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Sentence clause structure

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636: 717:(i.e. clauses that have not been made dependent through the use of a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction) that are joined without appropriate punctuation: the clauses "run on" into confusion. The independent clauses can be "fused", as in "It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark", in which case the two independent clauses might be separated (between "five" and "we") with a period , a comma and conjunction (...five, and we...), or a semicolon (...five; we...). The independent clauses can be joined 804: 354:
conjunction, a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon. A
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A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses). Since a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, complex sentences must also have at least one independent clause. In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one
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Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in English, and sentence 3 is complex. Sentence 4 is compound-complex (also known as complex-compound). Example 5 is a sentence fragment.
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This clause pattern is a derivative of S+V+O, transforming the object of a preposition into an indirect object of the verb, as the example sentence in transformational grammar is actually "She made a pie for
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members referring to another common member of the sentence, the sentence may be considered either simple or compound. If the homogenous members are removed, then the sentence is called
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independent clause is a complex sentence. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses is called compound-complex or complex-compound.
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to be incomplete sentences, but this style prescription has "no historical or grammatical foundation". Computer grammar checkers often highlight incomplete sentences.
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While some sources view comma splices as a form of run-on sentences, others limit the term to independent clauses that are joined without punctuation.
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Sentences – which are composed of these clauses, in either "dependent" or "independent" form – also have patterns, as explained below.
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They did not make "him", and they did not make "happy"; they made "him happy"—the object and its complement form a syntactical unit.
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The use of a comma to separate two independent clauses without the addition of an appropriate conjunction is called a
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or similar word. There are a large number of subordinating conjunctions in English. Some of these give the clause an
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is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a
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When I stepped out into the bright sunlight, from the darkness of the movie house, I had only two things in my mind
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A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a
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Alex likes to fish, and he is going fishing on Friday – Alex likes to fish, and is going fishing on Friday.
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The Thought and Its Expression: A Grammar After the System Introduced Into the Best Schools of Germany
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or noun phrase in the independent clause. In other words, the relative clause functions similar to an
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In general, run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are joined without using a
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or noun, not a verb, because it lacks a helping verb. An example is, "Swimming in the ocean".
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of an exclamative and a noun phrase but no verb. It is not a grammatically complete clause.
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What she had realized was that love was that moment when your heart was about to burst.
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is a dependent clause that functions like a noun. A noun clause may function as the
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conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence. Conjunctions are words such as
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In this sentence the independent clause contains two noun clauses. The noun clause
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and is generally considered an error (when used in the English language). Example:
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The dog lived in the garden, but the cat, who was smarter, lived inside the house.
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The simple sentence in example 1 contains one clause. Example 2 has two clauses (
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When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject,
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject,
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Subject + Verb (linking) + Subject Complement (adjective, noun, pronoun)
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fragment is a type of incomplete sentence containing a word ending in -
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function, specifying time, place, or manner. Such clauses are called
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You, who have never known your family, see them standing around you.
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is a dependent clause; the sentence is thus complex. In sentence 4,
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The law was passed: from April 1, all cars would have to be tested.
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one
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I will accept your offer or decline it; these are the two options.
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In addition to a subject and a verb, dependent clauses contain a
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An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
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Hairston, Maxine; Ruszkiewicz, John J; Friend, Christy (1998).
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like "Run walk" can be a run-on even if it only has two words.
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The war was lost; consequently, the whole country was occupied.
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Subject + Verb (transitive) + Indirect Object + Direct Object
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I don't know how to bake, so I buy my bread already made.
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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
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Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object + Object Complement
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In the backyard, the dog barked and howled at the cat.
