636:
717:(i.e. clauses that have not been made dependent through the use of a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction) that are joined without appropriate punctuation: the clauses "run on" into confusion. The independent clauses can be "fused", as in "It is nearly half past five we cannot reach town before dark", in which case the two independent clauses might be separated (between "five" and "we") with a period , a comma and conjunction (...five, and we...), or a semicolon (...five; we...). The independent clauses can be joined
804:
354:
conjunction, a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon. A
439:
A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses). Since a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, complex sentences must also have at least one independent clause. In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one
159:
Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in
English, and sentence 3 is complex. Sentence 4 is compound-complex (also known as complex-compound). Example 5 is a sentence fragment.
94:
This clause pattern is a derivative of S+V+O, transforming the object of a preposition into an indirect object of the verb, as the example sentence in transformational grammar is actually "She made a pie for
933:
659:, is a set of words that does not form a complete sentence, either because it does not express a complete thought or because it lacks some grammatical element, such as a subject or a verb. A
416:
members referring to another common member of the sentence, the sentence may be considered either simple or compound. If the homogenous members are removed, then the sentence is called
1878:
440:
independent clause is a complex sentence. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses is called compound-complex or complex-compound.
701:
to be incomplete sentences, but this style prescription has "no historical or grammatical foundation". Computer grammar checkers often highlight incomplete sentences.
788:
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While some sources view comma splices as a form of run-on sentences, others limit the term to independent clauses that are joined without punctuation.
1251:
1968:
109:
Sentences – which are composed of these clauses, in either "dependent" or "independent" form – also have patterns, as explained below.
2068:
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They did not make "him", and they did not make "happy"; they made "him happy"—the object and its complement form a syntactical unit.
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760:) or correct punctuation (i.e. semicolon, dash, or period). A run-on sentence can be as short as four words – for instance,
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The use of a comma to separate two independent clauses without the addition of an appropriate conjunction is called a
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or similar word. There are a large number of subordinating conjunctions in
English. Some of these give the clause an
350:
is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a
1277:
460:
When I stepped out into the bright sunlight, from the darkness of the movie house, I had only two things in my mind
2063:
1237:
792:, the term "run-on sentence" is also used for "a very long sentence, especially one lacking order or coherence".
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A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a
2038:
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Alex likes to fish, and he is going fishing on Friday – Alex likes to fish, and is going fishing on Friday.
420:. In some languages, like Russian, a comma is not always required in a sentence with homogenous members.
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The
Thought and Its Expression: A Grammar After the System Introduced Into the Best Schools of Germany
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or noun phrase in the independent clause. In other words, the relative clause functions similar to an
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In general, run-on sentences occur when two or more independent clauses are joined without using a
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or noun, not a verb, because it lacks a helping verb. An example is, "Swimming in the ocean".
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of an exclamative and a noun phrase but no verb. It is not a grammatically complete clause.
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What she had realized was that love was that moment when your heart was about to burst.
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is a dependent clause that functions like a noun. A noun clause may function as the
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conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence. Conjunctions are words such as
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In this sentence the independent clause contains two noun clauses. The noun clause
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and is generally considered an error (when used in the
English language). Example:
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The dog lived in the garden, but the cat, who was smarter, lived inside the house.
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The simple sentence in example 1 contains one clause. Example 2 has two clauses (
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When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house
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480:. The adverbial clause describes when and where the action of the main clause,
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject,
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject,
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Subject + Verb (linking) + Subject
Complement (adjective, noun, pronoun)
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fragment is a type of incomplete sentence containing a word ending in -
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function, specifying time, place, or manner. Such clauses are called
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You, who have never known your family, see them standing around you.
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is a dependent clause; the sentence is thus complex. In sentence 4,
2023:
1714:
1335:
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The law was passed: from April 1, all cars would have to be tested.
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This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one
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I will accept your offer or decline it; these are the two options.
1734:
1290:
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In addition to a subject and a verb, dependent clauses contain a
20:
1879:
An Essay
Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
1814:
1125:
Hairston, Maxine; Ruszkiewicz, John J; Friend, Christy (1998).
780:
like "Run walk" can be a run-on even if it only has two words.
679:
448:
396:
The war was lost; consequently, the whole country was occupied.
311:. This predicate has two verbs, known as a compound predicate:
40:
36:
1300:
551:. In the second example, the non-restrictive relative clause
87:
Subject + Verb (transitive) + Indirect Object + Direct Object
492:
319:. (This should not be confused with a compound sentence.)
1124:
428:
170:
I don't know how to bake, so I buy my bread already made.
1159:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
789:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
98:
Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object + Object
Complement
298:
In the backyard, the dog barked and howled at the cat.
137:. A set of words with no independent clause may be an
133:
has at least one independent clause plus at least one
639:"Note that the level of gap", a sentence fragment in
1205:
English Post: English
Language Learning and Teaching
799:
476:
This complex sentence contains an adverbial clause,
55:
In standard English, sentences are composed of five
16:
How clauses compose sentences in grammar and syntax
1126:
643:caused by an incorrect translation of the phrase "
2086:
623:. The sentence also contains a relative clause,
934:"Homogenous members of a sentence (in Russian)"
873:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Grammar and Style
868:
175:I enjoyed the apple pie that you bought for me.
