4665:, was called in for questioning on 30 June 2014. It is believed to be the first time a former French president has been held in police custody, although his predecessor, Jacques Chirac, was found guilty of embezzlement and breach of trust while he was mayor of Paris and given a suspended prison sentence in 2011. After 15 hours in police custody, Sarkozy was put under official investigation for "active corruption", "misuse of influence" and "obtained through a breach of professional secrecy" on 2 July 2014. Mr Azibert and Sarkozy's lawyer, Thierry Herzog, are also now under official investigation. The two accusations carry sentences of up to 10 years in prison. The developments were seen as a blow to Sarkozy's attempts to challenge for the presidency in 2017. Nevertheless, he later stood as a candidate for the Republican party nomination, but was eliminated from the contest in November 2016. A trial on this case, Sarkozy's first, started on 23 November 2020.
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5469:"Sarkozy" is the westernized, or internationalized, version of his Hungarian name. In Hungarian, the given name comes last rather than first. The French aristocratic particle "de" is also used instead of the Hungarian aristocratic ending "-i". This westernization of Hungarian names is frequent, particularly for people with an aristocratic name. For example, the leader of Hungary from 1920 to 1944, whose Hungarian name is nagybĂĄnyai Horthy MiklĂłs, is known in English as
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presidency, and end the president's right of collective pardon. They would allow the president to address parliament in-session, and parliament to set its own agenda. They would give parliament a veto over some presidential appointments, while ending government control over parliament's committee system. He has claimed that these reforms strengthen parliament, while some opposition socialist lawmakers have described it as a "consolidation of a monocracy".
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4600:, the exact words Sarkozy had uttered. Eon was arrested for causing offence to the presidential function and the prosecutor, who in France indirectly reports to the president, requested a fine of âŹ1000. The court eventually imposed a symbolic âŹ30 suspended fine, which has generally been interpreted as a defeat for the prosecution side. This incident was widely reported on, in particular as Sarkozy, as president of the Republic, is
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4624:, on 12 September 2006, he denounced what he called the "French arrogance" and said: "It is bad manners to embarrass one's allies or sound like one is taking delight in their troubles." He added: "We must never again turn our disagreements into a crisis." Chirac reportedly said in private that Sarkozy's speech was "appalling" and "a shameful act".
2946:. During his tenure, he increased France's public debt more than any other French Budget Minister, by the equivalent of âŹ200 billion (US$ 260 billion) (FY 1994â1996). The first two budgets he submitted to the parliament (budgets for FY1994 and FY1995) assumed a yearly budget deficit equivalent to six percent of GDP. According to the
3058:. Unlike the Catholic Church in France with their official leaders or Protestants with their umbrella organisations, the French Muslim community had a lack of structure with no group that could legitimately deal with the French government on their behalf. Sarkozy supported the foundation in May 2003 of the private non-profit
3304:. Since his party was divided on the issue, Sarkozy stepped in and organised meetings between various parties involved. Later, groups such as the Odebi League and EUCD.info alleged that Sarkozy personally and unofficially supported certain amendments to the law, which enacted strong penalties against designers of
4410:, which has been seen by some as a cult. Sarkozy was criticized by some after he claimed "the roots of France are essentially Christian" at a December 2007 speech in Rome. Similarly, he drew criticism after he called Islam "one of the greatest and most beautiful civilizations the world has known" at a speech in
2995:, despite Sarkozy's support of Edouard Balladur for President in 1995. Following Chirac's 14 July keynote speech on road safety, Sarkozy as Minister of the Interior pushed through new legislation leading to the mass purchase of speed cameras and a campaign to increase the awareness of dangers on the roads.
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On 1 July 2014 Sarkozy was detained for questioning by police over claims he had promised a prestigious role in Monaco to a high-ranking judge, Gilbert
Azibert, in exchange for information about the investigation into alleged illegal campaign funding. Mr Azibert, one of the most senior judges at the
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of corruption in two separate trials. His first conviction resulted in him receiving a sentence of three years, two of them suspended and one in prison; he has appealed against the ruling. For his second conviction in
September 2021, he received a one-year sentence, which he is allowed to serve under
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While quickly crossing the hall
Saturday morning, in the middle of the crowd, Sarkozy encounters a recalcitrant visitor who refuses to shake his hand. "Ah no, don't touch me!", said the man. The president retorted immediately: "Get lost, then." "You're making me dirty", yelled the man. With a frozen
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frequently wears flats when in public with him. In 2009, a worker at a factory where
Sarkozy gave a speech said she was asked to stand next to him because she was of a similar height to Sarkozy. (This story was corroborated by some trade union officials.) This was the subject of a political row: the
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candidate, received the most votes in the first round held on 22 April election, with
Sarkozy coming second, meaning that both progressed to the second round of voting on 5â6 May 2012. Sarkozy lost in the runoff and conceded to Hollande. He received an estimated 48.38% compared to Hollande's 51.62%.
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On 21 July 2008, the French parliament passed constitutional reforms which
Sarkozy had made one of the key pledges of his presidential campaign. The vote was 539 to 357, one vote over the three-fifths majority required; the changes are not yet finalized. They would introduce a two-term limit for the
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In French: "Lors de sa traversĂ©e Ă©clair du salon samedi matin, en plein bain de foule, Sarkozy croise un visiteur rĂ©calcitrant qui refuse sa poignĂ©e de main. «Ah non, touche-moi pas», prĂ©vient-il. Le chef de l'Ătat rĂ©torque sans dĂ©tour: «Casse-toi, alors.» «Tu me salis», embraye l'homme. Le sourire
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He is still a force in conservative politics in France. "Sarkozy retired from active politics in 2017, but is still playing a role behind the scenes. French media have reported that he is involved in the process of choosing a conservative candidate ahead of France's presidential election next year.
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During the campaign, rival candidates had accused
Sarkozy of being a "candidate for brutality" and of presenting hard-line views about France's future. Opponents also accused him of courting conservative voters in policy-making in a bid to capitalise on right-wing sentiments among some communities.
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On 21 March, President
Jacques Chirac announced his support for Sarkozy. Chirac pointed out that Sarkozy had been chosen as presidential candidate for the ruling UMP party, and said: "So it is totally natural that I give him my vote and my support." To focus on his campaign, Sarkozy stepped down as
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designed to admit the skilled workers needed by the French economy. He also wanted to reform the current French system for foreign students, saying that it enabled foreign students to take open-ended curricula in order to obtain residency in France; instead, he wanted to select the best students to
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In
October 2009, Sarkozy was accused of nepotism for helping his son, Jean, try to become head of the public body running France's biggest business district EPAD. On 3 July 2012, French police raided Sarkozy's residence and office as part of a probe into claims that Sarkozy was involved in illegal
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On 30 July 2010, Sarkozy suggested a new policy of security, and he proposed "stripping foreign-born French citizens who opted to acquire their nationality at their majority of their citizenship if they are convicted of threatening the life of a police officer or other serious crimes". This policy
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Sarkozy said that being kept at a distance by his father shaped much of who he is today. He also has said that, in his early years, he felt inferior in relation to his wealthier and taller classmates. "What made me who I am now is the sum of all the humiliations suffered during childhood", he said
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as well as social basis, saying "... I'd be inclined to think that one is born a paedophile, and it is actually a problem that we do not know how to cure this disease"; he claimed that suicides among youth were linked to genetic predispositions by stating, "I don't want to give parents a complex.
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energy package before the end of his EU Presidency. This energy package would clearly define climate change objectives for the EU and hold members to specific reductions in emissions. In further support of his collaborative outlook on climate change, Sarkozy has led the EU into a partnership with
2916:, wanted to become mayor, and asked Sarkozy to organize his campaign. Instead Sarkozy took that opportunity to propel himself into the office of mayor. He was the youngest mayor of any town in France with a population of over 50,000. He served from 1983 to 2002. In 1988, he became a deputy in the
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but insisted that "Russia will remain our neighbour whether we like it or not. We must find ways and means to re-establish neighbourly, or at least calmer, relations" and "take into account Russiaâs historic fear of being encircled by unfriendly neighbours." Critics have reproved his comments as
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published a report stating that the military intervention "was based on erroneous assumptions" that the threat of a massacre of civilian populations has been "overvalued" and that the coalition "Has not verified the real threat to civilians"; He also believes that the true motivations of
Nicolas
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policies. As the French President, one of his first actions was to give himself a pay raise: his yearly salary went from âŹ101,000 to âŹ240,000, matching other European officeholders. He is also entitled to a mayoral, parliamentarian and presidential pension as a former Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine,
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of corruption in two separate trials. His first conviction resulted in him receiving a sentence of three years, two suspended, and one in prison; he appealed against the ruling. He received a one-year sentence for his second conviction, which he is allowed to serve under home confinement. In May
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of the Socialists with 25.87 percent. In the second round, Sarkozy came out on top to win the election with 53.06 percent of the votes ahead of SĂ©golĂšne Royal with 46.94 percent. In his speech immediately following the announcement of the election results, Sarkozy stressed the need for France's
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On 20 May 2021, a second criminal trial, this time pertaining to the Bygmalion Scandal related to illegal campaign funding, began for Sarkozy, as well as 13 other defendants who were said to have been involved in the Bygmalion scandal. Sarkozy's second corruption trial involved allegations of
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of his predecessors, declaring that "laissez-faire capitalism is over" and denouncing the "dictatorship of the market". Confronted with the suggestion that he had become a socialist, he responded: "Have I become socialist? Perhaps." He has also pledged to create 100,000 state-subsidised jobs.
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On 23 July 2008, parliament voted the "loi de modernisation de l'Ă©conomie" (Modernization of the Economy Law) which loosened restrictions on retail prices and reduced limitations on the creation of businesses. The Government has also made changes to long-standing French work-hour regulations,
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During his second term at the Ministry of the Interior, Sarkozy was initially more discreet about his ministerial activities: instead of focusing on his own topic of law and order, many of his declarations addressed wider issues, since he was expressing his opinions as head of the UMP party.
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In February 2024, an appeals court in Paris upheld a lower court decision requiring Sarkozy to serve his sentence for the campaign overspending conviction. However, the one-year sentence was revised so he would instead serve six months of it in prison and six months of it suspended.
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modernisation, but also called for national unity, mentioning that Royal was in his thoughts. In that speech, he claimed "The French have chosen to break with the ideas, habits and behaviour of the past. I will restore the value of work, authority, merit and respect for the nation."
5473:. The French name of PĂĄl SĂĄrközy de Nagy-BĂłcsa changed in 1948 to Paul Ătienne Arnaud Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa when PĂĄl was translated as Paul in French. The acute accents on the "a" of Sarközy and the "o" of Bocsa were dropped as these letters never carry an acute accent (
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In June 2004, Sarkozy reached an agreement with the major retail chains in France to concertedly lower prices on household goods by an average of two percent; the success of this measure is disputed, with studies suggesting that the decrease was close to one percent in
3187:. After the accidental death of two youths, which sparked the riots, Sarkozy first blamed it on "hoodlums" and gangsters. These remarks were sharply criticised by many on the left wing and by a member of his own government, Delegate Minister for Equal Opportunities
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diverting tens of millions of euros which was intended to be spent on his failed 2012 re-election campaign and then hiring a PR firm to cover it up. The illicit campaign finance money was instead used to overspend on lavish campaign rallies and events.
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in August 2023, Sarkozy said that Ukraine should remain "neutral" and not join NATO or the EU; that France and Russia "need each other"; and that Macron should "renew dialogue" with Putin. In the same interview, Sarkozy called for Ukraine to accept the
3921:(NTC), brought to him by Bernard-Henri Levy who mediated at the meeting. Nicolas Sarkozy promised them a no-fly zone would be imposed on Gaddafi's aeroplanes. He also promised them French military assistance. On 17 March 2011, at the behest of France,
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On 30 September 2021, Sarkozy was convicted along with his co-defendants. For this conviction, Sarkozy was given a one-year prison sentence, though he was also given the option to serve this sentence at home with an electronic bracelet.
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In the cabinet reshuffle of 30 April 2004, Sarkozy became Finance Minister. Tensions continued to build between Sarkozy and Chirac and within the UMP party, as Sarkozy's intentions of becoming head of the party after the resignation of
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journalist Colin Randall has highlighted Sarkozy's tighter control of his image and frequent interventions in the media: "he censors a book, or fires the chief editor of a weekly".Sarkozy lost a suit against a manufacturer of Sarkozy
4521:, Senegal, written by Henri Guaino, in which he claimed that "the African has never really entered into history". The controversial remarks were widely condemned by Africans, with some viewing them as racist. South African president
3006:
In party elections of 10 November 2004, Sarkozy became leader of the UMP with 85% of the vote. In accordance with an agreement with Chirac, he resigned as Finance Minister. Sarkozy's ascent was marked by the division of UMP between
8559:«Le nouveau président de la République a marqué des points grùce à son style direct, son art de la communication, son omniprésence sur tous les fronts intérieurs et extérieurs, sa volonté affichée d'engager les réformes promises»
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to France over the objections of both the political opposition, and members of his own government. The visit marked the first time Gaddafi had been to France in more than 35 years and, during it, France agreed to sell Libya 21
3506:, supposed to prepare the replacement of only a third of all civil servants who retire. However, after 17 June parliamentary elections, the Cabinet was adjusted to 15 ministers and 16 deputy ministers, totalling 31 officials.
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In 2023, Sarkozy's attempt to appeal the decision was denied and he has been banned from holding public office for three years and but will still have the option of serving his sentence from home with an electronic bracelet.
4022:
On 19 September 2014, Sarkozy announced that he was returning to politics and would run for chairman of the UMP party. and was elected to the post on 29 November 2014. Led by Sarkozy, UMP won over two-thirds of the 102 local
4713:. Both men were tried with him and convicted as well. Sarkozy and his two co-defendants were sentenced to three years, two of them suspended, and one in prison. Sarkozy appealed the ruling, which suspends its application.
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was adopted by the Security Council of the United Nations, permitting the creation of a "no fly" zone over Libya, and for the undertaking of "necessary measures" for the protection of the country's civilian population.
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2023, Sarkozy lost an appeal to his corruption conviction. In February 2024, his one-year sentence for the campaign finance conviction was revised so he would instead serve six months in prison and six months suspended.
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for lack of proof. On 22 June 2005 Sarkozy told law enforcement officials that he had questioned the Minister of Justice about the future of "the judge" who had freed a man on parole who had later committed a murder.
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4839:"shameful" and "shocking", and others have accused Sarkozy of being a "Kremlin influencer". Sarkozy has also received support from others for his position, arguing that it presents a "diplomatic way out" of the war.
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in the nationwide elections on 29 March 2015. On 13 December, the Republicans won the majority of regional office races, another set of national elections. (On 30 May the UMP's name was changed to the Republicans.)
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After the rioting, he made a number of announcements on future policy: selection of immigrants, greater tracking of immigrants, and a reform on the 1945 ordinance government justice measures for young delinquents.
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2849:, political innovation and willingness to "make a dramatic break" amid mounting disaffection against "politics as usual". Overall, he is considered more pro-American and pro-Israeli than most French politicians.
4307:, the successive presidents were traditionally focused on the foreign policy of the country and on international relations, leaving the Prime Minister and the government to determine the domestic policy, as the
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to be its candidate in the 2007 presidential election. Sarkozy, who was running unopposed, won 98 percent of the votes. Of the 327,000 UMP members who could vote, 69 percent participated in the online ballot.
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2707:(born in 1986), now a local politician in the city of Neuilly-sur-Seine where Sarkozy started his own political career. Sarkozy divorced Culioli in 1996, after they had been separated for several years.
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4914:(6th constituency): 1988â1993 (became minister in 1993) / 1995â2002 (became minister in 2002) / MarchâJune 2005 (became minister in June 2005). Elected in 1988, reelected in 1993, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2005.
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Sarkozy wielded special international power when France held the rotating EU Council Presidency from July 2008 through December 2008. Sarkozy has publicly stated his intention to attain EU approval of a
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3066:, mostly in order to be able to finance mosques and other Muslim institutions with public funds so that they are less reliant on money from outside France. It was not followed by any concrete measure.
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On 16 February 2016, Sarkozy was indicted on "illegal financing of political campaign" charges related to overspending in his 2012 presidential campaign and retained as witness in connection with the
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from 2007 to 2012. In 2021, he was found guilty of having tried to bribe a judge in 2014 to obtain information and spending beyond legal campaign funding limits during his 2012 re-election campaign.
4790:(disclaimer by the same person in another video) that he had personally handed three briefcases stuffed with cash to Sarkozy. French magistrates later acquired diaries of former Libyan oil minister
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Towards the end of his first term as Minister of the Interior, in 2004, Sarkozy was the most divisive conservative politician in France, according to polls conducted at the beginning of 2004.
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During Sarkozy's childhood, his father founded his own advertising agency and became wealthy. The family lived in a mansion owned by Sarkozy's maternal grandfather, Benedict Mallah, in the
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found former French President Nicolas Sarkozy guilty of corruption, trading in influence in a wiretapping and illegal data exchange case involving a number of individuals like magistrate
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Between 2002 and 2005, the couple often appeared together on public occasions, with CĂ©cilia Sarkozy acting as the chief aide for her husband. On 25 May 2005, however, the Swiss newspaper
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on the "o" of Sårközy was kept, probably because French typewriters allow this combination, whereas it is impossible to write "a" or "o" with an acute accent using a French typewriter.
4809:. Djouhri was an associate of Sarkozy and had refused to respond to a French judicial summons for questioning over allegations he had helped launder Libyan funds on behalf of Sarkozy.
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identified him as a politician of the far right. His period as Minister of the Interior saw the use of police as shock troops in the "banlieues", and a police "raid" on the suburb of
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4242:, which was preparing to publish an article concerning Ciganer-Albéniz's decision not to vote in the second round of the 2007 presidential election. In its edition of 9 August 2007,
3218:, the French conservative party, elected with 85 percent of the vote. During his presidency, the number of members increased significantly. In 2005, he supported a "yes" vote in the
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3498:(ENA). The ministers were reorganised, with the controversial creation of a 'Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Co-Development'âgiven to his right-hand man
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Bajos, Par Sandrine; Balle, Catherine; BĂ©rard, Christophe; Berrod, Nicolas; Bureau, Ăric; Choulet, FrĂ©dĂ©ric; Collet, Emeline; Souza, Pascale De; Doukhan, David (11 November 2023).
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However, his popularity was sufficient to see him polling as the frontrunner throughout the later campaign period, consistently ahead of rival Socialist candidate, SĂ©golĂšne Royal.
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3552:. In his speech he spoke out against Quebec separatism, but recognized Quebec as a nation within Canada. He said that, to France, Canada was a friend, and Quebec was family.
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On 6 May 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy became the sixth person to be elected President of the Fifth Republic (which was established in 1958), and the 23rd President in French history.
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students. Described as a quiet student, Sarkozy soon joined the right-wing student organization, in which he was very active. He completed his military service as a part-time
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10085:"L'émission Cash Investigation met en cause la Société générale et cite l'avocat Arnaud Claude, associé de Nicolas Sarkozy, dans son émission sur le scandale Panama Papers"
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during the General Debate of the 63rd Session, 23 September 2008. Nicolas Sarkozy addressed the Assembly both as President of France and as President of the European Union
11228:"Le prĂ©sident des Ămirats arabes Unis, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, reçoit le prĂ©sident Nicolas Sarkozy au Palais prĂ©sidentiel d'Abu Dhabi, aux Ămirats arabes Unis"
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3657:(IMF). Critics alleged that Sarkozy proposed to nominate Strauss-Kahn as managing director of the IMF to deprive the Socialist Party of one of its more popular figures.
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for mosques to encourage Islamic integration into French society. He has opposed financing of religious institutions with funds from outside France. After meeting with
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Nicolas Sarkozy and General Jean-Louis Georgelin, Chief of the Defence Staff, reviewing troops during the Bastille Day 2008 military parade on the Champs-ĂlysĂ©es, Paris
3132:, wanted it abolished. For Sarkozy, that would have risked being categorised by the left as a gift to the richest classes of society at a time of economic difficulties.
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and Villepin. His ministerial responsibilities included law enforcement and working to co-ordinate relationships between the national and local governments, as well as
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by a 3.2% margin. After leaving the presidential office, Sarkozy vowed to retire from public life before coming back in 2014 and being reelected as UMP leader (renamed
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7711:"Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2012 Sarkozy lost the second round to the socialist candidate François Hollande making Hollande the new President of France"
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3860:. "We are on the path to failure if we continue to act as we have", French President Nicolas Sarkozy cautioned at the U.N. Climate Summit on 22 September 2009.
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He called for coercive methods to promote "métissage," a melting pot society, which he called an "obligation" during a press conference on 17 December 2008.
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After his defeat at the 2012 election, Nicolas Sarkozy asked his supporters to respect Hollande's victory. He invited his successor to attend his last 8 May
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10946:"Le président français Nicolas Sarkozy reçoit la médaille du Grand Moubarak Al Kebir de sa Cheikh Sabah Al Ahmed Al Jaber Al Sabah au Palais Bayan à Koweït"
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It's not exclusively the parents' fault every time a youngster commits suicide." These statements were criticised by some scientists, including geneticist
3337:, when asked by a journalist whether he thought about the presidential election when he shaved in the morning, Sarkozy commented, "Not just when I shave".
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is a 2011 film that dramatizes Sarkozy's rise to power, with candid portrayals of Nicolas Sarkozy himself, Chirac and Villepin. It was shown at the 2011
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10982:"Le roi Mohammed VI du Maroc remet le cadeau de Wissan Mohammad au président français Nicolas Sarkozy lors d'une réception au palais royal de Marrakech"
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grandfather converted to Catholicism to marry Sarkozy's French Catholic maternal grandmother. They were married in the Saint-François-de-Sales church,
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In March 2011, after having been criticized for his unwillingness to support the Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions, and persuaded by the philosopher
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Sarkozy is reported by Reuters to be sensitive about his height; believed to be 165 cm (e.g. 5 ft 5 in). The French media have pointed out that
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The couple have a daughter, Giulia, born on 19 October 2011. It was the first time a French president has publicly had a child while in office.
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3777:) protested against this new decree, opposing itself to the recording of fingerprints and to the interconnection between the SIS and the FPR.
3490:'s economic adviser at the beginning of her campaign. Sarkozy also appointed seven women to form a total cabinet of 15; one, Justice Minister
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4450:", a slang term which can be translated into English as "rabble", "scum" or "riff-raff", in answer to a resident who addressed Sarkozy with "
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In the midst of a tense period and following the death of an 11-year-old boy, caught in the crossfire of a gang brawl in the Paris suburb of
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5860:"CorfĂč, il vertice del disgelo "Riparte collaborazione Nato-Russia" Il Cavaliere: "Mandai il mio avvocato Sarkozy da lui per la Georgia...""
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without resigning from the UMP leadership. This was confirmed on 2 June 2005, when the members of the government were officially announced.
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4514:. Sarkozy later added, "What part is innate and what part is acquired? At least let's debate it, let's not close the door to all debate."
3913:, Nicolas Sarkozy was amongst the first Heads of State to demand the resignation of Gaddafi and his government, which was then fighting a
3225:
Throughout 2005, Sarkozy called for radical changes in France's economic and social policies. These calls culminated in an interview with
2601:, a private Catholic school in the 17th arrondissement, where he was reportedly a mediocre student, but where he nonetheless obtained his
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president's office called the accusation "completely absurd and grotesque", while the Socialist Party mocked his fastidious preparation.
