Pope Boniface VIII

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would take him bound to Lyons on the Rhone, and there in a general council would cause him to be deposed and condemned.... no man dared to touch , nor were they pleased to lay hands on him, but they left him robed under light arrest and were minded to rob the treasure of the Pope and the Church. In this pain, shame and torment, the great Pope Boniface abode prisoner among his enemies for three days.... the People of Anagni beholding their error and issuing from their blind ingratitude, suddenly rose in arms... and drove out Sciarra della Colonna and his followers, with loss to them of prisoners and slain, and freed the Pope and his household. Pope Boniface... departed immediately from Anagni with his court and came to Rome and St. Peter's to hold a council... but... the grief which had hardened in the heart of Pope Boniface, by reason of the injury which he had received, produced in him, once he had come to Rome, a strange malady so that he gnawed at himself as if he were mad, and in this state he passed from this life on the twelfth day of October in the year of Christ 1303, and in the Church of St. Peter near the entrance of the doors, in a rich chapel which was built in his lifetime, he was honorably buried.

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December 1295. Two more relatives were appointed, Francesco Caetano, the son of Boniface VIII's brother Peter; and Jacopo (Giacomo) Tomassi Caetani, OFM, a son of the Pope's sister, was made Cardinal Priest of S. Clemente. Giacomo Caetani Stefaneschi, a grand-nephew of Pope Nicholas III, was also appointed, along with Francesco Napoleone Orsini, a nephew of Pope Nicholas III. Three years later, on 4 December 1298, four new cardinals were named: Gonzalo Gudiel (Gundisalvus Rodericus Innojosa), Archbishop of Toledo, was appointed Bishop of Albano; Teodorico Ranieri, Archbishop-elect of Pisa and papal Chamberlain, became Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme; Niccolò Boccasini, OP, of Treviso, Master General of the Dominicans, became Cardinal Priest of Santa Sabina; and Riccardo Petroni of Siena, Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, was named a Cardinal Deacon. A pattern begins to emerge, though one sees the pattern only in terms of negatives: of the ten new cardinals, only two are monks, and neither of them

1597: 1330: 721: 57: 1227:. He probably wanted to gather money from pilgrims to Rome as a substitute for the missing money from France, or it may be that he was seeking moral and political support against the hostile behaviour of the French king. The event was a success; Rome had never received such crowds before. It is said that on one particular day some 30,000 people were counted. Giovanni Villani estimated that some 200,000 pilgrims came to Rome. Boniface and his aides managed the affair well, food was plentiful, and it was sold at moderate prices. It was an advantage to the pope that the great sums of money he collected could be used according to Boniface's own judgment. 1070: 1450:

wave of soldiers and serve there in the military. By the end of Spring 1310, Clement was feeling the embarrassment and the pressure over the material being produced by Boniface's accusers. His patience was wearing thin. He issued a mandate on 28 June 1310, in which he complained about the quality of the testimony and the corruption of the various accusers and witnesses. Then he ordered the Quaesitores that future examinations should proceed under threat of excommunication for perjury. A process (judicial investigation) against the memory of Boniface was held by an ecclesiastical consistory at Priory Groseau, near

8704: 223: 1767:. Boniface is portrayed as a warm and avuncular man and a seasoned politician, who acts as a stabilizing, incorruptible force within a corrupt medieval world. The Knights Templar value him as their Holy leader, and they are willing to execute his orders without question. Boniface personally appoints Landry the new Master and Commander of the Paris Temple after Godfrey's assassination, and entrusts him with the mission of finding the Holy Grail, hoping to use it to launch a new Crusade and reclaim the Holy Land. 750:, who was present in Naples in December 1294 and witnessed many of the events of the abdication and election, said that Benedetto Caetani was only one of several cardinals who pressured Celestine to abdicate. However, it is also on record that Celestine V abdicated by his own design after consultation with experts, and that Benedetto merely showed that it was allowed by Church law. Either way, Celestine V vacated the throne and Benedetto Caetani was elected in his place as pope, taking the name Boniface VIII. 1465:, which met in 1311. On 27 April 1311, in a public Consistory, with King Philip's agents present, the Pope formally excused the King for everything that he had said against the memory of Pope Boniface, on the grounds that he was speaking with good intentions. This statement was written down and published as a bull, and the bull contained the statement that the matter would be referred by the Pope to the forthcoming Council. The Pope then announced that he was reserving the whole matter to his own judgment. 930:

the revolt of Landolfo's relatives. By the end of 1298 Landolfo had captured Colonna, Palestrina and other towns and razed them to the ground after they had surrendered peacefully under Boniface's assurances that they would have been spared. Dante says it was got by treachery by "long promises and short performances" as Guido of Montefeltro counselled, but this account by the implacable Ghibelline has long since been discredited. Palestrina was razed to the ground, the plough driven through and

859: 1348:, Philip's chief minister, denounced Boniface as a heretical criminal to the French clergy. On 15 August 1303, the Pope suspended the right of all persons in the Kingdom of France to name anyone as Regent or Doctor, including the King. And in another document of the same day, he reserved to the Holy See the provision of all present and future vacancies in cathedral churches and monasteries, until King Philip should come to the Papal Court and make explanations of his behavior. 1446:). The Pope signed his mandate at his current place of residence, the Priory of Grauselle near Malusan (Malausène) in the diocese of Vasio (Vaison), on 18 October 1309. Both the King of Aragon and the King of Castile immediately sent ambassadors to Pope Clement, complaining that scandal was being poured into the ears of the Faithful, when they heard that a Roman pontiff was being charged with a crime of heresy. Complaints also came from Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands. 1278:("Listen, Son", December 1301) Boniface VIII appealed to Philip IV to listen modestly to the Vicar of Christ as the spiritual monarch over all earthly kings. He protested against the trial of churchmen before Philip's royal courts and the continued use of church funds for state purposes and he announced that he would summon the bishops and abbots of France to take measures "for the preservation of the liberties of the Church". When the bull was presented to Philip IV, 7442: 5346: 5358: 3002:, Will Durant, 1950, 13th printing, page 816—but without citing a source. Durant's authority is not high. It seems quite unlikely that the Church, especially during an Ecumenical Council, would have acquiesced in a trial for heresy by combat—which was contrary to Church policy. And there is evidence that a legal brief had been prepared by an eminent lawyer of Bologna for a trial of Boniface VIII at the Council: Joannes Dominicus Mansi, 8716: 7431: 1500: 1116:

national state began with the Capetian kings. During his reign, Philip surrounded himself with the best civil lawyers and decidedly expelled the clergy from all participation in the administration of the law. With the clergy beginning to be taxed in France and England to finance their ongoing wars against each other, Boniface took a hard stand against it. He saw the taxation as an assault on traditional clerical rights and ordered the

1650:. Boniface's ultimate fate is confirmed by Beatrice when Dante visits Heaven. It is notable that he does not adopt Guillaume de Nogaret's aspersion that Boniface VIII was a 'sodomite', however, and does not assign him to that circle of hell (although simony was placed in the eighth circle of fraud, below sodomy, in the seventh circle of violence, designating it as a worse offense and taking precedence above activities of sodomy). 1317: 1308:("One holy "). It declared that both spiritual and temporal power were under the pope's jurisdiction, and that kings were subordinate to the power of the Roman pontiff. The Pope also appointed Cardinal Jean le Moine as Apostolic Legate to King Philip, to attempt to find some resolution of the impasse that had developed; he was granted the specific power of absolving King Philip from excommunication. 1131:, or twentieth, or any other portion or proportion of their revenues or goods; and in many ways they try to bring them into slavery, and subject them to their authority. And also whatsoever emperors, kings, or princes, dukes, earls or barons...presume to take possession of things anywhere deposited in holy buildings... should incur sentence of excommunication." It was during the issuing of 961:, bishop of Burgos, Spain, became Suburbicarian Bishop of Sabina; and Giovanni Minio da Morrovalle (or da Muro), OFM, Minister General of the Franciscans, was appointed Suburbicarian Bishop of Porto. A Franciscan, a Spaniard, no Benedictines, no French. In fact, there were only two French in the Sacred College at Boniface's death, only five regular clergy (only one Benedictine). 1442:. He said, "t was permissible for any persons who wanted to proceed against the memory of Boniface VIII to proceed." He gave a mandate to the Bishop of Paris, Guillaume de Baufet d'Aurillac, and to Guillaume Pierre Godin, OP, that the complainants should choose prosecutors and determine a day on which the Inquiry would begin in the presence of the Pope ( 942:(Celestine V had been excessively partial to Benedictines); and there are no Frenchmen (Celestine had named seven Frenchmen, under the influence of Charles II of Naples). Pope Boniface was distinctly changing the complexion of the membership of the Sacred College. Without the Colonnas, the influence of the King of France was greatly diminished. 888:, Boniface VIII stated that since the Church is one, since the Church is necessary for salvation, and since Christ appointed Peter to lead it, it is "absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman pontiff". These views, and his chronic intervention in "temporal" affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with 918:, and other towns to the Papacy. Jacopo refused. Jacopo Colonna and his nephew, Pietro Colonna, had also seriously compromised themselves by maintaining highly questionable relations with the political enemies of the pope, James II of Aragon and Frederick III of Sicily. In May, Boniface removed them from the 2263:"Frater Hugo de Bidiliomo provincie Francie, magister fuit egregius in theologia et multum famosus in romana curia; qui actu lector existens apud Sanctam Sabinam, per papam Nicolaum quartum eiusdem ecclesie factus cardinalis" ; postmodum per Celestinum papam est ordinatus in episcopum ostiensem (Cr Pg 3r). 1155:

by decreeing laws prohibiting the export of gold, silver, precious stones, horses, arms, or food from France to the Papal States. These measures had the effect of blocking a main source of papal revenue. Philip also banished from France the papal agents who were raising funds for a new crusade in the

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and the desire for the consolidation of power by the increasingly powerful monarchs. The increase in monarchical power and its conflicts with the Church of Rome were only exacerbated by the rise to power of Philip IV in 1285. In France, the process of centralizing royal power and developing a genuine

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in 1234, but in the succeeding sixty years, numerous legal decisions were made by one pope after another. By Boniface's time a new and expanded edition was needed. In 1298 Boniface ordered published as a sixth part (or Book) these various papal decisions, including some 88 of his own legal decisions,

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of the sin of fraudulently supplanting others. Gower claims that Boniface tricked Pope Celestine V into abdicating by having a young cleric, pretending to be the voice of God, speak to him while he was sleeping and convince him to abdicate (ll. 2861–2900). Gower also repeats the rumour that Boniface

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permitted voluntary clerical donations without papal approval in times of emergency as determined by the king. On 3 April 1297, seven French archbishops and forty bishops, provided this authorisation, agreed to concede to the King the fifth part of their ecclesiastical revenues under the form of two

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To deal with the problem of the cardinals left to him by his predecessors, Boniface created new cardinals on five occasions during his reign. In the first creation, in 1295, only one cardinal was appointed, the Pope's nephew Benedetto Caetano. This was no surprise. Nor was the second creation, on 17

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The XV Ecumenical Council, the Council of Vienne, opened on 16 October 1311, with more than 300 bishops in attendance. When the Council met (so it is said), three cardinals appeared before it and testified to the orthodoxy and morality of the dead pope. Two knights, as challengers, threw down their

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On 27 April 1310, in what was certainly a peace gesture toward the French, Clement V pardoned Guillaume Nogaret for his offences committed at Anagni against Boniface VIII and the Church, for which he had been excommunicated, with the condition that Nogaret personally go to the Holy Land in the next

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of September 1296, Boniface pledged approval of reasonable taxation for genuine emergencies but contested Philip's demands, asking him rhetorically: "What would happen to you—God forbid!—if you gravely offended the Apostolic See, and caused an alliance between Her and your enemies?." In the face of

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from cathedrals or otherwise within his province to five of his clerics. This may have been the occasion on which Benedetto Caetani acquired at least some of his French benefices. On 9 April 1265, on the petition of Cardinal Simon de Brion, the legation which had been assigned him by Pope Urban was

