938:
242:
1012:
2693:
735:
36:
855:
890:– and, a short distance away, the location of Palazzo del Capitano. The book collection, for the most part with open shelves, has now exceeded one million volumes in total. It focuses on the disciplines under study at the Normale, and also houses texts on information science, bibliography and librarianship. In addition to the regular acquisitions, it has also been enriched by donations by various scholars connected to the Scuola; among these we can mention
1242:
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framework of the Scuola and the profile of
Institute of Scientific Higher Education emerged: in particular, a significant increase in the internal teaching staff, the foundation and the strengthening of research structures and a rise in the number of undergraduate and postgraduate students were achieved. Finally, the law of 18 June 1989 recognized the equivalence of the Scuola's
527:, new regulations of the Scuola Normale were approved, which removed its qualification function while maintaining that of "preparing for teaching in secondary schools and for the examinations which award qualifications for such teaching" and of promoting postgraduate studies, accessible by all graduates at national level.
364:", chosen by the Director among the students of the Normale, who "repeated" the university lessons daily and coordinated the "conferences", which were a sort of seminar. With this qualifying training, after graduation the students committed themselves to teaching in secondary schools for at least ten years.
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Sciences is divided into subject areas, within which the individual courses are organized. The subject areas are:Chemistry and geology; Physics; Mathematics and computer science; Biological sciences. The
Department of Political and Social Sciences covers the subject areas of political and social sciences.
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The
Archival Centre of the Scuola Normale Superiore, established in October 2013, preserves, in addition to the rich documentary heritage of the Scuola, numerous archives of 19th and 20th century cultural figures acquired through testamentary legacies, gifts and deposits but also thanks to a targeted
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For access to the first year, A-level results and any other previous qualifications are not assessed during the exam. For access to the fourth year, results obtained for the bachelor's degree and any other previous qualifications are not assessed during the exam. The selection is rigorous: only about
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The undergraduate courses of the SNS (Bachelor's and master's degrees) cover the teaching curriculum of three macro-disciplinary areas: Letters and
Philosophy, Sciences and Political-Social Sciences (the latter only for master's degrees).The students selected through competition must follow both the
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Gentile carried out a structural revision of the institution so that it would acquire national importance; to this end he oversaw the expansion of the headquarters and a considerable increase in the number of students and internal activities. His authority, together with the consensus of the Regime,
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In
Tuscany the provisional government (1859–60) tried to protect the most illustrious local traditions, such as the Normale. After a long debate, in the Senate and in the press, on the opportuneness of maintaining this unique and anomalous institution, in 1862 it was officially named "Scuola Normale
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The
Faculty of Humanities is divided into subject areas, within which the individual courses are organized. The subject areas refer to: Literature, philology and linguistics; Philosophy; History and paleography; History of Art and Archaeology; Ancient history and classical philology. The Faculty of
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In the academic year 2014/2015 the teaching curriculum for the postgraduate courses was expanded thanks to the merger with the
Istituto di Scienze Umane di Firenze (SUM) (the Institute of Human Sciences of Florence, SUM), now named Department of Political and Social Sciences of the Normale. In 2018
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in 1873). With the development of the postgraduate course, the Scuola was increasingly taking on the function, as well as of a university college, of a higher institute of scientific education and research. At the political level the role of the "President" of the board of directors was defined as
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On 22 February 1811, the first call was issued, but the Pisa-based
Normale began its activity only in 1813, when the first students of Arts and Sciences attended the Scuola. The first site of the Scuola was the convent of San Silvestro in Pisa: it was a student residence halfway between a military
189:
in Paris, with the aim of training the teachers of the Empire to educate its citizens. In 2013 the
Florentine site was added to the historical site in Pisa, following the inclusion of the Institute of Human Sciences in Florence (SUM). Since 2018 the Scuola Normale Superiore has been federated with
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by the explosion of the nearby Ponte
Solferino, was rebuilt in the 1950s, and was initially the female housing section for students of the Scuola Normale Superiore. Currently it is assigned to students and scholarship holders and is divided into three colleges: Timpano, Timpanino and Acconci (the
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The Normale was reserved at that time to the best high school students, aged between 17 and 24, who during their two years of studies also obtained degrees at the faculties of Arts and Sciences of the Imperial University. The students had particular commitments and were obliged to take additional
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and had spread throughout Italy; at the Normale not only was the entire university system challenged, but also the approach of the Scuola and its fundamental regulations. The difficult dialogue between the institution and its students gave rise to the 1969 Statute, from which the new educational
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For admission to the undergraduate courses, a commission formed by the research staff of the Scuola Normale and of other universities assesses candidates, attempting to identify talent for study and research. The tests, which usually take place in August and September, are written and oral, and
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in Pisa and with the University Institute of Advanced Studies in Pavia, to offer new educational opportunities that could integrate the skills of the three institutions in certain areas such as economic-political disciplines and the study of the physical-chemical dynamics that influence climate
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The new Scuola was "theoretical and practical", intended to "train teachers of secondary schools"; it was a boarding school that offered ten free places (with advantages reserved for the Knights of the Order), which could be accessed by call at the age of eighteen, as well as other paid places.
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Those who have right of access to the canteen of the Scuola Normale, located on the lower floors of Palazzo D'Ancona (in the immediate vicinity of the Palazzo della Carovana, in Via Consoli del Mare 5) are: undergraduate students, Italian and international PhD students, research grant holders,
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The Timpano College was the first real estate donation to the Scuola, in 1932: located on the Lungarno Pacinotti, it was donated to the Scuola by a singular character, the Calabrian Domenico Timpano, who had made a fortune selling, in the United States at the time of Prohibition, alcohol-based
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The boarding school was attended exclusively by students of Philosophy and Philology, while students of Physical and Mathematical Sciences at the University were aggregated to the Scuola: the latter, however, were required to attend the pedagogy course and to practice teaching by doing teacher
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At the educational level, the board of directors was divided into two "sections", Letters and Philosophy and Physics-Mathematics, formed by the relative teaching staff; the latter sections were the forerunners of the current Faculties, under the control of the "Director of Studies".
