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1320:(author), as a subject for investigation. By reading it thoroughly and critically, the disciples learned to appreciate the theories of the author. Other documents related to the book would be referenced, such as Church councils, papal letters and anything else written on the subject, be it ancient or contemporary. The points of disagreement and contention between multiple sources would be written down in individual sentences or snippets of text, known as
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1098:, whose artful synthesis of Greek rationalism and Christian doctrine eventually came to define Catholic philosophy. Aquinas placed more emphasis on reason and argumentation, and was one of the first to use the new translation of Aristotle's metaphysical and epistemological writing. This was a significant departure from the
763:(815–877), one of the founders of scholasticism. Eriugena was the most significant Irish intellectual of the early monastic period and an outstanding philosopher in terms of originality. He had considerable familiarity with the Greek language and translated many works into Latin, affording access to the
1211:
identifies with the philosophical and theological tradition stretching back to the time of St. Thomas. It focuses not only on exegesis of the historical
Aquinas but also on the articulation of a rigorous system of orthodox Thomism to be used as an instrument of critique of contemporary thought. Due
1035:
writes "Not only was the structure of the Arabic language radically different from that of Latin, but some Arabic versions had been derived from earlier Syriac translations and were thus twice removed from the original Greek text. Word-for-word translations of such Arabic texts could produce tortured
1203:
Thomistic scholasticism has been continuous since the time of
Aquinas: "Thomism was always alive in the Dominican Order, small as it was after the ravages of the Reformation, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic occupation. Repeated legislation of the General Chapters, beginning after the death
513:; a topic drawn from the tradition is broached in the form of a question, oppositional responses are given, a counterproposal is argued and oppositional arguments rebutted. Because of its emphasis on rigorous dialectical method, scholasticism was eventually applied to many other fields of study.
1412:). Arguments for the position taken would be presented in turn, followed by arguments against the position, and finally the arguments against would be refuted. This method forced scholars to consider opposing viewpoints and defend their own arguments against them.
1403:
method of reasoning was initially used especially when two authoritative texts seemed to contradict one another. Two contradictory propositions would be considered in the form of an either/or question, and each part of the question would have to be approved
1328:, the two sides of an argument would be made whole so that they would be found to be in agreement and not contradictory. (Of course, sometimes opinions would be totally rejected, or new positions proposed.) This was done in two ways. The first was through
1031:'s translations and editions of Greek philosophical texts in the middle half of the thirteenth century helped form a clearer picture of Greek philosophy, particularly of Aristotle, than was given by the Arabic versions on which they had previously relied.
1067:, incorporating only a little of Aristotle in with the more neoplatonist elements. Following Anselm, Bonaventure supposed that reason can only discover truth when philosophy is illuminated by religious faith. Other important Franciscan scholastics were
516:
Scholasticism was initially a program conducted by medieval
Christian thinkers attempting to harmonize the various authorities of their own tradition, and to reconcile Christian theology with classical and late antiquity philosophy, especially that of
1042:
developed in the large cities of Europe during this period, and rival clerical orders within the church began to battle for political and intellectual control over these centers of educational life. The two main orders founded in this period were the
1306:
Cornelius O'Boyle explained that
Scholasticism focuses on how to acquire knowledge and how to communicate effectively so that it may be acquired by others. It was thought that the best way to achieve this was by replicating the discovery process
1336:
might have intended a certain word to mean something different. Ambiguity could be used to find common ground between two otherwise contradictory statements. The second was through logical analysis, which relied on the rules of formal
1396:. In this case, the teacher responded and the students rebutted; on the following day the teacher, having used notes taken during the disputation, summarised all arguments and presented his final position, riposting all rebuttals.
1027:. Schools of translation grew up in Italy and Sicily, and eventually in the rest of Europe. Powerful Norman kings gathered men of knowledge from Italy and other areas into their courts as a sign of their prestige.
744:, attracted the scholars of England and Ireland, where some Greek works continued to survive in the original. By a 787 decree, he established schools at every abbey in his empire. These schools, from which the name
1102:
and
Augustinian thinking that had dominated much of early scholasticism. Aquinas showed how it was possible to incorporate much of the philosophy of Aristotle without falling into the "errors" of the Commentator,
1254:
or act of existence of finite beings by participating in being itself. Other scholars such as those involved with the "Progetto
Tommaso" seek to establish an objective and universal reading of Aquinas' texts.
1878:
Grant, Edward, and
Emeritus Edward Grant. The foundations of modern science in the Middle Ages: their religious, institutional and intellectual contexts. Cambridge University Press, 1996, 23–28
1286:. Attempts emerged to combine elements of scholastic and analytic methodology in pursuit of a contemporary philosophical synthesis. Proponents of various incarnations of this approach include
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2409:] (in Dutch). With contributions by T. Theo J. Pleizier, Pieter L. Rouwendal, and Maarten Wisse; Translated by Albert Gootjes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Reformation Heritage Books.
509:. Scholastic thought is also known for rigorous conceptual analysis and the careful drawing of distinctions. In the classroom and in writing, it often takes the form of explicit
474:
in the
Western world. Scholasticism dominated education in Europe from about 1100 to 1700. The rise of scholasticism was closely associated with these schools that flourished in
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1212:
to its suspicion of attempts to harmonize
Aquinas with non-Thomistic categories and assumptions, Scholastic Thomism has sometimes been called, according to philosophers like
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of St. Thomas, as well as the
Constitutions of the Order, required all Dominicans to teach the doctrine of St. Thomas both in philosophy and in theology."
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1485:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). On the difference between scholastic and medieval monastic postures towards learning, see Jean Leclercq,
12574:
4387:
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1221:
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949:, and others have argued against the idea that scholasticism primarily derived from philosophical contact, emphasizing its continuity with earlier
942:
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The 13th and early 14th centuries are generally seen as the high period of scholasticism. The early 13th century witnessed the culmination of the
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2066:
Gracia, Jorge JE, and Timothy B. Noone, eds. A companion to philosophy in the middle ages. John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 353–369, 494–503, 696–712
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567:(1265–1274) is considered to be the pinnacle of scholastic, medieval, and Christian philosophy; it began while Aquinas was regent master at the
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During this period, knowledge of Ancient Greek had vanished in the West except in Ireland, where its teaching and use was fairly common in its
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Winter, Tim J. "Introduction." Introduction. The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008. 4–5. Print.
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Thomistic scholasticism in the English speaking world went into decline in the 1970s when the Thomistic revival that had been spearheaded by
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Hannam, James. The genesis of science: How the Christian Middle Ages launched the scientific revolution. Simon and Schuster, 2011, 90–93
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readings. By contrast, the structural closeness of Latin to Greek, permitted literal, but intelligible, word-for-word translations."
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that attempted to reconcile the use of classical pagan and philosophical sources in a medieval Christian concept using the kludge of
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and William avoided a similar fate through systematic self-bowdlerization of his early work, but his commentaries and encyclopedic
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on Muslim philosophers. In the case of Aquinas, for instance, see Jan Aertsen, "Aquinas' philosophy in its historical setting" in
1392:
Questions to be disputed were ordinarily announced beforehand, but students could propose a question to the teacher unannounced –
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1353:: a teacher would read an authoritative text followed by a commentary, but no questions were permitted. This was followed by the
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The revival and development from the second half of the 19th century of medieval scholastic philosophy is sometimes called neo-
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Gracia, Jorge JE, and Timothy B. Noone, eds. A companion to philosophy in the middle ages. John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 55–64
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in 1215, to propagate and defend Christian doctrine, placed more emphasis on the use of reason and made extensive use of the
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largely adopted the scholastic method of theology, while differing regarding sources of authority and content of theology.
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traveled to Spain and Sicily, translating works on astronomy and mathematics, including the first complete translation of
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583:. Important work in the scholastic tradition has been carried on well past Aquinas's time, such as English scholastics
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through his logical and theological essays, and later forerunners (and then companions) to scholasticism were Islamic
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802:" of many Greek works which had been lost to the Latin West. As early as the latter half of the 10th century, the
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Scholasticism is a method of learning more than a philosophy or a theology, since it places a strong emphasis on
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1341:– as they were known at the time – to show that contradictions did not exist but were subjective to the reader.
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surface meanings as coverings disguising a deeper (and more orthodox) truth. Abelard himself was condemned by
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derived from the East and Moorish Spain. The great representatives of Dominican thinking in this period were
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1250:(1964– ) among others. Fabro in particular emphasizes Aquinas' originality, especially with respect to the
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1216:, "Strict Observance Thomism". A discussion of recent and current Thomistic scholasticism can be found in
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A renewed interest in the "scholastic" way of doing philosophy has recently awoken in the confines of the
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in the 12th century, Spain opened even further for Christian scholars and, as these Europeans encountered
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Campbell, Timothy P.; Harrison, Timothy M.; McDonagh, Josephine; Saltzman, Benjamin A., eds. (May 1950).
1560:, ed. Norman Kretzmann and Eleonore Stump (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). Jean Leclerq,
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analysis. Words were examined and argued to have multiple meanings. It was also considered that the
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Madeleine Pelner Cosman, Linda Gale Jones, Handbook to Life in the Medieval World, p. 391.
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or reflection) in which students reflected on and appropriated the text. Finally, in the
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Theologians and Contract Law: The Moral Transformation of the Ius Commune (c. 1500–1650)
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818:, they opened a wealth of Arab and Judaic knowledge of mathematics and astronomy. The
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1324:. Once the sources and points of disagreement had been laid out through a series of
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means "of or pertaining to schools". The "scholastics" were, roughly, "schoolmen".
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771:. Three other primary founders of scholasticism were the 11th-century archbishops
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212:
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2783:, article by James Franklin on the influence of scholasticism on later thought
2265:
Simpson, William M. R.; Koons, Robert C.; Orr, James, eds. (11 October 2021).
1974:
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1481:
See Steven P. Marone, "Medieval philosophy in context" in A. S. McGrade, ed.,
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46:
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2424:
Clagett, Marshall (1982). "William of Moerbeke: Translator of Archimedes".
2312:
The art of medicine: medical teaching at the University of Paris, 1250–1400
2097:
1422:
1213:
1099:
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had begun translating Arabic texts into Latin. After a successful burst of
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theology, these monastic schools became the basis of the earliest European
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2006:
1989:
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himself was ... together with John Scotus Erigena (9th century), and
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2798:– Huge database with information on biography, text chronology, editions.
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Ed. Daniel Patte. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 11132-1133
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Scholastic instruction consisted of several elements. The first was the
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Medieval foundations of the western intellectual tradition, 400–1400.
1768:
Medieval foundations of the western intellectual tradition, 400–1400.
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Knowledge True and Useful: A Cultural History of Early Scholasticism
2610:(2nd ed.). Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
724:
The first significant renewal of learning in the West came with the
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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667:
419:
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179:
101:
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had become a quest to understand the historical Aquinas after the
1231:, which includes such figures as Sofia Vanni Rovighi (1908–1990),
671:
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An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
8557:
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4848:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
4291:
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1659:. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 490.
