65:
558:—who advised the Government of India on the tsunami warning system—has said that the planned route may result in increased impact from tsunami waves. He wrote, "During the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004, the southern part of Kerala was generally spared from a major tsunami, mainly because the tsunami waves from Sumatra region travelling south of the Sri Lankan island, partially diffracted northward and affected the central part of the Kerala coast. Since the tsunami is a long gravity wave (similar to tides and storm surges) during the diffraction process, the rather wide turn it has to take spared the south Kerala coast. On the other hand, deepening the Sethu Canal might provide a more direct route for the tsunami and this could impact south Kerala."
27:
263:
214:
charged with examining the desirability of the project. After evaluating the costs and benefits, this committee found the project feasible and viable. However it strongly recommended an overland passage instead of a channel cutting through Rama's Bridge. A land passage would have several advantages, such as avoiding shifting sandbanks and navigational hazards. Several reviews of the proposals followed until the
254:, claiming that China will gain too strong of a diplomatic and economic foothold in Sri Lanka if the Indian government does not continue development in the region. In March 2021 the closure of the project was announced. On 12 January 2023, the Tamilnadu Government unanimously passed a resolution demanding that the project be revived.
551:, important for nuclear fuel requirements, would also be affected. Opponents also say that the dumping of dredged material from the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar in deeper waters would "endanger those areas, which are rich reserves containing 400 endangered species, including whales, sea turtles, dugongs and dolphins".
234:
decided to go ahead with the project in its current form. In 2014, the Modi government decided that the project would be implemented by deepening the Pamban pass which would save the Rama Setu from destruction. As of
December 2020, the project remains unfinished. In July 2020, parliamentary leader
233:
as the head of a six-member committee to look at an alternative alignment avoiding the sensitive Rama Sethu stretch. In 2013, the committee released its report calling the project "unviable both from the economic as well as ecological angles". The Indian government rejected the committee's report and
487:
on every voyage because the savings in time for these ships are considerably lower than what is calculated in the DPR. This loss is significant because 65% of the canal's projected users are from Africa and Europe. If tariffs are lowered to a point where ships from Africa and Europe will not lose
205:
surveyed the region in late 18th century; he suggested that a "navigable passage could be maintained by dredging of the
Ramisseram ". Little notice was given to his proposal, perhaps because it came from "so young and an unknown officer", and the idea was only revived 60 years later. Efforts were
200:
Because of its shallow waters, Sethusamudram—the sea separating Sri Lanka from India—presents a hindrance to navigation through the Palk Strait. Though trade across the India-Sri Lanka divide has been active since at least the first millennium BCE, it has been limited to small boats and dinghies.
482:
Some naval hydrographers and experts suggest that the project is unlikely to be financially viable or serve ships in any significant way. The time savings for ships sailing from
Kanyakumari or Tuticorin is between 10 and 30 hours. Ships from destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Mauritius and
266:
Opposition parties are demanding the implementation of the
Sethusamudram canal project using one of five alternative alignments considered by the government earlier without damaging Rama's Bridge. The Indian government has constituted nine committees before Independence and five committees after
213:
of the Indian
Marines and has been reviewed many times without a decision being made. It has been part of the election manifestos of all political parties during elections. The Government of India appointed the Sethu Samudram Project Committee in 1955—headed by Dr. A. Ramasamy Mudaliar—which was
539:
is in the vicinity of the proposed project. Opposition to the canal's planned route has come from local fishermen who are demanding alternative channels, which are available. They say the planned route would destroy marine life and corals and would impact the trade in conch shells that is worth
64:
1020:
1214:
1024:
513:(US$ 290 million), lapsed. To secure more money, Sethusamudram Corp. Ltd would have to draw up new reports, sit with parliamentary committees and receive fresh approval. The project cost which originally were
789:
In these circumstances we have no doubt, whatever that the junction between the two sea should be effected by a Canal; and the idea of cutting a passage in the sea through Ram's Bridge should be abandoned.
192:
The proposed route through the shoals of Ram Setu is opposed by some groups on religious, environmental and economical grounds. Five alternative routes were considered that avoid damage to the shoals.
491:
The canal is designed for ships of 30,000 metric tonnes and lighter. Most new ships weighing more than 60,000 tonnes and tankers weighing above 150,000 tonnes cannot use this canal.
