748:
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634:(InSAR) images. The analysis of phase changes between two or more synthetic aperture radar images taken at different times is able to create maps of the digital elevation and measure the land surface deformation of an area. High spatial (20m) and temporal (6 days) resolutions allow Sentinel-1 to improve on current InSAR techniques and provide systematic continuity to the data.
519:, featuring 20-by-40-metre (66 by 131 ft) spatial resolution and a 400 km (250 mi) swath. EW is used mainly to monitor wide coastal areas for phenomena such as shipping traffic and potential environmental hazards like oil spills or changes in sea ice. Data products are available in single (HH or VV) or double (HH + HV or VV + VH) polarization.
329:, which shared the same orbital plane. Two more satellites, Sentinel-1C and Sentinel-1D are in development. Sentinel-1B was retired following a power supply issue on December 23, 2021, leaving Sentinel-1A the only satellite of the constellation currently operating. Sentinel-1C is currently planned to launch in the final quarter of 2024.
503:, which features 5-by-5-metre (16 by 16 ft) spatial resolution and an 80 km (50 mi) swath. The sole uses of SM are to monitor small islands as well as emergency management for extraordinary events upon request. Data products are offered in single (HH or VV) or double (HH + HV or VV + VH) polarization.
525:, which features 5-by-5-metre (16 by 16 ft) resolution and a low data rate. It produces 20 by 20 km (12 by 12 mi) sample images along the orbit at intervals of 100 km (62 mi). This is the main operational mode over open ocean, with data offered only in single (HH or VV) polarization.
678:
Italy, with whole system integration and also with production of platform
Spacecraft Management Unit (SMU) and payload Data Storage and Handling Assembly (DSHA). Sentinel-1A was constructed in Rome, Italy. Other technologies such as the T/R modules, the C-band synthetic-aperture radar antenna, the
583:
There are a wide range of applications for the data collected via the
Sentinel-1 mission. A few of these uses include marine and land monitoring, emergency response due to environmental disasters, and economic applications. A major goal of the mission was to provide C-Band SAR data. Sentinel-1
444:
The single C-SAR instrument with its electronics provides 1 dB radiometric accuracy with a central frequency at 5.405 GHz. This instrument has a spatial resolution down to 5 m (16 ft) and a swath of up to 410 km (250 mi). The data collected in C-SAR was made to be
360:, near-polar (98.18° inclination) orbit. Their orbits have a 12-day repeat cycle and complete 175 orbits per cycle (having a 98.6 minute orbital period). The satellites operate at 693 km (431 mi) altitude, with 3-axis altitude stabilization.
726:– development contract signed with Thales Alenia Space of Italy in December 2015; the launch was scheduled for April 2023 but was delayed due to a launch failure of Vega-C in December 2022. As of January 2024 the launch was scheduled for late 2024.
747:
790:
456:), receiving data streams from SAR-SES over two independent links gathering SAR_H and SAR_V polarization, with a variable data rate up to 640 Mbit/s on each link, and providing 520 Mbit/s
596:
to help achieve a more accurate measure of soil moisture estimates. Observations from both instruments show to be complementary of each other as they combine data of soil moisture contents.
763:
3334:
367:
and
European Commission's policies makes Sentinel-1's data easily accessible. Various users can acquire the data and use it for public, scientific, or commercial purposes for free.
353:
rocket. Sentinel-1C and 1D are in development. An equipment failure on
Sentinel-1B in December 2021 accelerated work on Sentinel-1C, originally planned to launch in December 2023.
778:
2111:
2862:
1574:
695:
488:
Sentinel-1 has four operational modes and four types of data products available. All data levels are publicly available for free online within 24 hours of observation.
2212:
2709:
809:
679:
advanced data management and transmission subsystems, and the on-board computer, were developed in L'Aquila and Milan. The C-SAR instrument is the responsibility of
2887:
509:, featuring 5-by-20-metre (16 by 66 ft) spatial resolution and a 250 km (160 mi) swath. IW is the main operational mode over land and accomplishes
2254:
950:
592:
missions, with further enhancements in terms of revisit, coverage, timeliness and reliability of service. Recently, Sentinel-1 has worked in conjunction with
650:, or InSAR, image of the affected region. The Sentinel-1 satellites are expected to make analysis of earthquakes using InSAR techniques quicker and simpler.
