1296:, the SFIO was also active in pressing for changes in areas such as education and agriculture. Through the efforts of the SFIO, a comprehensive Farm Law was passed in 1946 which provided that sharecroppers had the right to renew their options at the expiration of their leaseholds and that the owner could repossess the land only if he or his children worked it. In addition, sharecroppers could acquire ownership at low interest rates while those who were forced to leave the land obtained compensation for the improvements that they made on the land. The sharecroppers also had the right to join a marketing cooperative, while their conflicts with owners were to be resolved at arbitration tribunals to which both sides elected an equal number of representatives.
1364:. If the new secretary general was supported by the left wing of the party, he was very hostile to any form of alliance with the PCF. He said that "the Communist Party is not on the Left but in the East". At the beginning of the 1950s, the disagreements with its governmental partners about denominational schools and the colonial problem explained a more critical attitude of the SFIO membership. In 1954, the party was deeply divided about the
43:
1488:
2472:
2413:
2385:
2340:
2312:
2284:
2254:
2164:
2136:
2108:
2080:
2052:
2024:
1996:
2225:
156:
1289:
to be taken "to protect workers spraying paint or varnish". An Order of 10 September 1947 laid down the terms in which warnings must be given "of the dangers of benzene poisoning" while a circular of
October 1947 indicated "how such poisoning can be prevented". In addition, a Decree of August 1947 instituted the original measures on health and safety committees.
1288:
Various measures were also introduced during the SFIO's time in office to improve health and safety in the workplace. An Order of July 1947 prescribed the installation of showers for the use of staff "employed on dirty or unhealthy work" and a decree of August 1947 indicated the special precautions
1284:
passed a law that generalised social security, making it obligatory for the whole population. A number of progressive reforms were also introduced during Paul
Ramadier's tenure as prime minister in 1947, including the extension of social security to government workers the introduction of a national
1299:
In the early years of the French Fourth
Republic, the SFIO played an instrumental role in securing appropriations for 1,000 additional state elementary school teachers and in bringing in bills to extend the national laic school system to kindergarten and nursery school levels. During the spring of
1279:
banks and some industrial companies. While serving in government during the
Forties, the SFIO was partly responsible for setting up the welfare state institutions of the Liberation period and helping to bring about France's economic recovery. In May 1946, the Socialist-led government of
880:, the previous party newspaper, was controlled by the founders of the SFIC. However, Frossard later resigned from the SFIC and rejoined the SFIO in January 1923. One year after the Tours Congress, the CGT trade union made the same split. Those who became Communists created the
749:
In contrast to other
European socialist parties, the SFIO was a decentralised organization. Its national and executive institutions were weakened by the strong autonomy of its members and local levels of the party. Consequently, the function of secretary general, held by
947:
governments. The second Cartel acceded to power in 1932, but this time the SFIO only gave their support without the participation of the
Radicals which allied themselves with right-wing radicals. After years of internal feuds, the reformist wing of the party led by
1229:, secretary general of the SFIO from 1920 to 1940, approved of this policy too. He was excluded from the party when it was reconstituted in 1944. In total, 14 of the 17 SFIO ministers who had been in government before the war were expelled for collaboration.
742:(CGT) proclaimed its independence from political parties at this time and the non-distinction between political and industrial aims. In addition, some CGT members refused to join the SFIO because they considered it extremist. They created the
684:
urged the socialist movement to join the republican movement's struggle to defend republican values. In 1899, another debate polarised the socialist groups, pitted Guesde against Jaures over the participation of the socialist
1096:
also being a member of the latter. Trotsky advised the GBL to break with the SFIO, leading to a confused departure by the
Trotskyists from the SFIO in early 1936, which drew only about six hundred people from the party. The
1403:. Moreover, the SFIO was divided about the repressive policy of Guy Mollet in Algeria and his support to De Gaulle's return. If the party returned in opposition in 1959, it could not prevent the constitution of another
4309:
3478:
1556:. Maître Vidal became mayor of the town. The congress of the PSS held 4–5 June 1938 decided to reunify with the SFIO. Following that decision, the 11–12 June 1938 congress of the new federation of SFIO was held in
1351:
coalition was constituted by centre-right and centre-left parties, including the SFIO, in order to block the opposition of the
Communists on the one hand, and of the Gaullists on the other. Besides, in spite of
3482:
2916:
Chambers
Encyclopaedia new edition, Volume V: Edward-Franks, George Newnes Ltd. 1959, supplementary information 1961, printed and bound in England by Hazel Watson and Viney Ltd., Aylesbury and Slough.
1344:, FEN) chose to gain autonomy towards the two confederations in order to conserve its unity, but SFIO syndicalists took the control of the FEN which became the main training ground of the SFIO party.
1062:
2591:
Frankreichs Dritte
Republik in neun Porträts : Leon Gambetta, Jules Ferry, Jean Jaurès, Georges Clemenceau, Aristide Briand, Léon Blum, Edouard Daladier, Philippe Pétain, Charles de Gaulle
17:
4318:
1585:
In 1957, the history of the SFIO in West Africa came to an end. The federations of SFIO in Cameroon, Chad, Moyen-Congo, Sudan, Gabon, Guinea, Niger, Oubangui-Chari and Senegal all met in
1076:
The Popular Front strategy was adopted in the 1936 French legislative election and the coalition gained a majority, with SFIO obtaining for the first time more votes and seats than the
1042:
60:
818:(posters with a Bolshevik with a knife between his teeth were used to discredit the socialist movement). The National Bloc won 70% of the seats, forming what became known as the
799:
within France. The assassination of Jaurès on 31 July 1914 was a setback for the pacifist wing of the party and contributed to the massive increase in support for the wartime
1084:
became France's first Socialist prime minister in 1936 while the PCF supported without participation his government. A general strike applauded the socialists' victory while
1733:
4314:
1073:
party congress of June 1935, the Trotskyists led a campaign to prevent the united front from expanding into a popular front which would include the liberal Radical Party.
4608:
803:. Participation in World War I caused divisions within the party which were accentuated after 1917. Furthermore, internal disagreements appeared about the October 1917
927:
destabilised the government while the divided Radicals did not all support their Socialist allies. The monetary crisis, also due to the refusal of Germany to pay the
4705:
1855:
1825:
1795:
1765:
1703:
4593:
669:. Besides these groups, some politicians declared themselves as independent socialists outside of the political parties. They tended to have moderate opinions.
1589:
from 11 January to 13 January 1957. At that meeting it was decided that the African federations would break with their French parent organisation and form the
107:
1509:
882:
79:
3818:
4570:
3678:
3558:
662:
86:
3618:
2561:
Dumons, Bruno (2006). "Parachutés et " hommes du cru ": Les réseaux des parlementaires socialistes dans la Saône- et-Loire de l'entre-deux-guerres".