1316:
835:
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The scholasticists would choose a book by a renowned scholar,
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By contrast, the Dominican order, a teaching order founded by
759:, where they were renowned for their learning. Among them was
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608:
1657:
The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy (Gifford Lectures 1933–35)
12679:
6271:
5990:
2376:
1854:(both 11th century), one of the founders of scholasticism."
607:
The terms "scholastic" and "scholasticism" derive from the
2217:. Rome: Millennium Romae. pp. 157–161. Archived from
1489:(New York: Fordham University Press, 1970) esp. 89; 238ff.
10414:
4737:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2736:
2022:
1857:
1218:
La Metafisica di san Tommaso d'Aquino e i suoi interpreti
938:
or opinions of the Church Fathers and other authorities.
2795:
2781:
The genius of the scholastics and the orbit of Aristotle
2364:
2352:
666:
The foundations of Christian scholasticism were laid by
12664:
2268:
Neo-Aristotelian Metaphysics and the Theology of Nature
1055:
in 1209. Their leader in the middle of the century was
1881:
4768:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1990:"Toward a Cultural History of Scholastic Disputation"
466:, and thus became the bedrock for the development of
2511:
The Art of Gothic: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting
2213:. In Giacomo Grasso, O.P.; Stefano Serafini (eds.).
1913:, Vol. 4, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.
915:
on Scripture, followed by the rise to prominence of
755:. Irish scholars had a considerable presence in the
2040:Hammond, Jay, Wayne Hellmann, and Jared Goff, eds.
1800:
1798:
1796:
3841:
3319:On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration
2603:
30:"Scholastics" redirects here. For other uses, see
3524:
3447:
2687:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
2426:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
2102:"The Thomistic tradition, Part I (archived copy)"
599:, and also among Lutheran and Reformed thinkers.
12777:
4838:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2787:Medieval Philosophy, Universities and the Church
2646:Protestant Scholasticism: Essays in Reassessment
2198:. Treccani Encyclopedia./ Accessed 9 April 2013
1793:
1298:can be seen as a pioneer part of this movement.
1059:, a traditionalist who defended the theology of
2644:Trueman, Carl R; Clark, R. Scott, eds. (1999).
2264:
2155:"Edward Feser: The Thomistic tradition, Part I"
1874:
1872:
1506:
1504:
953:. This remains, however, a minority viewpoint.
2484:The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
2129:"The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey"
1483:The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
748:derived, became centers of medieval learning.
434:. Christian scholasticism emerged within the
11576:
11562:
9466:
8843:
7988:
7184:
5102:
3827:
2817:
2796:ALCUIN – Regensburger Infothek der Scholastik
2591:"Medieval Intellectual Life and Christianity"
2468:Gracia, J. G. and Noone, T. B., eds., (2003)
2240:Peterson, Craig; Pugh, Matthew, eds. (2006).
577:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
396:
3595:
2470:A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages
2341:
2339:
2239:
2096:
1869:
1501:
1564:(New York: Fordham University Press, 1970).
1562:The Love of Learning and the Desire for God
1487:The Love of Learning and the Desire for God
1277:
1132:
896:
888:
870:
613:
11569:
11555:
9473:
9459:
8850:
8836:
8712:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
8002:
7995:
7981:
7191:
7177:
7031:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
5109:
5095:
4853:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4803:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
3834:
3820:
2824:
2810:
2397:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2242:Analytical Thomism: traditions in dialogue
1789:. Cambridge University Press. p. 438.
1377:became a method of inquiry apart from the
1369:) that might have occurred to them during
1190:
903:were miscredited to earlier scholars like
426:of philosophical analysis predicated upon
403:
389:
50:14th-century image of a university lecture
2723:Learn how and when to remove this message
2403:Inleiding in de Gereformeerde Scholastiek
2336:
2309:
2276:
2126:
2005:
1835:
1833:
1512:The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity.
1344:
1154:
1143:
8857:
2776:Yahoo! directory category: Scholasticism
2742:Medieval Philosophy Electronic Resources
2494:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2489:
2486:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2208:
2057:Routledge, 2002, 93–93, 147–149, 164–169
2028:
1987:
1940:"Peter Lombard, Master of the Sentences"
1911:A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps
1863:
1381:and independent of authoritative texts.
1110:
45:
7198:
2423:
2299:– via Taylor & Francis Group.
2186:Encyclopedia./ Accessed 17 August 2013
1899:
1887:
1733:
1385:were arranged to resolve controversial
1235:(1911–1995), Carlo Giacon (1900–1984),
14:
12778:
5490:
2544:Hyman, J.; Walsh, J. J., eds. (1973).
2407:Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism
1830:
1779:
1654:
1648:
1207:Thomistic scholasticism or scholastic
820:Latin translations of the 12th century
798:This period saw the beginning of the "
685:
674:, meaning "science of discourse", and
11550:
11212:
9954:
9492:
9454:
8831:
7976:
7172:
5090:
3815:
3666:
3575:
2805:
2567:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2508:
2108:from the original on 29 November 2010
1937:
1839:
1527:Cambridge University Press, 2004, 159
1439:History of science in the Middle Ages
1246:(1925–2012), Leo Elders (1926– ) and
1121:
956:
422:school of philosophy that employed a
12791:Philosophical schools and traditions
3373:On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias
2667:
2629:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2563:Schoedinger, Andrew B., ed. (1996).
2548:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.
2349:Yale University Press, 1999, 265–273
1645:Cambridge University Press, 2004, 56
1301:
1172:
919:(the middle subject of the medieval
830:in Constantinople. Scholars such as
9435:
8880:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
5116:
4707:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2831:
2648:. Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Press.
1956:Introduction to Scholastic Theology
1952:
1811:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
911:systematized the production of the
24:
8972:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
4262:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
3734:Transmission of the Greek Classics
2532:
2090:
1786:A History of Classical Scholarship
1770:Yale University Press, 1999, 66–67
1643:God and Reason in the Middle Ages.
1558:The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas
1525:God and Reason in the Middle Ages.
1051:. The Franciscans were founded by
73:
25:
12842:
12760:Western European and Others Group
9402:Historiography in the Middle Ages
3408:The Situations and Names of Winds
2663:
2463:The Early Palaeologan Renaissance
1290:, Peter King, Thomas Williams or
533:("the father of scholasticism"),
525:. The Scholastics, also known as
11530:
11529:
11516:
9434:
9425:
9424:
9414:
7955:
7943:
7837:Stratification of emotional life
7286:
7280:
7274:
7153:
7152:
7141:
7109:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
6657:Criticism of the Catholic Church
5069:
5057:
4388:Fourth Council of Constantinople
4343:Second Council of Constantinople
3794:
3784:
3783:
2763:Joseph Rickaby, (1908), 121 pp.
2672:
2513:. photography by Achim Bednorz.
2450:, Leiden/Boston, Brill/Nijhoff,
1988:Novikoff, Alex J. (April 2012).
1007:
993:
979:
965:
708:
694:
446:. Endeavoring to harmonize his
370:
358:
12806:Christianity in the Middle Ages
12796:Christian theological movements
8900:Christianity in the Middle Ages
8895:Decline of Hellenistic religion
5276:First seven ecumenical councils
4358:Third Council of Constantinople
4282:First Council of Constantinople
3314:On Length and Shortness of Life
2565:Readings in Medieval Philosophy
2303:
2258:
2244:. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
2233:
2201:
2189:
2173:
2147:
2120:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2047:
2034:
1981:
1946:
1931:
1893:
1773:
1758:
1742:
1673:
1548:, and through the influence of
1459:Renaissance of the 12th century
1373:. Eventually the discussion of
575:in Rome, the forerunner of the
529:, included as its main figures
12801:Catholicism in the Middle Ages
9480:
9178:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
8652:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
5851:Separation of church and state
4597:Dissolution of the monasteries
3863:History of the Catholic Church
2904:Correspondence theory of truth
2391:
1994:The American Historical Review
1635:
1587:
1567:
1530:
1517:
1492:
1475:
1365:students could ask questions (
13:
1:
11213:
9352:Disability in the Middle Ages
9025:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
8957:Rise of the Venetian Republic
8533:Principle of compositionality
4471:Fourth Council of the Lateran
4446:Second Council of the Lateran
4055:Apostles in the New Testament
3250:Constitution of the Athenians
2737:Scholasticon by Jacob Schmutz
2589:Gallatin, Harlie Kay (2001).
2546:Philosophy in the Middle Ages
1469:
1242:(1950–1990), Abelardo Lobato
636:), an adjective derived from
27:Medieval school of philosophy
11002:Ordinary language philosophy
9493:
8682:Philosophical Investigations
4585:Catholic Counter-Reformation
4451:Third Council of the Lateran
4441:First Council of the Lateran
3897:Catholic ecumenical councils
3152:On Generation and Corruption
2772:in The Catholic Encyclopedia
2482:McGrade, A. S., ed., (2003)
2055:Fifty key medieval thinkers.
1025:recovery of Greek philosophy
804:Toledo School of Translators
645:
631:
619:, the Latinized form of the
602:
444:collected works of Aristotle
7:
11052:Contemporary utilitarianism
10967:Internalism and externalism
8523:Modality (natural language)
7429:Theological intellectualism
2490:Lindberg, David C. (1978).
2310:Cornelius, O'Boyle (1998).
2209:Rizzello, Raffaele (1999).
2042:A companion to Bonaventure.
1692:Online Etymology Dictionary
1601:University of Chicago Press
1429:Allegory in the Middle Ages
1415:
1165:Following the Reformation,
822:also included figures like
769:Greek theological tradition
438:that translated scholastic
156:Libri Quattuor Sententiarum
10:
12847:
10316:Svatantrika and Prasangika
9955:
9153:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
8662:Language, Truth, and Logic
8402:Theological noncognitivism
8287:Contrast theory of meaning
8282:Causal theory of reference
8013:Index of language articles
7807:Principle of double effect
7148:Catholic Church portal
3931:History of the Roman Curia
3393:On Marvellous Things Heard
3012:Potentiality and actuality
2602:Maurer, Armand A. (1982).
2492:Science in the Middle Ages
1707:
1699:
1614:10.1086/mp.1950.47.issue-4
1394:disputationes de quodlibet
1176:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1114:
816:Judeo-Islamic philosophies
661:
638:
624:
440:Judeo-Islamic philosophies
36:
29:
12530:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
12510:
12428:
12265:
12100:
11971:Standard Average European
11839:
11668:
11588:
11510:
11462:
11362:
11324:
11271:
11238:
11229:
11225:
11208:
11158:
11070:
10908:
10899:
10832:
10615:
10606:
10584:
10539:
10481:
10433:
10387:
10378:
10341:
10212:
10077:
10024:
10015:
9965:
9961:
9950:
9889:
9861:
9818:
9770:
9727:
9680:
9652:
9604:
9576:
9538:Philosophy of mathematics
9528:Philosophy of information
9503:
9499:
9488:
9410:
9339:
9198:
9093:
9080:Mongol invasion of Europe
8985:
8865:
8802:
8747:Philosophy of information
8734:
8583:
8435:
8347:Mediated reference theory
8272:
8019:
8010:
7938:
7877:
7674:
7451:
7421:
7383:
7340:
7302:
7295:
7272:
7206:
7136:
7074:Aid to the Church in Need
7064:
6921:
6734:
6695:Vatican Television Center
6670:
6580:
6470:
6340:Eastern Catholic Churches
6321:
6210:
6103:
6050:
5975:
5946:
5871:
5796:
5731:
5676:
5595:
5465:
5379:
5311:
5256:
5175:
5152:
5124:
5052:
4952:
4818:
4745:
4680:
4667:European wars of religion
4564:
4499:
4401:
4323:
4214:
4137:
3997:
3986:
3978:Eastern Catholic Churches
3853:
3779:
3756:Commentaries on Aristotle
3726:
3440:
3343:
3327:
3279:
3258:
3224:
3208:
3170:
3132:
3089:
3080:
2865:
2839:
2215:Vita quaerens intellectum
2127:Weisheipl, James (1962).
