (
688:Birth and background
574:Emperor of Hindustan
106:Emperor of Hindustan
6933:Jama Masjid (Delhi)
6499:MughalâMaratha wars
6002:History of Jahangir
5612:www.tajmahal.gov.in
4208:www.tajmahal.gov.in
3675:Gabrielle Festing.
3098:The eldest son and
2654:Shah Jahan and the
2556:Mahabat Khan Mosque
2504:Mughal architecture
2500:Mughal architecture
2286:War with Portuguese
2134:Battle of Kartarpur
2110:Nizam Shahi Kingdom
2040:Timurid Renaissance
1993:Windsor Padshahnama
1953:Hazrat Zill-i-Ilahi
1828:Inheritance in the
1780:Shah Sultan Khurram
1652:Sur Singh of Marwar
782:Salima Sultan Begum
7266:People from Lahore
7185:Nizam of Hyderabad
6459:Mughal-Rajput wars
6279:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
6244:Muhammad Azam Shah
5587:The Times of India
5438:. pp. 278â283
5410:History of GujarĂĄt
5352:The Indian Express
5196:, pp. 169â170
5184:, pp. 170â171
5117:10.1257/jel.45.1.5
3903:Lal, Muni (1986).
3768:. 17 October 2023.
3437:
3255:Surayya Banu Begum
3244:18 December 1619 â
3165:11 September 1671
3163:3 September 1617 â
3058:16 September 1681
2660:Jama Masjid, Delhi
2550:, sections of the
2496:
2483:
2464:
2429:Battle of Samugarh
2413:
2212:Khanate of Bukhara
2186:MughalâSafavid War
2182:Abbas II of Persia
2170:
2130:Battle of Amritsar
2021:
2005:
1997:
1987:Shah Jahan at his
1826:
1776:
1770:The Submission of
1726:
1591:
1556:
435:Firduas Ashiyani (
7208:
7207:
7195:Kingdom of Mysore
7129:Foreign relations
7067:
7066:
7016:Tomb of Nur Jahan
7011:Tomb of Aurangzeb
6958:Wazir Khan Mosque
6878:Forts and palaces
6864:
6863:
6836:Guru Gobind Singh
6764:Bayazid of Sylhet
6447:
6446:
6347:Foreign relations
6155:
6154:
6146:Succeeded by
6015:The Mughal Empire
6011:Richards, John F.
5790:978-0-295-96944-2
5632:Shah Jahan Mosque
4924:978-0-19-562489-2
4811:; Miah, Sajahan;
4723:978-81-206-1883-1
4669:978-1-317-45158-7
4462:978-1-003-40020-2
4381:978-90-04-44826-1
4346:978-90-04-44826-1
3987:978-1-107-02217-1
3727:978-0-7614-7929-1
3661:978-1-119-06857-0
3629:978-0-19-969930-8
3598:978-0-19-969930-8
3569:978-90-04-10070-1
3518:978-1-108-49121-1
3422:
3421:
3390:Died in infancy.
3368:Died in infancy.
3341:4 November 1626 â
3321:14 December 1661
3275:at the age of 7.
3249:Died in infancy.
3196:3 November 1618 â
3028:at the age of 3.
3003:Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
2975:Parhez Banu Begum
2951:
2950:
2943:
2925:
2839:
2838:
2832:Alternative style
2676:Wazir Khan Mosque
2622:Naulakha Pavilion
2583:Shah Jahan Mosque
2540:Wazir Khan Mosque
2399:Illness and death
2176:in 1638 from the
2138:Battle of Rohilla
2031:men, and 185,000
1945:Hazrat Shahenshah
1850:Shahzada Shahryar
1630:Izz un-Nisa Begum
1459:
1458:
1451:
1433:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
956:Hamida Banu Begum
796:Khusrau rebellion
778:Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri
716:
639:Deccan sultanates
627:Shah Jahan Mosque
583:The third son of
563:King of the World
534:
533:
455:
454:
355:Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
350:Parhez Banu Begum
75:Shahenshah-e-Hind
71:Al-Sultan Al-Azam
16:(Redirected from
7288:
7241:People from Agra
7175:Nawabs of Bengal
7138:Successor states
7042:Shalimar Gardens
6986:Gardens of Babur
6875:
6874:
6821:Lachit Borphukan
6535:
6534:
6524:MughalâSikh wars
6469:Gujarat conquest
6370:
6369:
6362:Mughal artillery
6191:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6129:Preceded by
6119:
6112:
6094:
6093:
6051:
6040:. Primus Books.
6032:
6006:
5995:
5984:. London: Haus.
