William Pitt the Younger

1891: 890:, who became a lifelong friend and political ally in Parliament. Pitt tended to socialise only with fellow students and others already known to him, rarely venturing outside the university grounds. Yet he was described as charming and friendly. According to Wilberforce, Pitt had an exceptional wit along with an endearingly gentle sense of humour: "no man ... ever indulged more freely or happily in that playful facetiousness which gratifies all without wounding any." An example of Pitt's innocent wit was recorded by Sir John Sinclair. In the early years' of Pitt's ministry there was great interest in the new young First minister. Sinclair was required to write an account of Pitt to satisfy foreign curiosity when he was abroad. At the end of a long description of Britain's eminent leader he added: ‘Of all the places where you have been, where did you fare best?’ My answer was, ‘In Poland; for the nobility live there with uncommon taste and splendour; their cooks are French,- their confectioners Italian, - and their wine Tokey.’ He immediately observed, ‘I have heard before of The Polish diet.’ 2536:

however, significant differences. The younger Pitt's eloquence, unlike his father's, included the force of sustained reasoned exposition. This was perhaps in part expression of his thoroughly professional approach to politics, so unlike his father's, but possibly deriving something from Shelburne. The younger Pitt was continuously engaged in depth with major issues of his day. He regularly and energetically sought the best information. He was genuinely progressive, as his father was not, on parliamentary reform, Catholic emancipation, commercial policy, and administrative reform. His constructive capacity in his chief responsibility, financial policy and administration, far surpassed his father's record, if it was less impressive and perhaps more equally matched in foreign and imperial policy and strategy. With good reason, his long career in high office was the mirror image of his father's short tenure. In contrast, only briefly was Chatham able to rise to the challenge of his age. By his last decade time had passed him by.

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wanted to replace his friend Westmorland, who was Lord Lieutenant, with Lord Camden, whom he could trust. However, one of Portland's group, Earl Fitzwilliam, wanted the position. Pitt, to keep Portland on side, appointed Fitzwilliam but allowed the new Lord Liuetantant to believe that he had free range to reform the government in Ireland. Thus when Fitzwilliam's reforms became public in London he was quickly recalled and Camden replaced him. This ensred Pitt had his man in Dublin Castle, whilst also retaining Portland and his group. The unfortunate effect was to produce optimism amongst Irish Catholics who wanted political reform. In May 1798, the long-simmering unrest in Ireland exploded into outright rebellion with the

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English, and declaim impromptu upon unfamiliar topics in an effort to develop his oratorical skills. Pitt's father, who had by then been raised to the peerage as Earl of Chatham, died in 1778. As the younger son, Pitt received only a small inheritance.In the months following the death of the Earl of Chatham, Pitt was forced to defend his father's reputation. This came about when the Bute family made claims that the late Lord had sought out the Earl of Bute with the desire to form a political coalition. Pitt although just over nineteen years of age publically argued that this was not the case. Faced with Pitt's arguments the Bute family backed off and ceased making their claims. He acquired his legal education at

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came time to make peace with the French republic. The British historian Michael Duffy argued that since Pitt committed far more manpower and money to the Caribbean expeditions, especially the one to St. Domingue, than he ever did to Europe in the years 1793–1798, it is proper to view the West Indies as Britain's main theatre of war and Europe as more of a sideshow. By 1795, 50% of the British Army was deployed in the West Indies (with the largest contingent in St. Domingue), whereas the rest of the British Army was divided among Britain, Europe, India, and North America.

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resolved. Lord Spencer, the First Lord of the Admiralty recalled how calm Pitt was. Very late one evening after visiting the Minister with desperate news of the fleet, as Spencer proceeded away from Downing Street he remembered he had some more information to give to Pitt. He immediately returned to Number 10 only to be infomred that Pitt was fast asleep. Henry Dundas, who was President of the Board of Control, Treasurer of the Navy, Secretary at War and a close friend of Pitt, envied the First Minister for his ability to sleep well in all crcumstances.

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revolutionaries. Pitt, due to economic reasons, wanted to remain aloof from War with France. However, this option was taken away from him by an ultimatum from King George III. Pitt could either resign or go to war. Committed to making Britain financially stable Pitt agreed, albeit very reluctantly, to go to war against the French Revolutionaries. Though France's declaration of hostilities against Britain meant that Britain was forced into war. Subsequently, in 1794, Pitt's administration

2432: 1706: 950:. Pitt's first speech made a dramatic impression. Sir John Sinclair, member of Parliament for Lostwithiel, thought that Pitt's first speech was never surpassed and ‘rarely equalled by any ever delivered in that assembly.’ When Pitt resumed his seat after finishing speaking there was thunderous applause. Sinclair noted that there was ‘utter astonishment … by an audience accustomed to the most splendid efforts of eloquence.’ Pitt originally aligned himself with prominent 1469: 2497: 2483:, a clear reference to homosexuality. Socially, Pitt preferred the company of young men, and would continue to do so into his thirties and forties. It may be that Pitt had homosexual leanings but suppressed any urge to act on them for the sake of his ambitions. He could be charming to women, but it seems certain that he rejected intimacy whenever it was proffered—and would do so publicly at a later date. In practical terms it appears that Pitt was essentially 2528:. Hague goes on to note that the failure was likely due to Pitt being a "spent force" by the time favourable conditions had arisen. In Hague's opinion, Pitt's long premiership, "tested the natural limits of how long it is possible to be at the top. From 1783 to 1792, he faced each fresh challenge with brilliance; from 1793 he showed determination but sometimes faltered; and from 1804 he was worn down by ... the combination of a narrow majority and war". 7068: 47: 2049:, his political friend, to form a new administration. At about the same time, however, the king suffered a renewed bout of madness, with the consequence that Addington could not receive his formal appointment. Though he had resigned, Pitt temporarily continued to discharge his duties; on 18 February 1801, he brought forward the annual budget. Power was transferred from Pitt to Addington on 14 March, when the king recovered. 919:, but lost, coming bottom of the poll of the five candidates. Pitt had campaigned on his own merit, not as part of any group or with prominent backers. He explained to a friend that 'I do not wish to be thought inlisted in any party or to call myself anything but the Independent Whig, which in words is hardly a distinction, as every one alike pretends to it.' intent on entering Parliament, Pitt secured the patronage of 1064: 1042:. The result was a crisis from 1776 to 1783. The peace in 1783 left France financially prostrate, while the British economy boomed due to the return of American business. That crisis ended in 1784 as a result of the king's shrewdness in outwitting Fox and renewed confidence in the system engendered by the leadership of Pitt. Historians conclude that the loss of the American colonies enabled Britain to deal with the 1284:. Pitt, however, took the unprecedented step of refusing to resign, despite this defeat. He retained the support of the king, who would not entrust the reins of power to the Fox–North Coalition. He also received the support of the House of Lords, which passed supportive motions, and many messages of support from the country at large, in the form of petitions approving of his appointment which influenced some 1848:

their former slaves, and the expedition to St. Domingue could not be abandoned. The British attempt to conquer St. Domingue in 1793 ended in disaster; the British pulled out on 31 August 1798 after having spent 4 million pounds (roughly £500 million in 2023) and having lost about 100,000 men—dead or crippled for life, mostly from disease—over the preceding five years. The British historian Sir

1375: 1021:. He raised the issue of parliamentary reform in order to strain the uneasy Fox–North coalition, which included both supporters and detractors of reform. He did not advocate an expansion of the electoral franchise, but he did seek to address bribery and rotten boroughs. Though his proposal failed, many reformers in Parliament came to regard him as their leader, instead of Charles James Fox. 1905:

caused the latter to support the Crown. Realising that the Catholic church was an ally in the struggle against the French revolution, Pitt had tried fruitlessly to persuade the Dublin parliament to loosen the anti-Catholic laws to "keep things quiet in Ireland". Pitt's efforts to soften the anti-Catholic laws failed in the face of determined resistance from the families of the

1366:. In 1785, he introduced a bill to remove the representation of thirty-six rotten boroughs, and to extend, in a small way, the electoral franchise to more individuals. Pitt's support for the bill, however, was not strong enough to prevent its defeat in the House of Commons. The bill of 1785 was the last parliamentary reform proposal introduced by Pitt to British legislators. 1768:, which was written in the 1790s, but not published until 1817, one of the characters remarks that it is not possible for a family to keep secrets in these modern times when spies for the government were lurking everywhere. This comment captures well the tense, paranoid atmosphere of the 1790s, when people were being encouraged to report "radicals" to the authorities. 1348:, a constituency he had long coveted and which he would continue to represent for the remainder of his life. Pitt's new constituency suited him perfectly as he was able to act independently. Sir James Lowther's pocket borough of Appleby, which had been Pitt's revious constituency had strings attached. Now Pitt could really be the 'independent Whig' he identified as. 1918:

much opposed to Catholic relief and the repeal of their political disabilities which were contained in the Test and Corporation Laws. In much of rural Ireland, law and order had broken down as an economic crisis further impoverished the already poor Irish peasantry, and a sectarian war with many atrocities on both sides had begun in 1793 between Catholic "

1579:. The Prince, however, was a supporter of Charles James Fox. Had the Prince come to power, he would almost surely have dismissed Pitt. He did not have such an opportunity, however, as Parliament spent months debating legal technicalities relating to the regency. Fortunately for Pitt, the king recovered in February 1789, just after a 1292:. When he returned from the ceremony to mark this, men of the City pulled Pitt's coach home themselves, as a sign of respect. When passing a Whig club, the coach came under attack from a group of men who tried to assault Pitt. When news of this spread, it was assumed Fox and his associates had tried to bring down Pitt by any means. 1502:. The new tax helped offset losses in indirect tax revenue, which had been caused by a decline in trade. Pitt's two policies of suspending cash payments and introducing Income Tax were later cited by the French Minister of Finance as being 'genius'. As they had stopped the French from destroying Britain's economy. 2128:. Although Addington had previously invited him to join the Cabinet, Pitt preferred to join the Opposition, becoming increasingly critical of the government's policies. Addington, unable to face the combined opposition of Pitt and Fox, saw his majority gradually evaporate and resigned in late April 1804. 2523:

considers the unfinished abolition of the slave trade to be Pitt's greatest failure. He notes that by the end of Pitt's career, conditions were in place that would have allowed a skillful attempt to pass an abolition bill to succeed, partly because of the long campaigning Pitt had encouraged with his

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With a population of 16 million, the United Kingdom was barely half the size of France, which had a population of 30 million. In terms of soldiers, however, the French numerical advantage was offset by British subsidies that paid for a large proportion of the Austrian and Russian soldiers, peaking at

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Pitt finally returned to the premiership on 10 May 1804. He had originally planned to form a broad coalition government, with both the Tories and Whigs under one government. But Pitt faced the opposition of George III to the inclusion of Fox, due to the king's dislike. Moreover, many of Pitt's former

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is incorrect, stating there is much evidence of a "popular conservative movement" that rallied in defence of King and Country. Evans wrote that there were about 200 prosecutions of "radicals" suspected of sympathy with the French revolution in British courts in the 1790s, which was much less than the

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In 1776, Pitt, plagued by poor health, took advantage of a little-used privilege available only to the sons of noblemen, and chose to graduate without having to pass examinations. Pitt's father was said to have insisted that his son spontaneously translate passages of classical literature orally into

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Pitt was regarded as an outstanding administrator who worked for efficiency and reform, bringing in a new generation of competent administrators. He increased taxes to pay for the great war against France and cracked down on radicalism. To counter the threat of Irish support for France, he engineered

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by 50%, while increasing the roster of sailors from 15,000 to 133,000 in eight years after the war began in 1793. The British national output remained strong, and the well-organised business sector channelled products into what the military needed. France, meanwhile, saw its navy shrink by more than

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The British landed in St. Domingue on 20 September 1793, stating they had come to protect the white population from the blacks, and were able to seize some coastal enclaves. The fact that the British had come to restore slavery in St. Domingue inspired ferocious resistance from the Haitians, who had

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In 1788, Pitt faced a major crisis when the king fell victim to a mysterious illness, a form of mental disorder that incapacitated him. If the sovereign was incapable of fulfilling his constitutional duties, Parliament would need to appoint a regent to rule in his place. All factions agreed that the

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Pitt always paid careful attention to financial issues. A fifth of Britain's imports were smuggled in without paying taxes. He made it easier for honest merchants to import goods by lowering tariffs on easily smuggled items such as tea, wine, spirits, and tobacco. This policy raised customs revenues

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to gain the patronage he so greatly lacked while the king refused to support him. Fox stated the bill was necessary to save the company from bankruptcy. Pitt responded that: "Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom. It is the argument of tyrants; it is the creed of slaves." The

2626:, in which Simon Osborne plays a fictionalised Pitt as a petulant teenager who has just come to power "right in the middle of exams" in the episode "Dish and Dishonesty". A fictionalised younger brother, "Pitt the Even Younger", appeared as a candidate standing in the Dunny-on-the-Wold by-election. 2535:

Having some of his father's volatility and much of the self-confidence bordering on arrogance, the younger Pitt inherited superb and carefully nurtured oratorical gifts. These gave him, like his father, unsurpassed command of the Commons and power to embody the national will in wartime. There were,

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making it unlawful to advocate breaking oaths to the Crown. In 1798, he passed the Defence of the Realm act, which further restricted civil liberties. Despite the major concerns to Britain's defences when the navy mutinied Pitt remained calm and in control. He was confident that the matter would be

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earlier in 1795, when the British landed a force of French royalists on the coast of France who were annihilated by the forces of the republic, Pitt had decided it was crucial for Britain to have St. Domingue, no matter what the cost in lives and money, to improve Britain's negotiating hand when it

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would not be inspired to revolt likewise. Many of those who owned slave plantations in the British West Indies had been greatly alarmed by the revolution, which began in 1791, and they were strongly pressing Pitt to restore slavery in St. Domingue, lest their own slaves be inspired to seek freedom.