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Admission to the undergraduate courses and to the postgraduate courses (PhD) takes place by competition. You can access the Normale from the first year of university, or after obtaining a three-year degree. Finally, you can be admitted to the Scuola as a postgraduate student (PhD).
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was requisitioned by the Anglo-American army: students and teaching staff were relegated to the Puteano College. [Luigi Russo, reinstated as Director, continued the work of safeguarding the material of the Scuola and of its library, while the temporary site resumed its activities.
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The post-war Normale was also the era of women: seventy years from the admittance of the first woman to the Normale, in 1959 a "Female Section" was finally established, with headquarters in Palazzo del Timpano, to enable women to lead a collegial life within the Scuola.
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For admission to the Postgraduate Course (PhD) the competition, open to graduates from all over the world, is based on qualifications and exams. Those selected receive a scholarship, as well as additional ad hoc grants for research activities in Italy and abroad.
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initiated a long awareness campaign that allowed them to find financial resources, including contributions not coming from the state, and to create a heritage through donations and purchases, in accordance with a policy that would continue in the following years.
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The Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa was thus established at the behest of Napoleon. The term "Normale" refers to its primary teaching mission, that is to train high school teachers to educate citizens according to coherent teaching and methodological "norms".
674:, it affirmed its original vocation for the pure disciplines, renouncing the management of the medical and juridical Colleges (to which the Collegio Pacinotti for applied sciences had been added) : the process that would lead to the establishment of the
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To study the feasibility of the new project, Grand Duke Leopold II of Lorraine nominated a commission, which re-established the original function of the Scuola Normale Superiore, that of preparing secondary school teachers. On 28 November 1846, a grand-ducal
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The Library was established at the same time as the Scuola and is an essential tool for teaching and research. It currently occupies three locations overlooking Piazza dei Cavalieri – the Palazzo dell'Orologio, the Palazzo della Canonica and a part of the
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Regulations of 1862, which eliminated any religious and confessional aspects, in line with the secular orientation of Italian politics. The years of study became four by ministerial decree in 1863, and a new organizational structure was established.
332:– a province of the French empire since 1807 – established an "Academic student residence" in Pisa for university students. Twenty-five places were made available for students of the Faculties of Arts and Sciences, to create a branch of the Parisian
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College is located in via Turati, not far from Pisa central station; it has been owned by the Scuola since 1994. Partially restored in 2002, it is also being renovated at the moment. This building was dedicated to the illustrious poet and scholar,
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concern the disciplinary fields chosen by candidates for their academic career. The exam topics are studied in such a way that admission to the Scuola is guaranteed not for notional and mnemonic skills but rather for originality and intuition.
573:, and acquired legal status and administrative, educational and disciplinary autonomy. The Normale, affirming its uniqueness in the Italian school system, was expanded above all to educate an increasingly more selected cultural Ă©lite.
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5% of those who take part in the competition are usually admitted. Students of the Scuola Normale Superiore do not pay any fees for their studies: university fees are reimbursed and accommodation and board are free.
475:, engaged in financial measures and public works deemed to be more urgent, approved, with the decree of 17 August 1862, only some modifications to the Scuola's regulations, so that it could continue to function as a
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The Association publishes the Normale bulletin every six months or every year; the bulletin is the official organ of the association, registered at the Tribunal of Pisa; its current graphic design is the work of
198:, the only other two university institutions with special status that, in the Italian panorama, offer, in accordance with standards of excellence, both undergraduate and postgraduate educational activities.
726:) must also be added to this real estate; it is a branch of the Scuola used for conferences and summer schools organized also in collaboration with other authorities and academic and research institutions.
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change and the repercussions in the agri-food sector. Following the merger between the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa and the Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane (the Italian Institute of Human Sciences),
569:, recognized by the Royal Decree of 28 July 1932, was inaugurated on 10 December. Equipped with a new Statute, the Scuola became an independent higher education institution, albeit still connected to the
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The period of closure of the Scuola after the Napoleonic phase was actually quite short. The Grand Duke's decree of 22 December 1817 re-established the ancient Ordine dei Cavalieri di Santo Stefano (the
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law of 1859, originally issued for the Piedmontese and Lombard institutions: based on a centralized model, it gave private bodies the possibility to provide education, at the same time establishing the
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were added to the buildings dedicated to the activities of the Scuola; the latter building, following its renovation, was assigned to the students of the postgraduate courses of the Department.
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facilitated negotiations with the Archbishopric to obtain the availability of the Puteano College building which, together with that of the Timpano, would later be used to house the young
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The Scuola Normale Superiore offers both undergraduate education (which corresponds to the university curriculum of the bachelor's and master's degree) and postgraduate (PhD) education.
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in 1877, establishing the opening of the boarding school also to the section of Sciences and simplifying the complex structure of the previous "Regulations of studies and examinations".
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as well as a prominent figure of Italian Fascism, ideologue of the Regime and minister of education, was nominated as commissioner; he later became Director of the Normale, in 1928.