5973:
5961:
5947:
5926:
5902:
5871:
5870:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5818:
5810:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5751:
5736:
5735:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5684:
5671:
5670:
5650:
5641:
5635:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5225:
5216:
5215:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5128:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5010:
5004:
5003:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4936:
4928:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4766:
4757:
4756:
4739:The Jahangirnama
4734:
4728:
4727:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4685:The Jahangirnama
4680:
4674:
4673:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4631:The Jahangirnama
4626:
4620:
4619:
4602:The Jahangirnama
4597:
4591:
4590:
4573:The Jahangirnama
4568:
4562:
4561:
4544:The Jahangirnama
4539:
4533:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4503:The Jahangirnama
4498:
4492:
4491:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4407:The Mughal Harem
4398:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4073:The Jahangirnama
4068:
4062:
4061:
4044:The Jahangirnama
4039:
4033:
4032:
4015:The Jahangirnama
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3758:
3752:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3715:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3648:Necipoglu, Gulru
3643:
3637:
3636:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3556:NecipoÄlu, GĂźlru
3552:
3546:
3545:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3494:
3319:8 October 1624 â
3316:
3193:
3160:
3132:7 February 1661
3127:
3090:
3053:
2987:21 August 1611 â
2953:
2952:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2883:
2859:
2851:
2807:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2767:
2751:
2739:
2701:
2687:
2671:
2651:
2637:
2617:
2603:
2572:Shahjahan Mosque
2564:Mini Qutub Minar
2548:Shalimar Gardens
2522:also called the
2142:Battle of Lahira
1881:Jagmandir Palace
1749:war of attrition
1703:Niccolao Manucci
1695:Francois Bernier
1595:Gauhar Ara Begum
1498:Mirza Ghiyas Beg
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1391:
1367:
1359:
1044:Mariam-uz-Zamani
879:
878:
870:
869:
809:Mariam-uz-Zamani
786:Mariam-uz-Zamani
758:martial training
711:
709:
708:
670:
669: 1658â1707
668:
593:
592: 1605â1627
591:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
551:
546:
530:
516:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
403:
402:
393:Gauhar Ara Begum
343:
320:
318:
308:Izzunnissa Begum
300:
298:
279:
277:
226:, Mughal Empire
208:
174:
172:
125:14 February 1628
99:
96:
87:
48:
47:
21:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7180:Nawabs of Awadh
7133:
7114:Persian Mughals
7063:
7047:Achabal Gardens
7025:
6996:Jahangir's Tomb
6981:Bibi Ka Maqbara
6962:
6943:Badshahi Mosque
6914:
6860:
6826:Khushal Khattak
6801:Maharana Pratap
6737:
6666:
6647:Thanesar (1710)
6642:Thanesar (1567)
6533:
6443:
6368:
6313:
6309:Bahadur Shah II
6264:Rafi ud-Darajat
6195:
6185:
6151:
6142:
6134:
6118:22 January 1666
6113:
6107:
6106:
6103:Timurid dynasty
6099:
6079:Wayback Machine
6058:
6048:
6029:
5992:
5970:
5944:
5923:
5899:
5879:
5874:
5851:
5847:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5812:
5811:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5791:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5752:
5739:
5729:
5710:
5706:
5699:
5685:
5674:
5667:
5648:
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5638:
5630:
5626:
5616:
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5606:
5605:
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5591:
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5580:
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5547:
5543:
5535:
5531:
5521:
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5508:
5504:
5496:
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5469:
5465:
5449:
5448:
5441:
5439:
5432:
5428:
5416:
5402:
5398:
5391:
5381:Springer Nature
5371:
5367:
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5341:
5328:
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5308:
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5297:
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5247:
5226:
5219:
5204:
5200:
5192:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5157:
5153:
5101:Ă GrĂĄda, Cormac
5098:
5094:
5087:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5014:Maddison, Angus
5011:
5007:
5000:
4992:. p. 141.