1618:
1498:
751:
870:
became secretary general of the SFIO, but its most influential figure was Blum, leader of the parliamentary group and director of a new party paper
4347:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
3939:
3102:
367:
4637:
4342:
3905:
3145:
3139:
3135:
2959:
2589:
2454:
2427:
1447:
858:
and the majority of the Socialists' elected members decided in Blum's words to "keep the old house" and remain within the Second International.
93:
4065:
3399:
1552:
committee as formed, the SFIO and the PSS branch cooperated. In 1937, a joint list of both the SFIO and the PSS won the municipal elections in
1255:
about the new organisation of the institutions (parliamentary system or presidential government). The SFIO re-emerged and participated in the
3958:
3674:
2926:
1305:
1225:
and some neosocialists who had split from the SFIO in 1933, participated to the Vichy regime and supported Pétain's policy of collaboration.
705:. During the 1905 Globe Congress, the two groups merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) under pressure from the
619:
3413:
1368:. Against the instructions of the party lead, the half of the parliamentary group voted against the project and contributed to its failure.
614:
After the failure of the Paris Commune of 1871, French socialism was severely weakened, with its leaders dead or in exile. During the 1879
75:
362:
777:, based on the 1905 Act of separation between church and state. However, they criticized the ferocious repression of strikes by Radical
4357:
3854:
3272:
1579:
3257:
2262:
1380:
1301:
3836:
3492:
1321:
1089:
998:
739:
3524:
4715:
3692:
3277:
2813:
4352:
3487:
3252:
2232:
601:
100:
3932:
3553:
3095:
1598:
1419:
The SFIO received its lowest vote in the 1960s. It was discredited by the contradictory policies of its leaders during the
838:, also known as the Comintern and the Third International, created by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. Led by
4362:
3858:
3841:
3497:
3463:
447:
414:
1505:
4679:
3312:
3287:
1171:
581:
382:
1575:
campaign, violence broke out between BDS and SFIO activists. In the end, the BDS won both seats allocated to Senegal.
4262:
4250:
4238:
4226:
4215:
4211:
4201:
4197:
4193:
2969:
2894:
2860:
2789:
2679:
2599:
1885:
1527:
1459:
1443:
1341:
126:
4613:
642:
was defined as possibilist because it advocated gradual reforms whereas the POF promoted Marxism. At the same time,
3850:
3684:
3468:
3378:
2958:
Walters, David; Johnstone, R.; Frick, Kaj; Quinlan, Michael; Baril-Gingras, Geneviève; Thébaud-Mony, Annie (2011).
2448:
2421:
2393:
2365:
2320:
2292:
2205:
2144:
2116:
2088:
2060:
2032:
2004:
1976:
1953:
1662:
1572:
1404:
1376:
1124:, when capital flight was an issue, giving rise to the so-called "myth of the 200 families") in the context of the
1022:
698:
459:
239:
1304:. The party supported the second proposal prepared with the PCF and the MRP which was approved in an October 1946
4368:
3925:
3716:
3088:
651:
580:(1947–1958). Internationally, the party was first affiliated with the Second International (1905–1916), then the
270:
1117:
had been established following the war of 1914–1918 of attrition and its mobilisation of industrial capacities.
4646:
3831:
3757:
3591:
3420:
3385:
1268:
1237:
After the liberation of France in 1944, the PCF became the largest left-wing party and the project to create a
64:
1061:
remained ambivalent. The League finally voted to dissolve into the SFIO in August 1934, where they formed the
4710:
3670:
2835:
702:
455:
235:
4598:
4057:
4673:
4394:
3762:
1929:
1463:
1411:, who was trying to anchor the Radical Party amongst the left-wing movement and opposed the colonial wars.
1372:
800:
522:
296:
1245:
failed in part due to the disagreements opposing notably the Socialists and the Christian Democrats about
791:
During the July 1914 international crisis, the party was ideologically torn between its membership in the
3846:
3292:
3282:
3229:
1329:
1260:
3569:
1423:. Youth and the intellectual circles preferred the PSU and workers the PCF. The French Fifth Republic's
1132:. The demoralised left fell apart and was unable to resist the collapse of the Third Republic after the
697:, who had directed the bloody repression of the Paris Commune. In 1902, Guesde and Vaillant founded the
4633:
3822:
3737:
2181:
1590:
1568:
1564:
1545:
1431:
managed to gather enough people from the left and the right to govern without the other parties' help.
1365:
961:
743:
964:(USR). The Cartel was again the victim of parliamentary instability while various scandals led to the
3458:
3302:
1106:
1021:(PCF) got closer to the SFIO, the USR and the Radical Party to form the coalition that would win the
510:
3434:
2781:
Public Management of Society: Rediscovering French Institutional Engineering in the European Context
1434:
Furthermore, the SFIO hesitated between allying with the non-Gaullist centre-right (as advocated by
1088:
cried "Tout est possible!" ("Everything is possible!"), but Pivert would later split and create the
4530:
4458:
4096:
3948:
3863:
3688:
3502:
3392:
2526:
Friedman, Gerald (1990). "Capitalism, Republicanism, Socialism, and the State: France, 1871-1914".
1467:
1194:. In 1942–1943, Pétain's regime judged the French Third Republic by organising a public trial, the
863:
778:
635:
451:
249:
4575:
3427:
2933:
1324:(CGT) union. This was relatively weakened by the 1948 creation of a social-democratic trade union
1300:
1946, the SFIO reluctantly supported the constitutional plans of the PCF. They were rejected by a
657:
In the 1880s, the FTSF saw their first electoral success, winning control of some municipalities.
4684:
4562:
4466:
3767:
3630:
3327:
1770:
1630:
1549:
1285:
minimum wage and the granting from April 1947 onwards of allowances to all aged persons in need.
1226:
1098:
939:
succeeded each other as prime minister until 1926, when the French right came back to power with
928:
886:(United General Confederation of Labour; CGTU) which fused again with the CGT in 1936 during the
867:
835:
792:
690:
585:
552:
498:
387:
53:
4720:
1408:
1384:
1154:
4667:
4585:
3885:
3826:
3813:
3782:
3624:
3518:
3129:
3111:
1860:
1624:
1424:
1420:
1320:
prevented the French left from forming a united front. The Communists had taken control of the
1293:
1077:
1018:
906:
887:
847:
843:
811:
727:
569:
544:
344:
4189:
3977:
1602:
1541:
1439:
4490:
4139:
1400:
1102:
981:
965:
647:
605:
31:
1609:
from 9 February to 10 February 1957 the same year. Two SFIO delegates attended the session.