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Sarkozy is generally disliked by the left and has been criticised by some on the right, most vocally by moderate Gaullist supporters of
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The first round of the presidential election was held on 22 April 2007. Sarkozy came in first with 31.18 percent of the votes, ahead of
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allowing employers to negotiate overtime with employees and making all hours worked past the traditional French 35-hour week tax-free.
2957:. After Chirac won the election, Sarkozy lost his position as Minister for the Budget, and found himself outside the circles of power.
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all spoke in favour of a Canada â EU free trade agreement. In October 2008, Sarkozy became the first French President to address the
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At the same time, from 1993 to 1995, he was Minister for the Budget and spokesman for the executive in the cabinet of Prime Minister
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that the Libyan state had donated âŹ50 million to Sarkozy's 2007 presidential campaign in exchange for access and favors by Sarkozy.
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13607:
12905:
11044:"Le président Nicolas Sarkozy pose aprÚs avoir reçu la médaille du roi Abdelaziz à la résidence du roi à Riyad, en Arabie Saoudite"
10964:"Le président français Nicolas Sarkozy pose avec des médailles remises par le président libanais Michel Sleiman à l'Elysée à Paris"
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11026:"L'émir cheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani du Qatar reçoit le président français Nicolas Sarkozy au Palais Emiri de Doha, au Qatar"
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2731:. In 1988, she left her husband for Sarkozy, and divorced one year later. She and Sarkozy married in October 1996, with witnesses
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11663:, Grand Livre du mois 2004, subject(s): Chirac, Jacques (1932â), Sarkozy, Nicolas (1955â), FranceâPolitique et gouvernementâ1995â
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on 8 September 2005, during which he claimed that the French had been misled for 30 years by false promises. Among other issues:
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put law enforcement in the spotlight again. Sarkozy was accused of having provoked the unrest by calling young delinquents from
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3389:. "This would allow permanently having an operational ship, taking into account the constraints of maintenance", he explained.
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and the possibility for same-sex partners to inherit under the same regime as married couples. The law was voted in July 2007.
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President of the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine: 2004â2007 (resignation, became President of the French Republic in 2007).
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of a judge. The trial was postponed until November 26, following a request from one of his co-defendants for health reasons.
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to back his planned buyout firm. He abandoned his private equity plans when he decided to make a political comeback in 2014.
3937:. These actions of Nicolas Sarkozy were favorably received by the majority of the French political class and public opinion.
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But the pair of convictions could force Sarkozy to play a more discreet role in 2022's presidential race." Sarkozy endorsed
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3902:'s official visit to Nicolas Sarkozy in December 2007 triggered a strong wave of protests against the President in France.
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states it, Nicolas Sarkozy appeared to determine both the foreign and domestic policy. Some compared Nicolas Sarkozy to
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Furthermore, he announced on 24 July 2007, that French and European representatives had obtained the extradition of the
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from 1947 to 1983 and Sarkozy's political mentor. They had two sons, Pierre (born in 1985), now a hip-hop producer, and
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8883:"Banlieues : filmer et raconter avec Françoise Laborde, Claude Dilain, Nicolas Comte, Guillaume Biet (Les videos)"
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11000:"N° 7857 du VENDREDI 25 AVRIL 2008 * Ordonnance Souveraine n° 1.622 du 25 avril 2008 portant élévation à la dignité d"
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Less than a month after separating from CĂ©cilia, Sarkozy met Italian-born singer, songwriter and former fashion model
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subsequently published several documents appearing to prove a payment of âŹ50 million, and also published a claim by
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Shortly after, Sarkozy briefly considered a career in private equity and secured a âŹ250 million commitment from the
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Sarkozy married his first wife, Marie-Dominique Culioli, on 23 September 1982, with prominent right-wing politician
814:
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9206:"SĂCURITĂ â Aubry dĂ©nonce la "dĂ©rive antirĂ©publicaine" de Sarkozy et de sa majoritĂ©, actualitĂ© Politique: Le Point"
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4093:. At issue for Sarkozy were campaign costs exceeding the maximum allowed, and how they were paid. In 2021, Sarkozy
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China. On 6 December 2008, Nicolas Sarkozy, as part of France's then presidency of the Council of the EU, met the
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Sarkozy opened another avenue of controversy by declaring that he wanted a reform of the immigration system, with
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in which payments to Sarkozy were mentioned. Shortly thereafter, however, Ghanem was found dead, floating in the
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A few weeks before the first round of the 2007 presidential elections, Sarkozy had an interview with philosopher
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In September 2005 Sarkozy was accused of pushing for a hasty inquiry into an arson attack on a police station in
3737:
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Sarkozy was a likely candidate for the presidency in 2007; in an oft-repeated comment made on television channel
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affair, when he allegedly forced its director to resign following an article on his ex-wife and her affair with
4155:, Independent Member of the Board of Directors and Chairman of the International Strategy Committee (since 2017)
3494:, is the first woman of Northern African origin to serve in a French cabinet. Of the 15, two attended the elite
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8032:"Marche contre l'antisémitisme : François Hollande, Marylise Léon, AgnÚs Jaoui... pourquoi ils s'engagent"
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The official transfer of power from Chirac to Sarkozy took place on 16 May at 11:00 am (9:00 UTC) at the
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grandfather was more of an influence on him than his father, whom he rarely saw. Sarkozy was raised Catholic.
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11213:ĐŁĐșĐ°Đ· ĐŃĐ”Đ·ĐžĐŽĐ”ĐœŃĐ° ĐŁĐșŃĐ°ŃĐœĐž No. 934/2010 ĐČŃĐŽ 6 Đ¶ĐŸĐČŃĐœŃ 2010 ŃĐŸĐșŃ Â«ĐŃĐŸ ĐœĐ°ĐłĐŸŃĐŸĐŽĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃ ĐŸŃĐŽĐ”ĐœĐŸĐŒ ĐșĐœŃĐ·Ń ĐŻŃĐŸŃлаĐČĐ° ĐŃĐŽŃĐŸĐłĐŸÂ»
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resigned, in 1999, he took the leadership of the Neo-Gaullist party. But it obtained its worst result at the
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1213:
1155:
14312:
10910:"En visite d'Etat en France: Le couple présidentiel ivoirien au Dßner d'Etat offert par SEM Nicolas Sarkozy"
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4995:: 2004â2007 and 2014-2015 (resignation, became President of the French Republic in 2007). Reelected in 2014.
4974:
Municipal councillor of Neuilly-sur-Seine: 1977â2005 (resignation). Reelected in 1983, 1989, 1995, and 2001.
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in Poland and outraged China, which has announced that it would postpone the China-EU summit indefinitely.
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Sarkozy has sought to ease the sometimes tense relationships between the general French population and the
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smuggles its rockets into Gaza through the Egyptian border. Welcoming the proposal, US Secretary of State
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In 1993, Sarkozy was in the national news for personally negotiating with the "Human Bomb", a man who had
2912:. Sarkozy had been close to Peretti, as his mother was Peretti's secretary. A more senior RPR councillor,
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profiling program of travellers in airports. The program, called 'Parafes', was to use fingerprints. The
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at a dinner party, and soon entered into a relationship with her. They married on 2 February 2008 at the
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aircraft and signed a nuclear cooperation agreement. Negotiations for the purchase of more than a dozen
3895:
Sarkozy at the Paris Summit of 19 March 2011, which marked the start of a military intervention in Libya
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Sarkozy is recognized by French parties on both the Right and Left as a skilled politician and striking
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in October 2005 led to two boys being electrocuted in a power sub-station. The riots began that night.
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10323:"France's ex-president Nicolas Sarkozy to serve a year of house arrest for illegal campaign financing"
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7954:"France's ex-president Nicolas Sarkozy to serve a year of house arrest for illegal campaign financing"
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42:
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7664:"Royaume-Uni : un rapport parlementaire Ă©reinte Sarkozy et Cameron pour l'intervention en Libye"
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5186:
4751:
Shortly after his inauguration as President of France in 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy invited Libyan leader
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where they expressed their enthusiasm for the "exciting place" as well as their deep friendship with
4054:. He decided to endorse Fillon and signaled that he was retiring from politics.Being defeated at the
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3721:, but did not reduce state expenditures. He was criticised by the European Commission for doing so.
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antitank missile sale. The contract was the first made by Libya since 2004, and was negotiated with
3571:, regarding the release of hostages held by the rebel group, especially Franco-Colombian politician
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se crispe. Sarkozy lùche, desserrant à peine les dents, un raffiné «Casse-toi alors, pauv'con, va.»
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3078:, Sarkozy was responsible for introducing a number of policies. The degree to which this reflected
3039:
reported a rumour that Sarkozy was to be reappointed Minister of the Interior in the government of
3030:. (As required by the constitution, he had to resign as a deputy when he became minister in 2002.)
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La République, les religions, l'espérance : entretiens avec Thibaud Collin et Philippe Verdin
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Former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi allegedly paid âŹ50 million to Sarkozy in exchange for access.
3602:. Another 128 million euro contract would have been signed, according to Tripoli, with EADS for a
2777:
Sarkozy and CĂ©cilia ultimately divorced on 15 October 2007, soon after his election as president.
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1987:
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Minister of State, minister of Economy, Finance and Industry: MarchâNovember 2004 (resignation).
4871:
Minister of State, minister of Interior, of the Internal Security and Local Freedoms: 2002â2004.
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3086:(intervention) is controversial. He resigned the day following his election as president of the
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11335:
10803:"G1 > Mundo â NOTĂCIAS â Lula e Sarkozy reforçarĂŁo associação militar entre França e Brasil"
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Sarkozy â MĂ©tissage obligatoire | cultural mixing is necessary [full press conference]
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security, health care and immigration pactsâand a $ 230 million (168 million euros)
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Caricature of Nicolas Sarkozy about his words "Casse-toi alors, pauvre con!" on February 2008
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3917:. On 10 March 2011, Nicolas Sarkozy welcomed to the Elysee Palace, three emissaries from the
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9047:"Tollé dans la communauté scientifique aprÚs les propos de Nicolas Sarkozy sur la génétique"
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4956:-Nord: 1985â1988 / 2004â2007 (Resignation, became President of the French Republic in 2007).
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3575:. According to some sources, Sarkozy himself asked for Uribe to release FARC's "chancellor"
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11454:, subject(s): Pratiques politiquesâFranceâ1990â, FranceâPolitique et gouvernementâ1997â2002
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4323:, as a Prime Minister. Fillon was accused of being an instrument of the President's power.
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Sarkozy were to serve French interests and to "improve his political situation in France".
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Généralisation du fichage biométrique volontaire des voyageurs dans les aéroports français
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Communiqué de la Présidence de la République concernant la nomination du Premier ministre.
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as president, to describe his desire to control everything. Whereas in the history of the
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Nicolas Sarkozy joins AccorHotels' Board of Directors to support its international vision
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smile, Sarkozy says, his teeth glistening, a refined "Get lost, then, poor dumb-ass, go."
4225:
4211:. However, Sarkozy has also been named as the third worst-dressed person in the world by
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2991:), Chirac appointed Sarkozy as Minister of the Interior in the cabinet of Prime Minister
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and daughter of a Moldovan father), when he officiated at her wedding to television host
2683:
serving as best man. (Pasqua later became a political opponent.) Culioli's father was a
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102:
16300:
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15516:
15035:
14576:
14414:
14366:
13459:
12913:
12896:
12639:
9351:
7613:
5776:
5309:
5293:
3701:
3016:
2939:
2341:
2039:
1887:
1686:
387:
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15879:
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13383:
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12367:
12078:
11562:
11524:
10927:
6871:
6573:
4968:
Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine: 1983â2002 (resignation). Reelected in 1989, 1995, and 2001.
4642:
4620:
expressed France's opposition to the war. Talking at the French-American Foundation in
4601:
4531:
4074:
3949:
3906:
3857:
3714:
3583:
3532:
3502:âand of a 'Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts and Civil Administration'âhanded out to
3448:
3353:
3208:
2868:, making him effectively the number three official in the French State after President
2806:
2688:
2633:
2495:
2486:
2424:
2416:
2392:
2143:
2091:
2067:
1971:
1909:
1572:
1562:
1492:
1368:
1283:
1278:
1138:
1133:
864:
16988:
16912:
16637:
16390:
16250:
16205:
16155:
16105:
15920:
15915:
15903:
15773:
15761:
15657:
15408:
15283:
15125:
14264:
13365:
13344:
13332:
12624:
12415:
12339:
12324:
12270:
11828:
9686:"L'ex-comptable des Bettencourt accuse: des enveloppes d'argent Ă Woerth et Ă Sarkozy"
9297:
7308:
6290:
6022:
4894:
Member of the European Parliament: JulyâSeptember 1999 (resignation). Elected in 1999.
4743:
4374:
4320:
4146:
4047:
3993:
commemoration in office. His last day as President of the French Republic was 15 May.
3463:
3094:
In September 2004, Sarkozy oversaw the reduction of the government ownership stake in
2965:
1681:
1666:
1482:
1268:
216:
125:
17057:
16894:
16418:
16400:
16335:
16180:
16145:
16125:
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15995:
15960:
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15848:
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15808:
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15717:
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15241:
15119:
15113:
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12068:
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11594:
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11531:
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11489:
11463:
11443:
11423:
11403:
11384:
11365:
10054:
9377:
9318:
8802:
8720:
8619:
8184:
8043:
7527:
6644:
5897:
5893:
5394:
5234:
5142:
5054:
4953:
4525:
praised Sarkozy's speech, which raised criticism by some in the South African media.
4378:
Many on the left distrust Sarkozy; specific "anti-Sarko" movements have been started.
3572:
3526:
3482:. In addition to Kouchner, three more Sarkozy ministers are from the left, including
3357:
3316:
3293:
2947:
2897:
2896:
Sarkozy's political career began when he was 23, when he became a city councillor in
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2716:
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2553:
2549:
2333:
2153:
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1696:
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1323:
1193:
1025:
526:
307:
63:
15707:
15485:
15277:
14924:
14750:
11968:
9626:"France election 2012: Nicolas Sarkozy booted out of office having exhausted France"
8974:"Nicolas Sarkozy veut faire " payer " un juge pour " sa faute ""
7710:
7693:
DĂ©cision du 19 mars 2012 arrĂȘtant la liste des candidats Ă l'Ă©lection prĂ©sidentielle
7382:
6498:
3455:. In the afternoon, the new president flew to Berlin to meet with German Chancellor
2720:
2098:
1308:
1198:
713:
17042:
17037:
16924:
16596:
16543:
16240:
16215:
16200:
16150:
16057:
15940:
15823:
15783:
15703:
15687:
15602:
15468:
15377:
15131:
14852:
14717:
14684:
14672:
14636:
14078:
14060:
13961:
13453:
13355:
13095:
12964:
12461:
10421:"Paris court halves ex-French president Sarkozy's 2012 campaign financing sentence"
10399:"Appeals court upholds prison sentence for former French President Nicolas Sarkozy"
9904:
9872:
9822:
9778:
9735:
8959:
6230:"France's first couple welcomes their baby girl Giulia after low-profile pregnancy"
5023:
4949:
4877:
Minister of State, minister of Interior and Land Planning: 2005â2007 (resignation).
4768:
4621:
4479:
4390:), in which he argued that the young should not be brought up solely on secular or
4070:
3880:
3809:
3471:
3258:
3146:
3023:
2973:
2885:
2764:
the paper. In the meantime, he was said to have had an affair with a journalist of
2637:
2515:
2254:
2105:
1844:
1762:
1706:
1701:
1353:
1273:
1208:
1203:
16310:
16160:
15101:
14540:
14171:
12243:
11276:"Ente â Santissimo Salvatore e Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano"
9417:"" Casse-toi, pauvre con ! " : quatre mots Ă 1 000 euros"
9033:
8768:
7203:
6542:
6330:
5470:
5133:
5037:
4358:
4250:
4224:'s image, Sarkozy takes care of his own personal image, sometimes to the point of
3694:, ratified one of Sarkozy's electoral promises, which was to partially revoke the
3513:
traffic tickets and of releasing thousands of prisoners from overcrowded jails on
3026:) by President Chirac in February 2005. He was re-elected on 13 March 2005 to the
2724:
2583:
1656:
1106:
359:
17151:
16900:
16608:
16315:
16130:
16095:
15965:
15950:
15818:
15813:
15798:
15693:
14930:
14906:
14648:
14564:
14534:
14480:
14474:
14456:
14438:
14426:
14420:
14402:
14396:
14384:
14372:
14360:
14342:
14324:
14306:
14114:
14090:
14072:
14015:
13979:
13481:
13475:
13286:
13270:
13184:
12528:
12167:
12115:
12060:
12008:
11993:
11928:
11903:
11866:
10828:
10579:
10483:
10369:
10347:
10293:
10144:
9986:
9973:
9909:
9877:
9829:
9805:
9785:
9762:
9742:
9692:
9577:
9400:
9358:
9152:
9133:
9105:
9078:
9053:
9012:
8894:
8780:
8402:
8373:
8345:
8317:
8289:
8261:
8231:
8191:
8169:
8147:
8123:
8100:
8076:
7981:"France's ex-President Sarkozy endorses Macron in election battle against Le Pen"
7924:
7914:
BBC News, 13 December 2015 "French Far Right National Front 'Routed' in Key Vote"
7885:
7805:
7801:
7777:
7773:
7619:
7389:
7366:
7315:
7286:
7198:
7170:
7142:
7102:
7074:
7051:
7046:
6997:
6925:
6920:
6891:
6867:
6817:
6797:
6701:
6651:
6593:
6459:
6400:
6337:
6323:
6164:
5925:
5805:
5579:
5539:
5423:
5117:
4945:
Vice-president of the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine: 1986â1988 (resignation).
4787:
4761:
4752:
4706:
4548:
4263:
4103:
3910:
3899:
3853:
3695:
3587:
3560:
Shortly after taking office, Sarkozy began negotiations with Colombian president
3503:
3499:
3452:
3168:
3125:
3102:
3055:
3012:
2987:
In 2002, however, after his re-election as President of the French Republic (see
2950:, the French yearly budget deficit may not exceed three percent of France's GDP.
2909:
2736:
2732:
2696:
2329:
2297:
1962:
1953:
1930:
1757:
1651:
1599:
1442:
1378:
1338:
1303:
1228:
1218:
1006:
876:
549:
451:
251:
17126:
14981:
14828:
14795:
14783:
14618:
14582:
14462:
12879:
11880:
11872:
10445:
10115:"Coronavirus fears postpone corruption trial of former French President Sarkozy"
8649:
8517:
7018:"Tripoli annonce un contrat d'armement avec la France, l'Elysée dans l'embarras"
6790:
6694:
5919:
Sarkozy Closes in on his Goal: Ambition and Honesty on the French Campaign Trail
5665:
3561:
3183:
near Paris, and controversially suggested cleansing the minority suburbs with a
2603:
2163:
1736:
16941:
16720:
16614:
16569:
16428:
16365:
16330:
16305:
16295:
16245:
16190:
16110:
16000:
15980:
15635:
15492:
15202:
15143:
15107:
15083:
15023:
14912:
14858:
14834:
14822:
14801:
14723:
14666:
14660:
14624:
14546:
14486:
14318:
14027:
13985:
13973:
13691:
13679:
13643:
13565:
13377:
13292:
13154:
13029:
12930:
12777:
12586:
12578:
12544:
12537:
12476:
12280:
12206:
12194:
12142:
11933:
11477:
8378:
6503:
5398:
5378:
4911:
4710:
4593:
4345:
4220:
Beside publicising, at times, and at others, refusing to publicise his ex-wife
3967:
Sarkozy was one of ten candidates who qualified for the first round of voting.
3808:
During his 2007 presidential campaign, Sarkozy promised a strengthening of the
3802:
3713:
Sarkozy's UMP majority prepared a budget that reduced taxes, in particular for
3706:
3690:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3576:
3541:
3254:
3121:
3082:(a hands-off approach to running the economy) or more traditional French state
2943:
2913:
2905:
2869:
2829:
2749:
2680:
2617:
2526:
2132:
1839:
1721:
1671:
1388:
1298:
1253:
1223:
1160:
1015:
970:
905:
793:
522:
399:
295:
272:
137:
16814:
16602:
16579:
16380:
15970:
15945:
15925:
15788:
15778:
15271:
15017:
14789:
14744:
14558:
13207:
12862:
12811:
12407:
12307:
10858:
9451:"" Casse-toi pov'con " : au tribunal pour outrage au Président"
9265:
8611:
8254:
7330:"Nicolas Sarkozy calls for 'Franco-British brotherhood' as state visit begins"
5389:
4764:
fighter jets, plus military helicopters, were also initiated during the trip.
4686:
started who is accused of corruption and influence peddling, for an attempted
4675:
In April 2016, Arnaud Claude, former law partner of Sarkozy, was named in the
4470:, branded this language as inappropriate. Following Sarkozy's use of the word
4051:
3483:
3404:
Demonstrations in Paris, 6 May 2007, following the election of Nicolas Sarkozy
3109:
decided by his predecessor when the company was exposed to bankruptcy in 2003.
3000:
1629:
1614:
1248:
17257:
17204:
17144:
16553:
16370:
16255:
16185:
16140:
16135:
16100:
16075:
15955:
15833:
15631:
15059:
15011:
14963:
14942:
14918:
14882:
14348:
14330:
14300:
14282:
14216:
14165:
14126:
14108:
14096:
13945:
12998:
12606:
11914:
11554:
10766:
10058:
9145:
8724:
8623:
6896:
5863:
5759:
5566:"Former French President Sarkozy Convicted of Breaking Campaign Finance Laws"
5341:
4791:
4676:
4649:
ran an article in which Claire Thibout, a former accountant of billionairess
4540:
4498:
4284:
4275:
4246:
4204:
3868:
3837:
3826:
3821:
3688:, although by less than expected. In July, the UMP majority, seconded by the
3456:
3368:
3270:
3129:
2942:. Throughout most of his early career, Sarkozy had been seen as a protégé of
2628:
degree in business law. Paris X Nanterre had been the starting place for the
2209:
2025:
1797:
1767:
1639:
1373:
1258:
1238:
1079:
1020:
14870:
14840:
9540:
8937:
The Independent, 17 April 2007, p. 20, "The banlieues prepare to vote:
7175:
4636:
4446:
3875:
and talks with Israel on border security, a key issue for Israel as it says
3867:. The plan, which was jointly proposed by Sarkozy and Egyptian ex-President
3540:
In 2007 and 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Canadian Prime Minister
3174:
1787:
17172:
16340:
16285:
16260:
16220:
16195:
16090:
16085:
15871:
15803:
15137:
15065:
15047:
14900:
14846:
14707:
14690:
14594:
14390:
14354:
14336:
14246:
14222:
14195:
14183:
14177:
14153:
13849:
13471:
12746:
12596:
12088:
11643:, subject(s): Sarkozy, Nicolas (1955â)âCaricatures et dessins humoristiques
10686:"Nicolas Sarkozy: «Nous avons besoin des Russes et ils ont besoin de nous»"
8236:
7858:
7825:
6169:
5325:
5286:
5029:
4693:
4570:
On 23 February 2008, Sarkozy was filmed by a reporter for French newspaper
4423:
4110:
3883:
called for a "ceasefire that can endure and that can bring real security".