4982:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4950:
4946:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4908:
4904:
4896:
4892:
4884:
4880:
4867:
4863:
4853:
4851:
4833:
4813:Khanam, Mahfuza
4801:
4797:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4681:
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4670:
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4399:
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4212:
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4110:
4106:
4098:
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4065:
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4036:
4029:
4011:
4007:
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3995:
3988:
3974:
3970:
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3916:
3912:
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3897:
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3834:
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3822:
3818:
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3792:
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3780:
3773:
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3755:
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3735:
3728:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3690:
3686:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3616:Singh, Pashaura
3613:
3609:
3599:
3585:Singh, Pashaura
3581:
3577:
3570:
3553:
3549:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3449:
3443:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3410:
3386:
3385:23 April 1629 â
3364:
3342:
3320:
3267:
3245:
3219:
3197:
3178:
3164:
3145:
3142:Roshanara Begum
3131:
3095:30 August 1659
3094:
3093:20 March 1615 â
3075:
3057:
3056:23 March 1614 â
3038:
3016:
3015:30 March 1613 â
2994:Kandahari Begum
2988:
2981:Kandahari Begum
2947:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2884:
2882:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2844:
2813:Reference style
2795:
2793:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2771:
2768:
2759:
2752:
2743:
2740:
2728:
2721:
2702:
2693:
2688:
2679:
2672:
2663:
2652:
2643:
2638:
2629:
2618:
2609:
2604:
2488:
2401:
2332:
2320:
2288:
2266:to the port of
2236:
2208:
2202:
2150:
2122:
2102:
2089:
2083:
1981:
1818:
1772:Rana Amar Singh
1718:
1664:
1597:in the city of
1522:Kandahari Begum
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1455:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1368:
1357:
1352:
1193:13. Swarup Devi
867:
836:Hissar-e-Feroza
824:
798:
754:
690:
685:
665:
588:
568:), also called
565:
562:
559:
556:
544:
510:
448:
445:
442:
439:
429:Posthumous name
397:
375:Roshanara Begum
340:among others...
337:
336:
328:
322:
319: 1617)
314:
310:
302:
294:
290:
287:
281:
278: 1610)
273:
269:
267:Kandahari Begum
253:
227:
210:
206:
205:22 January 1666
188:
176:
170:
168:
167:
136:
100:
97:
73:
69:
65:
61:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7294:
7284:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7155:Maratha Empire
7152:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:Fatehpur Sikri
7033:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6991:Humayun's Tomb
6988:
6983:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6955:
6953:Sunehri Masjid
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6905:Jahangir Mahal
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6881:
6879:
6872:
6866:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6791:Sher Shah Suri
6788:
6783:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6617:Panipat (1761)
6614:
6612:Panipat (1556)
6609:
6607:Panipat (1526)
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6552:Badli-ki-Serai
6549:
6543:
6541:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6321:
6319:
6318:Administration
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6289:Shah Jahan III
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6249:Bahadur Shah I
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6184:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6161:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6144:
6139:Mughal Emperor
6135:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6124:Regnal titles
6121:
6120:
6111:5 January 1592
6100:
6097:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6069:
6064:
6057:
6056:External links
6054:
6053:
6052:
6047:978-9380607344
6046:
6033:
6028:978-0521566032
6027:
6007:
5996:
5991:978-1906598181
5990:
5978:Nicoll, Fergus
5974:
5969:978-0500342091
5968:
5948:
5943:978-0195360608
5942:
5927:
5922:978-0141001432
5921:
5907:Eraly, Abraham
5903:
5898:978-0521267281
5897:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5845:
5826:
5796:
5789:
5771:
5765:978-8170743002
5764:
5737:
5727:
5704:
5698:978-0195693157
5697:
5672:
5666:978-9231038761
5665:
5636:
5624:
5608:"Callingraphy"
5599:
5574:
5560:978-8120710153
5559:
5541:
5529:
5502:
5490:
5484:978-1317184874
5483:
5463:
5426:
5396:
5390:978-9813290266
5389:
5383:. p. 46.
5365:
5339:
5321:
5302:
5296:978-0495050544
5295:
5275:
5269:978-0231025805
5268:
5245:
5217:
5198:
5186:
5174:
5151:
5092:
5086:978-8170690962
5085:
5067:
5041:
5034:
5005:
4998:
4976:
4964:
4944:
4923:
4902:
4890:
4878:
4861:
4831:
4809:Islam, Sirajul
4795:
4782:978-8125032267
4781:
4758:
4751:
4729:
4722:
4704:
4697:
4675:
4668:
4650:
4643:
4621:
4614:
4592:
4585:
4563:
4556:
4534:
4522:
4515:
4493:
4474:
4461:
4445:Islam in India
4431:
4412:
4393:
4380:
4358:
4345:
4320:
4281:
4234:
4220:
4195:
4183:
4143:
4128:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4085:
4063:
4056:
4034:
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4005:
3993:
3986:
3968:
3956:
3944:
3927:
3910:
3895:
3877:
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3851:
3828:
3816:
3809:
3786:
3771:
3753:
3733:
3726:
3701:
3684:
3681:. p. 283.
3667:
3660:
3638:
3628:
3607:
3597:
3575:
3568:
3558:, ed. (1994).
