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be a true representation of reality. However, news media do make this claim (Mason, 2006; Surette, 2003). Despite this, studies show that when it comes to crime, media representations do not accurately reflect reality (Surette, 2003).. Additionally, crime news is one of the most prominent categories in news media; it is covered disproportionately more than other social problems (Leishman & Mason, 2003; Gans, 2004).
904:, the debate of sensationalism used in the mass medium of broadcasting is based on a misunderstanding of its audience, especially the television audience. Thompson explains that the term 'mass' (which is connected to broadcasting) suggests a 'vast audience of many thousands, even millions of passive individuals'. Television news is restricted to showing the scenes of crimes rather than the crime itself because of the
787:
surprising narrative to market serialized fiction in periodicals. The attention-grasping rhetorical techniques found in sensation fiction were also employed in articles on science, modern technology, finance, and in historical accounts of contemporary events. Sensationalism in nineteenth century could be found in popular culture, literature, performance, art history, theory, pre-cinema, and early cinema.
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has been credited by some with creating distrust in government and opening the door for a new business tactic for the media that resulted in the spread of negative, dishonest and misleading news coverage of
American politics; such examples include the labeling of a large number of political scandals,
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Today, we're living through a second Party Press Era combined with a second Yellow
Journalism Era-blatant partisanship combined with sensationalism. This is probably most evident in the coverage of cable television's 24-hour news channels. It started with the 1987 repeal by President Ronald Reagan's
2278:
One of the most prevalent subjects of media discourse is crime. Crime is represented in many different media categories from entertainment to news and intermediate forms such as infotainment. While entertainment media doubtlessly have a significant socializing effect, they generally do not claim to
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Still, the research sheds light on how
Facebook's algorithm works. The studies found liberals and conservatives live in their own political news bubbles more so than elsewhere online. They also show that changing the platform's algorithm substantially changes what people see and how they behave on
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considers the use of headlines to be the primary way sensationalism manifests in media, by creating teasers that use emotion to try and capture the attention of an audience even if the headline exaggerates or is otherwise misleading. In YouTube videos, the thumbnail image of a video can similarly
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The more modern forms of sensationalism developed in the course of the nineteenth century in parallel with the expansion of print culture in industrialized nations. A genre of
British literature, "sensation novels," became in the 1860s an example of how the publishing industry could capitalize on
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on social media, and legislation have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of algorithms and sensational media. When
American public television news came about in the mid-20th century it came about in part in response to the commercial news stations having sensationalized news prioritized
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With science news, the press release may be relied upon heavily, which can exaggerate or spin the findings. One theory for this practice, in addition to time constraints, is that journalists do not access academic articles as much since many are behind paywalls. One example of sensationalism in
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One of the most prominent and most covered news topics is crime being represented disproportionately to other social problems. Most often what is covered is the "accounts of the commission of crime and law-enforcement activities." A lesser amount but still significant level is given to court
1943:
When the goal is to attract young viewers, sensational and novel occurrences often drown out news of more significant that lacks excitement. For instance, a fairly typical newspaper such as the
Chicago Sun Times devotes nearly twenty times more space to sports than to news about the state's
970:, there will be instances where there is little news happening along with no developments in stories that are considered important and because of this they will need to fill the time by sharing a story that is less so about actual news and more intended to keep the audience's attention.
847:
In the late 1800s, falling costs in paper production and rising revenues in advertising in the U.S. led to a drastic rise in newspaper's circulation, which attracted the growing audiences that advertisers desired. One presumed goal of sensational reporting is to increase or sustain
1944:
government. Dramatic events, such as airline hijackings or serial murders, preempt more far-reaching consequential happenings. Preoccupation with a single striking event, such as the 2009 impeachment of
Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, can shortchange coverage of other news
923:
their respective algorithms are used to maximize advertising revenue by attracting and keeping the attention of users. This business model results in sensationalist content often being prioritized as algorithms often predict that it will get the highest amount of engagement.
801:
which required broadcasters when showing one partisan view to show another and in order to be a broadcaster one needed a license. In
Western Europe sensationalism in the news also increased after the liberalization of television networks in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
34:
Causes of death in the US vs media coverage. The percentage of media attention for terrorism, homicide or suicide is much greater than the percentage of deaths caused by it. There is a null in numerical data concerning deaths per day on various bars in media charts.
872:. Additionally, advertisers tend to have a preference for their products or services to be reported positively in mass media, which can contribute to bias in news reporting in favor of media outlets protecting their profits and revenues, rather than reporting
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the site — even if it didn't affect their beliefs during the three-month period researchers studied...'This is interesting, strong evidence that when it comes to politics, the algorithm is biased towards the extremes,' Edelson said. 'This is genuinely new.'