4386:
3899:
3792:
3703:
3473:
3344:
2492:
1553:
1348:
804:
706:
577:
467:
463:
377:
354:
309:
4234:
4033:
943:. The newly elected Communist deputies also opposed the first Cartel, refusing to support
8:
4222:
3536:
3223:
872:
731:
694:
686:
661:
and some FTSF members criticised the focus on electoral goals. In 1890, they created the
419:
4442:
2961:
Regulating Workplace Risks: A Comparative Study of Inspection Regimes in Times of Change
1708:
1207:
993:
973:
940:
643:
490:
489:, who quickly became the united party's most influential figure. Other leaders included
3879:
3584:
3070:
3051:
2732:
2724:
2652:
2644:
2632:
2543:
1458:
events and the electoral disaster of June 1968. Defferre was the SFIO candidate in the
1438:) and reconciliation with the Communists. Mollet refused to choose. The SFIO supported
911:
781:
680:
believed socialists should not intervene in this internal conflict of the bourgeoisie,
615:
565:
536:
454:. The SFIO was founded during the 1905 Globe Congress in Paris as a merger between the
409:
339:
329:
324:
4514:
1462:. He was eliminated in the first round, with only 5% of votes. One month later at the
1149:
916:
894:
was the CGT's main leader until 1947 and the new split leading to the creation of the
784:
after 1906, following the creation of a Minister of Labour, a post held by PRS leader
4498:
4410:
4171:
4155:
3747:
3307:
2965:
2890:
2856:
2829:
2785:
2736:
2716:
2697:"The French Left and the Rif War, 1924-25: Racism and the Limits of Internationalism"
2675:
2656:
2636:
2595:
1740:
1446:
even if he was not a member of the party. The SFIO and the Radicals then created the
1396:
1337:
1325:
1252:
1242:
1167:
1129:
987:
Following 6 February 1934 crisis, which the whole of the socialist movement saw as a
899:
850:(SFIC). Another smaller group also favoured membership in the Comintern, but not all
482:
289:
3165:
4546:
4506:
4450:
4017:
3787:
3333:
3211:
3199:
2708:
2628:
2570:
2535:
2505:
1199:
1163:
1125:
1050:
1010:
977:
768:
314:
4131:
3709:
3371:
3354:
1093:
932:
760:
560:
277:
4642:
4482:
4426:
4402:
4070:
3317:
2884:
2850:
2779:
2750:
1890:
1435:
1392:
1238:
1187:
1175:
1046:
953:
936:
839:
506:
435:
4246:
4049:
3161:
1333:
891:
785:
4554:
4538:
4522:
4474:
4115:
4001:
3751:
3722:
3698:
3267:
3235:
3205:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
2712:
1830:
1800:
1594:
1317:
1215:
1183:
1133:
1120:
Within a year, Blum's government collapsed over economic policy (as during the
1114:
1085:
1054:
1006:
924:
831:
673:
666:
540:
525:
3157:
1281:
1222:
1179:
949:
755:
681:
486:
171:
4699:
4434:
4207:
4147:
4123:
4107:
4084:
4041:
4025:
4009:
3993:
3985:
3665:
3577:
3349:
3151:
2720:
2640:
2498:
1391:
took the lead of the cabinet, but he led a very repressive policy. After the
1313:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1110:
919:(1924–1926 and 1932), but they did not participate. The first Cartel saw the
859:
851:
754:
until 1918, was essentially administrative and the real political leader was
658:
627:
609:
494:
4418:
4258:
4163:
3969:
3797:
3742:
3642:
3339:
1636:
1471:
1357:
1247:
1211:
1191:
1159:
1145:
1058:
1026:
1014:
1002:
957:
810:
In 1919, the anti-war socialists were heavily defeated in elections by the
773:
677:
639:
634:) left the federation, which they considered too moderate, and founded the
623:
589:
478:
163:
1353:
1312:, the Communist ministers were excluded from the cabinet led by Socialist
1203:
1081:
855:
3917:
3892:
3727:
3599:
3530:
3406:
3080:
2574:
2487:
1451:
1030:
735:
573:
518:
349:
2816:. Global Action on Aging. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015
2777:
2648:
2616:
1198:, of personalities accused of having caused the country's defeat in the
665:(POSR). Their main objective was to win power through the tactic of the
3731:
3648:
3441:
3322:
3217:
3074:
3055:
2547:
1642:
1388:
1361:
1195:
1038:
920:
815:
796:
771:
governments, although they supported a part of its policy, notably the
723:
529:
502:
176:
2728:
2696:
4662:
3772:
991:
conspiracy to overthrow the Republic, a goal pursued by the royalist
969:
944:
895:
631:
548:
304:
2539:
1427:
had been tailored by Charles de Gaulle to satisfy his needs and his
42:
1428:
1309:
1109:. The terms included a blanket 7–12% wage increase and allowed for
1070:
588:(1951–1969). The SFIO's symbol was a red and black circle with the
1557:
834:
on 25 December 1920, a majority of SFIO members voted to join the
3777:
3296:
2752:
Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923–1940
1586:
1567:
broke away from the Senegalese federation of SFIO and formed the
1034:
988:
474:
450:
that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day
3061:
MacGibbon, D. A. (February 1911). "French Socialism Today: II".
976:
resigned on the next day, handing out the power to conservative
1455:
1190:, later mayor of Marseilles for years, participated along with
3042:
MacGibbon, D. A. (January 1911). "French Socialism Today: I".
1578:
In 1956, another SFIO splinter group appeared in Senegal, the
2927:"Protection of the health of workers in places of employment"
2588:
Fuchs, Günther; Scholze, Scholze; Zimmermann, Detlev (2004).
1606:
259:
2957:
984:
that a government had to resign because of street pressure.
654:(CRC) which represented the French revolutionary tradition.
1605:. The first meeting of the leading committee of MSA met in
1375:
became the major issue of the political debate. During the
1308:. However, the coalition split in May 1947. Because of the
2755:. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften (in German).
1271:'s programme, installing the main elements of the French
1152:
in July 1940, following which the latter proclaimed the
1005:
organisations were created. The Comintern abandoned its
915:
coalition. They supported the government led by Radical
825:
558:
Between 1909 and 1920, the SFIO published the newspaper
1387:, who advocated a peaceful resolution of the conflict.