3547:
3524:
3517:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3460:
3458:Shah Jahan III
3455:
3448:
3445:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3409:17 June 1631 â
3407:
3405:
3400:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3361:
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3344:
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3317:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3268:28 April 1628
3266:10 June 1621 â
3264:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3218:25 June 1619 â
3216:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3180:Mughal emperor
3170:
3169:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3130:23 June 1616 â
3128:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3035:Jahanara Begum
3030:
3029:
3024:. She died of
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2966:
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2960:
2957:
2949:
2948:
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2861:
2854:
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2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2487:
2484:
2435:in Agra Fort.
2400:
2397:
2331:
2328:
2319:
2316:
2287:
2284:
2235:
2232:
2204:Main article:
2201:
2198:
2196:and Kandahar.
2166:Madhya Pradesh
2164:, present-day
2149:
2146:
2126:Guru Hargobind
2121:
2118:
2101:
2098:
2085:Main article:
2082:
2081:Famine of 1630
2079:
2067:Angus Maddison
2013:Mughal Emperor
1980:
1977:
1965:Prince Khusrau
1877:Karan Singh II
1875:with Maharana
1817:
1814:
1717:
1714:
1668:Jahanara Begum
1663:
1660:
1611:Prince Daniyal
1457:
1456:
1371:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
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1137:Maldeo Rathore
1133:
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978:
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938:
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920:
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913:
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906:
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901:
900:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
875:
874:
868:
866:
863:
858:Shahryar Mirza
845:Shahryar Mirza
823:
820:
802:Prince Khusrau
797:
794:
753:
750:
689:
686:
684:
681:
615:Shahryar Mirza
609:nobles of the
605:and the rebel
578:Mughal emperor
532:
531:
524:
518:
517:
505:
501:
500:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:
478:Mughal dynasty
475:
469:
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466:House of Babur
463:
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431:
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412:
408:
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367:
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360:Jahanara Begum
357:
352:
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344:
330:
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326:
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306:
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292:
288:
283:
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271:
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244:
242:
238:
237:
212:Muthamman Burj
209:(aged 74)
203:
199:
198:
175:5 January 1592
164:
160:
159:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
131:
127:
126:
123:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
102:
101:
88:
80:
79:
53:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7293:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7160:Rajput states
7158:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
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7092:
7090:
7087:
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7082:
7080:
7077:
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7070:
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7059:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7028:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6509:Carnatic wars
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6299:Shah Jahan IV
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6274:Muhammad Shah
6272:
6270:
6269:Shah Jahan II
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6254:Jahandar Shah
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6193:Mughal Empire
6190:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6150:
6141:
6140:
6133:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6110:
6105:
6104:
6095:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6049:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5960:
5959:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5881:
5880:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5858:
5857:
5849:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5830:
5822:
5816:
5808:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5786:
5782:
5775:
5767:
5761:
5757:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5700:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5668:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5628:
5613:
5609:
5603:
5588:
5584:
5578:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5552:
5545:
5539:, p. 169
5538:
5533:
5517:
5513:
5506:
5500:, p. 158
5499:
5498:Richards 1993
5494:
5486:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5467:
5459:
5453:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5422:public domain
5412:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5392:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5369:
5354:. 5 July 2024
5353:
5349:
5343:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5317:
5313:
5306:
5298:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5279:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5224:
5222:
5213:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5190:
5183:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5088:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5056:
5052:
5045:
5037:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5001:
4999:9781138789357
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4968:
4960:
4959:
4955:(1867â1877).
4954:
4953:Elliot, H. M.
4948:
4940:
4934:
4926:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4906:
4900:, p. 157
4899:
4894:
4888:, p. 117
4887:
4886:Richards 1993
4882:
4874:
4873:
4865:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4832:984-32-0576-6
4828:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4784:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4765:
4763:
4754:
4752:9780195127188
4748:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4700:
4698:9780195127188
4694:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4646:
4644:9780195127188
4640:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4617:
4615:9780195127188
4611:
4607:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4586:9780195127188
4582:
4578:
4574:
4567:
4559:
4557:9780195127188
4553:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4526:
4518:
4516:9780195127188
4512:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4484:"Begum Saheb"
4478:
4464:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4423:
4422:"Begum Saheb"
4416:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4383:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4254:(1): 96â141.
4253:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4230:
4224:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4193:, p. 177
4192:
4187:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4141:, p. 379
4140:
4135:
4133:
4126:, p. 300
4125:
4120:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4096:
4088:
4086:9780195127188
4082:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4059:
4057:9780195127188
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4028:9780195127188
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3997:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3862:
3854:
3852:0-19-512718-8
3848:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3826:, p. 299
3825:
3820:
3812:
3810:0-19-512718-8
3806:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3784:, p. 125
3783:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3741:Richards 1993
3737:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3698:. p. 88.