2053:Evans, Gillian Rosemary.
1580:Dictionary.com Unabridged
931:produced a collection of
907:and widely disseminated.
875:, treating the obviously
442:, and "rediscovered" the
12670:Lancaster House Treaties
12160:Christian existentialism
12120:Ancient Roman philosophy
12110:Ancient Greek philosophy
8672:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
7016:Communion and Liberation
6480:Eastern Catholic liturgy
5645:Mystici Corporis Christi
5573:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
4798:Mary of the Divine Heart
4421:Clash against the empire
4373:Second Council of Nicaea
4267:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2159:edwardfeser.blogspot.com
1655:Gilson, Etienne (1991).
1454:Pardes (Jewish exegesis)
1278:Analytical Scholasticism
1139:Protestant Scholasticism
1133:Protestant Scholasticism
1088:new Aristotelian sources
865:and a range of works by
761:Johannes Scotus Eriugena
333:Protestant scholasticism
37:Not to be confused with
12448:Equality before the law
11655:Romano-Germanic culture
11007:Postanalytic philosophy
10948:Experimental philosophy
9035:Investiture Controversy
9005:Second Bulgarian Empire
8473:Use–mention distinction
8317:Direct reference theory
7434:Theological voluntarism
5831:Philosophy of canon law
5761:Mariology of the saints
5341:Investiture Controversy
5064:Vatican City portal
4416:Investiture Controversy
4272:First Council of Nicaea
3124:Sophistical Refutations
2752:Encyclopædia Britannica
2625:Rexroth, Frank (2023).
2278:10.4324/9781003125860-3
2271:. New York: Routledge.
1806:"John Scottus Eriugena"
1723:A Greek–English Lexicon
1199:emphasizes, within the
1191:Thomistic Scholasticism
824:Constantine the African
726:Carolingian Renaissance
561:. Aquinas's masterwork
501:to extend knowledge by
424:critical organic method
345:Protoscholastic writing
269:("Doctor Scholasticus")
227:("Doctor Invincibilis")
12610:Eastern European Group
12199:Continental philosophy
12130:Judeo-Christian ethics
12115:Hellenistic philosophy
11596:Cradle of civilization
11140:Social constructionism
10152:Hellenistic philosophy
9568:Theoretical philosophy
9543:Philosophy of religion
9533:Philosophy of language
9392:Post-classical history
9148:Fall of Constantinople
9055:Capet–Plantagenet feud
8922:First Bulgarian Empire
8407:Theory of descriptions
8342:Linguistic determinism
8004:Philosophy of language
7950:Catholicism portal
7084:Catholic Charities USA
6718:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
6706:Vatican Polyglot Press
5756:Mariology of the popes
5394:Protestant Reformation
5076:Catholicism portal
4887:Second Vatican Council
4773:Our Lady of La Salette
4580:Protestant Reformation
4567:Protestant Reformation
4486:Second Council of Lyon
3875:Ecclesiastical history
3309:On Divination in Sleep
2995:Horror vacui (physics)
2085:Douglass, Jane Dempsey
1942:. Ligonier Ministries.
1345:Scholastic instruction
1272:Second Vatican Council
1161:Reformed scholasticism
1155:Reformed Scholasticism
1150:Lutheran scholasticism
1144:Lutheran Scholasticism
1063:and the philosophy of
951:Patristic Christianity
897:
889:
871:
847:At the same time, the
614:
591:, and for instance by
377:Catholicism portal
245:("Doctor Universalis")
78:
51:
18:Scholastic philosopher
12821:Christian terminology
12730:Three Seas Initiative
12705:Pacific Islands Forum
12570:British–Irish Council
12318:Greek Orthodox Church
11777:Industrial Revolution
11747:Scientific Revolution
11523:Philosophy portal
11042:Scientific skepticism
11022:Reformed epistemology
9548:Philosophy of science
8518:Mental representation
8453:Linguistic relativity
8337:Inquisitive semantics
7962:Philosophy portal
7777:Infused righteousness
6838:Good Shepherd Sisters
6680:Holy See Press Office
5918:Doctors of the Church
5751:Immaculate Conception
5706:Anointing of the Sick
5241:History of the papacy
4783:First Vatican Council
4481:First Council of Lyon
4245:Constantine the Great
3941:Christian monasticism
3801:Philosophy portal
3423:Rhetoric to Alexander
2765:(also at googlebooks)
2472:. London: Blackwell,
2399:van Asselt, Willem J.
2211:"Il Progetto Tommaso"
2007:10.1086/ahr.117.2.331
1714:Liddell, Henry George
1536:Particularly through
1111:Spanish Scholasticism
499:dialectical reasoning
464:medieval universities
450:and its account of a
365:Philosophy portal
339:Problem of universals
257:("Doctor Seraphicus")
77:
49:
12826:Western Christianity
12725:Special Relationship
12135:Christian philosophy
12080:Western Christianity
11742:Age of Enlightenment
11616:Hellenistic Kingdoms
10943:Critical rationalism
10650:Edo neo-Confucianism
10494:Acintya bheda abheda
10473:Renaissance humanism
10184:School of the Sextii
9558:Practical philosophy
9553:Political philosophy
9372:Medieval reenactment
9168:Renaissance Humanism
9075:Medieval Warm Period
9045:Republic of Florence
8859:European Middle Ages
8702:Naming and Necessity
8612:De Arte Combinatoria
8411:Definite description
8372:Semantic externalism
7910:Doctor of the Church
7792:Ontological argument
6711:L'Osservatore Romano
6649:Role in civilisation
6375:Croatian and Serbian
6123:Episcopal conference
6085:St. Peter's Basilica
5443:Sexual abuse scandal
5399:Catholic Reformation
4960:Sexual abuse scandal
4869:Mit brennender Sorge
4712:Age of Enlightenment
4491:Bernard of Clairvaux
4368:Byzantine Iconoclasm
4307:Council of Chalcedon
4087:Council of Jerusalem
3956:Role in civilization
3936:Religious institutes
3868:By country or region
3512:Andronicus of Rhodes
3413:On Virtues and Vices
3368:On Indivisible Lines
3289:Sense and Sensibilia
3259:Rhetoric and poetics
3072:mathematical realism
2693:improve this article
2509:Toman, Rolf (2007).
2221:on 28 September 2013
2180:Vanni Rovighi, Sofia
2135:on 27 September 2013
1852:Anselm of Canterbury
1248:Giovanni Ventimiglia
1128:Second scholasticism
891:De Philosophia Mundi
885:1141 Council of Sens
881:Bernard of Clairvaux
702:Anselm of Canterbury
531:Anselm of Canterbury
261:Anselm of Canterbury
215:("Doctor Angelicus")
195:John Scotus Eriugena
12750:West Nordic Council
12615:Eastern Partnership
12204:Analytic philosophy
11905:Classical tradition
11727:Early modern period
11683:Classical antiquity
11678:European Bronze Age
10514:Nimbarka Sampradaya
10425:Korean Confucianism
10172:Academic Skepticism
9085:Kingdom of Portugal
8952:Old Church Slavonic
8937:Anglo-Saxon England
8752:Philosophical logic
8742:Analytic philosophy
8548:Sense and reference
8427:Verification theory
8382:Situation semantics
7737:Divine illumination
7393:Augustinian realism
7261:Theological virtues
7200:Catholic philosophy
7046:Neocatechumenal Way
7011:Charismatic Renewal
6725:Annuario Pontificio
6323:Particular churches
5999:Ecumenical councils
5771:Perpetual virginity
5606:Communitas perfecta
5550:Sermon on the Mount
4788:Papal infallibility
4778:Our Lady of Lourdes
4727:Shimabara Rebellion
4571:Counter-Reformation
3482:Strato of Lampsacus
3114:Posterior Analytics
2866:Ideas and interests
2705:footnote references
2606:Medieval Philosophy
2597:on 1 February 2009.
2444:Decock, W. (2013),
2100:(15 October 2009).
1953:Leinsle, Ulrich G.
1938:Hoffecker, Andrew.
1906:Medieval Philosophy
1816:Stanford University
1444:Medieval philosophy
1284:analytic philosophy
1195:As J. A. Weisheipl
1117:School of Salamanca
1029:William of Moerbeke
855:'s commentaries on
853:Bernard of Chartres
765:Cappadocian Fathers
686:Early Scholasticism
569:studium provinciale
263:("Doctor Marianus")
239:("The Commentator")
221:("Doctor Subtilis")
12209:Post-structuralism
12172:Christian humanism
11802:Universal suffrage
11135:Post-structuralism
11037:Scientific realism
10992:Quinean naturalism
10972:Logical positivism
10928:Analytical Marxism
10147:Peripatetic school
10059:Chinese naturalism
9586:Aesthetic response
9513:Applied philosophy
9266:In popular culture
9231:Crusading movement
9103:Hundred Years' War
8962:Civitas Schinesghe
8947:Carolingian Empire
8932:Kingdom of Croatia
8885:Barbarian kingdoms
8602:Port-Royal Grammar
8498:Family resemblance
8417:Theory of language
8392:Supposition theory
7905:Islamic philosophy
7859:Trademark argument
7752:Formal distinction
7702:Augustinian values
7375:Analytical Thomism
7355:Christian humanism
6883:Premonstratensians
5266:Ante-Nicene period
5144:Lists of Catholics
4833:Our Lady of Fátima
4622:Ignatius of Loyola
4546:Catherine of Siena
4514:Pope Boniface VIII
4333:Benedict of Nursia
4302:Council of Ephesus
4139:Ante-Nicene period
4092:Split with Judaism
3926:Crusading movement
3526:Islamic Golden Age
3449:Peripatetic school
3235:Nicomachean Ethics
2930:Future contingents
2515:Tandem Verlag GmbH
2345:Colish, Marcia L.