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ut ecclesias S. Nicolai in carcere Tulliano de Urbe, et de Barro in Ligonensi , et de Piliaco , archidiaconatum in Carnotensi , ac ecclesiam die Thoucester, canonicatus quoque ac praebendas in Ligonensi, Carnotensi, Parisiensi, Anagnina, Tuderina, S. Audomari Morinensi , ac in Basilica S. Petri de

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The Colonna family (aside from the three brothers allied with the Pope) declared that Boniface had been elected illegally following the unprecedented abdication of Pope Celestine V. The dispute led to open warfare, and in September Boniface appointed Landolfo to the command of his army to put down

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when examined by doctors. The body was found quite intact, especially the shapely hands, thus disproving the myth that he had died in a frenzy, gnawing his hands, beating his brains out against the wall. The body wore ecclesiastical vestments common for Boniface's lifetime: long stockings covered

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And when Sciarra and the others, his enemies, came to him, they mocked at him with vile words and arrested him and his household which had remained with him. Among others, William of Nogaret, who had conducted the negotiations for the king of France, scorned him and threatened him, saying that he

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until October 1265. He was accompanied by Benedetto Caetani. He was in England until July 1268, working to suppress the remnants of Simon de Montfort's barons who were still in arms against King Henry III of England. To finance their rebellion, the barons had imposed a 10% tax on church property,

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attacked Boniface at his palace in Anagni next to the cathedral. The Pope responded with a bull dated 8 September 1303, in which Philip and Nogaret were excommunicated. The French Chancellor and the Colonnas demanded the Pope's abdication; Boniface VIII responded that he would "sooner die". In

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being in the party of the Whites. Boniface's political ambitions directly affected Dante when the pope invited Count Charles to intervene in the affairs of Florence. Charles's intervention allowed the Black Guelphs to overthrow the ruling White Guelphs, whose leaders, including the poet Dante,

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in history, all three classes – nobles, clergy, and commons – wrote separately to Rome in defence of the king and his temporal power. Some forty-five French prelates, despite Philip's prohibition, and the confiscation of their property, attended the council at Rome in October 1302.

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On 2 March 1300, during the Great Jubilee, Boniface VIII created three more cardinals. The first was Leonardo Patrasso, Archbishop of Capua, who was Boniface VIII's uncle; he replaced the archbishop of Toledo, who had died in 1299, as Cardinal Bishop of Albano. The second was

508:, later describing the city as "the dwelling place of his early youth", the city which "nourished him while still of tender years", and as a place where he "held lasting memories". Later in life he repeatedly expressed his gratitude to Anagni, Todi, and his family. 776:

of Rome in Rome by Cardinal Hugh Aycelin on 23 January 1295. He immediately returned the Papal Curia to Rome, where he was crowned at the Vatican Basilica on Sunday, 23 January 1295. One of his first acts as pontiff was to imprison his predecessor in the Castle of

1195:, conceding that kings could raise taxes on church property and incomes during emergencies without prior papal approval. Philip rescinded his embargoes and even accepted Boniface's nuncios as arbitrators to delay and conclude his war with the English, with the 767:

presided over the papal conclave as the senior cardinal bishop. Benedetto Caetani was elected by ballot and accession on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1294, taking the name Boniface VIII. On the first (secret) ballot, he had a majority of the votes, and at the

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Dominus Benedictus cum aliquibus cardinalibus Caelestino persuasit ut officio cedat quia propter simplicitatem suam, licet sanctus vir, et vitae magni foret exempli, saepius adversis confundabantur ecclesiae in gratiis faciendis et circa regimen

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Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1289, §31, p. 54. This fact is blown out of proportion by some commentators into a Legateship to Portugal. The business, however, was done in Rome, through Procurators of the King of Portugal. The

1344:, 4 April 1303, the Pope again excommunicated all persons who were impeding French clerics from coming to the Holy See, "etiam si imperiali aut regali fulgeant dignitati." This included King Philip IV, though not by name. In response, 1373:

He died of a violent fever on 11 October, in full possession of his senses and in the presence of eight cardinals and the chief members of the papal household, after receiving the sacraments and making the usual profession of faith.

1247:, condemned Edward I's invasion and occupation of Scotland and appealed to the Pope to assert a feudal overlordship over the country. The Pope assented, condemning Edward's invasions and occupation of Scotland in the papal bull 1363:

According to a modern interpreter, the 73-year-old Boniface was probably beaten and nearly executed, but was released from captivity after three days. He died a month later. The famous Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani, wrote:

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novissima edition, Tomus vicesimus quintus (Venetiis 1782), pp. 415–426; it is pointed out in several places in the same work that the case of Boniface was presented to the Council by Pope Clement, and that the Council rejected

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After this exhumation and examination, Boniface's body was moved to the Chapel of Pope Gregory and Andrew. His body now lies in the crypt (grotte) of St. Peter's in a large marble sarcophagus, inscribed BONIFACIVS PAPA VIII.

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disinherited his brothers Ottone, Matteo, and Landolfo of their lands. The latter three appealed to Pope Boniface VIII, who ordered Jacopo to return the land and furthermore to hand over the family's strongholds of Colonna,

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Upon Benedetto's return from England, there is an eight-year period in which nothing is known about his life. This period, however, included the long vacancy of the papal throne from 29 November 1268 to February 1272, when

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Tosti (p. 37) believed that Caetani held the office of Advocatus before he set out with Cardinal Ottoboni on the English legation. And yet, Ottobono Fieschi was elected Pope Adrian V on 11 July 1276 and died on 18 August

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Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1303, §34, p. 333. A. L. Frothingham, Jr., "Procès-verbal by Giacomo Grimaldi of the Opening of the Tomb of Pope Boniface VIII in the Basilica of San Pietro in Vaticano in 1605,"

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The feud between Boniface and Philip IV reached its peak in the early 14th century, when Philip began to launch a strong anti-papal campaign against Boniface. A quarrel arose between Philip's aides and a papal legate,

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See the extensive narrative of Gregorovius, 588–596. Giuseppe Marchetti Longhi, "Il palazzo di Bonifacio VIII in Anagni," Archivio della Società romana di storia patria 43 (1920), 379–410. The building still exists:

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The pope is said to have been short-tempered, kicking an envoy in the face on one occasion, and on another, throwing ashes in the eyes of an archbishop who was kneeling to receive them as a blessing atop his head.

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as his legate to reassert papal control over the French clergy. To forestall the ecclesiastical council proposed by Boniface, Philip summoned the three estates of his realm to meet at Paris in April. At this first

554:, where he would receive further instructions. On the same day, Clement wrote to Charles of Anjou, informing him that the pope had 35 conditions that Charles must agree to in accepting the crown; he also wrote to 700:, and Cardinal Benedetto of S. Nicola in Carcere appended their signatures and seals. Three years later, on 22 September 1291, Pope Nicholas IV (Girolamo Maschi d'Ascoli, O.Min.) promoted him to the Order of 1243:, the deposed king was released into the custody of Pope Boniface on condition that he remain at a papal residence. The hard-pressed Scottish Parliament, then in the early stages of what came to be known as 2869:

Tomus I (Romae 1753), pp. 478–479. The body had been discovered accidentally during the removal of several altars from the old St. Peter's to make way for the walls and new chapels of Maderno's nave.

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Boniface VIII put forward some of the strongest claims of any pope to temporal as well as spiritual power. He involved himself often with foreign affairs, including in France, Sicily, Italy and the

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accordingly began on 23 December, ten days after Celestine's abdication. This gave all twenty-two cardinals the chance to assemble at the Castel Nuovo in Naples, the site of the abdication.

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which the Pope wanted back because the tithe was uncanonical. This drawback was a major concern of Cardinal Ottobono and his entourage. While in England, Benedetto Caetani became rector of

1458:, although there is no substantive evidence for this, and it is likely that this was the standard accusation Philip made against enemies. The same charge was brought against the Templars. 954:, of the Counts of Lavagna, of Genoa, named Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata (the deaconry which had once belonged to Jacopo Colonna). A relative, a Franciscan; all three Italians. 846:. They appear as simple aphorisms, such as "Regula VI: Nemo potest ad impossibile obligari." ('No one can be obligated for something impossible.') Other systems of law also have their own 1940:

had held a Consistory on 25 April, at which the matter of naming Charles of Anjou as Senator of Rome was discussed. It was after this meeting that Cardinal Simon was given his Legation.

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was appointed Apostolic Legate to England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland by the new Pope Clement IV. In fact, he was sent as the successor of Cardinal Guy Folques, who had been elected

6118: 5955: 1393:(1568–1623), Apostolic Notary and Archivist of the Vatican Basilica, and others. The body lay within three coffins, the outermost of wood, the middle of lead, and the innermost of 1251:(Latin for "We know, my son") of 27 June 1299. The bull ordered Edward to desist from his attacks and start negotiations with the Scots. However, Edward ignored the bull; in 1301, 1454:, which held preliminary examinations in August and September 1310. and collected testimonies that alleged many heretical opinions of Boniface VIII. This included the offence of 688:. In the winter of 1289, he was one of Pope Nicholas IV's advisors as he decided on a settlement of the disputes over the election or appointment of Portuguese bishops, in which 8492: 697: 359:

on 7 September 1303 and capture him. Boniface was held for three days. However, there is no evidence that the Pope was beaten or physically harmed. He died a month afterwards.

1996:, in 1276. Another member of the embassy was Theobaldus of Piacenza, Archdeacon of Liège, who became a friend of Prince Edward, and went on Crusade with him; he later became 2906:

Bernardus Guidonis says. "...in publico consistorio pronuntiavit, ut liceret prosequi volentibus procedere contra memoriam Bonifacii papae VIII defuncti." A. Theiner (ed.),

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in the late 1270s. During this time, Benedetto accumulated seventeen benefices, which he was permitted to keep when he was promoted. Some of these are enumerated in a

618: 1663:. In the chapter that Epistemos lists the inhabitants of hell and their occupations, he says that Boniface was (in one translation) "skimming the scum off soup pots". 8381: 5710: 826:. This material is still of importance to canon lawyers or canonists today, to interpret and analyze the canons and other forms of ecclesiastical law properly. The " 1183:, the second at the end of September. This subsidy could be collected just in case the war with England should go on, with Church authority and not by means of the 1029:

allegedly in Rome at the time to argue Florence's case before Boniface, were sentenced to exile. Dante settled his score with Boniface in the first canticle of the

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accepted the papal throne. It also includes the time span when Pope Gregory and his cardinals went to France in 1273 for the second Council of Lyon, as well as the

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in February 1296, forbidding lay taxation of the clergy without prior papal approval. In the bull, Boniface states "they exact and demand from the same the half,

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Boniface VIII put forward some of the strongest claims of any pope to temporal as well as spiritual power. He involved himself often with foreign affairs. In his

1268:. The legate was arrested on a charge of inciting an insurrection, was tried and convicted by the royal court, and committed to the custody of the archbishop of 8688: 8683: 5740: 2233:. Cardinal Hugh had been created a cardinal priest by Pope Nicholas IV on 16 May 1288, with the title of Santa Sabina, and was promoted Cardinal-Bishop of the 641:, led by Louis IX, in 1270. The Pope and some of the cardinals began their return to Italy at the end of November 1275. Pope Gregory celebrated Christmas in 8761: 7045: 1073: 6143: 8032: 7512: 5294: 8407: 6610: 2590:

Jacopo Stefaneschi, "Jacobi Sancti Georgii ad Velum aureum diaconi Cardinalis, de centesimo seu iubileo anno Liber," Margarino de la Bigne (editor),

8482: 5396: 3529: 2334: 493:, the Prior of S. Egidio de S. Gemino in Narni testified that he knew him and conversed with him in Todi and that Benedetto was in a school run by 490: 6931: 576:(ten percent tax) of France. On 20 March 1265, in order to expedite the business with Charles of Anjou, Cardinal Simon was authorized to provide 746:. He had continued to live like a monk there, even turning a room in the papal apartment into the semblance of a monastic cell. A contemporary, 3495: 3414: 3336: 3200: 1923:

XI, p. 203). Tosti (p. 37) believed that Caetani held the office of Advocatus before he set out with Cardinal Ottoboni on the English legation.