2038:
716:, and acting to obtain attention. Trivial information and events are sometimes misrepresented and exaggerated as important or significant, and often include stories about the actions of individuals and small groups of people, the
1133:
C.P. Chandrasekhar argues that news outlets are at a higher risk of releasing content that is false because of how quickly news is circulated through the internet in order to capitalize on those views and clicks for profit.
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about stated products and services. The more dependent news organizations are on advertising revenue a greater number of sensationalist news stories are produced is argued by Paul
Hendriks Vettehen and Mariska Kleemans in
1862:
1268:
as one possible solution to the sensationalism of traditional discourse on social media that has damaged democracies, citing the use of its algorithm to instead prioritize finding consensus.
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with it reaching the news media via press releases and a news conference getting widespread coverage despite the publication being flawed and the article later being debunked and retracted.
2240:
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can be exacerbated by the media environment and its incentives towards sensationalism. Algorithms that elevate senstional and inflammatory content across a range of platforms including
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When trying to cater to younger audiences, news stories that are more sensational and unusual will often drown out stories that may be considered less exciting but more significant. In
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Mihailidis, Paul; Viotty, Samantha (March 27, 2017). "Spreadable
Spectacle in Digital Culture: Civic Expression, Fake News, and the Role of Media Literacies in "Post-Fact" Society".
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The liberalization of West European television systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s is often linked to an increase of infotainment and sensationalism in television news coverage
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will give 20 times more space to sports in comparison to the state government. Covering singular news stories that are considered dramatic can lead to other stories being obscured.
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One feature of sensationalistic news is the intensification of language used in the article. The most common use of sensationalist language is in the headlines of news articles.
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to the truth of a story. Sensationalism may rely on reports about generally insignificant matters and portray them as a major influence on society, or biased presentations of
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In addition, the more news organizations are dependent on advertising revenues (commercial vs. public service stations), the more sensationalist news stories they produce
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In news markets where there is more competition the more likely a certain news outlet will be to produce sensationalist stories as a way to compete with other outlets.
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In the Soviet Union, strong censorship resulted in only "positive occurrences" being reported on, with the news looking significantly different than in the West.
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Federal Communications Commission of the 1949 so-called "Fairness Doctrine" which had required broadcasters to counter any partisan view with the opposite side
2478:
783:, to occupy them in other matters. Through sensationalism, he claims, the audience was further educated and encouraged to take more interest in the news.
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proceedings and the least related to corrections giving the public a limited understand of the criminal justice system and the social contexts of crime.
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760:, where official notices and announcements were presented daily on public message boards, the perceived content of which spread with enthusiasm in
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and platform incentives are needed to reduce modern sensationalism both online and among politicians reacting to those online incentives.
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Alberto Gabriele, ed. Sensationalism and the Genealogy of Modernity: a Global Nineteenth Century Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016
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1014:"Slam Journalism" is a term describing the rise of intense, emotionally charged language in headlines, notably the use of the word
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stories are selected and worded to excite the greatest number of readers and viewers. This style of news reporting encourages
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2033:"Language intensity as a sensationalistic news feature: The influence of style on sensationalism perceptions and effects"
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2326:"Scientific research in news media: a case study of misrepresentation, sensationalism and harmful recommendations"
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1215:, and others have received criticism as fueling division in society. This extends beyond sorting people into
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868:, in which editorial choices are based upon sensational stories and presentations to increase advertising
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Cory Booker suggests that news agencies simply " the language that resonates with their audience best."
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of which is often insignificant and irrelevant to the macro-level day-to-day events occurring globally.
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Vasu, Norman; Ang, Benjamin; Teo, Terri-Anne; Jayakumar, Shashi; Faizal, Muhammad; Ahuja, Juhi (2018).
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771:. According to Stephens, sensationalism brought the news to a new audience when it became aimed at the
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2359:"Bad science in the headlines. Who takes responsibility when science is distorted in the mass media?"
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Joe Sommerlad criticized algorithms used by Google News for not promoting more trustworthy sources.
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based on higher numbers of viewers and/or readers. Sometimes this can lead to a lesser focus on
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Nordenstreng, Kaarle; Björk, Ulf Jonas; Beyersdorf, Frank; Høyer, Svennik; Lauk, Epp (2015).
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Journalism Standards of Work Today: Using History to Create a New Code of Journalism Ethics
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In the United States, modern sensationalism in the news increased after the repeal of the
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to include radicalization by showing more extreme content in order to boost engagement.
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2479:"New study shows just how Facebook's algorithm shapes conservative and liberal bubbles"
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A History of the International Movement of Journalists: Professionalism Versus Politics
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1989:"Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video"
1814:"Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video"
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no dramatic or sensationalism news: no accidents, no murder, adulteries or corruptions
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1425:(June 22, 1999). "The Media and Modernity". In Mackay, Hugh; O'Sullivan, Tim (eds.).
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Below are examples of such headlines, with the intense language highlighted in bold.