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Another important domestic issue with which Pitt had to concern himself was the national debt, which had doubled to £243 million during the American war. Every year, a third of the budget of £24 million went to pay interest. Pitt sought to reduce the national debt by imposing new taxes. In 1786, he

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in 1795, when the latter had indicated he would support a bill for Catholic relief. In fact, the actions of Fitzwiliam had been encouraged by Pitt who wanted an excuse to remove itzwilliam and replace him with the Earl of Camden, however, Pitt had managed this feat without witnesses. Pitt was very

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wrote that Pitt and his cabinet had tried to destroy French power "in these pestilent islands ... only to discover, when it was too late, that they practically destroyed the British army". Fortescue concluded that Pitt's attempt to add St. Domingue to the British empire had killed off most of

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As the British death toll, largely caused by yellow fever, continued to climb, Pitt was criticised in the House of Commons. Several MPs suggested it might be better to abandon the expedition, but Pitt insisted that Britain had given its word of honour that it would protect the French planters from

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so that £1 million a year was added to a fund so that it could accumulate interest; eventually, the money in the fund was to be used to pay off the national debt. Pitt had learned of the idea of the 'Sinking Fund' from his father in 1772. Earl Chatham had been informed of the Welshman, Sir Richard

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launching a revolt to win independence for Ireland. Pitt took an extremely repressive approach to the United Irishmen with the Crown executing about 1,500 United Irishmen after the revolt. The revolt of 1798 destroyed Pitt's faith in the governing competence of the Dublin parliament (dominated by

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and bribes paid by the Treasury were normally expected to be enough to secure the government a comfortable majority in the House of Commons, but on this occasion, the government reaped much popular support as well. In most popular constituencies, the election was fought between candidates clearly

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Pitt was happiest among his Cambridge companions or family. He had no social ambitions, and it was rare for him to set out to make a friend. The talented collaborators of his first 18 months in office—Beresford, Wyvil and Twining—passed in and out of his mind along with their areas of expertise.

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grew. Influenced by the American and French revolutions, this movement demanded independence and republicanism for Ireland. The United Irishmen Society was very anti-clerical, being equally opposed to the "superstitions" promoted by both the Church of England and the Roman Catholic church, which

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Pitt maintained close control over Ireland. The Lord Lieutenants were to follow his policy of Protestant control and very little reform for the Catholic majority. When the opposition Portland group joined Pitt's ministry, splitting the Foxite opposition, Pitt was put in a difficult situation. He

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Throughout the 1790s, the war against France was presented as an ideological struggle between French republicanism vs. British monarchism with the British government seeking to mobilise public opinion in support of the war. The Pitt government waged a vigorous propaganda campaign contrasting the

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A constitutional crisis arose when the king dismissed the Fox–North coalition government and named Pitt to replace it. Though faced with a hostile majority in Parliament, Pitt was able to solidify his position within a few months. Some historians argue that his success was inevitable given the

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Pitt gained great popularity with the public at large as "Honest Billy" who was seen as a refreshing change from the dishonesty, corruption and lack of principles widely associated with both Fox and North. Despite a series of defeats in the House of Commons, Pitt defiantly remained in office,

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when it had powerful enemies and no allies, depended on extended and vulnerable transatlantic lines of communication, and was faced for the first time since the 17th century by both Protestant and Catholic foes. The defeat heightened dissension and escalated political antagonism to the king's

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ordered society of Britain dominated by the aristocracy and the gentry vs. the "anarchy" of the French revolution and always sought to associate British "radicals" with the revolution in France. Some of the writers the British government subsidized (often from Secret Service funds) included

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William Pitt the Younger was a prime minister who consolidated the powers of his office. Though he was sometimes opposed by members of his Cabinet, he helped define the role of the Prime Minister as the supervisor and co-ordinator of the various government departments. After his death the

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An early favourable response to the French Revolution encouraged many in Great Britain to reopen the issue of parliamentary reform, which had been dormant since Pitt's reform bill was defeated in 1785. The reformers, however, were quickly labelled as radicals and associates of the French

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By 1814, the budget that Pitt in his last years had largely shaped had expanded to £66 million, including £10 million for the Navy, £40 million for the Army, £10 million for the Allies, and £38 million as interest on the national debt. The national debt soared to £679 million, more than

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by threatening to regard anyone who voted for it as his enemy. Following the bill's failure in the Upper House, George III dismissed the coalition government and finally entrusted the premiership to William Pitt, after having offered the position to him three times previously.

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Pitt's debts amounted to £40,000 (equivalent to £4,100,000 in 2023) when he died, but Parliament agreed to pay them on his behalf. A motion was made to honour him with a public funeral and a monument; it passed despite some opposition. Pitt's body was buried in

1879:". The French expeditions to Ireland in 1796 and 1798 (to support the United Irishmen) were regarded by Pitt as near-misses that might have provided an Irish base for French attacks on Britain, thus making the "Irish Question" a national security matter. As the 6024: 1962:

shook the government (sailors demanded a pay increase to match inflation). This mutiny occurred at the same moment that the Franco-Dutch alliance were preparing an invasion of Britain. To regain control of the fleet, Pitt agreed to navy pay increases and had

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representing either Pitt or Fox and North. Early returns showed a massive swing to Pitt with the result that many Opposition Members who still had not faced election either defected, stood down, or made deals with their opponents to avoid expensive defeats.

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Many saw Pitt as a stop-gap appointment until some more senior statesman took on the role. However, although it was widely predicted that the new "mince-pie administration" would not outlast the Christmas season, it survived for seventeen years.

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One of Pitt's accomplishments was a rehabilitation of the nation's finances after the American War of Independence. Pitt made changes to the tax system in order to improve its capture of revenue, which helped manage the mounting national debt.

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In 1797, Pitt was forced to protect the kingdom's gold reserves by preventing individuals from exchanging banknotes for gold. Great Britain would continue to use paper money for over two decades. Pitt also introduced Great Britain's first-ever

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drawing attention to Pitt's lack of knowledge of women: "Tis true, indeed, we oft abuse him,/Because he bends to no man;/But slander's self dares not accuse him/Of stiffness to a woman." Others made snide references to Pitt's friendship with

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in 1790, Pitt took advantage of the alliance to force Spain to give up its claim to exclusive control over the western coast of North and South America. The Alliance, however, failed to produce any other important benefits for Great Britain.

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candidates to secure one of the two seats for the constituency. Great legal wranglings ensued, including the examination of every single vote cast, which dragged on for more than a year. Meanwhile, Fox sat for the Scottish pocket borough of

994:. Many Whigs who had formed a part of the Rockingham ministry, including Fox, now refused to serve under Lord Shelburne, the new prime minister. Pitt, however, was comfortable with Shelburne, and thus joined his government; he was appointed 787:

concludes that he was one of the greatest prime ministers "if on no other ground than that he enabled the country to pass from the old order to the new without any violent upheaval ... He understood the new Britain." For this he is

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argues that his personality did not endear itself to the British mind, for Pitt was too solitary and too colourless, and too often exuded an attitude of superiority. His greatness came in the war with France. Pitt reacted to become what

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ministers. Inside parliament, the primary concern changed from fears of an over-mighty monarch to the issues of representation, parliamentary reform, and government retrenchment. Reformers sought to destroy what they saw as widespread

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Pitt's lack of interest in enlarging his social circle meant that it did not grow to encompass any women outside his own family, a fact that produced a good deal of rumour. From late 1784, a series of satirical verses appeared in

1280:, Pitt offered Charles James Fox and his allies posts in the Cabinet; Pitt's refusal to include Lord North, however, thwarted his efforts. The new government was immediately on the defensive and in January 1784 was defeated on a 8668: 966:, make peace with the rebellious American colonies. Pitt also supported parliamentary reform measures, including a proposal that would have checked electoral corruption. He renewed his friendship with William Wilberforce, now 1344:. Many saw the dragging out of the result as being unduly vindictive on the part of Pitt and eventually the examinations were abandoned with Fox declared elected. Elsewhere, Pitt won a personal triumph when he was elected a 1113: 3047: 1001:

Fox, who became Pitt's lifelong political rival, then joined a coalition with Lord North, with whom he collaborated to bring about the defeat of the Shelburne administration. When Lord Shelburne resigned in 1783, King

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Though the Pitt government did drastically reduce civil liberties and created a nationwide spy network with ordinary people being encouraged to denounce any "radicals" that might be in their midst, the historian

2325:. Critical to his success in confronting Napoleon was using Britain's superior economic resources. He was able to mobilise the nation's industrial and financial resources and apply them to defeating France. 2032:

by granting concessions to Roman Catholics, who formed a 75% majority of the population in Ireland, by abolishing various political restrictions under which they suffered. The king was strongly opposed to

8663: 2519:, the year after his death. The 1792 Slave Trade Bill passed the House of Commons mangled and mutilated by the modifications and amendments of Pitt, it lay for years, in the House of Lords. Biographer 2301:

I return you many thanks for the honour you have done me; but Europe is not to be saved by any single man. England has saved herself by her exertions, and will, as I trust, save Europe by her example.

1836:, the much dreaded "black vomit", made conquering St. Domingue impossible, but an undeterred Pitt launched what he called the "great push" in 1795, sending out an even larger British expedition. 1697:, at this point Britain had only a very small standing army, and thus contributed to the war effort mainly through sea power and by supplying funds to other coalition members facing France. 1006:, who despised Fox, offered to appoint Pitt to the office of prime minister. But Pitt wisely declined, for he knew he would be incapable of securing the support of the House of Commons. The 2074:

Shortly after leaving office, Pitt supported the new administration under Addington, but with little enthusiasm; he frequently absented himself from Parliament, preferring to remain in his

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to oversee the affairs of the East India Company. It differed from Fox's failed India Bill 1783 and specified that the board would be appointed by the king. Pitt was appointed, along with

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with more unity and organisation than would otherwise have been the case. Britain turned towards Asia, the Pacific, and later Africa with subsequent exploration leading to the rise of the

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The general elections of 1790 resulted in a majority for the government, and Pitt continued as prime minister. In 1791, he proceeded to address one of the problems facing the growing

1425:. Further augmentations and clarifications of the governor-general's authority were made in 1786, presumably by Lord Sydney, and presumably as a result of the company's setting up of 1077: 2515:

Some of Pitt's domestic plans were not successful; he failed to secure parliamentary reform, emancipation, or the abolition of the slave trade although this last took place with the

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in September 1795 were fanatically committed to upholding Protestant supremacy in Ireland at "almost any cost". In December 1796, a French invasion of Ireland led by General

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The whole cost of the war came to £831 million. The French financial system was inadequate and Napoleon's forces had to rely in part on requisitions from conquered lands.

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the British army, cost the British treasury a fortune and weakened British influence in Europe, making British power "fettered, numbered and paralysed", all for nothing.

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was handled more repressively. Pitt refused to negotiate with Parker, whom he wanted to see hanged as a mutineer. In response to the 1797 mutinies, Pitt passed the

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Suffering from occasional poor health as a boy, he was educated at home by the Reverend Edward Wilson. An intelligent child, Pitt quickly became proficient in

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Pitt served as prime minister for a total of eighteen years, 343 days, making him the second-longest-serving British prime minister of all time, after

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began. Pitt's new government resumed the war effort yet again to confront the French and to defeat Napoleon. Pitt had initially allied Britain with

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both uttering powerful speeches against the restoration of Ochakov to the Turks. Pitt won the vote so narrowly that he gave up. The outbreak of the

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decisive importance of monarchical power; others argue that the king gambled on Pitt and that both would have failed but for a run of good fortune.