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has at least one independent clause plus at least one
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English Post: English Language Learning and Teaching
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This complex sentence contains an adverbial clause,
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In standard English, sentences are composed of five
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How clauses compose sentences in grammar and syntax
1126: 643:caused by an incorrect translation of the phrase " 2086: 623:. The sentence also contains a relative clause, 934:"Homogenous members of a sentence (in Russian)" 873:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Grammar and Style 868: 175:I enjoyed the apple pie that you bought for me. 1245: 768:– because in these short cases there are two 647:" from English to Chinese and back to English 408:The sun was shining, everyone appeared happy. 84:Abdul is happy. Jeanne is a person. I am she. 198:), combined into a single sentence with the 1133:(5th ed.). New York: Longman. p.  1050: 1969:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language 1259: 1252: 1238: 1198: 1051:Berry, Chris; Brizee, Allen (2006-08-31). 836: 1101:"English Grammar Lesson - Run-Ons! - ELC" 864: 862: 830: 667:is an example of an incomplete sentence. 341:Atomic sentence § Compound sentences 237:A simple sentence structure contains one 1053:"Runons – Comma Splices Fused Sentences" 1046: 1044: 1004:on BUT, p. 60 in the first edition. 946: 634: 112: 1129:The Scott Foresman Handbook for Writers 970: 968: 630: 225:is a dependent clause. Example 5 is an 2087: 1075: 1073: 901: 859: 839:Introduction to the Grammar of English 504:Let him who has been deceived complain 491:is a dependent clause that modifies a 429:Complex and compound-complex sentences 387:I started on time, but I arrived late. 50: 1233: 1041: 529:Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone 334: 293:that consists of more than one word. 965: 543:specifies or defines the meaning of 71:Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object 1220:"Independent and Dependent Clauses" 1070: 704: 689:consider sentences starting with a 232: 13: 625:when your heart was about to burst 611:serves as the subject of the verb 14: 2126: 1168: 1081:"Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices" 43:. Such division is an element of 802: 561:You see them standing around you 553:who have never known your family 482:I had only two things on my mind 35:based on the number and kind of 1151: 1118: 1093: 600:The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo 121:consists of only one clause. A 1909:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 1007: 990: 978:. Pasco-Hernando State College 940: 926: 912: 895: 276:The girl ran into her bedroom. 221:are both independent clauses; 219:the cat lived inside the house 209:is an independent clause, and 1: 1790:Principle of compositionality 1199:Campos Noguera, José Manuel. 1105:ELC - English Language Center 823: 713:that consists of two or more 63:Subject + Verb (intransitive) 25:sentence and clause structure 1939:Philosophical Investigations 947:Sinclair, Christine (2007). 309:barked and howled at the cat 7: 1780:Modality (natural language) 1021:University of Chicago Press 1016:The Chicago Manual of Style 837:Huddleston, Rodney (1984). 795: 559:in the independent clause, 547:in the independent clause, 538:restrictive relative clause 346:In the English language, a 215:The dog lived in the garden 196:I buy my bread already made 31:, is the classification of 10: 2131: 1919:Language, Truth, and Logic 1659:Theological noncognitivism 1544:Contrast theory of meaning 1539:Causal theory of reference 1270:Index of language articles 1019:(16th ed.). Chicago: 843:Cambridge University Press 536:In the first example, the 432: 338: 2059: 2004:Philosophy of information 1991: 1840: 1692: 1604:Mediated reference theory 1529: 1276: 1267: 949:Grammar: Getting it Right 617:that love was that moment 445:subordinating conjunction 154:compound-complex sentence 150:complex-compound sentence 1929:Two Dogmas of Empiricism 869:Rozakis, Laurie (2003). 