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Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video
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Biden For Recalling ‘Civil’ Relationship With Segregationists” NPR on June 19, 2019
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societies. Sensationalism was used in books of the 16th and 17th century, to teach
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NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION
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NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION
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of events, whereas newspaper writers can always recall what they did not witness.
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Chandrasekhar, C.P. (2013). "The Business of News in the Age of the Internet".
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1632:"Sensationalism in news coverage: A comparative study in 14 television systems"
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Brooks, Brian S.; Pinson, James L. (2022). "Journalisms Credibility Problems".
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1130:" online thanks to algorithms replacing traditional gatekeepers of journalism.
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is sometimes used by media outlets as well to gain attention to their content.
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Such sensationalist cartoons were used to support American intervention in the
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Jerry Falwell Jr. in debate over CPAC comments" Fox News on March 5, 2019
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2461:"Facebook Disputes Claims It Fuels Political Polarization And Extremism"
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Dempster, Georgia; Sutherland, Georgina; Keogh, Louise (March 7, 2022).
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Reading Popular Culture in Victorian Print: Belgravia and Sensationalism
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2693:"How Taiwan's 'civic hackers' helped find a new way to run the country"
2015:
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1766:"Sensationalism, Newspaper Profits and the Marginal Value of Watergate"
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style of many news programs on radio and television. According to
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1398:(3 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 55–57.
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Arbaoui, Bouchra; Swert, Knut De; Brug, Wouter van der (2020).
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Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research
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3839:
2657:"How Taiwan's Unlikely Digital Minister Hacked the Pandemic"
3721:
1863:"Watergate scandal changed the political landscape forever"
666:
557:
257:
60:
1038:
2502:"Social media is making a bad political situation worse"
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or readership, from which media outlets can price their
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manner, contrary to general assumptions of professional
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or emotionally loaded impressions of events rather than
2323:
1739:
1737:
2300:. University of North Carolina Wilmington. p. 10
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Zeynep Tufecki argues that it's easier to shift the "
2723:
1668:– via UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository).
1605:
Fairness Doctrine: History and Constitutional Issues
1281:, the study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt
2524:
2030:Burgers, Christian; de Graaf, Anneke (2013-01-29).
1987:Vettehen, Paul Hendriks; Kleemans, Mariska (2017).
1887:
Counting: How We Use Numbers to Decide What Matters
1812:Vettehen, Paul Hendriks; Kleemans, Mariska (2017).
1734:
2531:Fake News: National Security in the Post-Truth Era
2241:"This is how Google News decides what to show you"
2031:
1683:
1611:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
1037:Russia Investigation And Green New Deal At CPAC,"
775:, who had less of a need to accurately understand
2171:"Opinion | Adventures in the Trump Twittersphere"
1190:Political polarization and democratic backsliding
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2605:. Vol. 6. SAGE Publications. p. 1155.
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1986:
1811:
1629:
1501:, New York and London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009
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946:and Johanna Dunaway give the example of how the
696:Some tactics include being deliberately obtuse,
2549:
2437:"Social media is rotting democracy from within"
2029:
1690:The International Encyclopedia of Communication
1577:(Ebook) (12th ed.). Taylor & Francis.
1427:The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation
1160:
1692:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,
1226:
1145:
4374:
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2755:
2535:S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies
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2138:. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. p. 120.
1917:
1574:The Art of Editing: In the Age of Convergence
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981:
630:
1659:11245.1/1660da89-6b97-44fe-a18a-baef4e7f1a35
1570:
1107:
896:Sensationalism has also been blamed for the
4872:Political polarization in the United States
4388:
1918:Graber, Doris A.; Dunaway, Johanna (2017).
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1757:
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27:Type of editorial tactic used in mass media
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1959:Television News and the 24-Hour News Cycle
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4925:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
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2014:
2004:
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889:regardless of their importance, with the
750:notes sensationalism can be found in the
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1421:
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29:
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2274:University of North Carolina Wilmington
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1645:(2). University of Amsterdam: 299–300.
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837:! And Don't Forget the Starving Cubans!
14:
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3374:
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2625:
2527:"International Responses to Fake News"
2405:
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1343:
1341:
4967:Psychological effects of Internet use
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2743:
2499:
2356:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2106:"Blog: The Rise of "Slam" Journalism"
2099:
2097:
2095:
2073:
2071:
2069:
1955:
1883:
1602:Ruane, Kathleen Ann (July 13, 2011).
1601:
1483:"Issue Area: Narrow Range of Debate."
816:
2078:Vanacore, Ryan (November 12, 2021).
1800:Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting
1747:Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting
1729:Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting
1486:Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting
1184:link between MMR vaccines and autism
831:American cartoon published in 1898,
805:
4942:Digital media use and mental health
2681:
2648:
2493:
2399:
1744:"Issue Area: Advertiser Influence."
