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is smaller. Adults have a black hood and nape during the breeding season. It is very pale with a white body and tail, pale grey wings. Non-breeding birds have a mottled grey hood and nape, and white-tipped wings with black markings on the primaries. Immatures are distinguished by having a narrow
361:. It overwinters in southern China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, South Korea, southwestern Japan and Vietnam. Its winter habitats are estuaries and aquaculture ponds and some populations move inland to lakes and marshes.
389:, stealing food items from other species of birds. It is a poor swimmer, having only partially webbed feet, and usually stays on land, moving up the beach in front of the rising tide.
319:, particularly by conversion of saltmarsh to agricultural land or fish farms, and industrial development including oil extraction. One of its few remaining strongholds are the
369:
Saunders's gull catches its prey by flying above the ground at about ten metres (yards) and dropping swiftly on any suitable prey it finds. In this way it catches
502:
Pons, J.-M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet, P.-A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the
Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers".
424:. In China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and elsewhere, saltmarshes are being drained to make way for aquaculture. The introduction of the strong-growing
412:
The total population of this gull is estimated as being 14,400 individuals but perhaps as low as 7,100–9,600, and seems to be in decline. The
1326:
430:(smooth cord-grass) has also had deleterious effects. The disturbance of adults also results in greater predation on the eggs and chicks.
343:
black tail band and some dark mottling on the upperwing. The legs are dark red-brown, and the short bill is black; the body is squat.
1380:
606:
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1274:
646:
1300:
309:
1410:
614:
1305:
600:
583:
420:". The main threats it faces are the degradation of its habitat as it is very dependent on saltmarshes dominated by
1405:
1331:
705:
351:
Saunders's gull breeds in eastern China and the west coast of Korea. It breeds in saltmarshes dominated by the
338:
This is a very small species of gull with a length of just 33 cm (13 in) and, among gulls, only the
1313:
488:
93:
1400:
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takes about 22 days. Adults and young birds leave for their winter quarters in
October.
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88:
73:
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It breeds in saltmarshes, its nest being a simple scrape in the ground. The birds are
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301:, while others argue it is sufficiently distinct for placement in the
1100:
972:
967:
865:
808:
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275:
105:
1197:
282:. As with many other gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the
1220:
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536:
125:
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271:
263:
155:
353:
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259:
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Saunders's gull is named after the
British ornithologist
266:. It is found in China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea,
866:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
455:
501:
323:, which hosts about 20% of the world's population.
1372:
740:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
699:
308:. In 2023, this transfer was accepted by the
602:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
573:
713:
346:
270:, Russia, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Its natural
918:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
706:
692:
67:
43:
29:
641:
639:
637:
635:
576:Gulls of Europe, Asia, and North America
400:. Two or three eggs are laid in May and
598:
569:
567:
565:
1373:
1019:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
530:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
1202:
1201:
687:
632:
537:International Ornithologists' Union.
504:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
605:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
562:
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467:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
440:
310:International Ornithologists' Union
13:
14:
1422:
672:
574:Olsen, K.M.; Larsson, H. (2004).
1381:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
92:
456:BirdLife International (2012).
623:
592:
333:
1:
433:
1411:Taxa named by Robert Swinhoe
7:
679:BirdLife Species Factsheet.
516:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011
295:work some have moved it to
10:
1427:
599:Jobling, James A. (2010).