758:, president of the parliamentary group and director of
722:
The new SFIO party was hemmed between the middle-class
701:
while Jaurès, Allemane and the possibilists formed the
155:
2587:
905:
In both 1924 and 1932, the Socialists joined with the
814:
coalition which played on the middle-classes' fear of
517:) following Germany's declaration of war on France in
1332:. This split was led by former CGT secretary general
931:, caused parliamentary instability. Édouard Herriot,
2996:
Ideology and Politics: The Socialist Party of France
2766:
Contemporary France: Politics and Society Since 1945
2617:"Ideology and Tactics of the French Socialist Party"
1148:
who refused to vote extraordinary powers to Marshal
1136:
in the military defeat of 1940 during World War II.
1053:
was the most supportive of Trotsky's proposal while
1049:) were divided over the issue of entering the SFIO.
767:
Unlike the PRS, SFIO members did not participate in
532:, as did other members of the Second International.
2778:Van der Eyden, T.; Van Der Eyden, A. P. J. (2003).
1259:alliance with the PCF and the Christian-democratic
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
18:
Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière
2764:Hanley, D. L.; Kerr, A. P.; Waites, N. H. (1984).
1241:-based political party rallying the non-Communist
1158:reactionary program and the establishment of the
1025:and bring about the Popular Front. In June 1934,
4697:
4348:Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
3479:Federation of Marxist-Leninist Circles in France
2852:Workers' Participation in Post-liberation France
1540:The SFIO suffered a split in Senegal in 1934 as
1454:coalition led by Mitterrand. It split after the
4343:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
3906:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
1448:Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left
956:split from the SFIO in November 1933 to form a
676:caused debate in the socialist movement. While
2848:
1170:and they eventually went on to be part of the
535:Because of conflicting views towards the 1917
440:Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière
147:Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière
76:"French Section of the Workers' International"
3933:
3819:Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union
3675:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
3585:
3096:
2990:
2988:
2814:"Historique de la Securite Sociale francaise"
2594:. Leipziger Universitätsverlag. p. 148.
1597:party. The Senegalese section of MSA was the
1033:into the SFIO, the origin of the strategy of
960:movement and merged with the PRS to form the
848:French Section of the Communist International
717:
620:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France
564:. In French politics, it affiliated with the
462:in order to create the French section of the
4706:French Section of the Workers' International
4338:French Section of the Workers' International
3602:French Section of the Workers' International
3263:French Section of the Workers' International
555:; while the minority continued as the SFIO.
432:French Section of the Workers' International
144:French Section of the Workers' International
3029:. Dakar: Editions Clairafrique (in French).
2889:. Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
2805:
1466:, the SFIO was refounded as the modern-day
497:, Karl Marx's son in law. The SFIO opposed
30:"SFIO" redirects here. For other uses, see
4358:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
3947:
3940:
3926:
3855:Union of Clubs for the Renewal of the Left
3592:
3578:
3483:Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of France
3414:La Bretagne ouvrière, paysanne et maritime
3110:
3103:
3089:
2985:
2672:The red flag : a history of communism
2669:
1580:Socialist Movement of the Senegalese Union
1166:, an important part also took part in the
1144:A number of SFIO members were part of the
883:Confédération générale du travail unitaire
154:
3258:List of French Communist Party congresses
2994:Codding Jr., George A.; Safran, William.
2882:
2811:
1661:
1654:
1528:Learn how and when to remove this message
1383:, a centre-left coalition led by Radical
1328:(FO) which was supported by the American
1113:(two weeks) and a 40-hour work week. The
866:refused to align themselves with Moscow.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
3493:Convention for a Progressive Alternative
3014:La vie politique sénégalaise (1789–1940)
2525:
2180:
1928:
1916:
1340:three years later. The teachers' union (
539:, the SFIO split in two during the 1920
3525:French Committee of National Liberation
3008:
3006:
3004:
2876:
2842:
1499:not related to the topic of the article
1407:(PSU) in 1960, joined the next year by
14:
4698:
3679:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
3400:L'Enchaîné du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais
3278:Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France
2694:
2614:
2560:
1921:
1612:
663:Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party
4353:Convention of Republican Institutions
3921:
3837:Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party
3573:
3253:History of the French Communist Party
3084:
2771:
1470:. Mollet passed on the leadership to
1379:campaign, the party took part in the
1090:Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party
826:Communist split and the Popular Front
602:France in the long nineteenth century
3001:
2173:
1599:Senegalese Party of Socialist Action
1481:
618:, workers' associations created the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
4363:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
3859:Union of Socialist Groups and Clubs
3498:Pole of Communist Revival in France
1649:
980:. It was the first time during the
505:, although the party abandoned its
24:
3488:Workers' Communist Party of France
3313:National Council of the Resistance
3288:National Front (French Resistance)
3036:
3025:Nzouankeu, Jacques Mariel (1984).
2633:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1977.tb00663.x
1232:
1172:National Council of the Resistance
582:Labour and Socialist International
383:Labour and Socialist International
25:
4732:
1663:Presidency of the French Republic
1477:
1460:1969 French presidential election
1444:1965 French presidential election
1342:Federation for National Education
466:, designated as the party of the
3379:Le Travailleur de Lot-et-Garonne
3027:Les partis politiques sénégalais
2471:
2470:
2442:
2412:
2411:
2384:
2383:
2339:
2338:
2311:
2310:
2283:
2282:
2253:
2252:
2223:
2163:
2162:
2135:
2134:
2107:
2106:
2079:
2078:
2051:
2050:
2023:
2022:
1995:
1994:
1970:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1573:1951 French legislative election
1486:
1377:1956 French legislative election
1023:1936 French legislative election
41:
3019:
2951:
2919:
2910:
2701:Journal of Contemporary History
1322:General Confederation of Labour
1139:
1128:and also over the issue of the
1105:, and removed all obstacles to
740:General Confederation of Labour
693:'s cabinet, which included the
652:Central Revolutionary Committee
52:needs additional citations for
3832:Internationalist Workers Party
3758:National Council of Resistance
3386:Le Travailleur du Centre Ouest
2758:
2743:
2688:
2663:
2608:
2581:
2554:
2519:
2224:
1269:National Council of Resistance
1263:(MRP). This coalition led the
13:
1:
4716:1905 establishments in France
3693:Socialist Revolutionary Party
3012:Zuccarelli, François (1988).
1508:or discuss this issue on the
1399:and the establishment of the
1395:, he supported the return of
1356:'s support, the party leader
1047:International Left Opposition
595:
4395:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
3763:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
3063:Journal of Political Economy
3044:Journal of Political Economy
2512:
1464:Issy-les-Moulineaux Congress
1373:Algerian War of Independence
801:government of national unity
584:(1923–1940) and finally the
547:, the French Section of the
521:, sacrificing its ideals of
7:
4638:Socialist group, associated
3847:Union of the Socialist Left
3293:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
3283:Union of Communist Students
3016:. Paris: CHEAM (in French).