3635:
3545:
3514:
3491:
3361:
3305:
3247:
2901:
2790:
2704:
2655:
2325:
1980:
1393:
1363:
1358:
1333:
1318:
1170:
1072:
938:
779:
503:
15729:
14678:
13046:
10889:"D'une République à l'autre. Décorations présidentielles & diplomatie"
10294:"Nicolas Sarkozy: Ex-president goes on trial for illegal campaign funding"
9595:"Nicolas Sarkozy's son will not seek high-profile post after nepotism row"
9236:"Badinter rappelle à Sarkozy l'égalité de tous les Français devant la loi"
8366:
5721:
4434:"" ("we will clean the area with a pressure washer"). Two days before the
4109:
In February 2023, Sarkozy together with his wife and daughter visited the
3929:
On 19 March 2011, Nicolas Sarkozy officially announced the beginning of a
2785:
945:
16423:
16265:
16165:
15089:
14936:
14894:
14876:
14734:
14552:
14504:
14378:
13916:
13904:
13892:
13113:
13088:
12981:
12226:
12030:
11940:
11485:
10713:"A Former French President Gives a Voice to Obstinate Russian Sympathies"
9571:"Sarkozy's son sparks nepotism row after being tipped for top public job"
7854:"Nicolas Sarkozy elected to head French opposition party in comeback bid"
6349:
5181:
5174:
4654:
4572:
4522:
4502:
4269:
4230:
3615:
3188:
3141:
3035:
2802:
2644:
2621:
2518:
2420:
2396:
2170:
1113:
999:
931:
926:
900:
802:
750:
347:
14294:
14276:
14258:
14240:
10017:"France 24 â Sarkozy questioned by judges over campaign funding scandal"
4440:
3909:
to have France actively engage against the forces of the Libyan leader,
3832:
16918:
16857:
16355:
16280:
16230:
16120:
15975:
15564:
15343:
12698:
12021:
10348:"Sarkozy: Ex-French president gets jail sentence over campaign funding"
9935:
8117:
AccorHotels beats profit expectations, ex-president Sarkozy joins board
7559:"2007 Gaddafi-Sarkozy photo disappeared from the website of the Elysée"
5699:
5190:
5047:
4403:
4254:
4253:. His official portrait destined for all French town halls was done by
3872:
3849:
3437:
3180:
2771:
2684:
2659:
2512:
1061:
1035:
11666:
10206:"Nicolas Sarkozy va faire appel aprĂšs sa condamnation pour corruption"
8792:
5890:"Berlusconi al vertice Nato-Russia "Quando mandai l'avvocato Sarkozy""
4616:. However, he was critical of the way Chirac and his foreign minister
4457:
4429:
3285:
3184:
3149:, after their bilateral meeting in Washington, D.C., 12 September 2006
2979:
2081:
17115:
17098:
16080:
7740:
7737:"Socialist Hollande triumphs in French presidential poll â France 24"
7147:
7079:
4820:
4783:
4646:
4511:
4490:
4316:
4258:
4208:
3758:
3565:
3136:
2825:
2794:
2766:
2651:
2529:
2060:
987:
952:
9987:"Nicolas Sarkozy investigated over France campaign funds â BBC News"
6137:"French president Sarkozy separation is 'divorce' â official UPDATE"
4596:
came to an anti-Sarkozy demonstration with a sign bearing the words
3478:, as his Foreign Minister, leading to Kouchner's expulsion from the
3367:
On 7 February, Sarkozy decided in favour of a projected second, non-
3214:
Before he was elected President of France, Sarkozy was president of
3046:
2935:, who entered the school stealthily while the attacker was resting.
15667:
15185:
10829:"France's President Sarkozy Awarded Bulgaria's Highest State Order"
10654:
10619:
10584:
10552:
10548:"Explained: What we know about the Gaddafi-Sarkozy funding scandal"
10450:
10374:
10145:"Sarkozy: Former French president sentenced to jail for corruption"
9058:
8890:
8654:
8552:
8522:
7291:
7124:
6598:
5540:"Sarkozy: Former French president sentenced to jail for corruption"
5419:
5126:
4776:
4613:
4363:
4235:
3940:
3740:
that came to a head in September 2008, Sarkozy has returned to the
3518:
3334:
3236:
3227:
2846:
2753:
2566:
2074:
1143:
921:
885:
16439:
12685:
10753:"Sarkozy vilified for speaking uncomfortable truths about Ukraine"
9756:"Nicolas Sarkozy detained for questioning over alleged corruption"
5637:"La mÚre de Nicolas Sarkozy, Andrée Mallah dite "Dadu", est morte"
5158:
5008:
Deputy general secretary of the Rally for the Republic: 1992â1993.
4604:, notably restricting Eon's rights to sue Sarkozy for defamation.
4406:, Sarkozy was criticized by some for meeting with a member of the
2719:, Sarkozy met former fashion model and public relations executive
17158:
16270:
11482:
Nicolas Sarkozy : Mesure et démesure du discours (2007-2012)
10615:"Gaddafi relations haunt Sarkozy in 2007 campaign financing case"
9481:"" Casse-toi pov'con" : 30 euros avec sursis pour Hervé Eon"
9385:
8127:
8080:
7105:
5366:
5350:
5238:
5222:
5094:
5078:
4799:
4687:
4589:
A precise translation into English has many possible variations.
4562:
4399:
4098:
home confinement; his lawyer said he would appeal this decision.
3510:
3145:
Sarkozy as Minister of the Interior with U.S. Secretary of State
3022:
Sarkozy was made Chevalier de la LĂ©gion d'honneur (Knight of the
2761:
2756:
in New York. There were other accusations of a private nature in
2692:
2400:
2309:; born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as the
994:
10580:"French police hold ex-president Sarkozy over 'Gaddafi funding'"
9799:"Nicolas Sarkozy under official investigation after questioning"
7795:
Nicolas Sarkozy joins AccorHotels to head international strategy
7136:
Les députés votent la quasi-suppression des droits de succession
4868:
Minister of Communication and government's spokesman: 1994â1995.
4805:
In January 2018, British police arrested Alexandre Djouhri on a
4543:, and by experts of French law, including the ex-member of the
4438:, he referred to young criminals of nearby housing projects as "
2964:, as the number two candidate of the RPR. When the party leader
62:"Sarkozy" and "Sarko" redirect here. For other people etc., see
17240:
Note: Within parentheses, the year when inducted into the Order
13242:
12034:
11544:
10236:"Affaire des " Ă©coutes " : Nicolas Sarkozy va faire appel"
9454:
9290:"Premiers pas mouvementés de Sarkozy au salon de l'agriculture"
8407:
8350:
8294:
8068:
Benoit Van Overstraeten and Maya Nikolaeva (27 February 2020),
8006:"Former French President Sarkozy Visits the Kosel | Matzav.com"
6535:"Grande distribution : l'accord Sarkozy à moitié appliqué"
5810:
5254:
5206:
5110:
4831:
4830:
as well as other contested territory, describing the return of
4795:
4757:
4411:
4197:
Sarkozy was named the 68th best-dressed person in the world by
4114:
3863:
On 5 January 2009, Sarkozy called for a ceasefire plan for the
3773:). The Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (
3754:
3698:. The inheritance tax formerly provided âŹ8 billion in revenue.
3382:
3297:
3128:. Some in the business world and on the liberal right, such as
3106:
2983:
Sarkozy speaking at the congress of his party, 28 November 2004
2842:
2565:
immediately west of Paris. According to Sarkozy, his staunchly
17299:
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
10047:"Nicolas Sarkozy under investigation over 2012 campaign funds"
9938:"French ex-President Sarkozy's trial for corruption suspended"
3668:
universities ranked France the most respectful country of the
11246:"Queen hosts French President Nicolas Sarkozy and wife Carla"
10176:"France's Sarkozy convicted of corruption, sentenced to jail"
9170:
9168:
8103:
7886:"French local elections: Exit polls suggest Conservative win"
6473:"Le gouvernement finalise la privatisation de France Télécom"
5828:"Berlusconi : le "bon Nicolas Sarkozy" a été mon avocat"
5449:
5334:
5318:
5302:
5270:
4702:
4272:, in which he claimed that he had a right to his own image.
4152:
3876:
3769:(SIS) as well as with a national database of wanted persons (
3591:
2856:(UMP), France's major right-wing political party, and he was
2408:
2404:
2321:
2019:
630:
11667:
Sarkozy, Nicolas; Verdin, Philippe; Collin, Thibaud (2004).
10370:"Nicolas Sarkozy to wear tag after losing corruption appeal"
10267:"Sarkozy a No-Show as Second Criminal Trial Begins in Paris"
9967:"Affaire Bygmalion : Nicolas Sarkozy est mis en examen"
9936:
Nicolas Vaux-Montagny and Sylvie Corbet (23 November 2020).
9505:
8823:"L'Etat Doit-Il Financer La Construction de Mosquées ?"
7622:"No Exit" by Philip Gourevitch, 12 December 2011, New Yorker
5580:"Nicolas Sarkozy loses appeal against corruption conviction"
3356:
and the freedom to work overtime. Despite his opposition to
3348:
In February 2007, Sarkozy appeared on a televised debate on
2828:
of âŹ2 million, most of the assets being in the form of
2260:
11851:
11820:
10735:"'Shameful' Nicolas Sarkozy under fire for defending Putin"
9685:
9072:"Row over Sarkozy's paedophilia comment refuses to go away"
6403:
Felice E. Baker, The Dartmouth Independent, 31 October 2007
5005:
General secretary of the Rally for the Republic: 1998â1999.
4971:
Deputy-mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine: 2002â2005 (resignation).
4657:
of receiving illegal campaign donations in 2007, in cash.
4506:
4089:
by French prosecutors in two cases, notably concerning the
3845:
3774:
3661:
3599:
3595:
3568:
3246:
he approved measures reducing or denying social support to
3120:). This is considered an ideological symbol by many on the
2953:
In 1995, he spurned Chirac and backed Ădouard Balladur for
2453:
by French prosecutors in two cases, notably concerning the
2275:
2269:
11844:
Sarkozy's 90-minute address to the nation, 6 February 2009
11549:. Les dossiers du "Canard enchaßné". Vol. 89. Paris.
10728:
10726:
10342:
10340:
9843:"Nicolas Sarkozy: I am victim of a 'grotesque' witch-hunt"
9165:
8793:
Thibaud Collin, Philippe Verdin; Sarkozy, Nicolas (2004).
8396:
Pour le nouveau Président, la rupture commence par l'image
7765:
Anne-Sylvaine Chassany and Camilla Hall (March 28, 2013),
7589:"La Libye, un véritable succÚs diplomatique pour Sarkozy?"
7421:
4189:
3732:
Nicolas Sarkozy addresses the E-G8 Forum in Paris in 2011.
3622:, requested the opening of a parliamentary investigation.
2925:
taken small children hostages in a kindergarten in Neuilly
2587:, a well regarded public middle and high school in Paris'
12614:
9302:
8211:
7451:
7068:
FMI: Strauss-Kahn candidat officiel de l'Union européenne
5509:
that has been one of the first laws passed in Parliament.
4865:
Minister of Budget and government's spokesman: 1993â1995.
4802:
and thereby preventing his corroboration of the diaries.
4637:
Political and financial scandals and criminal convictions
3669:
3614:(PCF) criticised a "state affair" and a "barter" with a "
3349:
2927:. The "Human Bomb" was killed after two days of talks by
2833:
member of the National Assembly and President of France.
2748:
revealed that she had left Sarkozy for Moroccan national
11796:
9976:, Le Figaro, 16 February 2016, Accessed 16 February 2016
9823:"French ex-President Sarkozy held over influence claims"
9736:"French ex-President Sarkozy held over influence claims"
7767:
Nicolas Sarkozy's road from the Elysée to private equity
7383:
New chapter opens in EU-China Climate Change Partnership
7192:
Droits de succession: pour une minorité de ménages aisés
5607:"The New French President's Roots Are Worth Remembering"
4238:
executive Richard Attias, or pressures exercised on the
4091:
alleged Libyan interference in the 2007 French elections
3239:, with fewer loopholes and a maximum taxation rate (all
2960:
However, he returned after the right-wing defeat at the
2455:
alleged Libyan interference in the 2007 French elections
10723:
10337:
9779:"France's ex-President Sarkozy put under investigation"
7686:
7028:
on 15 February 2010 – via wayback.archive-it.org.
6200:"Carla Bruni-Sarkozy confirms name of daughter: Giulia"
6158:
France begins to grow weary with the Sarkozy soap opera
4551:, who said that such action would be unconstitutional.
4213:
3207:
Nicolas Sarkozy in 2006 with Cypriot opposition leader
16053:
11683:, subject(s): LaĂŻcitĂ©âFranceâ1990â, IslamâFranceâ1990â
10767:"Serzh Sargsyan awards Nicolas Sarkozy Order of Glory"
10684:
Jaigu, Charles; Roquette, Guillaume (16 August 2023).
10650:"UK arrests French suspect in Sarkozy financing probe"
8339:
Un bourrelet relance le débat sur la retouche d'images
8029:
6541:(in French). France. 30 September 2004. Archived from
4046:
in November 2016, but only came in third place behind
3323:
was Sarkozy's final opponent during the 2007 campaign.
2972:, winning 12.7% of the votes, less than the dissident
17424:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
11829:
Address to the General Assembly of the United Nations
9897:
9296:(in French). France. 23 February 2008. Archived from
6885:
France's New Government â A study in perpetual motion
4948:
General councillor of Hauts-de-Seine, elected in the
4739:
Alleged Libyan influence in the 2007 French elections
3871:
envisions the continuation of the delivery of aid to
3257:, claiming that the French state had been living off
3116:
Taxes: Sarkozy avoided taking a position on the ISF (
2908:
of that town, after the death of the incumbent mayor
2284:
2272:
2266:
2257:
11708:
Dans la peau de Sarko et de ceux qui veulent sa peau
9329:. An American observer comments on French politics.
8825:(in French). Libres.org. 2 July 2007. Archived from
8283:
Cécilia Sarkozy n'a pas voté... scoop censuré du JDD
8070:
France's Lagardere adds Nicolas Sarkozy to its board
6365:"Sarkozy Wins the Chance to Prove His Critics Wrong"
4732:
4641:
On 5 July 2010, following its investigations on the
4529:
has been criticized for example by the US newspaper
3645:
emissions by 50 percent by 2050 in order to prevent
3451:, where he was given the authorization codes of the
3273:
economic policies) or, with a pejorative undertone,
2976:
of Charles Pasqua. Sarkozy lost the RPR leadership.
2419:(2010). He married Italian-French singer-songwriter
17369:
Presidents of the General Council of Hauts-de-Seine
17279:
Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election
17274:
Candidates in the 2007 French presidential election
10167:
9865:
8853:"French President's religious mixing riles critics"
7634:"In His Telling, One Man Made Libya a French Cause"
7429:"Sarkozy says France to accept Guantanamo prisoner"
6665:"Boutin renonce à se présenter et soutient Sarkozy"
4426:
in June 2005, Sarkozy went to the scene and said: "
4319:. Indeed, he appointed a very close friend of his,
4257:photographer Philippe Warrin, better known for his
4010:
The Republicans (France) presidential primary, 2016
2263:
11523:
10928:"French President to be awarded Altyn Kyran Order"
9545:"Chirac juge "lamentable" l'atlantisme de Sarkozy"
9117:
9115:
9113:
7403:"France's Sarkozy meets Dalai Lama as China fumes"
6991:Llama G8 a FARC contribuir a liberaciĂłn de rehenes
4557:
4535:, by Sarkozy's political opponents, including the
3984:
3137:Second term as Minister of the Interior: 2005â2007
3033:On 31 May 2005 the main French news radio station
2643:After graduating from university, Sarkozy entered
10317:
10315:
10313:
10311:
9905:"France Sarkozy: Ex-president exits after defeat"
8458:"Socialists say Sarkozy has "small man syndrome""
7925:"France Sarkozy: Ex-president exits after defeat"
7460:"Obama, Sarkozy find common ground on Guantanamo"
7121:La France au 7e rang mondial pour l'environnement
6970:"Canada and Quebec Unite on EU Free Trade Accord"
6587:Azouz Begag, principal opposant Ă Nicolas Sarkozy
6287:"Jokes and anger in France over Sarkozy pay rise"
5559:
5557:
4576:having the following exchange while visiting the
4042:. In August 2016, he announced his candidacy for
3886:
3047:First term as Minister of the Interior: 2002â2004
2789:Sarkozy and his wife Carla Bruni greet President
17255:
16750:
11890:Nicolas Sarkozy: French Choose the American Way?
11304:(in Italian). Vicariate of the Diocese of Rome.
11278:(in Italian). Vicariate of the Diocese of Rome.
11268:
9657:"Nicolas Sarkozy's home raided by French police"
9508:"Le délit d'outrage est une infraction obsolÚte"
9506:Raphaëlle Besse DesmouliÚres (23 October 2008).
8952:"Incendie de Pau : les 8 accusés acquittés"
8713:"Cannes 2011 review: La ConquĂȘte (The Conquest)"
8682:"The Conquest (La Conquete): Cannes 2011 Review"
7821:"Sarkozy announces return to politics in France"
6732:"France's Chirac backs Sarkozy presidential bid"
6134:
5799:Un soupçon de vantardise sur les CV ministériels
4031:
4003:
2852:From 2004 to 2007, Sarkozy was president of the
2739:. They have one son, Louis, born 23 April 1997.
13237:
11943:, Mathieu Potte-Bonneville & Pierre Zaoui,
10859:"President Saakashvili Awards French President"
9535:
9533:
9378:"Sarkozy runs afoul of critics with rank reply"
9110:
7948:
7946:
7360:"Sarkozy Wins, Vows to Restore Pride in France"
7096:France's Sarkozy wants Strauss-Kahn as IMF head
6762:"Chirac finally endorses his old rival Sarkozy"
5033:Grand Cross (2007âautomatic when taking office)
4161:, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2019)
4122:March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism
4018:Nicolas Sarkozy's rally, Belfort, 12 March 2015
2632:student movement and was still a stronghold of
2395:(for which he negotiated a ceasefire), and the
17454:Members of the Constitutional Council (France)
17409:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
11328:"A Sarkozy il Premio Mediterraneo Istituzioni"
10644:
10642:
10308:
9745:, BBC News, 1 July 2014. Accessed 1 July 2014
9146:l'Afrique en France aprĂšs le discours de Dakar
9127:Mbeki criticised for praising 'racist' Sarkozy
8367:Topless Sarkozy's love handles airbrushed away
6943:"Sarkozy professes love for Quebec and Canada"
6718:Sarkozy pour un deuxiÚme porte-avions français
6362:
5554:
4452:Quand nous débarrassez-vous de cette racaille?
4149:, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2020)
3948:In 2016, the Foreign Affairs Committee of the
3684:(UMP), Sarkozy's party, won a majority at the
3586:to their country. In exchange, he signed with
3340:On 14 January 2007, Sarkozy was chosen by the
3311:
3220:French referendum on the European Constitution
3064:1905 law on the separation of Church and State
2379:(PS) candidate. During his term, he faced the
2324:, his roots are 1/2 Hungarian Protestant, 1/4
1783:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
1423:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
17449:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
17084:
16736:
16455:
16039:
15887:
15745:
15550:
15329:
15171:
13223:
12714:
11397:
10704:
10683:
10679:
10677:
10396:
10288:
10286:
10284:
9832:, BBC News, 1 July 2014. Accessed 1 July 2014
9583:, Friday 9 October 2009. Accessed 2 July 2014
9088:
9029:"Un gĂšne ne commande jamais un destin humain"
8426:"France enjoys Sarkozy's voodoo doll setback"
6937:
6935:
6708:, 14 January 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2007.
5775:. Nousnours. 22 February 1999. Archived from
3956:
3375:for the national Navy (adding to the nuclear
2845:. His supporters within France emphasize his
2229:
1473:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
15901:
11420:Sarkozy: l'ascension d'un jeune homme pressé
10515:"Sarkozy aide charged with money laundering"
9530:
8390:
8388:
7943:
7164:Les droits de succession (presque) supprimés
4848:President of the French Republic: 2007â2012.
4818:
4036:In January 2016, Sarkozy published the book
3852:, Sarkozy announced that France would offer
3265:Such policies are what are called in France
3069:
2536:, on 8 February 1950, and divorced in 1959.
2525:(12 October 1925 â 12 December 2017), whose
2481:Sarkozy was born in Paris and is the son of
2168:
1997:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1935:
1921:
1907:
1885:
1104:
1077:
1040:
1004:
985:
936:
912:
874:
17439:Recipients of St. George's Order of Victory
17419:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles
15759:
11378:
11334:(in Italian). 13 March 2008. Archived from
11062:"El Rey concede el ToisĂłn de Oro a Sarkozy"
10639:
10440:
10438:
9788:BBC News, 2 July 2014. Accessed 2 July 2014
8225:Gordon Brown tops GQ worst dressed man poll
7793:Anne-Sylvaine Chassany (21 February 2017),
7498:"France's Sarkozy calls for Gaza ceasefire"
6908:
6906:
6832:"Radiant CĂ©cilia puts Sarkozy in the shade"
5751:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5698:. The European Jewish Press. Archived from
4930:: 1983â1988 (resignation). Elected in 1986.
4834:to Ukraine as "illusory". He condemned the
4607:
4417:
4165:
3757:on 7 August 2007 to generalise a voluntary
3159:Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France
2891:
2880:(CFCM). Previously, he was a député in the
2434:, Sarkozy was defeated by the PS candidate
2298:[nikÉlapÉlstefansaÊkÉzidÉnaÊibÉksa]
2249:Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa
615:Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa
23:
17329:French politicians convicted of corruption
17091:
17077:
16743:
16729:
16462:
16448:
16046:
16032:
15894:
15880:
15752:
15738:
15557:
15543:
15336:
15322:
15178:
15164:
13230:
13216:
12721:
12707:
12037:
11398:Sarkozy, Nicolas; Michel, Denisot (1995).
10674:
10397:Goury-Laffont, Victor (14 February 2024).
10281:
9539:
9317:
6932:
6356:
6097:
5966:"CĂ©cilia Sarkozy: The First Lady vanishes"
5598:
4771:â a conflict in which France intervened â
4627:
3281:and prefers to call himself a pragmatist.
2710:
2674:
2654:, Sarkozy became a lawyer specializing in
2236:
2222:
85:
24:
13200:Acting presidents are denoted by italics.
10785:"French Finance Minister Nicolas Sarkozy"
10609:
10607:
10542:
10540:
9654:
9415:Poignard, Anne-Claire (24 October 2008).
8980:(in French). 23 June 2005. Archived from
8795:La République, les religions, l'espérance
8385:
7978:
7789:
7787:
7495:
6671:. France. 3 December 2006. Archived from
6183:"French President Marries Former Model",
5660:
5658:
5604:
4489:, of which the alleged perpetrators were
4384:La République, les religions, l'espérance
4120:On 12 November 2023, he took part in the
3243:taxes combined) at 50 percent of revenue;
2836:
2350:Jacques Chirac's second presidential term
790:Paris West University Nanterre La DĂ©fense
696:
327:31 March 2004 â 29 November 2004
12728:
11854:by Sudhir Hazareesingh, 28 November 2007
11762:
11743:
11705:
11588:
11545:Le Canard enchaßné (periodical) (2003).
11476:
10732:
10435:
9414:
8423:
7851:
7818:
7631:
7556:
7032:
6903:
6499:"Bruxelles valide le sauvetage d'Alstom"
6103:
5937:
5740:
5563:
4742:
4692:
4561:
4501:. Sarkozy stated that disorders such as
4373:
4274:
4188:
4060:
4013:
3939:
3890:
3831:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3727:
3700:
3638:, Sarkozy set a goal of reducing French
3531:
3431:
3399:
3315:
3250:workers who refuse work offered to them;
3235:he called for a simplified and "fairer"
3202:
3198:
3140:
3011:, such as Sarkozy's "first lieutenant",
2978:
2784:
483:30 March 1993 â 19 January 1995
32:This is an accepted version of this page
11957:French politics no stranger to scandals
11607:
11580:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
11457:
11437:
11359:
10572:
10508:
10506:
10173:
8710:
8518:"The hyper-president's biggest problem"
7273:
7040:France's Sarkozy Off to a Running Start
6980:from the original on 26 September 2011.