704:, with the title of SS. Silvester and Martin. Given the fact that there were only a dozen cardinals, Cardinal Benedetto was assigned the care ( 2044: 7792: 7519: 7323: 7110: 6113: 5450: 585:

to have expired on the death of Urban IV. There would have been no point in making such a ruling if Cardinal Simon had already ceased to be

7471: 5993: 8811: 950:, OFM, Doctor of Theology and Lector of Theology in the Roman Curia, who was made Cardinal Priest of S. Martin in montibus. The third was 8065: 7558: 6662: 6405: 5943: 5163: 2013:

This derives from a statement of Pope Clement V in 1309, during the agitation for a posthumous trial of Boniface VIII: A. Theiner (ed.),

494: 8447: 7746: 7318: 6347: 6250: 1702:) a priorate (Day 10, second tale). Earlier (I.i), Boniface VIII is also mentioned for his role in sending Charles, Count of Valois to 2190:

It is sometimes said that he also received the Deaconry of S. Agnes, but S. Agnes was not a deaconry or a titulus in the 13th century.

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See the poem by Jacopo Stefaneschi, Subdeacon of the Holy Roman Church, who participated in the events: Ludovicus Antonius Muratori,

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had not envisioned an abdication, but declared that election proceedings should begin ten days after the death of the incumbent. The

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Marrone, John and Charles Zuckerman (1975). "Cardinal Simon of Beaulieu and relations between Philip the Fair and Boniface VIII".

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Racconti di un evento: l’"aggressione" a Bonifacio VIII. Anagni, 7–9 settembre 1303. Raccolta e critica dei testi contemporanei

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was signed at S. Maria Maggiore on 12 February 1289 and the ecclesiastical censures against the Portuguese withdrawn in March.

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bankers who had been working for Urban IV to raise funds for Charles of Anjou, and that he should transfer to them some 7,000

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was officially burned at Paris before Philip IV and a large crowd. Nonetheless, on 4 March 1302, Pope Boniface sent cardinal

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The body was seen several times by the Papal Master of Ceremonies, Giovanni Paolo Mucanzio, who reported the details in his

1626:, even though Boniface was still alive at the date of the poem's story. Boniface's eventual destiny is revealed to Dante by 343:. Boniface had first entered into conflict with Philip IV of France in 1296 when the latter sought to reinforce the nascent 7704: 7600: 7200: 6936: 5454: 5389: 1596: 426:), he was not far distant from the seat of ecclesiastical power and patronage. His father's younger brother, Atenolfo, was 222: 1543: 8566: 8464: 8351: 7240: 7070: 5978: 5725: 5324: 1517: 1473:. No one accepted the challenge, and the Council declared the matter closed. Clement's order disbanding the Order of the 8806: 8604: 7906: 7657: 6899: 6396: 6005: 5730: 5300: 1777: 1244: 867: 291: 1724:

died by gnawing off his own hands, but attributes it to hunger rather than a deliberate suicide attempt (ll. 3027-28).

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Liber Sextus Decretalium D. Bonifacii Papae VIII, suae integritate, una cum Clementinis et Extravagantibus restitutus

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from 1288, Signore di Calvi, Vairano e Norma in 1282, Senator of Rome 1290–1292, Signore di Vairano by decree of the

1583: 923: 720: 348: 56: 3367:"The Pioneer of Royal Theocracy. Guillaume de Nogaret and the conflicts between Philip the Fair and the Papacy", in 1550: 957:

In his last Consistory for the promotion of Cardinals, on 15 December 1302, Boniface VIII named two more cardinals:

742:, where, much to the discomfort of a number of cardinals, he had established the papal court under the patronage of 8507: 7987: 7877: 7396: 6944: 6697: 6642: 6507: 6242: 6238: 5983: 5768: 5715: 1747: 1743: 645:

and died there on 10 January 1276. In 1276, however, Benedetto was sent to France to supervise the collection of a

1677:

served as personal physician or perhaps only as a chaplain to Pope Boniface VIII. Campano died at Viterbo in 1296.

8002: 7926: 7546: 7524: 7405: 6747: 6722: 6687: 6682: 6647: 6527: 6126: 6010: 5600: 5563: 5446: 5426: 5382: 3675: 3273:

Morghen, R. (1929). "Una legazione di Benedetto Caetani nell'Umbria e la guerra tra Perugia e Foligno del 1288".

2776:

Tomus IV (Augustae Taurinorum 1859), pp. 170–174. The date of 8 September has caused much scholarly controversy.

2151: 1461:

Before the actual trial could be held, Clement persuaded Philip to leave the question of Boniface's guilt to the

8241: 7860: 7507: 7499: 7487: 7343: 7055: 6742: 6712: 6692: 6632: 6422: 6138: 5676: 5668: 5580: 5441: 5421: 3729: 2867:

Acta Selecta Caeremonialia Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae ex variis mss. codicibus et diariis saeculi xv. xvi. xvii.

2234: 1532: 1521: 1386:(A.D. 608–615), which had been moved by Boniface VIII from a tomb outside the Vatican Basilica in the portico. 982: 230: 3458: 335:(1298), which continues to be important source material for canon lawyers. He established the first Catholic " 8536: 8115: 8090: 7699: 6717: 6707: 6033: 5904: 5802: 5499: 3170:

Denifle, H. (1889). "Die Denkschriften der Colonna gegen Bonifaz VIII. und der Cardinale gegen die Colonna".

1322: 947: 3160: 2724:(Paris 1907), nos. 5041–5069. Cf. no. 5341 (13 April 1303), Pope Boniface's reply to Cardinal Jean's report. 958: 672:

of Saint Nicholas in Carcere. In 1288 he was sent as Legate to Umbria to attempt to calm the strife between

8576: 8095: 8085: 7541: 7298: 7269: 7252: 7160: 6772: 6737: 6727: 6305: 6286: 6148: 5899: 5812: 5318: 3604: 462:, with the permission of Pope Alexander IV. The earliest record of him is as a witness to an act of Bishop 66: 1061:, mistaking the Poet for Boniface, is surprised to see the latter, supposing him to be ahead of his time. 1005:

to sign a truce; they fought each other for three more years, and turned down his offer to mediate peace.

8796: 8791: 8781: 8756: 8741: 8541: 7911: 7684: 7308: 6058: 5926: 5795: 5147: 2132:

R. Morghen, "Una legazione di Benedetto Caetani nell'Umbria e la guerra tra Perugia e Foligno del 1288,"

1739: 802: 790: 328: 17: 2342: 8550: 7575: 7225: 7023: 6677: 6329: 6295: 6254: 3724: 2852:

The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Retrieved: 6 February 2018.

1279: 994: 910: 708:) of the deaconry of S. Agata, and his old deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere. As cardinal, he served as 536: 3584: 2017:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1309, §4, p. 429. Rose Graham, "Letters of Cardinal Ottoboni,"

1962:

Potthast, no. 19065. These were benefices which in the course of things were in the hands of the Pope.

8771: 8609: 8311: 7622: 7415: 7361: 7032: 6982: 6672: 6627: 5735: 3704: 1793: 1758: 1252: 1148: 785:, where he died on 19 May 1296 at the age of 81. In 1300, Boniface VIII formalized the custom of the 649:, which is perhaps when he held the office of Advocatus in the Roman Curia, and then was appointed a 1069: 805:

Boniface VIII had considerable influence. Earlier collections of canon law had been codified in the

294:. These views, and his chronic intervention in "temporal" affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with 8776: 8442: 8017: 7534: 7445: 7381: 7303: 7274: 6894: 6889: 6767: 6667: 6652: 6637: 6479: 6300: 6190: 6108: 5932: 5909: 5860: 5533: 2052: 1659: 1295: 1013: 789:, which afterwards became a source of both profit and scandal to the church. Boniface VIII founded 1638:, Dante recalls the pontiff's feud with the Colonna family, which led him to demolish the city of 8060: 7916: 7643: 7366: 6998: 6959: 6926: 6372: 6352: 6220: 6098: 6048: 5827: 5628: 5568: 3709: 3594: 1510: 1382:

The body of Boniface VIII was buried in 1303 in a special chapel that also housed the remains of

1021: 970: 2506:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1296, §17, pp. 188–189; under year 1300, §26, p. 272–273.

1838:(1282/5–1283), Signore di Caserta (1290). He had a younger brother, Giovanni, and three sisters. 1557: 1168:

for Philip's general position and the need for French revenue to combat unrest in Rome from the

454:, where he was put under the care of his maternal uncle Fra Leonardo Patrasso. He was granted a 8766: 8531: 8417: 8130: 7435: 7376: 7371: 7005: 6811: 6732: 6657: 6537: 6215: 6103: 6043: 5720: 5608: 5362: 3600: 1871: 1763: 1220: 1202: 986: 807: 669: 516: 336: 3026: 2539:(1294–1303), ed. A. Thomas, M. Faucon, G. Digard and R. Fawtier, pp. 279–280, Paris 1884–1939. 2273: 8427: 8412: 8125: 7982: 7889: 7689: 7672: 7585: 7529: 7140: 6967: 6392: 6173: 6038: 5884: 5590: 5528: 5487: 5472: 5138: 2881:

The Deaths of the Popes. Comprehensive Accounts Including Funeral, Burial Places and Epitaphs

2363: 1667: 981:. When Frederick persisted, Boniface excommunicated him in 1296, and placed the island under 842: 658: 447: 126: 8477: 3259:

Eigenbild im Konflikt. Krisensituationen des Papsttums zwischen Gregor VII. und Benedikt XV.

772:

a sufficient number joined his majority to form the required two-thirds. He was consecrated

8751: 8746: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8586: 8513: 8356: 8316: 8135: 8037: 8012: 7951: 7756: 7731: 7667: 6544: 6513: 6410: 6291: 6205: 6085: 5988: 5705: 5700: 5623: 5573: 5504: 5482: 3578: 1345: 1282:, reportedly snatched it from the hands of Boniface's emissary and flung it into the fire. 1196: 990: 934:. A new city — the Città Papale — later replaced it. Only the city's cathedral was spared. 919: 747: 743: 555: 132: 3371:, ed. by William Chester Jordan, Jenna Rebecca Phillips, Brepols, 2017, p. 219-259, online 3080:

Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (1975). "Pope Boniface VIII". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.).