1338:
1253:above that of "serious reporting".
955:
24:
2619:
2312:
2232:
2159:
2104:Foster, Corbin (October 4, 2019).
2092:
2066:
1861:Finney, Daniel P. (16 June 2012).
1784:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1987.tb00728.x
1540:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 28.
1354:Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting
25:
5076:
4947:Effects of violence in mass media
4651:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
2769:
2655:Leonard, Andrew (July 30, 2020).
2599:Sterling, Christopher H. (2009).
1682:Kaplan, Richard L. (2008-06-05),
799:Federal Communications Commission
4920:2021 Facebook company files leak
4646:Mobile phones and driving safety
3258:Concentration of media ownership
2726:
2330:Journal of Science Communication
1921:Mass Media and American Politics
1081:
940:Mass Media and American Politics
599:
49:
4892:2020 U.S. presidential election
4887:2016 U.S. presidential election
4011:Party platforms (or manifestos)
2592:
2518:
2471:
2453:
2428:
2357:Moore, Andrew (December 2006).
2350:
2284:
2257:
2195:
2125:
2023:
1980:
1949:
1911:
1877:
1805:
1698:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecy001
1675:
1623:
1595:
1564:
911:On web-based platforms such as
2435:Beauchamp, Zack (2019-01-22).
1527:
1511:
1491:
1443:
1172:science news was in 1998 when
973:
13:
1:
4463:Betteridge's law of headlines
2626:Ovadya, Aviv (May 17, 2022).
2558:American Behavioral Scientist
2406:Ovadya, Aviv (May 17, 2022).
2291:Chagnon, Nicholas J. (2010).
2239:Sommerlad, Joe (2018-06-18).
1726:"What's Wrong With The News?"
1332:
1070:Betteridge's law of headlines
1059:
665:tactic. Events and topics in
588:Pundit / commentator
4977:Social aspects of television
4877:Social media use in politics
4527:Missing white woman syndrome
4099:Rally 'round the flag effect
2132:Banning, Stephen A. (2020).
1349:"Issue Area: Sensationalism"
1161:Exaggeration of science news
1088:Missing white woman syndrome
126:Index of journalism articles
7:
4488:Least objectionable program
1764:McChesney, Fred S. (1987).
1271:
1227:Responses to sensationalism
1167:Science by press conference
1146:Overrepresentation of crime
992:
10:
5081:
4823:Algorithmic radicalization
2602:Encyclopedia of Journalism
2500:Molla, Rani (2020-11-10).
1941:– via Google Books.
1587:– via Google Books.
1557:– via Google Books.
1230:
1193:
1164:
1149:
1111:
1085:
1063:
996:
985:
982:Features of sensationalism
959:
934:Man bites dog (journalism)
931:
820:
809:
727:
723:
4937:Cultural impact of TikTok
4902:
4808:
4723:
4567:
4455:
4400:
4293:
4238:
4170:
4112:
4044:
3961:
3878:
3830:
3720:
3631:
3558:
3448:
3440:Manipulation (psychology)
3382:
3301:
3245:
3207:
3129:
3078:
3043:
2987:
2944:
2937:
2901:
2853:
2777:
2615:– via Google Books.
2155:– via Google Books.
2080:"Sensationalism in Media"
1976:– via Google Books.
1907:– via Google Books.
1797:"Issue Area: Censorship."
1429:. Sage Publications Ltd.
1237:List of journalism awards
1108:Impacts of sensationalism
902:sociologist John Thompson
856:higher to increase their
841:Cuban War of Independence
685:topics, in a trivial, or
611:Category: Journalism
5009:Violence and video games
4987:Social impact of YouTube
4867:Knowledge gap hypothesis
4790:Social-desirability bias
4688:Information–action ratio
3618:Criticism of advertising
3334:Society of the Spectacle
2628:"Bridging-Based Ranking"
2570:10.1177/0002764217701217
2408:"Bridging-Based Ranking"
2375:10.1038/sj.embor.7400862
2052:10.1515/commun-2013-0010
2006:10.1177/1931243117739947
1831:10.1177/1931243117739947
1651:10.1177/0093650216663364
5045:News media manipulation
5035:Influence of mass media
5030:Criticism of journalism
4962:Mass shooting contagion
4415:Evolutionary psychology
4280:Promotional merchandise
3991:Character assassination
3928:Narcotizing dysfunction
3802:Photograph manipulation
3515:Guerrilla communication
3215:Influence of mass media
3020:Narcotizing dysfunction
1956:Thiel, Kristin (2018).
1884:Stone, Deborah (2020).