3697:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3453:Shah Jahan II
3451:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3433:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3397:Gauhara Begum
3394:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:Husnara Begum
3372:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:3 March 1707
3195:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:Padshah Begum
3144:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:heir-apparent
3097:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:Padshah Begum
3060:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:Padshah Begum
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2942:
2934:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892: â
2891:
2887:
2886:Find sources:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2864:This section
2862:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2715:
2712:(combining a
2711:
2710:Mughal Empire
2707:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:North Gujarat
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:Ottoman court
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:Asiatic lions
2154:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:Marwari horse
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1973:Daniyal Mirza
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:Shihab ud-Din
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1830:Mughal Empire
1822:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:imperial seal
1570:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:Shah Ismail I
1523:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1468:
1464:
1453:
1450:
1442:
1439:February 2024
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400: â
1399:
1395:
1394:Find sources:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1372:This section
1370:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1307:15. Indravati
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
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837:
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829:
828:Khusrau Mirza
819:
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529:
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522:Imperial Seal
519:
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309:
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286:
268:
263:
262:
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256:
251:
250:Uttar Pradesh
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Uttar Pradesh
228:(present-day
225:
221:
217:
213:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:(present-day
187:
186:Mughal Empire
183:
179:
165:
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147:
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135:
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68:
64:
59:
54:
49:
46:
42:
35:
30:
19:
7148:
7056:
7052:Shahi Bridge
6976:Akbar's Tomb
6938:Chawk Mosque
6910:Sheesh Mahal
6895:Lalbagh Fort
6870:Architecture
6856:Hector Munro
6831:Josiah Child
6781:Ibrahim Lodi
6774:Pratapaditya
6759:Khwaja Usman
6557:Bhuchar Mori
6373:
6294:Shah Alam II
6259:Farrukhsiyar
6233:
6137:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6037:
6014:
6001:
5981:
5957:
5932:
5911:
5884:
5877:Bibliography
5864:
5862:
5860:
5855:
5848:
5840:
5835:
5829:
5805:
5799:
5780:
5774:
5755:
5732:
5717:
5707:
5688:
5656:
5653:Habib, Irfan
5639:
5627:
5615:. Retrieved
5611:
5602:
5592:21 September
5590:. Retrieved
5586:
5577:
5550:
5544:
5532:
5520:. Retrieved
5515:
5510:ASI, India.
5505:
5493:
5473:
5466:
5440:. Retrieved
5429:
5409:
5399:
5375:
5368:
5356:. Retrieved
5351:
5342:
5333:
5324:
5315:
5312:"Shah Jahan"
5305:
5285:
5278:
5258:
5254:Ikram, S. M.