3051:

Italian Literature Before 1900 In English Translation: An Annotated Bibliography 1929–2008

1654: 692:

played a major role. To give greater authority to the final mandate of the Pope, Cardinal

347:

by imposing taxes on the clergy and barring them from administration of the law. Boniface

8: 8708: 8432: 8422: 8371: 8229: 8215: 8075: 7817: 7580: 7333: 7235: 7028: 7012: 6532: 6442: 5893: 5837: 5785: 5686: 5648: 5003: 4386: 3668: 3572: 1389:

The body was accidentally exhumed in 1605, and the results of the excavation recorded by

1236: 1100: 1085: 974: 893: 889: 760: 550:

wrote to Cardinal Simon, telling him to break off negotiations and travel immediately to

399:. He was a younger son of Roffredo Caetani (Podestà of Todi in 1274–1275), a member of a 299: 295: 3479: 3398: 3184: 2275:

Rome Across Time and Space: Cultural Transmission and the Exchange of Ideas, c. 500–1400

8720: 8497: 8266: 8190: 7977: 7946: 7783: 7771: 7632: 7570: 7353: 7170: 6028: 6020: 5763: 5464: 5431: 5282: 5276: 5171: 5023: 5018: 4983: 4852: 4832: 4651: 4626: 4616: 4516: 4501: 4025: 3753: 3746: 3523: 3489: 3408: 3330: 3243: 3194: 1902:

Histoire du differend d'entre le Pape Boniface VIII. et Philippes le Bel, Roy de France

1754: 1681: 1674: 1403: 1144: 1093: 863: 650: 601: 600:

on 5 February 1265. On 29 August 1265 the Cardinal was received at the French Court by

8286: 1356:

response, Colonna allegedly slapped Boniface, a "slap" historically remembered as the

8666: 8571: 8346: 8332: 8306: 8291: 8195: 8180: 8110: 8100: 7969: 7901: 7802: 7766: 7662: 7313: 6549: 5874: 5754: 5521: 5477: 5357: 5190: 5123: 5118: 5038: 5033: 5008: 4942: 4917: 4897: 4857: 4807: 4772: 4727: 4692: 4682: 4672: 4656: 4641: 4601: 4586: 4556: 4481: 4461: 4421: 4306: 4160: 4105: 3959: 3467: 3390:

Der Bonifaz-Prozeß. Verfahren der Papstanklage zur Zeit Bonifaz' VIII. und Clemens' V

3262: 3247: 3145: 3142:

Boniface VIII en procès. Articles d'accusation et dépositions des témoins (1303–1311)

3089: 3054: 3030: 3019: 2947:

Boniface VIII en procès: articles d'accusation et dépositions des témoins (1303–1311)

2464: 2315: 2305: 2279: 2177: 2119: 1715: 1627: 1462: 1108: 1058: 931: 871: 735: 609: 563: 559: 532: 463: 419: 284: 2264: 1872:"Entre gloire curiale et vie commune: le chapitre cathédral d'Anagni au XIII siècle" 8556: 8361: 8341: 8261: 8246: 8145: 8047: 7921: 7761: 7719: 7714: 7694: 7677: 7590: 7175: 6949: 6911: 6869: 6797: 6792: 6759: 6566: 6499: 6462: 6457: 6437: 6432: 6357: 6210: 6200: 6160: 5691: 5509: 5492: 5177: 5113: 5088: 5068: 5043: 5028: 4998: 4937: 4932: 4882: 4812: 4802: 4782: 4757: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4687: 4646: 4596: 4591: 4581: 4561: 4551: 4511: 4456: 4431: 4406: 4381: 4371: 4361: 4346: 4245: 4225: 4215: 4180: 4115: 4110: 4090: 4050: 3990: 3929: 3914: 3909: 3844: 3829: 3804: 3794: 3610: 3235: 2819:

Selections from the First Nine Books of the Croniche Fiorentine of Giovanni Villani

1883: 1782: 1439: 1411: 1390: 1383: 1165: 731: 626: 528: 371: 287:

from the papal throne. Boniface spent his early career abroad in diplomatic roles.

280: 6415: 3323:

La Rinuncia di Celestino V: Celestino V ed il VI centenario della sua Incornazione

2435: 527:(Jacques Pantaléon), between 25 and 27 April 1264, to engage in negotiations with 8614: 8581: 8525: 8519: 8376: 8281: 8185: 7997: 7491: 7456: 7410: 7293: 7150: 7115: 6921: 6916: 6841: 6836: 6777: 6702: 6452: 6382: 5914: 5855: 5405: 5216: 5183: 5103: 5013: 4988: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4892: 4827: 4792: 4777: 4712: 4702: 4677: 4631: 4611: 4576: 4566: 4546: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4496: 4491: 4441: 4426: 4351: 4331: 4311: 4296: 4291: 4271: 4235: 4220: 4140: 4125: 4120: 4085: 4075: 4060: 4020: 4010: 3995: 3985: 3975: 3839: 3784: 3688: 3619: 3254: 2222: 1619: 1614: 1474: 1470: 1352: 1341: 1265: 1255:

was composed in which the English rejected its authority, but it was never sent.

1208: 1122: 1081: 1037: 1025: 897: 812: 701: 547: 423: 311: 303: 264: 77: 3353:

Schmidinger, H. (1964). "Ein vergessener Bericht über das Attentat von Anagni".

2408: 1397:. The corporal remains were described as being "unusually tall" measuring seven 989:

in 1302, which saw Pedro's son Frederick III recognized as king of Sicily while

828: 818: 8786: 8677: 8502: 8296: 8271: 8235: 8175: 8168: 8163: 8153: 8007: 7992: 7931: 7807: 7797: 7553: 7328: 7257: 7105: 7040: 6826: 6816: 6802: 6787: 6467: 6362: 6246: 6225: 5759: 5638: 5613: 5585: 5516: 5350: 5306: 5288: 5257: 5251: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5063: 4993: 4927: 4877: 4867: 4847: 4822: 4767: 4762: 4732: 4707: 4636: 4621: 4606: 4541: 4486: 4476: 4451: 4336: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4210: 4195: 4130: 4095: 4065: 4035: 4030: 4015: 3949: 3924: 3899: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3869: 3789: 3779: 3661: 3653: 2737:(Paris 1907), no. 5345. "...even if they shone with imperial or royal dignity." 2594:

Tomus 25 (Lugduni 1677), pp. 936–944, at p. 940. Stefaneschi was an eyewitness.

1997: 1827: 1699: 1435: 1334: 1320:

Depiction of the death of Boniface in a 15th-century manuscript of Boccaccio's

1169: 985:. Neither the king nor the people were moved. The conflict continued until the 665: 638: 634: 567: 520: 482: 467: 455: 367: 363: 242: 48: 7870: 3239: 3212:(in Italian). Vol. LXII. Bulletino dell'Istituto storico per il Medioevo. 2559:, ed. A. Thomas, M. Faucon, G. Digard and R. Fawtier, p. 308, Paris 1884–1939. 8735: 8561: 8487: 8453: 8437: 8397: 8080: 8055: 7831: 7741: 7726: 7648: 7220: 7180: 7065: 6987: 6972: 6821: 6782: 6588: 6472: 6269: 5938: 5653: 5098: 5078: 5053: 4922: 4887: 4862: 4817: 4797: 4722: 4717: 4697: 4571: 4506: 4466: 4446: 4436: 4341: 4250: 4205: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4100: 4080: 4070: 4045: 4005: 3954: 3944: 3939: 3919: 3874: 3834: 3819: 3799: 3741: 3699: 3551: 3428: 2849: 2451: 2319: 1993: 1937: 1686: 1643: 1274: 1190: 1112: 1031: 786: 755: 593: 524: 498: 316: 36: 3566: 3560: 1272:, Giles Aycelin – one of his key ministers and allies, in 1301. In the bull 8671: 8546: 8402: 8366: 8105: 8027: 7871: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7595: 7195: 7130: 7060: 7050: 6977: 6877: 6846: 6622: 6571: 6339: 6281: 6178: 5949: 5866: 5822: 5817: 5807: 5618: 5545: 5312: 5128: 5108: 5093: 5073: 5058: 5048: 4907: 4902: 4842: 4837: 4787: 4471: 4416: 4411: 4366: 4356: 4255: 4230: 4200: 4135: 4055: 3980: 3894: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3809: 3114:

Vita di S. Pietro del Morrone, Celestino Papa V, scritta su documenti coevi

2592:

Maxima Bibliotheca veterum Patrum et antiquorum scriptorum ecclesiasticorum

2230: 2101:."Tosti is wrong in calling Benedetto Caetani a canon of Lyons; he misread 1887: 1788: 1304: 1290: 1240: 951: 902: 884: 858: 764: 709: 586: 466:

on 16 October 1250. In 1252, when his paternal uncle Pietro Caetani became

442:

Benedetto took his first steps into religious life when he was sent to the

404: 344: 268: 193: 154: 3287: 2804:. Reardon's narrative does not appear to accord with contemporary sources. 2368:

Storia dell' Universita degli studj di Roma, detto comunamente La Sapienza

2299: 1451: 546:

On 26 February 1265, only eleven days after his coronation, the new pope,

8472: 8301: 8276: 8251: 8224: 8211: 8120: 8022: 7709: 7391: 7247: 7120: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7075: 6377: 6312: 6168: 6093: 6071: 5919: 5681: 5643: 5083: 4963: 4958: 4912: 4536: 4401: 4396: 4301: 4240: 4185: 4175: 4170: 4040: 3864: 3814: 3769: 3645: 3628: 1398: 1184: 939: 724: 677: 512: 355:, after which the king sent his troops to attack the pope's residence in 113: 103: 2203:

Tomus Quartus (Lucca: Leonardo Venturini 1749), sub anno 1294, p. 156:

351:

Philip and all others who prevented French clergy from traveling to the

8256: 7841: 7085: 7080: 6904: 6831: 6447: 6367: 5998: 5197: 4872: 4391: 4376: 4190: 4165: 4000: 3904: 3824: 3774: 3716: 2698:

novissima edition, Tomus vicesimus quintus (Venetiis 1782), pp. 97–100.

1785:(Florentine chronicler who made an account of Boniface and his jubilee) 1710: 1695: 1639: 1524: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1351:

On 7 September 1303, an army led by King Philip's minister Nogaret and

1157: 1152: 1140: 1117: 915: 879: 734:(who had been Brother Peter, the hermit of Mount Murrone near Sulmone) 689: 654: 597: 3061:. He is not listed as a physician of Boniface VIII by Gaetano Marini, 2761: 1831: 1302:

Following that council, on 18 November 1302, Boniface issued the bull

485:

in 1260. He also came into possession of the small nearby castello of

427: 7190: 7185: 7155: 6851: 6614: 6598: 6583: 6427: 6317: 6195: 6185: 6053: 5832: 3934: 1631: 1316: 1180: 1042: 782: 622: 577: 443: 307: 167: 1499: 850:, whether by the same name or something serving a similar function. 489:, a place with twenty-one fires (hearths, families). In later years 8715: 8070: 7824: 7812: 7430: 7338: 7165: 6264: 5633: 3736: 2949:(Rome: 'L'Erma' di Bretschneider 1995). See especially pp. 547–732. 2774:

Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum Romanorum pontificum

2672:, ed. by Charles G. Herbermann (The Encyclopedia Press, 1907) p.666 2452:

Oestereich, Thomas. "Pope Boniface VIII." The Catholic Encyclopedia

1703: 1605: 1415: 1269: 1009: 613: 551: 451: 400: 352: 276: 5374: 2945:

Its records were republished in a critical edition by Jean Coste,

712:

in diplomatic negotiations to France, Naples, Sicily, and Aragon.

515:, perhaps with the office of Advocatus. He served as secretary to 8327: 7941: 7563: 7135: 5973: 5847: 5790: 2936:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1310, §37–38, pp. 463–464.

2519:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1296, §24–32, pp. 193–196.

2272:

Bolgia, Claudia; McKitterick, McKitterick; Osborne, John (2011).

1823: 1431: 1407: 685: 681: 673: 486: 431: 408: 272: 3346:

Bonifacius VIII e familia Caietanorum principum Romanus Pontifex

2975:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1311, §25–30, p. 481-483.

2711:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1302, §13–15, p. 303–304.

1822:

His elder brother, Roffredo or Goffredo, was the first Conte di

1239:

invaded Scotland and forced the abdication of the Scottish King

539:. On 1 May 1264 he was given permission to appoint two or three 8493:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

7936: 7846: 7751: 7288: 6593: 6578: 6522: 6489: 3400:

Die Publizistik zur Zeit Philipps des Schönen und Bonifaz' VIII

2301:

History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages. Volume 5 Part 2

2218: 1728: 1691: 1623: 1455: 1172:, Boniface retreated still further. In February 1297, the bull 1050: 998: 978: 778: 773: 739: 642: 523:, on a mission to France. Cardinal Simon had been appointed by 471: 459: 392: 375: 356: 321: 189: 62: 1151:

should be used in part to support the state. He countered the

977:, Boniface tried to dissuade him from accepting the throne of 558:

and his son Edmund that they had never been possessors of the

7386: 6554: 6518: 3082: 3053:, page 390 (University of Toronto Press Incorporated, 2011). 2685:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1303, §33, p. 325–326.