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the authority responsible for the moral, educational and economic governance of the Scuola. Finally, at an organizational level, there was the increasingly important role of the
1797:: the protagonist of the novel, Elena Greco, is admitted to the Normale and describes her years in Pisa. The Scuola Normale Superiore has also appeared in the following films:
973:), but also from gifts or purchases: among these, mention must be made of the Salviati archive, which, among its important documents, also preserves an autograph manuscript by
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1311:, mathematician, a leading member of the vigorous geometric school which flourished in Italy during the later years of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century
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634:, who protected the library and the furnishings of the Palazzo della Carovana, transformed into German barracks, and transferred the most important collections to the nearby
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for anti-Fascist activity. To deal with the disturbances caused by the political events and the decline of the Scuola, which had increasingly fewer students, the philosopher
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was liberated and, in addition to the restoration of the building, it was decided to issue a call for seventy places for veteran or partisan students. Luigi Russo and
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together with a Scuola Normale. It has to be said that even in the previous period novice Knights were often students of the University of Pisa and therefore the
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Various associations of alumni and professors have been operative at the Scuola at various stages of its history. After the first initiative by the philosopher
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The Scuola Normale Superiore was the first Italian institution to create a PhD programme, in 1927. To date, the PhD courses of the Faculty of Humanities are:
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1979:
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courses taught at the Normale and the corresponding courses of study of the University, respecting rigorous study obligations. Studies are free of charge.
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580:, which affected students and teaching staff. The Normale at that time still had many free-spirited souls in its midst: it was also the Scuola of
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training in schools, in keeping with a strong professional connotation which was later to be abandoned. The course of studies lasted three years.
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431:, the fear of subversive movements and tumults led to reactionary and confessional attitudes much lamented by the students themselves, including
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2015:
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1463:. Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, highly accomplished in both theory and experiment. Along with
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SMART – Strategie Multidisciplinari Applicate alla Ricerca e alla Tecnologia (Multidisciplinary Strategies Applied to Research and Technology)
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purchasing policy. Many collections come from former students and / or former lecturers of the Scuola Normale (collections from the directors
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In the 1960s, the Scuola Normale faced the challenges of the "university for the masses". Between 1964 and 1977, under the firm management of
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allowed him to find means and collaboration for his project. Meanwhile, the relationship between the State and the Church inaugurated by the
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order and a convent, in which the life of the students was characterized by strict disciplinary regulations similar to those of the French
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to establish the Pisan model by extending it to other universities or to reorganize and expand the Scuola Normale of Pisa. But the new
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to the throne of Tuscany coincided with the closure of the Scuola despite the various attempts to save it in the name of its function.
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1344:, also studied at the Collegio Medico-Giuridico of the Scuola Normale Superiore, which today is Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
1334:, also studied at the Collegio Medico-Giuridico of the Scuola Normale Superiore, which today is Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
1293:, also studied at the Collegio Medico-Giuridico of the Scuola Normale Superiore, which today is Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
507:, who managed the services as well as the human and financial resources, and had disciplinary jurisdiction over the students. The
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1761:(Undersecretary of State at the President's Office of the Cabinet) of the Monti Government. The director is Andrea Bianchi.
604:, although with some regulatory limitations and many practical difficulties. In the meantime, also after the issuing of the
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Students of the postgraduate course do not usually stay in the colleges, but receive a monthly grant for accommodation; in
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of reference regarding admissions, occupations, punishments, rewards and even student clothing. Following the model of the
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SAET – Storia, Archeologia, Epigrafia, Tradizione dell'antico (History, Archaeology, Epigraphy, Tradition of the ancient)
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became increasingly more invasive, up until the first serious episode of repression, with the arrest in 1928 of three
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are part of the initiative "Invest Your Talent in Italy" which puts Italian graduate programmes on the world's stage.
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College, which opened in 2006, is the last residential college acquired by the Scuola Normale and is shared with the
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and has been used as accommodation for students since 1996. It is dedicated to the distinguished Italian physicist
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was extended to the whole of Italy. The Italian school system was therefore regulated for over sixty years by the
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Eminent personalities from the world of science, literature and politics have studied at the Normale, among them
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The Napoleonic Scuola Normale had a short life: the only academic year was 1813/14, during which the physicist
392:) in Pisa: in 1843 the Council of the Order proposed to establish a "boarding school for young nobles" in the
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1119:– can accommodate students of the postgraduate courses of the Department of Political and Social Sciences .
630:, threatened with arrest for political reasons, had to leave the city and was replaced by the mathematician
458:"diritto dello Stato all’insegnamento universitario"(the right of the State regarding university education)
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In the grand-ducal period the Scuola was affected by the political climate: following the enthusiasm of the
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1830:
1331:
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and Ettore Passerin d'Entrèves. A digital library is also being developed as part of the library service.
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The students of the Scuola Normale, in Pisa, are currently housed in four colleges, located in the town:
619:, the Normale remained under German domination, since geographically it belonged to the territory of the
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1202:, where for 2014–2015 was ranked at 63rd place in the world and 15th in Europe. As for 2024 rankings,
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1078:. The building is located in Via del Giardino, near the Palazzo di Giustizia, and is dedicated to
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1115:– a building owned by the City of Florence, recently renovated with funds made available by the
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CRM – Centro di Ricerca Matematica Ennio De Giorgi (Ennio De Giorgi Mathematics Research Centre)
412:(because it was connected to the Austrian system). On 15 November 1847, the new headquarters in
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In 1938 the Scuola Normale, like all the universities of the Italian Kingdom, endorsed the
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Some narrative works of the 21st century are set at the Scuola Normale Superiore, such as
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The Napoleonic decree of 18 October 1810, concerning "public education establishments" in
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winner. He works primarily on calculus of variations and partial differential equations.
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restorative products from his pharmaceutical industry. The building, damaged during the
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Un'altra UniversitĂ . La Scuola Normale Superiore dal crollo del fascismo al Sessantotto
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Un'altra UniversitĂ . La Scuola Normale Superiore dal crollo del fascismo al Sessantotto
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Un'altra UniversitĂ . La Scuola Normale Superiore dal crollo del fascismo al Sessantotto
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Un'altra UniversitĂ . La Scuola Normale Superiore dal crollo del fascismo al Sessantotto
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2067:
2038:
2009:
1958:
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1587:
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352:, the Scuola was entrusted to a "Director", assisted by the "Sub-director" and by the "
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and also of the Scuola Normale itself, now President of the Scientif Committee of the
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356:", in charge of administration, supervision of studies and the safeguarding of order.
