284:
request as he needed nobility's support and cooperation. At first members of the Sejm were members of the
Council of Lords and high state officials. Only gradually all interested nobles could attend the meetings. No invitation was necessary to attend. As the importance of Sejm grew, nobles from more distant regions started electing representatives from their districts and sending them to the meeting. However, the Sejm was dominated by the magnates as they were much more politically active and lesser nobles were more passive observers. However, gradually the lesser nobles understood that the Sejm gave them power to block new taxes and by mid-16th century they started to demand more privileges for themselves. Thus the Sejm shifted from magnate-controlled political tool to a representation of all nobles. This shift was influenced by a similar movement in Poland.
501:
628:
703:
71:(an early government). The meetings would usually last one or two weeks. Sejm gradually evolved from a meeting of the most powerful magnates to a full legislative institution representing all of the nobility. The Sejm was not the main political player as it was overshadowed by the Council of Lords. The Union of Lublin created a new state, the
291:, the Sejm acquired full legislative powers. It was composed of two houses: the upper house, called Senate, was the equivalent to the former Council of Lords and the lower house was made up of representatives of each district of the state. No longer any member of the nobility could participate: each of the 28
283:
At first the Sejm did not have the legislative power. It would debate on foreign and domestic affairs, taxes, wars, state budget. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Sejm acquired some legislative powers. The Sejm could petition the Grand Duke to pass certain laws. The Duke usually granted the
306:
in 1795. It debated matters concerning the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania or tried to establish a common position among Lithuanian delegates before departing for the Sejm of the Commonwealth. The convocations retained basic structures (upper and lower houses) and procedures of the Sejm: each powiat could
279:
raged the country almost continuously between 1492 and 1582, the Grand Duke needed more tax revenues to finance the army and had to call the Sejm more frequently. In exchange for cooperation, the nobility demanded various privileges, including strengthening of the Sejm.
834:
17:
303:
302:
When the separate Sejm for
Lithuania was officially abolished in 1569, it adopted the name of Lithuanian Convocations and continued to meet until the
307:
send only two representatives. Convocations were called by the Grand Duke, who also ratified its decisions and included them in official law books.
819:
76:
478:
637:
727:
79:. However, the Sejm continued to convene under the name of Lithuanian Convocation. In total there were 40 Sejm and 37 Convocations.
500:
865:
355:
627:
384:
Andriulis, Vytautas; Maksimaitis, Mindaugas; Pakalniškis, Vytautas; Pečkaitis, Justinas
Sigitas; Ĺ enaviÄŤius, Antanas (2002).
860:
880:
875:
510:
72:
870:
652:
471:
421:
393:
275:, dependent peasants, from their taxes to the state. That meant a significant increase in nobility's revenue. As the
791:
287:
Major reforms were carried out between 1564 and 1566, just before the Union of Lublin. According to the Second
276:
775:
464:
783:
743:
68:
751:
684:
668:
824:
767:
759:
735:
676:
660:
316:
529:
56:
601:
537:
217:
269:
and the
Council of Lords. Soon influence of the nobility grew as Casimir's privileges released
702:
288:
266:
106:
441:(in Lithuanian). Vol. IV. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijĹł redakcija. p. 574.
8:
170:
153:
64:
32:
258:
829:
40:
442:
417:
389:
254:
609:
437:
Zinkus, Jonas; et al., eds. (1985–1988). "Vyriausieji
Lietuvos suvaĹľiavimai".
60:
44:
839:
593:
553:
187:
123:
854:
446:
295:
could send only two delegates. It started a tradition of local Sejm (called
59:. It was active from 1445 to 1569, when it was officially abolished by the
569:
545:
521:
383:
711:
561:
207:
143:
52:
456:
712:
491:
67:, called as needed by the Grand Duke or during an interregnum by the
636:
412:
Kiaupa, Zigmantas; KiaupienÄ—, JĹ«ratÄ—; KunceviÄŤius, Albinas (2000).
271:
224:
177:
160:
113:
253:
The first traces of large nobility meetings can be found in the
75:, and joined the Sejm of Lithuania with Sejm of Poland into one
487:
359:
292:
262:
197:
133:
416:. Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 227–228.
356:"Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės parlamentas (XV-XVIIIa.)"
234:
509:
411:
388:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Justitia. pp. 128–129.
261:
of 1413. It is considered that the first Sejm met in
852:
304:partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
592:
472:
63:. The Sejm was an irregular gathering of the
436:
820:Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
479:
465:
77:Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
486:
14:
853:
18:Seimas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
460:
835:Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR
815:Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
414:The History of Lithuania Before 1795
407:
405:
379:
377:
375:
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
338:
336:
334:
332:
24:
25:
892:
402:
372:
701:
626:
499:
430:
329:
299:) to elect the representatives.
73:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
13:
1:
866:Lithuanian constitutional law
439:TarybĹł Lietuvos enciklopedija
322:
265:in 1445 during talks between
7:
310:
69:Lithuanian Council of Lords
10:
897:
861:Legal history of Lithuania
82:
881:16th century in Lithuania
876:15th century in Lithuania
825:Sejm of Central Lithuania
807:
700:
625:
585:
498:
317:Sejm of Central Lithuania
277:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
243:
216:
169:
105:
89:
871:Legal history of Belarus
386:Lietuvos teisÄ—s istorija
90:Number of Sejm Meetings
57:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
602:Great Seimas of Vilnius
218:Sigismund II Augustus I
48:
36:
728:Reconstituent Seimas
653:Constituent Assembly
289:Statute of Lithuania
267:Casimir IV Jagiellon
107:Casimir IV Jagiellon
171:Sigismund I the Old
154:Alexander Jagiellon
65:Lithuanian nobility
713:Second Republic of
848:
847:
803:
802:
796:
792:Thirteenth Seimas
788:
780:
772:
764:
756:
748:
740:
732:
720:
696:
695:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
645:
638:First Republic of
621:
620:
614:
606:
581:
580:
574:
566:
558:
550:
542:
534:
530:Pacification Sejm
526:
511:Polish–Lithuanian
358:(in Lithuanian).