1316:Salience (neuroscience)
928:Novelty and unusualness
548:Journalists (reporters)
4952:Fascination with death
4815:Political polarization
4743:Availability heuristic
4708:Television consumption
4263:Product demonstrations
3692:Historical negationism
2876:Freedom of information
1639:Communication Research
1205:democratic backsliding
1201:Political polarization
844:
691:journalistic standards
116:Editorial independence
36:
4915:Criticism of Facebook
4795:Social influence bias
4683:Information pollution
4673:Information explosion
4656:Texting while driving
4612:Low information voter
4510:Pink-slime journalism
4195:Reputation management
4114:Psychological warfare
3963:Political campaigning
3772:Firehose of falsehood
3263:Exploitation of women
1924:. SAGE Publications.
1802:. Accessed June 2011.
1749:. Accessed June 2011.
1731:. Accessed June 2011.
1488:. Accessed June 2011.
1473:. Accessed June 2011.
1455:. Accessed June 2011.
1256:Some have argued tha
1176:published a study in
830:
698:appealing to emotions
606:Journalism portal
469:Pink-slime journalism
454:Horse race journalism
33:
4932:Criticism of Netflix
4738:Availability cascade
4678:Information overload
4587:Attention management
4582:Attention inequality
4478:Human-interest story
4420:Behavioral modernity
4405:Cognitive psychology
4230:Corporate propaganda
1453:Webster's Dictionary
1258:different algorithms
1233:Nonprofit journalism
1141:Distortion of events
862:objective journalism
444:Freedom of the press
4845:Post-truth politics
4775:Mean world syndrome
4318:Media concentration
4190:Non-apology apology
4180:Cult of personality
3908:Emotive conjugation
3662:Burying of scholars
3309:Advanced capitalism
2995:Cult of personality
2909:Advanced capitalism
2637:. pp. 1, 14–28
2343:10.22323/2.21010206
2276:. 2010. p. 1.
1873:on 8 November 2019.
1685:"Yellow Journalism"
1471:The Free Dictionary
1122:Mean world syndrome
1078:mislead audiences.
506:Newspaper of record
5060:Popular psychology
4663:Influence-for-hire
4641:Media multitasking
4636:Human multitasking
4554:Tabloid television
4505:Media manipulation
4301:Influence-for-hire
4094:National mythology
4064:Crowd manipulation
3953:Tabloid journalism
3822:Video manipulation
3767:Fictitious entries
3490:Civil disobedience
3376:Media manipulation
3230:Semiotic democracy
3154:Civil disobedience
3066:Media manipulation
3056:Crowd manipulation
2979:Tabloid journalism
2893:Media transparency
2871:Media independence
2785:24-hour news cycle
2634:Harvard University
2537:. pp. 18–25.
2414:Harvard University
2175:The New York Times
1497:Alberto Gabriele,
1390:Stephens, Mitchell
1361:on 5 February 2012
1305:Media manipulation
1250:content moderation
968:24-hour news cycle
845:
823:Succès de scandale
817:The role of profit
812:Tabloid journalism
677:, and may cause a
37:
5040:Mass media issues
5017:
5016:
4840:Fake news website
4800:Spiral of silence
4753:Confirmation bias
4577:Attention economy
4559:Yellow journalism
4447:Social psychology
4356:
4355:
4122:Airborne leaflets
4001:Election promises
3855:Product placement
3730:Alternative facts
3470:Alternative media
3342:
3341:
3268:Freedom of speech
3086:Theodor W. Adorno
3074:
3073:
3061:Managing the news
2881:Freedom of speech
2861:Media development
2825:News broadcasting
2805:Independent media
2790:Alternative media
2734:Journalism portal
2632:Belfer Center at
2612:978-0-7619-2957-4
2485:. July 27, 2023.
2412:Belfer Center at
2369:(12): 1193–1196.
2085:Reporter Magazine
1707:978-1-4051-8640-7
1584:978-1-000-52998-2
1523:978-1-137-60128-5
1507:978-0-230-61521-2
1468:"Sensationalism."
1450:"Sensationalism."
1436:978-0-7619-6250-2
1405:978-0-19-518991-9
1395:A History of News
1285:Exploitation film
1003:Spin (propaganda)
949:Chicago Sun Times
886:Watergate scandal
806:Underlying causes
795:Fairness Doctrine
748:Mitchell Stephens
744:A History of News
734:Yellow journalism
712:, being loud and
647:
646:
532:Alternative media
484:Yellow journalism
121:Journalism school
16:(Redirected from
5072:
5065:Social influence
4862:Knowledge divide
4758:Crowd psychology
4748:Bandwagon effect
4520:Public relations
4437:Media psychology
4383:
4376:
4369:
4360:
4359:
4348:Media proprietor
4172:Public relations
4152:Public diplomacy
4137:Information (IT)
4016:Name recognition
3641:Media regulation
3623:Annoyance factor
3480:Call-out culture
3395:Crowd psychology
3369:
3362:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3314:Culture industry
3283:Social influence
3236:The Lonely Crowd
3179:Political satire
3144:Call-out culture
3121:Jacques Rancière
3116:Marshall McLuhan
3091:Jean Baudrillard
3035:Viral phenomenon
2969:Public relations
2942:
2941:
2815:Mainstream media
2800:Electronic media
2764:
2757:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2467:. April 1, 2021.
