778:
as someone not of "the soul not of a politician but of a trade unionist". This is seen as a part of returning to the 'old tradition' of
Samoobrona, given how the original party emerged as a trade union known for its radical agrarianism as well as infamous farmer protests. Between the 1997 and 2001 elections, Samoobrona became an iconic trade union that organized mostly at the local level and promoted grassroots activism and recruited new members. Lepper also touted his image as a revolutionary peasant leader, winning the support of socialist and nostalgic voters given his record - Lepper did not participate in the anti-communist Solidarity movement, and never took part in any protest against the communist regime. Samoobrona largely abandoned its trade union roots in favour of becoming a stabilized political party in 2001, and its "volunteer unionists were brutally turned into salaried politicians".
630:, the party did not run. The party extended its cooperation with agrarian trade unions in 2015, organizing the congress of Farmers and Agricultural Organisations at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The congress was attended by around 300 farmers, and several road blockades by agrarian activists were subsequently planned and carried out. SO demanded financial compensation to farmers by the government due to declining prices, compensation for crops destroyed by wild boards, as well as speeding up the payment of EU subsidies. Political commentators focused on the emergence of Stanisław Izdebski as a prominent figure within the party, portraying him as "growing into a Lepper".
842:. According to political scientist Madalena Resenda, "Samoobrona’s ethos was based on an extreme interpretation of class", describing the party as based on a radical conception of economic class and representing those disadvantages by transition into capitalism, classifying Samoobrona as an extreme-left party. Self-Defence Rebirth argued that poor farmers have no representation in Poland at all. The party contrasted them to rich farmers, which are able to push through their demands by lobbying and well-funded protests. The party also strongly opposes capitalism and free market, stating that it is impossible to guarantee the welfare of farmers in a market economy.
702:, and Izdebski's trade union also voted in favour of joining the protests. Izdebski criticized individual farmer groups that signed an agreement with the government, arguing that the agreements signed are worthless and do not take into account most of the problems that forced the farmers to protest in the first place. Izdebski demanded that the EU-imposed restrictions on fur farming be lifted, along with special subsidies to farmers. The demands of Self-Defence Rebirth farmers also included protectionist measures against the Ukrainian grain.
711:
793:. The party wants to restore state monopolies on most industries, especially the ones considered most strategic, including the defence industry, rail networks and telecommunications, and advocates for strict regulations on the financial and banking sectors. According to the party, money would be produced according to the need and prices of basic commodities would be heavily regulated. The role of the state is to intervene in order to keep commodity and energy prices low.
462:. It was attended by around 100 people - expelled by Lepper from the party and in conflict with the authorities of Samoobrona. Those taking part in the convention, in accordance with the new party's statute, democratically elected the authorities of Self-Defence Social Movement, with Sławomir Izdebski as chairman, former senator Henryk Dzido, former Samoobrona MP Tadeusz Wojtkowiak and Zbigniew Łuczak as vice-chairmen, former MP Zbigniew Witaszek became the treasurer.
2019:
751:. This is in contrast to the original Samoobrona party, which would gradually transform itself from a traditional protest party to a "stabilised left-wing party", drifing closer to the mainstream post-communist left-wing parties. According to Piotr Długosz, Self-Defence Rebirth promotes a new kind of a socialist system based on agrarian and socialist ideals, while the Samoobrona itself focused made appeals to the
603:
protectionist measures that would allow the local mining industry to develop instead of importing coal from the East. SO continued the tradition of organizing prominent farmer protests - an action that original
Samoobrona became infamous for in the 1990s. The party condemned fellow trade unionists that decided to negotiate with the government, and continued 2011 protests in order to extract further concessions.
774:, provoked an outrage in the Samoobrona party, as the majority of party members self-identified as left-wing and considered this union unthinkable. Upon founding Self-Defence Rebirth, Henryk Dzido emphasised that he intended the new party to be more "as left-wing as Samoobrona was when we founded it", reflecting the view that original Samoobrona had drifted away from its left-wing roots.
450:
of the victims to the party's electoral list trading, as it was demanded of him to be included in the list only to be excluded when someone paid more for his place. The existence of numerous irregularities within the party was to be confirmed by further reports of breaches of the law by Lepper and his associates; on the eve of the conclusion of the coalition agreement with the
419:) in Self-Defence became notorious in late 2006, when several MPs left the Samoobrona parliamentary club. The party then announced the "launch" of promissory notes against the defectors, which the MPs had signed before the election. This obliged the defectors to pay compensation to the party, which often amounted to several hundred thousand PLN.
563:
movement after the death of its leader - in an interview, Henryk Dzido stated that many sympathizers of
Samoobrona became active after Lepper's and were interested in making it a political force again. SO stated its belief that while Polish political scene was becoming consolidated between two major parties (right-wing
607:
committee called "Self-Defence ONP-LP". However, the planned coalition was cancelled a few days later because the activists of Polish
Independence Assembly and the Organisation of the Polish Nation - Polish League withdrew from coalition-talks. As such, the electoral committee "Self-Defence ONP-LP" was annulled.