1781:Sandys, John Edwin
1596:"Modern Philology"
1296:Analytical Thomism
1122:Late Scholasticism
957:High Scholasticism
867:William of Conches
849:School of Chartres
585:Robert Grosseteste
539:Alexander of Hales
313:Islamic philosophy
233:("Doctor Eximius")
175:Augustine of Hippo
79:
52:
12773:
12772:
12600:Council of Europe
12502:International law
12455:Constitutionalism
12313:Eastern Orthodoxy
11819:Post–Cold War era
11752:Age of Revolution
11606:Greco-Roman world
11544:
11543:
11506:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11498:
11497:
11204:
11203:
11200:
11199:
11196:
11195:
10923:Analytic feminism
10895:
10894:
10857:Kierkegaardianism
10819:Transcendentalism
10779:Neo-scholasticism
10625:Classical Realism
10602:
10601:
10374:
10373:
10189:Neopythagoreanism
9946:
9945:
9942:
9941:
9563:Social philosophy
9448:
9447:
9357:Basic topics list
9158:Swiss mercenaries
9108:Wars of the Roses
9015:Kingdom of Poland
9000:Holy Roman Empire
8867:Early Middle Ages
8825:
8824:
8327:Dynamic semantics
7970:
7969:
7885:Catholic theology
7832:Seven deadly sins
7802:Peripatetic axiom
7712:Cartesian dualism
7447:
7446:
7413:Scotistic realism
7370:Neo-scholasticism
7166:
7165:
6576:
6575:
5969:
5792:
5791:
5484:
5461:
5460:
5453:COVID-19 pandemic
5423:French Revolution
5413:Thirty Years' War
5321:Islamic conquests
5234:Apostolic fathers
5169:
5084:
5083:
5044:COVID-19 pandemic
5022:Pope Benedict XVI
4927:Pope John Paul II
4702:Pope Benedict XIV
4688:French Revolution
4672:Thirty Years' War
4662:Robert Bellarmine
4647:John of the Cross
4551:Pope Alexander VI
4536:Council of Vienne
4466:Francis of Assisi
4456:Pope Innocent III
4325:Early Middle Ages
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4257:Arian controversy
4210:
4209:
4158:Apostolic Fathers
3809:
3808:
3761:Metabasis paradox
3722:
3721:
3662:
3661:
3649:Pietro Pomponazzi
3591:
3590:
3571:
3570:
3520:
3519:
3472:Eudemus of Rhodes
3462:Clearchus of Soli
3436:
3435:
3104:On Interpretation
3047:Temporal finitism
2935:Genus–differentia
2892:Category of being
2733:
2732:
2725:
2636:978-1-5128-2471-1
2617:978-0-88844-704-3
2574:978-0-19-509293-6
2555:978-0-915144-05-1
2524:978-3-8331-4676-3
2501:978-0-226-48232-3
2456:978-90-04-23284-6
2416:978-1-60178-121-5
2385:, pp. 61–62.
2314:. Leiden: Brill.
2161:. 15 October 2009
2031:, pp. 70–72.
1924:978-0-19-884240-8
1866:, pp. 60–61.
1818:. 17 October 2004
1765:Colish, Marcia L.
1666:978-0-268-01740-8
1302:Scholastic method
1179:Neo-scholasticism
1173:Neo-Scholasticism
1094:and (especially)
1077:William of Ockham
1053:Francis of Assisi
1015:William of Ockham
923:) in the work of
730:Early Middle Ages
676:Jewish philosophy
551:William of Ockham
413:
412:
328:Neo-scholasticism
308:Catholic theology
225:William of Ockham
16:(Redirected from
12838:
12645:EU Customs Union
12177:Secular humanism
12125:Christian ethics
12075:East–West Schism
12058:Physical culture
11782:Great Divergence
11732:Age of Discovery
11571:
11564:
11557:
11548:
11547:
11533:
11532:
11521:
11520:
11519:
11236:
11235:
11227:
11226:
11210:
11209:
11100:Frankfurt School
11047:Transactionalism
10997:Normative ethics
10977:Legal positivism
10953:Falsificationism
10938:Consequentialism
10933:Communitarianism
10906:
10905:
10774:New Confucianism
10613:
10612:
10420:Neo-Confucianism
10385:
10384:
10194:Second Sophistic
10179:Middle Platonism
10022:
10021:
9963:
9962:
9952:
9951:
9795:Epiphenomenalism
9662:Consequentialism
9596:Institutionalism
9501:
9500:
9490:
9489:
9475:
9468:
9461:
9452:
9451:
9438:
9437:
9428:
9427:
9418:
9377:Medieval studies
9221:Church and State
9095:Late Middle Ages
8987:High Middle Ages
8905:Christianization
8875:Migration Period
8852:
8845:
8838:
8829:
8828:
8787:Formal semantics
8735:Related articles
8727:
8717:
8707:
8697:
8687:
8677:
8667:
8657:
8647:
8637:
8627:
8617:
8607:
8597:
8367:Relevance theory
8362:Phallogocentrism
7997:
7990:
7983:
7974:
7973:
7960:
7959:
7958:
7948:
7947:
7772:Homo unius libri
7717:Cogito, ergo sum
7707:Cardinal virtues
7408:Moderate realism
7300:
7299:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7283:
7278:
7277:
7216:Cardinal virtues
7193:
7186:
7179:
7170:
7169:
7156:
7155:
7146:
7145:
6888:Redemptoristines
6736:Religious orders
6662:Anti-Catholicism
6612:Church buildings
6472:Catholic liturgy
6212:Consecrated life
6070:Apostolic Palace
6037:Synod of Bishops
5973:
5972:
5949:
5555:Ten Commandments
5488:
5487:
5470:
5371:Age of Discovery
5205:Great Commission
5173:
5172:
5157:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5088:
5087:
5074:
5073:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5039:Patriarch Kirill
4912:Pope John Paul I
4717:Anti-clericalism
4697:Pope Innocent XI
4617:Society of Jesus
4602:Council of Trent
4556:Age of Discovery
4501:Late Middle Ages
4403:High Middle Ages
4393:East–West Schism
4277:Pope Sylvester I
4223:
4222:
4212:
4211:
4122:General epistles
4117:Pauline epistles
4050:John the Baptist
4033:Great Commission
3995:
3994:
3946:Catholic culture
3836:
3829:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3664:
3663:
3644:Jacopo Zabarella
3593:
3592:
3573:
3572:
3522:
3521:
3502:Diodorus of Tyre
3445:
3444:
3087:
3086:
3017:Substance theory
2978:Moderate realism
2972:Minima naturalia
2873:Active intellect
2826:
2819:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2640:
2621:
2609:
2598:
2593:. Archived from
2578:
2559:
2528:
2505:
2441:
2420:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2280:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2131:. Archived from
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2044:Brill, 2014, 122
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1802:
1791:
1790:
1777:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1571:
1565:
1538:Pseudo-Dionysius
1534:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1508:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1479:
1309:modus inveniendi
1260:Jacques Maritain
1230:
1011:
1010:
997:
996:
983:
982:
969:
968:
902:
894:
874:
753:monastic schools
712:
711:
698:
697:
648:
641:
640:
634:
627:
626:
617:
593:Francisco Suárez
587:and his student
564:Summa Theologica
436:monastic schools
405:
398:
391:
375:
374:
363:
362:
361:
303:Franciscan Order
231:Francisco Suárez
135:Summa Grammatica
121:Summa Theologica
54:
53:
21:
12846:
12845:
12841:
12840:
12839:
12837:
12836:
12835:
12831:Western culture
12776:
12775:
12774:
12769:
12735:UKUSA Agreement
12675:Lublin Triangle
12560:Baltic Assembly
12512:
12506:
12424:
12261:
12096:
11966:Eurolinguistics
11835:
11824:Information age
11797:Interwar period
11664:
11584:
11575:
11545:
11540:
11517:
11515:
11494:
11458:
11358:
11320:
11267:
11221:
11220:
11192:
11181:Russian cosmism
11154:
11150:Western Marxism
11115:New Historicism
11080:Critical theory
11066:
11062:Wittgensteinian
10958:Foundationalism
10891:
10828:
10809:Social contract
10665:Foundationalism
10598:
10580:
10564:Illuminationism
10549:Aristotelianism
10535:
10524:Vishishtadvaita
10477:
10429:
10370:
10337:
10208:
10137:Megarian school
10132:Eretrian school
10073:
10034:Agriculturalism
10011:
9957:
9938:
9885:
9857:
9814:
9766:
9723:
9707:Incompatibilism
9676:
9648:
9600:
9572:
9495:
9484:
9479:
9449:
9444:
9406:
9387:Neo-medievalism
9335:
9271:Itinerant court
9194:
9089:
9010:Georgian Empire
8995:Norman Conquest
8981:
8927:Frankish Empire
8861:
8856:
8826:
8821:
8798:
8777:School of Names
8730:
8725:
8715:
8705:
8695:
8692:Of Grammatology
8685:
8675:
8665:
8655:
8645:
8635:
8625:
8615:
8605:
8595:
8579:
8431:
8377:Semantic holism
8357:Non-cognitivism
8297:Conventionalism
8268:
8015:
8006:
8001:
7971:
7966:
7956:
7954:
7942:
7934:
7895:Aristotelianism
7873:
7722:Dehellenization
7670:
7443:
7439:Foundationalism
7417:
7379:
7336:
7291:
7287:
7285:
7281:
7279:
7275:
7270:
7256:Social teaching
7202:
7197:
7167:
7162:
7140:
7132:
7111:
7094:Relief Services
7060:
7006:Catholic Action
6996:Military orders
6933:Confraternities
6925:of the faithful
6924:
6917:
6739:
6730:
6666:
6572:
6466:
6325:
6317:
6250:Prior, Prioress
6206:
6099:
6095:Vatican Museums
6046:
5979:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5942:
5867:
5821:Social teaching
5788:
5727:
5672:
5627:One true church
5591:
5568:Sixtine Vulgate
5564:Official Bible
5478:
5474:
5469:
5457:
5375:
5307:
5252:
5222:Petrine primacy
5165:
5161:
5156:
5148:
5120:
5118:Catholic Church
5115:
5085:
5080:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5048:
4970:World Youth Day
4948:
4937:World Youth Day
4881:Pacem in terris
4875:Pope John XXIII
4814:
4741:
4732:Edict of Nantes
4690:
4686:
4676:
4642:Teresa of Ávila
4637:Tridentine Mass
4573:
4569:
4560:
4541:Knights Templar
4495:
4397:
4353:Gregorian chant
4311:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4218:
4206:
4133:
4002:
3990:
3982:
3849:
3847:Catholic Church
3840:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3775:
3718:
3658:
3654:Cesar Cremonini
3610:Albertus Magnus
3587:
3567:
3516:
3432:
3388:Physiognomonics
3383:On Things Heard
3378:On the Universe
3339:
3323:
3281:Parva Naturalia
3275:
3254:
3240:Eudemian Ethics
3220:
3204:
3166:
3128:
3109:Prior Analytics
3076:
3000:Rational animal
2861:
2835:
2833:Aristotelianism
2830:
2792:
2789:by James Hannam
2747:"Scholasticism"
2729:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2690:
2681:This article's
2677:
2673:
2666:
2656:
2643:
2637:
2624:
2618:
2601:
2588:
2575:
2562:
2556:
2543:
2535:
2533:Further reading
2525:
2502:
2417:
2394:
2389:
2383:van Asselt 2011
2381:
2377:
2371:van Asselt 2011
2369:
2365:
2359:van Asselt 2011
2357:
2353:
2344:
2337:
2322:
2308:
2304:
2289:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
1986:
1982:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1842:, p. 10: "
1838:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1804:
1803:
1794:
1778:
1774:
1763:
1759:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1728:Perseus Project
1685:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1653:
1649:
1641:Grant, Edward.