2994:
1961:
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2202:
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732:– development contract signed with Thales Alenia Space of Italy in December 2015. As of November 2022 launch scheduled for the second half of 2024
2635:
2008:
1352:"Sentinel-1 for Monitoring Land Subsidence of Coastal Cities in Africa Using PSInSAR: A Methodology Based on the Integration of SNAP and StaMPS"
2121:
1617:
337:
The first satellite, Sentinel-1A, launched on 3 April 2014, and
Sentinel-1B was launched on 25 April 2016. Both satellites lifted off from the
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1420:
729:
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1263:
Lievens, H.; Reichle, R. H.; Liu, Q.; De Lannoy, G. J. M.; Dunbar, R. S.; Kim, S. B.; Das, N. N.; Cosh, M.; Walker, J. P. (2017-06-27).
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through burst synchronization. Data products are offered in single (HH or VV) or double (HH + HV or VV + VH) polarization.
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720:– launched on 25 April 2016, unavailable due to a power issue since 23 December 2021, mission end declared 3 August 2022
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702:. Final test verification of the satellite was completed at Thales Alenia Space's clean rooms in Rome and Cannes.
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437:(C-SAR) instrument which provides a collection of data in all-weather, day or night, as well as an
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3.9 m Ă— 2.6 m Ă— 2.5 m (13 ft Ă— 8.5 ft Ă— 8.2 ft)
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2017:
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Sea-ice levels and conditions, oil spills, ship activity, and information about marine winds
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Ice movement in Alert, Canada. False colour RGB image of scans from three different months.
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Land and sea monitoring, natural disasters mapping, sea ice observations, ships detection
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The C-SAR instrument is capable of measuring land subsidence through the creation of
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1445:[Take off of the Italian space economy] (in Italian). Airpress. 2015-12-15
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fixed-user data-downlink capability over two independent channels towards ground.
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1265:"Joint Sentinel-1 and SMAP data assimilation to improve soil moisture estimates"
1010:"ESA considering moving up radar satellite launch after Sentinel-1B malfunction"
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1517:"Arianespace supporting the European Union's Copernicus programme with Vega C"
546:, which consists of complex images with phase and amplitude of specified areas
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region, California. False colour RGB image of scans from two different dates.
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321:. The mission was originally composed of a constellation of two satellites,
33:
2423:
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754:
1087:"Sentinel-1: The Radar Mission for GMES Operational Land and Sea Services"
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continuous after the termination of a previous mission (Envisat mission).
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Cian, Fabio; Blasco, José Manuel
Delgado; Carrera, Lorenzo (March 2019).
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1592:: visualize and download data from Sentinel-1 and other ESA satellites.
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1193:"Sentinel-1 - Data Distribution Schedule - Missions - Sentinel Online"
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1142:"User Guides - Sentinel-1 SAR - Extra Wide Swath - Sentinel Online"
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The ground segment prime contractor is
Astrium with subcontractors
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The DSHA has an active data storage capacity of about 1,443
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image displaying the ground deformation after the eruption of
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1492:"Europe considers launching Copernicus satellite on Falcon 9"
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438:
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1042:[Mission over for the Sentinel-1B radar satellite].
534:
The four types of data products offered by
Sentinel-1 are:
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A summary of the main applications of
Sentinel-1 include:
3335:
Earth observation satellites of the
European Space Agency
875:
757:
RGB image of VV-, VH- and VV+VH-polarisation backscatter.
453:
646:, data collected by Sentinel-1A was used to develop an
496:
The four operational modes offered by Sentinel-1 are:
463:
1421:"Sentinel-1A Arrives at Launch Site in French Guiana"
1169:"Sentinel-1 - ESA EO Missions - Earth Online - ESA"
951:"Mission ends for Copernicus Sentinel-1B satellite"
390:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1220:"User Guides - Sentinel-1 SAR - Acquisition Modes"
741:Examples of images produced from Sentinel-1 data.
441:-based Data Storage and Handling Assembly (DSHA).