675:). SO stated that it will continue to defend the interests of Polish farmers and trade unions. Izdeski also formed three main demands to parties competing in the election, which included less predatory credits for farmers, more accessible building credits and construction of additional agrarian warehouses.
667:. Izbedski declared that "no one has ever before in history humiliated Polish farmers in the way that Michał Kołodziejczak has done", and invited AGROunia members to join Self-Defence Rebirth and the adjacent rural trade union All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions of Farmers and Agricultural Organisations (
800:
economy that would promote a closer relationship with the environment, humane treatment of animals and replacing big farms with small, family-owned ones. Similarly to the original party, Self-Defence
Rebirth promotes the concepts of "econology" and "eco-development", based on a "a new way of thinking
777:
One of the main issues that differentiates Self-Defence
Rebirth from post-2001 Samoobrona is its dedication to trade unions, focusing less on political campaigning and program in favour of promoting and organizing the labour movement. The current leader of the party, Sławomir Izdebski, was described
598:
party, although Dzido emphasised that the program of Self-Defence
Rebirth was "modified according to the times". The party released a statement stating that only grassroots support and local structures will allow the Samoobrona movement to enter politics again, and that Self-Defence Rebirth wants to
562:
in 2011, Henryk Dzido decided to relaunch
Samoobrona Odrodzenie. An application for party registration was submitted in 2012, and as a result of a court order of 10 January 2013, the party was again listed in the register of political parties. The party tried to re-organize and revive the Samoobrona
550:
Following the suicide of
Andrzej Lepper in 2011, Self-Defence Rebirth under the leadership of Henryk Dzido sought to revitalise the Samoobrona movement by uniting various minor fractured parties and movements under the single banner of Self-Defence Rebirth. Dzido was considered a conciliatory figure
854:
in favour of materialism and a "financial empire" instead, with Lepper going as far as claiming that "they value money more than God". Self-Defence
Rebirth offered a different view, declaring itself as a party staunchly committed to Catholic values; the party was described as deeply religious while
781:
The party is critical of neo-liberal policies and argues that neoliberalism brought Poland to the brink of a collapse on an economic, social and moral scale. Running on a staunchly anti-establishment platform, Self-Defence Rebirth argues that large corporations "mercilessly exploit" Polish workers,
731:
While the program of Self-Defence Rebirth is identical to the one of the Samoobrona party from the 1990s, the nature of the movement is different as it represents only some factions within the original party. Self-Defence Rebirth came from a faction of Samoobrona known as the Social Movement, which
449:
Soon, the problem of SRP's electoral lists turned into a scandal, as it was alleged that Lepper promised places on electoral lists and would exclude those who did not have enough money; this turned into a practice of candidates buying positions on the party's list. Izdebski declared that he was one
355:
The main goal of Self-Defence Rebirth to unite all movements that have distanced themselves from Lepper's party but are still based on the Samoobrona party. According to its founder Henryk Dzido, Self-Defence Rebirth is strictly left-wing and aspired to follow the original program of the Samoobrona
849:
on one hand but making appeals to freedom of religions on the other. Andrzej Lepper argued that the disputes between the world of politics and the hierarchy were of a substitute nature and should not constitute the essence of the public debate. At the same time, the party condemned the attitute of
762:
partie such as "Polska Racja Stanu" and "Samorządna Polska". The party supported a civic initiative that called for the Sejm of Poland to grant Jesus Christ a special title in Poland; the party also called for a restoration of the 1919 Polish coat of arms, which it defined as "a white eagle with a
602:
In 2011, the party became active in regional farmer councils, with party members such as Stanisław Izdebski becoming members of the Council of the Chamber of Agriculture in Siedlce. The party also reached out to Polish miners, considering them fellow allies of the agrarian movement and calling for
678:
The party formulated "The Farmers' Twelve Points" for the 2023 election in cooperation with representatives of agrarian trade unions. The points included long-term loans for farmers, land-leasing, increased investment in animal husbandry research and reduced imports of agricultural products from
718:
Self-Defence Rebirth by and large follows the ideology of its original party, Samoobrona. The party utilises left-wing populist and anti-establishment rhetoric. Henryk Dzido stated: "The privateness that appeared in Samoobrona, the issue of pathology, corruption, are all alien to us". The party
606:
In 2014, Self-Defence Rebirth accepted the invitation of Samoobrona's leader Lech Kuropatwiński, with the goal of the meeting being stated as "unity in the local government elections as well as in post-election activities". As a result of the meeting, the two parties agreed on a joint election
599:
dedicate itself to building "a solid and stable membership base". Regardings its ideology, Self-Defence Rebirth announced a return "to the best traditions of Samoobrona RP", although the party also stated that it wants to abandon the common image of Self-Defence as a protest party.
823:). The new coalition included community activists, organisers of agricultural blockades, disabled people and trade unionists. Self-Defence Rebirth stressed the need for an "authentic left-wing" party to enter the Sejm, and described itself as more radical than SLD and
437:
excluded many long-time party activists in favour of new but connected members or independent candidates that the party established cooperation with. This made Sławomir Izdebski, the leader of the faction, enter a personal conflict with the leader of the region
695:, rejected the twelve points. Original Samoobrona (SRP) also made no endorsement and asked its supporters to vote with their conscience, although it criticized Law and Justice in its statement, arguing that the party betrayed Lepper and SRP back in 2007.