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1592:
1588:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1535:
1531:
1523:Grant, Edward.
1522:
1518:
1510:Patte, Daniel.
1509:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1418:
1347:
1304:
1280:
1224:
1222:Battista Mondin
1201:Dominican Order
1193:
1181:
1175:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1092:Albertus Magnus
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
989:
984:
980:
976:
975:
973:Albertus Magnus
970:
966:
959:
941:More recently,
832:Adelard of Bath
828:James of Venice
722:
721:
720:
719:
718:
713:
709:
705:
704:
699:
695:
688:
664:
605:
543:Albertus Magnus
505:and to resolve
428:Aristotelianism
409:
369:
359:
357:
350:
349:
298:Dominican Order
293:Aristotelianism
281:
273:
272:
243:Albertus Magnus
208:
200:
199:
170:
162:
161:
115:
107:
106:
87:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12844:
12834:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12818:
12816:Trinitarianism
12813:
12811:Thomas Aquinas
12808:
12803:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12771:
12770:
12768:
12767:
12765:Westernization
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12745:Visegrád Group
12742:
12737:
12732:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12697:
12692:
12687:
12685:Nordic Council
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12587:
12582:
12580:Bucharest Nine
12577:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12557:
12552:
12547:
12545:Arctic Council
12542:
12537:
12532:
12527:
12522:
12516:
12514:
12508:
12507:
12505:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12493:
12492:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12457:
12452:
12451:
12450:
12440:
12434:
12432:
12426:
12425:
12423:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12411:
12410:
12405:
12400:
12395:
12390:
12389:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12373:
12363:
12358:
12353:
12343:
12342:
12341:
12340:
12339:
12329:
12328:
12327:
12322:
12321:
12320:
12310:
12309:
12308:
12298:
12297:
12296:
12271:
12269:
12263:
12262:
12260:
12259:
12258:
12257:
12247:
12242:
12237:
12236:
12235:
12223:
12222:
12221:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12180:
12179:
12174:
12164:
12163:
12162:
12155:Existentialism
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12122:
12117:
12112:
12106:
12104:
12098:
12097:
12095:
12094:
12093:
12092:
12087:
12082:
12077:
12067:
12066:
12065:
12055:
12054:
12053:
12048:
12038:
12037:
12036:
12026:
12021:
12020:
12019:
12014:
12009:
11999:
11998:
11997:
11987:
11986:
11985:
11975:
11974:
11973:
11968:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11943:
11942:
11941:
11931:
11926:
11925:
11924:
11914:
11913:
11912:
11902:
11901:
11900:
11890:
11885:
11884:
11883:
11873:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11861:
11856:
11845:
11843:
11837:
11836:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11831:
11826:
11816:
11815:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11719:
11714:
11713:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11692:
11691:
11690:
11688:Late antiquity
11680:
11674:
11672:
11666:
11665:
11663:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11641:
11640:
11639:
11638:
11633:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11603:
11598:
11592:
11590:
11586:
11585:
11574:
11573:
11566:
11559:
11551:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11538:
11526:
11511:
11508:
11507:
11504:
11503:
11500:
11499:
11496:
11495:
11493:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11466:
11464:
11460:
11459:
11457:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11390:
11389:
11379:
11374:
11368:
11366:
11360:
11359:
11357:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11330:
11328:
11326:Middle Eastern
11322:
11321:
11319:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11277:
11275:
11269:
11268:
11266:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11244:
11242:
11233:
11223:
11222:
11219:
11218:
11214:
11206:
11205:
11202:
11201:
11198:
11197:
11194:
11193:
11191:
11190:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11162:
11160:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11090:Existentialism
11087:
11085:Deconstruction
11082:
11076:
11074:
11068:
11067:
11065:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10918:Applied ethics
10914:
10912:
10903:
10897:
10896:
10893:
10892:
10890:
10889:
10884:
10882:Nietzscheanism
10879:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10853:
10852:
10842:
10836:
10834:
10830:
10829:
10827:
10826:
10824:Utilitarianism
10821:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10722:Transcendental
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10660:Existentialism
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10616:
10610:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10599:
10597:
10596:
10590:
10588:
10582:
10581:
10579:
10578:
10573:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10545:
10543:
10537:
10536:
10534:
10533:
10528:
10527:
10526:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10485:
10483:
10479:
10478:
10476:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10448:Augustinianism
10445:
10439:
10437:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10391:
10389:
10382:
10376:
10375:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10368:
10363:
10361:Zoroastrianism
10358:
10353:
10347:
10345:
10339:
10338:
10336:
10335:
10334:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10283:
10282:
10281:
10276:
10266:
10265:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10218:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10206:
10204:Church Fathers
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10175:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10118:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10086:
10084:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10030:
10028:
10019:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10009:
10008:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9977:
9971:
9969:
9959:
9958:
9948:
9947:
9944:
9943:
9940:
9939:
9937:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9895:
9893:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9867:
9865:
9859:
9858:
9856:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9824:
9822:
9816:
9815:
9813:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9776:
9774:
9768:
9767:
9765:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9733:
9731:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9719:Libertarianism
9716:
9715:
9714:
9704:
9703:
9702:
9692:
9686:
9684:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9658:
9656:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9610:
9608:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9582:
9580:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9523:Metaphilosophy
9520:
9515:
9509:
9507:
9497:
9496:
9486:
9485:
9478:
9477:
9470:
9463:
9455:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9442:
9432:
9422:
9411:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9382:Misconceptions
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9343:
9341:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9202:
9200:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9192:
9190:Little Ice Age
9187:
9186:
9185:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9143:Western Schism
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9099:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8991:
8989:
8983:
8982:
8980:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8897:
8892:
8890:Late antiquity
8887:
8882:
8877:
8871:
8869:
8863:
8862:
8855:
8854:
8847:
8840:
8832:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8797:
8796:
8791:
8790:
8789:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8738:
8736:
8732:
8731:
8729:
8728:
8718:
8708:
8698:
8688:
8678:
8668:
8658:
8648:
8638:
8628:
8618:
8608:
8598:
8587:
8585:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8577:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8528:Presupposition
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8307:Deconstruction
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8278:
8276:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8000:
7999:
7992:
7985:
7977:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7964:
7952:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7881:
7879:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7849:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7797:Pascal's wager
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7757:Guardian angel
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7457:
7455:
7449:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7346:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7312:Augustinianism
7308:
7306:
7297:
7293:
7292:
7273:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7221:Divine command
7218:
7212:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7196:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7173:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7150:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7112:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7070:
7068:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7041:Legion of Mary
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6970:Lay Carmelites
6967:
6957:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6929:
6927:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6818:Conceptionists
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6753:Assumptionists
6749:
6747:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6682:
6676:
6674:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6586:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6476:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6455:Syro-Malankara
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6405:Italo-Albanian
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6293:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6259:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6223:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6114:
6112:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6075:Lateran Treaty
6072:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6001:
5996:
5987:
5985:
5970:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5877:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5836:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5811:Moral theology
5808:
5802:
5800:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5575:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5494:
5492:
5485:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5396:
5385:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5326:Pope Gregory I
5323:
5317:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5298:Biblical canon
5295:
5293:Late antiquity
5290:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5273:
5268:
5262:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5229:Church fathers
5226:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5181:
5179:
5170:
5163:Ecclesiastical
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4877:
4872:
4865:
4860:
4858:Lateran Treaty
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4683:Baroque period
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4652:Peter Canisius
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4627:Francis Xavier
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4591:Exsurge Domine
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Pope Clement V
4528:
4527:
4526:
4524:Avignon Papacy
4519:Western Schism
4516:
4511:
4509:Thomas Aquinas
4505:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4363:Saint Boniface
4360:
4355:
4350:
4348:Pope Gregory I
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4287:Biblical canon
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4241:
4239:
4220:
4216:Late antiquity
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4163:Pope Clement I
4153:Church Fathers
4150:
4144:
4142:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4009:
4007:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3914:Biblical canon
3909:Catholic Bible
3906:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3859:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3791:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3766:Views on women
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3727:Related topics
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3639:Peter of Spain
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3615:Thomas Aquinas
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Aristo of Ceos
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3345:Pseudepigrapha
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:On the Heavens
3144:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2882:
2879:Antiperistasis
2875:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2756:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2685:external links
2680:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2664:External links
2662:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2641:
2635:
2622:
2616:
2599:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2560:
2554:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2506:
2500:
2487:
2480:
2466:
2459:
2442:
2432:(5): 356–366.
2421:
2415:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2335:
2320:
2302:
2287:
2257:
2250:
2232:
2200:
2188:
2172:
2146:
2119:
2089:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2046:
2033:
2021:
2000:(2): 331–364.
1980:
1965:
1945:
1930:
1923:
1901:Adamson, Peter
1892:
1890:, p. 356.
1880:
1868:
1856:
1829:
1792:
1772:
1757:
1741:
1732:
1672:
1665:
1647:
1634:
1586:
1583:(Online). n.d.