730:coordinating conjunction 339:Not to be confused with 200:coordinating conjunction 192:I don't know how to bake 125:consists of two or more 1730:Use–mention distinction 1574:Direct reference theory 721:with only a comma (the 709:A run-on sentence is a 412:If a sentence contains 207:I enjoyed the apple pie 1664:Theory of descriptions 1599:Linguistic determinism 1261:Philosophy of language 902:Scheib, Henry (1849). 648: 211:that you bought for me 1775:Mental representation 1710:Linguistic relativity 1594:Inquisitive semantics 687:prescriptive grammars 638: 609:What she had realized 541:who has been deceived 329:prepositional phrases 307:, and one predicate, 289:. The predicate is a 285:, and one predicate, 113:Typology of sentences 76:She runs the meeting. 1959:Naming and Necessity 1869:De Arte Combinatoria 1668:Definite description 1629:Semantic externalism 1002:Modern English Usage 920:"Compound Sentences" 631:Incomplete sentences 576:predicate nominative 287:ran into her bedroom 227:exclamatory sentence 103:They made him happy. 29:sentence composition 27:, commonly known as 2009:Philosophical logic 1999:Analytic philosophy 1805:Sense and reference 1684:Verification theory 1639:Situation semantics 1201:"Complex sentences" 778:imperative sentence 766:I drive, she walks, 715:independent clauses 653:incomplete sentence 508:Miguel de Cervantes 139:incomplete sentence 127:independent clauses 51:Typology of clauses 45:traditional grammar 41:syntactic structure 2095:Syntactic entities 1859:Port-Royal Grammar 1755:Family resemblance 1674:Theory of language 1649:Supposition theory 1180:Online Writing Lab 877:. Alpha. pp.  810:Linguistics portal 774:intransitive verbs 665:independent clause 649: 335:Compound sentences 239:independent clause 92:She made me a pie. 2100:Sentences by type 2082: 2081: 1584:Dynamic semantics 1184:Purdue University 1034:978-0-226-10420-1 958:978-0-335-22008-3 852:978-0-521-29704-2 762:I drive she walks 657:sentence fragment 453:adverbial clauses 348:compound sentence 243:dependent clauses 143:sentence fragment 123:compound sentence 2122: 2044:Formal semantics 1992:Related articles 1984: 1974: 1964: 1954: 1944: 1934: 1924: 1914: 1904: 1894: 1884: 1874: 1864: 1854: 1624:Relevance theory 1619:Phallogocentrism 1254: 1247: 1240: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1176:"Sentence Types" 1162: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1132: 1122: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1088: 1087: 1077: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1059:on June 12, 2018 1055:. Archived from 1048: 1039: 1038: 1023:. 2010. p.  1011: 1005: 994: 988: 987: 985: 983: 972: 963: 962: 944: 938: 937: 930: 924: 923: 916: 910: 909: 899: 893: 892: 876: 866: 857: 856: 834: 812: 807: 806: 772:paired with two 705:Run-on sentences 661:dependent clause 549:Let him complain 435:Dependent clause 233:Simple sentences 205:. In example 3, 141:, also called a 135:dependent clause 131:complex sentence 2130: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2110:English grammar 2085: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2055: 2034:School of Names 1987: 1982: 1972: 1962: 1952: 1949:Of Grammatology 1942: 1932: 1922: 1912: 1902: 1892: 1882: 1872: 1862: 1852: 1836: 1688: 1634:Semantic holism 1614:Non-cognitivism 1554:Conventionalism 1525: 1272: 1263: 1258: 1222: 1218: 1209: 1207: 1189: 1187: 1174: 1171: 1166: 1165: 1156: 1152: 1145: 1123: 1119: 1110: 1108: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1071: 1062: 1060: 