332:, Henryk Dzido, who split off from the main Self-Defence party following numerous scandals and the electoral collapse of Samoobrona. Self-Defence Rebirth was also created over concerns that Samoobrona might form a coalition with the right-wing
457:
The faction then decided to form a separate political part, gathering 2300 members in total. The party was formally registered in March, and the national founding convention of the Self-Defence Social Movement was held on 12 March 2006, in
356:
movement from the 1990s. The party is concerned by the rise of right-wing movements in Poland such as the League of Polish Families. The party also focuses on promoting agrarian and rural interests, with the current leader of the party,
426:; the faction became known for social justice actions such as obstructing and proesting evictions. The faction also fcoused on rural and agrarian issues, and organized local rural trade unions. This made the faction be considered a
531:
created out of the regionalist wing of Samoobrona. As Self-Defence Rebirth itself was closely aligned to Samoobrona regionalist, the party postponed their convention in order to start merger talks with the Party of Regions.
727:
as the role model". Leader of the party, Henryk Dzido, stated that Self-Defence Rebirth is a party that encompasses members and sympathizers who are "left-wing in their nature, although at the same time deeply religious".
732:
focused on blocking evictions, aiding pensioners and protesting deregulation and privatisation policies. The party is also closely related to agrarian trade unions, reflecting higher emphasis on rural issues and
641:, and was to be an alternative to centre-left parties such as Democratic Left Alliance and Palikot Movement; it represents the interests of farmers, trade unions, disabled, unemployed and regionalist activists.
454:
party in 2016, information emerged about recordings of MP Wiśniewski's telephone conversations, which were said to indicate illegal financing of the 2005 election campaign by sympathetic businessmen.
758:
It was reported that party meetings of Self-Defence Rebirth were started with a prayer, instead of the "folkish" character of the original Samoobrona party. Self-Defence Rebirth also cooperated with
446:, demanding removal of Filipek from the structures of the party. Lepper dismissed the demand and expelled Izdebski from the party, which sparked the exodus of Social Movement faction from the party.
766:
Despite its more religion-oriented rhetoric, the new party is considered to be more left-wing than original Samoobrona, and was created in a response to the proposal of a merger with a right-wing
845:
In contrast to Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland, SO consistently places more emphasis on religion. Samoobrona had an ambivalent attitude towards religion, emphasizing its commitment to
594:
During the convention of re-registered Self-Defence Rebirth, its leader at the time, Henryk Dzido, emphasised that the party wishes to "continue the noble ideals and program" of the original
36:
719:
classified itself as left-wing, describing itself as "as left-wing as Samoobrona was when we founded it". Self-Defence Rebirth pledges to follow the left-wing, left-nationalist and
1726:
387:) party and several other marginal groups formed by splitters from the Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland. Other parties that participated in the founding of the party were
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1982:
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Sławomir Izdebski became the head of the All-Poland Agreement of Trade Unions of Farmers and Agricultural Organisations, and also became a co-founder of the
644:
In August 2018, the party established cooperation with Samoobrona. On 7 October of the same year, the chairman of the grouping, Henryk Dzido, died. In the
403:, as well regionalist Self-Defence factions of Gorzów and Radom. The main reason behind the creation of Self-Defence Rebirth was to protest the concept of
691:. The party spoke particularly warmly of Polish People's Party (PSL), but it refrained from making an endorsement because the coalition partner of PSL,
3448:
2988:
2004:
1502:
827:. The party described itself as fighting for the rights of the unemployed, debtors, evicted tenants and employees working on so-called junk contracts (
723:
ideals based on those of the Samoobrona party. Members of the party described themselves as "true leftists by belief, Catholics by profession and with
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571:), this situation would be temporary as "the dominance of two right-wing parties is not normal". In 2014, the party started cooperating with
422:
Self-Defence Rebirth stems from the Social Movement faction within Samoobrona, which emerged in early 2000s amongst local party activists in
2012:
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Self-Defence Rebirth also heavily emphasises its Roman Catholic character, and portrays itself as a party committed to the principles of
433:
Conflict between Social Movement and original Samoobrona emerged in early 2006, as electoral lists that the party would register for the
3085:
2723:
2619:
1689:"TYLKO U NAS. Szef OPZZ RiOR: Chcemy usłyszeć od wszystkich ugrupowań w parlamencie, jakie mają stanowisko ws. „rolniczej dwunastki""
928:
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in the new party. Self-Defence Rebirth is also aligned to the regionalist wing of Samoobrona, and wanted to form a merger with the
1180:
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325:
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501:
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leading to "economic totalitarianism, financial terror, information restrictions and bogus, corrupt democracy".
2744:
2718:
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2502:
509:
3517:
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2897:
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1350:
1412:"Był z Lepperem, trochę w PiS, teraz z Korwinem. Kim jest Sławomir Izdebski, organizator rolniczych blokad?"