6914:France's Sarkozy Off to a Running Start
6563:
6311:"French Populism", by Ignacio Ramonet,
4249:a photo of Sarkozy in order to erase a
4180:, Honorary Member of the Advisory Board
3521:had started in 1802 to commemorate the
3416:
763:
737:
593:
14:
17256:
11987:Extended biography by CIDOB Foundation
11965:Radio France Internationale in English
11959:Radio France Internationale in English
11953:Radio France Internationale in English
11686:
11646:
11521:
11460:Nicolas Sarkozy: l'instinct du pouvoir
11417:
10869:from the original on 25 September 2013
10604:
10537:
10458:from the original on 27 September 2013
9623:
9592:
9375:
8751:"Cette droite qui dit "non" Ă Sarkozy"
8612:"OP-ED COLUMNIST; Sarkozy's New Order"
8468:from the original on 17 September 2009
8115:Dominique Vidalon (21 February 2017),
7833:from the original on 19 September 2014
7812:
7784:
7496:MacDonald, Alastair (7 January 2009).
7405:. AFP. 6 December 2008. Archived from
6829:
6470:
6197:
5972:. London. 24 June 2007. Archived from
5655:
4058:in 2016, he retired from public life.
3944:Popularity polls during his presidency
3555:
3393:Minister of the Interior on 26 March.
3296:adopted a controversial bill known as
2446:in 2016, he retired from public life.
1898:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
17434:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
17334:French people of Greek-Jewish descent
17072:
16778:National Centre of Social Republicans
16724:
16497:National Centre of Social Republicans
16443:
16027:
15875:
15733:
15538:
15317:
15159:
13211:
12702:
12689:
12045:
11941:On the so-called "rupture" by Sarkozy
11874:Sarkozy takes over Chirac's UMP party
11381:Les deux Nicolas: la machine Balladur
11256:from the original on 4 September 2012
11194:from the original on 24 February 2019
11092:"BOE.es â Documento BOE-A-2011-18623"
11072:from the original on 25 November 2011
11006:from the original on 30 December 2016
10839:from the original on 30 December 2016
10710:
10264:
10125:from the original on 23 November 2020
10065:from the original on 17 February 2016
10027:from the original on 17 February 2016
9997:from the original on 17 February 2016
9948:from the original on 24 November 2020
9929:
9917:from the original on 12 December 2016
9716:from the original on 30 November 2021
9376:Balmer, Crispian (26 February 2008).
9246:from the original on 23 November 2010
8919:from the original on 14 December 2005
8609:
8588:from the original on 30 November 2021
7896:from the original on 30 November 2016
7866:from the original on 29 November 2014
7747:from the original on 17 December 2016
7508:from the original on 30 November 2021
7358:Anderson, John Ward and Molly Moore;
7327:
6791:French confused over the real Sarkozy
6742:from the original on 30 November 2021
6729:
6626:from the original on 30 December 2006
6515:from the original on 3 September 2005
6479:from the original on 30 November 2021
6284:
6266:from the original on 16 February 2010
6020:
5564:Bisserbe, Noemie (14 February 2024).
5012:
4578:Paris International Agricultural Show
4517:On 27 July 2007, Sarkozy delivered a
4369:
3470:as Prime Minister. Sarkozy appointed
2494:
2483:PĂĄl IstvĂĄn ErnĆ SĂĄrközy de Nagy-BĂłcsa
2296:
2178:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
59:President of France from 2007 to 2012
17399:The Republicans (France) politicians
11787:
11727:Nicolas Sarkozy, le destin de Brutus
11724:
11626:
11282:from the original on 9 November 2013
11162:from the original on 23 October 2016
11132:from the original on 23 October 2016
11122:"BOE.es â Documento BOE-A-2009-6944"
11102:from the original on 23 October 2016
10503:
10476:
9655:Chrisafis, Angelique (3 July 2012).
9518:from the original on 27 October 2008
9461:from the original on 29 October 2008
9430:from the original on 27 October 2008
8630:from the original on 9 February 2010
8424:Bennhold, Katrin (30 October 2008).
8207:French President Is Best Dressed Pol
8106:, press release of 21 February 2017.
7931:from the original on 6 December 2018
7557:Naegelen, Jacky (22 February 2011).
7457:
6135:AFX News Limited (18 October 2007).
6033:from the original on 12 January 2009
4382:In 2004 Sarkozy co-authored a book,
4174:, Member of the 21st Century Council
4044:2016 Republican presidential primary
3919:Libyan National Transitional Council
3836:Sarkozy with British Prime Minister
2904:party RPR, he went on to be elected
2860:in the government of Prime Minister
2548:of Paris. The family later moved to
2496:[ËnÉÉboËtÍĄÊÉiËÊaËrkĂžziËpaËl]
2470:
729:
431:30 March 1993 â 11 May 1995
184:2 June 2005 â 26 March 2007
17414:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
16790:Union of Democrats for the Republic
16509:Union of Democrats for the Republic
16469:
12690:
12677:as Former President of the Republic
12662:as Former President of the Republic
11977:
11963:L'Oréal, scandals and the far right
11859:Interview after One Month in Office
11805:Website of the UMP, Sarkozy's party
11502:
11308:from the original on 9 January 2014
11152:"BOE.es â Documento BOE-A-2004-538"
10662:from the original on 8 January 2018
10525:from the original on 19 August 2016
10477:Walt, Vivienne (14 December 2007).
9812:, 2 July 2014. Accessed 2 July 2014
9768:, 1 July 2014. Accessed 1 July 2014
9551:from the original on 19 August 2007
9448:
8939:We hate Sarkozy because he hates us
8753:. Marianne2007.info. Archived from
8530:from the original on 7 January 2016
8498:from the original on 14 August 2017
7819:Willsher, Kim (19 September 2014).
7674:from the original on 3 January 2021
7569:from the original on 8 January 2013
7538:from the original on 7 January 2009
7261:from the original on 18 August 2009
6772:from the original on 7 January 2009
6622:. Sarkozy Blog. 19 September 2004.
6572:(in French). France. Archived from
6471:Thorel, Jerome (1 September 2004).
6258:[The man worth 2 million].
6253:
6187:, Associated Press, 2 February 2008
6081:. Global Journalist. Archived from
5728:from the original on 27 August 2009
5393:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
5062:(2007âautomatic when taking office)
4842:
4592:On 28 August 2008, Hervé Eon, from
4279:A French 2007 caricature of Sarkozy
4140:
4135:
3812:with the United Kingdom and closer
3649:. He then pushed forward Socialist
3352:where he expressed his support for
2509:Nagy-BĂłcsay SĂĄrközy PĂĄl IstvĂĄn ErnĆ
2371:by a 53.1% to 46.9% margin against
1938:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
655:Union of Democrats for the Republic
539:14 April 1983 â 7 May 2002
377:19 July 1994 â 11 May 1995
285:1 April 2004 â 14 May 2007
229:7 May 2002 â 30 March 2004
56:
17379:Presidents of the European Council
17349:Government spokespersons of France
17339:French people of Hungarian descent
17125:
17053:Gaullism, a way forward for France
16009:
15857:
15305:President of the National Assembly
12648:President of the National Assembly
11842:Radio France International feature
11767:. Paris: L' Atelier des Brisants.
11526:Sarkozy: itinéraire d'une ambition
11400:Au bout de la passion, l'Ă©quilibre
11353:
10627:from the original on 20 March 2018
10592:from the original on 20 March 2018
10560:from the original on 20 March 2018
10512:
10491:from the original on 12 March 2018
10479:"French Defense Execs Woo Gaddafi"
10446:"Gaddafi visit seals French deals"
9352:"French supporters defend Sarkozy"
9216:from the original on 6 August 2010
9099:Sarkozy's Africa vision under fire
8909:"Nicolas Sarkozy pompier pyromane"
8863:from the original on 20 April 2016
8662:from the original on 5 August 2020
7852:Willsher, Kim (29 November 2014).
7462:. Associated Press. Archived from
7307:France backs constitution reform;
6420:from the original on 13 March 2013
6104:Willsher, Kim (19 February 2006).
6053:"Nicolas Sarkozy divorce official"
5940:"Pierre Sarkozy: Hip-Hop Producer"
5938:Indrisek, Scott (7 January 2008).
5077:Gran Cross of the Order of Glory (
5066:
4394:values. He advocated reducing the
3979:
3963:French presidential election, 2012
3814:cooperation with the United States
3748:
3717:people, allegedly in an effort to
3675:
3584:Bulgarian nurses detained in Libya
3329:French presidential election, 2007
3253:he pressed for a reduction in the
3060:Conseil français du culte musulman
2878:French Council of the Muslim Faith
2815:
2597:. His family then sent him to the
115:16 May 2007 â 15 May 2012
57:
17465:
17444:21st-century presidents of France
17364:Mayors of places in Ăle-de-France
15567:2012 French presidential election
15346:2007 French presidential election
14219:(September 1870â19 February 1871)
13901:(December 29, 1818âNovember 1819)
12315:President of the European Council
11782:
11746:Chirac Sarkozy, mortelle randonné
10809:from the original on 7 April 2014
10246:from the original on 1 March 2021
10216:from the original on 1 March 2021
10186:from the original on 1 March 2021
10155:from the original on 1 March 2021
9885:from the original on 1 April 2012
9605:from the original on 9 March 2013
9593:Samuel, Henry (23 October 2009).
9186:from the original on 23 July 2016
8893:. 6 November 2005. Archived from
8731:from the original on 13 June 2020
8711:Poirier, AgnĂšs C. (18 May 2011).
8692:from the original on 13 June 2020
8650:"Sarkozy names ally Fillon as PM"
8488:"Sarkozy height row grips France"
7644:from the original on 23 July 2016
7632:Erlanger, Steven (1 April 2011).
7528:"UN chief demands Gaza ceasefire"
7231:from the original on 27 July 2008
6967:
6414:"French Constitution, article 23"
6210:from the original on 6 March 2018
6198:Samuel, Henry (20 October 2011).
6059:from the original on 12 July 2011
5773:"Le service militaire de Sarkozy"
5696:"A Greek book on Nicolas Sarkozy"
5676:from the original on 1 April 2012
5643:from the original on 21 July 2020
5639:. Le Dauphiné. 13 December 2017.
5617:from the original on 23 July 2016
5363:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
5171:National Order of the Ivory Coast
5017:
4733:Alleged Libyan agent of influence
4388:The Republic, Religions, and Hope
3765:would be interconnected with the
3509:Sarkozy broke with the custom of
3105:of the large engineering company
2989:2002 French presidential election
2970:1999 European Parliament election
2854:Union pour un Mouvement Populaire
2723:(great-granddaughter of composer
2477:Family history of Nicolas Sarkozy
2432:2012 French presidential election
2369:2007 French presidential election
1820:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
17429:Paris Nanterre University alumni
12202:President of the General Council
11612:. Pantin: le Temps des cerises.
11414:, interviews with Michel Denisot
11362: : le moine de la politique
11320:
11294:
11238:
11220:
11206:
11174:
11144:
11114:
11084:
11054:
11036:
11018:
10992:
10974:
10956:
10938:
10920:
10902:
10881:
10851:
10821:
10795:
10777:
10759:
10745:
10733:Willsher, Kim (19 August 2023).
10470:
10413:
10390:
10362:
10258:
10228:
10198:
10174:Corbert, Sylvie (1 March 2021).
10137:
10107:
10077:
10039:
10009:
9979:
9960:
9853:from the original on 2 July 2014
9835:
9815:
9791:
9771:
9748:
9728:
9698:
9679:
9667:from the original on 10 May 2017
9648:
9617:
9586:
9569:Angelique Chrisafis (Oct 2009).
9563:
9499:
9487:from the original on 3 July 2012
9473:
9442:
9408:
9369:
9345:
9333:from the original on 8 July 2011
9311:
9282:
9258:
9228:
9198:
9138:
9065:
9040:
9022:
8999:
8966:
8944:
8931:
8901:
8875:
8845:
8833:
8815:
8786:
8761:
8743:
8704:
8674:
8642:
8603:
8570:"Constitution of 4 October 1958"
8562:
8542:
8510:
8480:
8450:
8417:
8360:
8332:
8311:Sarkozy: les poignées de l'amour
8304:
8276:
8247:
8218:
8200:
8178:
8156:
8134:
8109:
8087:
8062:
8023:
7979:Batchelor, Tom (12 April 2022).
7717:from the original on 12 May 2012
7670:(in French). 14 September 2016.
7340:from the original on 10 May 2008
7309:France backs constitution reform
7251:"Is Sarkozy a closet socialist?"
7221:"FranceâThe reformist president"
6809:Ălection prĂ©sidentielle de 2007â
6695:Sarkozy nod for presidential run
6023:"Sarkozy soap opera grips Paris"
5870:from the original on 24 May 2012
5840:from the original on 24 May 2012
5605:Schmemann, Serge (15 May 2007).
5512:
5442:
5412:
5405:
5388:
5372:
5356:
5347:Order of the Seventh of November
5340:
5324:
5308:
5292:
5276:
5260:
5244:
5228:
5212:
5196:
5180:
5164:
5148:
5132:
5116:
5100:
5084:
5072:
5053:
5036:
5028:
4853:Constitutional Council of France
4545:Constitutional Council of France
4339:
3705:Sarkozy (at left) attending the
3496:Ăcole nationale d'administration
3277:. Sarkozy rejects this label of
3098:from 50.4 percent to 41 percent.
3074:During his short appointment as
3015:, and Chirac loyalists, such as
2511:; 5 May 1928 â 4 March 2023), a
2465:
2442:in 2015). Being defeated at the
2253:
2203:
2191:
848:
813:
733:
700:
269:President of the General Council
17289:21st-century princes of Andorra
17199:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
14855:(5 Septemberâ11 September 1948)
11951:The Bettencourt/L'Oréal scandal
11484:(in French). Paris: Presses de
11379:Ottenheimer, Ghislaine (1994).
11302:"Ente â San Pietro in Vaticano"
10711:Cohen, Roger (27 August 2023).
9636:from the original on 9 May 2012
9420:(Fee required for full article)
8985:(Fee required for full article)
8610:Cohen, Roger (23 August 2007).
7998:
7972:
7917:
7908:
7878:
7845:
7759:
7729:
7703:
7656:
7625:
7607:
7581:
7550:
7520:
7489:
7478:
7395:
7376:
7352:
7321:
7301:
7243:
7213:
7185:
7157:
7129:
7111:
7089:
7061:
7010:
6984:
6961:
6878:
6854:
6823:
6820:French Ministry of the Interior
6803:
6784:
6754:
6730:Louet, Sophie (21 March 2007).
6723:
6711:
6687:
6657:
6638:
6608:
6580:
6566:"ISF, la tentation des députés"
6564:Martine, Gilson (20 May 2004).
6557:
6527:
6491:
6464:
6446:
6432:
6406:
6387:
6342:
6305:
6278:
6256:"L'homme qui valait 2 millions"
6247:
6222:
6191:
6176:
6151:
6128:
6071:
6045:
6021:Wyatt, Caroline (15 May 2007).
6014:
5998:. NetGlimse.com. Archived from
5988:
5958:
5942:. Rhapsody Blog. Archived from
5931:
5912:
5882:
5852:
5820:
5791:
5765:
5499:
5484:
4299:by some French media after his
4184:
4056:Republican presidential primary
3985:Temporary retirement: 2012â2014
3798:President Nicolas Sarkozy with
3625:
3436:Sarkozy greets U.S. First Lady
3427:
3381:), during an official visit in
2444:Republican presidential primary
2364:(UMP) party from 2004 to 2007.
1903:Initiative and Liberty Movement
759:
725:
692:
14765:(November 1943âSeptember 1944)
14225:(19 Februaryâ25 February 1871)
13982:(10 Novemberâ18 November 1834)
13889:(September 1815âDecember 1818)
13260:Controller-General of Finances
12002:Sarkozy's opinion poll tracker
11706:Friedman, Jean-Pierre (2005).
11547:Sarkozy, l'homme (trop) pressé
10325:. France 24. 30 September 2022
10265:Sebag, Gaspard (20 May 2021).
7435:. 3 April 2009. Archived from
7328:Byers, David (26 March 2008).
6285:Boyle, Jon (31 October 2007).
5896:. 27 June 2009. Archived from
5724:. William Addams Reitwiesner.
5714:
5688:
5629:
5572:
5532:
5463:
4633:political campaign financing.
4456:When will you rid us of these
4396:separation of church and state
3931:military intervention in Libya
3887:Military intervention in Libya
3753:Sarkozy's government issued a
3686:June 2007 legislative election
3289:the best curricula in France.
2876:: in this role he created the
2864:, with the honorific title of
2780:
2389:European sovereign debt crisis
13:
1:
17294:21st-century French criminals
14915:(1 Februaryâ14 February 1956)
14909:(February 1955âFebruary 1956)
14861:(September 1948âJanuary 1949)
14315:(16 April 1885âDecember 1886)
13895:(7 Decemberâ29 December 1818)
13742:(10 Augustâ21 September 1792)
13530:de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
12657:Order of precedence of France
10423:. France 24. 14 February 2024
10350:. BBC News. 30 September 2021
10053:. Reuters. 16 February 2016.
9695:, original report (in French)
7392:EUbusiness.com, 29 April 2008
6830:Samuel, Henry (17 May 2007).
6363:Craig S. Smith (7 May 2007).
5722:"Ancestry of Nicolas Sarkozy"
5526:
5434:(2007â2012; the post is held
5139:St. George's Order of Victory
5123:Order of the Balkan Mountains
4612:Sarkozy opposed the U.S.-led
4398:, arguing for the government
4032:2017 retirement from politics
4004:Return to politics: 2014â2016
3423:Presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy
2616:, where he graduated with an
2539:
2413:reform of French universities
2381:financial crisis of 2007â2008
17229:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
16753:Union for a Popular Movement
16521:Union for a Popular Movement
14831:(December 1946âJanuary 1947)
14792:(November 1944âJanuary 1946)
14639:(4 Februaryâ9 February 1934)
14621:(December 1932âJanuary 1933)
14603:(December 1930âJanuary 1931)
14129:(December 1851âJanuary 1852)
14093:(December 1848âOctober 1849)
12430:Union for a Popular Movement
12382:Union for a Popular Movement
12017:Some of Sarkozy's quotations
9624:Samuel, Henry (6 May 2012).
8431:International Herald Tribune
8244:article no longer available)
6750:– via www.reuters.com.
6289:. Reuters UK. Archived from
5928:Spiegel.de, 4 September 2007
5438:by the French Head of State)
4993:Union for a Popular Movement
4828:Russian occupation of Crimea
4709:and Sarkozy's former lawyer
4701:On 1 March 2021, a court in
4124:in Paris in response to the
4106:in the April 2022 election.
3736:However, as a result of the
3682:Union for a Popular Movement
3672:concerning the environment.
3462:Under Sarkozy's government,
2669:
2599:Cours Saint-Louis de Monceau
2581:Sarkozy was enrolled in the
2576:
2534:17th arrondissement of Paris
2362:Union for a Popular Movement
1865:Union for a Popular Movement
1513:The Future of Intelligentsia
665:Union for a Popular Movement
7:
17324:Finance ministers of France
17309:20th-century French lawyers
14627:(January 1933âJanuary 1934)
14099:(October 1849âJanuary 1851)
12149:Minister of Communications
11922:Letter From Europe- Round 1
11744:Reinhard, Philippe (2005).
9797:Kim Willsher (July 2014).
9483:. Rue89. 14 November 2008.
9176:"Casting Out the Un-French"
8915:. France. 2 November 2005.
8240:, 4 January 2010 (original
6475:(in French). ZDNet France.
5996:"Cecilia Sarkozy Biography"
5836:(in French). 29 June 2009.
5492:Dette publique de la France
5217:Extraordinary Grade of the
5107:Order of the Southern Cross
4908:National Assembly of France
4900:National Assembly of France
4836:Russian invasion of Ukraine
3767:Schengen Information System
3655:International Monetary Fund
3653:as European nominee to the
3630:On 8 June 2007, during the
3550:National Assembly of Quebec
3474:, the left-wing founder of
3312:Presidential election: 2007
3165:civil unrest in autumn 2005
2962:1997 parliamentary election
2793:at the G8 Summit dinner in
2613:Université Paris X Nanterre
2523:Andrée Jeanne "Dadu" Mallah
2360:. He was the leader of the
10:
17470:
17404:University of Paris alumni
17319:Budget ministers of France
17211:VĂctor GarcĂa de la Concha
17166:Beatrix of the Netherlands
17101:Order of the Golden Fleece
17048:Modern and Humanist France
16864:Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet
16784:Union for the New Republic
16772:Rally of the French People
16503:Union for the New Republic
16491:Rally of the French People
14693:(November 1938âMarch 1940)
14555:(December 1925âMarch 1926)
14459:(December 1913âMarch 1914)
14333:(December 1887âApril 1888)
14303:(August 1882â6 April 1885)
13254:Superintendent of Finances
12547:of the Papal Basilicas of
11671:. Paris: les Ă©d. du Cerf.
11631:. Paris: le Cherche Midi.
11589:Domenach, Nicolas (2004).
11434:, Grand livre du mois 1995
9873:"Profile: Nicolas Sarkozy"
9754:Kim Willsher (July 2014).
7591:. leJDD.fr. Archived from
7458:Raum, Tom (3 April 2009).
6055:. HULIQ. 18 October 2007.
5666:"Profile: Nicolas Sarkozy"
5471:MiklĂłs Horthy de NagybĂĄnya
5426:of the Papal Basilicas of
5299:Order of the Golden Fleece
5283:Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud
5203:Order of Mubarak the Great
4812:
4775:said in an interview with
4736:
4007:
3998:Qatar Investment Authority
3960:
3957:2012 presidential campaign
3420:
3326:
3156:
2474:
2336:from 1983 to 2002, he was
1803:VIA, the Way of the People
1543:The Tears of the White Man
1433:The Genius of Christianity
594:§ Offices and distinctions
366:Minister of Communications
61:
17304:French interior ministers
17238:
17136:
17123:
17107:
17030:
16998:
16969:
16934:
16873:
16842:
16805:
16760:
16697:
16684:2021 presidential primary
16669:2016 presidential primary
16661:
16630:
16589:
16530:
16479:
16409:
16064:
16007:
15911:
15855:
15769:
15624:
15600:
15573:
15401:
15375:
15352:
15297:President of the Republic
15293:
15234:
15211:
15195:
14952:
14921:(February 1956âJune 1957)
14885:(March 1952âJanuary 1953)
14843:(November 1947âJuly 1948)
14811:
14786:(SeptemberâNovember 1944)
14772:
14733:
14706:
14645:(February 1934âJune 1935)
14205:
14136:
14049:
14024:(March 1840âOctober 1840)
13944:
13869:
13848:
13827:
13806:
13749:
13354:
13269:
13249:
13198:
13067:
13019:
12767:
12736:
12696:
12667:
12654:
12636:
12631:
12621:
12611:
12603:
12593:
12583:
12575:
12570:
12560:
12542:
12534:
12527:
12517:
12509:
12499:
12481:
12473:
12468:
12458:
12448:
12443:
12426:
12404:
12388:
12378:
12364:
12354:
12344:
12336:
12331:
12321:
12312:
12304:
12294:
12285:
12277:
12267:
12258:
12250:
12240:
12231:
12223:
12213:
12199:
12191:
12181:
12172:
12164:
12154:
12147:
12139:
12129:
12120:
12112:
12102:
12093:
12085:
12075:
12065:
12057:
12052:
11813:Official personal website
11647:Gurrey, BĂ©atrice (2004).