2454:

Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 4 March 2016

2047:

The History and Antiquities of the County of Northamptonshire

1438:, under extreme pressure from King Philip IV, consented to a 1128: 1017: 1002: 646: 571: 2304:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010. p. 533. 2049:

Vol. III (London: J.B.Nicholas & Son 1836), pp. 312–338"

1706:

in 1300 to end the feud between the Black and White Guelphs.

418:

Through his mother, Emilia Patrasso di Guarcino, a niece of

6559: 6278: 3684: 3635: 2618:

Robert the Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland

1835: 1735: 1394: 1224: 680:, which was taking the form of a war between the cities of 505: 475: 396: 340: 210: 3557:"Pope Clement V: a paragraph on the trial of Boniface VIII 3162:

Gallia Christiana, in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa

2817:, Book VIII, chapter 65. R. E. Selfe and P. H. Wicksteed, 2424:

Christopher Kleinhenz et al. eds. Routledge, 2004, p. 178.

543:(secretaries) for his mission, one of whom was Benedetto. 8382:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

2923:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1311, §50, p. 495.

1642:, killing 6,000 citizens and destroying both the home of 1223:" year, the first of many such jubilees to take place in 816:

as well as a collection of legal principles known as the

3079: 2910:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1309, §4, p. 428.

2607:

Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under year 1300, §6, p. 264.

2271: 1187:. By July 1297, Boniface yielded completely in the bull 657:

by Pope Martin IV, in which he bestowed the deaconry of

422:(Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni—who was himself a nephew of 3611:

Meister Eckhart und seine Zeit – Päpste – Bonifaz VIII.

3116:(in Italian). Vol. 3 volumes. Sulmone: Angeletti. 3088:(in German). Vol. 1. Hamm: Bautz. cols. 690–692. 1410:, and pontifical habit made of black silk, as well as 1207:

but obliging Edward to come to France in person to do

8413:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

3561:

Notes on the Conclave of April 4, 1292 – July 5, 1294

1936:

II (Berlin 1875), p. 1543, nos. 18858, 18859, 18867.

1738:

restored for the Great Jubilee of 1300, particularly

1230: 727:

of Boniface VIII (pierced subsequent to original use)

279:

origin, with connections to the papacy. He succeeded

133:

Cardinal-Priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti

3084:

Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)

2221:

and Hughes de Billay, of the French province of the

1137:

that hostilities between Boniface and Philip began.

612:

earlier that month. Cardinal Ottobono did not reach

61:

Boniface VIII declaring the Jubilee Year, fresco by

3516:

Phillip the Fair and Boniface VIII: State vs Papacy

3311: 3302: 2865:, under 11 October 1605: Joannes Baptista Gattico, 2241:

I edition altera (Monasterii 1913), pp. 11, 35, 46.

2167:

I edition altera (Monasterii 1913), pp. 10, 47, 52.