547:"IOC World Bird List 14.1"
364:
1358:Chroicocephalus-saundersi
1212:Chroicocephalus saundersi
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1177:
1159:
1141:
1123:
1098:
1080:
1062:
981:
941:
896:
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407:
396:and each pair occupies a
321:Yancheng Coastal Wetlands
256:Chinese black-headed gull
236:Chroicocephalus saundersi
227:
220:
201:
194:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
881:Lesser black-backed gull
809:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
653:. ARKive. Archived from
460:Saundersilarus saundersi
347:Distribution and habitat
251:Saundersilarus saundersi
205:Saundersilarus saundersi
1406:Birds described in 1871
804:Great black-backed gull
1187:Hybridisation in gulls
1110:Black-legged kittiwake
629:BirdLife International
278:waters and intertidal
851:American herring gull
846:European herring gull
427:Spartina alterniflora
1115:Red-legged kittiwake
814:Glaucous-winged gull
315:It is threatened by
24:Saunders's gull
1169:Swallow-tailed gull
1044:Slender-billed gull
59:Conservation status
1401:Birds of Manchuria
928:Mediterranean gull
856:Yellow-legged gull
824:Yellow-footed gull
647:"Saunders's gull (
541:; Donsker, David;
487:}}: old-form url (
258:, is a species of
1368:
1367:
1340:Open Tree of Life
1204:Taxon identifiers
1195:
1194:
1182:Gull eggs as food
1039:Black-headed gull
1034:Brown-headed gull
1029:Black-billed gull
1014:Brown-hooded gull
876:Slaty-backed gull
789:Short-billed gull
774:Black-tailed gull
616:978-1-4081-2501-4
543:Rasmussen, Pamela
416:has rated it as "
243:
242:
187:S. saundersi
176:
82:
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1319:NHMSYS0021274121
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1241:88BBD516DF16430B
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1049:Bonaparte's gull
794:Ring-billed gull
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1386:Chroicocephalus
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1058:
1054:Saunders's gull
1009:Hartlaub's gull
998:Red-billed gull
984:Chroicocephalus
977:
963:Franklin's gull
937:
908:White-eyed gull
892:
799:California gull
779:Heermann's gull
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649:Larus saundersi
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385:. It is also a
367:
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328:Howard Saunders
298:Chroicocephalus
291:, but based on
246:Saunders's gull
231:Larus saundersi
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209:
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190:
170:
146:Charadriiformes
91:
83:
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52:Winter plumage
38:Summer plumage
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16:Species of bird
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11:
5:
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1398:
1396:Birds of Korea
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1391:Birds of China
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923:Audouin's gull
920:
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894:
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890:
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886:Heuglin's gull
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826:
821:
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764:Belcher's gull
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724:
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673:External links
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510:(3): 686–699.
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387:kleptoparasite
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306:Saundersilarus
262:in the family
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167:Saundersilarus
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1152:
1151:Sabine's gull
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
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1134:
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1128:
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958:Laughing gull
956:
954:
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950:
948:
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931:
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871:Armenian gull
869:
867:
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854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
840:
839:Thayer's gull
837:
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835:
832:
830:
829:Glaucous gull
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825:
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817:
815:
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795:
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657:on 2013-12-16
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359:Suaeda glauca
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1082:Rhodostethia
1081:
1064:Hydrocoloeus
1063:
1053:
1003:Huahine gull
982:
953:Dolphin gull
942:
897:
861:Caspian gull
834:Iceland gull
819:Western gull
769:Olrog's gull
759:Pacific gull
748:
735:
659:. Retrieved
655:the original
648:
625:
601:
594:
575:
553:. Retrieved
532:
507:
503:
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475:. Retrieved
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317:habitat loss
314:
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293:phylogenetic
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245:
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235:
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186:
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166:
165:
18:
1288:iNaturalist
1090:Ross's gull
1072:Little gull
1024:Andean gull
993:Silver gull
944:Leucophaeus
933:Relict gull
899:Ichthyaetus
784:Common gull
539:Gill, Frank
371:mudskippers
340:little gull
334:Description
1375:Categories
1353:Xeno-canto
1133:Ivory gull
913:Sooty gull
721:: Laridae)
661:2013-12-12
555:2023-12-20
477:2013-12-11
434:References
418:vulnerable
402:incubation
394:monogamous
74:Vulnerable
1125:Pagophila
973:Grey gull
968:Lava gull
485:cite iucn
398:territory
303:monotypic
276:estuarine
181:Species:
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
1227:Q1070365
1221:Wikidata
1161:Creagrus
578:. Helm.
545:(eds.).
524:16054399
357:species
272:habitats
222:Synonyms
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
1280:6065815
1236:Avibase
737:Species
365:Biology
280:marshes
264:Laridae
215:, 1871)
213:Swinhoe
162:Genus:
156:Laridae
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
1345:373759
1332:328045
1306:824042
1293:144500
1254:857360
719:family
613:
582:
550:(xlsx)
522:
422:Suaeda
408:Status
354:Suaeda
175:, 1926
173:Dwight
1267:5YGFL
1101:Rissa
750:Larus
728:Genus
715:Gulls
383:worms
375:crabs
288:Larus
284:genus
268:Macau
254:) or
1327:NCBI
1301:ITIS
1275:GBIF
1249:BOLD
1143:Xema
611:ISBN
580:ISBN
520:PMID
489:help
472:2012
414:IUCN
381:and
379:fish
274:are
260:gull
136:Aves
1314:NBN
1262:CoL
607:348
512:doi
1377::
1355::
1342::
1329::
1316::
1303::
1290::
1277::
1264::
1251::
1238::
1223::
651:)"
634:^
609:.
564:^
518:.
508:37
506:.
483:{{
470:.
464:.
442:^
377:,
373:,
330:.
312:.
1005:†
717:(
707:e
700:t
693:v
664:.
619:.
588:.
558:.
526:.
514::
491:)
480:.
462:"
458:"
248:(
211:(
81:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