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2321:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2205:Social Scientist
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2101:
2090:
2089:
2075:
2064:
2063:
2035:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2008:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1964:Cavendish Square
1953:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1869:. Archived from
1858:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1771:Economic Inquiry
1761:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1636:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1531:
1525:
1515:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1386:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1357:. Archived from
1345:
1310:Propaganda model
1174:Andrew Wakefield
1041:on March 2, 2019
988:Viral phenomenon
956:Time constraints
906:unpredictability
704:, intentionally
639:
632:
625:
604:
603:
602:
479:Propaganda model
474:Public relations
53:
39:
38:
21:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5013:
4898:
4813:
4804:
4780:Negativity bias
4728:
4719:
4607:Cognitive miser
4563:
4456:Media practices
4451:
4396:
4387:
4357:
4352:
4343:Media influence
4338:Media franchise
4323:Media democracy
4289:
4234:
4166:
4108:
4089:Loaded language
4040:
3957:
3874:
3826:
3716:
3645:
3627:
3554:
3495:Culture jamming
3444:
3378:
3373:
3343:
3338:
3324:Media franchise
3297:
3241:
3203:
3159:Culture jamming
3125:
3111:Walter Lippmann
3070:
3039:
2983:
2933:
2897:
2888:Media pluralism
2849:
2773:
2768:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2707:
2686:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2638:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2554:
2550:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2494:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2404:
2400:
2355:
2351:
2322:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2249:
2247:
2245:The Independent
2237:
2233:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2167:Tufekci, Zeynep
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2102:
2093:
2076:
2067:
2028:
2024:
1993:Electronic News
1985:
1981:
1974:
1954:
1950:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1859:
1852:
1818:Electronic News
1810:
1806:
1795:
1791:
1762:
1753:
1742:
1735:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1680:
1676:
1663:
1661:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1585:
1569:
1565:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1532:
1528:
1516:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1481:
1477:
1466:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1387:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1312:, in mass media
1274:
1239:
1229:
1198:
1192:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1124:
1110:
1098:
1092:Culture of fear
1084:
1072:
1062:
1051:"Ocasio-Cortez
1009:
999:Loaded language
995:
990:
984:
976:
964:
958:
944:Doris A. Graber
936:
930:
825:
819:
814:
808:
797:in 1987 by the
740:
730:Jazz journalism
726:
643:
600:
598:
378:Photojournalism
247:Interventionism
28:
23:
22:
18:Sensationalized
15:
12:
11:
5:
5078:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5050:Public opinion
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4903:Related topics
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4819:
4817:
4810:Digital divide
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4725:Cognitive bias
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4715:Sticky content
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4703:Binge-watching
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4619:Digital zombie
4616:
4615:
4614:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4592:Attention span
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4537:Sensationalism
4534:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4502:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4483:Junk food news
4480:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4386:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Understatement
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4084:Indoctrination
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:Disinformation
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4031:Smear campaign
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3948:Sensationalism
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:Agenda-setting
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3762:False document
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:Catch and kill
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Demonstrations
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:Cancel culture
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3149:Cancel culture
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3131:Counterculture
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Edward Bernays
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3051:Catch and kill
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3030:Sensationalism
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Bipartisanship
2916:
2914:American Dream
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2691:(2020-09-27).
2680:
2647:
2618:
2611:
2591:
2564:(4): 441–454.
2548:
2517:
2492:
2470:
2452:
2427:
2398:
2349:
2311:
2283:
2256:
2231:
2212:(5/6): 25–39.
2194:
2169:(2016-03-31).
2158:
2144:
2124:
2091:
2065:
2022:
1979:
1972:
1966:. p. 30.