1622:portrayed Boniface VIII being punished in hell for 1477:was signed at the Council of Vienne on 2 May 1312. 753:The regulations promulgated in the 1274 papal bull 271:from 24 December 1294 until his death in 1303. The 7486: 3466: 3081: 3018: 2493:Dante Alighierli, Divine Comedy, Inferno, 19.49–63 973:attained his throne after the death of his father 3457:Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000 ( 3285: 3186:Aus den Tagen Bonifaz VIII. Funde und Forschungen 3004:Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima Collectio 2696:Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima Collectio 2644:History of France from the Earliest Times to 1848 2265:http://www.e-theca.net/emiliopanella/lector12.htm 2237:in August 1294 by Celestine V. See Conrad Eubel, 1753:Pope Boniface VIII is a main character played by 1402:legs and thighs, and it was garbed also with the 906:to dispute Boniface's claims of papal supremacy. 8733: 8483:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 3683: 3158: 2405:Liber Sextus Decretalium D. Bonifacii Papae VIII 1869: 1258: 964: 2199:Bartholomew of Lucca, in: Odoricus Raynaldus , 1709:The Tale of Pope Boniface is told in Book 2 of 458:at the cathedral in the family's stronghold of 395:, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of 3343: 3275:Archivio della Società Romana di Storia Patria 3219:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages 2484:I edition altera (Monasterii 1913), pp. 12–13. 2433: 2395:(Francofurdi: Ioan. Wechelus 1586), pp. 1–272. 2134:Archivio della Società romana di storia patria 1147:, Philip was convinced that the wealth of the 1041:, by damning the pope, placing him within the 862:Boniface receiving some medical writings from 481:His uncle Pietro granted him a canonry in the 306:, who expected the pope to soon arrive at the 7472: 5390: 3669: 3439:Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI 3172:Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchen- Geschichte 2471:Chapter III "The Lord of Europe" pp. 102–104. 2447: 2445: 2335:"Papal resignations: the case of Celestine V" 1012:under an interdict and invited the ambitious 997:. To prepare for a Crusade, Boniface ordered 27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303 3528:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3221:. Vol. V. London: George Bell and Sons. 3144:(in French). Rome: L'Erma di Bretschneider. 2960:Law, Sex and Christianity in Medieval Europe 2463:"The Bad Popes" by ER Chamberlin 1969, 1986 2370:Volume I (Roma: Pagliarini 1803), pp. 56–69. 1953:II (Berlin 1875), p. 1543, nos. 19037–19039. 378:, but no verdict against him was delivered. 8762:13th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops 3569:Dr. J. P. Adams (with contemporary sources) 3563:Dr. J. P. Adams (with contemporary sources) 3481:History of Pope Boniface VIII and his times 3344:Rubeus (Rossi), Joannes (Giovanni) (1651). 3216: 3139: 2278:. Cambridge University Press. p. 275. 2094: 1200: 1188: 1173: 1132: 1120: 1064: 822:. His contribution came to be known as the 8498:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 8448:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 7479: 7465: 7319:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 5397: 5383: 3676: 3662: 3591:Literature by and about Pope Boniface VIII 3494:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3413:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3384:Vol. 2, Munich/Zurich 1983, cols. 414–416. 3335:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3199:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2989:. Cambridge University Press. p. 259. 2557:Les Registres de Boniface VIII (1294–1303) 2442: 374:of Boniface. He was accused of heresy and 221: 55: 3585:"Boniface VIII and the Heresy of Statism" 3518:. New York: Holt, Rhinehart, and Winston. 3484:. Translated by Donnelly, E. J. New York. 3441:(in German). Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz. 3111: 2668:"Boniface VIII", by Thomas Oestreich, in 2642:François Guizot and Mme. Guizot de Witt, 2572:(St. Louis MO: B. Herder 1900), pp. 6–25. 1584:Learn how and when to remove this message 1179:tithes, the first of which to be paid by 608:and his son Henry had been killed at the 2778:Chamberlain, E.R. "The Lord of Europe". 1595: 1377: 1328: 1315: 1111:(1268–1314) came at a time of expanding 1068: 857: 836:, and now published as part of the five 719: 562:. He also commended to the Cardinal the 127:Cardinal-Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere 3567:Notes on the Conclave of December, 1294 3464: 3436: 3387: 3225: 2984: 2777: 2332: 1469:gauntlets to maintain his innocence by 1099:The conflict between Boniface VIII and 263:– 11 October 1303) was the head of the 14: 8734: 5778: 3579:"Boniface VIII against the Revolution" 3396: 3312:Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino (2003). 3303:Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino (2003). 3016: 2973:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2934:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2921:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2908:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2832:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2784:Ian Mortimer: "Barriers to the Truth" 2709:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2683:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2605:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2517:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2504:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2147:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2032:Henry the Third and the English Church 2015:Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 2002:Henry the Third and the English Church 1311: 331:by collecting it in a new volume, the 7460: 5378: 3657: 3601:Works by and about Pope Boniface VIII 3477: 3392:(in German). Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau. 3182: 3130: 3102: 3065:I (Roma: Pagliarini 1784), pp. 32–42. 2962:(University of Chicago, 1990), p. 473 2407:(Francofurdi 1586), pp. 252–260; See 2333:Michael, Widener (11 February 2013). 1876:Mélanges de l'école française de Rome 1430:After the papacy had been removed to 1214: 1164:the support of French clergy such as 3513: 3473:. Totowa, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 3433:A-CIL, Rome, 1970, pp. 675–679. 3298:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2383:(London: Thomas Baker, 1889), p. 51. 1670:is "From the Blessing of the Waves". 1600:Statue of Pope Boniface VIII at the 1522:adding citations to reliable sources 1493: 504:Benedetto never forgot his roots in 8352:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 5404: 3640:24 December 1294 – 11 October 1303 3125:, Rome, UniversItalia, 2020, online 2878: 2797: 2762:http://www.palazzobonifacioviii.it/ 1425: 811:, published under the authority of 478:and began his legal studies there. 24: 7907:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 3025:. et al. Time-Life Books. p. 1778:Cardinals created by Boniface VIII 1245:First Scottish War of Independence 1231:First Scottish War of Independence 866:in the presence of his cardinals. 381: 292:First War of Scottish Independence 25: 8823: 3545: 3427:Enciclopedia Dantesca, a cura di 3348:(in Italian). Romae: Corbelletti. 3305:Boniface VIII. Un pape hérétique? 3021:The World of Giotto: c. 1267–1337 2821:(Westminster, 1898), pp. 346–350. 2646:Volume I (New York 1885), p. 474. 2217:Also known as Hughes (Seguin) of 1673:The mathematician and astronomer 1333:The tomb of Boniface VIII in the 1008:Boniface also placed the city of 715: 8714: 8702: 8033:Fourth Council of Constantinople 7988:Second Council of Constantinople 7441: 7440: 7429: 7397:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 6945:Criticism of the Catholic Church 5356: 5345: 5344: 3352: 3272: 3159:de Sainte-Marthe, Denis (1716). 2885:. Her date of 1606 is incorrect. 2782:. Barnes and Noble. p. 120. 2254:Tomus Tertius (Milan 1723), 642. 1748:Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore 1498: 8812:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica 8003:Third Council of Constantinople 7927:First Council of Constantinople 5564:First seven ecumenical councils 3445:Theseider, Eugenio Dupré: 3369:The Capetian Century, 1214–1314 3320: 3217:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1906). 3135:. Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 3133:The Great Popes Through History 3072: 3043: 3010: 2993: 2978: 2965: 2952: 2939: 2926: 2913: 2900: 2888: 2872: 2855: 2842: 2837:American Journal of Archaeology 2824: 2807: 2791: 2766: 2753: 2740: 2727: 2714: 2701: 2688: 2675: 2662: 2649: 2636: 2633:(Edinburgh, 2004), pp. 192, 280 2623: 2610: 2597: 2584: 2575: 2562: 2542: 2522: 2509: 2496: 2487: 2482:Hierarchia catholica medii aevi 2474: 2457: 2427: 2422:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia 2414: 2398: 2386: 2373: 2357: 2326: 2292: 2257: 2244: 2239:Hierarchia catholica medii aevi 2211: 2193: 2184: 2170: 2165:Hierarchia catholica medii aevi 2157: 2139: 2126: 2112: 2086: 2076: 2067: 2037: 2024: 2007: 1986: 1974: 1965: 1509:needs additional citations for 1418:, rings, and bejeweled gloves. 1020:in 1300 to end the feud of the 661:on Cardinal Benedetto Caetani. 437: 8242:Dissolution of the monasteries 7508:History of the Catholic Church 6139:Separation of church and state 3316:(in Italian). Torino: Einaudi. 3207: 2883:. McFarland. pp. 120–123. 2748:Les Registres de Boniface VIII 2735:Les Registres de Boniface VIII 2722:Les Registres de Boniface VIII 2655:Catholic Encyclopedia. Tosti, 2631:The Wars of Scotland 1214–1371 2537:Les Registres de Boniface VIII 2235:Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia 1956: 1943: 1926: 1907: 1894: 1863: 1850: 1841: 1816: 664:At Orvieto, on 12 April 1281, 511:In 1264 Benedetto entered the 391:Benedetto Caetani was born in 13: 1: 8116:Fourth Council of the Lateran 8091:Second Council of the Lateran 7700:Apostles in the New Testament 3504:War Bonifaz VIII. ein Ketzer? 3210:Il giubileo di Bonifacio VIII 2657:History of Pope Boniface VIII 1799: 1734:Boniface had the churches of 1489: 1285:On 10 February 1302 the bull 1259:Continued feud with Philip IV 1211:for the return of Aquitaine. 965:Conflicts in Sicily and Italy 698:Pietro Peregrosso of S. Marco 254: 8802:13th-century Italian jurists 8230:Catholic Counter-Reformation 8096:Third Council of the Lateran 8086:First Council of the Lateran 7542:Catholic ecumenical councils 3605:Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek 3169: 3131:Coppa, Frank J, ed. (2002). 3112:Celidonio, Giuseppe (1896). 3103:Boase, Thomas S. R. (1933). 2897:I (Paris 1716), pp. 919–920. 2750:(Paris 1907), nos. 5386–5387 2555:2333 (28 February 1297), in 2535:1653, 20 September 1296, in 1951:Regesta Pontificum Romanorum 1934:Regesta Pontificum Romanorum 1856:Tosti, p. 37, citing Teuli, 1634:of hell. A bit later in the 1480: 1219:Boniface proclaimed 1300 a " 1141:At war with both his English 853: 796: 474:, Benedetto followed him to 67:Basilica of St. John Lateran 7: 3455:Niccolò I, santo, Sisto IV. 3257:/ Lutz Klinkhammer (eds.): 2339:Lillian Goldman Law Library 2252:Rerum Italicarum Scriptores 2152:concordat in forty articles 2034:(London 1905), pp. 403–416. 1920:Rerum Italicarum Scriptores 1771: 832:" appear at the end of the 791:Sapienza University of Rome 519:Simon de Brion, the future 231:Other popes named Boniface 10: 8828: 7576:History of the Roman Curia 7436:Catholic Church portal 3514:Wood, Charles, T. (1967). 3469:Crisis of Church and State 3307:(in French). Paris: Payot. 3286:Oestereic, Thomas (1907). 2788:: 60:12: December 2010: 13 2620:, (Edinburgh, 1988), p. 61 2000:in 1272. Francis Gasquet, 1904:(Paris 1655), pp. 527–528. 1847:Finke, p. 9. Tosti, p. 37. 1602:Museo dell'Opera del Duomo 1280:Robert II, Count of Artois 932:salt strewn over its ruins 926:them and their followers. 668:created Benedetto Caetani 537:Crown of Naples and Sicily 8807:Diplomats of the Holy See 8697: 8597: 8463: 8390: 8325: 8312:European wars of religion 8209: 8144: 8046: 7968: 7859: 7782: 7642: 7631: 7623:Eastern Catholic Churches 7498: 7424: 7362:Aid to the Church in Need 7352: 7209: 7022: 6983:Vatican Television Center 6958: 6868: 6758: 6628:Eastern Catholic Churches 6609: 6498: 6391: 6338: 6263: 6234: 6159: 6084: 6019: 5964: 5883: 5753: 5667: 5599: 5544: 5463: 5440: 5412: 5340: 5267: 5207: 5146: 5137: 4951: 4665: 4264: 3968: 3762: 3695: 3642: 3633: 3625: 3618: 3510:94 (1905), pp. 1–66. 3388:Schmidt, Tilmann (1989). 3382:Lexikon des Mittelalters. 3376:Schmidt, Tilmann (1983). 3292:The Catholic Encyclopedia 3240:10.1017/S0362152900011326 3140:Coste, Jean, ed. (1995). 3120:Ciochetti, Marco (2020). 3063:Degli archiatri pontificj 2987:The Trial of the Templars 2985:Barber, Malcolm (2012a). 2802:. McFarland. p. 120. 2746:Georges Digard (editor), 2733:Georges Digard (editor), 2720:Georges Digard (editor), 2694:Joannes Dominicus Mansi, 2670:The Catholic Encyclopedia 2381:The Elements of Canon Law 2136:, 52 (1929), pp. 485–490. 2105:where the text twice has 2092:Tosti, p. 38, n. 15: ... 2019:English Historical Review 1870:Pascal Montaubin (1997), 1727:Boniface was a patron of 1149:Catholic Church in France 900:, who wrote his treatise 594:Cardinal Ottobono Fieschi 386: 362:King Philip IV pressured 229: 217: 200: 178: 173: 160: 147: 142: 119: 109: 99: 91: 83: 73: 54: 47: 34: 8443:Mary of the Divine Heart 8066:Clash against the empire 8018:Second Council of Nicaea 7912:Old St. Peter's Basilica 7304:Communion and Liberation 6768:Eastern Catholic liturgy 5933:Mystici Corporis Christi 5861:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 3607:(German Digital Library) 3587:(Saint Benedict Center) 3581:(Saint Benedict Center) 3573:The Bull Clericis Laicos 3449:In: Massimo Bray (ed.): 3437:Souchon, Martin (1888). 3421:Sestan, Ernesto (1970). 3397:Scholz, Richard (1903). 3183:Finke, Heinrich (1902). 2570:The Holy Year of Jubilee 1761:Channel television show 1666:Boniface's title in the 1660:Gargantua and Pantagruel 1653:He is also mentioned in 1065:Conflicts with Philip IV 1014:Charles, Count of Valois 604:. There he learned that 339:" year to take place in 8709:Vatican City portal 8061:Investiture Controversy 7917:First Council of Nicaea 6119:Philosophy of canon law 6049:Mariology of the saints 5629:Investiture Controversy 5158:During the Roman Empire 3595:German National Library 3508:Historische Zeitschrift 3465:Tierney, Brian (1964). 3403:(in German). Stuttgart. 3178:. Freiburg im Breisgau. 2800:The Deaths of the Popes 2225:, former lector at the 1981:Registres de Clément IV 1630:, whom he meets in the 1022:Black and White Guelphs 971:Frederick III of Sicily 738:on 13 December 1294 at 8721:Catholicism portal 8532:Second Vatican Council 8418:Our Lady of La Salette 8225:Protestant Reformation 8212:Protestant Reformation 8131:Second Council of Lyon 7520:Ecclesiastical history 7372:Catholic Charities USA 7006:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 6994:Vatican Polyglot Press 6044:Mariology of the popes 5682:Protestant Reformation 5363:Catholic Church Portal 5223:Conflicts with the HRE 3620:Catholic Church titles 3451:Enciclopedia dei Papi. 3365:Théry, Julien (2017). 