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Policy Learning, Fast and Slow: Market-Oriented Reforms of Czech and Polish Healthcare Policy, 1989-2009
801:
based on theories of social systems, ecology and social ethics and morality in politics and economics".
3148:
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2909:
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2700:
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2186:
1061:(Doctor of Political and Social Sciences thesis). Florence: European University Institute. p. 180.
540:
104:
1939:
Ania Krok-Paszkowska; Petr Kopecky; Cas Mudde (2003). "Samoobrona: The Polish Self-Defence Movement".
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crown enclosed by eight arches surmounted by a cross, without stars on the shoulders of its wings".
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56:
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2335:
1871:(in Polish) (Dissertation ed.). Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. p. 250.
1806:(in Polish) (Dissertation ed.). Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. p. 134.
971:
869:
400:
535:
By the end of 2007, most of Samoobrona Odrodzenie's activists joined other groups - including
3369:
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3215:
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2853:
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1864:
1844:"Samoobrona Odrodzenie na Kongresie Stronnictwa „Polska Racja Stanu" Kraków - Luty 2014 r."
1799:
1389:
1371:
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Catholic hierarchy of Poland, accusing Polish bishops of abandoning social sensitivity and
482:
337:
8:
3074:
2739:
2680:
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2635:
2359:
2102:
1028:
851:
748:
720:
478:
341:
298:
231:
137:
474:
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3329:
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2507:
2443:
2279:
1745:"Rolnicy chcą zmian w hodowli zwierząt futerkowych. "Będziemy ostro stawiać na rozwój""
1727:"Izdebski o rolnikach w ministerstwie: Podpisali chłam, to niech wypiją nawarzone piwo"
1081:
797:
796:
The party believes that consumerism and materialism should be replaced in favour of an
733:
345:
288:
245:
157:
152:
133:
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1944:
1914:
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1529:
1116:
1032:
439:
1597:
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838:
Similarly to original Samoobrona, Self-Defence Rebirth followed the Marxist view of
710:
411:. SO also seceded over the promissory notes scandal; the issue of promissory notes (
3344:
3105:
2537:
2526:
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2406:
2242:
2220:
2154:
2053:
1906:
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824:
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217:
1396:(in Polish) (Dissertation ed.). Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.
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3252:
2782:
2400:
2267:
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2114:
2047:
828:
816:
668:
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In November 2007, another new party that split from Samoobrona was created - the
466:
412:
392:
380:
321:
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192:
66:
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673:
Ogólnopolskie Porozumienie Związków Zawodowych Rolników i Organizacji Rolniczych
3205:
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2065:
1968:
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839:
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724:
568:
559:
443:
329:
167:
141:
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2554:
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2139:
1970:
An Ethos Theory of Party Positions on European Integration: Poland and Beyond
808:, a far-left socialist party. Two parties made an electoral alliance for the
547:. On 2 September 2008 it was deleted from the register of political parties.
1670:"Sławomir Izdebski- będziemy żądali gwarancji realizacji naszych postulatów"
340:
is one of the key activists of the new party. The party describes itself as
35:
3349:
2842:
1613:"Only in WP. Jarosław Kaczyński can resurrect Samoobrona with one decision"
1290:
755:; as such, Długosz considers the latter an "heir of the communist regime".
615:
51:
1910:
1112:
2660:
2456:
2286:
2206:
2147:
1938:
998:"Powrót Samoobrony. Byli działacze ugrupowania postanowili współpracować"
692:
1288:
1268:
1209:"Tylko w WP. Jarosław Kaczyński jedną decyzją może wskrzesić Samoobronę"
659:, the new leader of the party Sławomir Izdebski attacked the leader of
575:, among others. At the time, it failed to agree on a joint run in the
459:
2819:
1707:
663:, a left-wing agrarian party inspired by Samoobrona, for joining the
1652:"Kuropatwiński: Former Samoobrona RP activists decided to cooperate"
2108:
1857:
660:
423:
145:
110:
714:
Coat of arms of Poland from 1919, that the party wanted to restore
679:
abroad. Three of main political parties agreed to these demands -
3314:
2018:
789:, primacy of labour over capital, social ethics and aggressive
1941:
Uncivil Society? Contentious Politics in Post-Communist Europe
1779:
1503:"Henryk Dzido: Samoobrona będzie istnieć bez Leppera - Wywiad"
1454:. Monitor Sądowy i Gospodarczy no. 222/2008. 13 November 2008.
1307:
1289:
Dominik Uhlig; Ewa Milewicz; Wojciech Szacki (4 August 2007).
929:"Nie żyje Henryk Dzido, obrońca Andrzeja Leppera. Miał 77 lat"
637:. The new organization was founded together with the far-left
520:, Alfred Budner received 6736 votes, and Sławomir Izdebski in
1966:
1821:(in Polish). Kraków: Zakład Wydawniczy »NOMOS«. p. 187.
1487:. Monitor Sądowy i Gospodarczy no. 38/2013. 22 February 2013.
2771:
1550:"Sławomir Izdebski prowadzi rolników na barykady. Kim jest?"
2031:
551:
acceptable to all former factions and wings of Samoobrona.