1349:
1040:"Oppdraget over for radarsatellitten Sentinel-1B"
3321:
2112:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
1163:
1161:
544:Processed Level 1 Single Look Complex (SLC) data
897:
895:
893:
621:Flooding, landslides, volcanoes and earthquakes
2122:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
1465:"Carbon component blamed for Vega rocket loss"
1034:
1032:
430:Sentinel-1 spacecraft are designed to carry a
2002:
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1329:"User Guides - Sentinel-1 SAR - Applications"
1158:
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38:Model of a Sentinel-1 (radar antenna missing)
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2271:European Launcher Development Organisation
2009:
1995:
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1085:Attema, Evert; et al. (August 2007).
1001:
317:satellite constellations conducted by the
32:
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2016:
1410:
1375:
1304:
418:Learn how and when to remove this message
402:, without removing the technical details.
1625:
1331:. Sentinel Online. European Space Agency
1222:. Sentinel Online. European Space Agency
1122:. Sentinel Online. European Space Agency
931:. Sentinel Online. European Space Agency
657:
648:interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
637:
632:interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
566:
550:Ground Range Detected (GRD) Level 1 data
467:
1435:
905:. European Space Agency. Archived from
674:The prime contractor of the mission is
3322:
815:Interferometry reveals a crack in the
2333:
2233:Space Situational Awareness Programme
1990:
1599:
1489:
1393:"Sentinel system pictures Napa quake"
1242:"Sentinel 1 Data Access and Products"
1214:
1212:
1080:
1078:
1076:
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1007:
584:provides continuity of data from the
400:make it understandable to non-experts
3280:
2276:European Space Research Organisation
2092:Space Research and Technology Centre
1390:
662:A map showing ice flow speed on the
507:Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) Mode
491:
374:
3304:
1443:"Decolla la space economy italiana"
1391:Amos, Jonathan (2 September 2014).
1244:. European Space Agency. March 2015
464:Operational modes and data products
13:
1234:
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1071:
14:
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1860:Disaster Monitoring Constellation
1541:
1525:(Press release). 29 November 2022
472:The first data strip acquired by
168:7 years (12 years of consumables)
3303:
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2097:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
1931:Ocean Surface Topography Mission
1771:
1423:. Thales Group. 24 February 2014
1120:"Sentinel-1: Instrument Payload"
808:
789:
777:
762:
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612:Agriculture, forestry, and land
529:
379:
1490:Foust, Jeff (12 January 2024).
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1008:Foust, Jeff (18 January 2022).
562:
3340:Space synthetic aperture radar
3116:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
1566:Sentinel-1 Scientific Data Hub
1048:(in Norwegian). 12 August 2022
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1:
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133:2,170 kg (4,780 lb)
125:2,300 kg (5,100 lb)
1562:at ESA's Observing the Earth
1269:Geophysical Research Letters
753:Thunderstorms over Estonia.
484:is visible on the left side.