255:Treaty of Salynas
251:
250:
16:(Redirected from
888:
794:
786:
778:
770:
762:
754:
746:
738:
730:
721:
718:
709:
708:
705:
687:
679:
671:
663:
655:
646:
643:
634:
633:
630:
612:
610:Petrograd Seimas
604:
590:
589:
572:
564:
556:
548:
540:
538:Convocation Sejm
532:
524:
507:
506:
503:
481:
474:
467:
458:
457:
451:
450:
434:
428:
427:
409:
400:
399:
381:
370:
369:
367:
366:
352:
259:Union of Horodło
257:of 1398 and the
87:
86:
21:
896:
895:
891:
890:
889:
887:
886:
885:
851:
850:
849:
844:
840:Sejms of Poland
830:People's Seimas
799:
776:Eleventh Seimas
717:
714:
692:
642:
639:
617:
577:
515:
512:
494:
485:
455:
454:
435:
431:
424:
410:
403:
396:
382:
373:
364:
362:
354:
353:
330:
325:
313:
220:
173:
156:
109:
85:
61:Union of Lublin
51:) was an early
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
894:
884:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
846:
845:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
798:
797:
789:
784:Twelfth Seimas
781:
773:
765:
757:
749:
744:Seventh Seimas
741:
733:
724:
722:
706:
698:
697:
694:
693:
691:
690:
682:
674:
666:
658:
649:
647:
631:
623:
622:
619:
618:
616:
615:
607:
598:
596:
594:Russian Empire
587:
583:
582:
579:
578:
576:
575:
567:
559:
554:Partition Sejm
551:
543:
535:
527:
518:
516:
504:
496:
495:
484:
483:
476:
469:
461:
453:
452:
429:
422:
401:
394:
371:
327:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
312:
309:
249:
248:
245:
241:
240:
237:
231:
230:
227:
222:
214:
213:
210:
204:
203:
200:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
180:
175:
167:
166:
163:
158:
150:
149:
146:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
126:
120:
119:
116:
111:
103:
102:
99:
96:
92:
91:
84:
81:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
893:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
856:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
810:
809:
806:
793:
790:
785:
782:
777:
774:
769:
766:
761:
758:
753:
752:Eighth Seimas
750:
745:
742:
737:
734:
729:
726:
725:
723:
716:
710:
707:
704:
699:
686:
685:Fourth Seimas
683:
678:
675:
670:
669:Second Seimas
667:
662:
659:
654:
651:
650:
648:
641:
635:
632:
629:
624:
611:
608:
603:
600:
599:
597:
595:
591:
588:
584:
571:
568:
563:
560:
555:
552:
547:
544:
539:
536:
531:
528:
523:
520:
519:
517:
514:
508:
505:
502:
497:
493:
489:
482:
477:
475:
470:
468:
463:
462:
459:
448:
444:
440:
433:
425:
423:9986-810-13-2
419:
415:
408:
406:
397:
395:9986-567-81-5
391:
387:
380:
378:
376:
361:
357:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
328:
318:
315:
314:
308:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
285:
281:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
246:
242:
238:
236:
233:
232:
228:
226:
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219:
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185:
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176:
172:
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164:
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155:
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137:
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127:
125:
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121:
117:
115:
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88:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
814:
768:Tenth Seimas
760:Ninth Seimas
736:Sixth Seimas
719:(since 1990)
677:Third Seimas
661:First Seimas
513:Commonwealth
438:
432:
413:
385:
363:. Retrieved
301:
296:
286:
282:
270:
252:
28:
26:
747:(1996–2000)
570:Grodno Sejm
546:Repnin Sejm
522:Silent Sejm
221:(1548–1564)
174:(1506–1548)
157:(1492–1506)
110:(1440–1492)
855:Categories
562:Great Sejm
365:2008-09-02
323:References
208:Navahradak
144:Navahradak
53:parliament
33:Lithuanian
795:(2020–24)
787:(2016–20)
779:(2012–16)
771:(2008–12)
763:(2004–08)
755:(2000–04)
739:(1992–96)
731:(1990–92)
715:Lithuania
688:(1936–40)
680:(1926–27)
672:(1923–26)
664:(1922–23)
656:(1920–22)
644:(1918–40)
640:Lithuania
565:(1788–91)
557:(1773–75)
549:(1767–68)
492:Lithuania
43:: Соймъ,
41:Ruthenian
811:See also
447:20017802
311:See also
297:seimelis
272:veldamas
98:Location
293:powiats
225:Vilnius
178:Vilnius
161:Vilnius
114:Vilnius
83:History
55:in the
613:(1917)
605:(1905)
586:
573:(1793)
541:(1764)
533:(1736)
525:(1717)
488:Seimas
445:
420:
392:
360:Seimas
263:Hrodna
198:Hrodna
134:Hrodna
101:Times
45:Polish
37:Seimas
244:Total
235:Minsk
188:Brest
124:Brest
95:Reign
443:OCLC
418:ISBN
390:ISBN
49:Sejm
29:sejm
27:The
490:of
247:40
182:13
857::
404:^
374:^
331:^
239:1
229:3
212:1
202:1
192:4
165:3
148:1
138:2
128:4
118:7
47::
39:,
35::
480:e
473:t
466:v
449:.
426:.
398:.
368:.
31:(
20:)
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