2964:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
2886:A Concise History of France
2481:
1330:Central Intelligence Agency
1261:Popular Republican Movement
1162:. Although some engaged in
1045:(the French section of the
622:(FTSF). Three years later,
10:
4737:
4058:Jean-Christophe Cambadélis
3842:Democratic Socialist Party
3823:Socialist Republican Union
3464:Workers and Peasants Party
2784:. IOS Press. p. 224.
2713:10.1177/002200949102600101
2670:Priestland, David (2009).
1591:African Socialist Movement
1569:Senegalese Democratic Bloc
1546:Senegalese Socialist Party
1544:broke away and formed the
1414:
1366:European Defense Community
1067:Groupe Bolchevik-Leniniste
962:Socialist Republican Union
744:Republican-Socialist Party
732:revolutionary syndicalists
718:Foundation and early years
712:
599:
543:: the majority became the
29:
4655:
4626:
4378:
4330:
4273:
4182:
4095:
3957:
3872:
3806:
3685:Socialist Party of France
3658:
3609:
3546:
3511:
3459:Socialist-Communist Union
3451:
3363:
3303:Union of Russian Patriots
3245:
3120:
2981:– via Google Books.
2834:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2749:Kowalski, Werner (1985).
2674:. New York: Grove Press.
2621:Government and Opposition
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1601:(PSAS) and it was led by
1548:(PSS). As the Senegalese
764:, the party's newspaper,
699:Socialist Party of France
511:national union government
460:Socialist Party of France
448:political party in France
405:
394:
374:International affiliation
373:
363:European Parliament group
361:
335:
323:
295:
285:
265:
255:
245:
240:Socialist Party of France
231:
213:
195:
185:
162:
153:
141:
27:Political party in France
4647:Socialist and Republican
4563:Second Toulouse Congress
4531:Second Grenoble Congress
4459:Bourg-en-Bresse Congress
3503:Movement of Progressives
3393:Le Travailleur du Loiret
1292:During the years of the
1063:Bolshevik-Leninist Group
822:(Blue Horizon Chamber).
509:views and supported the
485:tendency represented by
477:tendency represented by
146:
4183:Presidential candidates
3851:Unified Socialist Party
3768:Revolutionary socialism
3469:Proletarian Unity Party
3328:Institut Maurice Thorez
2849:Steinhouse, A. (2001).
2351:No. of 1st round votes
1405:Unified Socialist Party
1360:was defeated in aid of
1099:Matignon Accords (1936)
1092:(PSOP), with historian
929:World War I reparations
836:Communist International
793:Socialist International
691:Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
638:(POF). The FTSF led by
586:Socialist International
553:Communist International
388:Socialist International
325:Political position
201:; 119 years ago
4668:Desires for the Future
4586:Aubervilliers Congress
4274:Presidential primaries
3950:French Socialist Party
3827:National Popular Rally
3814:French Communist Party
3671:French Socialist Party
3625:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
3435:Les Lettres Françaises
3130:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
3113:French Communist Party
2695:Slavin, David (1991).
2615:Lieber, Nancy (1977).
2528:Social Science History
1861:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
1655:Presidential elections
1625:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
1593:(MSA), an independent
1336:, who was granted the
1294:French Fourth Republic
1251:and the conflict with
1210:and the conservatives
1057:was opposed to it and
1019:French Communist Party
854:. The minority led by
844:Ludovic-Oscar Frossard
703:French Socialist Party
545:French Communist Party
514:
456:French Socialist Party
439:
236:French Socialist Party
219:; 55 years ago
4594:Villeurbanne Congress
4491:Grande Arche Congress
3689:French Workers' Party
3428:Le Prolétaire normand
1917:Legislative elections
1565:Léopold Sédar Senghor
1497:may contain material
1401:French Fifth Republic
1103:collective bargaining
982:French Third Republic
972:leagues. The Radical
966:6 February 1934 riots
820:Chambre bleue horizon
648:Louis Auguste Blanqui
636:French Workers' Party
606:French Third Republic
600:Further information:
576:(1944–1947), and the
528:in favor of national
32:SFIO (disambiguation)
4711:Second International
4627:Parliamentary groups
4387:Alfortville Congress
3793:Democratic socialism
3704:Second International
3547:Parliamentary groups
3474:French Popular Party
2575:10.3917/pox.076.0121
2493:History of socialism
2354:% of 1st round vote
1506:improve this section
1409:Pierre Mendès France
1385:Pierre Mendès France
1155:Révolution nationale
898:union confederation
805:Bolshevik Revolution
707:Second International
473:The SFIO united the
464:Second International
378:Second International
336:National affiliation
310:Democratic socialism
61:improve this article
4674:New Socialist Party
4379:National congresses
4190:François Mitterrand
3978:François Mitterrand
3738:Matignon Agreements
3224:Marie-George Buffet
2855:. Lexington Books.
1930:Chamber of Deputies
1922:Chamber of Deputies
1613:General secretaries
1440:François Mitterrand
1371:Progressively, the
846:, they created the
695:Marquis de Gallifet
687:Alexandre Millerand
630:(the son-in-law of
4609:Marseille Congress
2939:on 9 November 2015
2883:Price, R. (1993).
2453:3,660,250 (in the
2426:4,224,110 (in the
1571:(BDS). During the
1221:At the same time,
1122:Cartel des gauches
1107:union organisation
912:Cartel des Gauches
782:Georges Clemenceau
734:who dominated the
672:In the 1890s, the
616:Marseille Congress
537:Russian Revolution
410:Politics of France
199:25 April 1905
4693:
4692:
4634:National Assembly
4571:Poitiers Congress
4499:Bordeaux Congress
4467:Toulouse Congress
4411:Grenoble Congress
4235:François Hollande
4172:Bernard Cazeneuve
4156:Jean-Marc Ayrault
4034:François Hollande
3960:First Secretaries
3915:
3914:
3748:French Resistance
3611:General Secretary
3567:
3566:
3554:National Assembly
3308:French Resistance
3122:General Secretary
2479:
2478:
2182:National Assembly
2174:National Assembly
2171:
2170:
1914:
1913:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1397:Charles de Gaulle
1338:Nobel Peace Prize
1253:Charles de Gaulle
1130:Spanish Civil War
646:and the heirs of
572:(1936–1938), the
568:(1924–1934), the
483:social-democratic
468:workers' movement
428:
427:
415:Political parties
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4728:
4676:
4619:
4617:
4604:
4602:
4589:
4581:
4579:
4566:
4558:
4550:
4547:Le Mans Congress
4542:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4507:Bourget Congress
4502:
4494:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4451:Valence Congress
4446:
4443:Créteil Congress
4438:
4430:
4422:
4414:
4406:
4398:
4390:
4331:Related articles
4323:
4322:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4230:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4140:Pierre Bérégovoy
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4099:
4088:
4080:
4074:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4018:Henri Emmanuelli
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3961:
3951:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3788:Social democracy
3659:Related articles
3612:
3603:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3421:La Voix de l'Est
3345:Marxism–Leninism
3334:Programme commun
3246:Related articles
3212:Georges Marchais
3200:Georges Marchais
3123:
3114:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3030:
3023:
3017:
3010:
2999:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2932:. Archived from
2931:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2523:
2506:Tunis-Socialiste
2474:
2473:
2466:
2439:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2026:
2025:
2018:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1967:
1926:
1925:
1709:Édouard Vaillant
1659:
1658:
1650:Election results
1533:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1381:Republican Front
1218:, among others.