473:(and the party's only parliamentarian) and fourth-term MPs
203:
180:
1903:
Activists Forever? Long-Term Impacts of Political Activism
1232:"Samoobrona-Odrodzenie wants to take MPs away from Lepper"
1105:
Activists Forever? Long-Term Impacts of Political Activism
442:. Ultimately, Izdebski confronted the leader of the party
1467:"Dawni działacze Samoobrony zwierają szyki. Cel – wybory"
489:, a prominent agrarian trade unions activists related to
407:, which would be a merger of Self-Defence with far-right
328:
activists. The party was founded by the former lawyer of
2974:
Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence
3444:
italic font – electoral alliances and/or popular fronts
2996:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
1025:
Populizm w polskiej polityce: Analiza dyskursu polityki
698:
In 2024, Sławomir Izdebski and the party supported the
375:
The party was formed in July 2007 from a merger of the
2014:
Political parties and political associations in Poland
1705:
1686:
1634:"Izdebski i Ikonowicz liderami Ruchu Społecznego RP"
1409:
1547:
2646:Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League
1863:
1798:
1780:Dominika Olszewska-Dziobkowska (13 August 2006).
1725:Nadolczak, Natalia; Salak, Piotr (3 April 2024).
1610:
1519:
1388:
1308:Dominika Olszewska-Dziobkowska (13 August 2007).
1206:
1175:
581:Organisation of the Polish Nation - Polish League
3489:
3128:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
2984:Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition
2565:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
1905:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 254–263.
1500:
583:. The SO fielded one election list each for the
1464:
2989:Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction
1900:
1724:
1284:
1282:
1250:"Samoobrona Ruch Społeczny będzie nową partią"
1102:
1998:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1816:
1792:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1301:
1291:"Kto pomaga PiS odebrać Samoobronę Lepperowi"
516:list, but did not obtain a seat as an MP. In
1431:
1266:
1183:(Relation from party convention) (in Polish)
855:espousing left-wing views at the same time.
785:Self-Defence Rebirth promotes the ideals of
770:party. This proposal, unofficially known as
2600:Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home
1881:
1841:
1588:
1566:
1434:"Filipek i Hojarska tworzą Partię Regionów"
1366:
1364:
1279:
1107:. Cambridge University Press. p. 257.
554:After an unsuccessful attempt to take over
430:, which became popular in the countryside.
3463:****: not currently registered as a party
3268:Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp
2005:
1991:
1927:
1884:"Sławomir Izdebski - nowy, młodszy Lepper"
1869:Samoobrona RP w polskim systemie partyjnym
1804:Samoobrona RP w polskim systemie partyjnym
1536:
1427:
1425:
1394:Samoobrona RP w polskim systemie partyjnym
1327:
1325:
1323:
1169:
753:nostalgia for the Polish People's Republic
465:Party leaders included fifth-term senator
3111:Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative
3100:Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"
2724:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland
2620:National Party of Retirees and Pensioners
2575:Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement
1405:
1403:
1382:
1022:
923:
921:
813:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland
635:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland
3143:Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action
1962:
1960:
1901:Fillieule, Olivier; Neveu, Erik (2019).
1782:"Mecenas Leppera na prezydenta Warszawy"
1706:Krzysztof Prokopczyk (13 October 2023).
1687:Weronika Tomaszewska (21 October 2023).
1361:
1310:"Mecenas Leppera na prezydenta Warszawy"
1103:Fillieule, Olivier; Neveu, Erik (2019).
1096:
821:Ruch Społeczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
709:
3335:Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work
3288:Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms
3171:Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union
3034:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth
2959:Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"
1810:
1548:Tomasz Dereszyński (12 February 2015).
1422:
1410:Krystyna Naszkowska (5 February 2015).
1320:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1072:
1070:
1068:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
3490:
2691:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
1967:Madalena Pontes Meyer Resende (2004).
1520:Wiesław Pawłowski (18 February 2014).
1400:
918:
865:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
685:Confederation Liberty and Independence
596:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
360:, being a prominent member of a rural
326:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
3533:Political parties established in 2007
3258:Movement for Reconstruction of Poland
3086:Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft
2835:Communist Party of Western Belorussia
2580:Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras
1986:
1957:
1819:Trauma wielkiej zmiany na Podkarpaciu
1773:
1628:
1626:
1496:
1494:
1343:
1269:"Wojtkowiak na czele antylepperowców"
1242:
1143:
1051:
990:
1755:
1591:"KOMUNIKAT Nr 14 z dn. 6.09.2014 r."
1569:"KOMUNIKAT Nr 13 z dn. 2.09.2014 r."
1260:
1219:
1195:
1065:
947:
3236:League of the Right of the Republic
3155:Confederation of Independent Poland
3021:Confederation of Independent Poland
1522:"KOMUNIKAT Nr 4 z dn. 16.02.2014 r"
1501:Mirosław Skowron (11 August 2011).
365:All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions
13:
2964:Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
2830:Communist Party of Western Ukraine
1623:
1491:
1052:Popić, Tamara (24 November 2014).