1948:
1930:
1910:
1896:
1876:
1850:
1804:
1789:
1751:
1733:
1718:
1706:
1674:
1622:
1594:
1583:
1563:
1546:
1526:
1510:
1490:
1475:
1457:
1442:
1435:
1423:Thompson, John
1411:
1404:
1372:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1295:Junk food news
1292:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1262:Andrew Leonard
1246:media literacy
1228:
1225:
1221:filter bubbles
1196:Trial by media
1191:
1188:
1162:
1159:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1128:Overton window
1109:
1106:
1083:
1080:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1024:data scientist
994:
991:
983:
980:
975:
972:
957:
954:
929:
926:
891:suffix "-gate"
864:in favor of a
818:
815:
807:
804:
725:
722:
706:omitting facts
659:sensationalism
645:
644:
642:
641:
634:
627:
619:
616:
615:
614:
613:
608:
593:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
578:News presenter
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
542:
541:
537:
536:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
496:
495:
489:
488:
487:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
423:
422:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
358:New Journalism
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
328:Human-interest
325:
320:
315:
310:
308:Digital/Online
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
240:
232:
231:
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
136:
135:
131:
130:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
111:Sensationalism
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
80:code of ethics
73:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5077:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4910:Computer rage
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4882:United States
4880:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4857:Filter bubble
4855:
4851:
4850:United States
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4785:Peer pressure
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4631:Doomscrolling
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Media studies
4440:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4394:human factors
4391:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Media ecology
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4311:United States
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4285:Telemarketing
4283:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:Fearmongering
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:False balance
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3870:Word of mouth
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:Broadcast law
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Deplatforming
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:False balance
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Mediatization
3223:
3221:
3220:Media studies
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3199:Strike action
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Demonstration
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2929:Pensée unique
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Digital media
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:Media culture
2765:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2735:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2544:
2543:resrep17648.8
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2147:
2145:9781527559028
2141:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1973:9781502634931
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1933:
1931:9781506340241
1927:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1899:
1897:9781631495939
1893:
1890:. Liveright.
1889:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1778:(1): 135–44.
1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1671:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1549:
1547:9781137530554
1543:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1326:Tuchman's Law
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
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711:
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573:Meteorologist
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527:News agencies
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434:Fourth Estate
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421:Social impact
420:
419:
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383:Press release
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64:
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4992:Technophilia
4835:Echo chamber
4693:Rage farming
4536:
4473:Infotainment
4333:Media ethics
4253:Door-to-door
4248:Cold calling
4225:Weasel words
4132:Fifth column
4026:Push polling
3976:Astroturfing
3947:
3938:Pseudo-event
3918:Infotainment
3893:Broadcasting
3812:Urban legend
3735:April Fools'
3608:Testimonials
3578:Infomercials
3405:Dumbing down
3329:Post-Fordism
3319:Mass society
3288:Transparency
3234:
3101:Noam Chomsky
3079:Philosophers
3029:
3025:Recuperation
3010:Media circus
3000:Dumbing down
2866:Media policy
2840:Social media
2708:. Retrieved
2697:The Guardian
2696:
2689:Miller, Carl
2683:
2672:. Retrieved
2660:
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2631:
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2440:
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2419:. Retrieved
2417:. p. 21
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2363:EMBO Reports
2362:
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2293:
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2248:. Retrieved
2244:
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2186:. Retrieved
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2134:
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2115:. Retrieved
2109:
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2037:
2025:
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1982:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1935:. Retrieved
1920:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1886:
1879:
1871:the original
1866:
1845:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1792:
1775:
1769:
1721:
1711:, retrieved
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1662:. Retrieved
1642:
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1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1604:
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1551:. Retrieved
1536:
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1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1352:
1300:Media circus
1290:Infotainment
1255:
1240:
1209:social media
1199:
1177:
1170:
1155:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1099:
1096:Outrage porn
1075:David Berube
1073:
1052:
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1028:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1007:Dumbing down
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898:infotainment
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785:
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679:manipulation
658:
648:
583:Photographer
517:TV and radio
449:Infotainment
439:Fifth Estate
338:Interpretive
288:Comics-based
110:
4768:Moral panic
4698:Screen time
4532:News values
4468:Gatekeeping
4410:Externality
4205:Sound bites
4185:Doublespeak
4036:Wedge issue
3996:Dog whistle
3971:Advertising
3797:Lying press
3782:Gaslighting
3560:Advertising
3535:Occupations
3425:Obfuscation
3415:Half-truths
3208:In academia
3194:Review bomb
3015:Media event
2952:Advertising
2924:Consumerism
2845:State media
2117:January 26,
2016:2066/191971
1841:2066/191971
1118:Moral panic
1100:The use of
1044:“Democrats
974:Competition
874:objectively
854:advertising
773:lower class
757:Acta Diurna
710:information
568:Copy editor
398:Underground
313:Explanatory
238:Adversarial
207:Video games
162:Environment
101:Attribution
96:News values
91:Objectivity
5055:Popularity
5024:Categories
4982:Social bot
4972:Sealioning
4730:Conformity
4515:Propaganda
4500:Media bias
4493:Soft media
4306:Media bias
4162:Subversion
4127:False flag
4104:Techniques
4046:Propaganda
4006:Lawn signs
3986:Canvassing
3880:News media
3636:Censorship
3568:Billboards
3520:Hacktivism
3510:Grassroots
3435:Persuasion
3273:Media bias
3174:Occupation
3106:Guy Debord
2988:Techniques
2957:Propaganda
2854:Principles
2830:News media
2810:Mass media
2710:2024-02-27
2674:2024-05-04
2641:2024-07-17
2511:2024-07-15
2446:2024-07-14
2421:2024-07-17
2336:(1): A06.