3261:WBG, Darmstadt, 2009, 3189:(in German). Muenster. 3017:Eimerl, Sarel (1967). 2095: 2004:(London 1905), p. 414. 1915:Historia ecclesiastica 1888:10.3406/mefr.1997.3580 1794:Barons' Letter of 1301 1608: 1371: 1337: 1326: 1296:French Estates-General 1201: 1189: 1174: 1133: 1121: 1096: 993:was recognized as the 987:Peace of Caltabellotta 875: 808:Decretales Gregorii IX 728: 694:Latino Orsini of Ostia 327:Boniface systematized 246: 8428:First Vatican Council 8126:First Council of Lyon 7890:Constantine the Great 7586:Christian monasticism 7126:Good Shepherd Sisters 6968:Holy See Press Office 6206:Doctors of the Church 6039:Immaculate Conception 5994:Anointing of the Sick 5529:History of the papacy 5139:History of the papacy 3575:(Medieval Sourcebook) 3553:Catholic Encyclopedia 3536:Xavier, Adro (1971). 3478:Tosti, Luigi (1911). 3325:(in Italian). Aquila. 3321:Rociglio, A. (1894). 2850:"Pope Boniface VIII." 2364:Filippo Maria Renazzi 2267:Accessed 9 May 2011; 2201:Annales Ecclesiastici 1992:Fieschi later became 1668:Prophecy of the Popes 1599: 1378:Burial and exhumation 1366: 1332: 1319: 1175:Romana mater ecclesia 1072: 861: 843:Corpus Juris Canonici 834:Liber Sextus (in VI°) 723: 659:S. Nicolas in Carcere 619:St. Lawrence's church 8605:Sexual abuse scandal 8514:Mit brennender Sorge 8357:Age of Enlightenment 8136:Bernard of Clairvaux 8013:Byzantine Iconoclasm 7952:Council of Chalcedon 7732:Council of Jerusalem 7601:Role in civilization 7581:Religious institutes 7513:By country or region 6999:L'Osservatore Romano 6937:Role in civilisation 6663:Croatian and Serbian 6411:Episcopal conference 6373:St. Peter's Basilica 5731:Sexual abuse scandal 5687:Catholic Reformation 5301:Revolutionary Papacy 5295:Age of Enlightenment 3502:Wenck, Karl (1905). 3288:"Pope Boniface VIII" 3208:Frugoni, A. (1950). 3107:. London: Constable. 2815:Historia universalis 2434:Pope Boniface VIII. 2097:Urbe retinere possit 1917:XXIII. 26 (Muratori 1913:Ptolemaeus of Lucca 1860:, Book 2, chapter 5. 1740:St. Peter's Basilica 1694:depicted granting a 1533:"Pope Boniface VIII" 1518:improve this article 1444:coram nobis Avinione 1346:Guillaume de Nogaret 1197:1303 Treaty of Paris 1156:Middle East. In the 920:College of Cardinals 748:Bartholomew of Lucca 744:Charles II of Naples 556:Henry III of England 8433:Papal infallibility 8423:Our Lady of Lourdes 8372:Shimabara Rebellion 8216:Counter-Reformation 7334:Neocatechumenal Way 7299:Charismatic Renewal 7013:Annuario Pontificio 6611:Particular churches 6287:Ecumenical councils 6059:Perpetual virginity 5894:Communitas perfecta 5838:Sermon on the Mount 5148:Antiquity and Early 4952:17th–21st centuries 4666:13th–16th centuries 3453:Volume 2: 3165:(in French). Paris. 2848:Thomas Oestereich, 2379:Oswald J. Reichel, 2345:on 27 November 2022 2120:"Cardinal Deaconry" 2073:Tosti, p. 38, n. 15 1858:History of Velletri 1690:, Boniface VIII is 1312:Abduction and death 1237:Edward I of England 1145:his Flemish vassals 975:Peter III of Aragon 894:Philip IV of France 890:Albert I of Germany 761:1294 papal conclave 413:Gaetani dell'Aquila 300:Philip IV of France 296:Albert I of Germany 247:Bonifatius PP. VIII 8797:14th-century popes 8792:13th-century popes 8782:Politics of Aragon 8757:People from Anagni 8742:Pope Boniface VIII 8478:Our Lady of Fátima 8267:Ignatius of Loyola 8191:Catherine of Siena 8159:Pope Boniface VIII 7978:Benedict of Nursia 7947:Council of Ephesus 7784:Ante-Nicene period 7737:Split with Judaism 7571:Crusading movement 7171:Premonstratensians 5554:Ante-Nicene period 5432:Lists of Catholics 5283:Reformation Papacy 5277:Renaissance Papacy 5219:(1012–1044 / 1048) 5172:Ostrogothic Papacy 4265:9th–12th centuries 3355:Mélanges Tisserant 2971:A. Theiner (ed.), 2932:A. Theiner (ed.), 2919:A. Theiner (ed.), 2839:4 (1888), 330–332. 2830:A. Theiner (ed.), 2813:Giovanni Villani, 2707:A. Theiner (ed.), 2681:A. Theiner (ed.), 2603:A. Theiner (ed.), 2568:Herbert Thurston, 2549:Coram Illo fatemur 2529:Ineffabilis amoris 2515:A. Theiner (ed.), 2502:A. Theiner (ed.), 2145:A. Theiner (ed.), 1682:Giovanni Boccaccio 1675:Campanus of Novara 1609: 1358:schiaffo di Anagni 1338: 1327: 1215:First Jubilee Year 1097: 909:In 1297, Cardinal 876: 864:Galvano da Levanto 729: 501:, from that city. 239:Pope Boniface VIII 8729: 8728: 8689:COVID-19 pandemic 8667:Pope Benedict XVI 8572:Pope John Paul II 8347:Pope Benedict XIV 8333:French Revolution 8317:Thirty Years' War 8307:Robert Bellarmine 8292:John of the Cross 8196:Pope Alexander VI 8181:Council of Vienne 8111:Francis of Assisi 8101:Pope Innocent III 7970:Early Middle Ages 7964: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7902:Arian controversy 7855: 7854: 7803:Apostolic Fathers 7454: 7453: 6864: 6863: 6257: 6080: 6079: 5772: 5749: 5748: 5741:COVID-19 pandemic 5711:French Revolution 5701:Thirty Years' War 5609:Islamic conquests 5522:Apostolic fathers 5457: 5372: 5371: 5336: 5335: 5228:Wandering Papacy 5191:Saeculum obscurum 5164:Under Constantine 3969:5th–8th centuries 3763:1st–4th centuries 3747:papal resignation 3652: 3651: 3643:Succeeded by 3267:978-3-534-20936-1 3151:978-88-7062-914-9 3059:978-1-4426-4269-0 2895:Gallia christiana 2616:Geoffrey Barrow, 2311:978-0-511-71019-3 2285:978-0-521-19217-0 2030:Francis Gasquet, 2021:15 (1900) 87–120. 1949:August Potthast, 1932:August Potthast, 1830:on 1 April 1291, 1716:Confessio Amantis 1655:François Rabelais 1628:Pope Nicholas III 1594: 1593: 1586: 1568: 1463:Council of Vienne 1360:("Anagni slap"). 1059:Pope Nicholas III 872:presentation copy 610:Battle of Evesham 606:Simon de Montfort 560:Kingdom of Sicily 533:Comte de Provence 483:Cathedral of Todi 464:Pandulf of Anagni 420:Pope Alexander IV 267:and ruler of the 251:Benedetto Caetani 236: 235: 208:(aged 72–73) 183:Benedetto Caetani 16:(Redirected from 8819: 8772:House of Caetani 8719: 8718: 8707: 8706: 8705: 8684:Patriarch Kirill 8557:Pope John Paul I 8362:Anti-clericalism 8342:Pope Innocent XI 8262:Society of Jesus 8247:Council of Trent 8201:Age of Discovery 8146:Late Middle Ages 8048:High Middle Ages 8038:East–West Schism 7922:Pope Sylvester I 7868: 7867: 7857: 7856: 7767:General epistles 7762:Pauline epistles 7695:John the Baptist 7678:Great Commission 7640: 7639: 7591:Catholic culture 7481: 7474: 7467: 7458: 7457: 7444: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7176:Redemptoristines 7024:Religious orders 6950:Anti-Catholicism 6900:Church buildings 6760:Catholic liturgy 6500:Consecrated life 6358:Apostolic Palace 6325:Synod of Bishops 6261: 6260: 6237: 5843:Ten Commandments 5776: 5775: 5758: 5659:Age of Discovery 5493:Great Commission 5461: 5460: 5445: 5399: 5392: 5385: 5376: 5375: 5360: 5348: 5347: 5268:Early Modern and 5178:Byzantine Papacy 5144: 5143: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3626:Preceded by 3616: 3615: 3540:Barcelona, 1971. 3533: 3527: 3519: 3499: 3493: 3485: 3474: 3472: 3442: 3418: 3412: 3404: 3393: 3378:Bonifatius VIII. 3362: 3349: 3340: 3334: 3326: 3317: 3308: 3299: 3282: 3255:Matheus, Michael 3251: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3198: 3190: 3179: 3166: 3155: 3136: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3087: 3066: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3024: 3014: 3008: 3000:The Age of Faith 2997: 2991: 2990: 2982: 2976: 2969: 2963: 2958:James Brundage, 2956: 2950: 2943: 2937: 2930: 2924: 2917: 2911: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2884: 2879:Reardon, Wendy. 2876: 2870: 2859: 2853: 2846: 2840: 2828: 2822: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2798:Reardon, Wendy. 2795: 2789: 2783: 2770: 2764: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2725: 2718: 2712: 2705: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2653: 2647: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2588: 2582: 2581:Thurston, p. 17. 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2546: 2540: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2507: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2478: 2472: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2440: 2439: 2431: 2425: 2418: 2412: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2377: 2371: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2341:. 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Archived from 2041: 2035: 2028: 2022: 2011: 2005: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1971:Potthast, 19089. 1969: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1947: 1941: 1930: 1924: 1911: 1905: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1867: 1861: 1854: 1848: 1845: 1839: 1820: 1783:Giovanni Villani 1744:Lateran Basilica 1589: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1569: 1567: 1526: 1502: 1494: 1440:posthumous trial 1426:Posthumous trial 1391:Giacomo Grimaldi 1384:Pope Boniface IV 1206: 1194: 1177: 1166:Pierre de Mornay 1161:Ineffabilis amor 1136: 1126: 1104: 1089: 1077: 1043:circles of Fraud 870:from the actual 801:In the field of 732:Pope Celestine V 702:Cardinal Priests 627:Northamptonshire 529:Charles of Anjou 372:posthumous trial 281:Pope Celestine V 262: 259: 256: 225: 207: 174:Personal details 161:Created cardinal 120:Previous post(s) 87:24 December 1294 59: 32: 31: 21: 8827: 8826: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8777:Dante Alighieri 8732: 8731: 8730: 8725: 8713: 8703: 8701: 8693: 8615:World Youth Day 8593: 8582:World Youth Day 8526:Pacem in terris 8520:Pope John XXIII 8459: 8386: 8377:Edict of Nantes 8335: 8331: 8321: 8287:Teresa of Ávila 8282:Tridentine Mass 8218: 8214: 8205: 8186:Knights Templar 8140: 8042: 7998:Gregorian chant 7956: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7863: 7851: 7778: 7647: 7635: 7627: 7494: 7492:Catholic Church 7485: 7455: 7450: 7428: 7420: 7399: 7382:Relief Services 7348: 7294:Catholic Action 7284:Military orders 7221:Confraternities 7213:of the faithful 7212: 7205: 7027: 7018: 6954: 6860: 6754: 6613: 6605: 6538:Prior, Prioress 6494: 6387: 6383:Vatican Museums 6334: 6267: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6230: 6155: 6109:Social teaching 6076: 6015: 5960: 5915:One true church 5879: 5856:Sixtine Vulgate 5852:Official Bible 5766: 5762: 5757: 5745: 5663: 5595: 5540: 5510:Petrine primacy 5453: 5449: 5444: 5436: 5408: 5406:Catholic Church 5403: 5373: 5368: 5332: 5315:(1929–present) 5269: 5263: 5217:Tusculan Papacy 5209: 5203: 5184:Frankish Papacy 5149: 5133: 4947: 4661: 4260: 3964: 3758: 3691: 3689:Catholic Church 3682: 3648: 3639: 3631: 3548: 3543: 3538:Bonifacio VIII. 3521: 3520: 3487: 3486: 3447:Bonifacio VIII. 3423:Bonifacio VIII. 3406: 3405: 3328: 3327: 3192: 3191: 3152: 3096: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3048: 3044: 3037: 3015: 3011: 2998: 2994: 2983: 2979: 2970: 2966: 2957: 2953: 2944: 2940: 2931: 2927: 2918: 2914: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2877: 2873: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2843: 2829: 2825: 2812: 2808: 2796: 2792: 2772:A. Tomassetti, 2771: 2767: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2728: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2702: 2693: 2689: 2680: 2676: 2667: 2663: 2654: 2650: 2641: 2637: 2629:Michael Brown, 2628: 2624: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2598: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2547: 2543: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2510: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2479: 2475: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2443: 2432: 2428: 2419: 2415: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2378: 2374: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2331: 2327: 2312: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2262: 2258: 2249: 2245: 2223:Dominican Order 2216: 2212: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2162: 2158: 2144: 2140: 2131: 2127: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2058: 2056: 2055:on 4 March 2016 2045:"George Baker, 2043: 2042: 2038: 2029: 2025: 2012: 2008: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1948: 1944: 1931: 1927: 1912: 1908: 1899: 1895: 1868: 1864: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1821: 1817: 1802: 1774: 1590: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1527: 1525: 1515: 1503: 1492: 1483: 1475:Knights Templar 1471:trial by combat 1428: 1380: 1353:Sciarra Colonna 1342:Maundy Thursday 1314: 1266:Bernard Saisset 1261: 1233: 1217: 1134:Clericis laicos 1123:Clericis laicos 1102: 1087: 1075: 1067: 1049:(ditch) of the 1026:Dante Alighieri 967: 959:Pedro Rodríguez 948:Gentile Partino 898:Dante Alighieri 856: 813:Pope Gregory IX 799: 718: 670:cardinal deacon 568:pounds Tournois 548:Pope Clement IV 440: 424:Pope Gregory IX 389: 384: 382:Life and career 370:into staging a 304:Dante Alighieri 265:Catholic Church 260: 257: 209: 205: 204:11 October 1303 196: 187: 185: 184: 165: 152: 151:23 January 1295 138: 95:11 October 1303 78:Catholic Church 69: 43: 40: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8825: 8815: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8711: 8698: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8612: 8607: 8601: 8599: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8591: 8590: 8589: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8522: 8517: 8510: 8505: 8503:Lateran Treaty 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8469: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8457: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8394: 8392: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8338: 8336: 8328:Baroque period 8326: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8297:Peter Canisius 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8272:Francis Xavier 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8236:Exsurge Domine 8232: 8227: 8221: 8219: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8176:Pope Clement V 8173: 8172: 8171: 8169:Avignon Papacy 8164:Western Schism 8161: 8156: 8154:Thomas Aquinas 8150: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8008:Saint Boniface 8005: 8000: 7995: 7993:Pope Gregory I 7990: 7985: 7980: 7974: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7932:Biblical canon 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7898: 7897: 7886: 7884: 7865: 7861:Late antiquity 7853: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7808:Pope Clement I 7798:Church Fathers 7795: 7789: 7787: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7654: 7652: 7637: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7598: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7559:Biblical canon 7554:Catholic Bible 7551: 7550: 7549: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7516: 7515: 7504: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7484: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7461: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7438: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7400: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7358: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7329:Legion of Mary 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7258:Lay Carmelites 7255: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7217: 