149:5.9 kilowatts (5,900 W)
7:
903:"Earth Online – Sentinel 1"
332:
16:Earth observation satellite
10:
3363:
3186:Mars sample return mission
3006:European Data Relay System
2686:Meteosat Second Generation
2599:James Webb Space Telescope
2461:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
2143:European Data Relay System
2117:Concurrent Design Facility
1967:Meteosat Second Generation
1377:10.3390/geosciences9030124
736:
714:– launched on 3 April 2014
644:2014 South Napa earthquake
517:Extra Wide Swath (EW) Mode
18:
3259:
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3015:
2945:
2877:
2809:Meteosat Third Generation
2668:Meteosat First Generation
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2317:Planetary Science Archive
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2102:European Astronaut Centre
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955:The European Space Agency
696:Advanced Computer Systems
642:Shortly after the August
626:Measuring land subsidence
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3345:Earth imaging satellites
1550:at ESA's Sentinel Online
575:land cover derived from
556:Level 2 Ocean (OCN) data
435:synthetic-aperture radar
19:Not to be confused with
2228:Living Planet Programme
2087:Space Operations Centre
2539:Hubble Space Telescope
2107:Space Astronomy Centre
1045:Norwegian Space Agency
869:"Sentinel 1 Datasheet"
671:
580:
485:
356:The satellites have a
2336:Projects and missions
2018:European Space Agency
1581:by the European Union
1572:Sentinel-1 fact sheet
1556:at ESA's Earth Online
843:European Space Agency
661:
638:Earthquake monitoring
570:
471:
365:European Space Agency
319:European Space Agency
79:European Space Agency
3330:Copernicus Programme
2936:European Robotic Arm
2780:Sentinel-5 Precursor
1738:Sentinel-5 Precursor
1627:Copernicus Programme
1590:Copernicus Dataspace
1585:Copernicus Programme
1289:10.1002/2017gl073904
973:University of Twente
482:Svalbard archipelago
315:Copernicus Programme
313:is the first of the
281:Copernicus Programme
3261:Future missions in
2307:European Space Camp
2038:Guiana Space Centre
1368:2019Geosc...9..124C
1281:2017GeoRL..44.6145L
1106:2007ESABu.131...10A
676:Thales Alenia Space
664:Antarctic Peninsula
619:Emergency response:
501:Strip Map (SM) Mode
339:Guiana Space Centre
54:Thales Alenia Space
28:
3111:Ceres Polar Lander
2946:Telecommunications
1577:2018-04-13 at the
672:
604:Marine monitoring:
581:
486:
272:Related spacecraft
59:Astrium Satellites
26:
3317:
3316:
3255:
3254:
2873:
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2655:Earth observation
2485:Comet Interceptor
2476:Rosalind Franklin
2448:Trace Gas Orbiter
2399:Planetary science
2325:
2324:
2238:Science Programme
1984:
1983:
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1275:(12): 6145–6153.
803:volcano in Chile.
492:Operational modes
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3106:Calathus Mission
2930:Georges Lemaître
2888:ISS contribution
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987:"Soyuz overview"
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845:. Archived from
841:. Earth Online.
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817:Larsen Ice Shelf
812:
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610:Land monitoring:
539:Raw Level 0 data
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2912:Johannes Kepler
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1579:Wayback Machine
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989:. Arianespace
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878:. August 2013
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3171:Lunar Lander