1566:
1529:
1516:
1500:
1491:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1414:
1346:
1343:
1303:
1300:
1292:David Oderberg
1279:
1276:
1264:Étienne Gilson
1233:Cornelio Fabro
1192:
1189:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1159:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1148:Main article:
1145:
1142:
1137:Main article:
1134:
1131:
1126:Main article:
1123:
1120:
1115:Main article:
1112:
1109:
1096:Thomas Aquinas
1013:
1006:
1005:
999:
992:
991:
987:Thomas Aquinas
985:
978:
977:
971:
964:
963:
962:
961:
960:
958:
955:
909:Anselm of Laon
757:Frankish court
742:Alcuin of York
714:
707:
706:
700:
693:
692:
691:
690:
689:
687:
684:
663:
660:
604:
601:
597:Luis de Molina
559:Thomas Aquinas
507:contradictions
468:modern science
456:Latin Catholic
432:Ten Categories
411:
410:
408:
407:
400:
393:
385:
382:
381:
380:
379:
367:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
264:
258:
252:
251:("The Master")
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
213:Thomas Aquinas
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
190:Alcuin of York
187:
185:Pope Gregory I
182:
177:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
152:
149:Opus Oxoniense
145:
138:
131:
124:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:
70:
69:
63:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12843:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12802:
12799:
12797:
12794:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12786:Scholasticism
12784:
12783:
12781:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12728:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12711:
12710:PROSUR/PROSUL
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12696:
12693:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12605:Craiova Group
12603:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12536:
12533:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12520:ABCANZ Armies
12518:
12517:
12515:
12509:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12462:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12449:
12446:
12445:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12435:
12433:
12431:
12427:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12409:
12406:
12404:
12401:
12399:
12396:
12394:
12391:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12368:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12348:
12347:
12344:
12338:
12335:
12334:
12333:
12330:
12326:
12325:Protestantism
12323:
12319:
12316:
12315:
12314:
12311:
12307:
12304:
12303:
12302:
12299:
12295:
12291:
12288:
12287:
12286:
12283:
12282:
12281:
12278:
12277:
12276:
12273:
12272:
12270:
12268:
12264:
12256:
12253:
12252:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12245:Sovereigntism
12243:
12241:
12238:
12234:
12233:
12229:
12228:
12227:
12224:
12220:
12217:
12216:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12169:
12168:
12165:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12140:Scholasticism
12138:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12126:
12123:
12121:
12118:
12116:
12113:
12111:
12108:
12107:
12105:
12103:
12099:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12072:
12071:
12068:
12064:
12061:
12060:
12059:
12056:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12043:
12042:
12039:
12035:
12032:
12031:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12004:
12003:
12000:
11996:
11993:
11992:
11991:
11988:
11984:
11981:
11980:
11979:
11976:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11963:
11962:
11959:
11957:
11954:
11952:
11949:
11947:
11944:
11940:
11937:
11936:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11923:
11920:
11919:
11918:
11915:
11911:
11908:
11907:
11906:
11903:
11899:
11896:
11895:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11851:
11850:
11847:
11846:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11830:
11829:War on terror
11827:
11825:
11822:
11821:
11820:
11817:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11724:
11723:
11722:Modern period
11720:
11718:
11715:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11697:
11696:
11693:
11689:
11686:
11685:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11675:
11673:
11671:
11667:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11628:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11608:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11587:
11583:
11579:
11578:Western world
11572:
11567:
11565:
11560:
11558:
11553:
11552:
11549:
11537:
11536:
11527:
11525:
11524:
11513:
11512:
11509:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11467:
11465:
11463:Miscellaneous
11461:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11388:
11385:
11384:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11369:
11367:
11365:
11361:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11331:
11329:
11327:
11323:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11278:
11276:
11274:
11270:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11241:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11228:
11224:
11216:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11189:
11188:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11163:
11161:
11159:Miscellaneous
11157:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11145:Structuralism
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11130:Postmodernism
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11120:Phenomenology
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11077:
11075:
11073:
11069:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11057:Vienna Circle
11055:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11025:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10987:Moral realism
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10915:
10913:
10911:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10898:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10851:
10848:
10847:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10831:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10789:Phenomenology
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10729:Individualism
10727:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10694:
10693:
10690:
10686:
10683:
10682:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10605:
10595:
10594:Judeo-Islamic
10592:
10591:
10589:
10587:
10583:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10571:
10570:ʿIlm al-Kalām
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10546:
10544:
10542:
10538:
10532:
10529:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10519:Shuddhadvaita
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10490:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10480:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10453:Scholasticism
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10440:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10392:
10390:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10377:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10348:
10346:
10344:
10340:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10288:
10287:
10284:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10271:
10270:
10267:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10224:
10223:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10215:
10211:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10076:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10027:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10014:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9982:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9968:
9964:
9960:
9953:
9949:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9904:Conceptualism
9902:
9900:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9888:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9866:
9864:
9860:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9833:Particularism
9831:
9829:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9821:
9817:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9800:Functionalism
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9785:Eliminativism
9783:
9781:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9773:
9769:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9717:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9708:
9705:
9701:
9698:
9697:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9690:Compatibilism
9688:
9687:
9685:
9683:
9679:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9659:
9657:
9655:
9651:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9629:Particularism
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9607:
9603:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9579:
9575:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9498:
9491:
9487:
9483:
9476:
9471:
9469:
9464:
9462:
9457:
9456:
9453:
9441:
9433:
9431:
9423:
9421:
9417:
9413:
9412:
9409:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9338:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9197:
9191:
9188:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9050:Scholasticism
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8984:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8912:Rise of Islam
8910:
8906:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8868:
8864:
8860:
8853:
8848:
8846:
8841:
8839:
8834:
8833:
8830:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8804:
8801:
8795:
8792:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8772:Scholasticism
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8733:
8724:
8723:
8719:
8714:
8713:
8709:
8704:
8703:
8699:
8694:
8693:
8689:
8684:
8683:
8679:
8674:
8673:
8669:
8664:
8663:
8659:
8654:
8653:
8649:
8643:
8639:
8634:
8633:
8629:
8624:
8623:
8619:
8614:
8613:
8609:
8604:
8603:
8599:
8594:
8593:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8387:Structuralism
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8312:Descriptivism
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8292:Contrastivism
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8014:
8009:
8005:
7998:
7993:
7991:
7986:
7984:
7979:
7978:
7975:
7963:
7953:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7931:
7930:Phenomenology
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7827:Rota Fortunae
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7787:Occam's razor
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7767:Head of a pin
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7682:Actus Essendi
7680:
7679:
7677:
7673:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7516:Chateaubriand
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7454:
7450:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7403:Conceptualism
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7339:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7317:Scholasticism
7315:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7267:
7266:Virtue ethics
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7251:Seven virtues
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7194:
7189:
7187:
7182:
7180:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7159:
7151:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7089:Home Missions
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6982:Saint Francis
6980:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6965:Saint Dominic
6963:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6920:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6778:Bethlehemites
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6737:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6705:
6701:
6700:Vatican Radio
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6685:Vatican Media
6683:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:List of popes
5978:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5766:Mother of God
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:People of God
5649:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:Infallibility
5637:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5515:Body and soul
5513:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5473:
5468:
5464:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5418:Enlightenment
5416:
5414:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5389:Protestantism
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5366:Scholasticism
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5351:Schism (1378)
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5336:Schism (1054)
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5112:
5107:
5105:
5100:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5065:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Mother Teresa
4915:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4843:Pope Pius XII
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4809:Rerum novarum
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:Pope Leo XIII
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:United States
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:Pope Pius VII
4751:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Scholasticism
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Pope Urban II
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:Justin Martyr
4185:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4097:New Testament
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:Commissioning
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:Apostolic Age
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3890:Papal primacy
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3771:Wheel paradox
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3679:Trendelenburg
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Peter Lombard
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3597:Scholasticism
3594:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Lyco of Troas
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3428:Magna Moralia
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Virtue ethics
3065:
3063:
3062:Unmoved mover
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2770:Scholasticism
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2760:Scholasticism
2757:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2716:
2706:
2702:
2701:inappropriate
2698:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2657:
2655:0-85364-853-0
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:0-631-21672-3
2475:
2471:
2467:
2465:, Brill 2000.
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2384:
2379:
2373:, p. 60.
2372:
2367:
2361:, p. 59.
2360:
2355:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2321:9789004111240
2317:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2288:9781003125860
2284:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2197:
2196:GIACON, Carlo
2192:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2029:Lindberg 1978
2025:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1966:0-8132-1925-6
1962:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1864:Lindberg 1978
1860:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1718:Scott, Robert
1715:
1711:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1408:) or denied (
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:Disputationes
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:Anthony Kenny
1285:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1252:actus essendi
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1002:
988:
974:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
935:
930:
929:Peter Lombard
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
900:
893:
892:
886:
882:
878:
873:
868:
864:
863:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
826:in Italy and
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
789:Peter Abelard
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
746:scholasticism
743:
739:
738:Peter of Pisa
736:, advised by
735:
731:
727:
717:
716:Peter Abelard
703:
683:
681:
678:, especially
677:
673:
669:
659:
657:
653:
649:
647:
635:
633:
622:
618:
616:
610:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:Peter Abelard
532:
528:
524:
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:Scholasticism
406:
401:
399:
394:
392:
387:
386:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:
356:
355:
354:
353:
346:
343:
341:
340:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
288:
284:
283:
277:
276:
268:
267:Peter Abelard
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
249:Peter Lombard
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
204:
203:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
157:
153:
151:
150:
146:
144:
143:
142:Summa logicae
139:
137:
136:
132:
130:
129:
128:Cur Deus Homo
125:
123:
122:
118:
117:
111:
110:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
83:
82:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:Scholasticism
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
12755:Western Bloc
12555:AUSCANNZUKUS
12511:Contemporary
12460:Human rights
12306:Latin Church
12280:Christianity
12230:
12189:Conservatism
12139:
12034:contemporary
11871:Architecture
11807:World War II
11767:Emancipation
11762:Abolitionism
11650:Romanization
11645:Roman legacy
11626:Roman Empire
11528:
11514:
11185:
11176:Postcritique
11166:Kyoto School
11125:Posthumanism
11105:Hermeneutics
10960: /
10901:Contemporary
10877:Newtonianism
10840:Cartesianism
10799:Reductionism
10635:Conservatism
10630:Collectivism
10568:
10452:
10296:Sarvāstivadā
10274:Anekantavada
10199:Neoplatonism
10167:Epicureanism
10100:Pythagoreans
10039:Confucianism
10005:Contemporary
9995:Early modern
9899:Anti-realism
9853:Universalism
9810:Subjectivism
9606:Epistemology
9211:Architecture
9183:Great Famine
9173:Universities
9113:Hussite Wars
9049:
9030:Great Schism
8917:Papal States
8771:
8720:
8710:
8700:
8690:
8680:
8670:
8660:
8650:
8630:
8620:
8610:
8600:
8590:
8572:
8513:Metalanguage
8508:Logical form
8463:Truth-bearer
8422:Unilalianism
8332:Expressivism
8159:Wittgenstein
8104:von Humboldt
8021:Philosophers
7900:Neoplatonism
7822:Ressentiment
7817:Quinque viae
7782:Memento mori
7742:Double truth
7687:Actus primus
7453:Philosophers
7360:Cartesianism
7316:
7128:Universities
6960:Third orders
6923:Associations
6913:Visitandines
6908:Trinitarians
6858:Mercedarians
6843:Hieronymites
6788:Camaldoleses
6773:Benedictines
6763:Augustinians
6723:
6716:
6709:
6690:Vatican News
6644:Distinctions
6450:Syro-Malabar
6335:Latin Church
6257:Grand master
6155:Metropolitan
6052:Vatican City
5947:Organisation
5826:Philosophers
5691:Confirmation
5668:In canon law
5662:Subsistit in
5660:
5656:Three states
5643:
5604:
5597:Ecclesiology
5579:Nova Vulgata
5577:
5535:Original sin
5530:Nicene Creed
5520:Divine grace
5479:
5365:
5361:Universities
5331:Papal States
5258:Great Church
5200:Resurrection
5177:Early Church
5031:
5027:Pope Francis
4953:21st century
4902:Pope Paul VI
4879:
4867:
4820:20th century
4807:
4758:Pope Pius IX
4746:19th century
4722:Pope Pius VI
4589:
4461:Latin Empire
4435:
4431:Universities
4383:Pope Leo III
4250:Christianity
4235:state church
4227:Great Church
4028:Resurrection
3991:(30–325/476)
3988:Early Church
3973:Latin Church
3968:Papal States
3963:Vatican City
3751:Neoplatonism
3596:
3477:Theophrastus
3335:Protrepticus
3228:and politics
3039:
3026:
3022:hypokeimenon
3020:
3004:
2987:
2970:
2963:
2951:
2947:Hylomorphism
2939:
2917:
2896:
2884:
2877:
2759:
2750:
2719:
2710:
2695:by removing
2682:
2645:
2626:
2605:
2595:the original
2564:
2545:
2510:
2491:
2483:
2469:
2462:
2445:
2429:
2425:
2406:
2402:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2346:
2311:
2305:
2267:
2260:
2241:
2235:
2225:25 September
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2214:
2203:
2191:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2158:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2133:the original
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2098:Edward Feser
2092:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2036:
2024:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1955:
1948:
1933:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1888:Clagett 1982
1883:
1859:
1820:. Retrieved
1809:
1785:
1775:
1767:
1760:
1744:
1735:
1721:
1690:
1687:"scholastic"
1675:
1656:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1605:
1599:
1589:
1578:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1423:Actus primus
1421:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1333:
1330:philological
1315:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1281:
1257:
1251:
1217:
1214:Edward Feser
1206:
1194:
1182:
1164:
1081:
1073:Peter Auriol
1040:Universities
1038:
1033:Edward Grant
1022:
940:
932:
872:integumentum
860:
846:
844:into Latin.