8449: 7225: 7122: 6834: 6813: 6799: 6631: 6576: 2313:(December 1805). After hearing the news of Austerlitz Pitt referred to a map of Europe, "Roll up that map; it will not be wanted these ten years." 2202: 1011: 2337:

half. The system of smuggling finished products into the continent undermined French efforts to ruin the British economy by cutting off markets.

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Turner, Simon. 'I will not alter an Iota for any Mans Opinion upon Earth': "James Gillray's Portraits of William Pitt the Younger" in Kim Sloan

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organised Pitt's enemies and launched a public opinion campaign. Pitt had become alarmed at the opposition to his Russian policy in parliament,

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as part of the Union. He created the "new Toryism", which revived the Tory Party and enabled it to stay in power for the next quarter-century.

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ended in 1783, the newly formed United States refused to accept further convicts. Pitt's government took the decision to settle what is now

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supporters, including the allies of Addington, joined the Opposition. Thus, Pitt's second ministry was considerably weaker than his first.

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that began when he was advised to consume it to deal with his chronic ill-health. On 23 January 1806, Pitt died at Bowling Green House on

2345:. It was willingly supported by hundreds of thousands of investors and tax payers, despite the higher taxes on land and a new income tax. 7499: 6513: 6499: 6173: 6100: 2198: 2029: 5989: 3600: 8234: 8214: 8204: 7870: 7710: 7514: 7098: 6750: 6736: 3212: 2190: 1539: 625: 8703: 8658: 7504: 6506: 1910: 7403: 7375: 7330: 6827: 6764: 6743: 6722: 6687: 6666: 2008:, was formed, but it, too, failed to overcome the French. The fall of the Second Coalition with the defeat of the Austrians at the 1341: 1332: 716:

from January 1801. He left office in March 1801, but served as prime minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also

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Britain used its economic power to expand the Royal Navy, doubling the number of frigates and increasing the number of the larger

2297:'s Banquet toasting him as "the Saviour of Europe", Pitt responded in a few words that became the most famous speech of his life: 2277:

and undermining French naval activities, Pitt's efforts proved a success and thanks to his efforts, the United Kingdom joined the

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His administration secure, Pitt could begin to enact his agenda. His first major piece of legislation as prime minister was the

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The setbacks took a toll on Pitt's health. He had long suffered from poor health, beginning in childhood, and was plagued with

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In Parliament, the youthful Pitt cast aside his tendency to be withdrawn in public, emerging as a noted debater right from his

1203: 8713: 8628: 8459: 8113: 7601: 7596: 7576: 7488: 7477: 7091: 6659: 6548: 6300: 5553: 5502: 5427: 5267: 5236: 5205: 5160: 3106: 2082:—before 1802 usually spending an annual late-summer holiday there, and later often present from the spring until the autumn. 1490:

Price's idea, Pitt approved of the idea and adopted it when he was in office. By 1792, the debt had fallen to £170 million.

1403: 1285: 967: 862:, on 26 April 1773, a month before turning fourteen, going up to Cambridge in October 1773. He studied political philosophy, 481: 453: 408: 5166: 3420: 842:, Pitt exhibited the brilliance and dynamism of his father's line, and the determined, methodical nature of the Grenvilles. 8499: 8159: 7835: 7815: 7805: 7740: 7650: 7370: 7320: 6701: 6680: 6569: 6456: 6307: 6180: 5073: 5052: 5031: 4891: 3663: 3263: 2218: 991: 932: 924: 713: 458: 69: 5591:

Henry Dundas: First Viscount Melville, 1741–1811, Political Manager of Scotland, Statesman, Administrator of British India

8673: 8259: 8056: 7612: 7360: 7335: 6400: 6392: 6358: 2550: 2286: 2226: 2214: 1805: 1538:

by Pitt's subscription to the view of the Prussian government that the Triple Alliance could not with impunity allow the

1183: 920: 4679: 2972: 1662:

but lost. Parliament began to enact repressive legislation in order to silence the reformers. Individuals who published

8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 7660: 7560: 7350: 7340: 5702: 5381: 5097: 2472: 2194: 2174: 1618:, a position whose incumbent was responsible for the coastal defences of the realm. The king had in 1791 offered him a 1599: 4978: 4702:

Sack, J. J. (1987). "The Memory of Burke and the Memory of Pitt: English Conservatism Confronts Its Past, 1806-1829".

1562:

and its attendant wars temporarily united Britain and Russia in an ideological alliance against French republicanism.

8723: 8578: 8539: 8474: 8078: 8066: 7433: 7275: 6541: 5521: 5467: 5446: 5404: 5343: 5324: 5121: 4644: 2865: 1678:, which restricted the formation of societies or organisations that favoured political reforms. Problems manning the 1646: 1535: 1407: 936: 819: 598: 4563: 2988: 1693:

The war with France was extremely expensive, straining Great Britain's finances. Unlike in the latter stages of the

8708: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7315: 6371: 2680: 2451: 2351: 1776: 1160: 1140: 831: 602: 588: 5187:

Soldiers, Sugar, and Seapower: The British Expeditions to the West Indies and the War Against Revolutionary France

4956: 3430: 2586:

Pitt's attempts during his tenure as prime minister to cope with the dementia of King George III are portrayed by

8384: 8046: 7634: 7455: 7398: 7380: 7305: 7250: 6269: 6077: 4100: 3750: 2075: 2070:(1804), Gillray caricatured Pitt as a doctor kicking Addington (the previous doctor) out of Britannia's sickroom. 1615: 1576: 951: 784: 783:

said, "For personal purity, disinterestedness and love of this country, I have never known his equal." Historian

162: 4610: 1319:

ensued. An electoral defeat for the government was out of the question because Pitt enjoyed the support of King

8688: 8199: 8189: 8179: 8030: 7825: 7628: 6757: 6715: 6144: 4585: 2723: 2475:, Secretary to the Treasury. At the height of the constitutional crisis in 1784, Sheridan had compared Pitt to 1939: 1623: 1611: 1188: 987: 878:, who became a close personal friend and looked after Pitt whilst at University. Pitt later appointed Pretyman 748: 744: 335: 5897:

Sack, J. J. "The Memory of Burke and the Memory of Pitt: English Conservatism Confronts its Past, 1806–1829",

5695: 5691: 3914: 8683: 8678: 8414: 8274: 7745: 7730: 7290: 6520: 2242:

By the time Pitt became prime minister in 1804, the war in Europe had been escalating for sometime since the

2210: 2178: 1976: 1316: 1210: 1082: 5363: 3782: 2915:, which was unknown at this time. If protracted and untreated, it has serious mentally debilitating effects. 1300: 1112: 8088: 8061: 3128: 959: 5967: 1871:

families). Thinking a less sectarian and more conciliatory approach would have avoided the uprising, Pitt

1820:, slavery, and discrimination against mixed-race colonists, a move that drew criticism from abolitionists 939:

in January 1781. Pitt's entry into parliament is somewhat ironic as he later railed against the very same

8149: 8123: 8103: 7524: 7466: 7260: 7114: 6673: 6555: 6316: 6296: 6287: 6262: 6052: 5776:

Kelly, Paul. "British Politics, 1783-4: The Emergence and Triumph of the Younger Pitt's Administration",

5516: 2420: 2322: 2222: 1914: 1671: 995: 859: 717: 614: 214: 3677:

Hoh-Cheung; Mui, Lorna H. (1961). "William Pitt and the Enforcement of the Commutation Act, 1784-1788".

3413:

Paul Kelly, "British Politics, 1783-4: The Emergence and Triumph of the Younger Pitt's Administration",

886:, and drew upon his advice throughout his political career. While at Cambridge, he befriended the young 8643: 5526: 3711:

Thompson, S. J.; "The first income tax, political arithmetic, and the measurement of economic growth";

2592: 2247: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1901: 1809: 1595: 1480:

and George III awash with treasury funds to cover royal debts, with Pitt handing them another moneybag.

1441: 1395: 1312:

watching the Coalition's majority shrink as some Members of Parliament left the Opposition to abstain.

940: 2450:, to whom Pitt had grown close. Pitt broke off the potential marriage in 1797, writing to her father, 1542:

in Eastern Europe to be disturbed. In peace talks with the Ottomans, Russia refused to return the key

7240: 5577: 5541: 5490: 5182: 2814: 2727: 2601: 2158: 2117: 1972: 1840: 1683: 1635: 1453: 1419: 1246:

Pitt, at the age of 24, became Great Britain's youngest prime minister ever. The contemporary satire

1640: 8284: 7300: 6848: 6469: 6164: 6091: 5107: 3817:

Gronbeck, Bruce E. (Fall 1970). "Government's Stance in Crisis: A Case Study of Pitt the Younger".

2501: 2062: 2038: 1523: 1229:

king was opposed to the bill; when it passed in the House of Commons, he secured its defeat in the

1039: 705: 8394: 8269: 8254: 8249: 8239: 8229: 8219: 8072: 7735: 7715: 7705: 7685: 7670: 6820: 6806: 6792: 6778: 6328: 2656: 2086: 1894: 1863: 1305: 1281: 1007: 704:(28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of 679: 675: 5278: 2443:. Each of these bottles would be around 350 millilitres (12 US fl oz) in volume. 7675: 7285: 6425: 5224: 2364: 1935: 1872: 1849: 1735: 1511: 725: 6412: 5317:

The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000

3792: 3760: 2998: 2982: 2045:. Pitt, unable to change the king's strong views, resigned on 16 February 1801 so as to allow 8424: 7310: 7130: 5983: 4400:

O'Brien, Patrick; "Political Biography and Pitt the Younger as Chancellor of the Exchequer";

2850: 2409: 2034: 2013: 1906: 1880: 1868: 1644:

Pitt (standing centre) addressing the Commons on the outbreak of the war with France (1793);

1047: 1034: 760: 2105:. He rented land abutting the Castle to farm on which to lay out trees and walks. His niece 1839:

In November 1795, some 218 ships left Portsmouth for St. Domingue. After the failure of the

8693: 8588: 8583: 8098: 7618: 7190: 7175: 5827:

The Grenvillites, 1801–29: Party Politics and Factionalism in the Age of Pitt and Liverpool

2911:

The consensus view among historians is that the king was suffering from the blood disorder

2820: 2759: 2634: 2617: 2606: 2516: 2310: 2294: 2170: 2153: 2142: 2106: 2098: 1884: 1363: 1277: 1018: 883: 195: 34: 5783:

Ledger-Lomas, Michael. "The Character of Pitt the Younger and Party Politics, 1830–1860."

3909:

Jennifer Mori, "Languages of Loyalism: Patriotism, Nationhood and the State in the 1790s"

8: 8334: 7820: 7800: 7539: 7529: 7210: 6911: 6342: 6045: 5869:

Ledger-Lomas, Michael. "The Character of Pitt the Younger and Party Politics, 1830–1860"

5644:

Leonard, Dick. "William Pitt, the Younger—Reformer Turned Reactionary?." in Leonard, ed.

2742: 2610: 2525: 2290: 1923: 1919: 1821: 1800: 1710: 1659: 1619: 1383: 1357: 1150: 1103: 1072: 887: 780: 436: 272: 5846:

Wilkinson, D. "The Pitt-Portland Coalition of 1794 and the Origins of the 'Tory' party"

5716: 5712: 4856:

Peters, Marie (23 September 2004). "Pitt, William, first earl of Chatham (1708–1778)".