3089:and proposed
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2424:Mars Express
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2264:Predecessors
2243:Horizon 2000
1809:COSMO-SkyMed
1781:Contributing
1753:
1651:
1527:. Retrieved
1520:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
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1473:. Retrieved
1468:
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1447:. Retrieved
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1400:. Retrieved
1396:
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1359:
1355:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1323:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1200:. Retrieved
1196:
1187:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1114:
1097:
1093:
1062:
1052:14 September
1050:. Retrieved
1043:
1019:. Retrieved
1013:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
933:. Retrieved
929:"Sentinel-1"
923:
911:. Retrieved
907:the original
880:. Retrieved
863:
851:. Retrieved
847:the original
839:"Sentinel 1"
833:
770:Lake Success
755:False colour
740:
685:
673:
641:
629:
618:
609:
603:
598:
582:
563:Applications
555:
549:
543:
538:
533:
522:
516:
506:
500:
495:
487:
447:
443:
429:
414:
405:
389:
362:
355:
336:
310:
309:
85:Applications
48:Manufacturer
3309:WikiProject
3181:MarcoPolo-R
3131:Don Quijote
3101:Ariane 5 ME
3065:(2015–2017)
2995:Galileo FOC
2989:Galileo IOV
2961:(1989–1993)
2900:Jules Verne
2881:spaceflight
2712:(2009–2013)
2700:(2003–2007)
2698:Double Star
2694:(2002–2012)
2682:(1995–2011)
2676:(1991–2000)
2670:(1977–1997)
2583:(2009–2013)
2577:(2009–2013)
2553:(1995–1998)
2535:(1989–1993)
2529:(1983–1986)
2523:(1978–1996)
2517:(1975–1982)
2455:BepiColombo
2442:(2005–2014)
2436:(2004–2016)
2420:(2003–2006)
2414:(1997–2005)
2408:(1985–1992)
2377:(2000–2024)
2365:(1990–2009)
2359:(1977–1987)
2292:Arianespace
1945:Atmospheric
1755:Sentinel-6A
1746:Sentinel-3B
1730:Sentinel-2B
1722:Sentinel-1B
1714:Sentinel-3A
1706:Sentinel-2A
1698:Sentinel-1A
1529:29 November
1522:Arianespace
1449:15 December
1402:2 September
1356:Geosciences
1067:Sentinel-1C
730:Sentinel-1D
724:Sentinel-1C
718:Sentinel-1B
712:Sentinel-1A
668:Sentinel-1A
577:Sentinel-1A
478:Barents Sea
474:Sentinel-1B
371:Instruments
327:Sentinel-1B
323:Sentinel-1A
255:Sentinel-1B
251:Last launch
242:Sentinel-1A
222:Operational
165:Design life
122:Launch mass
21:SentinelOne
3324:Categories
3196:Phootprint
3176:Marco Polo
3017:Technology
2847:MetOp-SG-B
2839:MetOp-SG-A
2815:Sentinel-4
2786:ADM-Aeolus
2766:Sentinel-3
2748:Sentinel-2
2734:Sentinel-1
2662:Copernicus
2557:XMM-Newton
2375:Cluster II
2181:Copernicus
2152:Programmes
2080:Facilities
2030:Spaceports
1819:TerraSAR-X
1814:Radarsat-2
1759:(Nov 2020)
1749:(Apr 2018)
1741:(Oct 2017)
1733:(Mar 2017)
1725:(Apr 2016)
1717:(Feb 2016)
1709:(Jun 2015)
1701:(Apr 2014)
1682:Sentinel-7
1677:Sentinel-6
1672:Sentinel-5
1667:Sentinel-4
1662:Sentinel-3
1657:Sentinel-2
1652:Sentinel-1
1637:satellites
1560:Sentinel-1
1554:Sentinel-1
1548:Sentinel-1
1362:(3): 124.
1202:2020-03-05
1178:2020-03-05
1151:2023-04-26
1021:19 January
825:References
706:Spacecraft
688:Telespazio
654:Industrial
614:subsidence
311:Sentinel-1
298:Sentinel-2
185:Production
138:Dimensions
27:Sentinel-1
3237:CryoSat-1
3211:STE-QUEST
3146:Eddington
3136:e.Deorbit
3087:Cancelled
2959:Olympus-1
2801:EarthCARE
2722:CryoSat-2
2571:(2006–13)
2547:(1992–93)
2533:Hipparcos
2507:cosmology
1914:Altimetry
1496:SpaceNews
1297:0094-8276
1100:: 10–17.
1015:SpaceNews
882:17 August
853:17 August
573:Ireland's
476:over the
154:Batteries
117:Active: 1
109:Satellite
3298:Wikinews