5248:
5230:
5211:
5201:
5189:
5177:
5160:
5154:
5146:
5108:
5104:
5095:
5077:Indian Islam
5076:
5070:
5058:. Retrieved
5054:
5044:
5017:
5008:
4985:
4979:
4967:
4957:
4947:
4912:
4905:
4893:
4881:
4871:
4864:
4854:22 September
4852:. Retrieved
4816:
4798:
4788:24 September
4786:. Retrieved
4771:
4738:
4732:
4713:
4707:
4684:
4678:
4659:
4653:
4630:
4624:
4601:
4595:
4572:
4566:
4543:
4537:
4525:
4502:
4496:
4487:
4477:
4466:, retrieved
4444:
4434:
4425:
4415:
4406:
4396:
4385:, retrieved
4371:
4361:
4350:, retrieved
4336:
4298:
4294:
4284:
4251:
4247:
4237:
4228:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4207:
4198:
4186:
4174:. Retrieved
4160:
4156:
4146:
4119:
4114:, p. 66
4107:
4095:
4072:
4066:
4043:
4037:
4014:
4008:
4003:, p. 56
3996:
3977:
3971:
3966:, p. 49
3959:
3947:
3937:
3930:
3920:
3913:
3904:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3871:
3868:Amal I Salih
3867:
3861:
3841:
3831:
3819:
3799:
3789:
3765:
3762:"Shah Jahan"
3756:
3744:
3736:
3711:
3704:
3694:
3687:
3677:
3670:
3651:
3641:
3633:
3619:
3610:
3602:
3588:
3578:
3559:
3550:
3533:
3527:
3499:
3492:
3475:
3467:
3442:
3438:
3427:Inscriptions
3403:Mumtaz Mahal
3395:
3379:Mumtaz Mahal
3373:
3365:13 May 1629
3363:8 May 1628 â
3357:Mumtaz Mahal
3351:
3343:13 May 1628
3335:Mumtaz Mahal
3329:
3308:Mumtaz Mahal
3302:Murad Bakhsh
3300:
3286:Mumtaz Mahal
3280:
3260:Mumtaz Mahal
3254:
3238:Mumtaz Mahal
3232:
3225:Izz-un-Nissa
3212:Izz-un-Nissa
3206:
3185:Mumtaz Mahal
3179:
3173:
3152:Mumtaz Mahal
3146:
3140:
3119:Mumtaz Mahal
3111:
3082:Mumtaz Mahal
3076:
3070:
3045:Mumtaz Mahal
3039:
3033:
3022:Mumtaz Mahal
3017:5 June 1616
3009:Mumtaz Mahal
3001:
2973:
2937:
2931:January 2021
2928:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:"Shah Jahan"
2885:
2873:Please help
2868:verification
2865:
2824:Spoken style
2794:
2729:
2620:The elegant
2580:
2576:Takht e Taus
2527:
2523:
2516:
2508:Mumtaz Mahal
2497:
2472:
2465:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2433:house arrest
2414:
2393:Murad Bakhsh
2389:Shaista Khan
2333:
2321:
2289:
2274:and finally
2249:
2237:
2220:Murad Bakhsh
2209:
2171:
2123:
2103:
2093:
2090:
2070:
2063:
2059:Jaigarh Fort
2048:
2037:
2022:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1894:Bengal Subah
1863:
1847:
1827:
1816:Rebel prince
1810:Jahangirnama
1807:
1798:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1757:vassal state
1753:Amar Singh I
1746:
1727:
1710:
1692:
1673:
1665:
1638:
1623:
1592:
1588:Mumtaz Mahal
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:Asaf Khan IV
1514:
1463:Mumtaz Mahal
1460:
1445:
1436:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:"Shah Jahan"
1393:
1381:Please help
1376:verification
1373:
1218:Jagat Gosain
1163:Udai Singh I
1099:Shah Jahan I
1098:
825:
817:
813:
806:
799:
755:
745:Mumtaz Mahal
734:
730:
723:
698:Jagat Gosain
691:
655:
635:Mumtaz Mahal
582:
569:
541:Shah Jahan I
540:
536:
535:
498:Jagat Gosain
385:Murad Bakhsh
338:
285:Mumtaz Mahal
207:(1666-01-22)
182:Lahore Subah
141:
89:Portrait by
56:
51:Shah Jahan I
45:
29:
18:Shah Jahan I
7236:1666 deaths
7231:1592 births
7170:Sikh Empire
7149:interrupted
6890:Lahore Fort
6841:Henry Every
6806:Malik Ambar
6749:Baro-Bhuyan
6742:Adversaries
6728:Ranthambore
6683:Chittorgarh
6504:Child's war
6330:family tree
6098:Shah Jahan
5512:"Taj Mahal"
5111:(1): 5â38.
4972:Findly 1993
4898:Nicoll 2009
4530:Prasad 1930
4468:12 February
4387:12 February
4352:12 February
4301:: 245â250.
4191:Nicoll 2009
4176:21 December
4112:Nicoll 2009
4100:Prasad 1930
4001:Nicoll 2009
3964:Nicoll 2009
3952:Prasad 1930
3782:Findly 1993
3352:Daulat Afza
3281:Unnamed son
3233:Izad Bakhsh
3220:March 1621
3207:Jahan Afroz
3072:Dara Shikoh
2656:Mughal Army
2626:Lahore Fort
2552:Lahore Fort
2544:Moti Masjid