861:
1222:
1184:
772:
1311:
1021:"Latest news on India, World, Sports, Bollywood from Hindustan Times, India's most trusted news brand | Ram Setu project faces cash crunch- Hindustan Times"
488:
money from using the canal, the IRR of the project falls to 2.6%. This is a level at which even public infrastructure projects are rejected by the government.
535:
The project would disturb the ecological balance and destroy corals and kill marine life. The area is an important fishing ground for Tamil Nadu and the
166:. This would provide a continuously navigable sea route around the Indian Peninsula. The channel would be dredged in the Sethusamudram sea between
201:
Larger oceangoing vessels coming from the West have had to navigate around Sri Lanka to reach India' eastern coast. Eminent
British geographer
801:
605:
880:
1131:
959:
834:
499:
Axis Bank Ltd. was appointed "loan arranger" for the project in 2005.Since its inception in 2004, costs have risen to at least
1046:
483:
Europe, would save an average of 8 hours using the canal. At the present tariff rates, ships from Africa and Europe will lose
206:
made in 1838 to dredge the canal, but the passage did not remain navigable for any vessels except those with a shallow draft.
1286:
615:
776:
1204:
948:"Most of the earlier alignments suggested were land based channel"- Retrieved from Government Website on Setusamudram Canal
130:
Shri A. Subbiah, IAS chairman, Tuticorin Port Trust & Chairman and managing director, Sethusamudram
Corporation Limited
177:
The project involves digging a 44.9-nautical-mile (51.7 mi; 83.2 km) long deepwater channel linking the shallow
536:
506:(US$ 480 million), interest rates have risen and old loan terms have lapsed. The loan sanctions, valid only up to
773:"Use land based channel and do not cut through Ram bridge:Sethu samudram project committee report to Union Government"
1291:
931:
905:
685:
1158:
353:
1281:
566:
215:
1306:
1271:
749:
457:
Alignment approval subject to
Environmental Report: Supreme Court of India, Project delayed sine die
1276:
1266:
862:"Citing Indo-China conflict, DMK MP TR Baalu urges PM Modi to restore the 'Sethusamudram' project"
1296:
569:
on the feasibility of a route through
Dhanuskodi instead of Rama's Bridge had been carried out.
1105:
811:
577:
Opposition to the project came from some Hindu groups that want to preserve the remains of the
562:
701:
Rodd, Rennell (April 1930). "Major James
Rennell. Born 3 December 1742. Died 20 March 1830".
637:
347:
906:"Most of the earlier committees have suggested land based passages across Rameswaram Island"
1301:
1261:
710:
242:
urging him to finish the project before 2024. In the letter, Baalu cited tensions between
230:
210:
186:
8:
78:
714:
40:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1077:
970:
726:
681:
674:
611:
268:
718:
578:
1209:
995:
158:) is a proposed project to create a shipping route in the shallow straits between
744:
226:
219:
182:
69:
Minister Nitin Gadkari inspecting the Sethusamudram project site by Hovercraft
1255:
1237:
1224:
1188:
650:
239:
202:
935:
909:
421:
Revalidated Lakshminaryan committee report. New alignment not suggested.
267:
independence, most of which have suggested a land-based alignment across
262:
235:
178:
1082:
835:"Centre junks Pachauri report, will go ahead with Setusamudram project"
730:
171:
167:
150:
117:
806:
555:
463:
444:
251:
163:
722:
582:
548:
317:
One mile east of Parliamentary proposal across Rameswaram Island
104:
271:. None of them have suggested an alignment across Rama's Bridge.
802:"Pachauri to head six-member experts committee - Today's Paper"
328:
Almost same place as Parliamentary proposal across Rameswaram
1215:
Manitham's Interim Report on Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project
257:
247:
243:
159:
610:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 298–299.
1159:"India's Sethu Canal Project :Que Sera Sera for Sri Lanka"
638:
http://www.ivarta.com/columns/images/image_OL_070508_3.jpg
607:
Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects
222:
announced the inauguration of the project on 2 July 2005.
1132:"Sethu order not for a year, SC to wait for panel report"
527:(US$ 540 million), a shipping ministry source said.
189:, it received approval of the Indian government in 2005.