839:
808:Muslim Spain
797:
750:
745:
723:
680:Jewish Kalam
672:Ilm al-Kalām
665:
656:Scholasticus
655:
643:
632:scholastikos
629:
615:scholasticus
612:
606:
580:
573:Santa Sabina
568:
562:
526:
523:Neoplatonism
521:but also of
515:
496:
415:
414:
337:
323:Neoplatonism
285:
207:Philosophers
154:
147:
140:
133:
126:
119:
66:
43:
12695:Open Balkan
12513:integration
12443:Rule of law
12438:Natural law
12415:Agnosticism
12393:Hellenistic
12371:Anglo-Saxon
12301:Catholicism
12240:Atlanticism
12145:Rationalism
11951:Immigration
11934:Esotericism
11792:World War I
11757:Romanticism
11737:Reformation
11717:Renaissance
11695:Middle Ages
11660:Christendom
11589:Foundations
11171:Objectivism
11110:Neo-Marxism
11072:Continental
10982:Meta-ethics
10962:Coherentism
10867:Hegelianism
10804:Rationalism
10764:Natural law
10744:Materialism
10670:Historicism
10640:Determinism
10531:Navya-Nyāya
10306:Sautrāntika
10301:Pudgalavada
10237:Vaisheshika
10090:Presocratic
9990:Renaissance
9929:Physicalism
9914:Materialism
9820:Normativity
9805:Objectivism
9790:Emergentism
9780:Behaviorism
9729:Metaphysics
9695:Determinism
9634:Rationalism
9440:WikiProject
9367:Medievalism
9206:Agriculture
9070:Manorialism
9065:Communalism
9060:Monasticism
8977:Reconquista
8967:Kievan Rus'
8757:Linguistics
8722:Limited Inc
8642:On Denoting
8468:Proposition
8119:de Saussure
8084:Ibn Khaldun
7920:Rationalism
7915:Renaissance
7847:Augustinian
7732:Disputation
7727:Differentia
7692:Actus purus
7596:Malebranche
7511:Bonaventure
7246:Personalism
7241:Natural law
7236:Probabilism
7118:Health care
7104:Pax Christi
7056:Schoenstatt
7021:Sant'Egidio
6853:Legionaries
6833:Franciscans
6808:Cistercians
6803:Carthusians
6758:Annonciades
6617:Altarpieces
6510:West Syriac
6505:East Syriac
6485:Alexandrian
6109:Holy orders
6090:Swiss Guard
6030:Dicasteries
6025:Roman Curia
5923:Evangelists
5881:Holy Family
5816:Personalism
5806:Natural law
5784:Josephology
5718:Holy orders
5356:Inquisition
5313:Middle Ages
5303:Monasticism
5271:Constantine
5195:Crucifixion
5033:Laudato si'
4828:Pope Pius X
4657:Philip Neri
4632:Pope Pius V
4607:Thomas More
4476:Inquisition
4378:Charlemagne
4338:Monasticism
4148:Persecution
4040:Holy Spirit
4023:Crucifixion
3902:First seven
3627:Duns Scotus
3467:Dicaearchus
3457:Aristoxenus
3216:Metaphysics
3209:Metaphysics
3195:Progression
3162:On the Soul
3157:Meteorology
2959:Magnanimity
2925:Four causes
2793:(in German)
2713:August 2024
2461:Fryde, E.,
2392:Works cited
2165:5 September
1708:σχολαστικός
1575:"Schoolmen"
1387:quaestiones
1367:quaestiones
1225: [
1100:Neoplatonic
1069:Duns Scotus
1057:Bonaventure
1045:Franciscans
1001:Duns Scotus
899:Dragmaticon
812:Reconquista
800:rediscovery
734:Charlemagne
625:σχολαστικός
589:Roger Bacon
555:Bonaventure
547:Duns Scotus
511:disputation
460:trinitarian
452:prime mover
448:metaphysics
255:Bonaventure
219:Duns Scotus
114:Major works
12780:Categories
12715:Rio Treaty
12226:Relativism
12184:Liberalism
12150:Empiricism
12102:Philosophy
12090:Secularism
12041:Philosophy
11978:Literature
11772:Capitalism
11470:Amerindian
11377:Australian
11316:Vietnamese
11296:Indonesian
10845:Kantianism
10794:Positivism
10784:Pragmatism
10759:Naturalism
10739:Liberalism
10717:Subjective
10655:Empiricism
10559:Avicennism
10504:Bhedabheda
10388:East Asian
10311:Madhyamaka
10291:Abhidharma
10157:Pyrrhonism
9924:Nominalism
9919:Naturalism
9848:Skepticism
9838:Relativism
9828:Absolutism
9757:Naturalism
9667:Deontology
9639:Skepticism
9624:Naturalism
9614:Empiricism
9578:Aesthetics
9482:Philosophy
9362:Land terms
9316:Technology
9296:Philosophy
9276:Literature
9241:Demography
8942:Viking Age
8817:Discussion
8812:Task Force
8762:Pragmatics
8553:Speech act
8483:Categories
8397:Symbiosism
8352:Nominalism
8264:Watzlawick
8144:Bloomfield
8064:Chrysippus
7925:Empiricism
7747:Evil demon
7521:Chesterton
7398:Nominalism
7385:Universals
7226:Just price
6873:Oratorians
6828:Dominicans
6798:Carmelites
6793:Camillians
6741:institutes
6554:Tridentine
6490:Antiochian
6410:Macedonian
6355:Belarusian
6245:Provincial
6160:Archbishop
6080:Roman Rota
6042:Properties
5967:By country
5963:Precedence
5928:Confessors
5908:Archangels
5898:Patriarchs
5798:Philosophy
5776:Veneration
5741:Assumption
5711:Last rites
5678:Sacraments
5622:Four marks
5433:Vatican II
5381:Modern era
5217:Succession
4906:coronation
4612:Pope Leo X
4197:Tertullian
4127:Revelation
4102:Background
3709:Hursthouse
3583:Maimonides
3549:Avicennism
3200:Generation
3172:On Animals
3099:Categories
2919:Eudaimonia
2251:0754634388
1975:1303318773
1840:Toman 2007
1754:1438109075
1470:References
1449:Nominalism
1375:questiones
1359:meditation
1326:dialectics
1322:sententiae
1220:(2002) by
1167:Calvinists
1084:St Dominic
1049:Dominicans
781:Canterbury
472:philosophy
318:Empiricism
287:Philosophy
169:Precursors
39:Scholarism
32:Scholastic
12660:Five Eyes
12655:EU–UK TCA
12497:Democracy
12386:Old Norse
12275:Abrahamic
12232:Peritrope
12214:Tolerance
12194:Socialism
12024:Mythology
12012:Classical
11961:Languages
11939:Astrology
11787:Modernism
11601:Old World
11349:Pakistani
11311:Taiwanese
11258:Ethiopian
11231:By region
11217:By region
11032:Scientism
11027:Systemics
10887:Spinozism
10814:Socialism
10749:Modernism
10712:Objective
10620:Anarchism
10554:Averroism
10443:Christian
10395:Neotaoism
10366:Zurvanism
10356:Mithraism
10351:Mazdakism
10122:Cyrenaics
10049:Logicians
9682:Free will
9644:Solipsism
9591:Formalism
9347:Dark Ages
9256:Household
9251:Hastilude
9020:Feudalism
8794:Semiotics
8782:Semantics
8632:Alciphron
8568:Statement
8503:Intension
8443:Ambiguity
8322:Dramatism
8302:Cratylism
8054:Eubulides
8049:Aristotle
8029:Confucius
7890:Platonism
7864:Univocity
7762:Haecceity
7641:Ratzinger
7606:Montaigne
7586:MacIntyre
7541:Dionysius
7536:Descartes
7496:Augustine
7350:Salamanca
7114:See also:
7066:Charities
6975:Discalced
6903:Trappists
6898:Theatines
6868:Olivetans
6813:Clarisses
6783:Blue nuns
6768:Basilians
6745:societies
6653:See also:
6539:Mozarabic
6529:Ambrosian
6515:Malankara
6500:Byzantine
6460:Ukrainian
6435:Ruthenian
6400:Hungarian
6385:Ethiopian
6360:Bulgarian
6327:sui iuris
6311:Postulant
6220:Religious
6175:Auxiliary
6170:Coadjutor
6140:Patriarch
6008:Cardinals
5955:Canon law
5951:Hierarchy
5933:Disciples
5856:Relations
5844:Evolution
5835:See also:
5780:See also:
5733:Mariology
5723:Matrimony
5696:Eucharist
5617:Ecumenism
5545:Salvation
5481:Catechism
5476:Tradition
5438:Communism
5286:Chalcedon
4922:Communism
4892:Ecumenism
4238:(380–451)
4230:(180–451)
4219:(313–476)
4141:(100–325)
3744:Platonism
3699:MacIntyre
3561:Averroism
3539:Al-Farabi
3497:Critolaus
3441:Followers
3418:Economics
3398:Mechanics
3363:On Plants
3358:On Colors
3353:On Breath
3304:On Dreams
3294:On Memory
3057:Haecceity
3035:Syllogism
3006:Phronesis
2898:Catharsis
2847:Aristotle
2697:excessive
2583:Secondary
2297:244179976
2139:21 August
2112:2 January
2016:163903902
1622:0026-8232
1542:Augustine
1434:Casuistry
1371:meditatio
1355:meditatio
1237:Tomas Tyn
1061:Augustine
934:Sentences
917:dialectic
877:heretical
851:produced
603:Etymology
581:Angelicum
527:Schoolmen
519:Aristotle
503:inference
458:dogmatic
454:with the
12720:Schengen
12650:Eurozone
12490:Property
12485:Religion
12376:Frankish
12366:Germanic
12346:Paganism
12267:Religion
12255:European
12167:Humanism
12070:Religion
12029:Painting
11995:Internet
11946:Folklore
11917:Clothing
11888:Calendar
11864:Cyrillic
11849:Alphabet
11812:Cold War
11535:Category
11490:Yugoslav
11480:Romanian
11387:Scottish
11372:American
11301:Japanese
11281:Buddhist
11263:Africana
11253:Egyptian
11095:Feminist
11017:Rawlsian
11012:Quietism
10910:Analytic
10862:Krausism
10769:Nihilism
10734:Kokugaku
10697:Absolute
10692:Idealism
10680:Humanism
10468:Occamism
10435:European
10380:Medieval
10326:Yogacara
10286:Buddhist
10279:Syādvāda
10162:Stoicism
10127:Cynicism
10115:Sophists
10110:Atomists
10105:Eleatics
10044:Legalism
9985:Medieval
9909:Idealism
9863:Ontology
9843:Nihilism
9747:Idealism
9505:Branches
9494:Branches
9430:Category
9397:Timeline
9286:Minstrel
9281:Medicine
9163:Chivalry
9118:Burgundy
9040:Crusades
8807:Category
8767:Rhetoric
8592:Cratylus
8563:Sentence
8538:Property
8458:Language
8436:Concepts
8274:Theories
8239:Strawson
8224:Davidson
8214:Hintikka
8209:Anscombe
8154:Vygotsky
8109:Mauthner
8079:Averroes
8069:Zhuangzi
8059:Diodorus
8039:Cratylus
7852:Irenaean
7842:Theodicy
7812:Quiddity
7675:Concepts
7601:Maritain
7571:Krasicki
7561:Gassendi
7551:Eriugena
7506:Boethius
7481:Anscombe
7471:Albertus
7365:Molinism
7332:Occamism
7304:Medieval
7231:Just war
7158:Category
7051:Opus Dei
7036:Scouting
7026:Focolare
6893:Servites
6878:Piarists
6823:Crosiers
6559:Anglican
6495:Armenian
6425:Romanian
6415:Maronite
6390:Georgian
6380:Eritrean
6365:Chaldean
6350:Armenian
6345:Albanian
6226:Superior
6185:Emeritus
6165:Diocesan
6018:Advisers
5977:Holy See
5903:Prophets
5861:Politics
5632:Catholic
5612:Councils
5467:Theology
5346:Crusades
5281:Nicaea I
5212:Apostles
5190:Ministry
5159:Timeline
5139:Glossary
4932:HIV/AIDS
4426:Crusades
4180:Irenaeus
4173:Ignatius
4168:Polycarp
4018:Ministry
4006:(30–100)
3880:Timeline
3789:Category
3714:Nussbaum
3684:Brentano
3556:Averroes
3544:Avicenna
3534:Al-Kindi
3507:Erymneus
3403:Problems
3299:On Sleep
3266:Rhetoric
3245:Politics
3190:Movement
3052:Quiddity
2913:accident
2840:Overview
2401:(2011).