810:2015 Polish parliamentary election
657:2023 Polish parliamentary election
650:2019 Polish parliamentary election
628:2015 Polish parliamentary election
14:
3554:
3380:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation
3201:Feminist Initiative/Women's Party
3016:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)
2932:Polish Christian Democratic Party
2866:Christian Union of National Unity
2671:Polish Party of Animal Protection
2435:Confederation of the Polish Crown
2199:Confederation of the Polish Crown
1611:Grzegorz Łakomski (8 June 2017).
1465:Tomasz Nieśpiał (9 August 2011).
1432:Mariusz Goss (26 November 2007).
1207:Grzegorz Łakomski (8 June 2017).
900:
895:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation
612:2015 Polish presidential election
389:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation
2017:
1882:Jacek Gądek (11 February 2015).
1842:Maciej Deja (27 February 2014).
1589:Maciej Deja (6 September 2014).
1567:Maciej Deja (2 September 2014).
34:
3360:Polish Labour Party - August 80
3177:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl
3117:Centre Agreement – Polish Union
2825:Communist Party of Poland (KPP)
1894:
1875:
1835:
1763:"Trzy nowe partie "Samoobrona""
1737:
1718:
1699:
1680:
1662:
1644:
1604:
1582:
1560:
1513:
1477:
1458:
1444:
502:parliamentary elections in 2007
2920:Polish-Catholic People's Party
1339:(in Polish). 28 February 2006.
1267:Jarek Adamek (15 March 2006).
1129:
1045:
1016:
804:The party closely worked with
573:Stronnictwo Polska Racja Stanu
1:
3523:Nationalist parties in Poland
3498:2007 establishments in Poland
2979:Polish Socialist Party – Left
2969:Polish Socialist Party (1892)
2954:Polish People's Party "Piast"
2898:National Radical Camp Falanga
1357:(in Polish). 23 October 2009.
912:
700:2024 Polish farmers' protests
622:(against incumbent President
278:http://samoobrona.mazowsze.pl
16:Political party in Poland
3385:Self-Defence Social Movement
3045:Polish United Workers' Party
2893:National Radical Camp (1934)
2713:Silesian Separatist Movement
2625:National Radical Camp (1993)
2590:First Self-Governance League
1676:(in Polish). 25 August 2023.
1151:"Zagrożenie dla Samoobrony?"
907:Self-Defence Rebirth website
890:Self-Defence Social Movement
377:Self-Defence Social Movement
7:
3538:Socialist parties in Poland
3396:Solidarity Electoral Action
3283:National Self-Defence Front
3278:National Party "Fatherland"
3248:Liberal Democratic Congress
3160:Conservative People's Party
3080:Alternative Social Movement
2543:Union of Christian Families
2513:Agreement (political party)
2305:Union of European Democrats
1849:(in Polish). Archived from
1769:(in Polish). 28 March 2006.
1751:(in Polish). 20 March 2024.
1640:(in Polish). 9 August 2015.
1596:(in Polish). Archived from
1574:(in Polish). Archived from
1528:(in Polish). Archived from
1378:(in Polish). 12 March 2006.
1256:(in Polish). 28 March 2006.
1080:(in Polish). Archived from
935:(in Polish). 9 October 2010
858:
705:
646:2018 Polish local elections
610:In the second round of the
577:2014 Polish local elections
435:2006 Polish local elections
397:Samoobrona Narodu Polskiego
362:national trade union center
10:
3559:
3528:Polish nationalist parties
3513:Catholic political parties
3508:Agrarian socialist parties
3503:Agrarian parties in Poland
3325:People's National Movement
3149:Coalition for the Republic
2701:Silesian Autonomy Movement
2686:Right Wing of the Republic
2631:National Revival of Poland
1943:. Routledge. p. 114.
1004:(in Polish). 4 August 2018
522:Siedlce electoral district
485:. The party also included
370:
3472:List of political parties
3441:
3340:Polish Beer-Lovers' Party
3263:Movement for the Republic
3093:Catholic Electoral Action
3062:
3008:
2903:National Radical Camp ABC
2805:
2764:
2615:League of Polish Families
2484:
2356:
2216:
2027:
1333:"Całkiem nowa Samoobrona"
1157:(in Polish). 24 June 2007
1023:Przyłęcki, Paweł (2012).
978:(in Polish). 21 June 2007
972:"Nadchodzi... Odrodzenie"
885:Party of Regions (Poland)
875:League of Polish Families
768:League of Polish Families
409:League of Polish Families
385:Samoobrona Ruch Społeczny
334:League of Polish Families
284:
275:
270:
258:
244:
230:
216:
202:
186:
173:
163:
151:
127:
116:
100:
90:
80:
72:
62:
50:
42:
33:
21:
3165:Democratic Left Alliance
3133:Christian National Union
2641:Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy
2550:United Beyond Boundaries
847:Catholic social teaching
791:economic interventionism
745:Catholic social teaching
518:Konin electoral district
3417:Third Republic Movement
3390:Social Justice Movement
3231:League and Self-Defense
3138:Christian-Peasant Party
3027:Front of National Unity
2915:National Workers' Party
2910:National People's Union
2815:Catholic People's Party
2707:Silesian Regional Party
806:Social Justice Movement
772:League and Self-Defense
639:Social Justice Movement
558:following the death of
405:League and Self-Defence
190:"Family, nation, faith"
153:Political position
3543:Trade unions in Poland
3355:Polish Reason of State
3305:Patriotic Self-Defence
2876:Popular National Union
2676:Polish Communist Party
2485:Other existing parties
2336:Polish Socialist Party
1847:samoobrona.mazowsze.pl
1817:Piotr Długosz (2008).