709:(4). The Geographical Journal, Vol. 75, No. 4: 289–299.
410:
Across Dhanuskodi Island 1 km west of Ramar Temple
170:
and Sri Lanka, passing through the limestone shoals of
1185:"Sethusamudram ship channel project set to be beached"
640:
5 Alternative alignments without damaging Ramar bridge
996:"'The Sethu Samudram does not make nautical sense'"
676:
Asia's Maritime Bead Trade: 300 B.C. to the Present
673:
306:Two miles east of Pamban across Rameswaram Island
1253:
1047:"Sethusamudram project cost rises by Rs 4500 cr"
1097:
1071:
1069:
1067:
826:
209:The project was conceived in 1860 by Commander
1312:Proposed transport infrastructure in Sri Lanka
1013:
881:"SPV for Sethusamudram project to be wound up"
218:Government of India headed by Prime Minister
1064:
1210:Geo-Strategic Implications of Sethusamudram
960:"Sethusamudram Canal: An Expensive Voyage?"
671:
520:(US$ 3.0 billion) will grow by almost
140:
1150:
547:(US$ 18 million) a year. Deposits of
432:Across Pamban island East of Ramar Temple
258:Alignments suggested by earlier committees
63:
1182:
1078:"Why the Ram Setu must not be destroyed"
1039:
951:
261:
878:
599:
597:
530:
1254:
1156:
1103:
988:
694:
665:
565:decided to delay the project until an
418:Pallavan transport consultancy report
58:Sethusamudram Shipping Channel Project
1075:
832:
643:
603:
1106:"India's Suez canal opens up divide"
1023:. hindustantimes.com. Archived from
969:. pp. 2993–2996. Archived from
957:
859:
794:
700:
594:
137:Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
20:
932:"History of Sethusamudram Channel?"
833:Singh, Gyanant (23 February 2013).
775:. 30 September 2007. Archived from
651:"Image: lankan.jpg, (400 Ă— 354 px)"
604:Brunn, Stanley D. (19 March 2011).
537:Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
494:
13:
1157:Mendis, Willie (18 January 2008).
14:
1323:
1205:Sethusamudram Corporation Limited
1198:
908:. 16 October 2007. Archived from
737:
303:Parliamentary committee proposal
16:Canal between India and Sri Lanka
879:Bhaskar, Utpal (16 March 2021).
440:Current alignment most favoured
407:Lakshminarayan committee report
385:Sethusamudram project committee
25:
1176:
1124:
1104:Ramesh, Randeep (2 July 2005).
924:
898:
872:
853:
1076:Vijay, Tarun (25 April 2007).
810:. 31 July 2008. Archived from
765:
680:. University of Hawaii Press.
631:
1:
1183:Manoj, P (28 December 2020).
1112:. Guardian News and Media Ltd
967:Economic and Political Weekly
860:Nair, Shilpa (10 July 2020).
588:
567:Environmental impact analysis
1287:Water transport in Sri Lanka
958:John, Jacob (21 July 2007).
841:. Living Media India Limited
429:Tuticorin port trust report
388:Mainland at Mandapam island
153:Ocean Shipping Canal Project
7:
672:Francis Jr., Peter (2002).