11608:Blocier, Antoine (2004).
11593:. Paris: Jacob-Duvernet.
11458:Mantoux, Aymeric (2003).
11438:Sarkozy, Nicolas (2003).
11360:Sarkozy, Nicolas (1994).
9913:. BBC. 21 November 2016.
9804:27 September 2016 at the
9706:"Financial Times article"
9242:. France. 2 August 2010.
9104:30 September 2007 at the
8401:30 September 2007 at the
8372:30 September 2007 at the
8344:30 September 2007 at the
8288:10 September 2007 at the
8230:20 September 2011 at the
7800:24 September 2019 at the
5267:Order of the Independence
5187:Order of the Golden Eagle
4682:On 23 November 2020, the
4291:Sarkozy was nicknamed as
3618:". The leader of the PS,
3222:, but the "No" vote won.
3101:Sarkozy backed a partial
3070:Minister of Finance: 2004
1924:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
821:
809:
785:
774:
671:
648:
637:
610:
605:
601:
590:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
555:
543:
532:
521:
509:
497:
487:
476:
469:
457:
445:
435:
424:
417:
405:
393:
381:
370:
365:
353:
341:
331:
320:
313:
301:
289:
278:
267:
257:
245:
233:
222:
210:
200:
188:
177:
170:
166:
159:
155:
143:
131:
119:
108:
100:
96:
84:
77:
17193:Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
16689:2022 leadership election
16679:2019 leadership election
16674:2017 leadership election
14933:(November 1957âMay 1958)
14549:(NovemberâDecember 1925)
14525:(June 1924â3 April 1925)
14363:(December 1893âMay 1894)
14321:(December 1886âMay 1887)
14273:(NovemberâDecember 1877)
14267:(May 1877âNovember 1877)
14123:(NovemberâDecember 1851)
13994:(JanuaryâSeptember 1836)
13763:(21 September 1792â1793)
13736:(29 Julyâ10 August 1792)
13121:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
12747:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
12521:Joan Enric Vives SicĂlia
12513:Joan Enric Vives SicĂlia
12494:Joan Enric Vives SicĂlia
12332:Party political offices
12261:Minister of the Interior
12175:Minister of the Interior
11927:11 November 2013 at the
11882:Profile: Nicolas Sarkozy
11865:14 December 2011 at the
11835:
11763:Sautreau, Serge (2005).
11687:Darmon, Michaël (2004).
11591:Sarkozy au fond des yeux
9972:17 February 2016 at the
9761:8 September 2016 at the
9691:24 February 2011 at the
9449:Eon (4 September 2008).
9399:30 November 2021 at the
9357:22 December 2008 at the
9132:30 November 2021 at the
9077:30 November 2021 at the
9052:26 December 2007 at the
8840:Worldwide Religious News
8075:29 February 2020 at the
7388:24 December 2008 at the
7365:23 February 2017 at the
7285:9 September 2007 at the
6996:25 December 2008 at the
6568:[press review].
6458:24 December 2008 at the
6453:WorldWide Religious News
6399:2 September 2013 at the
5542:. BBC News. 1 March 2021
5456:
4684:trial of Nicolas Sarkozy
4608:Position on the Iraq war
4418:Controversial statements
4166:Non-profit organizations
3844:On 3 April 2009, at the
3523:storming of the Bastille
3476:MĂ©decins Sans FrontiĂšres
3118:solidarity tax on wealth
2892:In Government: 1993â1995
2882:French National Assembly
2858:Minister of the Interior
2820:Sarkozy declared to the
2695:Corsica); her uncle was
2610:Sarkozy enrolled at the
2552:, one of the wealthiest
2354:Minister of the Interior
2000:Service d'Action Civique
1413:Considerations on France
976:Catholic social teaching
830:This article is part of
172:Minister of the Interior
39:latest accepted revision
17173:Margrethe II of Denmark
17099:Members of the Spanish
16935:Presidential candidates
16631:Presidential candidates
15301:President of the Senate
14903:(JanuaryâFebruary 1955)
14837:(JanuaryâNovember 1947)
14825:(OctoberâDecember 1946)
14633:(JanuaryâFebruary 1934)
14543:(OctoberâNovember 1925)
14531:(3 Aprilâ17 April 1925)
14375:(JanuaryâNovember 1895)
14369:(May 1894âJanuary 1895)
14309:(6 Aprilâ16 April 1885)
14198:(AugustâSeptember 1870)
14174:(JanuaryâNovember 1867)
14117:(OctoberâNovember 1851)
14087:(OctoberâDecember 1848)
13988:(18 November 1834â1836)
13976:(1832â10 November 1834)
12096:Government Spokesperson
12007:24 October 2010 at the
11826:(in English and French)
11691:. Paris: Ăd. du Seuil.
11503:Nay, Catherine (2007).
10296:. BBC News. 20 May 2021
9881:. BBC. 22 August 2016.
9828:5 December 2018 at the
9784:5 December 2018 at the
9741:5 December 2018 at the
9403:, but is not available.
9212:. France. August 2010.
8578:Conseil Constitutionnel
8190:5 December 2019 at the
7772:10 January 2020 at the
7698:Conseil Constitutionnel
7618:10 October 2016 at the
7314:12 January 2009 at the
7045:17 October 2017 at the
6919:17 October 2017 at the
6700:16 January 2007 at the
6645:Broadcast of "France 2"
6416:. Assemblee Nationale.
5804:11 October 2007 at the
5505:It was included in the
5060:National Order of Merit
4926:Regional councillor of
4807:European Arrest Warrant
4628:Accusations of nepotism
4602:immune from prosecution
4222:Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz
4193:Nicolas Sarkozy in 2008
4128:since the start of the
4087:charged with corruption
4081:in Russia, 14 June 2018
3738:global financial crisis
3269:(that is, in favour of
2760:, which led to Sarkozy
2721:Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz
2711:Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz
2675:Marie-Dominique Culioli
2451:charged with corruption
2348:'s second term. During
2198:Conservatism portal
1988:Independent Republicans
1835:Independent Republicans
1533:Violence and the Sacred
1453:St Petersburg Dialogues
714:Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz
682:Marie-Dominique Culioli
471:Government Spokesperson
17374:Politicians from Paris
17314:French Roman Catholics
17130:
16796:Rally for the Republic
16515:Rally for the Republic
16015:
16014:Coat of Arms of France
15863:
15862:Coat of Arms of France
15188:Constitutional Council
14774:Provisional Government
14573:(19 Julyâ23 July 1926)
14489:(MarchâSeptember 1917)
14447:(June 1911âMarch 1913)
13958:(AugustâNovember 1830)
13730:(18 Juneâ29 July 1792)
13724:(13 Juneâ18 June 1792)
12529:Catholic Church titles
12348:Rally for the Republic
12123:Minister of the Budget
11869:Le Figaro, 7 June 2007
11522:Hauser, Anita (2003).
11505:Un pouvoir nommé désir
11418:Hauser, Anita (1995).
9821:BBC News (July 2014).
9777:BBC News (July 2014).
9734:BBC News (July 2014).
8686:The Hollywood Reporter
8316:24 August 2007 at the
8260:24 August 2007 at the
8168:21 August 2019 at the
8151:Groupe Lucien BarriĂšre
7318:BBC News, 21 July 2008
7073:13 August 2007 at the
6079:"Globaljournalist.org"
5756:Un pouvoir nommé désir
5568:. Wall Street Journal.
5251:Order of Saint-Charles
5000:Rally for the Republic
4860:Governmental functions
4819:
4782:Investigative website
4748:
4698:
4653:, accused Sarkozy and
4587:
4567:
4505:and depression have a
4464:French Communist Party
4379:
4280:
4194:
4159:Groupe Lucien BarriĂšre
4082:
4019:
3945:
3935:France's participation
3896:
3841:
3805:
3733:
3710:
3651:Dominique Strauss-Kahn
3537:
3453:French nuclear arsenal
3441:
3440:in Germany, June 2007.
3405:
3385:with Defence Minister
3324:
3211:
3150:
2984:
2837:Early political career
2822:Constitutional Council
2798:
2797:, France, 26 May 2011.
2591:, where he failed his
2491:nagybócsai Sårközy Pål
2490:
2338:Minister of the Budget
2169:
1998:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1936:
1922:
1908:
1895:Carrefour de l'Horloge
1886:
1850:Rally for the Republic
1778:Future with Confidence
1105:
1078:
1041:
1005:
986:
937:
913:
875:
841:Conservatism in France
660:Rally for the Republic
419:Minister of the Budget
68:Sarko (disambiguation)
17344:Government of Andorra
17129:
16983:Dominique de Villepin
16883:Philippe Douste-Blazy
16013:
15861:
15684:Nicolas Dupont-Aignan
15098:(MarchâNovember 2004)
14996:(July 1968âJune 1969)
14849:(JulyâSeptember 1948)
14687:(AprilâNovember 1938)
14597:(MarchâDecember 1930)
14591:(FebruaryâMarch 1930)
14471:(9 Juneâ13 June 1914)
14453:(MarchâDecember 1913)
14357:(AprilâDecember 1893)
14297:(JanuaryâAugust 1882)
14237:(AprilâDecember 1872)
14063:(FebruaryâMarch 1848)
14018:(May 1839âMarch 1840)
13883:(JulyâSeptember 1815)
12254:Dominique de Villepin
12185:Dominique de Villepin
12106:Philippe Douste-Blazy
11970:Articles and Coverage
11821:2012 campaign website
11725:Noir, Victor (2005).
11507:. Paris: l'Archipel.
11364:. Paris: B. Grasset.
10835:. Sofia News Agency.
9543:(18 September 2006).
8958:(in French). France.
8956:Le Nouvel Observateur
8779:27 April 2006 at the
8464:. 21 September 2007.
8255:CĂ©cilia, dame d'enfer
8146:4 August 2020 at the
8122:4 August 2020 at the
8099:4 August 2020 at the
7197:30 April 2008 at the
7101:15 April 2021 at the
6816:3 August 2009 at the
6796:27 April 2007 at the
6650:27 April 2005 at the
6570:Le Nouvel Observateur
6511:. 22 September 2003.
6507:(in French). France:
6315:, June 2007 Edition,
6313:Le Monde Diplomatique
6262:(in French). France.
6163:10 March 2013 at the
5833:Le Nouvel Observateur
5452:: Premio Mediterraneo
5155:Order of the Redeemer
5002:: AprilâOctober 1999.
4817:In an interview with
4773:Saif-al-Islam Gaddafi
4746:
4696:
4618:Dominique de Villepin
4582:
4565:
4558:"Casse-toi, pauv'con"
4408:Church of Scientology
4377:
4350:Dominique de Villepin
4278:
4192:
4085:In 2020, Sarkozy was
4064:
4039:La France pour la vie
4017:
4008:Further information:
3991:Victory in Europe Day
3943:
3894:
3835:
3797:
3790:International affairs
3781:Constitutional reform
3742:state interventionism
3731:
3704:
3544:, and Quebec Premier
3535:
3468:Dominique de Villepin
3435:
3403:
3319:
3206:
3199:UMP leader: 2004â2007
3144:
3041:Dominique de Villepin
2982:
2862:Dominique de Villepin
2788:
2340:under Prime Minister
2159:Immigrant criminality
2139:Clerical philosophers
1855:Republican Federation
1523:The Reign of Quantity
1214:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
1129:Thermidorian Reaction
1087:Traditional authority
891:Political Catholicism
516:Philippe Douste-Blazy
263:Dominique de Villepin
206:Dominique de Villepin
195:Dominique de Villepin
17284:Presidents of France
17180:Albert II of Belgium
16977:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
16698:Parliamentary groups
15936:MichĂšle Alliot-Marie
15794:MichĂšle Alliot-Marie
15445:Philippe de Villiers
15248:Claire Bazy-Malaurie
15104:(November 2004â2005)
14927:(JuneâNovember 1957)
14879:(JanuaryâMarch 1952)
14759:(JuneâNovember 1943)
14675:(JanuaryâMarch 1938)
14651:(1 Juneâ7 June 1935)
14615:(JuneâDecember 1932)
14585:(1928âFebruary 1930)
14537:(AprilâOctober 1925)
14417:(MarchâOctober 1906)
14381:(November 1895â1896)
14243:(December 1872â1873)
14186:(JanuaryâApril 1870)
14111:(AprilâOctober 1851)
14105:(JanuaryâApril 1851)
14042:(1847âFebruary 1848)
13793:(JulyâNovember 1799)
13718:(Marchâ13 June 1792)
13550:(December 1720â1722)
12730:Presidents of France
12632:Order of precedence
12484:Co-Prince of Andorra
12412:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
12358:MichĂšle Alliot-Marie
12346:Acting President of
11897:Vive this difference
11651:. Paris: A. Michel.
11649:Le rebelle et le roi
11402:. Paris: A. Michel.
11182:"DĂ©crets et arrĂȘtĂ©s"
11068:. 25 November 2011.
10454:. 10 December 2007.
10121:. 23 November 2020.
10023:. 16 February 2016.
9993:. 16 February 2016.
9944:. Associated Press.
9576:22 July 2016 at the
9363:Agence France-Presse
9321:(25 February 2008).
9151:5 April 2008 at the
9125:(UK) 27 August 2007
9017:Philosophie Magazine
9011:15 July 2011 at the
8799:Les Ă©ditions du Cerf
8526:. 28 November 2007.
8382:blog, 22 August 2007
8163:21st Century Council
7927:. 21 November 2016.
7257:. 13 November 2008.
7169:13 July 2007 at the
7141:15 July 2007 at the
6890:16 July 2007 at the
6838:. UK. Archived from
6811:résultats définitifs
6675:on 29 September 2007
6336:12 June 2007 at the
6112:. UK. Archived from
5924:29 June 2011 at the
5814:, 18 September 2007
5383:United Arab Emirates
5345:Grand Cordon of the
5331:Order of Charles III
5315:Order of Charles III
4334:Cannes Film Festival
4126:rise in antisemitism
3660:In 2010, a study of
3417:Presidency of France
3387:MichĂšle Alliot-Marie
3302:French copyright law
2993:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
2691:(a village north of
2411:). He initiated the
2385:late-2000s recession
2358:Minister of Finances
2315:co-prince of Andorra
2149:FrenchâGerman enmity
1553:The Tyranny of Guilt
1463:Democracy in America
1166:Second French Empire
915:RĂ©volution nationale
586:Additional positions
337:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
240:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
17223:Enrique V. Iglesias
16875:Secretaries-General
16590:Secretaries-general
16410:Permanent President
16066:President-in-Office
15991:Frédéric Mitterrand
15457:Marie-George Buffet
14966:(October 1958â1960)
14945:(JuneâOctober 1958)
14891:(JanuaryâJune 1953)
14873:(1951âJanuary 1952)
14804:(JuneâOctober 1946)
14798:(JanuaryâJune 1946)
14669:(1937âJanuary 1938)
14609:(January 1931â1932)
14423:(October 1906â1909)
14327:(MayâDecember 1887)
14192:(AprilâAugust 1870)
14180:(1867âJanuary 1870)
14150:(January 1852â1855)
14081:(JuneâOctober 1848)
14030:(October 1840â1842)
13544:(MayâDecember 1720)
13532:(1718âJanuary 1720)
13526:(1718âJanuary 1720)
13138:François Mitterrand
12948:Alexandre Millerand
12846:Jean Casimir-Perier
12795:Patrice de MacMahon
12445:New political party
12288:President of France
12234:Minister of Finance
12158:Catherine Trautmann
11797:President of France
11748:. Paris: First Ăd.
11710:. Paris: Michalon.
11462:. Paris: First Ăd.
10791:. 15 November 2004.
8859:. 23 January 2008.
8829:on 10 October 2009.
8195:Schwarzman Scholars
8173:Berggruen Institute
7960:. 30 September 2021
6866:19 May 2007 at the
6836:The Daily Telegraph
6766:www.telegraph.co.uk
6620:, 8 September 2005"
6576:on 8 February 2005.
6331:English translation
6322:1 June 2007 at the
6254:AFP (11 May 2007).
6234:The Washington Post
6204:The Daily Telegraph
6110:The Daily Telegraph
5797:Augustin Scalbert,
5779:on 14 February 2010
5361:First Class of the
5329:Grand Cross of the
5249:Grand Cross of the
5169:Grand Cross of the
5153:Grand Cross of the
5121:First Class of the
5058:Grand Cross of the
4979:Political functions
4888:European Parliament
4651:Liliane Bettencourt
4645:, online newspaper
4474:many people in the
4362:accused Sarkozy of
4240:Journal du dimanche
4178:Schwarzman Scholars
4172:Berggruen Institute
4067:Mohammad bin Salman
3865:Gaza Strip Conflict
3800:President of Brazil
3556:Release of hostages
3517:, a tradition that
3292:In early 2006, the
3076:Minister of Finance
2955:President of France
2874:Minister of Worship
2666:'s French lawyers.
2624:and, later, with a
2546:17th arrondissement
2457:. In 2021, Sarkozy
2346:François Mitterrand
2344:(1993â1995) during
2311:president of France
2054:La Nation française
1830:Movement for France
1825:French Social Party
1645:Political positions
1635:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
1264:Fustel de Coulanges
1156:Bourbon Restoration
1151:Second White Terror
896:Christian democracy
561:Louis-Charles Bary
412:Catherine Trautmann
315:Minister of Finance
161:Other offices held
103:President of France
29:Page version status
17394:Sciences Po alumni
17384:Princes of Andorra
17354:Hungarian nobility
17187:Harald V of Norway
17131:
16907:Jean-François Copé
16889:Pierre MĂ©haignerie
16852:Jean-Claude Gaudin
16827:Jean-François Copé
16016:
15864:
15648:Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon
15565:Candidates in the
15498:miscellaneous left
15433:Olivier Besancenot
15344:Candidates in the
15295:Nominated by: (P)
15068:(August 1995â1997)
14681:(MarchâApril 1938)
14483:(August 1914â1917)
14477:(JuneâAugust 1914)
14138:House of Bonaparte
13937:(JulyâAugust 1830)
13850:House of Bonaparte
13808:House of Bonaparte
13538:(JanuaryâMay 1720)
12392:Jean-Claude Gaudin
12368:Jean-Claude Gaudin
12079:Louis-Charles Bary
12053:Political offices
12046:Offices and titles
11992:3 May 2012 at the
11902:3 May 2012 at the
11850:an article in the
11610:Voyage Ă Sarkoland
11530:. Paris: Grasset.
11422:. Paris: Belfond.
10865:. 11 August 2008.
10717:The New York Times
9632:. United Kingdom.
9601:. United Kingdom.
9366:, 25 February 2008
9323:"Found on the web"
9319:Goldhammer, Arthur
9180:The New York Times
9019:, nr 8, April 2007
8857:Christianity Today
8842:, 2 September 2004
8774:Humanite.presse.fr
8757:on 8 January 2007.
8616:The New York Times
8438:on 31 October 2008
8267:Le Canard enchaßné
8141:Board of Directors
8054:has generic name (
7638:The New York Times
7534:. 7 January 2009.
7409:on 5 February 2009
6974:Maclean's Magazine
6842:on 23 October 2007
6654:, 19 November 2003
6602:, 2 November 2005
6592:4 May 2007 at the
6545:on 2 December 2008
6369:The New York Times
6116:on 13 October 2007
6106:"The Sarkozy saga"
5611:The New York Times
5013:Awards and honours
4882:Electoral mandates
4749:
4699:
4643:Bettencourt affair
4598:Casse-toi pov' con
4568:
4532:The New York Times
4428:on va nettoyer au
4380:
4370:Views on religions
4356:-leaning magazine
4313:Napoléon Bonaparte
4281:
4195:
4083:
4075:Juan Carlos Varela
4020:
3950:British Parliament
3946:
3915:civil war in Libya
3907:Bernard-Henri Levy
3897:
3858:Guantanamo captive
3842:
3806:
3734:
3715:upper middle-class
3711:
3604:TETRA radio system
3598:, a subsidiary of
3564:and the left-wing
3538:
3442:
3406:
3354:affirmative action
3325:
3212:
3209:Nicos Anastasiades
3151:
2985:
2900:. A member of the
2799:
2650:After passing the
2589:8th arrondissement
2393:Russo-Georgian War
2144:European New Right
2068:Le Figaro Magazine
2033:Famille chrétienne
1910:La Manif pour tous
1563:The French Suicide
1189:Barbey d'Aurevilly
1139:Companions of Jehu
1134:First White Terror
981:Counter-revolution
865:French nationalism
35:
17251:
17250:
17245:
17244:
17157:Emperor Emeritus
17066:
17065:
17058:The Popular Right
16895:Patrick Devedjian
16718:
16717:
16705:National Assembly
16437:
16436:
16116:Giscard d'Estaing
16055:Presidents of the
16021:
16020:
15996:Roselyne Bachelot
15961:Christine Lagarde
15931:Jean-Louis Borloo
15869:
15868:
15849:Roselyne Bachelot
15844:Christine Albanel
15829:Christine Lagarde
15809:Jean-Louis Borloo
15727:
15726:
15714:Jacques Cheminade
15581:François Hollande
15532:
15531:
15481:Arlette Laguiller
15421:Jean-Marie Le Pen
15311:
15310:
15242:Nicole Maestracci
15226:François Hollande
15153:
15152:
15062:(MayâAugust 1995)
15000:Giscard d'Estaing
14988:Couve de Murville
14976:Giscard d'Estaing
14757:Couve de Murville
14699:(MarchâJune 1940)
14561:(MarchâJune 1926)
14519:(MarchâJune 1924)
14465:(MarchâJune 1914)
14441:(MarchâJune 1911)
14435:(1910âMarch 1911)
14411:(1905âMarch 1906)
14351:(1892âApril 1893)
14339:(April 1888â1889)
14006:(1837âMarch 1839)
13862:(MarchâJuly 1815)
13734:Delaville-Leroulx
13712:(1791âMarch 1792)
13239:Finance ministers
13205:
13204:
13175:François Hollande
13078:Charles de Gaulle
12684:
12683:
12680:
12671:François Hollande
12668:Succeeded by
12652:
12622:Succeeded by
12594:Succeeded by
12571:Diplomatic posts
12564:François Hollande
12561:Succeeded by
12518:Succeeded by
12503:François Hollande
12500:Succeeded by
12459:Succeeded by
12389:Succeeded by
12355:Succeeded by
12322:Succeeded by
12298:François Hollande
12295:Succeeded by
12268:Succeeded by
12241:Succeeded by
12217:Patrick Devedjian
12214:Succeeded by
12182:Succeeded by
12155:Succeeded by
12133:François d'Aubert
12130:Succeeded by
12103:Succeeded by
12076:Succeeded by
12069:Neuilly-sur-Seine
11947:n°41, Winter 2007
11906:by Suzanne Fields
11893:by David Storobin
11788:Official websites
11537:978-2-246-68001-7
11514:978-2-84187-495-8
11442:. Paris: Pocket.
11371:978-2-246-46301-6
11252:. 27 March 2008.
10934:. 6 October 2009.
10896:legiondhonneur.fr
10755:. 31 August 2023.
10658:. 20 March 2018.