1245:
768:– because in these short cases there are two
647:" from English to Chinese and back to English
408:The sun was shining, everyone appeared happy.
84:Abdul is happy. Jeanne is a person. I am she.
198:), combined into a single sentence with the
1133:(5th ed.). New York: Longman. p.
1050:
1969:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
1259:
1252:
1238:
1198:
1051:Berry, Chris; Brizee, Allen (2006-08-31).
836:
1101:"English Grammar Lesson - Run-Ons! - ELC"
864:
862:
830:
667:is an example of an incomplete sentence.
341:Atomic sentence § Compound sentences
237:A simple sentence structure contains one
1053:"Runons – Comma Splices Fused Sentences"
1046:
1044:
1004:on BUT, p. 60 in the first edition.
946:
634:
112:
1129:The Scott Foresman Handbook for Writers
970:
968:
630:
225:is a dependent clause. Example 5 is an
2087:
1075:
1073:
901:
859:
839:Introduction to the Grammar of English
504:Let him who has been deceived complain
491:is a dependent clause that modifies a
429:Complex and compound-complex sentences
387:I started on time, but I arrived late.
50:
1233:
1041:
529:Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
334:
293:that consists of more than one word.
965:
543:specifies or defines the meaning of
71:Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object
1220:"Independent and Dependent Clauses"
1070:
704:
689:consider sentences starting with a
232:
13:
625:when your heart was about to burst
611:serves as the subject of the verb
14:
2126:
1168:
1081:"Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices"
43:. Such division is an element of
802:
561:You see them standing around you
553:who have never known your family
482:I had only two things on my mind
35:based on the number and kind of
1151:
1118:
1093:
600:The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
121:consists of only one clause. A
1909:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
1007:
990:
978:. Pasco-Hernando State College
940:
926:
912:
895:
276:The girl ran into her bedroom.
221:are both independent clauses;
219:the cat lived inside the house
209:is an independent clause, and
1:
1790:Principle of compositionality
1199:Campos Noguera, José Manuel.
1105:ELC - English Language Center
823:
713:that consists of two or more
63:Subject + Verb (intransitive)
25:sentence and clause structure
1939:Philosophical Investigations
947:Sinclair, Christine (2007).
309:barked and howled at the cat
7:
1780:Modality (natural language)
1021:University of Chicago Press
1016:The Chicago Manual of Style
837:Huddleston, Rodney (1984).
795:
559:in the independent clause,
547:in the independent clause,
538:restrictive relative clause
346:In the English language, a
215:The dog lived in the garden
196:I buy my bread already made
31:, is the classification of
10:
2131:
1919:Language, Truth, and Logic
1659:Theological noncognitivism
1544:Contrast theory of meaning
1539:Causal theory of reference
1270:Index of language articles
1019:(16th ed.). Chicago:
843:Cambridge University Press
536:In the first example, the
432:
338:
2059:
2004:Philosophy of information
1991:
1840:
1692:
1604:Mediated reference theory
1529:
1276:
1267:
949:Grammar: Getting it Right
617:that love was that moment
445:subordinating conjunction
154:compound-complex sentence
150:complex-compound sentence
1929:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
869:Rozakis, Laurie (2003).
730:coordinating conjunction
339:Not to be confused with
200:coordinating conjunction
192:I don't know how to bake
125:consists of two or more
1730:Use–mention distinction
1574:Direct reference theory
721:with only a comma (the
709:A run-on sentence is a
412:If a sentence contains
207:I enjoyed the apple pie
1664:Theory of descriptions
1599:Linguistic determinism
1261:Philosophy of language
902:Scheib, Henry (1849).
648:
211:that you bought for me
1775:Mental representation
1710:Linguistic relativity
1594:Inquisitive semantics
687:prescriptive grammars
638:
609:What she had realized
541:who has been deceived
329:prepositional phrases
307:, and one predicate,
289:. The predicate is a
285:, and one predicate,
113:Typology of sentences
76:She runs the meeting.
1959:Naming and Necessity
1869:De Arte Combinatoria
1668:Definite description
1629:Semantic externalism
1002:Modern English Usage
920:"Compound Sentences"
631:Incomplete sentences
576:predicate nominative
287:ran into her bedroom
227:exclamatory sentence
103:They made him happy.
29:sentence composition
27:, commonly known as
2009:Philosophical logic
1999:Analytic philosophy
1805:Sense and reference
1684:Verification theory
1639:Situation semantics
1201:"Complex sentences"
778:imperative sentence
766:I drive, she walks,
715:independent clauses
653:incomplete sentence
508:Miguel de Cervantes
139:incomplete sentence
127:independent clauses
51:Typology of clauses
45:traditional grammar
41:syntactic structure
2095:Syntactic entities
1859:Port-Royal Grammar
1755:Family resemblance
1674:Theory of language
1649:Supposition theory
1180:Online Writing Lab
877:. Alpha. pp.