1049: 1042: 1035: 1013: 1012: 1008: 995: 991: 981: 979: 974: 973: 966: 959: 951:. McGraw-Hill. 945: 941: 932: 931: 927: 918: 917: 913: 900: 896: 889: 867: 860: 853: 835: 831: 826: 808: 801: 798: 707: 633: 574:of a clause, a 489:relative clause 437: 431: 344: 337: 321:In the backyard 235: 223:who was smarter 119:simple sentence 115: 104: 99: 93: 88: 80: 72: 64: 53: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2128: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1975: 1965: 1955: 1945: 1935: 1925: 1915: 1905: 1895: 1885: 1875: 1865: 1855: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1785:Presupposition 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1564:Deconstruction 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1256: 1249: 1242: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1216: 1196: 1170: 1169:External links 1167: 1164: 1163: 1150: 1143: 1117: 1092: 1069: 1040: 1033: 1006: 989: 964: 957: 939: 925: 911: 894: 887: 858: 851: 828: 827: 825: 822: 821: 820: 814: 813: 797: 794: 706: 703: 632: 629: 605: 604: 534: 533: 517: 484:, took place. 474: 473: 433:Main article: 430: 427: 426: 425: 410: 409: 398: 397: 394: 391: 388: 336: 333: 301: 300: 279: 278: 253: 252: 234: 231: 188: 187: 185:What an idiot! 182: 177: 172: 167: 165:I like trains. 114: 111: 107: 106: 96: 85: 77: 69: 52: 49: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2127: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2029:Scholasticism 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1644:Structuralism 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1569:Descriptivism 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1549:Contrastivism 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1221: 1217: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1161: 1160: 1154: 1146: 1144:9780321002488 1140: 1136: 1131: 1130: 1121: 1106: 1102: 1096: 1082: 1076: 1074: 1058: 1054: 1047: 1045: 1036: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1010: 1003: 999: 993: 977: 971: 969: 960: 954: 950: 943: 935: 929: 921: 915: 907: 906: 898: 890: 888:1-59257-115-8 884: 880: 875: 874: 865: 863: 854: 848: 844: 840: 833: 829: 819: 816: 815: 811: 805: 800: 793: 791: 790: 784: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 683: 681: 677: 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 646: 642: 637: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 602: 601: 596: 595:Stieg Larsson 592: 589: 588: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 539: 531: 530: 525: 521: 518: 515: 514: 509: 505: 502: 501: 500: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 471: 470: 469:The Outsiders 465: 461: 458: 457: 456: 454: 450: 446: 441: 436: 423: 422: 421: 419: 415: 407: 406: 405: 403: 395: 392: 389: 386: 385: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 353: 349: 342: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 299: 296: 295: 294: 292: 288: 284: 277: 274: 273: 272: 270: 266: 262: 258: 251: 248: 247: 246: 244: 240: 230: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 201: 197: 193: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 161: 157: 155: 151: 146: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 110: 102: 97: 91: 86: 83: 78: 75: 70: 67: 62: 61: 60: 58: 48: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 1977: 1967: 1957: 1947: 1937: 1927: 1917: 1907: 1887: 1877: 1867: 1857: 1847: 1829: 1770:Metalanguage 1765:Logical form 1720:Truth-bearer 1679:Unilalianism 1589:Expressivism 1416:Wittgenstein 1361:von Humboldt 1278:Philosophers 1208:. Retrieved 1204: 1188:. Retrieved 1179: 1158: 1153: 1128: 1120: 1109:. Retrieved 1107:. 