3616:"History of New South Wales From the Records, Volume I - Governor Phillip - Chapter 1.4" 2120:. Everyone expected it to be only a short truce. By 1803, war had broken out again with 8299: 7865: 7785: 7770: 7760: 7494: 7482: 7472: 7444: 7200: 6862: 6213: 6168: 6159: 6095: 6086: 5902: 5837: 5809: 5788: 5753: 4781: 4773: 4727: 4719: 4463: 4455: 3898: 3716: 3694: 3615: 3462: 2844: 2579: 2454:, "I am compelled to say that I find the obstacles to it decisive and insurmountable". 2125: 2025: 1788: 1714: 1422: 1225: 1167: 971: 756: 709: 114: 5909:, shows that after his death the conservatives embraced him as a great patriotic hero. 5416: 5090:

A New Biography of William Pitt the Younger-Volume 1- Years of Establishment 1759-1798

1410:. The act centralised British rule in India by reducing the power of the governors of 751:" and was generally opposed to the development of a strict partisan political system. 8339: 8224: 8209: 8194: 8169: 8144: 8119: 8108: 7880: 7810: 7690: 7680: 7665: 7519: 7195: 6988: 6953: 6932: 6918: 6785: 6771: 6247: 6137: 6012: 5971: 5946: 5671: 5609: 5549: 5498: 5463: 5442: 5423: 5400: 5369: 5339: 5320: 5263: 5232: 5201: 5156: 5117: 5093: 5069: 5048: 5027: 4802:

Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803

4785: 4765: 4731: 4640: 4467: 3772: 2787: 2781: 2405: 2360: 2342: 2333: 2263: 2042: 2009: 1750:

argued the picture of Pitt's "reign of terror" as portrayed by the Marxist historian

1580: 1559: 1555: 1437: 1288:

to switch their support to Pitt. At the same time, he was granted the Freedom of the

1172: 1043: 1030: 955: 915:

During the general elections of September 1780, at the age of 21, Pitt contested the

899: 879: 776: 736: 577: 368: 4518: 2830:, former home of Pitt the Younger and more recently a local curry house (now closed) 1546:

fortress. Pitt wanted to threaten military retaliation. However Russia's ambassador

8464: 8389: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8324: 8314: 8154: 8093: 8083: 7940: 7860: 7775: 7695: 7571: 7509: 7220: 7205: 7180: 6946: 6897: 6883: 6638: 6527: 6404: 6230: 5626: 4863: 4757: 4711: 4447: 3822: 3686: 3450: 2775: 2439:

Pitt became known as a "three-bottle man" in reference to his heavy consumption of

2243: 2121: 2113: 1993: 1947: 1764: 1731: 1547: 1017:

Pitt, who had been stripped of his post as Chancellor of the Exchequer, joined the

895: 835: 249: 7999: 5602: 4877: 3471: 2531:

Historian Marie Peters has compared his strengths and weaknesses with his father:

2305:

Nevertheless, the Coalition collapsed, having suffered significant defeats at the

8534: 8519: 8344: 8329: 8319: 8309: 8134: 7885: 7845: 7795: 7549: 7365: 7280: 7265: 7160: 6981: 6904: 6890: 6876: 6610: 6338: 6190: 6123: 5936: 5658:

Mori, Jennifer. "William Pitt the Younger" in R. Eccleshall and G. Walker, eds.,

5584: 5457: 5394: 5195: 5150: 5111: 5063: 5042: 5021: 4816: 4800: 4351: 2827: 2693:

near Windsor outside of Sydney, together with another township called Wilberforce

2555: 2278: 2274: 2206: 2182: 2046: 1989: 1825: 1727: 1694: 1675: 1477: 1033:

was a shock to the British system. The war revealed the limitations of Britain's

875: 740: 689: 237: 102: 5248:

Slavery, War and Revolution: The British Occupation of Saint Domingue, 1793–1798

5197:

Enter the press-gang: naval impressment in eighteenth-century British literature

4895: 4110: 3690: 3271: 2147: 2089:

in anticipation of a French invasion, acted as colonel of a battalion raised by

8669:

Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge

8544: 8524: 8514: 8504: 8494: 8279: 8264: 8164: 8041: 7970: 7950: 7945: 7930: 7900: 7850: 7655: 7623: 7606: 7450: 7428: 7295: 7155: 7083: 6925: 6841: 6652: 6594: 6478: 5630: 5594: 5567: 5512: 4868: 4115: 3455: 3102: 2741:, Pitt Street and Pitt Lane were named for him, as British prime minister when 2708: 2697: 2670: 2659:, was founded in 1835 "to do honour to the name and memory of Mr William Pitt". 2476: 2293:, ensuring British naval supremacy for the remainder of the war. At the annual 2094: 2005: 1876: 1796: 1739: 1591: 1587: 1531: 1519: 1457: 1391: 1289: 1230: 928: 855: 823: 796: 4715: 3826: 8572: 8509: 8444: 8289: 7965: 7925: 7910: 7830: 7765: 7720: 7438: 7270: 7255: 7245: 7235: 7165: 7150: 7135: 7030: 7016: 6974: 6960: 6855: 5978: 5962: 5804:

Richards, Gerda C. "The Creations of Peers Recommended by the Younger Pitt",

5764:

Politics in the Age of Fox, Pitt and Liverpool: Continuity and Transformation

5255: 4769: 3443:

Kilburn, Matthew (24 May 2008). "Mince-pie administration (act. 1783–1784)".

2587: 2520: 2458: 2306: 2090: 2079: 1883:

did not wish to disband, Pitt made generous use of what would now be called "

1815: 1751: 1747: 1705: 1667: 1572: 1473: 1430: 947: 641: 5820:

From Jacobite to Conservative: Reaction and Orthodoxy in Britain c.1760–1832

4498: 3076: 1875:

that would make Ireland an official part of the United Kingdom and end the "

1755:

prosecutions of suspected Jacobites after the rebellions of 1715 and 1745.

1452:

of 11 vessels carried over a thousand settlers, including 778 convicts. The

8439: 8419: 8379: 8374: 8349: 8051: 7935: 7915: 7905: 7895: 7875: 7460: 7185: 7051: 7009: 6967: 6939: 6492: 6020:(Subscription ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. pp. 108–110. 5997: 5943:

Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)

5373: 3915:

https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/118/475/33/473630?login=false

2861: 2807: 2638: 2571: 2447: 2431: 2393: 2177:

members with some former ministers of the previous ministry. These include

2102: 1931: 1927: 1833: 1792: 1723: 1651: 1607: 1603: 1551: 1486: 1221: 962:, as his father strongly had. Instead he proposed that the prime minister, 867: 52: 5933:

The Speeches of the Right Honourable William Pitt, in the House of Commons

5525:. The Works of Thomas Carlyle in Thirty Volumes. Vol. XXX. New York: 2093:—he was also a Master of Trinity House—and encouraged the construction of 1674:, which restricted the right of individuals to assemble publicly, and the 8549: 8434: 8429: 8404: 8184: 8174: 7975: 7960: 7955: 7890: 7840: 7700: 7640: 7230: 7044: 7023: 6708: 6694: 5675: 5613: 5007: 2764: 2676: 2381: 1950:

militiamen and organised an intelligence network of spies and informers.

1832:

no desire to be forced into chains again. The heavy death toll caused by

1759: 1687: 1530:

Pitt was alarmed at Russian expansion in the 1780s at the expense of the

1510:

Pitt sought European alliances to restrict French influence, forming the

1468: 1449: 1399: 1379: 1248: 839: 813: 541: 5152:

The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I

4748:

Cooper, Richard (1982). "William Pitt, Taxation, and the Needs of War".

4438:

Cooper, Richard (1982). "William Pitt, Taxation, and the Needs of War".

3720: 2496: 1934:(scheduled to coordinate with a rising of the United Irishmen) was only 1758:

However, the spy network maintained by the government was efficient. In

1220:

The Fox–North Coalition fell in December 1783, after Fox had introduced

8529: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8469: 8369: 7920: 7855: 7355: 7002: 6995: 6133: 5906: 5841: 5813: 5792: 5621:

Jupp, Peter. "Grenville, William Wyndham, Baron Grenville (1759–1834)"

4930: 4723: 2857: 2834: 2719:

was named after the rock formation's resemblance to the Prime Minister.

2622: 2484: 2356: 2270: 1679: 1499: 1320: 1003: 963: 767: 732: 609: 391: 183: 90: 46: 5757: 5355:

Arrogant Armies: Great Military Disasters and the Generals Behind Them

4777: 4459: 3897:(London: Home & Van Thal, 1949) available at the Internet Archive 3698: 974:, with whom he frequently met in the gallery of the House of Commons. 8409: 8304: 8294: 7780: 7037: 6869: 5396:

Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives

2912: 2749: 2712: 2690: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2440: 2385: 2269:

The British government began placing pressure on the French Emperor,

2262:

and now renewed the alliance with Austria Prussia and Russia against

1534:. The relations between Russia and Britain were disturbed during the 1445: 1324: 871: 731:

Pitt's prime ministerial tenure, which came during the reign of King

5982: 5797:

Mori, Jennifer. "The political theory of William Pitt the Younger",

4586:"PITT, Hon. William (1759–1806), of Holwood and Walmer Castle, Kent" 8664:

Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Cambridge University

6028: 5231:(First Paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4761: 4451: 2800: 2793: 2738: 2703: 2567:

William Pitt is depicted in several films and television programs.

2397: 1967:

the mutineers. By contrast, the more political "floating republic"

1926:". A section of the Peep o'Day Boys who had renamed themselves the 1663: 986:, was appointed prime minister. Pitt was offered the minor post of 863: 735:, was dominated by major political events in Europe, including the 5562:

Ehrman, J. P. W., and Anthony Smith. "Pitt, William (1759–1806)",

4821:. Vol. XXXIX. H.M. Stationery Office. 1790. pp. 391–738. 1602:

was divided into two separate provinces: the predominantly French

923:, later 1st Earl Lowther, with the help of his university friend, 6011: 5748:

Cooper, William. "William Pitt, Taxation, and the Needs of War",

5711:. (4 volumes); includes many extracts from Pitt's correspondence 2768: 2753: 2255: 2251: 1997: 1543: 1515: 1415: 1336: 6455: 5336:

Britain Against Napoleon: The Organisation of Victory, 1793–1815

6417: 5862:

Foster, R. E. "Forever Young: Myth, Reality and William Pitt",

5822:(Cambridge University Press, 1993), does not see Pitt as a Tory 2734: 2684: 2575: 2389: 2282: 2259: 2001: 1943: 1426: 1411: 1362:

In domestic politics, Pitt concerned himself with the cause of

830:. He was from a political family on both sides, as his mother, 566: 562: 5142:

The Making of Modern England 1783–1867: The Age of Improvement

1398:

and kept a watch over corruption. The India Act created a new

1024: 5885:

Research Guide to European Historical Biography: 1450–Present

5771:

From Pitt to Peel: Conservative Politics in the Age of Reform

2716: 1374: 851: 5456:

Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005).

4639:. Exhibition catalogs, No. 86. Cambridge University Press. 4407: 2377: 2109:

designed and managed the gardens and acted as his hostess.

2037:; he argued that to grant additional liberty would violate 1988:

Despite Pitt's efforts, the French continued to defeat the

827: 822:, was born on 28 May 1759 at Hayes Place in the village of 545: 5113:

British Foreign Policy in an Age of Revolutions, 1783-1793

4474: 3798: 2273:. By imposing sanctions, putting up a blockade across the 2016:(3 December 1800) left Great Britain facing France alone. 4894:. Amazinggracemovie.com. 23 February 2007. Archived from 4358: 4172: 4170: 2415:

Pitt was succeeded as prime minister by his first cousin

2408:

on 22 February, having lain in state for two days in the

2116:

in 1802 between France and Britain marked the end of the

958:. With the Whigs, Pitt denounced the continuation of the 792:

amongst all British prime ministers in multiple surveys.

5890:

Petrie, Charles, "The Bicentenary of the Younger Pitt",

4382: 4057: 3028: 2947: 2583:, which chronicles the historical events of Pitt's life. 2446:

At one point rumours emerged of an intended marriage to

1583:

had been introduced and passed in the House of Commons.

982:

After Lord North's ministry collapsed in 1782, the Whig

3838: 3836: 3579: 3577: 3527: 3525: 3500: 3498: 3168: 2965:

Charles Petrie, "The Bicentenary of the Younger Pitt",

2609:

in the role of Pitt, depicts his close friendship with

2157:(1805), Gillray caricatured Pitt uncorking a bottle of 720:

for all of his time as prime minister. He is known as "

8719:

Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Appleby

4910: 4419: 4254: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4167: 4130: 4023: 4021: 3958: 3924: 3922: 3877: 3875: 3298: 3264:"William Pitt 'The Younger' 1783–1801 and 1804-6 Tory" 2508:

conservatives embraced him as a great patriotic hero.

2041:, in which he had promised to protect the established 1670:

was suspended. Other repressive measures included the

1331:

A notable exception came in Fox's own constituency of

935:; a by-election in that constituency sent Pitt to the 8654:

Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

5393:

Strangio, Paul; Hart, Paul 't; Walter, James (2013).