572:
477:
216:United Progressive Alliance
10:
1328:
1138:. New Delhi. 22 April 2010
653:. nation.lk. 21 April 2007
396:Nagendra committee report
363:Railway engineer proposal
314:William Dennison proposal
284:Suggested alignment route
195:
554:Tsunami expert Professor
472:
462:Mid ocean Passage across
443:Mid ocean passage across
399:Across Rameswaram Island
377:Across Rameswaram Island
366:Across Rameswaram Island
124:
111:
100:
92:
84:
74:
62:
34:This article needs to be
1292:Transport in Thoothukudi
703:The Geographical Journal
354:Across Rameswaram Island
225:In 2008, Prime Minister
1051:Daily News and Analysis
750:Encyclopædia Britannica
374:Robert Bristo proposal
185:. Conceived in 1860 by
581:from the ancient epic
563:Supreme Court of India
561:On 21 April 2010, the
272:
238:presented a letter to
339:One mile from Pamban
265:
1282:International canals
1238:9.09389°N 79.54667°E
531:Environmental impact
325:Stoddart's Proposal
231:Rajendra K. Pachauri
187:Alfred Dundas Taylor
1234: /
715:1930GeogJ..75..289R
336:Robertson proposal
295:Deepen Pampan pass
292:Townshend proposal
240:Prime Minister Modi
203:Major James Rennell
107:, Tamil Nadu, India
79:Government of India
59:
1163:Sri Lanka Guardian
938:on 14 October 2007
912:on 14 October 2007
779:on 13 October 2007
273:
250:over influence in
57:
1307:Macro-engineering
1272:Politics of India
1243:9.09389; 79.54667
976:on 28 August 2008
617:978-90-481-9920-4
470:
469:
269:Rameswaram Island
134:
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55:
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992:
986:
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983:
981:
975:
964:
955:
949:
947:
945:
943:
934:. Archived from
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814:on 5 August 2008
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628:
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601:
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505:
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495:Costs of project
486:
275:
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67:
60:
56:
50:
47:
41:
29:
28:
21:
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1277:Proposed canals
1267:Canals in India
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782:
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766:
756:
754:
745:"Adam's bridge"
743:
742:
738:
723:10.2307/1784813
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260:
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155:
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127:
114:
70:
51:
45:
42:
39:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Gulf of Mannar
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1199:External links
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1027:on 5 June 2011
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227:Manmohan Singh
220:Manmohan Singh
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183:Gulf of Mannar
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687:0-8248-2332-X
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579:Rama’s Bridge
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88:Canal Project
87:
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32:
23:
22:
19:
1219:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
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1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1135:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:The Guardian
1109:
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1081:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1025:the original
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
990:
978:. Retrieved
971:the original
966:
953:
940:. Retrieved
936:the original
926:
914:. Retrieved
910:the original
900:
888:. Retrieved
884:
874:
865:
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843:. Retrieved
838:
828:
816:. Retrieved
812:the original
805:
796:
788:
781:. Retrieved
777:the original
767:
757:14 September
755:. Retrieved
748:
739:
706:
702:
696:
675:
667:
655:. Retrieved
645:
633:
621:. Retrieved
606:
576:
560:
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534:
518:24,700 crore
498:
490:
481:
461:
456:
451:
281:Report Name
224:
211:A. D. Taylor
208:
199:
191:
176:
136:
135:
101:Headquarters
75:Company type
43:
35:
18:
1302:Palk Strait
1262:Ship canals
1241: /
1056:2 September
1031:2 September
1005:2 September
818:2 September
657:2 September
525:4,500 crore
511:2,400 crore
504:4,000 crore
236:T. R. Baalu
179:Palk Strait
113:Area served
1256:Categories
1229:79°32′48″E
1168:16 October
1116:16 October
1089:10 October
1083:Rediff.com
1000:rediff.com
942:16 October
916:16 October
845:10 October
783:15 October
589:References
229:appointed
172:Rama Sethu
168:Tamil Nadu
126:Key people
118:Tamil Nadu
1226:9°05′38″N
1142:2 October
980:9 October
866:Times Now
807:The Hindu
556:Tad Murty
545:150 crore
485:US$ 4,992
464:Rama Setu
445:Rama Setu
350:proposal
252:Sri Lanka
181:with the
164:Sri Lanka
46:July 2015
868:. India.
583:Ramayana
573:Religion
478:Economic
85:Industry
731:1784813
711:Bibcode
549:thorium
540:almost
196:History
144:
120:, India
105:Chennai
93:Founded
36:updated
890:23 May
753:. 2007
729:
684:
623:23 May
614:
473:Issues
974:(PDF)
963:(PDF)
727:JSTOR
437:2005
426:1996
415:1996
404:1981
393:1967
382:1956
371:1922
360:1903
344:1884
333:1872
322:1871
311:1863
300:1862
289:1861
278:Year
248:China
244:India
160:India
1170:2013
1144:2010
1118:2013
1091:2013
1058:2015
1033:2015
1007:2015
982:2013
944:2007
918:2007
892:2022
885:mint
847:2013
820:2015
785:2007
759:2007
682:ISBN
659:2015
625:2022
612:ISBN
452:2010
246:and
162:and
151:Setu
141:lit.
96:2005
719:doi
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