2536:Jama Masjid
2425:Murad Baksh
2417:Dara Shikoh
2409:Dara Shikoh
2296:battleships
2292:Port Hoogly
2190:Khyber Pass
2168:, from 1630
2071:Badshahnama
1991:, from the
1684:Aurangzeb's
1682:. He cites
1615:Tapti River
1541:Dara Shikoh
658:Dara Shikoh
508:Sunni Islam
417:Regnal name
389:Jahan Afroz
365:Dara Shikoh
130:Predecessor
98: 1630
7215:Categories
7200:Rohilkhand
7145:Sur Empire
6851:Nader Shah
6786:Rana Sanga
6698:Daulatabad
6582:Haldighati
6514:Bengal war
6352:Government
6284:Alamgir II
6234:Shah Jahan
6143:1627â1658
6089:Shah Jahan
5952:Koch, Ebba
5865:Shah Jahan
5728:0195127188
5569:1008395679
5537:Asher 2003
5522:8 December
5516:asi.nic.in
5442:16 October
5212:PeepulTree
5035:9264022619
4139:Eraly 2000
4124:Eraly 2000
3905:Shah Jahan
3824:Eraly 2000
3745:Shah Jahan
3500:Shah Jahan
3480:References
3330:Lutf Allah
3113:Shah Shuja
2901:newspapers
2818:Shahanshah
2796:Shah Jahan
2524:Delhi Fort
2383:temple in
2228:Badakhshan
2140:, and the
2114:Ahmednagar
2025:musketeers
2011:Throne of
1941:Shah Jahan
1839:Jahangir's
1799:Shah Jahan
1674:Historian
1648:Udai Singh
1613:along the
1545:Shah Shuja
1502:Jahangir's
1409:newspapers
854:mint coins
683:Early life
677:Naqshbandi
645:, and the
643:Portuguese
488:Jahangir I
423:Shah Jahan
370:Shah Shuja
224:Agra Subah
171:1592-01-05
134:Jahangir I
121:Coronation
34:Jahan Shah
7221:Taj Mahal
7001:Taj Mahal
6885:Agra Fort
6846:Bajirao I
6769:Musa Khan
6723:Purandhar
6627:Raj Mahal
6602:Najafgarh
6452:Conflicts
6419:Hyderabad
6375:Provinces
6149:Aurangzeb
5815:cite book
5334:asnad.org
5169:182638309
5126:10197/492
5060:18 August
4990:Routledge
4933:cite book
4849:30677644M
4307:2249-1937
4276:233690931
4268:0026-749X
3542:638031657
3469:Shahjehan
3416:Burhanpur
3175:Aurangzeb
3104:Aurangzeb
2835:Alam Pana
2791:Styles of
2674:Lahore's
2641:Agra Fort
2385:Ahmedabad
2377:Aurangzeb
2364:Chunvalia
2356:Nawanagar
2344:Ahmedabad
2324:Faridabad
2318:Ministers
2300:Saptagram
2216:Aurangzeb
2162:Burhanpur
2029:artillery
1995:, c. 1657
1922:Allahabad
1886:Taj Mahal
1866:Bilochpur
1843:Asaf Khan
1835:Nur Jahan
1736:state of
1688:Agra Fort
1676:K. S. Lal
1628:Princess
1619:Taj Mahal
1599:Burhanpur
1584:Taj Mahal
1549:Aurangzeb
1510:Nur Jahan
1506:Asaf Khan
1355:Marriages
840:Nur Jahan
822:Nur Jahan
752:Education
740:Akbarabad
662:Aurangzeb
631:Taj Mahal
619:Agra Fort
380:Aurangzeb
246:Taj Mahal
153:Aurangzeb
149:Successor
138:Shahriyar
7190:Carnatic
7109:Painting
7104:Language
7072:See also
6900:Red Fort
6754:Isa Khan
6718:Kandahar
6703:Golconda
6632:Samugarh
6567:Chanderi
6357:Military
6304:Akbar II
6229:Shahryar
6224:Jahangir
6201:Emperors
6132:Jahangir
6075:Archived
6013:(1993).
5980:(2009).
5954:(2006).
5909:(2000).
5715:(1999).
5713:Jahangir
5655:(eds.).
5617:18 March
5452:cite web
5256:(1964).
5240:20894584
5194:Sen 2013
5182:Sen 2013
5143:54763671
5135:27646746
5016:(2006).
4841:52727562
4315:44158822
4213:18 March
3839:(1999).
3837:Jahangir
3797:(1999).
3795:Jahangir
3650:(2017).
3447:See also
3273:smallpox
3271:Died of
3026:smallpox
2965:Lifespan
2962:Portrait
2714:crescent
2704:Finial,
2607:Red Fort
2592:decibels
2560:Peshawar
2528:Lal Qila
2520:Red Fort
2512:Kohinoor
2312:punished
2244:Murad IV
2178:Safavids
2174:Kandahar
2017:Red Fort
1902:Midnapur
1859:Persians
1855:Kandahar
1795:Jahangir
1707:Venetian
982:Jahangir
865:Ancestry
694:Jahangir
629:and the
623:Red Fort
585:Jahangir
504:Religion
248:, Agra,
216:Red Fort
195:Pakistan
142:de facto
63:Padishah
60:-e-Qiran
7124:Weapons
7099:Gardens
7094:Fashion
7089:Culture
7084:Cuisine
6920:Mosques
6816:Shivaji
6733:Sambhal
6708:Hooghly
6678:Bijapur
6652:Tukaroi
6637:Sirhind
6622:Plassey
6539:Battles
6409:Gujarat
6337:Economy
6325:Dynasty
6214:Humayun
5055:Fortune
4914:30,777)
4163:: 4â7.
3873:Manzil.