10623:. 20 March 2018.
10588:. 20 March 2018.
10556:. 20 March 2018.
10095:on 1 October 2018
9392:Article noted at
9182:. 5 August 2010.
8962:. 1 October 2005.
8549:L'hyper-président
8494:. 8 August 2009.
8411:, 21 August 2007
8354:, 23 August 2007
8326:, 22 August 2007
8270:, 22 August 2007
8253:Frédéric PagÚs, "
7892:. 29 March 2015.
7563:L'Express Reuters
7433:Houston Chronicle
6768:. 21 March 2007.
6353:, 11 January 2007
6293:on 1 January 2008
6173:, 13 January 2008
6147:on 5 August 2011.
5477:) in French. The
5395:Order of the Bath
5353:) â 28 April 2008
5257:) â 25 April 2008
5235:Order of Muhammad
5089:Commander of the
4998:President of the
4991:President of the
4962:Municipal Council
4954:Neuilly-sur-Seine
4670:Bygmalion scandal
4444:" ("thugs") and "
4414:in January 2008.
3969:François Hollande
3620:François Hollande
3573:Ingrid Betancourt
3527:French Revolution
3378:Charles de Gaulle
3358:same-sex marriage
3294:French parliament
3028:National Assembly
2948:Maastricht Treaty
2918:National Assembly
2898:Neuilly-sur-Seine
2866:Minister of State
2717:Neuilly-sur-Seine
2701:Neuilly-sur-Seine
2664:Silvio Berlusconi
2550:Neuilly-sur-Seine
2507:âin some sources
2471:Family background
2436:François Hollande
2334:Neuilly-sur-Seine
2246:
2245:
2210:France portal
2154:French Revolution
2113:Valeurs actuelles
1620:de La Tour du Pin
1493:What Is a Nation?
1124:War in the Vendée
825:
824:
565:
564:
527:Neuilly-sur-Seine
464:François d'Aubert
308:Patrick Devedjian
150:François Hollande
64:Sarkozy (surname)
47:18 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
17461:
17154:of Sweden (1983)
17093:
17086:
17079:
17070:
17069:
17043:The Social Right
17038:The Strong Right
17023:
17016:
17009:
16925:Laurent Wauquiez
16876:
16845:
16808:
16764:
16754:
16745:
16738:
16731:
16722:
16721:
16648:Valérie Pécresse
16597:Laurent Wauquiez
16544:Laurent Wauquiez
16483:
16473:
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16457:
16450:
16441:
16440:
16058:European Council
16048:
16041:
16034:
16025:
16024:
15986:Valérie Pécresse
15941:Bernard Kouchner
15896:
15889:
15882:
15873:
15872:
15839:Valérie Pécresse
15824:Christine Boutin
15784:Bernard Kouchner
15754:
15747:
15740:
15731:
15730:
15704:Nathalie Arthaud
15625:Other candidates
15559:
15552:
15545:
15536:
15535:
15525:
15517:GĂ©rard Schivardi
15513:
15501:
15489:
15477:
15469:Dominique Voynet
15465:
15453:
15441:
15429:
15417:
15402:Other candidates
15394:
15368:
15338:
15331:
15324:
15315:
15314:
15266:Dominique Lottin
15254:Corinne Luquiens
15180:
15173:
15166:
15157:
15156:
15122:(June 2007â2011)
14889:BourgĂšs-Maunoury
14753:(1942âJune 1943)
14657:(June 1935â1936)
14579:(July 1926â1928)
14567:(JuneâJuly 1926)
14069:(MarchâMay 1848)
14012:(MarchâMay 1839)
13946:House of Orléans
13871:House of Bourbon
13829:House of Bourbon
13787:(1796âJuly 1799)
13356:House of Bourbon
13323:de Cossé-Brissac
13232:
13225:
13218:
13209:
13208:
13150:
13133:
13108:
13096:Georges Pompidou
13059:
13042:
13011:
12994:
12977:
12965:Gaston Doumergue
12960:
12943:
12926:
12914:Raymond Poincaré
12909:
12897:Armand FalliĂšres
12892:
12875:
12858:
12841:
12824:
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12759:
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12709:
12700:
12699:
12687:
12686:
12674:
12663:
12643:
12640:Yaël Braun-Pivet
12637:Preceded by
12604:Preceded by
12576:Preceded by
12550:St. John Lateran
12535:Preceded by
12510:Preceded by
12497:
12474:Preceded by
12462:Laurent Wauquiez
12438:Party abolished
12422:
12405:Preceded by
12398:
12374:
12365:Preceded by
12337:Preceded by
12305:Preceded by
12278:Preceded by
12251:Preceded by
12224:Preceded by
12192:Preceded by
12165:Preceded by
12140:Preceded by
12113:Preceded by
12086:Preceded by
12058:Preceded by
12050:
12049:
12041:
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11985:
11978:Related contents
11848:"Hosing Sarkozy"
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11011:
10996:
10990:
10989:
10978:
10972:
10971:
10960:
10954:
10953:
10942:
10936:
10935:
10924:
10918:
10917:
10906:
10900:
10899:
10893:
10885:
10879:
10878:
10876:
10874:
10855:
10849:
10848:
10846:
10844:
10825:
10819:
10818:
10816:
10814:
10799:
10793:
10792:
10781:
10775:
10774:
10763:
10757:
10756:
10749:
10743:
10742:
10730:
10721:
10720:
10708:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10697:
10681:
10672:
10671:
10669:
10667:
10646:
10637:
10636:
10634:
10632:
10611:
10602:
10601:
10599:
10597:
10576:
10570:
10569:
10567:
10565:
10544:
10535:
10534:
10532:
10530:
10510:
10501:
10500:
10498:
10496:
10474:
10468:
10467:
10465:
10463:
10442:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10428:
10417:
10411:
10410:
10408:
10406:
10394:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10383:
10366:
10360:
10359:
10357:
10355:
10344:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10330:
10319:
10306:
10305:
10303:
10301:
10290:
10279:
10278:
10276:
10274:
10269:. Bloomberg News
10262:
10256:
10255:
10253:
10251:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10221:
10202:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10191:
10180:Associated Press
10171:
10165:
10164:
10162:
10160:
10151:. 1 March 2021.
10141:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10130:
10111:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10100:
10091:. Archived from
10081:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10070:
10043:
10037:
10036:
10034:
10032:
10013:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10002:
9983:
9977:
9964:
9958:
9957:
9955:
9953:
9933:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9901:
9895:
9894:
9892:
9890:
9869:
9863:
9862:
9860:
9858:
9839:
9833:
9819:
9813:
9795:
9789:
9775:
9769:
9752:
9746:
9732:
9726:
9725:
9723:
9721:
9702:
9696:
9683:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9672:
9652:
9646:
9645:
9643:
9641:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9610:
9590:
9584:
9567:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9537:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9523:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9477:
9471:
9470:
9468:
9466:
9446:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9421:
9412:
9406:
9389:
9373:
9367:
9349:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9338:
9315:
9309:
9308:
9307:on 18 July 2012.
9306:
9286:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9262:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9251:
9232:
9226:
9225:
9223:
9221:
9202:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9191:
9172:
9163:
9162:
9142:
9136:
9119:
9108:
9097:; 28 July 2007;
9092:
9086:
9085:, 10 April 2007.
9069:
9063:
9044:
9038:
9031:, 4 April 2007,
9026:
9020:
9003:
8997:
8996:
8994:
8992:
8986:
8970:
8964:
8963:
8960:Associated Press
8948:
8942:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8924:
8905:
8899:
8898:
8887:ArrĂȘt sur images
8879:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8868:
8849:
8843:
8837:
8831:
8830:
8819:
8813:
8812:
8790:
8784:
8765:
8759:
8758:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8736:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8678:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8667:
8646:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8593:
8587:
8574:
8566:
8560:
8558:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8535:
8514:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8503:
8484:
8478:
8477:
8475:
8473:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8443:
8434:. Archived from
8421:
8415:
8414:
8394:Chloé Leprince,
8392:
8383:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8336:
8330:
8329:
8308:
8302:
8301:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8251:
8245:
8222:
8216:
8204:
8198:
8182:
8176:
8160:
8154:
8138:
8132:
8113:
8107:
8091:
8085:
8066:
8060:
8059:
8053:
8049:
8047:
8039:
8027:
8021:
8020:
8018:
8016:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7991:
7976:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7950:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7936:
7921:
7915:
7912:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7882:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7849:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7816:
7810:
7791:
7782:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7733:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7707:
7701:
7690:
7684:
7683:
7681:
7679:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7629:
7623:
7611:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7585:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7554:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7524:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7493:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7455:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7444:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7399:
7393:
7380:
7374:
7356:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7325:
7319:
7305:
7299:
7298:
7295:, 8 August 2007
7277:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7247:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7227:. 24 July 2008.
7217:
7211:
7210:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7161:
7155:
7154:
7133:
7127:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7093:
7087:
7086:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7055:, 4 August 2007
7036:
7030:
7029:
7024:. Archived from
7014:
7008:
7007:
6988:
6982:
6981:
6965:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6945:. Archived from
6939:
6930:
6910:
6901:
6882:
6876:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6827:
6821:
6807:
6801:
6788:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6777:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6727:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6661:
6655:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6616:"Interview with
6612:
6606:
6605:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6468:
6462:
6450:
6444:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6410:
6404:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6375:on 17 April 2009
6371:. Archived from
6360:
6354:
6346:
6340:
6328:
6309:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6180:
6174:
6155:
6149:
6148:
6143:. Archived from
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6075:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6002:on 14 March 2010
5992:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5946:on 24 March 2010
5935:
5929:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5886:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5769:
5763:
5753:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5702:on 17 April 2008
5692:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5672:. 26 July 2009.
5662:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5561:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5536:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5488:
5482:
5467:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5428:St. John Lateran
5418:
5416:
5415:
5392:
5376:
5360:
5344:
5328:
5312:
5296:
5280:
5264:
5248:
5232:
5216:
5200:
5184:
5168:
5152:
5136:
5120:
5104:
5091:Order of Leopold
5088:
5076:
5057:
5040:
5032:
5024:Legion of Honour
4920:Regional Council
4843:Political career
4824:
4769:Libyan Civil War
4767:During the 2011
4622:Washington, D.C.
4614:invasion of Iraq
4480:Clichy-sous-Bois
4436:2005 Paris riots
4228:âsuch as in the
4141:Corporate boards
4136:Other activities
4130:IsraelâHamas war
4071:Gianni Infantino
3881:Condoleezza Rice
3810:entente cordiale
3719:boost GDP growth
3486:, who served as
3472:Bernard Kouchner
3373:aircraft carrier
3300:, which reforms
3169:housing projects
3147:Condoleezza Rice
3056:Muslim community
3024:Legion of Honour
3017:Jean-Louis Debré
2974:Rally for France
2940:Ădouard Balladur
2886:Finance Minister
2506:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2342:Ădouard Balladur
2308:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2174:
2106:Radio Courtoisie
2087:
2003:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1941:
1927:
1913:
1899:
1891:
1888:Action Française
1860:Resistance Party
1845:Rally for France
1773:The Nationalists
1763:Debout la France
1610:de Chateaubriand
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1483:The Ancient City
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1244:de Chateaubriand
1110:
1083:
1068:Social hierarchy
1046:
1010:
991:
942:
918:
880:
852:
842:
827:
826:
817:
767:
765:
761:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
704:
702:
698:
694:
628:
624:
622:
606:Personal details
558:
546:
537:
512:
500:
493:Ădouard Balladur
490:
481:
460:
448:
441:Ădouard Balladur
438:
429:
408:
396:
388:Ădouard Balladur
384:
375:
356:
344:
334:
325:
304:
292:
283:
260:
248:
236:
227:
213:
203:
191:
182:
157:
156:
146:
134:
122:
113:
89:
75:
74:
21:
17469:
17468:
17464:
17463:
17462:
17460:
17459:
17458:
17264:Nicolas Sarkozy
17254:
17253:
17252:
17247:
17246:
17241:
17234:
17217:Nicolas Sarkozy
17161:of Japan (1985)
17152:Carl XVI Gustaf
17147:of Spain (1941)
17132:
17121:
17118:of Spain (1981)
17103:
17097:
17067:
17062:
17026:
17019:
17012:
17005:
16994:
16989:François Fillon
16970:Prime Ministers
16965:
16952:Nicolas Sarkozy
16930:
16913:MichĂšle Tabarot
16901:Xavier Bertrand
16874:
16869:
16844:Vice Presidents
16843:
16838:
16833:Nicolas Sarkozy
16821:Nicolas Sarkozy
16806:
16801:
16762:
16756:
16752:
16749:
16719:
16714:
16693:
16657:
16638:François Fillon
16626:
16621:Aurélien Pradié
16609:Bernard Accoyer
16585:
16564:Christian Jacob
16538:Nicolas Sarkozy
16526:
16481:
16475:
16472:The Republicans
16471:
16468:
16438:
16433:
16411:
16405:
16236:Nyrup Rasmussen
16068:
16060:
16052:
16022:
16017:
16005:
15951:Brice Hortefeux
15921:François Baroin
15916:François Fillon
15907:
15900:
15870:
15865:
15853:
15819:Xavier Bertrand
15799:Brice Hortefeux
15774:François Fillon
15765:
15758:
15728:
15723:
15694:Philippe Poutou
15658:François Bayrou
15620:
15611:Nicolas Sarkozy
15596:
15569:
15563:
15533:
15528:
15519:
15507:
15505:Frédéric Nihous
15495:
15483:
15471:
15459:
15447:
15435:
15423:
15411:
15409:François Bayrou
15397:
15388:
15371:
15362:
15360:Nicolas Sarkozy
15348:
15342:
15312:
15307:
15289:
15284:François Pillet
15230:
15221:Nicolas Sarkozy
15207:
15191:
15186:Members of the
15184:
15154:
15149:
15116:(MayâJune 2007)
15110:(2005âMay 2007)
15056:(1993âMay 1995)
14990:(MayâJuly 1968)
14984:(1966âMay 1968)
14956:
14948:
14939:(MayâJune 1958)
14815:
14813:Fourth Republic
14807:
14776:
14768:
14737:
14729:
14710:
14702:
14517:François-Marsal
14499:François-Marsal
14261:(1875âMay 1877)
14229:Pouyer-Quertier
14209:
14201:
14140:
14132:
14075:(MayâJune 1848)
14053:
14051:Second Republic
14045:
14034:Lacave-Laplagne
14004:Lacave-Laplagne
13948:
13940:
13931:(MayâJuly 1830)
13925:(1829âMay 1830)
13873:
13865:
13852:
13844:
13831:
13823:
13810:
13802:
13753:
13745:
13466:de La Vieuville
13390:de La Vieuville
13358:
13350:
13273:
13271:House of Valois
13265:
13245:
13236:
13206:
13201:
13194:
13185:Emmanuel Macron
13165:Nicolas Sarkozy
13144:
13127:
13102:
13063:
13053:
13036:
13021:Fourth Republic
13015:
13005:
12988:
12971:
12954:
12937:
12920:
12903:
12886:
12869:
12852:
12835:
12818:
12801:
12784:
12763:
12753:
12738:Second Republic
12732:
12727:
12692:
12691:Nicolas Sarkozy
12673:
12661:
12659:
12642:
12627:
12625:Felipe CalderĂłn
12618:
12609:
12599:
12590:
12581:
12566:
12557:
12548:
12540:
12523:
12515:
12505:
12490:
12489:
12487:
12479:
12464:
12455:
12452:The Republicans
12433:
12424:
12420:
12418:
12416:François Fillon
12414:
12410:
12400:
12396:
12394:
12385:
12376:
12372:
12370:
12360:
12351:
12342:
12340:Philippe SĂ©guin
12327:
12325:Mirek TopolĂĄnek
12318:
12310:
12300:
12291:
12283:
12273:
12271:François Baroin
12264:
12256:
12246:
12237:
12229:
12219:
12210:
12205:
12197:
12187:
12178:
12170:
12168:Daniel Vaillant
12160:
12151:
12145:
12135:
12126:
12118:
12116:Michel Charasse
12108:
12099:
12091:
12081:
12072:
12063:
12061:Achille Peretti
12048:
12022:Nicolas Sarkozy
12013:
12009:Wayback Machine
11998:
11994:Wayback Machine
11983:
11980:
11937:, 23 April 2007
11929:Wayback Machine
11918:, 12 April 2007
11910:France's chance
11904:Wayback Machine
11867:Wayback Machine
11838:
11825:
11817:
11809:
11801:
11793:
11790:
11785:
11775:
11765:Nicoléon, roman
11756:
11737:
11718:
11699:
11679:
11659:
11639:
11620:
11601:
11579:
11570:
11569:
11560:
11559:
11538:
11515:
11496:
11478:Mayaffre, Damon
11470:
11450:
11430:
11410:
11391:
11383:. Paris: Plon.
11372:
11356:
11354:Further reading
11351:
11341:
11339:
11338:on 24 July 2011
11326:
11325:
11321:
11311:
11309:
11300:
11299:
11295:
11285:
11283:
11274:
11273:
11269:
11259:
11257:
11244:
11243:
11239:
11226:
11225:
11221:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11197:
11195:
11191:
11184:
11180:
11179:
11175:
11165:
11163:
11150:
11149:
11145:
11135:
11133:
11120:
11119:
11115:
11105:
11103:
11090:
11089:
11085:
11075:
11073:
11060:
11059:
11055:
11042:
11041:
11037:
11024:
11023:
11019:
11009:
11007:
10998:
10997:
10993:
10980:
10979:
10975:
10962:
10961:
10957:
10944:
10943:
10939:
10926:
10925:
10921:
10908:
10907:
10903:
10891:
10887:
10886:
10882:
10872:
10870:
10857:
10856:
10852:
10842:
10840:
10827:
10826:
10822:
10812:
10810:
10801:
10800:
10796:
10783:
10782:
10778:
10765:
10764:
10760:
10751:
10750:
10746:
10731:
10724:
10709:
10705:
10695:
10693:
10682:
10675:
10665:
10663:
10648:
10647:
10640:
10630:
10628:
10613:
10612:
10605:
10595:
10593:
10578:
10577:
10573:
10563:
10561:
10546:
10545:
10538:
10528:
10526:
10513:Chazan, David.
10511:
10504:
10494:
10492:
10475:
10471:
10461:
10459:
10444:
10443:
10436:
10426:
10424:
10419:
10418:
10414:
10404:
10402:
10395:
10391:
10381:
10379:
10368:
10367:
10363:
10353:
10351:
10346:
10345:
10338:
10328:
10326:
10321:
10320:
10309:
10299:
10297:
10292:
10291:
10282:
10272:
10270:
10263:
10259:
10249:
10247:
10234:
10233:
10229:
10219:
10217:
10204:
10203:
10199:
10189:
10187:
10172:
10168:
10158:
10156:
10143:
10142:
10138:
10128:
10126:
10113:
10112:
10108:
10098:
10096:
10083:
10082:
10078:
10068:
10066:
10045:
10044:
10040:
10030:
10028:
10015:
10014:
10010:
10000:
9998:
9985:
9984:
9980:
9974:Wayback Machine
9965:
9961:
9951:
9949:
9934:
9930:
9920:
9918:
9910:BBC News Online
9903:
9902:
9898:
9888:
9886:
9878:BBC News Online
9871:
9870:
9866:
9856:
9854:
9849:. 2 July 2014.
9847:Daily Telegraph
9841:
9840:
9836:
9830:Wayback Machine
9820:
9816:
9806:Wayback Machine
9796:
9792:
9786:Wayback Machine
9776:
9772:
9763:Wayback Machine
9753:
9749:
9743:Wayback Machine
9733:
9729:
9719:
9717:
9712:. 6 July 2010.
9710:Financial Times
9704:
9703:
9699:
9693:Wayback Machine
9684:
9680:
9670:
9668:
9653:
9649:
9639:
9637:
9622:
9618:
9608:
9606:
9591:
9587:
9578:Wayback Machine
9568:
9564:
9554:
9552:
9538:
9531:
9521:
9519:
9504:
9500:
9490:
9488:
9479:
9478:
9474:
9464:
9462:
9447:
9443:
9433:
9431:
9419:
9413:
9409:
9401:Wayback Machine
9374:
9370:
9359:Wayback Machine
9350:
9346:
9336:
9334:
9327:French Politics
9316:
9312:
9300:
9288:
9287:
9283:
9273:
9271:
9270:. 6 August 2016
9264:
9263:
9259:
9249:
9247:
9234:
9233:
9229:
9219:
9217:
9204:
9203:
9199:
9189:
9187:
9174:
9173:
9166:
9160:
9153:Wayback Machine
9143:
9139:
9134:Wayback Machine
9120:
9111:
9106:Wayback Machine
9093:
9089:
9079:Wayback Machine
9070:
9066:
9056:, 11 April 2007
9054:Wayback Machine
9045:
9041:
9027:
9023:
9013:Wayback Machine
9006:online extracts
9004:
9000:
8990:
8988:
8987:on 26 June 2005
8984:
8972:
8971:
8967:
8950:
8949:
8945:
8936:
8932:
8922:
8920:
8907:
8906:
8902:
8897:on 3 July 2007.
8881:
8880:
8876:
8866:
8864:
8851:
8850:
8846:
8838:
8834:
8821:
8820:
8816:
8809:
8791:
8787:
8781:Wayback Machine
8766:
8762:
8749:
8748:
8744:
8734:
8732:
8709:
8705:
8695:
8693:
8688:. 18 May 2011.
8680:
8679:
8675:
8665:
8663:
8658:. 17 May 2007.