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puts this system in the 501–600 band in the world and placing between 18–24 in Italy.
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The publishing activity of the Scuola began with the foundation of the two journals (
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of 1794 on behalf of the Committee of Public Instruction, explained it as follows: "
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The European Research Ranking, a ranking based on publicly available data from the
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scholarship holders, teaching and administrative staff, and guests of the Scuola.
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règle. Ces écoles doivent être en effet le type et la règle de toutes les autres.
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178:, currently attended by about 600 undergraduate and postgraduate (PhD) students.
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Nationalist propaganda also took hold within the Normale and the control of the
162:(commonly known in Italy as "la Normale") is a public university institution in
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college, owned by the Scuola since 1993, is located a few steps away from the
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DocStAr – Documentazione Storico Artistica (Artistic Historical Documentation)
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Between 1967 and 1968 students and teachers of the Normale took part in the
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among the best in Italy and best performing European research institutions.
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Consigliere per la Stampa e l'Informazione del Presidente della Repubblica
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The Scuola Normale is located in its original historical building, called
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1925:"Statute, Regulations and Code of Ethics | Scuola Normale Superiore"
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as well as the right to 'supervise' all the levels of the school system.
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1757:(Press and Information Councillor of the President of the Republic) and
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The research centres and the laboratories operating at the Normale are:
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The PhD courses of the Department of Political and Social Sciences are:
2372:"Italian graduate programmes on the world's stage | Topgradschool"
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After the tragic air raid on Pisa on 31 August 1943, the new Director,
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The "new" Normale was introduced into the national legal system by the
320:, rule. These schools must indeed be the kind and rule of all others."
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in 1933, later revitalized in the 1950s, in 1997, at the proposal of
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592:, theorist of non-violence and firm opponent of the Fascist Regime.
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sottosegretario di Stato alla Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri
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The current president is Roberto Cerreto; previous presidents were
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in countries where the use of the Italian language was authorized.
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The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth Century Miller
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1791:(2013), second installment of the four-volume work known as the
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and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with
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1680:, mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to
2441:"Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, anno accademico 2009/2010"
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NEST – National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology
175:
2325:"Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2014–2015"
1573:, mathematician, noted for his fundamental contributions to
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115:
2106:
La Scuola Normale Superiore. Percorsi del merito 1810–2010
2092:
La Scuola Normale Superiore. Percorsi del merito 1810–2010
2060:
La Scuola Normale Superiore. Percorsi del merito 1810–2010
2031:
La Scuola Normale Superiore. Percorsi del merito 1810–2010
2002:
La Scuola Normale Superiore. Percorsi del merito 1810–2010
1951:
La Scuola Normale Superiore. Percorsi nel merito 1810–2010
1273:
Notable alumni and faculty of the Scuola Normale include:
1350:, mathematician, remembered for his achievements on the
511:
regulations followed those issued by Education Minister
149:
2398:"ResearchRanking.org: European Research Ranking – home"
1374:
and studied periodic solutions of systems of nonlinear
523:
In 1927, three years after the entry into force of the
375:
signed the act of abdication: the return of Grand Duke
1864:"Student Guidebook – Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa"
1643:
Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities
1007:
STAR – Systems and Theories for Astrochemical Research
600:
The Scuola Normale continued its activity despite the
447:, the legislative and administrative structure of the
2686:
2295:
1722:, the current Association was founded, simply called
1340:, Professor of Administrative Law and a judge of the
989:
Bio@SNS – Laboratorio di Biologia(Biology Laboratory)
2374:. Graduateschool.topuniversities.com. Archived from
1554:) which examined the beliefs of an Italian heretic,
980:
665:
408:
established the Scuola Normale Toscana, also called
252:
The Scuola Normale Superiore was founded in 1810 by
2568:"Enrico Fermi Dead at 53; Architect of Atomic Bomb"
2511:
The Physicists: A Generation that Changed the World
2539:
2327:. Times Higher Education World University Rankings
1567:, politician, President of Italy from 1955 to 1962
1447:, and for his contributions to the development of
2637:
1394:from 1999 to 2006. Until his death, he served as
738:The first statute of the Scuola Normale Superiore
435:, who was a student there between 1853 and 1856.
3295:
1583:theory of functions of several complex variables
1542:, noted historian and proponent of the field of
1387:, Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and
1282:theory of functions of several complex variables
1204:Times Higher Education World University Rankings
1200:Times Higher Education World University Rankings
1117:Ministry of Education, Universities and Research
788:The PhD courses of the Faculty of Sciences are:
694:to that of PhDs issued by Italian universities.
641:On 2 September 1944 the city was liberated, but
2090:, then Minister of the Education (P. Carlucci,
1536:, and Professor at the Scuola Normale Superiore
1417:and the foundations of mathematics, solved the
3329:1810 establishments in the First French Empire
1504:, Minister of Public Education (1923) and neo-
595:
438:
2717:
2271:
2269:
1532:, also devised his own system of philosophy,
1236:
763:
584:– who, a few years from then, would join the
279:
3324:Educational institutions established in 1810
310:
295:
269:
1977:
1515:, described himself as 'the philosopher of
1196:Italy's six top higher education institutes
400:was already, in effect, a "noble college".
301:
16:Public higher learning institution in Italy
3334:Universities and colleges formed by merger
2724:
2710:
2691:
2305:. Times Higher Education. 18 February 2000
2266:
2234:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2205:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2176:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2147:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2118:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2043:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2014:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1963:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1210:168th place in the world and 2nd in Italy.