1208:Édouard Daladier
1202:. They included
1200:Battle of France
1164:collaborationism
1126:Great Depression
1051:Raymond Molinier
1043:Communist League
1017:directives. The
1011:social democracy
994:Action Française
978:Gaston Doumergue
974:Édouard Daladier
941:Raymond Poincaré
862:, Léon Blum and
795:and the wave of
644:Édouard Vaillant
523:internationalist
491:Édouard Vaillant
400:
315:Social democracy
246:Merged into
227:
225:
220:
209:
207:
202:
158:
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4672:
4656:Former factions
4651:
4622:
4611:
4607:
4596:
4592:
4584:
4573:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4529:
4521:
4515:Liévin Congress
4513:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4483:Rennes Congress
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4427:Nantes Congress
4425:
4417:
4409:
4403:Epinay Congress
4401:
4393:
4385:
4374:
4326:
4312:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4221:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:Prime Ministers
4097:
4091:
4083:
4068:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3916:
3911:
3868:
3864:Socialist Party
3802:
3654:
3619:Louis Dubreuilh
3610:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3568:
3563:
3542:
3507:
3447:
3359:
3318:May 1947 crises
3241:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3039:
3037:Further reading
3034:
3033:
3024:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2847:
2843:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2817:
2812:Paul, Susanne.
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2776:
2772:
2763:
2759:
2748:
2744:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2668:
2664:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2586:
2582:
2559:
2555:
2540:10.2307/1171436
2524:
2520:
2515:
2484:
2467:
2464:
2440:
2437:
2408:
2405:
2380:
2377:
2335:
2332:
2307:
2304:
2279:
2276:
2264:
2249:
2246:
2234:
2220:
2217:
2176:
2159:
2156:
2131:
2128:
2103:
2100:
2075:
2072:
2047:
2044:
2019:
2016:
1991:
1988:
1968:
1965:
1924:
1919:
1891:Gaston Defferre
1735:
1657:
1652:
1619:Louis Dubreuilh
1615:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1503:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1468:Socialist Party
1436:Gaston Defferre
1421:Fourth Republic
1417:
1393:May 1958 crisis
1235:
1233:Fourth Republic
1188:Gaston Defferre
1176:Pierre Fourcaud
1150:Philippe Pétain
1142:
1069:, GBL). At the
1041:leaders of the
954:Pierre Renaudel
937:Aristide Briand
923:terrorised and
917:Édouard Herriot
840:Boris Souvarine
828:
752:Louis Dubreuilh
720:
715:
612:
598:
515:Union nationale
507:anti-militarist
452:Socialist Party
424:
398:
386:
381:
368:Socialist Group
353:
348:
343:
319:
275:
250:Socialist Party
238:
223:
221:
218:
217:4 May 1969
205:
203:
200:
190:
181:
149:
148:
145:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4685:Socialist Left
4682:
4677:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4605:
4590:
4582:
4567:
4559:
4555:Reims Congress
4551:
4543:
4539:Dijon Congress
4535:
4527:
4523:Brest Congress
4519:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4475:Lille Congress
4471:
4463:
4455:
4453:(October 1981)
4447:
4445:(January 1981)
4439:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4255:
4243:
4231:
4223:Ségolène Royal
4219:
4205:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4116:Laurent Fabius
4112:
4103:
4101:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4087:(2018–present)
4081:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4006:
4002:Laurent Fabius
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3965:
3963:
3955:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3889:
3883:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3752:Brutus Network
3745:
3740:
3735:
3725:
3723:Tours Congress
3720:
3713:
3706:
3701:
3699:Globe Congress
3696:
3682:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3539:(2008–present)
3534:
3528:
3522:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3268:Tours Congress
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3238:(2018–present)
3236:Fabien Roussel
3233:
3230:Pierre Laurent
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3206:Waldeck Rochet
3203:
3197:
3194:Waldeck Rochet
3191:
3188:Maurice Thorez
3185:
3182:Jacques Duclos
3179:
3176:Maurice Thorez
3173:
3170:Maurice Thorez
3166:Benoît Frachon
3155:
3149:
3143:
3133:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3059:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3018:
3000:
2984:
2970:
2950:
2918:
2909:
2895:
2875:
2861:
2841:
2804:
2790:
2770:
2757:
2742:
2687:
2680:
2662:
2627:(4): 455–473.
2607:
2600:
2580:
2553:
2534:(2): 151–174.
2517:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1831:Vincent Auriol
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1801:Albert Bedouce
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:Gustave Delory
1738:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1536:
1535:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1478:African splits
1476:
1416:
1413:
1326:Workers' Force
1318:Anti-communism
1234:
1231:
1216:Georges Mandel
1206:, the Radical
1184:Brutus Network
1141:
1138:
1134:fall of France
1115:eight-hour day
1086:Marceau Pivert
1055:Pierre Naville
1007:social-fascism
925:capital flight
900:Workers' Force
832:Tours Congress
827:
824:
779:prime minister
719:
716:
714:
711:
674:Dreyfus affair
667:general strike
597:
594:
541:Tours Congress
526:class struggle
426:
425:
423:
422:
417:
412:
406:
403:
402:
396:
392:
391:
375:
371:
370:
365:
359:
358:
337:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
318:
317:
312:
307:
301:
299:
293:
292:
290:Workers' Force
287:
283:
282:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
233:
232:Merger of
229:
228:
215:
211:
210:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
180:
179:
174:
168:
166:
160:
159:
151:
150:
143:
142:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4733:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4435:Metz Congress
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4208:Lionel Jospin
4206:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4148:Lionel Jospin
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4132:Édith Cresson
4129:
4125:
4124:Michel Rocard
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4108:Pierre Mauroy
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4086:
4085:Olivier Faure
4082:
4078:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4042:Martine Aubry
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4026:Lionel Jospin
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4010:Michel Rocard
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:Pierre Mauroy
3991:
3987:
3986:Lionel Jospin
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3952:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:Popular Front
3884:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:Paris Commune
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3519:Popular Front
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3355:Cité Gagarine
3353:
3351:
3350:Eurocommunism
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3152:Pierre Semard
3150:
3147:
3146:Louis Sellier
3144:
3141:
3140:Albert Treint
3137:
3136:Louis Sellier
3134:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3076:
3072:
3069:(2): 98–110.