8648:
8647:
8643:
8633:
8631:
8608:
8604:
8598:
8591:
8589:
8585:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8563:
8556:
8555:, 06 Juin 2007
8547:
8543:
8533:
8531:
8516:
8515:
8511:
8501:
8499:
8486:
8485:
8481:
8471:
8469:
8456:
8455:
8451:
8441:
8439:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8403:Wayback Machine
8393:
8386:
8374:Wayback Machine
8365:
8361:
8355:
8346:Wayback Machine
8337:
8333:
8327:
8318:Wayback Machine
8309:
8305:
8299:
8290:Wayback Machine
8281:
8277:
8271:
8262:Wayback Machine
8252:
8248:
8232:Wayback Machine
8223:
8219:
8215:, 9 August 2007
8205:
8201:
8192:Wayback Machine
8183:
8179:
8170:Wayback Machine
8161:
8157:
8148:Wayback Machine
8139:
8135:
8124:Wayback Machine
8114:
8110:
8101:Wayback Machine
8092:
8088:
8077:Wayback Machine
8067:
8063:
8051:
8050:
8041:
8040:
8028:
8024:
8014:
8012:
8004:
8003:
7999:
7989:
7987:
7985:The Independent
7977:
7973:
7963:
7961:
7952:
7951:
7944:
7934:
7932:
7923:
7922:
7918:
7913:
7909:
7899:
7897:
7884:
7883:
7879:
7869:
7867:
7850:
7846:
7836:
7834:
7817:
7813:
7806:Financial Times
7802:Wayback Machine
7792:
7785:
7778:Financial Times
7774:Wayback Machine
7764:
7760:
7750:
7748:
7735:
7734:
7730:
7720:
7718:
7709:
7708:
7704:
7691:
7687:
7677:
7675:
7662:
7661:
7657:
7647:
7645:
7630:
7626:
7620:Wayback Machine
7612:
7608:
7598:
7596:
7587:
7586:
7582:
7572:
7570:
7555:
7551:
7541:
7539:
7526:
7525:
7521:
7511:
7509:
7494:
7490:
7483:
7479:
7469:
7467:
7456:
7452:
7442:
7440:
7439:on 3 April 2009
7427:
7426:
7422:
7412:
7410:
7401:
7400:
7396:
7390:Wayback Machine
7381:
7377:
7371:Washington Post
7367:Wayback Machine
7357:
7353:
7343:
7341:
7326:
7322:
7316:Wayback Machine
7306:
7302:
7296:
7287:Wayback Machine
7278:
7274:
7264:
7262:
7249:
7248:
7244:
7234:
7232:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7199:Wayback Machine
7190:
7186:
7180:
7179:, 13 July 2007
7171:Wayback Machine
7162:
7158:
7152:
7151:, 13 July 2007
7143:Wayback Machine
7134:
7130:
7117:
7116:
7112:
7103:Wayback Machine
7094:
7090:
7084:
7083:, 10 July 2007
7075:Wayback Machine
7066:
7062:
7056:
7052:Washington Post
7047:Wayback Machine
7037:
7033:
7016:
7015:
7011:
7005:
6998:Wayback Machine
6989:
6985:
6966:
6962:
6952:
6950:
6949:on 4 March 2016
6941:
6940:
6933:
6929:, 4 August 2007
6926:Washington Post
6921:Wayback Machine
6911:
6904:
6892:Wayback Machine
6883:
6879:
6868:Wayback Machine
6859:
6855:
6845:
6843:
6828:
6824:
6818:Wayback Machine
6808:
6804:
6800:. 18 April 2007
6798:Wayback Machine
6789:
6785:
6775:
6773:
6760:
6759:
6755:
6745:
6743:
6728:
6724:
6716:
6712:
6702:Wayback Machine
6692:
6688:
6678:
6676:
6663:
6662:
6658:
6652:Wayback Machine
6643:
6639:
6629:
6627:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6594:Wayback Machine
6585:
6581:
6562:
6558:
6548:
6546:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6516:
6497:
6496:
6492:
6482:
6480:
6469:
6465:
6460:Wayback Machine
6451:
6447:
6440:JO associations
6437:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6401:Wayback Machine
6392:
6388:
6378:
6376:
6361:
6357:
6347:
6343:
6338:Wayback Machine
6326:
6324:Wayback Machine
6310:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6283:
6279:
6269:
6267:
6252:
6248:
6238:
6236:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6213:
6211:
6196:
6192:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6165:Wayback Machine
6156:
6152:
6133:
6129:
6119:
6117:
6102:
6098:
6088:
6086:
6085:on 31 July 2012
6077:
6076:
6072:
6062:
6060:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6034:
6019:
6015:
6005:
6003:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5979:
5977:
5970:The Independent
5964:
5963:
5959:
5949:
5947:
5936:
5932:
5926:Wayback Machine
5917:
5913:
5903:
5901:
5900:on 22 July 2011
5888:
5887:
5883:
5873:
5871:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5843:
5841:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5815:
5806:Wayback Machine
5796:
5792:
5782:
5780:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5754:
5741:
5731:
5729:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5705:
5703:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5679:
5677:
5664:
5663:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5620:
5618:
5603:
5599:
5589:
5587:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5562:
5555:
5545:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5523:
5517:
5513:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5468:
5464:
5459:
5443:
5441:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5069:
5067:Foreign Honours
5020:
5015:
4986:The Republicans
4936:General Council
4845:
4815:
4788:Ziad Takieddine
4762:Dassault Rafale
4753:Muammar Gaddafi
4741:
4735:
4707:Gilbert Azibert
4697:Sarkozy in 2022
4663:Court of Appeal
4639:
4630:
4610:
4560:
4549:Robert Badinter
4537:Socialist Party
4519:speech in Dakar
4420:
4372:
4342:
4321:François Fillon
4293:Hyper-president
4264:Daily Telegraph
4187:
4168:
4147:LagardĂšre Group
4143:
4138:
4104:Emmanuel Macron
4048:François Fillon
4034:
4012:
4006:
3987:
3982:
3980:Post-presidency
3973:Socialist Party
3965:
3959:
3923:resolution 1973
3911:Muammar Gaddafi
3900:Muammar Gaddafi
3889:
3840:, November 2010
3792:
3783:
3751:
3749:Security policy
3696:inheritance tax
3678:
3676:Economic policy
3643:
3628:
3612:Communist Party
3608:Socialist Party
3588:Muammar Gaddafi
3558:
3500:Brice Hortefeux
3480:Socialist Party
3464:François Fillon
3430:
3425:
3419:
3360:, he advocated
3331:
3314:
3237:taxation system
3201:
3161:
3139:
3103:nationalisation
3072:
3049:
3013:Brice Hortefeux
2966:Philippe SĂ©guin
2910:Achille Peretti
2894:
2839:
2818:
2816:Personal wealth
2783:
2737:Bernard Arnault
2733:Martin Bouygues
2713:
2699:, the mayor of
2697:Achille Peretti
2677:
2672:
2662:and was one of
2579:
2542:
2500:
2499:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2440:The Republicans
2423:in 2008 at the
2415:(2007) and the
2399:(especially in
2377:Socialist Party
2352:, he served as
2330:French Catholic
2302:
2301:
2293:
2286:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2204:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2183:
2182:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2085:
2015:
2007:
2006:
1963:Cercle Proudhon
1954:Camelots du Roi
1931:Student Cockade
1897:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1793:The Republicans
1758:Alliance Royale
1750:
1742:
1741:
1640:Le Pen (Marine)
1590:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1161:Ultra-royalists
1100:
1092:
1091:
1007:Noblesse oblige
966:
958:
957:
877:Nouvelle Droite
860:
840:
801:
770:
769:
757:
753:
743:
723:
719:
716:
706:
703: 1996)
690:
686:
683:
663:
658:
650:
649:Other political
642:The Republicans
638:Political party
629:
626:
625:28 January 1955
620:
618:
617:
616:
556:
550:Achille Peretti
544:
538:
533:
510:
498:
488:
482:
477:
458:
452:Michel Charasse
446:
436:
430:
425:
406:
394:
382:
376:
371:
354:
342:
332:
326:
321:
302:
290:
284:
279:
258:
252:Daniel Vaillant
246:
234:
228:
223:
217:François Baroin
211:
201:
189:
183:
178:
162:
144:
132:
126:François Fillon
120:
114:
109:
92:
91:Sarkozy in 2008
80:
79:Nicolas Sarkozy
71:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
17467:
17457:
17456:
17451:
17446:
17441:
17436:
17431:
17426:
17421:
17416:
17411:
17406:
17401:
17396:
17391:
17389:Sarkozy family
17386:
17381:
17376:
17371:
17366:
17361:
17356:
17351:
17346:
17341:
17336:
17331:
17326:
17321:
17316:
17311:
17306:
17301:
17296:
17291:
17286:
17281:
17276:
17271:
17266:
17249:
17248:
17243:
17242:
17239:
17236:
17235:
17233:
17232:
17226:
17220:
17214:
17208:
17202:
17196:
17190:
17183:
17176:
17169:
17162:
17155:
17148:
17143:King Emeritus
17140:
17138:
17134:
17133:
17124:
17122:
17120:
17119:
17111:
17109:
17105:
17104:
17096:
17095:
17088:
17081:
17073:
17064:
17063:
17061:
17060:
17055:
17050:
17045:
17040:
17034:
17032:
17028:
17027:
17025:
17024:
17017:
17010:
17002:
17000:
16996:
16995:
16993:
16992:
16986:
16980:
16973:
16971:
16967:
16966:
16964:
16963:
16949:
16942:Jacques Chirac
16938:
16936:
16932:
16931:
16929:
16928:
16922:
16916:
16910:
16904:
16898:
16892:
16886:
16879:
16877:
16871:
16870:
16868:
16867:
16861:
16855:
16848:
16846:
16840:
16839:
16837:
16836:
16830:
16824:
16818:
16811:
16809:
16803:
16802:
16800:
16799:
16793:
16787:
16781:
16775:
16768:
16766:
16758:
16757:
16748:
16747:
16740:
16733:
16725:
16716:
16715:
16713:
16712:
16707:
16701:
16699:
16695:
16694:
16692:
16691:
16686:
16681:
16676:
16671:
16665:
16663:
16659:
16658:
16656:
16655:
16645:
16634:
16632:
16628:
16627:
16625:
16624:
16623:(2019âpresent)
16618:
16615:Annie Genevard
16612:
16606:
16600:
16593:
16591:
16587:
16586:
16584:
16583:
16582:(2022âpresent)
16577:
16570:Annie Genevard
16567:
16561:
16551:
16541:
16534:
16532:
16528:
16527:
16525:
16524:
16518:
16512:
16506:
16500:
16494:
16487:
16485:
16477:
16476:
16467:
16466:
16459:
16452:
16444:
16435:
16434:
16432:
16431:
16426:
16421:
16415:
16413:
16407:
16406:
16404:
16403:
16398:
16393:
16388:
16383:
16378:
16373:
16368:
16363:
16358:
16353:
16348:
16343:
16338:
16333:
16328:
16326:Fogh Rasmussen
16323:
16318:
16313:
16308:
16303:
16298:
16293:
16288:
16283:
16278:
16273:
16268:
16263:
16258:
16253:
16248:
16243:
16238:
16233:
16228:
16223:
16218:
16213:
16208:
16203:
16198:
16193:
16188:
16183:
16178:
16173:
16168:
16163:
16158:
16153:
16148:
16143:
16138:
16133:
16128:
16123:
16118:
16113:
16108:
16103:
16098:
16093:
16088:
16083:
16078:
16072:
16070:
16062:
16061:
16051:
16050:
16043:
16036:
16028:
16019:
16018:
16008:
16006:
16004:
16003:
16001:Michel Mercier
15998:
15993:
15988:
15983:
15981:Bruno Le Maire
15978:
15973:
15968:
15963:
15958:
15953:
15948:
15943:
15938:
15933:
15928:
15923:
15918:
15912:
15909:
15908:
15899:
15898:
15891:
15884:
15876:
15867:
15866:
15856:
15854:
15852:
15851:
15846:
15841:
15836:
15831:
15826:
15821:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15781:
15776:
15770:
15767:
15766:
15757:
15756:
15749:
15742:
15734:
15725:
15724:
15722:
15721:
15711:
15701:
15691:
15681:
15665:
15655:
15645:
15628:
15626:
15622:
15621:
15619:
15618:
15607:
15605:
15598:
15597:
15595:
15594:
15577:
15575:
15571:
15570:
15562:
15561:
15554:
15547:
15539:
15530:
15529:
15527:
15526:
15514:
15502:
15490:
15478:
15466:
15454:
15442:
15430:
15418:
15405:
15403:
15399:
15398:
15396:
15395:
15386:SĂ©golĂšne Royal
15382:
15380:
15373:
15372:
15370:
15369:
15356:
15354:
15350:
15349:
15341:
15340:
15333:
15326:
15318:
15309:
15308:
15294:
15291:
15290:
15288:
15287:
15281:
15278:Jacques MĂ©zard
15275:
15269:
15263:
15260:Michel Pinault
15257:
15251:
15245:
15238:
15236:
15232:
15231:
15229:
15228:
15223:
15217:
15215:
15209:
15208:
15206:
15205:
15203:Laurent Fabius
15199:
15197:
15193:
15192:
15183:
15182:
15175:
15168:
15160:
15151:
15150:
15148:
15147:
15146:(2017âpresent)
15141:
15135:
15129:
15123:
15117:
15111:
15105:
15099:
15093:
15087:
15081:
15075:
15069:
15063:
15057:
15051:
15045:
15039:
15033:
15027:
15021:
15015:
15009:
15003:
14997:
14991:
14985:
14979:
14973:
14967:
14960:
14958:
14957:(1958âpresent)
14954:Fifth Republic
14950:
14949:
14947:
14946:
14940:
14934:
14928:
14922:
14916:
14910:
14904:
14898:
14892:
14886:
14880:
14874:
14868:
14862:
14856:
14850:
14844:
14838:
14832:
14826:
14819:
14817:
14809:
14808:
14806:
14805:
14799:
14793:
14787:
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14778:
14770:
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14766:
14760:
14754:
14748:
14741:
14739:
14731:
14730:
14728:
14727:
14721:
14714:
14712:
14704:
14703:
14701:
14700:
14694:
14688:
14682:
14676:
14670:
14664:
14658:
14652:
14646:
14643:Germain-Martin
14640:
14634:
14628:
14622:
14616:
14613:Germain-Martin
14610:
14604:
14601:Germain-Martin
14598:
14592:
14586:
14580:
14574:
14568:
14562:
14556:
14550:
14544:
14538:
14532:
14526:
14520:
14514:
14508:
14502:
14496:
14490:
14484:
14478:
14472:
14466:
14460:
14454:
14448:
14442:
14436:
14430:
14424:
14418:
14412:
14406:
14400:
14394:
14388:
14382:
14376:
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14364:
14358:
14352:
14346:
14340:
14334:
14328:
14322:
14316:
14310:
14304:
14298:
14292:
14286:
14280:
14274:
14268:
14262:
14256:
14250:
14244:
14238:
14232:
14226:
14220:
14213:
14211:
14207:Third Republic
14203:
14202:
14200:
14199:
14193:
14187:
14181:
14175:
14169:
14163:
14157:
14151:
14144:
14142:
14134:
14133:
14131:
14130:
14124:
14118:
14112:
14106:
14100:
14094:
14088:
14085:Trouvé-Chauvel
14082:
14076:
14070:
14064:
14057:
14055:
14047:
14046:
14044:
14043:
14037:
14031:
14025:
14019:
14013:
14007:
14001:
13995:
13989:
13983:
13977:
13971:
13965:
13959:
13952:
13950:
13942:
13941:
13939:
13938:
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13926:
13920:
13914:
13908:
13902:
13896:
13890:
13884:
13877:
13875:
13867:
13866:
13864:
13863:
13856:
13854:
13846:
13845:
13843:
13842:
13835:
13833:
13825:
13824:
13822:
13821:
13814:
13812:
13804:
13803:
13801:
13800:
13794:
13788:
13782:
13776:
13770:
13764:
13757:
13755:
13751:First Republic
13747:
13746:
13744:
13743:
13737:
13731:
13725:
13719:
13713:
13707:
13701:
13695:
13689:
13683:
13677:
13671:
13665:
13659:
13653:
13647:
13641:
13635:
13629:
13623:
13617:
13611:
13605:
13599:
13593:
13587:
13581:
13575:
13569:
13563:
13557:
13551:
13548:de La Houssaye
13545:
13539:
13533:
13527:
13521:
13515:
13509:
13503:
13497:
13491:
13485:
13479:
13469:
13463:
13457:
13447:
13441:
13435:
13425:
13419:
13409:
13403:
13393:
13387:
13381:
13375:
13369:
13362:
13360:
13352:
13351:
13349:
13348:
13342:
13336:
13330:
13320:
13314:
13308:
13302:
13296:
13290:
13284:
13277:
13275:
13267:
13266:
13264:
13263:
13257:
13250:
13247:
13246:
13235:
13234:
13227:
13220:
13212:
13203:
13202:
13199:
13196:
13195:
13193:
13192:
13182:
13172:
13162:
13155:Jacques Chirac
13152:
13135:
13118:
13110:
13093:
13085:
13074:
13072:
13071:(1958âpresent)
13069:Fifth Republic
13065:
13064:
13062:
13061:
13044:
13030:Vincent Auriol
13026:
13024:
13017:
13016:
13014:
13013:
12996:
12979:
12962:
12945:
12931:Paul Deschanel
12928:
12911:
12894:
12877:
12860:
12843:
12826:
12809:
12792:
12778:Adolphe Thiers
12774:
12772:
12769:Third Republic
12765:
12764:
12762:
12761:
12743:
12741:
12734:
12733:
12726:
12725:
12718:
12711:
12703:
12697:
12694:
12693:
12682:
12681:
12669:
12666:
12653:
12638:
12634:
12633:
12629:
12628:
12623:
12620:
12610:
12605:
12601:
12600:
12595:
12592:
12582:
12579:Stephen Harper
12577:
12573:
12572:
12568:
12567:
12562:
12559:
12545:Honorary Canon
12541:
12538:Jacques Chirac
12536:
12532:
12531:
12525:
12524:
12519:
12516:
12511:
12507:
12506:
12501:
12498:
12480:
12477:Jacques Chirac
12475:
12471:
12470:
12469:Regnal titles
12466:
12465:
12460:
12457:
12447:
12441:
12440:
12435:
12425:
12406:
12402:
12401:
12390:
12387:
12377:
12366:
12362:
12361:
12356:
12353:
12343:
12338:
12334:
12333:
12329:
12328:
12323:
12320:
12311:
12306:
12302:
12301:
12296:
12293:
12284:
12281:Jacques Chirac
12279:
12275:
12274:
12269:
12266:
12257:
12252:
12248:
12247:
12242:
12239:
12230:
12225:
12221:
12220:
12215:
12212:
12207:Hauts-de-Seine
12198:
12195:Charles Pasqua
12193:
12189:
12188:
12183:
12180:
12171:
12166:
12162:
12161:
12156:
12153:
12146:
12143:Alain Carignon
12141:
12137:
12136:
12131:
12128:
12119:
12114:
12110:
12109:
12104:
12101:
12092:
12087:
12083:
12082:
12077:
12074:
12064:
12059:
12055:
12054:
12047:
12044:
12043:
12042:
12028:
12019:
12011:
11996:
11979:
11976:
11975:
11974:
11966:
11960:
11954:
11948:
11938:
11934:The New Yorker
11919:
11907:
11894:
11886:
11878:
11870:
11855:
11845:
11837:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11823:
11815:
11807:
11799:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11783:External links
11781:
11780:
11779:
11773:
11760:
11754:
11741:
11735:
11722:
11716:
11703:
11697:
11684:
11677:
11664:
11657:
11644:
11637:
11629:Sarko circus =
11624:
11618:
11605:
11599:
11586:
11542:
11536:
11519:
11513:
11500:
11495:978-2724612431
11494:
11474:
11468:
11455:
11448:
11435:
11428:
11415:
11408:
11395:
11389:
11376:
11370:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11349:
11319:
11293:
11267:
11237:
11232:alamyimages.fr
11219:
11216:(in Ukrainian)
11205:
11173:
11143:
11113:
11083:
11053:
11048:alamyimages.fr
11035:
11030:alamyimages.fr
11017:
10991:
10986:alamyimages.fr
10973:
10968:alamyimages.fr
10955:
10950:alamyimages.fr
10937:
10919:
10901:
10880:
10850:
10820:
10794:
10789:gettyimages.fi
10776:
10758:
10744:
10722:
10703:
10673:
10638:
10603:
10571:
10536:
10502:
10469:
10434:
10412:
10389:
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10307:
10280:
10257:
10227:
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10136:
10106:
10076:
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10008:
9978:
9959:
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9896:
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9770:
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9727:
9697:
9678:
9647:
9616:
9585:
9562:
9529:
9498:
9472:
9441:
9407:
9405:
9404:
9368:
9344:
9310:
9281:
9257:
9227:
9197:
9164:
9144:Michel Agier,
9137:
9121:Chris McGreal;
9109:
9087:
9064:
9039:
9021:
8998:
8965:
8943:
8930:
8900:
8874:
8844:
8832:
8814:
8807:
8785:
8783:, 11 June 2005
8760:
8742:
8703:
8673:
8641:
8602:
8561:
8541:
8509:
8479:
8449:
8416:
8384:
8379:Foreign Policy
8359:
8331:
8303:
8298:, 13 May 2007
8275:
8246:
8217:
8199:
8177:
8155:
8133:
8108:
8086:
8061:
8022:
7997:
7971:
7942:
7916:
7907:
7877:
7844:
7811:
7783:
7758:
7743:. 6 May 2012.
7728:
7702:
7685:
7655:
7624:
7606:
7595:on 19 May 2011
7580:
7549:
7519:
7488:
7477:
7466:on 24 May 2024
7450:
7420:
7394:
7375:
7351:
7320:
7300:
7272:
7242:
7212:
7207:, 7 June 2007
7184:
7156:
7128:
7110:
7088:
7060:
7031:
7009:
7004:, 8 June 2007
6983:
6960:
6931:
6902:
6900:, 23 June 2007
6877:
6853:
6822:
6802:
6783:
6753:
6722:
6710:
6686:
6656:
6637:
6607:
6579:
6556:
6526:
6490:
6463:
6445:
6431:
6405:
6394:Sauced Sarkozy
6386:
6355:
6341:
6317:French version
6304:
6277:
6246:
6221:
6190:
6175:
6150:
6127:
6096:
6070:
6044:
6013:
5987:
5976:on 17 May 2008
5957:
5930:
5911:
5894:L'Unione Sarda
5892:(in Italian).
5881:
5862:(in Italian).
5851:
5819:
5790:
5764:
5739:
5713:
5687:
5654:
5628:
5597:
5571:
5553:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5511:
5498:
5483:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5439:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:United Kingdom
5386:
5379:Order of Zayed
5377:Collar of the
5370:
5354:
5338:
5322:
5313:Collar of the
5306:
5297:Knight of the
5290:
5281:Collar of the
5274:
5265:Collar of the
5258:
5242:
5233:Collar of the
5226:
5219:Order of Merit
5210:
5201:Collar of the
5194:
5178:
5162:
5146:
5130:
5114:
5105:Collar of the
5098:
5082:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5051:
5043:
5042:
5034:
5026:
5019:
5018:French Honours
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4958:
4957:
4946:
4943:
4932:
4931:
4916:
4915:
4912:Hauts-de-Seine
4906:Member of the
4896:
4895:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4857:
4856:
4851:Member of the
4849:
4844:
4841:
4814:
4811:
4737:Main article:
4734:
4731:
4711:Thierry Herzog
4638:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4609:
4606:
4559:
4556:
4419:
4416:
4371:
4368:
4346:Jacques Chirac
4341:
4338:
4305:Fifth Republic
4297:hyperpresident
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4175:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4079:FIFA World Cup
4033:
4030:
4005:
4002:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3961:Main article:
3958:
3955:
3888:
3885:
3803:Dilma Rousseff
3791:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3750:
3747:
3691:Nouveau Centre
3677:
3674:
3647:global warming
3641:
3632:33rd G8 summit
3627:
3624:
3577:Rodrigo Granda
3557:
3554:
3542:Stephen Harper
3488:SĂ©golĂšne Royal
3429:
3426:
3421:Main article:
3418:
3415:
3410:SĂ©golĂšne Royal
3327:Main article:
3321:SĂ©golĂšne Royal
3313:
3310:
3263:
3262:
3261:for some time.
3255:budget deficit
3251:
3244:
3200:
3197:
3157:Main article:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3114:
3110:
3099:
3096:France Télécom
3071:
3068:
3048:
3045:
3003:became clear.