4837: 4825: 4653: 4536: 4370: 3613: 1742:(the last through the pension granted him in 1762). 905: 5690:(1912), solid, detailed study superseded by Ehrman; 4325: 4313: 4301: 4045: 4033: 3982: 3946: 3899:

https://archive.org/details/politicspressc170000aspi

3833: 3635: 3574: 3562: 3550: 3522: 3510: 3495: 3483: 3395: 3383: 3347: 1571:

only viable candidate was the king's eldest son and

984:

Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham

728:, who had also previously served as prime minister. 8029: 5653:

William Pitt & the French Revolution, 1785–1795

4242: 4230: 4209: 4182: 4142: 4081: 4069: 4018: 4006: 3970: 3934: 3919: 3872: 3860: 3461:The name "mince-pie administration" was created by 3371: 3335: 3323: 3286: 3193: 3143: 2616:Pitt is caricatured as a boy prime minister in the 1887:" to bribe Irish MPs to vote for the Act of Union. 8594:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom 5660:Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers 5601: 5415: 5392: 5386:Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt, Vol. IV 5044:The Younger Pitt, Vol. 2: The Reluctant Transition 4678: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4634: 3632:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) see pages 115 and 183 3213:"William Pitt, the Younger: Historical importance" 3058: 3016: 3004: 2978: 1666:material were punished, and, in 1794, the writ of 1612:capture of Louis XVI by the French revolutionaries 1429:with their own superintendent (governor), Captain 1010:rose to power in a government nominally headed by 5918:Burning Bright: Essays in Honour of David Bindman 5801:, April 1998, Vol. 83 Issue 270, pp. 234–248 5745:(1944), well-written surveys of the British story 3359: 2281:, an alliance that included Austria, Russia, and 2131: 8649:Leaders of the House of Commons of Great Britain 8570: 7113: 5778:Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 5065:The Younger Pitt, Vol. 3: The Consuming Struggle 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4108: 3415:Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 2423:, a coalition which included Charles James Fox. 2363:, faces an equally huge monument to his father, 1472:In "A new way to pay the National Debt" (1786), 1053: 1012:William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland 747:, or "new Tory", called himself an "independent 5752:Vol. 22, No. 1 (Autumn, 1982), pp. 94–103 5280:A History of the English People in 1815, Book 2 4665: 4093: 3656:"Forever Young: Myth, Reality and William Pitt" 2629:In the series of prime ministerial biographies 1787:In 1793, Pitt decided to take advantage of the 1448:and found the penal colony in August 1786. The 1315:In March 1784, Parliament was dissolved, and a 874:and history. At Cambridge, Pitt was tutored by 208:Himself as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 6385:Member of Parliament for Cambridge University 5808:Vol. 34, No. 1 (October 1928), pp. 47–54 5455: 5023:The Younger Pitt, Vol. 1: The Years of Acclaim 4109:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024). 2994: 1686:in 1795 in addition to the existing system of 18:Second premiership of William Pitt the Younger 8634:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain 8015: 7099: 6441: 6350:Member of Parliament for Cambridge University 5701: 4337: 3676: 2679:is the main financial precinct street in the 2161:that is bursting out with puns and invective. 8639:Children of prime ministers of Great Britain 5993:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 5855: 5648:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008) pp. 5–27. 5422:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 4862:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4560:The Private Life of William Pitt (1759-1806) 3597:"Why were convicts transported to Australia" 3449:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2355:The monument to William Pitt the Younger by 2321:Pitt was an expert in finance and served as 2085:From the castle, he helped organise a local 1900:Throughout the 1790s, the popularity of the 1813: 1436:Convicts were originally transported to the 6418:William Pitt the Younger navigational boxes 5537:(Batsford, 1962) "Makers of Britain" series 5522:Critical and Miscellaneous Essays: Volume V 5131:Black, Jeremy (2006). "Pitt and the king". 4516: 3129:"History – William Wilberforce (1759–1833)" 2030:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1071:It has been suggested that this section be 1025:Effects of the American War of Independence 8699:Tory prime ministers of the United Kingdom 8022: 8008: 7106: 7092: 6448: 6434: 6009: 4798: 2702:Pitt Water, a body of water in South East 1938:. To crush the United Irishmen, Pitt sent 1267:A kingdom trusted to a school-boy's care. 1265:A sight to make surrounding nations stare; 175:19 December 1783 – 1 January 1801 146:Himself as Prime Minister of Great Britain 45: 6001:interview with William Hague on his book 5707:Life of the Right Honourable William Pitt 5365:Criticisms on the Rolliad: Part the First 4867: 4578: 3454: 2645: 2613:, the leading abolitionist in Parliament. 2400:; he was unmarried and left no children. 2052: 1132:19 December 1783 – 14 March 1801 381:19 December 1783 – 14 March 1801 262:19 December 1783 – 14 March 1801 8729:People of the War of the First Coalition 7989:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as 6380:Parliament of the United Kingdom created 5977: 5941:Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds. 5873:, Vol. 47, No. 3 (2004) pp. 641–661 5832:Simms, Brendan. "Britain and Napoleon", 5787:Vol. 47, No. 3 (2004), pp. 641–661 5732:The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787–1802 5380: 5287: 5223: 4931:"Pitt Club vote to allow female members" 4916: 4637:Cambridge Portraits from Lely to Hockney 4388: 3816: 3174: 2771:is named after William Pitt the Younger. 2544: 2495: 2457:Of his social relationships, biographer 2430: 2384:", which was worsened by a fondness for 2350: 2146: 2068:Britannia between Death and the Doctor's 2061: 1889: 1775: 1704: 1639: 1622:, but he suggested the honour go to his 1467: 1373: 1299: 743:. Pitt, although often referred to as a 5901:Vol. 30, No. 3 (1987) pp. 623–640 5836:Vol. 41, No. 3 (1998) pp. 885–894 5780:Vol. 54, No. 123 (1981) pp. 62–78. 5623:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5599: 5568:online 2009; accessed 12 September 2011 5564:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5511: 5368:(2nd ed.). London: James Ridgway. 5314: 4859:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4413: 3599:. Sydney Living Museums. Archived from 3465:, Lady Crewe, a Whig political hostess. 3446:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3442: 2696:Mount Pitt, second-highest mountain on 2285:. In October 1805, the British Admiral 1700: 1565: 1263:In whom Britannia to the world displays 910: 471:8 January 1781 – 30 March 1784 127:1 January 1801 – 14 March 1801 14: 8571: 6365:Parliament of Great Britain abolished 5894:(1959), Vol. 297 Issue 621, pp 254–265 5665: 5436: 5413: 5333: 5296: 5276: 5245: 5139: 5061: 5040: 5019: 4855: 4747: 4743: 4741: 4680:"He was something between God and man" 4519:"William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806)" 4504: 4492: 4480: 4437: 4425: 4352:"William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806)" 4000: 3952: 3804: 3756: 3715:, Vol. 66, No. 3 (2013), pp. 873-894; 3653: 3641: 3477: 3103:"Spartacus Educational – William Pitt" 3046: 3034: 2969:, 1959, Vol. 297 Issue 621, pp 254–265 2953: 2756:side, Pitt Street, is named after him. 2669:was named in 1788 by British explorer 2562: 2540: 2417:William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville 1909:in Ireland, who forced Pitt to recall 1610:. In August 1792, coincident with the 1346:Member for the University of Cambridge 834:, was sister of former prime minister 724:" to distinguish him from his father, 426:18 May 1784 – 23 January 1806 348:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 227:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 82:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 8599:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge 8003: 7087: 6457:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom 6429: 6416: 6205:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 5540: 5489: 5361: 5352: 5305: 5254: 5214: 5193: 5181: 5148: 5130: 5106: 5084: 4928: 4843: 4831: 4691:from the original on 12 January 2022. 4676: 4659: 4542: 4507:, pp. 374–277, 406–407, 463–471. 4404:(1998) Vol. 83, No. 270, pp. 225–233. 4376: 4364: 4331: 4319: 4307: 4260: 4248: 4236: 4224: 4203: 4191: 4176: 4148: 4136: 4087: 4075: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4027: 4012: 3988: 3976: 3964: 3940: 3928: 3881: 3866: 3842: 3788: 3744: 3622:. Charles Potter, Government Printer. 3583: 3568: 3556: 3531: 3516: 3504: 3489: 3426: 3401: 3389: 3377: 3365: 3353: 3341: 3329: 3304: 3292: 3199: 3149: 3064: 3022: 3010: 1261:The matchless miracle of modern days, 1259:Behold the infant Atlas of the state, 1127:First premiership of Pitt the Younger 1075:out into another article titled 927:. Lowther effectively controlled the 295:10 July 1782 – 31 March 1783 6181:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 6082:19 December 1783 – 31 December 1800 5723: 5635: 5546:The Younger Pitt (Profiles In Power) 5495:The Younger Pitt (Profiles In Power) 5169:from the original on 18 January 2016 4701: 3077:William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806) 2232: 2028:, Pitt sought to inaugurate the new 1799:and ensuring that the slaves in the 1629: 1456:was formally proclaimed by Governor 1295: 1057: 992:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne 925:Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland 714:prime minister of the United Kingdom 70:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 5646:Nineteenth-Century British Premiers 5529:(published 1904). pp. 152–167. 5229:The University Pitt Club: 1835–1935 4955:. Pittwater Library. Archived from 4738: 4556:"Bowling Green House, Putney Heath" 2287:Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson 2227:Secretary of State for the Colonies 1960:mutiny of the entire Spithead fleet 1806:Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville 1351: 1257:Above the rest, majestically great, 24: 5925: 5477: 4799:Parliament, Great Britain (1817). 4562:. 13 November 2013. Archived from 4298:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) p 390 3268:10 Downing Street – PMs in history 3109:from the original on 12 April 2010 1953: 1682:also led to Pitt to introduce the 1505: 1369: 906:Early political career (1780–1783) 25: 8740: 5952: 5878:Reader's guide to British history 5684:William Pitt and National Revival 5662:(Routledge, 1998), pp. 85–94 5439:The Reign of George III 1760–1815 4929:Hogan, Aoife (10 November 2017). 4677:Hague, William (31 August 2004). 3777:William Pitt and National Revival 3048:"Pitt, the Hon. William (PT773W)" 2866:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 2730:was named after Pitt the Younger. 1276:So as to reduce the power of the 977: 820:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 759:and tried (but failed) to secure 676:Trinity House Volunteer Artillery 599:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 8704:Prime ministers of Great Britain 8659:Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports 7067: 7066: 6372:Parliament of the United Kingdom 6308:Member of Parliament for Appleby 5850:Vol. 83 (1998), pp. 249–264 5200:. University of Delaware Press. 4971: 4941: 4922: 4884: 4849: 4809: 4792: 4695: 4628: 4603: 4548: 4510: 4431: 4394: 4107:"consistent series" supplied in 2979:Strangio, Hart & Walter 2013 2927: 2918: 2435:Arms of William Pitt the Younger 2426: 2289:, won a crushing victory in the 2136: 1440:in North America, but after the 1202: 1111: 1097: 1078:Premierships of Pitt the Younger 1062: 818:William Pitt, the second son of 624: 8031:Leaders of the House of Commons 6270:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 6239:Leader of the House of Commons 6185:1 January 1801 – 14 March 1801 6078:Prime Minister of Great Britain 5959:1791 Caricature of William Pitt 5482: 5133:George III: America's Last King 4805:. Vol. XXIX. p. 1293. 4292: 4279: 4266: 4154: 4101:Gross Domestic Product deflator 3903: 3887: 3848: 3810: 3766: 3725: 3705: 3670: 3647: 3626: 3607: 3589: 3537: 3436: 3407: 3310: 3256: 3243: 3230: 3205: 3180: 3155: 3121: 3095: 3082: 3070: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2878: 2840:William Pitt Avenue, Deal, Kent 2237: 2213:, with Pitt's prominent allies 1996:, consisting of Great Britain, 1660:tried three of them for treason 1616:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1614:, George III appointed Pitt as 163:Prime Minister of Great Britain 8624:British MPs who died in office 6208:10 May 1804 – 23 January 1806 6145:Leader of the House of Commons 5688:William Pitt and the Great War 5116:. Cambridge University Press. 4517:Marjie Bloy (4 January 2006). 3620:Project Gutenberg of Australia 3614:George Burnett Barton (1889). 3217:Britannica Online Encyclopedia 3040: 2959: 2724:Chatham County, North Carolina 2132:Second Premiership (1804–1806) 2057: 2019: 1626:, the second Earl of Chatham. 