1594:samoobrona.mazowsze.pl
1572:samoobrona.mazowsze.pl
1526:samoobrona.mazowsze.pl
870:Patriotic Self-Defence
832:
820:
715:
672:
416:
401:Patriotic Self-Defence
396:
384:
324:founded by the former
317:
196:
3365:Polish National Party
3273:National Party (1989)
3226:Labour Party (Poland)
3216:Initiative for Poland
3050:United People's Party
3040:Polish Workers' Party
2888:National Radical Camp
2854:Labour Faction (1937)
2719:Socialist Alternative
2605:Kashubian Association
2503:Alliance of Democrats
2451:Polish People's Party
2293:Polish People's Party
2162:Polish People's Party
1911:10.1017/9781108690928
1372:"Lepper musi odejść!"
1355:tygodniksiedlecki.com
1113:10.1017/9781108690928
1027:(in Polish). Warsaw:
713:
689:Polish People's Party
524:received 3838 votes.
491:Polish People's Party
318:Samoobrona Odrodzenie
197:Rodzina, naród, wiara
27:Samoobrona Odrodzenie
3518:Economic nationalism
2926:Polish Catholic Bloc
2871:Camp of Great Poland
2696:Self-Defence Rebirth
2595:Freedom and Equality
1600:on 15 February 2016.
1578:on 15 February 2016.
1351:"Walka o Samoobrone"
624:Bronisław Komorowski
504:, Alfred Budner and
310:Self-Defence Rebirth
24:Self-Defence Rebirth
3320:Peasants' Agreement
3123:Christian Democracy
3075:Alliance for Poland
2740:There is One Poland
2681:Real Politics Union
2666:Polish Pirate Party
2636:New Democracy - Yes
2489:political movements
2360:European Parliament
2120:Independents (15)**
1853:on 2 February 2015.
1532:on 2 February 2015.
1029:Wydawnictwo Sejmowe
852:option for the poor
614:, the SO supported
246:Regional assemblies
232:European Parliament
3477:Politics of Poland
3407:The Poor of Poland
3330:Poland Comes First
3242:Left and Democrats
3195:European Coalition
2860:National Democracy
2745:Workers' Democracy
2508:Silesians Together
2357:Represented in the
2280:Third Way (Poland)
2173:Independent (1)***
1084:on 10 January 2017
798:agrarian socialist
760:Political Catholic
749:Catholic socialism
734:agrarian socialism
721:Catholic socialist
716:
652:, SO did not run.
346:agrarian socialist
342:Catholic socialist
320:, SO) is a Polish
289:Politics of Poland
138:Catholic socialism
134:Agrarian socialism
3485:
3484:
3437:
3436:
3058:
3057:
3004:
3003:
2801:
2800:
2773:Polish–Lithuanian
2382:Polish Initiative
2299:Centre for Poland
2187:National Movement
2168:Centre for Poland
2097:Polish Initiative
1920:978-1-108-42872-9
1865:Mateusz Piskorski
1800:Mateusz Piskorski
1390:Mateusz Piskorski
1177:Zbigniew Witaszek
1122:978-1-108-42872-9
567:and centre-right
506:Sławomir Izdebski
487:Sławomir Izdebski
483:Zbigniew Witaszek
440:Krzysztof Filipek
358:Sławomir Izdebski
338:Zbigniew Witaszek
307:
306:
294:Political parties
57:Sławomir Izdebski
3550:
3449:Zbigniew Ajchler
3345:Poland Fair Play
3310:Party of Regions
3182:Democratic Union
3106:Centre Agreement
3060:
3059:
3006:
3005:
2849:Labor Party (PP)
2803:
2802:
2769:
2768:
2560:Civic Initiative
2538:Party of Drivers
2527:All-Polish Youth
2497:Polish Coalition
2387:Independents (3)
2349:Independents (4)
2273:Independents (4)
2248:Independents (4)
2243:Sovereign Poland
2155:Polish Coalition
2071:Independent (2)*
2054:Sovereign Poland
2022:
2021:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1936:
1925:
1924:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1712:samoobronarp.org
1703:
1697:
1696:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1658:. 4 August 2018.
1648:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1452:"Position 14491"
1448:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1217:
1216:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1181:"Wiece partyjne"
1179:(21 July 2013).