500:Annali della classe di lettere e filosofia
2731:
2537:
1666:, mathematician, most noted for creating
1619:for work leading to the discovery of the
807:Methods and models for molecular sciences
467:Various draft laws were submitted to the
382:
2594:
2542:Oppenheimer: The Father of the Atom Bomb
2303:"Italy's big six form network for elite"
2219:
2190:
2161:
2132:
2103:
2057:
2028:
1999:
1948:
1764:
1579:theory of partial differential equations
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1010:
936:
853:
754:
733:
323:
240:
181:It was founded in 1810 with a decree by
2649:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
2598:Enrico Fermi: Father of the Atomic Bomb
2482:Alfieri, Maria Chiara (27 March 2011).
2481:
2253:"ARWU: Scuola Normale Superiore - Pisa"
2247:
2245:
1900:"Sites | Scuola Normale Superiore"
1641:, archeologist, former director of the
1467:, he is frequently referred to as "the
1022:
360:courses: they were supervised by four "
196:Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia
3296:
1781:. The Scuola Normale also features in
1182:Academic Ranking of World Universities
1086:who subsequently became rector of the
746:
729:
2705:
2462:"Quale futuro per la Normale di Pisa"
1670:, usually considered a forerunner to
1194:are named as leading institutions in
518:
256:decree, as a twin institution of the
2508:
2502:
2242:
1858:
1856:
1816:Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
1773:by Ilaria Gaspari and some pages by
1188:Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
778:Italian Studies and Modern Philology
700:Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
676:Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
260:in Paris, itself dating back to the
192:Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
1980:"ENS Rennes – ENS Rennes – Accueil"
1632:, contributor to the design of the
698:the Normale was federated with the
390:Order of the Knights of St. Stephen
289:who, in submitting a report to the
13:
2644:"Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa"
14:
3345:
2678:
2086:On the initiative, above all, of
1873:. 27 January 2011. Archived from
1853:
1731:Luigi Arialdo Radicati di Brozolo
1392:President of the Italian Republic
1370:: he also worked in the field of
981:Research centres and laboratories
666:From the post-war period to today
3314:Buildings and structures in Pisa
3304:Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
2666:Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
2419:"European Research Ranking 2017"
1871:Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa
861:, Scuola Normale's main building
678:began from the latter Colleges.
316:" "Normal : from the Latin
160:Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa
34:
22:Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa
3201:Reggio Calabria Dante Alighieri
3171:Milan Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
2659:
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2097:
1376:ordinary differential equations
821:Political science and sociology
371:was Director. On 6 April 1814,
245:A detail of the main building,
2080:
2051:
2022:
1993:
1971:
1942:
1917:
1892:
1415:partial differential equations
1413:, mathematician who worked on
1378:by using methods of nonlinear
1354:, on the theory of parametric
1044:winner for literature in 1906.
496:Annali della classe di scienze
1:
2670:Mathematics Genealogy Project
2484:""Leopardi" di Pietro Citati"
2347:"Invest your talent in Italy"
1846:
1342:Constitutional Court of Italy
410:Imperial Regia Scuola Normale
3146:Benevento Giustino Fortunato
2281:Times Higher Education (THE)
1831:List of Italian universities
1800:Now or Never (Ora o mai piĂą)
1407:, writer and literary critic
1332:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
1326:, jurist who specialized in
1215:QS World University Rankings
873:, in the medieval centre of
828:
58:; 214 years ago
7:
3251:Turin International College
2277:"World University Rankings"
1809:
1745:was an honorary president.
1546:. He is best known for his
1491:, mathematician, known for
1126:
1067:winner for physics in 1938.
947:
596:The war and post-war period
558:while the expansion of the
439:The post-unification period
10:
3350:
3216:Rome International Studies
1465:J. Robert Oppenheimer
1237:Notable alumni and faculty
1076:Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
880:
764:Postgraduate courses (PhD)
649:On 25 September 1945, the
236:
3280:43.7196111°N 10.4002250°E
3138:
2992:
2906:
2833:Chieti–Pescara D'Annunzio
2815:
2739:
2351:postgradinitaly.esteri.it
2224:. Pisa. pp. 267–275.
2195:. Pisa. pp. 249–264.
1319:Nobel Prize in Literature
1173:
1160:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1111:, however, the Residenza
1103:latter acquired in 1967).
1092:National Research Council
1015:Church of the Knights of
849:
144:
136:
110:
100:
90:
80:
70:
52:
42:
33:
26:
3151:Bra Gastronomic Sciences
2939:Modena and Reggio Emilia
2838:Caserta Luigi Vanvitelli
2697:(in Italian and English)
2654:University of St Andrews
2220:Carlucci, Paola (2012).
2191:Carlucci, Paola (2012).
2162:Carlucci, Paola (2012).
2133:Carlucci, Paola (2012).
2104:Carlucci, Paola (2010).
2058:Carlucci, Paola (2010).
2029:Carlucci, Paola (2010).
2000:Carlucci, Paola (2010).
1949:Carlucci, Paola (2010).
1836:École normale supérieure
1805:Il Giocatore invisibile.
1328:public international law
1289:, politician and former
1219:Scuola Normale Superiore
1208:Scuola Normale Superiore
1192:Scuola Normale Superiore
824:Transnational Governance
615:by the Grand Council on
350:École normale supérieure
334:École normale supérieure
297:Normales : du latin
258:École normale supérieure
233:, in more recent times.
187:École normale supérieure
28:Scuola Normale Superiore
3319:Universities in Tuscany
2166:. Pisa. pp. 90–98.
2137:. Pisa. pp. 79–89.
2033:. Pisa. pp. 17–20.
2004:. Pisa. pp. 14–15.
1953:. Pisa. pp. 11–14.
1788:The Story of a New Name
1724:Associazione Normalisti
1704:Associazione Normalisti
1684:and integral equations.