1606:and the predominantly English 1536:Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 1460:on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. 1237: 336:Leader of the House of Commons 13: 1: 5618:, a short scholarly biography 4818:Journal of the House of Lords 4285:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 4272:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 4160:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 4111:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?" 3854:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3731:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3679:The English Historical Review 3662:. No. 63. Archived from 3543:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3316:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3249:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3236:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3186:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3161:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 3105:. Spartacus-Educational.com. 3088:Alter 'Pitt' Volume 1 (2024) 2940: 2837:, in British Columbia, Canada 2655:, a club for students at the 2316: 2211:Lord President of the Council 1992:, which collapsed in 1798. A 1977:Incitement to Mutiny Act 1797 1647:The House of Commons, 1793–94 1494:by nearly £2 million a year. 1252:ridiculed him for his youth: 1211:Coat of arms of HM Government 1054:First Premiership (1783–1801) 943:that had given him his seat. 802: 56: 27:British statesman (1759–1806) 8714:18th-century English lawyers 8629:Burials at Westminster Abbey 7115:Chancellors of the Exchequer 6222:Chancellor of the Exchequer 6115:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5829:(U. of Illinois Press, 1979) 5739:Years of Endurance 1793–1802 5459:Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen 5250:. New York: Clarendon Press. 4878:UK public library membership 3821:. 34 =issue=4 (4): 250–261. 3654:Foster, R. E. (March 2009). 3472:UK public library membership 2995:Wise, Hansen & Egan 2005 2871: 2726:was named after his father, 1442:American War of Independence 960:American War of Independence 917:University of Cambridge seat 845: 7: 8073:Vacant (caretaker ministry) 6288:Parliament of Great Britain 6053:Chancellor of the Exchequer 6025:Biographies of William Pitt 5876:Loades, David Michael, ed. 5743:Years of Victory, 1802–1812 5608:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 5517:"William Pitt, the Younger" 5441:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5399:. Oxford University Press. 5155:. Oxford University Press. 4635:Fitzwilliam Museum (1978). 3417:Vol. 54 Issue 129, pp 62–78 3052:A Cambridge Alumni Database 2421:Ministry of All the Talents 2367:, in a balanced composition 2323:chancellor of the exchequer 2223:First Lord of the Admiralty 2185:, former Foreign Secretary 2173:which consisted of largely 1915:Chief Secretary for Ireland 1672:Seditious Meetings Act 1795 1463: 996:Chancellor of the Exchequer 860:Pembroke College, Cambridge 718:Chancellor of the Exchequer 615:Pembroke College, Cambridge 215:Chancellor of the Exchequer 10: 8745: 8674:People from Hayes, Bromley 6031:(public domain audiobooks) 6018:Men of Kent and Kentishmen 5806:American Historical Review 5750:Journal of British Studies 5668:Pitt the Younger 1759–1806 5437:Watson, J. Steven (1960). 5319:. New York: Random House. 5189:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 5000: 4750:Journal of British Studies 4611:"William Pitt the Younger" 4440:Journal of British Studies 3054:. University of Cambridge. 2864:was named for his father, 2593:The Madness of King George 2574:portrays Pitt in the 1942 2248:War of the Third Coalition 2169:Nevertheless, Pitt formed 2140: 2012:(14 June 1800) and at the 1983: 1902:Society of United Irishmen 1856: 1810:Secretary of State for War 1633: 1596:Constitutional Act of 1791 1418:and by increasing that of 1396:British East India Company 1355: 1101: 941:pocket and rotten boroughs 838:. According to biographer 811: 8037: 7984: 7585: 7389: 7121: 7061: 6593: 6468: 6423: 6397: 6383: 6377: 6370: 6347: 6335: 6321: 6305: 6293: 6286: 6276: 6267: 6259: 6254: 6244: 6237: 6227: 6220: 6210: 6203: 6197: 6187: 6178: 6153: 6142: 6130: 6120: 6113: 6107: 6075: 6067: 6059: 6050: 6042: 6037: 6010:Hutchinson, John (1892). 5856:Historiography and memory 5640:, Oxford University Press 5535:William Pitt, the Younger 5338:. London: Penguin Books. 5292:. London: Bell and Daldy. 5092:. Independent on Amazon. 4716:10.1017/S0018246X00020914 4590:The History of Parliament 3911:English Historical Review 3827:10.1080/10570317009373664 3691:10.1093/ehr/LXXVI.CCC.447 2815:Saint John, New Brunswick 2728:Pittsboro, North Carolina 2681:central business district 2620:of the television comedy 2491: 2201:, former prime ministers 2118:French Revolutionary Wars 1636:French Revolutionary Wars 1454:Colony of New South Wales 1394:, which re-organised the 1304:William Pitt in 1783, by 1198: 1178: 1166: 1156: 1146: 1136: 1123: 1119: 1110: 988:Vice-Treasurer of Ireland 807: 695: 685: 671: 663: 655: 647: 637: 632: 620: 608: 594: 584: 573: 552: 528: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 487: 475: 464: 452: 442: 430: 419: 407: 397: 385: 374: 362: 352: 341: 334: 330: 323: 319: 309: 299: 288: 278: 266: 255: 243: 231: 220: 213: 201: 189: 179: 168: 161: 151: 139: 131: 120: 108: 96: 86: 75: 68: 64: 44: 32: 8724:Members of Trinity House 8579:William Pitt the Younger 6542:Chatham (Pitt the Elder) 6003:William Pitt the Younger 5945:(1938), primary sources 5583:30 November 2018 at the 5574:William Pitt the Younger 5418:Pitt the younger: a life 5414:Turner, Michael (2003). 5260:William Pitt the Younger 5217:William Pitt the Younger 5149:Canny, Nicholas (1998). 3856:see p 169 and Appendix A 2902:about £319 million today 2637:, Pitt was portrayed by 2551:Portrait of William Pitt 2502:George Street, Edinburgh 2371: 2246:in 1801 and in 1803 the 1969:naval mutiny at the Nore 1783:in the Caribbean in 1794 1771: 1620:Knighthood of the Garter 1524:Nootka Sound Controversy 1040:institutional corruption 8709:MPs for rotten boroughs 6786:Disraeli (Beaconsfield) 5990:Encyclopædia Britannica 5887:(4 vol 1992); 4:1640–46 5703:Stanhope, Philip Henry 5600:Jarrett, Derek (1974). 5527:Charles Scribner's Sons 5362:Short, D., ed. (1785). 5357:. Edison: Castle Books. 5297:Irvine, Robert (2005). 5288:Halcombe, J. J (1859). 5225:Fletcher, Walter Morley 4892:"Amazing Grace (movie)" 3713:Economic History Review 2933:about £55 billion today 2893:about £23 billion today 2884:about £40 billion today 2657:University of Cambridge 2329:about 450,000 in 1813. 2309:(October 1805) and the 1936:thwarted by bad weather 1895:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1864:United Irishmen Society 1577:George, Prince of Wales 1282:motion of no confidence 1029:Losing the war and the 902:in the summer of 1780. 779:of our reeling globe". 680:Cinque Ports Volunteers 325:Parliamentary offices 5899:The Historical Journal 5883:Moncure, James A. ed. 5871:The Historical Journal 5834:The Historical Journal 5785:The Historical Journal 5670:. Cassell Publishers. 5666:Reilly, Robin (1978). 5631:10.1093/ref:odnb/11501 5382:Stanhope, Philip Henry 5334:Knight, Roger (2014). 5315:Kennedy, Paul (1987). 5306:James, C.L.R. (1938). 5246:Geggus, David (1982). 5194:Ennis, Daniel (2002). 4869:10.1093/ref:odnb/22337 4704:The Historical Journal 3895:Politics and the Press 3456:10.1093/ref:odnb/95200 2924:about £5 billion today 2646:Places named after him 2559: 2504: 2489: 2436: 2368: 2365:William Pitt the Elder 2162: 2071: 2053:Opposition (1801–1804) 1897: 1873:sought an Act of Union 1850:John William Fortescue 1814: 1784: 1718: 1654: 1481: 1387: 1308: 1270: 1224:'s bill to reform the 726:William Pitt the Elder 8689:Younger sons of earls 8619:British MPs 1796–1800 8614:British MPs 1790–1796 8609:British MPs 1784–1790 8604:British MPs 1780–1784 7131:Eustace of Fauconberg 6280:The Earl of Liverpool 5984:"Pitt, William" 5353:Perry, James (2005). 5277:Halévy, Élie (1924). 5062:Ehrman, John (1996). 5041:Ehrman, John (1983). 5020:Ehrman, John (1969). 5014:. Constable & Co. 3807:, p. xx, Vol. 2. 2851:Auckland, New Zealand 2548: 2499: 2463: 2434: 2410:Palace of Westminster 2354: 2215:the Viscount Melville 2150: 2141:Further information: 2065: 2035:Catholic emancipation 2014:Battle of Hohenlinden 1922:" versus Protestant " 1907:Protestant Ascendancy 1893: 1869:Protestant Ascendancy 1779: 1708: 1643: 1471: 1377: 1356:Further information: 1303: 1254: 1102:Further information: 1048:Second British Empire 1035:fiscal-military state 858:. He was admitted to 761:Catholic emancipation 656:Years of service 603:Lady Hester Grenville 315:Lord John Cavendish 6263:The Earl of Guilford 6071:The Duke of Portland 6013:"William Pitt" 5301:. London: Routledge. 5219:. London: Routledge. 5215:Evans, Eric (2002). 5140:Briggs, Asa (1959). 4979:"The Pittsburgh 'H'" 4953:Pittwater.nsw.gov.au 3666:on 14 December 2013. 3037:, p. 4, Vol. 1. 2745:was founded in 1786. 2653:University Pitt Club 2635:Yorkshire Television 2607:Benedict Cumberbatch 2517:Slave Trade Act 1807 2487:throughout his life. 2311:Battle of Austerlitz 2154:Uncorking Old Sherry 2143:Second Pitt ministry 2107:Lady Hester Stanhope 2099:Royal Military Canal 1971:in June 1797 led by 1946:in 1797 to call out 1885:pork barrel politics 1701:Ideological struggle 1566:The king's condition 1522:in 1788. During the 1406:, who was appointed 1364:parliamentary reform 911:Member of Parliament 708:from 1783 until the 454:Member of Parliament 414:Cambridge University 409:Member of Parliament 196:The Duke of Portland 35:The Right Honourable 6343:Lord John Townshend 6110:Lord John Cavendish 6062:Lord John Cavendish 6046:Lord John Cavendish 6005:, February 27, 2005 5920:(2015) pp. 197–206. 5866:(March 2009) No. 63 5730:Blanning, T. C. W. 5593:(Oxford UP, 1931). 5290:The Speaker at Home 5262:. HarperPerennial. 5135:. pp. 264–287. 4898:on 27 November 2018 4685:The Daily Telegraph 4483:, pp. 205–228. 4416:, pp. 128–129. 4367:, pp. 529–533. 4103:figures follow the 4066:, pp. 370–372. 3779:(1911) pp. 589-607. 3603:on 2 December 2013. 2956:, pp. 148–149. 2760:Pittsburgh, Ontario 2611:William Wilberforce 2563:Film and television 2541:Cultural references 2526:William Wilberforce 2291:Battle of Trafalgar 2171:a second government 2039:his coronation oath 1958:In April 1797, the 1841:Quiberon expedition 1822:William Wilberforce 1801:British West Indies 1711:Gainsborough Dupont 1384:Sultanate of Mysore 1358:First Pitt ministry 1151:First Pitt ministry 1104:First Pitt ministry 1008:Fox–North coalition 888:William Wilberforce 781:William Wilberforce 437:Lord John Townshend 305:Lord John Cavendish 273:Lord John Cavendish 8285:Campbell-Bannerman 7991:Lord Chief Justice 6849:Campbell-Bannerman 6325:John Leveson-Gower 6214:The Lord Grenville 6160:Acts of Union 1800 6087:Acts of Union 1800 6038:Political offices 5769:Gaunt, Richard A. 5682:Rose, J. Holland. 5576:(1999) 110 pages; 5310:. London: Penguin. 4949:"Pittwater's past" 3773:Holland Rose, John 3463:Frances Anne Crewe 2845:Southport, England 2580:The Young Mr. Pitt 2560: 2505: 2481:Duke of Buckingham 2479:'s favourite, the 2468:The Morning Herald 2437: 2396:of his stomach or 2369: 2163: 2126:Napoleon Bonaparte 2072: 2026:Acts of Union 1800 1928:Loyal Orange Order 1898: 1789:Haitian Revolution 1785: 1719: 1715:Burrell Collection 1655: 1600:province of Quebec 1482: 1423:Charles Cornwallis 1388: 1309: 1226:East India Company 757:Acts of Union 1800 710:Acts of Union 1800 494:John Leveson-Gower 115:The Lord Grenville 8644:British duellists 8564: 8563: 8558: 8557: 7997: 7996: 7081: 7080: 6411: 6410: 6398:Succeeded by 6388:1801–1806 6354:1784–1800 6322:Succeeded by 6312:1781–1784 6277:Succeeded by 6248:Charles James Fox 6245:Succeeded by 6228:Succeeded by 6211:Succeeded by 6188:Succeeded by 6138:Charles James Fox 6121:Succeeded by 6060:Succeeded by 5972:10 Downing Street 5880:(2003) 2: 1044–45 5724:Scholarly studies 5636:Jupp, P. (1985), 5555:978-0-582-05279-6 5504:978-0-582-05279-6 5429:978-1-85285-377-8 5269:978-0-00-714720-5 5238:978-1-107-60006-5 5207:978-0-87413-755-2 5162:978-0-19-924676-2 4876:(Subscription or 4523:The Victorian Web 4263:, pp. 66–67. 4206:, pp. 68–69. 4179:, pp. 67–68. 4139:, pp. 75–76. 3967:, pp. 63–64. 3893:Arthur Aspinall, 3470:(Subscription or 3307:, pp. 62–65. 