3749:121â122
2915:scholar
2708:of the
2624:at the
2568:Hastsal
2375:prince
2369:Kheralu
2360:Sidhpur
2348:Kankrej
2340:Gujarat
2304:Jesuits
2280:Ibrahim
2264:Mughals
2260:Kaftans
2256:saddles
2252:Baghdad
2075:Benares
2055:cannons
2019:, Delhi
1969:Hoshang
1906:Burdwan
1870:Udaipur
1789:in the
1751:, Rana
1744:reign.
1742:Akbar's
1680:mullahs
1656:Jodhpur
1641:Rathore
1626:Persian
1518:Persian
1486:Persian
1473:
1467:Persian
1423:scholar
1254:Askaran
1018:Bharmal
924:Akbar I
898:Humayun
850:Khutbah
715:
702:Persian
599:Rajputs
596:Sisodia
557:
473:Dynasty
440:
321:
313:
301:
293:
289:
280:
272:
252:, India
166:Khurram
91:Bichitr
7030:Others
6811:Gokula
6671:Sieges
6662:Bhulua
6597:Khanwa
6592:Khajwa
6587:Karnal
6577:Ghagra
6572:Chausa
6434:Multan
6424:Lahore
6399:Bengal
6114:
6044:
6025:
5988:
5966:
5940:
5919:
5895:
5787:
5762:
5725:
5695:
5663:
5567:
5557:
5481:
5387:
5358:5 July
5293:
5266:
5238:
5167:
5141:
5133:
5083:
5032:
4996:
4921:
4847:
4839:
4829:
4779:
4749:
4720:
4695:
4689:228-29
4666:
4641:
4612:
4583:
4554:
4513:
4459:
4378:
4343:
4313:
4305:
4274:
4266:
4083:
4054:
4025:
3984:
3849:
3807:
3747:, pp.
3724:
3658:
3626:
3595:
3566:
3540:
3515:
2968:Notes
2959:Mother
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2562:, the
2554:, the
2546:, the
2542:, the
2538:, the
2444:Kal'ma
2373:Mughal
2308:Bandel
2272:Thatta
2194:Ghazna
2094:langar
2033:Sowars
2027:, and
1989:Durbar
1898:Deccan
1803:Durbar
1791:Deccan
1734:Rajput
1730:Mughal
1699:French
1644:Rajput
1603:Deccan
1530:Persia
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1396:
832:sarkar
762:poetry
735:Hazrat
611:Deccan
572:, was
513:Hanafi
494:Mother
484:Father
241:Burial
191:Punjab
178:Lahore
7281:Delhi
7119:Tribe
6713:Jinji
6693:Daman
6688:Delhi
6657:Bakla
6562:Buxar
6429:Malwa
6414:Delhi
6404:Berar
6394:Awadh
6389:Ajmer
6219:Akbar
6209:Babur
6116:Died:
6109:Born:
5649:(PDF)
5139:S2CID
5131:JSTOR
4807:. In
4311:JSTOR
4272:S2CID
3485:Notes
3411:1706
3387:1630
3292:1622
2989:1675
2922:JSTOR
2908:books
2842:Issue
2756:Patna
2726:Coins
2718:Allah
2706:Tamga
2453:Quran
2421:Shuja
2336:Kolis
2276:Surat
2268:Basra
2224:Balkh
2044:Balkh
1979:Reign
1961:Dawar
1918:Patna
1914:Dhaka
1873:Mewar
1787:Lodis
1738:Mewar
1605:of a
1569:diwan
1565:shura
1494:Akbar
1430:JSTOR
1416:books
790:Akbar
774:Hindi
770:Turki
766:music
719:Akbar
673:Akbar
603:Mewar
461:House
406:Names
334:Issue
315:(
311:
295:(
291:
274:(
270:
258:Wives
234:India
112:Reign
67:Ghazi
58:Sahib
7256:Agra
7165:Jats
7058:more
6796:Hemu
6547:Agra
6439:Sira
6384:Agra
6342:Flag
6042:ISBN
6023:ISBN
5986:ISBN
5964:ISBN
5938:ISBN
5917:ISBN
5893:ISBN
5821:link
5785:ISBN
5760:ISBN
5723:ISBN
5693:ISBN
5661:ISBN
5619:2024
5594:2018
5565:OCLC
5555:ISBN
5524:2018
5479:ISBN
5458:link
5444:2022
5385:ISBN
5360:2024
5291:ISBN
5264:ISBN
5236:OCLC
5165:OCLC
5081:ISBN
5062:2016
5030:ISBN
4994:ISBN
4939:link
4919:ISBN
4856:2024
4837:OCLC
4827:ISBN
4790:2020
4777:ISBN
4747:ISBN
4718:ISBN
4693:ISBN
4664:ISBN
4639:ISBN
4610:ISBN
4581:ISBN
4552:ISBN
4511:ISBN
4470:2024
4457:ISBN
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