1511:philosopher, a peer of
1291:Prime Minister of Italy
804:Mathematics for finance
611:With the deposition of
477:Scuola Normale italiana
3285:43.7196111; 10.4002250
3231:Rome Maria SS. Assunta
3211:Rome Guglielmo Marconi
2538:Goodchild, P. (1983).
1821:Pisa University System
1741:and Umberto Sampieri.
1694:noted for his work on
1550:(1976, English title:
1548:Il formaggio e I vermi
1481:, mathematician, 2018
1433:Nobel Prize in Physics
1270:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1230:Pisa University System
1053:Palazzo della Carovana
1019:
1017:Order of Saint Stephen
944:
888:Palazzo della Carovana
867:Palazzo della Carovana
862:
859:Palazzo della Carovana
739:
643:Palazzo della Carovana
560:Palazzo della Carovana
414:Palazzo della Carovana
394:Palazzo della Carovana
383:The grand-ducal period
311:
302:
296:
280:
270:
249:
247:Palazzo della Carovana
2733:Universities in Italy
2595:Lichello, R. (1971).
2421:. Researchranking.org
1765:Cinema and literature
1634:Large Hadron Collider
1590:, philosopher, writer
1560:Montereale Valcellina
1525:A Doctrine of Fascism
1461:statistical mechanics
1437:induced radioactivity
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1014:
940:
920:Paul Oskar Kristeller
857:
755:Undergraduate courses
737:
692:post-graduate diploma
464:del Regno d'Italia".
324:The Napoleonic period
244:
194:in Pisa and with the
3241:Torrevecchia Teatina
2640:Robertson, Edmund F.
2088:Francesco de Sanctis
1771:L'etica dell'Aquario
1743:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
1682:mathematical biology
1419:19th Hilbert problem
1385:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
1368:variational problems
1253:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
1023:Colleges and canteen
942:Piazza dei Cavalieri
928:Sebastiano Timpanaro
871:Piazza dei Cavalieri
722:(in the province of
685:that had started in
582:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
505:Provveditore-Economo
219:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
82:Administrative staff
3276: /
3236:Rome Niccolò Cusano
2638:O'Connor, John J.;
2378:on 25 December 2012
2283:. 29 September 2023
2108:. Pisa. p. 56.
2062:. Pisa. p. 22.
1602:, Literary Theorist
1497:Fubini–Study metric
1380:functional analysis
1330:, President of the
1226:European Commission
1136:University rankings
1090:, president of the
971:Gilberto Bernardini
959:Alessandro d'Ancona
747:Teaching curriculum
730:Academic structures
672:Gilberto Bernardini
291:National Convention
185:as a branch of the
23:
3186:Milan San Raffaele
3075:Perugia Foreigners
2984:Venice Ca' Foscari
2934:Marche Polytechnic
2777:Naples Federico II
2576:. 23 November 1954
2573:The New York Times
1826:University of Pisa
1658:Ruxandra Sireteanu
1630:Francesco Ruggiero
1617:Simon van der Meer
1613:particle physicist
1610:Knight Grand Cross
1431:, physicist, 1938
1366:and related other
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1088:University of Pisa
1020:
945:
932:Clifford Truesdell
916:Arnaldo Momigliano
863:
740:
711:and the Residenza
588:– and formerly of
571:University of Pisa
567:Normale Gentiliana
519:The Gentile Reform
416:were inaugurated.
250:
75:Napoléon Bonaparte
21:
3309:Education in Pisa
3259:
3258:
3095:Rome Foro Italico
2949:Naples Parthenope
2807:Turin Polytechnic
2772:Milan Polytechnic
2612:978-0-87157-011-6
2509:Snow, C. (1981).
1978:CĂ©cile Le Jeune.
1794:Neapolitan Novels
1692:moral philosopher
1668:Tonelli's theorem
1621:W and Z particles
1600:Francesco Orlando
1571:Eugenio Elia Levi
1352:Plateau's problem
1177:
1176:
900:Francesco Flamini
718:The Palazzone di
262:French Revolution
156:
155:
3341:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3221:Rome Link Campus
3191:Naples Benincasa
3105:Siena Foreigners
2914:Bari Polytechnic
2883:Rome Tor Vergata
2797:Rome La Sapienza
2726:
2719:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2687:Official website
2672:
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1997:
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1990:
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1968:
1962:
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1937:
1935:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1880:on 26 April 2012
1879:
1868:
1860:
1739:Franco Montanari
1720:Alessandro Faedo
1716:Giovanni Gentile
1672:Fubini's theorem
1660:, neuroscientist
1639:Salvatore Settis
1565:Giovanni Gronchi
1530:Benito Mussolini
1502:Giovanni Gentile
1493:Fubini's theorem
1457:particle physics
1435:for his work on
1396:Senator for life
1360:Lebesgue measure
1356:minimal surfaces
1269:Giovanni Gronchi
1190:, together with
1143:Global – Overall
1138:
1131:
1130:
1100:Second World War
1080:Alessandro Faedo
912:Giorgio Pasquali
636:Certosa di Calci
621:Republic of Salò
602:Second World War
540:Giovanni Gentile
314:
307:
299:
285:) was coined by
283:
275:
227:Giovanni Gentile
223:Giovanni Gronchi
152:
66:
64:
59:
38:
24:
20:
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3278:
3275:
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3267:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3206:Rome Biomedical
3176:Milan Humanitas
3156:Casamassima LUM
3134:
3090:Reggio Calabria
2988:
2902:
2811:
2735:
2730:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2660:
2636:
2632:
2626:Leonida Tonelli
2624:
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1861:
1854:
1849:
1812:
1767:
1712:
1664:Leonida Tonelli
1647:Musée du Louvre
1588:Michela Marzano
1534:Actual Idealism
1513:Benedetto Croce
1479:Alessio Figalli
1441:nuclear reactor
1411:Ennio De Giorgi
1372:optimal control
1348:Lamberto Cesari
1324:Antonio Cassese
1315:Giosuè Carducci
1305:, Art historian
1299:, Art Historian
1239:
1134:
1129:
1038:Giosuè Carducci
1025:
983:
950:
924:Delio Cantimori
904:Cesare Luporini
883:
852:
831:
766:
757:
749:
732:
705:Palazzo Strozzi
668:
655:Leonida Tonelli
632:Leonida Tonelli
598:
521:
441:
433:Giosuè Carducci
385:
326:
239:
231:Alessio Figalli
203:Giosuè Carducci
148:
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3085:Pisa Sant'Anna
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2944:Naples Eastern
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2680:
2679:External links
2677:
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2611:
2587:
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2530:
2523:
2501:
2474:
2453:
2432:
2410:
2389:
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2338:
2316:
2294:
2265:
2241:
2212:
2183:
2154:
2125:
2096:
2079:
2050:
2021:
1992:
1970:
1941:
1916:
1891:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1783:Elena Ferrante
1779:Scuola di nudo
1766:
1763:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1685:
1675:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1636:
1627:
1603:
1597:
1596:, Papyrologist
1591:
1585:
1568:
1562:
1540:Carlo Ginzburg
1537:
1499:
1486:
1476:
1449:quantum theory
1445:Chicago Pile-1
1426:
1408:
1402:
1400:Italian Senate
1382:
1345:
1338:Sabino Cassese
1335:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1303:Paola Barocchi
1300:
1294:
1287:Giuliano Amato
1284:
1278:Aldo Andreotti
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:database puts
1222:
1211:
1185:
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1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1145:
1144:
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1128:
1125:
1105:
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1095:
1068:
1045:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1008:
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1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
982:
979:
949:
946:
908:Vittore Branca
882:
879:
851:
848:
830:
827:
826:
825:
822:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
792:Astrochemistry
786:
785:
782:
781:History of Art
779:
776:
773:
765:
762:
756:
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748:
745:
731:
728:
667:
664:
597:
594:
552:Lateran Treaty
525:Gentile Reform
520:
517:
440:
437:
384:
381:
325:
322:
287:Joseph Lakanal
281:scuola normale
264:jurisdiction.
238:
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154:
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142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
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108:
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92:Undergraduates
88:
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81:
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68:
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54:
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40:
39:
31:
30:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3346:
3335:
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3327:
3325:
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3317:
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3310:
3307:
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3299:
3292:
3289:
3268:43°43′10.60″N
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
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3209:
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3199:
3197:
3196:Naples Pegaso
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
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3166:Milan Bocconi
3164:
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3159:
3157:
3154:
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3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3126:
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3115:Trieste SISSA
3113:
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3033:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Bozen-Bolzano
3008:
3006:
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3001:
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2907:Medium Public
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2884:
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2879:
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2858:Milan Bicocca
2856:
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2555:
2553:0-563-20212-2
2549:
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2526:
2524:1-84232-436-5
2520:
2516:
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2488:NonSoloCinema
2485:
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2129:
2121:
2115:
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2100:
2093:
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2075:
2069:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2011:
2003:
1996:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1859:
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1801:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1784:
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1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:Paolo Peluffo
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1696:virtue ethics
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:Vito Volterra
1676:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
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1466:
1462:
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1442:
1438:
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1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:Pietro Citati
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:, poet, 1906
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:Luigi Bianchi
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:Michele Bacci
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1275:
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1267:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:According to
1212:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1178:
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1168:
1165:
1164:
1159:
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1152:
1151:
1146:
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1124:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
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1066:
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1050:
1046:
1043:
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1030:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
986:
978:
976:
972:
968:
967:Luigi Bianchi
964:
960:
956:
943:
939:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:Michele Barbi
893:
892:Eugenio Garin
889:
878:
876:
872:
868:
860:
856:
847:
843:
839:
835:
823:
820:
819:
818:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
790:
789:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
769:
761:
752:
744:
736:
727:
725:
721:
716:
714:
713:Aldo Capitini
710:
706:
701:
695:
693:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
663:
659:
656:
652:
647:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
593:
591:
590:Aldo Capitini
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
516:
514:
510:
506:
501:
497:
492:
488:
485:
480:
478:
474:
473:unified State
470:
465:
461:
459:
454:
450:
449:Savoy Kingdom
446:
445:unified state
443:With the new
436:
434:
430:
425:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
401:
399:
395:
391:
380:
378:
377:Ferdinand III
374:
370:
369:Ranieri Gerbi
365:
363:
357:
355:
351:
347:
341:
337:
335:
331:
321:
319:
315:
313:
306:
305:
300:
298:
292:
288:
284:
282:
276:
274:
273:
272:Ă©cole normale
265:
263:
259:
255:
248:
243:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:Aldo Capitini
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
103:
102:Postgraduates
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
79:
76:
73:
69:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
37:
32:
25:
19:
3271:10°24′0.81″E
3261:
3080:Pisa Normale
3079:
3035:Florence SUM
2993:Small Public
2816:Large Public
2740:Major Public
2661:
2647:
2633:
2621:
2603:SamHar Press
2597:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2571:
2562:
2541:
2533:
2515:Little Brown
2510:
2504:
2492:. Retrieved
2490:(in Italian)
2487:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2376:the original
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2280:
2256:. Retrieved
2221:
2215:
2192:
2186:
2163:
2157:
2134:
2128:
2105:
2099:
2091:
2082:
2059:
2053:
2030:
2024:
2001:
1995:
1983:. Retrieved
1973:
1950:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1884:16 September
1882:. Retrieved
1875:the original
1870:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1735:Claudio Cesa
1728:
1723:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1606:Carlo Rubbia
1575:group theory
1551:
1547:
1544:microhistory
1523:
1489:Guido Fubini
1483:Fields Medal
1429:Enrico Fermi
1272:
1261:Carlo Rubbia
1245:Enrico Fermi
1195:
1161:
1148:
1121:
1106:
1094:and senator.