3079:HistoryHome.co.uk 2788:Cornwall, Ontario 2782:Kingston, Ontario 2715:National Park in 2590:in the 1994 film 2419:, who headed the 2406:Westminster Abbey 2394:peptic ulceration 2361:Guildhall, London 2334:ships of the line 2264:Napoleonic France 2233:Second government 2205:and Addington as 2199:Foreign Secretary 2043:Church of England 2010:Battle of Marengo 1965:George III pardon 1881:Dublin parliament 1808:, who was Pitt's 1781:European colonies 1630:French Revolution 1560:French Revolution 1438:Thirteen Colonies 1296:Electoral victory 1218: 1217: 1173:10 Downing Street 1095: 1094: 1090: 1044:French Revolution 1031:Thirteen Colonies 956:Charles James Fox 900:called to the bar 880:Bishop of Lincoln 737:French Revolution 712:, and then first 699: 698: 578:Westminster Abbey 499: 498: 369:Charles James Fox 16:(Redirected from 8736: 8684:UK MPs 1802–1806 8679:UK MPs 1801–1802 8140:Pitt the Younger 8130:Pitt the Younger 8024: 8017: 8010: 8001: 8000: 7391:of Great Britain 7108: 7101: 7094: 7085: 7084: 7074: 7070: 7069: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6823: 6816: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6781: 6774: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6746: 6739: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6697: 6690: 6683: 6676: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6620: 6618:Pitt the Younger 6613: 6606: 6604:Pitt the Younger 6586: 6584:Pitt the Younger 6579: 6572: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6530: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6481: 6479:Walpole (Orford) 6450: 6443: 6436: 6427: 6426: 6414: 6413: 6405:Lord Henry Petty 6378:Preceded by 6336:Preceded by 6294:Preceded by 6260:Preceded by 6255:Honorary titles 6231:Lord Henry Petty 6198:Preceded by 6131:Preceded by 6108:Preceded by 6068:Preceded by 6043:Preceded by 6035: 6034: 6021: 6015: 5994: 5986: 5968:Pitt the Younger 5892:Quarterly Review 5737:Bryant, Arthur. 5710: 5679: 5651:Mori, Jennifer. 5641: 5617: 5607: 5604:Pitt the Younger 5589:Furber, Holden. 5559: 5530: 5508: 5473: 5452: 5433: 5421: 5410: 5389: 5377: 5358: 5349: 5330: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5284: 5273: 5251: 5242: 5220: 5211: 5190: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5145: 5136: 5127: 5103: 5079: 5075:978-0-09475540-6 5058: 5054:978-0-09464930-9 5037: 5033:978-0-09455720-8 5015: 5012:The Younger Pitt 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4983:Visit Pittsburgh 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4873: 4871: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4745: 4736: 4735: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4682: 4674: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4417: 4411: 4405: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4348: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4283: 4277: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4180: 4174: 4165: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3913:(February 2003) 3907: 3901: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3831: 3830: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3786: 3780: 3770: 3764: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3729: 3723: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3685:(300): 447–465. 3674: 3668: 3667: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3467: 3458: 3440: 3434: 3424: 3418: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3274:on 7 August 2008 3270:. 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1066: 1065: 1058: 937:House of Commons 836:George Grenville 832:Hester Grenville 722:Pitt the Younger 633:Military service 628: 559: 538: 536: 524:Personal details 490: 478: 469: 448:Lord Henry Petty 445: 433: 424: 400: 388: 379: 365: 355: 346: 321: 320: 312: 302: 293: 281: 269: 260: 250:Lord Henry Petty 246: 234: 225: 204: 192: 173: 154: 142: 125: 111: 99: 80: 58: 49: 30: 29: 21: 8744: 8743: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8733: 8569: 8568: 8565: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8033: 8028: 7998: 7993: 7980: 7871:Heathcoat-Amory 7588: 7581: 7385: 7117: 7112: 7082: 7077: 7065: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6973: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6924: 6917: 6910: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6735: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6686: 6679: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6637: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6602: 6589: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6554: 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Chamberlain 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8300:A. Chamberlain 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8079:Pitt the Elder 8076: 8069: 8067:Pitt the Elder 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8027: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8004: 7995: 7994: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7821:N. Chamberlain 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7801:N. Chamberlain 7798: 7793: 7788: 7786:A. Chamberlain 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7761:A. Chamberlain 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7593: 7591: 7589:United Kingdom 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7395: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7111: 7110: 7103: 7096: 7088: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7034: 7027: 7020: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6943: 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6625:Lord Grenville 6621: 6614: 6607: 6599: 6597: 6595:United Kingdom 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6524: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6489: 6482: 6474: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6453: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6430: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6409: 6408: 6401:Earl of Euston 6399: 6396: 6393:Earl of Euston 6382: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6359:Earl of Euston 6346: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6323: 6320: 6304: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6275: 6266: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6243: 6235: 6234: 6229: 6226: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6209: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6186: 6177: 6174:United Kingdom 6158: 6151: 6150: 6141: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6119: 6112: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6101:United Kingdom 6083: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6022: 6007: 5995: 5981:, ed. (1911). 5979:Chisholm, Hugh 5975: 5965: 5954: 5953:External links 5951: 5950: 5949: 5939: 5937:online edition 5927: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5910: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5864:History Review 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5844: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5802: 5795: 5781: 5774: 5767: 5760: 5746: 5735: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5709:. John Murray. 5699: 5680: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5638:Lord Grenville 5633: 5619: 5597: 5587: 5570: 5560: 5554: 5542:Duffy, Michael 5538: 5531: 5509: 5503: 5491:Duffy, Michael 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5468: 5453: 5447: 5434: 5428: 5411: 5405: 5390: 5388:. John Murray. 5378: 5359: 5350: 5344: 5331: 5325: 5312: 5308:Black Jacobins 5303: 5294: 5285: 5274: 5268: 5256:Hague, William 5252: 5243: 5237: 5221: 5212: 5206: 5191: 5183:Duffy, Michael 5179: 5161: 5146: 5137: 5128: 5122: 5104: 5099:979-8333204790 5098: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5074: 5059: 5053: 5038: 5032: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4970: 4940: 4921: 4909: 4883: 4848: 4846:, p. 590. 4836: 4834:, p. 589. 4824: 4808: 4791: 4762:10.1086/385799 4737: 4710:(3): 623–640. 4694: 4664: 4662:, p. 581. 4652: 4645: 4627: 4602: 4577: 4547: 4545:, p. 578. 4535: 4509: 4497: 4485: 4473: 4452:10.1086/385799 4430: 4428:, p. 143. 4418: 4406: 4393: 4391:, p. 369. 4381: 4379:, p. 565. 4369: 4357: 4336: 4334:, p. 526. 4324: 4322:, p. 484. 4312: 4310:, p. 479. 4300: 4291: 4278: 4265: 4253: 4241: 4229: 4208: 4196: 4181: 4166: 4153: 4141: 4129: 4116:MeasuringWorth 4105:MeasuringWorth 4092: 4080: 4068: 4056: 4054:, p. 162. 4044: 4042:, p. 197. 4032: 4017: 4005: 3993: 3991:, p. 109. 3981: 3969: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3918: 3902: 3886: 3871: 3859: 3847: 3845:, p. 309. 3832: 3819:Western Speech 3809: 3797: 3781: 3765: 3749: 3737: 3724: 3704: 3669: 3660:History Review 3646: 3634: 3625: 3606: 3588: 3586:, p. 182. 3573: 3571:, p. 193. 3561: 3559:, p. 191. 3549: 3536: 3534:, p. 170. 3521: 3519:, p. 173. 3509: 3507:, p. 166. 3494: 3492:, p. 152. 3482: 3480:, p. 133) 3435: 3419: 3406: 3404:, p. 146. 3394: 3392:, p. 140. 3382: 3370: 3358: 3356:, p. 124. 3346: 3334: 3322: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3255: 3242: 3229: 3204: 3192: 3179: 3177:, p. 110. 3167: 3154: 3142: 3120: 3094: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3039: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2987: 2971: 2958: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2904: 2895: 2886: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2831: 2824: 2817: 2811: 2804: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2762: 2757: 2752:, a street on 2746: 2731: 2720: 2706: 2700: 2698:Norfolk Island 2694: 2688: 2674: 2671:Arthur Phillip 2660: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2633:, produced by 2627: 2614: 2599:The 2006 film 2597: 2584: 2564: 2561: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2493: 2490: 2428: 2425: 2373: 2370: 2343:double the GDP 2318: 2315: 2303: 2302: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2191:Home Secretary 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2024:Following the 2021: 2018: 2006:Ottoman Empire 1985: 1982: 1973:Richard Parker 1955: 1952: 1877:Irish Question 1858: 1855: 1797:British Empire 1773: 1770: 1740:Samuel Johnson 1702: 1699: 1634:Main article: 1631: 1628: 1592:British Canada 1588:British Empire 1567: 1564: 1532:Ottoman Empire 1507: 1504: 1465: 1462: 1458:Arthur Phillip 1392:India Act 1784 1371: 1368: 1353: 1350: 1297: 1294: 1290:City of London 1255: 1239: 1236: 1231:House of Lords 1216: 1215: 1209: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1070: 1068: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1026: 1023: 979: 978:Chancellorship 976: 929:pocket borough 912: 909: 907: 904: 847: 844: 809: 806: 804: 801: 797:Robert Walpole 785:Charles Petrie 766:The historian 697: 696: 693: 692: 687: 683: 682: 673: 669: 668: 665: 661: 660: 657: 653: 652: 649: 648:Branch/service 645: 644: 639: 635: 634: 630: 629: 622: 618: 617: 612: 606: 605: 596: 592: 591: 586: 582: 581: 575: 571: 570: 560:(aged 46) 554: 550: 549: 530: 526: 525: 521: 520: 517: 516: 513: 512: 509: 508: 505: 504: 501: 500: 497: 496: 491: 485: 484: 479: 473: 472: 462: 461: 450: 449: 446: 440: 439: 434: 428: 427: 417: 416: 405: 404: 401: 395: 394: 389: 383: 382: 372: 371: 366: 360: 359: 356: 350: 349: 339: 338: 332: 331: 328: 327: 324: 317: 316: 313: 307: 306: 303: 297: 296: 286: 285: 282: 276: 275: 270: 264: 263: 253: 252: 247: 241: 240: 235: 229: 228: 218: 217: 211: 210: 205: 199: 198: 193: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 166: 165: 159: 158: 155: 149: 148: 143: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 118: 117: 112: 106: 105: 100: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 73: 72: 66: 65: 62: 61: 50: 42: 41: 38: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8741: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 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8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8032: 8025: 8020: 8018: 8013: 8011: 8006: 8005: 8002: 7992: 7988: 7983: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 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7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7109: 7104: 7102: 7097: 7095: 7090: 7089: 7086: 7073: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7053: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7014: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6790: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6745: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6720: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6696: 6692: 6689: 6685: 6682: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6657: 6654: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6532: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6470:Great Britain 6467: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6446: 6444: 6439: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6428: 6422: 6415: 6406: 6402: 6395: 6394: 6386: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6352: 6351: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6319: 6318: 6310: 6309: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6272: 6271: 6264: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6206: 6196: 6192: 6183: 6182: 6175: 6170: 6166: 6165:Great Britain 6161: 6156: 6152: 6147: 6146: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6125: 6116: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6093: 6092:Great Britain 6088: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6072: 6066: 6055: 6054: 6047: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5991: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5963:James Gillray 5960: 5957: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5849: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5718: 5714: 5708: 5705:(1861–1862). 