7215: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7106:Conceptionists 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7041:Assumptionists 7037: 7035: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6970: 6964: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6764: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6743:Syro-Malankara 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6693:Italo-Albanian 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6625: 6619: 6617: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6547: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6511: 6504: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6402: 6400: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6363:Lateran Treaty 6360: 6355: 6350: 6344: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6321: 6320: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6289: 6284: 6275: 6273: 6258: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6165: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6124: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6099:Moral theology 6096: 6090: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6025: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6008: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5929: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5889: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5863: 5858: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5782: 5780: 5773: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5684: 5673: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5614:Pope Gregory I 5611: 5605: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5586:Biblical canon 5583: 5581:Late antiquity 5578: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5561: 5556: 5550: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5517:Church fathers 5514: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5469: 5467: 5458: 5451:Ecclesiastical 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5354: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5329: 5328: 5322: 5310: 5307:Roman Question 5304: 5298: 5297:(c. 1640–1740) 5292: 5289:Baroque Papacy 5286: 5280: 5273: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5258:Western Schism 5255: 5252:Avignon Papacy 5249: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5226: 5220: 5213: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5198:Crescentii era 5195: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5154: 5152: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5004:Alexander VIII 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4387:Anastasius III 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3739: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3719: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3681: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3658: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3641: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3598: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3547: 3546:External links 3544: 3542: 3541: 3534: 3511: 3500: 3475: 3462: 3443: 3434: 3419: 3394: 3385: 3374: 3363: 3350: 3341: 3318: 3314:Bonifacio VIII 3309: 3300: 3283: 3270: 3252: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3180: 3167: 3156: 3150: 3137: 3128: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3094: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3049:Robin Healey, 3042: 3035: 3009: 2992: 2977: 2964: 2951: 2938: 2925: 2912: 2899: 2887: 2871: 2854: 2841: 2823: 2806: 2790: 2765: 2752: 2739: 2726: 2713: 2700: 2687: 2674: 2661: 2648: 2635: 2622: 2609: 2596: 2583: 2574: 2561: 2541: 2521: 2508: 2495: 2486: 2480:Conrad Eubel, 2473: 2456: 2441: 2436:"Unam Sanctam" 2426: 2413: 2411:for a listing. 2397: 2385: 2372: 2356: 2325: 2310: 2291: 2284: 2256: 2243: 2210: 2192: 2183: 2169: 2163:Conrad Eubel, 2156: 2138: 2125: 2111: 2085: 2075: 2066: 2036: 2023: 2006: 1998:Pope Gregory X 1985: 1983:I, nos. 40–78. 1973: 1964: 1955: 1942: 1925: 1906: 1900:Pierre Dupuy, 1893: 1882:(2): 303–442, 1862: 1849: 1840: 1828:King of Sicily 1814: 1813: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1751: 1732: 1725: 1707: 1700:Ghino di Tacco 1678: 1671: 1664: 1651: 1648:shrine to Mary 1592: 1591: 1506: 1504: 1497: 1491: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1436:Pope Clement V 1427: 1424: 1379: 1376: 1335:Vatican grotto 1313: 1310: 1260: 1257: 1232: 1229: 1216: 1213: 1199:restoring the 1170:Colonna family 1080:receiving the 1066: 1063: 995:king of Naples 966: 963: 924:excommunicated 911:Jacopo Colonna 855: 852: 798: 795: 717: 716:Papal election 714: 666:Pope Martin IV 639:Eighth Crusade 635:Pope Gregory X 592:On 4 May 1265 521:Pope Martin IV 499:Doctor of Laws 491:Father Vitalis 468:Bishop of Todi 439: 436: 403:family of the 388: 385: 383: 380: 368:Avignon Papacy 364:Pope Clement V 349:excommunicated 273:Caetani family 234: 233: 227: 226: 219: 215: 214: 213:, Papal States 202: 198: 197: 188: 182: 180: 176: 175: 171: 170: 162: 158: 157: 149: 145: 144: 140: 139: 137: 136: 130: 123: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 60: 52: 51: 49:Bishop of Rome 45: 44: 41: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8824: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8767:Italian popes 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8700: 8699: 8696: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8596: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8562:Mother Teresa 8560: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8488:Pope Pius XII 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8454:Rerum novarum 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8438:Pope Leo XIII 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8408:United States 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8398:Pope Pius VII 8396: 8395: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8213: 8208: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8081:Scholasticism 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8056:Pope Urban II 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7832:Justin Martyr 7830: 7826: 7823: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7781: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7742:New Testament 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7705:Commissioning 7703: 7702: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7649:Apostolic Age 7645: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7535:Papal primacy 7533: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7477: 7475: 7470: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7459: 7447: 7439: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7377:Home Missions 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7270:Saint Francis 7268: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7253:Saint Dominic 7251: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7066:Bethlehemites 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6989: 6988:Vatican Radio 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6974: 6973:Vatican Media 6971: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6884: 6881: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6757: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6270:List of popes 6266: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6233: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6054:Mother of God 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5939:People of God 5937: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5928: 5927:Infallibility 5925: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5803:Body and soul 5801: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5761: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5706:Enlightenment 5704: 5702: 5699: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5677:Protestantism 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5654:Scholasticism 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5639:Schism (1378) 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5624:Schism (1054) 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5388: 5386: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5365: 5364: 5359: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5266: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5208:High and Late 5206: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5024:Benedict XIII 5022: 5020: 5019:Innocent XIII 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4984:Alexander VII 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4853:Innocent VIII 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4833:Callixtus III 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4753:Boniface VIII 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4652:Celestine III 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4627:Alexander III 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4617:Anastasius IV 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4517:Sylvester III 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4502:Benedict VIII 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4026:Anastasius II 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3742:Pope emeritus 3740: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3700:List of popes 3698: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3674: 3672: 3667: 3665: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3647: 3638: 3637: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3586: 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3830:Eleutherius 3805:Telesphorus 3795:Alexander I 3717:Papal names 3646:Benedict XI 3629:Celestine V 3459:treccani.it 3234:: 195–222. 1692:satirically 1235:After King 1185:secular arm 1101:King Philip 1024:, the poet 940:Benedictine 725:Papal bulla 696:, Cardinal 678:Ghibellines 541:tabelliones 535:, over the 513:Roman Curia 258: 1230 135:(1291–1294) 129:(1281–1291) 114:Benedict XI 104:Celestine V 100:Predecessor 18:Scimus Fili 8736:Categories 8551:coronation 8257:Pope Leo X 7842:Tertullian 7772:Revelation 7747:Background 7161:Oratorians 7116:Dominicans 7086:Carmelites 7081:Camillians 7029:institutes 6842:Tridentine 6778:Antiochian 6698:Macedonian 6643:Belarusian 6533:Provincial 6448:Archbishop 6368:Roman Rota 6330:Properties 6255:By country 6251:Precedence 6216:Confessors 6196:Archangels 6186:Patriarchs 6086:Philosophy 6064:Veneration 6029:Assumption 5999:Last rites 5966:Sacraments 5910:Four marks 5721:Vatican II 5669:Modern era 5505:Succession 5270:Modern Era 5200:(974–1012) 5104:John XXIII 5014:Clement XI 4989:Clement IX 4979:Innocent X 4974:Urban VIII 4969:Gregory XV 4893:Julius III 4828:Nicholas V 4793:Gregory XI 4778:Clement VI 4713:Innocent V 4703:Clement IV 4678:Gregory IX 4632:Lucius III 4612:Eugene III 4577:Paschal II 4567:Victor III 4547:Stephen IX 4532:Damasus II 4527:Clement II 4522:Gregory VI 4497:Sergius IV 4492:John XVIII 4442:Benedict V 4427:Marinus II 4352:Stephen VI 4332:Adrian III 4312:Nicholas I 4297:Sergius II 4292:Gregory IV 4272:Stephen IV 4236:Stephen II 4221:Gregory II 4141:Theodore I 4126:Honorius I 4121:Boniface V 4086:Benedict I 4076:Pelagius I 4061:Agapetus I 4021:Gelasius I 4011:Simplicius 3996:Sixtus III 3986:Boniface I 3976:Innocent I 3840:Zephyrinus 3754:Pope-elect 3730:non-extant 2107:Lingonensi 2103:Lugdunensi 2059:1 February 1800:References 1764:Knightfall 1755:Jim Carter 1746:, and the 1711:John Gower 1696:highwayman 1640:Palestrina 1544:newspapers 1490:In culture 1323:De Casibus 1203:status quo 1153:papal bull 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IV 4823:Eugene IV 4768:John XXII 4763:Clement V 4733:Martin IV 4708:Gregory X 4637:Urban III 4622:Adrian IV 4607:Lucius II 4542:Victor II 4487:John XVII 4477:Gregory V 4452:John XIII 4337:Stephen V 4327:Marinus I 4322:John VIII 4317:Adrian II 4287:Valentine 4282:Eugene II 4277:Paschal I 4211:Sisinnius 4196:Sergius I 4131:Severinus 4096:Gregory I 4066:Silverius 4036:Hormisdas 4031:Symmachus 4016:Felix III 3950:Damasus I 3925:Miltiades 3900:Eutychian 3890:Dionysius 3885:Sixtus II 3880:Stephen I 3870:Cornelius 3790:Evaristus 3785:Clement I 3780:Anacletus 3710:canonised 3705:graphical 3597:catalogue 3524:cite book 3490:cite book 3409:cite book 3331:cite book 3248:151457515 3195:cite book 2659:, p. 335. 2349:5 January 2320:889947793 1810:Citations 1805:Footnotes 1687:Decameron 1481:Character 1452:Malaucène 1434:in 1309, 1181:Pentecost 1094:Aquitaine 1053:. In the 1051:simoniacs 1045:, in the 1016:to enter 983:interdict 882:of 1302, 868:Miniature 854:Cardinals 803:canon law 797:Canon law 793:in 1303. 783:Ferentino 736:abdicated 623:Towcester 581:declared 578:benefices 570:from the 495:Rouchetus 444:monastery 329:canon law 322:simoniacs 285:abdicated 168:Martin IV 110:Successor 8577:HIV/AIDS 8071:Crusades 7825:Irenaeus 7818:Ignatius 7813:Polycarp 7663:Ministry 7651:(30–100) 7525:Timeline 7446:Category 7339:Opus Dei 7324:Scouting 7314:Focolare 7181:Servites 7166:Piarists 7111:Crosiers 6847:Anglican 6783:Armenian 6713:Romanian 6703:Maronite 6678:Georgian 6668:Eritrean 6653:Chaldean 6638:Armenian 6633:Albanian 6514:Superior 6473:Emeritus 6453:Diocesan 6306:Advisers 6265:Holy See 6191:Prophets 6149:Politics 5920:Catholic 5900:Councils 5755:Theology 5634:Crusades 5569:Nicaea I 5500:Apostles 5478:Ministry 5447:Timeline 5427:Glossary 5351:Category 5325:Cold War 5099:Pius XII 5079:Leo XIII 5054:Pius VII 4923:Sixtus V 4888:Paul III 4863:Pius III 4818:Martin V 4798:Urban VI 4723:John XXI 4718:Adrian V 4698:Urban IV 4572:Urban II 4507:John XIX 4467:John XIV 4447:Leo VIII 4437:John XII 4342:Formosus 4251:Adrian I 4206:John VII 4156:Vitalian 4151:Eugene I 4146:Martin I 4101:Sabinian 4081:John III 4071:Vigilius 4046:Felix IV 4006:Hilarius 3955:Siricius 3945:Liberius 3940:Julius I 3920:Eusebius 3875:Lucius I 3835:Victor I 3820:Anicetus 3800:Sixtus I 3737:Antipope 3228:Traditio 2269:see also 1772:See also 1721:exemplum 1704:Florence 1606:Florence 1416:chasuble 1270:Narbonne 1253:a letter 1010:Florence 770:accessio 706:commenda 614:Boulogne 552:Provence 517:Cardinal 452:Velletri 401:baronial 353:Holy See 277:baronial 153:by 8542:Judaism 7942:Vulgate 7752:Gospels 7727:Stephen 7644:Origins 7564:Vulgate 7500:General 7490:of the 7488:History 7411:Schools 7367:Caritas 7275:Secular 7241:Workers 7136:Jesuits 6922:Museums 6917:Library 6895:Writers 6890:Artists 6870:Culture 6837:Paul VI 6718:Russian 6708:Melkite 6550:Brother 6528:General 6468:Titular 6438:Primate 6416:Eparchy 6406:Diocese 6353:Outline 6292:College 6282:Francis 6226:Virgins 6201:Martyrs 6127:Science 6034:History 5989:Penance 5974:Baptism 5875:Worship 5848:Vulgate 5796:Kingdom 5791:Trinity 5779:General 5534:Primacy 5442:History 5422:Outline 5244:Perugia 5238:Orvieto 5232:Viterbo 5129:Francis 5109:Paul VI 5094:Pius XI 5074:Pius IX 5059:Leo XII 5049:Pius VI 4908:Pius IV 4903:Paul IV 4843:Paul II 4838:Pius II 4788:Urban V 4472:John XV 4417:Leo VII 4412:John XI 4367:John IX 4357:Romanus 4256:Leo III 4231:Zachary 4201:John VI 4136:John IV 4056:John II 3981:Zosimus 3895:Felix I 3860:Anterus 3855:Pontian 3850:Urban I 3810:Hyginus 3687:of the 3603:in the 3593:in the 3361:. 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