810:Linguistics portal
774:intransitive verbs
665:independent clause
649:
335:Compound sentences
239:independent clause
92:She made me a pie.
2100:Sentences by type
2082:
2081:
1584:Dynamic semantics
1184:Purdue University
1034:978-0-226-10420-1
958:978-0-335-22008-3
852:978-0-521-29704-2
762:I drive she walks
657:sentence fragment
453:adverbial clauses
348:compound sentence
243:dependent clauses
143:sentence fragment
123:compound sentence
2122:
2044:Formal semantics
1992:Related articles
1984:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
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1904:
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1884:
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1624:Relevance theory
1619:Phallogocentrism
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1176:"Sentence Types"
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1059:on June 12, 2018
1055:. Archived from
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1023:. 2010. p.
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772:paired with two
705:Run-on sentences
661:dependent clause
549:Let him complain
435:Dependent clause
233:Simple sentences
205:. In example 3,
141:, also called a
135:dependent clause
131:complex sentence
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2110:English grammar
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1634:Semantic holism
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1765:Logical form
1720:Truth-bearer
1679:Unilalianism
1589:Expressivism
1416:Wittgenstein
1361:von Humboldt
1278:Philosophers
1208:. Retrieved
1204:
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1057:the original
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992:
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723:comma splice
719:inadequately
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464:S. E. Hinton
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402:comma splice
399:
383:. Examples:
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352:coordinating
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2105:Punctuation
2014:Linguistics
1979:Limited Inc
1899:On Denoting
1725:Proposition
1376:de Saussure
1341:Ibn Khaldun
976:"Fragments"
691:conjunction
663:without an
568:noun clause
513:Don Quixote
291:verb phrase
2089:Categories
2074:Discussion
2069:Task Force
2019:Pragmatics
1810:Speech act
1740:Categories
1654:Symbiosism
1609:Nominalism
1521:Watzlawick
1401:Bloomfield
1321:Chrysippus
1210:2 February
1190:2 February
1111:2017-09-14
1086:2008-01-24
1063:2008-01-24
824:References
764:, or even
678:that is a
621:complement
619:serves as
584:appositive
555:describes
418:contracted
414:homogenous
325:at the cat
263:, and one
59:patterns:
2051:Semiotics
2039:Semantics
1889:Alciphron
1825:Statement
1760:Intension
1700:Ambiguity
1579:Dramatism
1559:Cratylism
1311:Eubulides
1306:Aristotle
1286:Confucius
982:13 August
641:Chinglish
497:adjective
449:adverbial
68:She runs.
39:in their
33:sentences
2064:Category
2024:Rhetoric
1849:Cratylus
1820:Sentence
1795:Property
1715:Language
1693:Concepts
1531:Theories
1496:Strawson
1481:Davidson
1471:Hintikka
1466:Anscombe
1411:Vygotsky
1366:Mauthner
1336:Averroes
1326:Zhuangzi
1316:Diodorus
1296:Cratylus
796:See also
770:subjects
711:sentence
693:such as
101:Example:
90:Example:
82:Example:
74:Example:
66:Example:
2115:Clauses
1831:more...
1735:Concept
1476:Dummett
1451:Gadamer
1446:Chomsky
1431:Derrida
1421:Russell
1406:Bergson
1391:Tillich
1351:Leibniz
1291:Gorgias
572:subject
257:subject
241:and no
37:clauses
21:grammar
1983:(1988)
1973:(1982)
1963:(1980)
1953:(1967)
1943:(1953)
1933:(1951)
1923:(1936)
1913:(1921)
1903:(1905)
1893:(1732)
1883:(1668)
1873:(1666)
1863:(1660)
1853:(n.d.)
1815:Symbol
1516:Searle
1506:Putnam
1456:Kripke
1441:Austin
1426:Carnap
1371:Ricœur
1356:Herder
1346:Hobbes
1186:. 1995
1141:
1031:
955:
885:
881:–168.
849:
732:(i.e.
680:gerund
615:, and
582:or an
580:object
379:, and
317:howled
313:barked
250:I run.
57:clause
1841:Works
1750:Class
1511:Lewis
1501:Quine
1486:Grice
1436:Whorf
1396:Sapir
1381:Frege
1331:Xunzi
1301:Plato
1223:(PDF)
996:e.g.
776:. An
685:Some
655:, or
578:, an
1800:Sign
1705:Cant
1491:Ryle
1461:Ayer
1386:Boas
1212:2014
1192:2014
1139:ISBN
1029:ISBN
984:2021
953:ISBN
883:ISBN
847:ISBN
786:Per
670:An -
493:noun
327:are
323:and
315:and
283:girl
265:verb
217:and
194:and
129:. A
95:me".
1745:Set
1135:509
1025:257
1000:in
879:167
754:yet
746:but
742:nor
738:and
734:for
725:).
699:and
697:or
695:but
676:ing
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651:An
613:was
557:you
545:him
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369:but
365:nor
361:and
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269:run
152:or
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1072:^
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758:so
756:,
752:,
750:or
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744:,
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487:A
466:,
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381:so
375:,
373:or
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267:,
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261:I
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