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2973:
2971:9780857931658
2967:
2963:
2962:
2954:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2913:
2898:
2896:9780521368094
2892:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2864:
2862:9780739102831
2858:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2831:
2815:
2808:
2793:
2791:9781586032913
2787:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2767:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2681:9780802189790
2677:
2673:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2601:9783937209876
2597:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2410:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:No. of seats
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:No. of seats
2196:
2193:
2191:No. of votes
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:No. of seats
1944:
1941:
1939:No. of votes
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:Popular Front
1547:
1543:
1532:
1529:
1521:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1495:This section
1493:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:Paul Ramadier
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1277:nationalising
1274:
1273:welfare state
1270:
1266:
1265:social policy
1262:
1258:
1257:three-parties
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:created with
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:paid vacation
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:Daniel Guérin
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:Radical Party
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:proposed the
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:directive of
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
968:organised by
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:Paul Painlevé
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:Popular Front
885:
884:
879:
875:
874:
869:
865:
864:Albert Thomas
861:
860:Marcel Sembat
857:
853:
852:21 conditions
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
823:
821:
817:
813:
812:National Bloc
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
780:
776:
775:
770:
765:
763:
762:
757:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:Radical Party
725:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
659:Jean Allemane
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Paul Lafargue
625:
621:
617:
611:
610:Paris Commune
607:
603:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:Popular Front
567:
563:
562:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Paul Lafargue
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
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445:
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437:
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404:
397:
393:
389:
384:
379:
376:
372:
369:
366:
364:
360:
356:
351:
346:
345:Popular Front
341:
338:
334:
331:
328:
326:
322:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
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302:
300:
298:
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117:December 2022
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4419:Pau Congress
4369:Le Populaire
4367:
4337:
4259:Anne Hidalgo
4247:Benoît Hamon
4164:Manuel Valls
4076:
4066:Rachid Temal
4050:Harlem Désir
3970:Alain Savary
3891:
3880:Lefts Cartel
3798:Neosocialism
3743:The Vichy 80
3717:Le Populaire
3715:
3708:
3643:Daniel Mayer
3636:
3600:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3364:Publications
3340:Unitary Left
3332:
3273:Headquarters
3262:
3162:Pierre Célor
3066:
3062:
3050:(1): 36–46.
3047:
3043:
3026:
3021:
3013:
2995:
2975:. Retrieved
2960:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2934:the original
2921:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2885:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2851:
2844:
2818:. Retrieved
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2780:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2751:
2745:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2671:
2665:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2590:
2583:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2504:
2497:
1637:Daniel Mayer
1603:Lamine Guèye
1584:
1577:
1562:
1542:Lamine Guèye
1539:
1524:
1515:
1504:Please help
1496:
1472:Alain Savary
1433:
1425:constitution
1418:
1370:
1358:Daniel Mayer
1346:
1334:Léon Jouhaux
1298:
1291:
1287:
1267:inspired by
1246:
1236:
1220:
1212:Paul Reynaud
1192:Daniel Mayer
1160:Vichy regime
1153:
1143:
1140:World War II
1121:
1119:
1075:
1066:
1059:Pierre Frank
1027:Leon Trotsky
1015:united front
1013:in favor of
1003:anti-fascist
992:
986:
958:neosocialist
910:
904:
892:Léon Jouhaux
890:government.
881:
877:
873:Le Populaire
871:
829:
819:
809:
790:
786:René Viviani
772:
766:
759:
748:
736:trade unions
721:
678:Jules Guesde
671:
656:
650:founded the
640:Paul Brousse
624:Jules Guesde
613:
590:Three Arrows
559:
557:
534:
479:Jules Guesde
472:
443:
431:
429:
340:Lefts Cartel
281:(until 1920)
276:
271:Le Populaire
269:
256:Headquarters
189:Jules Guesde
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4721:Jean Jaurès
4612: [
4597: [
4574: [
4397:(July 1969)
4313: [
4174:(2016–2017)
4166:(2014–2016)
4158:(2012–2014)
4150:(1997–2002)
4142:(1992–1993)
4134:(1991–1992)
4126:(1988–1991)
4118:(1984–1986)
4110:(1981–1984)
4069: [
4060:(2014–2017)
4052:(2012–2014)
4044:(2008–2012)
4036:(1997–2008)
4028:(1995–1997)
4020:(1994–1995)
4012:(1993–1994)
4004:(1992–1993)
3996:(1988–1992)
3988:(1981–1988)
3980:(1971–1981)
3972:(1969–1971)
3908:(1965–1968)
3902:(1947–1958)
3900:Third Force
3896:(1944–1947)
3893:Tripartisme
3888:(1936–1938)
3882:(1924–1934)
3807:Derivatives
3783:Possibilism
3728:French Turn
3651:(1946−1969)
3645:(1943−1946)
3639:(1940−1943)
3633:(1920−1940)
3627:(1918−1920)
3621:(1905−1918)
3533:(1997–2002)
3531:Plural Left
3527:(1940–1947)
3521:(1936–1938)
3452:Derivatives
3407:Front rouge
3232:(2010–2018)
3226:(2001–2010)
3220:(1994–2001)
3214:(1972–1994)
3202:(1969–1972)
3196:(1964–1969)
3190:(1953–1964)
3184:(1950–1953)
3178:(1930–1950)
3172:(1929–1930)
3158:Henri Barbé
3154:(1924–1929)
3142:(1923–1924)
3132:(1921–1923)
2902:22 February
2868:11 February
2820:11 February
2797:11 February
2707:(1): 5–32.
2488:French Left
1736:(September)
1645:(1946−1969)
1639:(1943−1946)
1633:(1920−1940)
1627:(1918−1920)
1621:(1905−1918)
1595:pan-African
1554:Saint-Louis
1452:centre-left
1349:Third Force
1282:Félix Gouin
1223:Marcel Déat
1180:Félix Gouin
1031:French Turn
950:Marcel Déat
830:During the
807:in Russia.