2330:39655867
2184:Treccani
2106:Archived
1903:(2019),
1848:Lanfranc
1783:(1903).
1681:"school"
1550:Plotinus
1546:Boethius
1416:See also
1401:quaestio
1363:quaestio
1105:Averroes
1047:and the
947:Novikoff
841:Elements
773:Lanfranc
767:and the
668:Boethius
484:Portugal
430:and the
420:medieval
237:Averroes
180:Boethius
102:Occamism
59:a series
57:Part of
12565:Benelux
12470:Thought
12420:Atheism
12361:Finnish
12337:Culture
12332:Judaism
12294:Eastern
12290:Western
12285:Culture
12219:Paradox
12085:Decline
12046:Science
11922:History
11910:Studies
11893:Cuisine
11881:Periods
11841:Culture
11670:History
11636:Eastern
11631:Western
11582:culture
11485:Russian
11454:Spanish
11449:Slovene
11439:Maltese
11434:Italian
11414:Finland
11382:British
11364:Western
11354:Turkish
11339:Islamic
11334:Iranian
11286:Chinese
11273:Eastern
11240:African
11187:more...
10872:Marxism
10702:British
10645:Dualism
10541:Islamic
10499:Advaita
10489:Vedanta
10463:Scotism
10458:Thomism
10400:Tiantai
10343:Persian
10331:Tibetan
10321:Śūnyatā
10262:Cārvāka
10252:Ājīvika
10247:Mīmāṃsā
10227:Samkhya
10142:Academy
10095:Ionians
10069:Yangism
10026:Chinese
10017:Ancient
9980:Western
9975:Ancient
9934:Realism
9891:Reality
9881:Process
9762:Realism
9742:Dualism
9737:Atomism
9619:Fideism
9340:Related
9326:Warfare
9321:Theatre
9311:Slavery
9306:Science
9261:Hunting
9226:Cuisine
9199:Culture
9138:Castile
9133:England
8574:more...
8478:Concept
8219:Dummett
8194:Gadamer
8189:Chomsky
8174:Derrida
8164:Russell
8149:Bergson
8134:Tillich
8094:Leibniz
8034:Gorgias
7878:Related
7666:Wojtyła
7646:Scheler
7591:Maistre
7581:Lombard
7566:Isidore
7546:Erasmus
7526:Clement
7491:Aquinas
7461:Abelard
7327:Scotism
7322:Thomism
7296:Schools
7123:Schools
7079:Caritas
6987:Secular
6953:Workers
6848:Jesuits
6634:Museums
6629:Library
6607:Writers
6602:Artists
6582:Culture
6549:Paul VI
6430:Russian
6420:Melkite
6262:Brother
6240:General
6180:Titular
6150:Primate
6128:Eparchy
6118:Diocese
6065:Outline
6004:College
5994:Francis
5938:Virgins
5913:Martyrs
5839:Science
5746:History
5701:Penance
5686:Baptism
5587:Worship
5560:Vulgate
5508:Kingdom
5503:Trinity
5491:General
5246:Primacy
5154:History
5134:Outline
4897:Judaism
4297:Vulgate
4107:Gospels
4082:Stephen
3999:Origins
3919:Vulgate
3855:General
3845:of the
3843:History
3632:Scotism
3620:Thomism
3271:Poetics
3180:History
3142:Physics
3134:Physics
3091:Organon
3019: (
2965:Mimesis
2909:Essence
2755:Online.
2691:Please
2683:use of
2538:Primary
1844:Abelard
1822:21 July
1726:at the
1627:15 June
1554:Proclus
1464:Scotism
1268:Thomism
1209:Thomism
1185:Thomism
943:Leinsle
925:Abelard
921:trivium
883:at the
862:Timaeus
785:England
728:of the
662:History
492:England
280:Related
97:Scotism
92:Thomism
86:Schools
12585:CANZUK
12475:Speech
12403:Slavic
12381:Gothic
12356:Celtic
12351:Baltic
12250:Values
12051:Values
11611:Greece
11444:Polish
11424:German
11419:French
11404:Danish
11394:Canada
11344:Jewish
11306:Korean
11291:Indian
10833:People
10754:Monism
10707:German
10675:Holism
10608:Modern
10586:Jewish
10509:Dvaita
10482:Indian
10405:Huayan
10257:Ajñana
10214:Indian
10079:Greco-
10064:Taoism
10054:Mohism
10000:Modern
9967:By era
9956:By era
9871:Action
9752:Monism
9672:Virtue
9654:Ethics
9420:Portal
9301:Poetry
9128:France
8726:(1988)
8716:(1982)
8706:(1980)
8696:(1967)
8686:(1953)
8676:(1951)
8666:(1936)
8656:(1921)
8646:(1905)
8636:(1732)
8626:(1668)
8616:(1666)
8606:(1660)
8596:(n.d.)
8558:Symbol
8259:Searle
8249:Putnam
8199:Kripke
8184:Austin
8169:Carnap
8114:Ricœur
8099:Herder
8089:Hobbes
7869:Utopia
7661:Suárez
7651:Scotus
7636:Rahner
7626:Pascal
7616:Newman
7556:Ficino
7486:Anselm
7476:Alcuin
7342:Modern
7208:Ethics
7001:Fimcap
6943:Marian
6863:Minims
6595:Marian
6445:Syriac
6440:Slovak
6370:Coptic
6306:Oblate
6301:Master
6296:Novice
6291:Hermit
6279:Sister
6235:Abbess
6202:Deacon
6197:Priest
6192:Parish
6135:Bishop
6105:Polity
5891:Joseph
5873:Saints
5540:Saints
5428:Nazism
4863:Nazism
4685:to the
4292:Jerome
4202:Origen
3885:Papacy
3674:Newman
3667:Modern
3576:Jewish
3226:Ethics
3119:Topics
2989:Philia
2983:Mythos
2857:Lyceum
2652:
2633:
2614:
2571:
2552:
2521:
2498:
2476:
2454:
2438:986212
2436:
2413:
2328:
2318:
2295:
2285:
2248:
2014:
1973:
1963:
1921:
1752:
1663:
1620:
1544:, and
1379:lectio
1351:lectio
1334:auctor
1317:auctor
836:Euclid
793:France
777:Anselm
652:school
646:scholē
557:, and
480:France
418:was a
12740:USMCA
12595:CEFTA
12550:AUKUS
12540:ANZUS
12535:ANZUK
12480:Press
12398:Roman
12063:Sport
12007:Chant
12002:Music
11990:Media
11983:Canon
11929:Dance
11859:Latin
11854:Greek
11700:early
11475:Aztec
11429:Greek
11409:Dutch
11399:Czech
11248:Bantu
10685:Anti-
10232:Nyaya
10222:Hindu
10082:Roman
9876:Event
9518:Logic
9331:Women
9291:Music
9246:Domes
9236:Dance
9123:Milan
8584:Works
8493:Class
8254:Lewis
8244:Quine
8229:Grice
8179:Whorf
8139:Sapir
8124:Frege
8074:Xunzi
8044:Plato
7697:Aevum
7656:Stein
7621:Occam
7576:Llull
7501:Bacon
7466:Adler
7422:Other
7099:CIDSE
6948:Youth
6672:Media
6639:Music
6564:Zaire
6544:Roman
6534:Braga
6524:Latin
6395:Greek
6267:Friar
6231:Abbot
6145:Major
6060:Index
5959:Laity
5525:Dogma
5472:Bible
5448:Islam
5404:Trent
5185:Jesus
5167:Legal
5129:Index
4965:Islam
4233:Roman
4192:Canon
4065:Peter
4013:Jesus
3739:Plato
3704:Smith
3689:Adler
3185:Parts
3082:Works
3041:Telos
3028:ousia
2953:Lexis
2941:Hexis
2886:Arete
2852:Logic
2749:. In
2434:JSTOR
2405:[
2293:S2CID
2012:S2CID
1915:93 ff
1700:σχολή
1608:(4).
1339:logic
1229:]
1065:Plato
913:gloss
857:Plato
639:σχολή
621:Greek
611:word
609:Latin
488:Spain
476:Italy
12700:OSCE
12680:NATO
12625:EFTA
12590:CBSS
12575:BSEC
12465:Life
12017:Folk
11898:Diet
11710:late
11705:high
11621:Rome
11580:and
10576:Sufi
10410:Chan
10269:Jain
10242:Yoga
9772:Mind
9712:Hard
9700:Hard
8543:Sign
8448:Cant
8234:Ryle
8204:Ayer
8129:Boas
7631:Pico
7611:More
7531:Cusa
6624:Folk
6272:Monk
6013:List
5991:Pope
5886:Mary
5015:2023
5010:2019
5005:2016
5000:2013
4995:2011
4990:2008
4985:2005
4980:2002
4975:2000
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