3274:Category
2894:Columbus
2818:) (2024)
2628:ARRAKIHS
2581:Herschel
2563:INTEGRAL
2493:EnVision
2446:ExoMars
2302:EUMETSAT
2193:Columbus
2186:Sentinel
2066:Ariane 6
2061:Ariane 5
1890:RapidEye
1875:Pléiades
1855:Deimos-2
1824:TanDEM-X
1783:missions
1691:Launches
1635:Sentinel
1575:Archived
1475:4 August
1469:BBC News
1427:15 March
1397:BBC News
1335:22 March
1315:29657343
1248:11 March
1226:12 March
1094:Bulletin
993:21 March
935:21 March
408:May 2024
333:Overview
300:→
214:Launched
198:On order
130:Dry mass
75:Operator
3286:Commons
3263:italics
3232:Cluster
3216:THESEUS
3201:SOLARIS
3076:PROBA-3
3069:OPS-SAT
3051:PROBA-V
3045:PROBA-2
3033:PROBA-1
2983:HYLAS-1
2977:GIOVE-B
2971:GIOVE-A
2965:Artemis
2793:Biomass
2692:Envisat
2631:(2030s)
2430:Rosetta
2418:SMART-1
2412:Huygens
2363:Ulysses
2343:Science
2218:ExoMars
2208:GALILEO
2198:CryoSat
2159:Artemis
2138:ESTRACK
2043:Esrange
1957:Envisat
1952:CALIPSO
1926:CryoSat
1921:Envisat
1895:Ingenio
1885:Proba-V
1850:Envisat
1838:Optical
1804:Envisat
1645:Classes
1501:19 June
1364:Bibcode
1306:5896568
1277:Bibcode
1126:7 March
1102:Bibcode
913:3 April
801:Calbuco
737:Gallery
681:Astrium
590:Envisat
394:Please
230:Retired
3242:GEOS 1
3225:Failed
3191:ODINUS
3161:Hopper
3156:Hermes
3151:EXPERT
3079:(2024)
3059:(2015)
3041:(2007)
3029:(1998)
2955:(1978)
2953:GEOS 2
2938:(2021)
2932:(2014)
2926:(2013)
2920:(2012)
2914:(2011)
2906:Cupola
2902:(2008)
2866:(2027)
2858:(2025)
2850:(2025)
2842:(2025)
2834:(2025)
2826:(2025)
2823:ALTIUS
2804:(2024)
2796:(2024)
2647:(2035)
2639:(2035)
2636:Athena
2623:(2029)
2615:(2026)
2605:Euclid
2593:CHEOPS
2575:Planck
2545:Eureca
2527:EXOSAT
2496:(2031)
2488:(2029)
2480:(2028)
2471:(2024)
2463:(2023)
2434:Philae
2406:Giotto
2391:(2031)
2357:ISEE-2
2171:Aurora
1962:Merlin
1880:Prisma
1568:by ESA
1313:
1303:
1295:
700:Aresys
683:Gmbh.
480:. The
458:X-band
432:C-band
343:Kourou
193:Active
190:Status
3206:SPICA
3001:EGNOS
2863:FORUM
2855:SMILE
2728:Swarm
2704:MetOp
2680:ERS-2
2674:ERS-1
2620:ARIEL
2612:PLATO
2569:CoRoT
2515:Cos-B
2478:rover
2388:Vigil
2312:GEWEX
2255:Pride
2213:ELIPS
2203:EGNOS
1972:MetOp
1936:SARAL
1905:VENµS
1870:HiROS
1865:EnMAP
1845:ERS-2
1799:ERS-2
1090:(PDF)
872:(PDF)
797:InSAR
692:WERUM
452:(168
439:SDRAM
351:Soyuz
206:Built
146:Power
3166:LOFT
3141:EChO
3121:CSTS
3096:AIDA
3039:YES2
2831:FLEX
2716:SMOS
2710:GOCE
2644:LISA
2587:Gaia
2468:Hera
2369:SOHO
2223:FLPP
2071:Vega
1900:SPOT
1531:2022
1503:2024
1477:2023
1451:2015
1429:2018
1404:2014
1337:2018
1311:PMID
1293:ISSN
1250:2018
1228:2018
1128:2017
1054:2022
1023:2022
995:2018
937:2018
915:2014
884:2014
855:2014
698:and
670:data
594:SMAP
588:and
579:data
450:Gbit
363:The
325:and
157:324
3057:IXV
3027:ARD
2879:ISS
2551:ISO
2521:IUE
2176:ATV
2164:ESM
1829:Paz
1791:SAR
1372:doi
1301:PMC
1285:doi
1098:131
876:ESA
586:ERS
454:GiB
398:to
341:in
64:DLR
3326::
2774:3B
2772:/
2770:3A
2768:/
2760:2C
2758:/
2756:2B
2754:/
2752:2A
2750:/
2742:1B
2740:/
2738:1A
2736:/
1519:.
1494:.
1467:.
1412:^
1395:.
1370:.
1358:.
1354:.
1309:.
1299:.
1291:.
1283:.
1273:44
1271:.
1267:.
1211:^
1195:.
1171:.
1160:^
1144:.
1096:.
1092:.
1073:^
1031:^
1012:.
971:.
953:.
892:^
874:.
694:,
690:,
345:,
159:Ah
2812:(
2432:/
2010:e
2003:t
1996:v
1619:e
1612:t
1605:v
1533:.
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1479:.
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1380:.
1374::
1366::
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1339:.
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1104::
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209:4
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23:.
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