2017-05-19 1104: 1095: 1084:. Retrieved 1061:. Retrieved 1057:the original 1015: 1009: 998:H. W. Fowler 992: 980:. Retrieved 948: 942: 928: 914: 904: 897: 872: 838: 832: 818:Comma splice 787: 785: 782: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 727: 723:comma splice 719:inadequately 718: 708: 698: 694: 684: 675: 671: 669: 656: 652: 650: 645:mind the gap 624: 616: 612: 608: 606: 598: 590: 565: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 535: 527: 524:J.K. Rowling 519: 511: 503: 486: 481: 477: 475: 467: 464:S. E. Hinton 459: 442: 438: 417: 413: 411: 402:comma splice 399: 383:. Examples: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352:coordinating 351: 347: 345: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 302: 297: 286: 282: 280: 275: 268: 260: 254: 249: 236: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 195: 191: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 158: 153: 149: 147: 142: 138: 130: 122: 118: 116: 108: 100: 89: 81: 73: 65: 56: 54: 28: 24: 18: 2105:Punctuation 2014:Linguistics 1979:Limited Inc 1899:On Denoting 1725:Proposition 1376:de Saussure 1341:Ibn Khaldun 976:"Fragments" 691:conjunction 663:without an 568:noun clause 513:Don Quixote 291:verb phrase 2089:Categories 2074:Discussion 2069:Task Force 2019:Pragmatics 1810:Speech act 1740:Categories 1654:Symbiosism 1609:Nominalism 1521:Watzlawick 1401:Bloomfield 1321:Chrysippus 1210:2 February 1190:2 February 1111:2017-09-14 1086:2008-01-24 1063:2008-01-24 824:References 764:, or even 678:that is a 621:complement 619:serves as 584:appositive 555:describes 418:contracted 414:homogenous 325:at the cat 263:, and one 59:patterns: 2051:Semiotics 2039:Semantics 1889:Alciphron 1825:Statement 1760:Intension 1700:Ambiguity 1579:Dramatism 1559:Cratylism 1311:Eubulides 1306:Aristotle 1286:Confucius 982:13 August 641:Chinglish 497:adjective 449:adverbial 68:She runs. 39:in their 33:sentences 2064:Category 2024:Rhetoric 1849:Cratylus 1820:Sentence 1795:Property 1715:Language 1693:Concepts 1531:Theories 1496:Strawson 1481:Davidson 1471:Hintikka 1466:Anscombe 1411:Vygotsky 1366:Mauthner 1336:Averroes 1326:Zhuangzi 1316:Diodorus 1296:Cratylus 796:See also 770:subjects 711:sentence 693:such as 101:Example: 90:Example: 82:Example: 74:Example: 66:Example: 2115:Clauses 1831:more... 1735:Concept 1476:Dummett 1451:Gadamer 1446:Chomsky 1431:Derrida 1421:Russell 1406:Bergson 1391:Tillich 1351:Leibniz 1291:Gorgias 572:subject 257:subject 241:and no 37:clauses 21:grammar 1983:(1988) 1973:(1982) 1963:(1980) 1953:(1967) 1943:(1953) 1933:(1951) 1923:(1936) 1913:(1921) 1903:(1905) 1893:(1732) 1883:(1668) 1873:(1666) 1863:(1660) 1853:(n.d.) 1815:Symbol 1516:Searle 1506:Putnam 1456:Kripke 1441:Austin 1426:Carnap 1371:Ricœur 1356:Herder 1346:Hobbes 1186:. 1995 1141:  1031:  955:  885:  881:–168. 849:  732:(i.e. 680:gerund 615:, and 582:or an 580:object 379:, and 317:howled 313:barked 250:I run. 57:clause 1841:Works 1750:Class 1511:Lewis 1501:Quine 1486:Grice 1436:Whorf 1396:Sapir 1381:Frege 1331:Xunzi 1301:Plato 1223:(PDF) 996:e.g. 776:. An 685:Some 655:, or 578:, an 1800:Sign 1705:Cant 1491:Ryle 1461:Ayer 1386:Boas 1212:2014 1192:2014 1139:ISBN 1029:ISBN 984:2021 953:ISBN 883:ISBN 847:ISBN 786:Per 670:An - 493:noun 327:are 323:and 315:and 283:girl 265:verb 217:and 194:and 129:. A 95:me". 1745:Set 1135:509 1025:257 1000:in 879:167 754:yet 746:but 742:nor 738:and 734:for 725:). 699:and 697:or 695:but 676:ing 672:ing 651:An 613:was 557:you 545:him 506:. ( 462:. 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Index

grammar
sentences
clauses
syntactic structure
traditional grammar
independent clauses
dependent clause
coordinating conjunction
exclamatory sentence
independent clause
dependent clauses
subject
verb
verb phrase
prepositional phrases
Atomic sentence § Compound sentences
comma splice
Dependent clause
subordinating conjunction
adverbial
adverbial clauses
S. E. Hinton
The Outsiders
relative clause
noun
adjective
Miguel de Cervantes
Don Quixote
J.K. Rowling
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone

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