756:Jean Jaurès
682:Jean Jaurès
578:Third Force
574:Tripartisme
566:Left Cartel
519:World War I
499:colonialism
487:Jean Jaurès
390:(1951–1969)
385:(1923–1940)
380:(1905–1916)
357:(1947–1958)
355:Third Force
352:(1944–1947)
350:Tripartisme
347:(1936–1938)
342:(1924–1934)
286:Trade union
274:(from 1918)
191:Jean Jaurès
172:Jean Jaurès
4700:Categories
4389:(May 1969)
4077:ad interim
3732:Trotskyism
3710:L'Humanité
3649:Guy Mollet
3631:Paul Faure
3537:Left Front
3442:Pif Gadget
3372:L'Humanité
3218:Robert Hue
2943:17 October
2569:(4): 121.
2499:L'A. O. F.
2398:2,298,729
2370:3,167,354
2325:3,247,431
2297:2,894,001
2269:3,433,901
2265:(November)
2239:4,187,747
2210:4,561,411
2194:% of vote
2149:1,955,306
2121:1,964,384
2093:1,708,972
2065:1,814,000
2037:1,728,663
2009:1,413,044
1981:1,110,561
1942:% of vote
1895:1 133 222
1771:Paul Faure
1678:2nd round
1675:1st round
1672:Candidate
1643:Guy Mollet
1631:Paul Faure
1450:(FGDS), a
1389:Guy Mollet
1362:Guy Mollet
1306:referendum
1302:referendum
1243:Resistance
1227:Paul Faure
1196:Riom Trial
1168:Resistance
1039:Trotskyist
997:and other
921:right-wing
902:(CGT-FO).
878:L'Humanité
868:Paul Faure
816:Bolshevism
797:patriotism
761:L'Humanité
596:Background
561:L'Humanité
530:patriotism
503:militarism
278:L'Humanité
224:1969-05-04
206:1905-04-25
177:Guy Mollet
87:newspapers
4680:Royalists
4663:Aubryists
3873:Alliances
3773:Blanquism
2737:162339547
2721:0022-0094
2657:144702684
2641:0017-257X
2513:Footnotes
2438:114 / 491
2305:107 / 625
2277:102 / 627
2247:128 / 586
2218:134 / 522
2157:149 / 610
2129:132 / 607
2101:100 / 604
2073:104 / 581
2017:103 / 595
1563:In 1948,
1510:talk page
1354:Léon Blum
1204:Léon Blum
1186:in which
1082:Léon Blum
1001:leagues,
999:far-right
970:far-right
945:bourgeois
896:reformist
856:Léon Blum
769:Left Bloc
632:Karl Marx
549:Bolshevik
513:(French:
481:with the
420:Elections
330:Left-wing
305:Socialism
266:Newspaper
214:Dissolved
2830:cite web
2649:44482172
2482:See also
2465:57 / 487
2406:65 / 491
2378:40 / 576
2333:95 / 595
2045:67 / 613
1989:75 / 595
1966:54 / 585
1958:877,221
1518:May 2019
1429:Gaullism
1310:Cold War
1146:Vichy 80
1071:Mulhouse
907:Radicals
730:and the
724:liberals
458:and the
446:) was a
297:Ideology
186:Founders
3778:Marxism
3512:Related
3297:FTP-MOI
3075:1820604
3056:1820482
2563:Politix
2548:1171436
2360:Change
2200:Change
1948:Change
1587:Conakry
1442:to the
1415:Decline
1248:laïcité
1101:set up
1035:entrism
989:fascist
909:in the
774:laïcité
746:(PRS).
726:of the
713:History
475:Marxist
395:Colours
222: (
204: (
196:Founded
101:scholar
4643:Senate
4618:(2023)
4603:(2021)
4588:(2018)
4580:(2015)
4565:(2012)
4557:(2008)
4549:(2005)
4541:(2003)
4533:(2000)
4525:(1997)
4517:(1994)
4509:(1993)
4501:(1992)
4493:(1991)
4485:(1990)
4477:(1987)
4469:(1985)
4461:(1983)
4437:(1979)
4429:(1977)
4421:(1975)
4413:(1973)
4405:(1971)
3637:Vacant
3559:Senate
3208:(1972)
3148:(1924)
3073:
3054:
2968:
2893:
2859:
2788:
2735:
2729:260628
2727:
2719:
2678:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2598:
2546:
2235:(June)
2152:19.86
2124:20.51
2096:18.05
2068:20.10
2040:21.22
2012:16.76
1984:13.15
1877:37.77
1868:17.24
1838:51.19
1808:16.70
1778:14.67
1692:Votes
1683:Votes
1456:May 68
1239:labour
1037:. The
738:. The
608:, and
436:French
399:
164:Leader
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4616:]
4601:]
4578:]
4321:]
4073:]
3071:JSTOR
3052:JSTOR
2977:4 May
2937:(PDF)
2930:(PDF)
2733:S2CID
2725:JSTOR
2653:S2CID
2645:JSTOR
2544:JSTOR
2460:16.5
2433:19.0
2401:12.5
2373:15.5
2348:Year
2328:15.3
2300:15.4
2272:17.9
2242:21.1
2213:23.8
2188:Year
1961:9.95
1936:Year
1898:5.01
1748:8.78
1725:8.03
1716:7.27
1698:Rank
1689:Rank
1669:Year
1607:Dakar
1558:Thiès
551:-led
260:Paris
108:JSTOR
94:books
4310:2021
4303:2017
4296:2011
4289:2006
4282:1995
4263:2022
4251:2017
4239:2012
4227:2007
4216:2002
4212:1995
4202:1988
4198:1981
4194:1974
3691:and
3677:and
3323:MRAP
3168:and
3138:and
2979:2018
2966:ISBN
2945:2015
2904:2015
2891:ISBN
2870:2015
2857:ISBN
2836:link
2822:2015
2799:2015
2786:ISBN
2717:ISSN
2676:ISBN
2637:ISSN
2596:ISBN
2455:FGDS
2449:1968
2428:FGDS
2422:1967
2394:1962
2366:1958
2321:1956
2293:1951
2263:1946
2233:1946
2206:1945
2145:1936
2117:1932
2089:1928
2061:1924
2033:1919
2005:1914
1977:1910
1954:1906
1901:4th
1886:1969
1880:2nd
1874:329
1871:1st
1865:160
1856:1953
1841:1st
1835:452
1826:1947
1811:2nd
1805:151
1796:1939
1781:2nd
1775:114
1766:1932
1751:2nd
1734:1920
1728:3rd
1719:3rd
1704:1913
1214:and
1182:the
952:and
935:and
842:and
626:and
501:and
493:and
444:SFIO
430:The
80:news
2709:doi
2629:doi
2571:doi
2536:doi
2475:57
2416:18
2388:55
2343:12
2287:26
2167:17
2139:32
2083:36
2055:34
2027:27
1999:21
1745:69
1722:69
1713:63
689:in
401:Red
63:by
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4636::
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