1083:
1060:
1057:Enrico Fermi
1026:
984:
955:Enrico Betti
951:
884:
864:
844:
840:
836:
832:
816:
813:Neuroscience
810:Nanosciences
795:Data Science
787:
767:
758:
750:
741:
717:
696:
680:
669:
660:
650:
648:
640:
625:
617:25 July 1943
610:
599:
575:
566:
564:
562:took place.
555:
548:
543:
535:
529:
522:
504:
499:
498:in 1871 and
495:
493:
489:
481:
476:
468:
466:
462:
457:
442:
429:Risorgimento
428:
426:
422:
418:
409:
405:
402:
397:
386:
366:
361:
358:
353:
345:
342:
338:
327:
317:
308:
294:
278:
268:
266:
251:
211:Enrico Fermi
207:Carlo Rubbia
200:
180:
159:
157:
18:
3283: /
3161:Castellanza
3125:Venice IUAV
1775:Walter Siti
1652:Walter Siti
1594:Medea Norsa
1528:(1932) for
1473:atomic bomb
1065:Nobel Prize
1063:as well as
1042:Nobel Prize
975:Machiavelli
963:Ulisse Dini
628:Luigi Russo
606:racial laws
578:racial laws
544:normalista,
406:Motuproprio
229:as well as
53:Established
3298:Categories
3246:Turin ESCP
3226:Rome LUISS
3181:Milan IULM
3070:Pavia IUSS
3065:Campobasso
2828:Arcavacata
2425:5 February
2382:5 November
2309:5 November
1847:References
1521:ghostwrote
1423:Wolf Prize
1364:continuous
1084:normalista
1061:normalista
772:Philosophy
586:Resistance
556:normalisti
536:normalisti
362:ripetitori
254:Napoleonic
3050:Lucca IMT
3025:Catanzaro
2356:7 October
2230:cite book
2201:cite book
2172:cite book
2143:cite book
2114:cite book
2068:cite book
2039:cite book
2010:cite book
1959:cite book
1934:7 October
1909:7 October
1753:, former
1688:Jiyuan Yu
1556:Menocchio
1469:father of
1180:The 2023
829:Admission
613:Mussolini
509:Matteucci
484:Matteucci
267:The term
150:sns.it/en
3130:Vercelli
3060:Macerata
3015:Camerino
2878:Rome III
2848:L'Aquila
2823:Cagliari
2762:Florence
2580:8 August
2094:, 31–32)
1810:See also
1710:bulletin
1706:and the
1654:, writer
1509:Idealist
1506:Hegelian
1495:and the
1127:Rankings
1113:Capitini
1109:Florence
1033:Carducci
948:Archives
784:Classics
709:Florence
683:protests
373:Napoleon
183:Napoleon
168:Florence
120:Florence
111:Location
3139:Private
3120:Viterbo
3020:Cassino
3005:Potenza
2969:Trieste
2954:Sassari
2929:Ferrara
2924:Brescia
2919:Bergamo
2893:Salerno
2888:Salento
2873:Perugia
2853:Messina
2787:Palermo
2757:Catania
2752:Bologna
2668:at the
2546:. BBC.
2494:19 June
2467:27 July
2446:27 July
2403:27 July
2287:2 April
2258:2 April
1985:27 July
1708:Normale
1558:, from
1519:', and
1517:Fascism
1453:nuclear
1425:in 1990
1398:in the
1156:501–600
881:Library
798:Physics
775:History
720:Cortona
651:Palazzo
513:Coppino
398:Palazzo
354:Economo
330:Tuscany
237:History
172:Tuscany
145:Website
126:Tuscany
106:ca. 260
96:ca. 290
86:ca. 240
71:Founder
61: (
3110:Teramo
3100:Sannio
3045:Varese
3040:Foggia
2979:Urbino
2964:Trento
2898:Verona
2609:
2550:
2521:
2331:15 May
1929:sns.it
1904:sns.it
1577:, the
1459:, and
1421:, won
850:Campus
724:Arezzo
532:Regime
469:Camera
453:Casati
346:Scuola
318:norma
137:Campus
47:Public
3000:Aosta
2974:Udine
2959:Siena
2868:Pavia
2863:Parma
2843:Genoa
2802:Turin
2782:Padua
2767:Milan
1878:(PDF)
1867:(PDF)
1389:tenth
1358:, on
1206:puts
1166:World
1153:World
1072:Faedo
1049:Fermi
869:, in
801:Maths
304:norma
176:Italy
140:Urban
131:Italy
3055:ISIA
3030:Enna
2792:Pisa
2747:Bari
2607:ISBN
2582:2010
2548:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2496:2011
2469:2015
2448:2015
2427:2019
2405:2015
2384:2011
2358:2019
2333:2015
2311:2011
2289:2024
2260:2024
2236:link
2207:link
2178:link
2149:link
2120:link
2074:link
2045:link
2016:link
1987:2015
1965:link
1936:2019
1911:2019
1886:2022
1841:Pisa
1803:and
1702:The
1625:CERN
1581:and
1471:the
1455:and
1169:=168
1150:ARWU
1082:, a
1070:The
1059:, a
1047:The
1031:The
969:and
875:Pisa
687:Pisa
565:The
542:, a
190:the
166:and
164:Pisa
158:The
116:Pisa
63:1810
56:1810
43:Type
1785:'s
1777:of
1623:at
1362:of
1198:by
1163:THE
707:in
3300::
2652:,
2646:,
2642:,
2605:.
2601:.
2570:.
2517:.
2513:.
2486:.
2349:.
2279:.
2268:^
2244:^
2232:}}
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