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Although sclerites are of considerable importance in the study of extant animals, in palaeontology they are of far greater relative importance because they often are the only parts of an animal that fossilize at all, let alone well or clearly. Many extinct groups are known only from sclerites,
62:") is a hardened body part. In various branches of biology the term is applied to various structures, but not as a rule to vertebrate anatomical features such as bones and teeth. Instead it refers most commonly to the hardened parts of
167:, or by incorporation of minerals such as calcium carbonate into regions of the exoskeleton, or both. Thus, the arthropod exoskeleton is divided into numerous sclerites, joined by less-sclerotized, membranous regions or sutures.
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spicules, Early
Cambrian sclerites appear to be external armor rather than internal structural elements. Sclerites are found on a curious collection of early animals including a common spongelike animal called
452:(1961). Monogenetic Trematodes their systematics and phylogeny. English translation edited by W. J. Hargis Jr. Washington: American Institute of Biological Sciences.
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When sclerites are organised into an unarticulated structure, that structure may be referred to as a scleritome, a term largely used in
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Kearn, G. C. (2004). Leeches, Lice and
Lampreys. A natural history of skin and gill parasites of fishes. Dordrecht: Springer.
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Imms' General
Textbook of Entomology: Volume 1: Structure, Physiology and Development Volume 2: Classification and Biology
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mollusc living near deep sea hydrothermal vents has structures made of iron sulfides similar to some
Cambrian sclerites.
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105:. Also, they can be more or less scattered, such as tufts of defensive sharp, mineralised bristles as in many marine
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flatworms, are composed of various sclerites and associated musculature, located on a posterior organ called the
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is the complete set of sclerites of an organism, often all that is known from fossil invertebrates.
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An example of the use of the term in paleontology is to describe hollow calcium carbonate,
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248:. In both those groups certain of their structures contain mineralised spicules of
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Anders Warén, Stefan
Bengtson, Shana K. Goffredi & Cindy L. Van Dover (2003).
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is a skeleton made of isolated elements, like the scales of organisms such as the
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Butterfield, N. J. (1990). "A Reassessment of the
Enigmatic Burgess Shale Fossil
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and similar structures, but those are not generally referred to as sclerites.
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leaving moot the question of what their gross anatomy might have looked like.
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Many other invertebrates grow a few hard parts, largely mineralised, as
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Wide ranges of sclerites of various kinds occur in various invertebrate
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Sclerites may occur practically isolated in an organism, such as the
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is made of a series of sclerites, connected by flexible joints.
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sclerites of a body segment, often plate-like, are known as
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591:"A hot-vent gastropod with iron sulfide dermal sclerites"
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It has been suggested that the sclerites of the
Cambrian
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Butterfield, N. J. (2008). "An Early
Cambrian Radula".
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apparatus. The term was coined by the palaeontologist
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that routinely have the term applied however, are the
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that are of importance structurally and in defense.
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540:(Matthew) and Its Relationship to the Polychaete
269:, the main attachment structure of the parasitic
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336:plates grown as body armor by a number of Early
183:sclerites of a body segment are referred to as
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640:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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313:in a sponge skeleton, or the elements in a
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425:Richards, O. W.; Davies, R.G. (1977).
407:is the only gastropod with sclerites.
373:that is generally considered to be a
388:are homologous with the bristles of
201:Invertebrates other than arthropods
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148:Sclerites of cervix and thorax of
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357:; an armored worm with a pair of
73:of invertebrates such as certain
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292:The fossilized scleritome of
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93:Sclerites in combination
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511:Journal of Paleontology
473:Journal of Paleontology
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392:. At least one modern
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429:. Berlin: Springer.
405:scaly-foot gastropod
271:polyopisthocotylean
215:polyopisthocotylean
163:, a process called
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16:Hardened body part
662:Arthropod anatomy
538:Wiwaxia corrugata
334:calcium phosphate
295:Wiwaxia corrugata
254:calcium carbonate
69:and the internal
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134:paleontology
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83:paleontology
67:exoskeletons
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379:onychophore
242:soft corals
218:monogeneans
107:polychaetes
79:soft corals
58:, meaning "
25:exoskeleton
656:Categories
544:Walcott".
412:References
359:brachiopod
307:halwaxiids
303:scleritome
284:Prehistory
274:monogenean
261:statoliths
230:Polychaeta
161:exocuticle
157:Arthropoda
140:Arthropods
127:cephalopod
103:cone shell
87:scleritome
394:gastropod
364:Halkieria
195:pleurites
186:sternites
64:arthropod
628:38386600
620:14605361
576:88100863
493:86083492
338:Cambrian
315:conodont
311:spicules
246:Porifera
244:and the
234:Mollusca
176:tergites
115:Mollusca
113:of many
71:spicules
37:sclerite
599:Science
568:2400789
523:1304949
386:Wiwaxia
375:lobopod
354:Wiwaxia
181:ventral
123:chitons
75:sponges
54:sklēros
46:σκληρός
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342:sponge
278:haptor
267:Clamps
250:silica
236:. Two
211:clamps
191:pleura
171:Dorsal
119:valves
117:, the
111:radula
624:S2CID
594:(PDF)
572:S2CID
564:JSTOR
519:JSTOR
489:S2CID
226:phyla
101:of a
99:sting
81:. In
41:Greek
27:of a
642:link
616:PMID
431:ISBN
403:The
238:taxa
232:and
85:, a
77:and
60:hard
23:The
608:doi
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332:or
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213:in
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