5704: 5700: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5533:Derry, J. W. 5532: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5471: 5469:9781402725920 5465: 5461: 5460: 5454: 5450: 5448:9780198217138 5444: 5440: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5420: 5419: 5412: 5408: 5406:9780199666423 5402: 5398: 5397: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5345:9780141038940 5341: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5326:9780394546742 5322: 5318: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5154: 5153: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5123:9780521466844 5119: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5108:Black, Jeremy 5105: 5101: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5068:. Constable. 5067: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5047:. Constable. 5046: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5026:. Constable. 5025: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5010:(1969–1996). 5009: 5005: 5004: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4917:Fletcher 2011 4913: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4879: 4870: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4852: 4845: 4840: 4833: 4828: 4820: 4819: 4812: 4804: 4803: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4756:(1): 94–103. 4755: 4751: 4744: 4742: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4661: 4656: 4648: 4646:9780521223119 4642: 4638: 4631: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4544: 4539: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4501: 4494: 4489: 4482: 4477: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4446:(1): 94–103. 4445: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4422: 4415: 4410: 4403: 4397: 4390: 4389:Stanhope 1862 4385: 4378: 4373: 4366: 4361: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4333: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4309: 4304: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4275: 4269: 4262: 4257: 4251:, p. 66. 4250: 4245: 4239:, p. 65. 4238: 4233: 4227:, p. 67. 4226: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4205: 4200: 4194:, p. 68. 4193: 4188: 4186: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4163: 4157: 4151:, p. 76. 4150: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4090:, p. 73. 4089: 4084: 4078:, p. 50. 4077: 4072: 4065: 4060: 4053: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4030:, p. 69. 4029: 4024: 4022: 4015:, p. 64. 4014: 4009: 4002: 3997: 3990: 3985: 3979:, p. 28. 3978: 3973: 3966: 3961: 3955:, p. 93. 3954: 3949: 3943:, p. 58. 3942: 3937: 3931:, p. 59. 3930: 3925: 3923: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3884:, p. 57. 3883: 3878: 3876: 3869:, p. 34. 3868: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3644:, p. 94. 3643: 3638: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3570: 3565: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3540: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3518: 3513: 3506: 3501: 3499: 3491: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3466: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3439: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3410: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3380:, p. 92. 3379: 3374: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3350: 3344:, p. 99. 3343: 3338: 3332:, p. 71. 3331: 3326: 3319: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3295:, p. 89. 3294: 3289: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3202:, p. 46. 3201: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3176: 3175:Halcombe 1859 3171: 3164: 3158: 3152:, p. 30. 3151: 3146: 3130: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3091: 3085: 3078: 3073: 3067:, p. 24. 3066: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3025:, p. 19. 3024: 3019: 3013:, p. 14. 3012: 3007: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2968: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2930: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2813:Pitt Street, 2812: 2810:, Nova Scotia 2809: 2806:Pitt Street, 2805: 2802: 2799:Chemin Pitt, 2798: 2795: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2602:Amazing Grace 2598: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2588:Julian Wadham 2585: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2522: 2521:William Hague 2518: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2462: 2460: 2459:William Hague 2455: 2453: 2452:Lord Auckland 2449: 2444: 2442: 2433: 2427:Personal life 2424: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2307:Battle of Ulm 2300: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195:Lord Harrowby 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2149: 2144: 2137:Reappointment 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091:Trinity House 2088: 2083: 2081: 2080:Walmer Castle 2077: 2069: 2064: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1816:ancien regime 1811: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1753: 1752:E.P. Thompson 1749: 1748:Eric J. Evans 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1668:habeas corpus 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1642: 1637: 1627: 1625: 1624:elder brother 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:heir apparent 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1503: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1485:instituted a 1479: 1475: 1474:James Gillray 1470: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1431:Francis Light 1428: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1367: 1365: 1359: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1307: 1306:George Romney 1302: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1268: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1244: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1212: 1205: 1197: 1191: → 1190: 1185: 1182:← 1177: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1098:Rise to power 1089: 1088:(August 2024) 1084: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 999: 997: 993: 989: 985: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 948:maiden speech 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 921:James Lowther 918: 903: 901: 897: 896:Lincoln's Inn 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 815: 800: 798: 793: 791: 790:ranked highly 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 764: 762: 758: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 706:Great Britain 703: 694: 691: 688: 684: 681: 677: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 643: 642:Great Britain 640: 636: 631: 627: 623: 619: 616: 613: 611: 607: 604: 600: 597: 593: 590: 587: 583: 579: 576: 574:Resting place 572: 568: 564: 555: 551: 547: 543: 531: 527: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 495: 492: 486: 483: 480: 474: 468: 463: 460: 455: 451: 447: 441: 438: 435: 429: 423: 418: 415: 410: 406: 402: 396: 393: 390: 384: 378: 373: 370: 367: 361: 357: 351: 345: 340: 337: 333: 329: 322: 318: 314: 308: 304: 298: 292: 287: 283: 277: 274: 271: 265: 259: 254: 251: 248: 242: 239: 236: 230: 224: 219: 216: 212: 209: 206: 200: 197: 194: 188: 185: 182: 178: 172: 167: 164: 160: 156: 150: 147: 144: 138: 134: 130: 124: 119: 116: 113: 107: 104: 101: 95: 92: 89: 85: 79: 74: 71: 67: 63: 54: 48: 43: 36: 31: 19: 8566: 8340:W. Churchill 8255:R. Churchill 8139: 8129: 8071: 7986: 7866:Thorneycroft 7811:W. Churchill 7771:Lloyd George 7736:R. Churchill 7633: 7611: 7561:Ellenborough 7559: 7554: 7544: 7534: 7495:Bilson-Legge 7487: 7483:Bilson-Legge 7473:Bilson-Legge 7465: 7443: 6954:Douglas-Home 6863:Lloyd George 6617: 6603: 6583: 6528:G. Grenville 6391: 6384: 6364: 6357: 6348: 6329:Richard Penn 6315: 6306: 6268: 6238: 6221: 6204: 6179: 6172:to form the 6154: 6143: 6114: 6099:to form the 6085: 6076: 6051: 6017: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5942: 5932: 5917: 5913: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5847: 5833: 5826: 5819: 5805: 5798: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5749: 5742: 5741:(1942); and 5738: 5731: 5717:vol 2 online 5713:vol 1 online 5706: 5687: 5683: 5667: 5659: 5655:(1997) 305pp 5652: 5645: 5637: 5622: 5603: 5590: 5573: 5563: 5545: 5534: 5520: 5494: 5483:Biographical 5462:. Sterling. 5458: 5438: 5417: 5395: 5385: 5364: 5354: 5335: 5316: 5307: 5298: 5289: 5279: 5259: 5247: 5228: 5216: 5196: 5186: 5171:. Retrieved 5151: 5141: 5132: 5112: 5089: 5064: 5043: 5022: 5016:(3 volumes) 5011: 5008:Ehrman, John 4986:. Retrieved 4982: 4973: 4961:. Retrieved 4957:the original 4952: 4943: 4934: 4924: 4919:, p. 1. 4912: 4900:. Retrieved 4896:the original 4886: 4857: 4851: 4839: 4827: 4817: 4811: 4801: 4794: 4753: 4749: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4684: 4655: 4636: 4630: 4618:. Retrieved 4614: 4605: 4593:. Retrieved 4589: 4580: 4568:. Retrieved 4564:the original 4559: 4550: 4538: 4528:11 September 4526:. Retrieved 4522: 4512: 4500: 4488: 4476: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4421: 4414:Kennedy 1987 4409: 4401: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4360: 4327: 4315: 4303: 4294: 4289:232-7, 248-9 4286: 4281: 4273: 4268: 4256: 4244: 4232: 4199: 4161: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120:. 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Longman. 5497:. Longman. 5299:Jane Austen 4505:Watson 1960 4495:, p. . 4493:Knight 2014 4481:Halévy 1924 4426:Briggs 1959 4003:, p. . 4001:Geggus 1982 3953:Irvine 2005 3805:Ehrman 1969 3759:, pp. 3757:Turner 2003 3747:, p. . 3642:Turner 2003 3478:Ehrman 1969 3113:27 February 3035:Ehrman 1969 2954:Briggs 1959 2765:Pitt Street 2743:George Town 2709:Pitt's Head 2677:Pitt Street 2382:biliousness 2076:Lord Warden 2058:Backbencher 2020:Resignation 1760:Jane Austen 1736:John Reeves 1688:impressment 1450:First Fleet 1433:, in 1786. 1404:Lord Sydney 1380:Tipu Sultan 1342:Tain Burghs 1333:Westminster 1249:The Rolliad 1238:Appointment 840:John Ehrman 814:Pitt family 539:28 May 1759 477:Preceded by 432:Preceded by 387:Preceded by 354:Preceded by 301:Preceded by 268:Preceded by 233:Preceded by 191:Preceded by 141:Preceded by 98:Preceded by 8573:Categories 8365:Crookshank 8360:Chuter Ede 8215:Palmerston 8205:Palmerston 7597:Vansittart 7577:Vansittart 7515:Dowdeswell 7500:Barrington 7331:Cottington 7201:Harvington 7176:Willoughby 7171:de la Leye 7161:G. Giffard 7156:W. Giffard 7123:of England 6751:Palmerston 6737:Palmerston 6688:Wellington 6667:Wellington 6563:Rockingham 6535:Rockingham 6507:Devonshire 6486:Wilmington 6274:1792–1806 6242:1804–1806 6225:1804–1806 6149:1783–1801 6134:Lord North 6118:1783–1801 6057:1782–1783 5762:Derry, J. 5696:vol 2 free 5676:B001OOYKNE 5614:B002AMOXYK 5566:, (2004); 5086:Alter, J-M 4988:26 January 4963:11 October 4902:11 October 4880:required.) 4844:Hague 2005 4832:Hague 2005 4687:. London. 4660:Hague 2005 4543:Hague 2005 4377:Hague 2005 4365:Hague 2005 4332:Hague 2005 4320:Hague 2005 4308:Hague 2005 4261:Evans 2002 4249:Evans 2002 4237:Evans 2002 4225:Evans 2002 4204:Evans 2002 4192:Evans 2002 4177:Evans 2002 4149:Perry 2005 4137:Perry 2005 4088:Perry 2005 4076:Evans 2002 4064:Duffy 1987 4052:Duffy 1987 4040:Duffy 1987 4028:Perry 2005 4013:Perry 2005 3989:James 1938 3977:Duffy 1987 3965:Perry 2005 3941:Evans 2002 3929:Evans 2002 3882:Evans 2002 3867:Ennis 2002 3843:Hague 2005 3791:, p. 3789:Black 1994 3745:Black 1994 3584:Hague 2005 3569:Hague 2005 3557:Hague 2005 3532:Hague 2005 3517:Hague 2005 3505:Hague 2005 3490:Hague 2005 3474:required.) 3429:, p. 3427:Short 1785 3402:Hague 2005 3390:Hague 2005 3378:Canny 1998 3366:Black 2006 3354:Hague 2005 3342:Hague 2005 3330:Hague 2005 3305:Hague 2005 3293:Hague 2005 3200:Hague 2005 3150:Hague 2005 3135:11 October 3065:Hague 2005 3023:Hague 2005 3011:Hague 2005 2997:, p. 2981:, p. 2941:References 2858:Pittsburgh 2835:Pitt River 2792:Rue Pitt, 2623:Blackadder 2500:Statue in 2473:Tom Steele 2357:J. G. Bubb 2295:Lord Mayor 2271:Napoleon I 2179:Lord Eldon 2004:, and the 1680:Royal Navy 1500:income tax 1321:George III 1278:Opposition 1141:George III 1019:Opposition 1004:George III 964:Lord North 884:Winchester 812:See also: 803:Early life 773:Lord Minto 768:Asa Briggs 733:George III 638:Allegiance 610:Alma mater 535:1759-05-28 392:Lord North 184:George III 135:George III 91:George III 8535:Rees-Mogg 8520:Lidington 8450:MacGregor 8325:MacDonald 8315:MacDonald 8270:Gladstone 8250:Gladstone 8240:Gladstone 8235:Northcote 8230:Gladstone 8220:Gladstone 8170:Huskisson 8135:Addington 8114:Townshend 8094:Grenville 8084:Grenville 7886:Callaghan 7861:Macmillan 7851:Gaitskell 7716:Gladstone 7711:Northcote 7706:Gladstone 7686:Gladstone 7671:Gladstone 7613:Tenterden 7550:Addington 7540:Cavendish 7530:Cavendish 7520:Townshend 7510:Grenville 7489:Mansfield 7478:Lyttelton 7336:Colepeper 7301:Fortescue 7291:Sackville 7211:Stratford 7206:Wodehouse 7141:Leicester 6982:Callaghan 6947:Macmillan 6933:Churchill 6919:Churchill 6898:MacDonald 6884:MacDonald 6835:Salisbury 6821:Gladstone 6814:Salisbury 6807:Gladstone 6800:Salisbury 6793:Gladstone 6779:Gladstone 6702:Melbourne 6681:Melbourne 6646:Liverpool 6611:Addington 6570:Shelburne 6514:Newcastle 6500:Newcastle 6155:New title 5227:(2011) . 4786:144666348 4770:0021-9371 4732:154447696 4570:31 August 4468:144666348 2913:porphyria 2872:Footnotes 2750:Hong Kong 2713:Snowdonia 2691:Pitt Town 2667:Australia 2663:Pittwater 2631:Number 10 2441:port wine 1920:Defenders 1791:to seize 1762:'s novel 1717:, Glasgow 1664:seditious 1594:. 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