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1074:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
968:
945:
944:
942:
940:
925:
825:Palikot Movement
738:Party of Regions
537:Party of Regions
529:Party of Regions
495:peasant movement
479:Waldemar Borczyk
469:, fifth-term MP
428:peasant movement
350:Soft Eurosceptic
280:
265:
253:
239:
225:
211:
179:
120:
91:Preceded by
38:
19:
18:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3467:Portal:Politics
3462:
3460:Marek Biernacki
3457:
3454:Piotr Adamowicz
3451:
3446:
3433:
3412:The Republicans
3299:Social Alliance
3253:Libertas Poland
3054:
3000:
2807:
2797:
2783:Patriotic Party
2774:
2765:Defunct parties
2760:
2755:German Minority
2651:Peasants' Party
2533:National League
2488:
2486:
2480:
2401:Law and Justice
2369:Civic Coalition
2358:
2352:
2310:Independent (1)
2268:Yes! For Poland
2255:Civic Coalition
2237:Law and Justice
2218:
2212:
2115:Yes! For Poland
2078:Civic Coalition
2048:Law and Justice
2029:
2023:
2016:
2011:
1981:
1976:. ProQuest LLC.
1973:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1937:
1928:
1921:
1899:
1895:
1880:
1876:
1862:
1858:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1815:
1811:
1797:
1793:
1778:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1723:
1719:
1704:
1700:
1685:
1681:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1638:gazetaprawna.pl
1632:
1631:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1587:
1583:
1565:
1561:
1546:
1537:
1518:
1514:
1499:
1492:
1485:"Position 2600"
1483:
1482:
1478:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1430:
1423:
1408:
1401:
1387:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1331:
1330:
1321:
1306:
1302:
1287:
1280:
1265:
1261:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1238:. 24 July 2007.
1230:
1229:
1220:
1205:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1137:"Party website"
1135:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1031:. p. 133.
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
970:
969:
948:
938:
936:
927:
926:
919:
915:
903:
861:
833:umowy śmieciowe
708:
681:Law and Justice
665:Civic Coalition
565:Law and Justice
514:Law and Justice
452:Law and Justice
373:
352:and left-wing.
322:political party
303:
276:
266:
263:
259:City presidents
254:
251:
240:
237:
226:
223:
212:
209:
191:
177:
144:
140:
136:
118:
108:
81:Split from
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Right Alliance
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:Forward Poland
3203:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:Ancestral Home
3066:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2944:
2942:People's Party
2939:
2934:
2929:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2881:National Party
2878:
2873:
2868:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2808:inter-war eras
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2788:Hetmans' Party
2785:
2779:
2777:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
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3350:Polish Union
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2843:Front Morges
2841:
2775:Commonwealth
2735:Slavic Union
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2610:Labour Party
2519:
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2394:United Right
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2342:Labour Union
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2228:
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2153:
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2041:United Right
2039:
1969:
1940:
1902:
1896:
1890:(in Polish).
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1851:the original
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1693:wpolityce.pl
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1185:. Retrieved
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
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1086:. Retrieved
1082:the original
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616:Andrzej Duda
609:
605:
601:
593:
591:assemblies.
589:podkarpackie
553:
549:
534:
526:
508:ran for the
499:
467:Henryk Dzido
464:
456:
448:
432:
421:
374:
354:
309:
308:
101:Headquarters
76:23 June 2007
67:Henryk Dzido
43:Abbreviation
3423:United Left
3188:Europa Plus
2806:Pre-war and
2661:Polish Left
2457:Poland 2050
2287:Poland 2050
2148:Poland 2050
1786:wyborcza.pl
1554:pomorska.pl
1416:wyborcza.pl
1314:wyborcza.pl
1295:wyborcza.pl
747:as well as
693:Poland 2050
648:and in the
585:mazowieckie
117:Membership
107:3A lok. 14,
3492:Categories
3063:Modern era
2750:Freedomers
2729:Solidarity
2103:The Greens
1656:interia.pl
913:References
626:). In the
556:Samoobrona
2820:Centrolew
2444:Third Way
2109:AGROunion
1376:wprost.pl
1187:26 August
1161:23 August
1155:wprost.pl
1088:23 August
1008:26 August
1002:forsal.pl
982:23 August
939:23 August
512:from the
299:Elections
158:Left-wing
105:ul. Polna
3456:et al.,
2473:New Left
2466:The Left
2429:New Hope
2324:New Left
2317:The Left
2207:Kukiz'15
2193:New Hope
2134:New Left
2127:The Left
2060:Renew RP
1867:(2010).
1802:(2010).
1749:money.pl
1731:rmf24.pl
1708:"Wybory"
1392:(2010).
1254:money.pl
976:tvn24.pl
859:See also
706:Ideology
661:AGROunia
493:and the
424:Mazowsze
164:Religion
146:Laborism
129:Ideology
111:Warszawa
3315:Party X
2585:Falanga
1888:onet.pl
1273:elka.pl
655:In the
500:In the
460:Czosnów
371:History
271:Website
264:0 / 117
252:0 / 552
224:0 / 100
210:0 / 460
174:Colours
109:00-622
73:Founded
63:Founder
3402:Spring
2221:Senate
2091:Modern
2081:(157)
2044:(191)
1947:
1917:
1825:
1674:ppr.pl
1119:
1035:
829:Polish
817:Polish
669:Polish
417:weksle
413:Polish
393:Polish
381:Polish
314:Polish
238:0 / 51
218:Senate
193:Polish
187:Slogan
178:
119:(2018)
52:Leader
3458:***:
2397:(20)
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