2250:2020-03-11
2188:2021-04-01
1999:(2): 114.
1824:(2): 114.
1713:2021-03-31
1333:References
1321:Sound bite
1279:Agnotology
1264:describes
1244:websites,
1231:See also:
1194:See also:
1182:showing a
1179:The Lancet
1165:See also:
1150:See also:
1112:See also:
1086:See also:
1064:See also:
1060:The teaser
1020:criticize.
997:See also:
986:See also:
962:CNN effect
960:See also:
932:See also:
850:viewership
821:See also:
810:See also:
762:illiterate
728:See also:
683:newsworthy
675:neutrality
655:mass media
651:journalism
502:Newspapers
493:News media
459:Media bias
363:Non-profit
348:Multimedia
268:Churnalism
197:Technology
106:Defamation
43:Journalism
4668:Infodemic
4602:Clickbait
4569:Attention
4425:Cognition
4268:Promotion
4147:Political
4054:Bandwagon
3981:Attack ad
3860:Publicity
3832:Marketing
3745:Fake news
3707:Religious
3702:Political
3682:Euphemism
3677:Cover-ups
3672:Corporate
3540:Petitions
3430:Orwellian
3400:Deception
3253:Anonymity
2962:Fake news
2938:Deception
2835:Old media
2820:New media
2705:0261-3077
2669:1059-1028
2586:151950124
2578:0002-7642
2304:March 10,
2218:0970-0293
2183:0362-4331
2151:April 10,
2060:1613-4087
1903:April 10,
1867:USA Today
1664:March 18,
1615:April 19,
1553:April 19,
1248:, better
1114:Fake news
1066:Clickbait
663:editorial
553:Columnist
512:Magazines
429:Fake news
353:Narrative
333:Immersion
293:Community
263:Broadcast
4997:Neophile
4624:Phubbing
4542:Hot take
4430:Mismatch
4215:Transfer
4157:Sedition
4021:Negative
3933:Newspeak
3923:Managing
3865:Research
3840:Branding
3792:Literary
3757:Fakelore
3750:websites
3740:Deepfake
3697:Internet
3588:Modeling
3545:Protests
3525:Internet
3458:Advocacy
3450:Activism
3302:Synonyms
3293:Violence
3169:Graffiti
2902:Ideology
2393:17139292
2226:23611116
1937:March 8,
1392:(2007).
1272:See also
1018:to mean
993:Language
913:Facebook
779:and the
777:politics
754:gazette
700:, being
522:Internet
413:Watchdog
303:Database
258:Blogging
253:Analytic
243:Advocacy
182:Politics
172:Medicine
147:Business
4957:Griefer
4763:Mobbing
4597:Chumbox
4549:Spiking
4294:Related
4273:Spaving
4258:Pricing
4200:Slogans
4142:Lawfare
4079:Framing
4059:Big lie
3850:Product
3845:Loyalty
3777:Forgery
3722:Hoaxing
3603:Slogans
3583:Mobiles
3475:Boycott
3383:Context
3278:Privacy
3184:Protest
3139:Boycott
3005:Framing
2384:1794697
1365:21 June
1033:“Trump
921:YouTube
870:revenue
858:profits
781:economy
769:lessons
724:History
718:content
687:tabloid
558:Blogger
393:Tabloid
368:Opinion
273:Citizen
217:Weather
202:Traffic
187:Science
167:Fashion
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736:, and
671:biased
563:Editor
408:Visual
388:Sensor
230:Genres
192:Sports
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4828:Youth
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3943:Scrum
3903:Cycle
3817:Virus
3687:Films
3652:Books
3593:Radio
3573:False
3550:Youth
3530:Media
3463:group
3420:Media
2945:Forms
2778:Media
2661:Wired
2582:S2CID
2539:JSTOR
2298:(PDF)
2270:(PDF)
2222:JSTOR
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1635:(PDF)
1609:(PDF)
1053:slams
1046:Blast
1035:Slams
966:In a
835:Maine
766:moral
540:Roles
403:Video
373:Peace
323:Gonzo
278:Civic
222:World
177:Music
134:Areas
4392:and
4210:Spin
3787:List
3712:Self
3390:Bias
3189:Punk
2974:Spin
2701:ISSN
2665:ISSN
2607:ISBN
2574:ISSN
2389:PMID
2306:2024
2214:ISSN
2179:ISSN
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2140:ISBN
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2056:ISSN
1968:ISBN
1939:2024
1926:ISBN
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1892:ISBN
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1400:ISBN
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1235:and
1219:and
1203:and
1068:and
1022:The
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708:and
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653:and
298:Data
152:Data
142:Arts
61:News
3598:Sex
2566:doi
2506:Vox
2483:NPR
2465:NPR
2441:Vox
2379:PMC
2371:doi
2338:doi
2048:doi
2011:hdl
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