2944:Jacques Chirac
2914:Charles Pasqua
2893:
2890:
2870:Jacques Chirac
2838:
2835:
2830:life insurance
2817:
2814:
2782:
2779:
2750:Richard Attias
2729:Jacques Martin
2712:
2709:
2681:Charles Pasqua
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2578:
2575:
2541:
2538:
2475:Main article:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2417:pension reform
2373:SĂ©golĂšne Royal
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2133:Archeofuturism
2128:
2126:Related topics
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2099:Nouvelle Ăcole
2095:
2088:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1928:
1919:
1917:March for Life
1914:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Party of Order
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
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1785:
1780:
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1429:
1419:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
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1386:
1384:de Tocqueville
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
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1341:
1336:
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1326:
1321:
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1064:
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1054:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1033:
1028:
1026:French culture
1023:
1018:
1016:Ethnopluralism
1013:
1012:
1011:
1002:
992:
983:
978:
973:
971:Anti-communism
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
956:
955:
950:
949:
948:
943:
934:
929:
919:
910:
909:
908:
906:Ultramontanism
903:
898:
888:
883:
882:
881:
872:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
845:
844:
836:
835:
823:
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783:
782:
776:
772:
771:
755:
749:
748:
747:
746:
721:
717:
712:
711:
710:
709:
688:
684:
681:
680:
679:
678:
675:
673:
669:
668:
652:
646:
645:
644:(2015âpresent)
639:
635:
634:
614:
612:
608:
607:
603:
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588:
587:
583:
582:
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547:
541:
540:
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519:
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507:
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501:
495:
494:
491:
489:Prime Minister
485:
484:
474:
473:
467:
466:
461:
455:
454:
449:
443:
442:
439:
437:Prime Minister
433:
432:
422:
421:
415:
414:
409:
403:
402:
400:Alain Carignon
397:
391:
390:
385:
383:Prime Minister
379:
378:
368:
367:
363:
362:
357:
351:
350:
345:
339:
338:
335:
333:Prime Minister
329:
328:
318:
317:
311:
310:
305:
299:
298:
296:Charles Pasqua
293:
287:
286:
276:
275:
273:Hauts-de-Seine
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
237:
235:Prime Minister
231:
230:
220:
219:
214:
208:
207:
204:
198:
197:
192:
190:Prime Minister
186:
185:
175:
174:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
138:Jacques Chirac
135:
129:
128:
123:
121:Prime Minister
117:
116:
106:
105:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
82:
81:
78:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17466:
17455:
17452:
17450:
17447:
17445:
17442:
17440:
17437:
17435:
17432:
17430:
17427:
17425:
17422:
17420:
17417:
17415:
17412:
17410:
17407:
17405:
17402:
17400:
17397:
17395:
17392:
17390:
17387:
17385:
17382:
17380:
17377:
17375:
17372:
17370:
17367:
17365:
17362:
17360:
17359:Living people
17357:
17355:
17352:
17350:
17347:
17345:
17342:
17340:
17337:
17335:
17332:
17330:
17327:
17325:
17322:
17320:
17317:
17315:
17312:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17300:
17297:
17295:
17292:
17290:
17287:
17285:
17282:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17270:
17267:
17265:
17262:
17261:
17259:
17237:
17230:
17227:
17224:
17221:
17218:
17215:
17212:
17209:
17206:
17205:Javier Solana
17203:
17200:
17197:
17194:
17191:
17188:
17184:
17181:
17177:
17174:
17170:
17167:
17163:
17160:
17156:
17153:
17149:
17146:
17145:Juan Carlos I
17142:
17141:
17139:
17135:
17128:
17117:
17113:
17112:
17110:
17106:
17102:
17094:
17089:
17087:
17082:
17080:
17075:
17074:
17071:
17059:
17056:
17054:
17051:
17049:
17046:
17044:
17041:
17039:
17036:
17035:
17033:
17029:
17022:
17018:
17015:
17011:
17008:
17004:
17003:
17001:
16997:
16990:
16987:
16984:
16981:
16978:
16975:
16974:
16972:
16968:
16961:
16957:
16953:
16950:
16947:
16943:
16940:
16939:
16937:
16933:
16926:
16923:
16920:
16917:
16914:
16911:
16908:
16905:
16902:
16899:
16896:
16893:
16890:
16887:
16884:
16881:
16880:
16878:
16872:
16865:
16862:
16859:
16856:
16853:
16850:
16849:
16847:
16841:
16834:
16831:
16828:
16825:
16822:
16819:
16816:
16813:
16812:
16810:
16804:
16797:
16794:
16791:
16788:
16785:
16782:
16779:
16776:
16773:
16770:
16769:
16767:
16765:
16759:
16755:
16746:
16741:
16739:
16734:
16732:
16727:
16726:
16723:
16711:
16708:
16706:
16703:
16702:
16700:
16696:
16690:
16687:
16685:
16682:
16680:
16677:
16675:
16672:
16670:
16667:
16666:
16664:
16660:
16653:
16649:
16646:
16643:
16639:
16636:
16635:
16633:
16629:
16622:
16619:
16616:
16613:
16610:
16607:
16604:
16601:
16598:
16595:
16594:
16592:
16588:
16581:
16578:
16575:
16571:
16568:
16565:
16562:
16559:
16555:
16554:Jean Leonetti
16552:
16549:
16545:
16542:
16539:
16536:
16535:
16533:
16529:
16522:
16519:
16516:
16513:
16510:
16507:
16504:
16501:
16498:
16495:
16492:
16489:
16488:
16486:
16484:
16478:
16474:
16465:
16460:
16458:
16453:
16451:
16446:
16445:
16442:
16430:
16427:
16425:
16422:
16420:
16417:
16416:
16414:
16408:
16402:
16399:
16397:
16394:
16392:
16389:
16387:
16384:
16382:
16379:
16377:
16374:
16372:
16369:
16367:
16364:
16362:
16359:
16357:
16354:
16352:
16349:
16347:
16344:
16342:
16339:
16337:
16334:
16332:
16329:
16327:
16324:
16322:
16319:
16317:
16314:
16312:
16309:
16307:
16304:
16302:
16299:
16297:
16294:
16292:
16289:
16287:
16284:
16282:
16279:
16277:
16274:
16272:
16269:
16267:
16264:
16262:
16259:
16257:
16254:
16252:
16249:
16247:
16244:
16242:
16239:
16237:
16234:
16232:
16229:
16227:
16224:
16222:
16219:
16217:
16214:
16212:
16209:
16207:
16204:
16202:
16199:
16197:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16187:
16184:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16172:
16169:
16167:
16164:
16162:
16159:
16157:
16154:
16152:
16149:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16137:
16134:
16132:
16129:
16127:
16124:
16122:
16119:
16117:
16114:
16112:
16109:
16107:
16104:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16094:
16092:
16089:
16087:
16084:
16082:
16079:
16077:
16074:
16073:
16071:
16067:
16063:
16059:
16056:
16049:
16044:
16042:
16037:
16035:
16030:
16029:
16026:
16012:
16002:
15999:
15997:
15994:
15992:
15989:
15987:
15984:
15982:
15979:
15977:
15974:
15972:
15969:
15967:
15964:
15962:
15959:
15957:
15956:Xavier Darcos
15954:
15952:
15949:
15947:
15944:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15934:
15932:
15929:
15927:
15924:
15922:
15919:
15917:
15914:
15913:
15910:
15905:
15897:
15892:
15890:
15885:
15883:
15878:
15877:
15874:
15860:
15850:
15847:
15845:
15842:
15840:
15837:
15835:
15834:Xavier Darcos
15832:
15830:
15827:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15771:
15768:
15763:
15755:
15750:
15748:
15743:
15741:
15736:
15735:
15732:
15719:
15715:
15712:
15709:
15705:
15702:
15699:
15695:
15692:
15689:
15685:
15682:
15679:
15678:
15673:
15669:
15666:
15663:
15659:
15656:
15653:
15649:
15646:
15643:
15642:
15637:
15633:
15632:Marine Le Pen
15630:
15629:
15627:
15623:
15616:
15612:
15609:
15608:
15606:
15604:
15599:
15592:
15591:
15586:
15582:
15579:
15578:
15576:
15572:
15568:
15560:
15555:
15553:
15548:
15546:
15541:
15540:
15537:
15523:
15518:
15515:
15511:
15506:
15503:
15499:
15494:
15491:
15487:
15482:
15479:
15475:
15470:
15467:
15463:
15458:
15455:
15451:
15446:
15443:
15439:
15434:
15431:
15427:
15422:
15419:
15415:
15410:
15407:
15406:
15404:
15400:
15392:
15387:
15384:
15383:
15381:
15379:
15374:
15366:
15361:
15358:
15357:
15355:
15351:
15347:
15339:
15334:
15332:
15327:
15325:
15320:
15319:
15316:
15306:
15302:
15298:
15292:
15285:
15282:
15279:
15276:
15273:
15270:
15267:
15264:
15261:
15258:
15255:
15252:
15249:
15246:
15243:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15233:
15227:
15224:
15222:
15219:
15218:
15216:
15214:
15210:
15204:
15201:
15200:
15198:
15194:
15189:
15181:
15176:
15174:
15169:
15167:
15162:
15161:
15158:
15145:
15142:
15139:
15136:
15133:
15130:
15127:
15124:
15121:
15118:
15115:
15112:
15109:
15106:
15103:
15100:
15097:
15094:
15091:
15088:
15085:
15082:
15079:
15076:
15073:
15070:
15067:
15064:
15061:
15058:
15055:
15052:
15049:
15046:
15043:
15040:
15037:
15034:
15031:
15028:
15025:
15022:
15019:
15016:
15013:
15010:
15007:
15004:
15001:
14998:
14995:
14992:
14989:
14986:
14983:
14980:
14977:
14974:
14971:
14968:
14965:
14962:
14961:
14959:
14955:
14951:
14944:
14941:
14938:
14935:
14932:
14929:
14926:
14923:
14920:
14917:
14914:
14911:
14908:
14905:
14902:
14899:
14896:
14893:
14890:
14887:
14884:
14881:
14878:
14875:
14872:
14869:
14866:
14863:
14860:
14857:
14854:
14851:
14848:
14845:
14842:
14839:
14836:
14833:
14830:
14827:
14824:
14821:
14820:
14818:
14814:
14810:
14803:
14800:
14797:
14794:
14791:
14788:
14785:
14782:
14781:
14779:
14775:
14771:
14764:
14761:
14758:
14755:
14752:
14749:
14746:
14743:
14742:
14740:
14736:
14732:
14725:
14722:
14719:
14716:
14715:
14713:
14709:
14705:
14698:
14695:
14692:
14689:
14686:
14683:
14680:
14677:
14674:
14671:
14668:
14665:
14662:
14659:
14656:
14653:
14650:
14647:
14644:
14641:
14638:
14635:
14632:
14629:
14626:
14623:
14620:
14617:
14614:
14611:
14608:
14605:
14602:
14599:
14596:
14593:
14590:
14587:
14584:
14581:
14578:
14575:
14572:
14569:
14566:
14563:
14560:
14557:
14554:
14551:
14548:
14545:
14542:
14539:
14536:
14533:
14530:
14527:
14524:
14521:
14518:
14515:
14512:
14509:
14506:
14503:
14500:
14497:
14494:
14491:
14488:
14485:
14482:
14479:
14476:
14473:
14470:
14467:
14464:
14461:
14458:
14455:
14452:
14449:
14446:
14443:
14440:
14437:
14434:
14431:
14428:
14425:
14422:
14419:
14416:
14413:
14410:
14407:
14404:
14401:
14398:
14395:
14392:
14389:
14386:
14383:
14380:
14377:
14374:
14371:
14368:
14365:
14362:
14359:
14356:
14353:
14350:
14347:
14344:
14341:
14338:
14335:
14332:
14329:
14326:
14323:
14320:
14317:
14314:
14311:
14308:
14305:
14302:
14299:
14296:
14293:
14290:
14287:
14284:
14281:
14278:
14275:
14272:
14269:
14266:
14263:
14260:
14257:
14254:
14253:Mathieu-Bodet
14251:
14248:
14245:
14242:
14239:
14236:
14233:
14230:
14227:
14224:
14221:
14218:
14215:
14214:
14212:
14208:
14204:
14197:
14194:
14191:
14188:
14185:
14182:
14179:
14176:
14173:
14170:
14167:
14164:
14161:
14158:
14155:
14152:
14149:
14146:
14145:
14143:
14139:
14135:
14128:
14125:
14122:
14121:de Casabianca
14119:
14116:
14113:
14110:
14107:
14104:
14101:
14098:
14095:
14092:
14089:
14086:
14083:
14080:
14077:
14074:
14071:
14068:
14067:Garnier-PagĂšs
14065:
14062:
14059:
14058:
14056:
14052:
14048:
14041:
14038:
14035:
14032:
14029:
14026:
14023:
14020:
14017:
14014:
14011:
14008:
14005:
14002:
13999:
13996:
13993:
13990:
13987:
13984:
13981:
13978:
13975:
13972:
13969:
13966:
13963:
13960:
13957:
13954:
13953:
13951:
13947:
13943:
13936:
13933:
13930:
13927:
13924:
13921:
13918:
13915:
13912:
13909:
13906:
13903:
13900:
13897:
13894:
13891:
13888:
13885:
13882:
13879:
13878:
13876:
13872:
13868:
13861:
13858:
13857:
13855:
13851:
13847:
13840:
13837:
13836:
13834:
13830:
13826:
13819:
13816:
13815:
13813:
13809:
13805:
13798:
13795:
13792:
13789:
13786:
13785:Ramel-Nogaret
13783:
13780:
13777:
13774:
13771:
13768:
13767:Destournelles
13765:
13762:
13759:
13758:
13756:
13752:
13748:
13741:
13738:
13735:
13732:
13729:
13726:
13723:
13720:
13717:
13714:
13711:
13708:
13705:
13702:
13699:
13696:
13693:
13690:
13687:
13684:
13681:
13678:
13675:
13672:
13669:
13666:
13663:
13660:
13657:
13654:
13651:
13648:
13645:
13642:
13639:
13636:
13633:
13630:
13627:
13624:
13621:
13618:
13615:
13612:
13609:
13606:
13603:
13600:
13597:
13596:de Silhouette
13594:
13591:
13590:de Boullonges
13588:
13585:
13582:
13579:
13576:
13573:
13570:
13567:
13564:
13561:
13558:
13555:
13552:
13549:
13546:
13543:
13540:
13537:
13534:
13531:
13528:
13525:
13522:
13519:
13516:
13513:
13510:
13507:
13504:
13501:
13498:
13495:
13492:
13489:
13486:
13483:
13480:
13477:
13473:
13470:
13467:
13464:
13461:
13458:
13455:
13451:
13448:
13445:
13442:
13439:
13436:
13433:
13429:
13426:
13423:
13420:
13417:
13413:
13410:
13407:
13404:
13401:
13397:
13394:
13391:
13388:
13385:
13382:
13379:
13376:
13373:
13370:
13367:
13364:
13363:
13361:
13357:
13353:
13346:
13343:
13340:
13337:
13334:
13331:
13328:
13324:
13321:
13318:
13315:
13312:
13309:
13306:
13303:
13300:
13297:
13294:
13291:
13288:
13285:
13282:
13279:
13278:
13276:
13272:
13268:
13261:
13258:
13255:
13252:
13251:
13248:
13244:
13240:
13233:
13228:
13226:
13221:
13219:
13214:
13213:
13210:
13197:
13190:
13186:
13183:
13180:
13176:
13173:
13170:
13166:
13163:
13160:
13156:
13153:
13148:
13143:
13139:
13136:
13131:
13126:
13122:
13119:
13116:
13115:
13111:
13106:
13101:
13097:
13094:
13091:
13090:
13086:
13083:
13079:
13076:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13066:
13057:
13052:
13048:
13045:
13040:
13035:
13031:
13028:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13018:
13009:
13004:
13000:
12999:Albert Lebrun
12997:
12992:
12987:
12983:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12966:
12963:
12958:
12953:
12949:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12932:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12915:
12912:
12907:
12902:
12898:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12881:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12864:
12861:
12856:
12851:
12847:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12830:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12813:
12810:
12805:
12800:
12796:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12779:
12776:
12775:
12773:
12770:
12766:
12757:
12752:
12748:
12745:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12735:
12731:
12724:
12719:
12717:
12712:
12710:
12705:
12704:
12701:
12695:
12688:
12679:
12678:
12672:
12665:
12664:
12658:
12651:
12650:
12649:
12641:
12635:
12630:
12626:
12617:
12616:
12613:Chair of the
12608:
12607:Lee Myung-bak
12602:
12598:
12589:
12588:
12585:Chair of the
12580:
12574:
12569:
12565:
12556:
12555:
12551:
12546:
12539:
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12450:President of
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12428:President of
12423:
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12380:President of
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12244:Hervé Gaymard
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11973:(Guardian UK)
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11936:
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11774:2-84623-074-9
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11755:2-7540-0003-8
11751:
11747:
11742:
11738:
11736:2-207-25751-7
11732:
11728:
11723:
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11717:2-84186-270-4
11713:
11709:
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11700:
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11678:2-204-07283-4
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11670:
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11658:2-226-15576-7
11654:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11638:2-7491-0277-4
11634:
11630:
11627:Cabu (2004).
11625:
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11619:2-84109-449-9
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11600:2-84724-064-0
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11429:2-7144-3235-2
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10378:. 17 May 2023
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10242:(in French).
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10212:(in French).
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9630:The Telegraph
9627:
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9599:The Telegraph
9596:
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9547:(in French).
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9453:(in French).
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9398:
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9394:fpinfomart.ca
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9388:. p. A2.
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8889:(in French).
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8854:
8848:
8841:
8836:
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8824:
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8036:leparisien.fr
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7391:
7387:
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7379:
7373:, 7 May 2007.
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7260:
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7255:The Economist
7252:
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7230:
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7225:The Economist
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7108:, 7 July 2007
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7082:
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7054:
7053:
7048:
7044:
7041:
7038:Molly Moore,
7035:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7013:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6992:
6987:
6979:
6975:
6971:
6968:Wells, Paul.
6964:
6948:
6944:
6938:
6936:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6918:
6915:
6912:Molly Moore,
6909:
6907:
6899:
6898:
6897:The Economist
6893:
6889:
6886:
6881:
6875:, 17 May 2007
6874:
6873:
6872:ĂlysĂ©e Palace
6869:
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6757:
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6666:
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6567:
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6544:
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6530:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6494:
6478:
6474:
6467:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6449:
6443:, 28 May 2003
6442:
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5975:
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5934:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5915:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5869:
5865:
5864:la Repubblica
5861:
5855:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5794:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5761:
5760:Catherine Nay
5757:
5752:
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5691:
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5661:
5659:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5601:
5586:. 17 May 2023
5585:
5581:
5575:
5567:
5560:
5558:
5541:
5535:
5531:
5515:
5508:
5507:paquet fiscal
5502:
5493:
5487:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5466:
5462:
5451:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5410:
5409:
5406:Other Honours
5400:
5396:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:Medal of the
5183:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5137:Medal of the
5135:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5041:Knight (2004)
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4984:President of
4983:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4929:
4928:Ăle-de-France
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4855:: since 2012.
4854:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4810:
4808:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4792:Shukri Ghanem
4789:
4785:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4754:
4745:
4740:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4680:
4678:
4677:Panama Papers
4673:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4564:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4541:Martine Aubry
4538:
4534:
4533:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4499:Michel Onfray
4495:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4466:publication,
4465:
4461:
4459:
4453:
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4425:
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4413:
4409:
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4393:
4389:
4385:
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4367:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4340:Controversies
4337:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4301:2007 election
4298:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4261:work. Former
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
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4206:
4205:David Beckham
4202:
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4118:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4095:was convicted
4092:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4065:Sarkozy with
4063:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
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4016:
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3874:
3870:
3869:Hosni Mubarak
3866:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3851:
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3839:
3838:David Cameron
3834:
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3610:(PS) and the
3609:
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3497:
3493:
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3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3457:Angela Merkel
3454:
3450:
3449:ĂlysĂ©e Palace
3445:
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3309:
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3299:
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3287:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:ultra-libéral
3272:
3271:laissez-faire
3268:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
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3210:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3163:However, the
3160:
3155:
3148:
3143:
3131:
3130:Alain Madelin
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3104:
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3097:
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2813:
2810:
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2807:ĂlysĂ©e Palace
2804:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2725:Isaac Albéniz
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
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2600:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2584:Lycée Chaptal
2574:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:Ăle-de-France
2555:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2466:Personal life
2463:
2460:
2459:was convicted
2456:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2425:ĂlysĂ©e Palace
2422:
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2250:
2239:
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2211:
2201:
2199:
2189:
2188:
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2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
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2147:
2145:
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2137:
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2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
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2083:
2079:
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2070:
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2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2040:L'Ăcho du Sud
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:Organisations
1874:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:Soyons libres
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:French Future
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
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1713:
1710:
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1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
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1633:
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1621:
1618:
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1613:
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1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:de La Mennais
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:Intellectuals
1180:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:Ancien RĂ©gime
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:Souverainisme
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Family values
1019:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
993:
990:
989:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
962:
961:
954:
951:
947:
944:
941:
940:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
923:
920:
917:
916:
911:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
889:
887:
884:
879:
878:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
862:
856:
855:
851:
847:
846:
843:
838:
837:
833:
829:
828:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
795:
791:
788:
784:
781:
778:4, including
777:
773:
752:
745:
744:
715:
708:
707:
677:
676:
674:
670:
666:
661:
656:
653:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
627:(age 69)
613:
609:
604:
600:
597:
595:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
560:
554:
551:
548:
542:
536:
531:
528:
524:
520:
517:
514:
508:
505:
502:
496:
492:
486:
480:
475:
472:
468:
465:
462:
456:
453:
450:
444:
440:
434:
428:
423:
420:
416:
413:
410:
404:
401:
398:
392:
389:
386:
380:
374:
369:
364:
361:
360:Hervé Gaymard
358:
352:
349:
346:
340:
336:
330:
324:
319:
316:
312:
309:
306:
300:
297:
294:
288:
282:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
256:
253:
250:
244:
241:
238:
232:
226:
221:
218:
215:
209:
205:
199:
196:
193:
187:
181:
176:
173:
169:
165:
158:
154:
151:
148:
142:
139:
136:
130:
127:
124:
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104:
99:
95:
88:
83:
76:
73:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
17216:
17108:Grand Master
16951:
16832:
16820:
16763:Predecessors
16573:
16557:
16550:, 2017â2019)
16547:
16537:
16482:Predecessors
16412:(since 2009)
16385:
15804:Rachida Dati
15675:
15639:
15617:; incumbent)
15610:
15588:
15359:
15220:
15212:
15095:
15072:Strauss-Kahn
14708:Vichy France
14511:de Lasteyrie
14289:Allain-Targé
14022:de la LozĂšre
13772:
13668:de Fourqueux
13578:de SĂ©chelles
13572:d'Arnouville
13494:Le Pelletier
13396:de Champigny
13384:de Schomberg
13339:de BelliĂšvre
13189:2017âpresent
13164:
13112:
13087:
12880:Ămile Loubet
12676:
12675:
12660:
12655:
12645:
12644:
12612:
12597:Barack Obama
12584:
12543:
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12089:Louis Mermaz
12066:
11984:(in Spanish)
11969:
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11932:
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11873:
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11336:the original
11331:
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11296:
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11270:
11258:. Retrieved
11249:
11240:
11231:
11222:
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11176:
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11155:
11146:
11134:. Retrieved
11125:
11116:
11104:. Retrieved
11095:
11086:
11074:. Retrieved
11065:
11056:
11047:
11038:
11029:
11020:
11008:. Retrieved
10994:
10985:
10976:
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10940:
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10904:
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10862:
10853:
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10833:Novinite.com
10832:
10823:
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10797:
10788:
10779:
10770:
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10747:
10739:The Observer
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10689:
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10653:
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10618:
10594:. Retrieved
10583:
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10551:
10527:. Retrieved
10518:
10493:. Retrieved
10482:
10472:
10460:. Retrieved
10449:
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10415:
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10392:
10380:. Retrieved
10373:
10364:
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10327:. Retrieved
10298:. Retrieved
10271:. Retrieved
10260:
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10239:
10230:
10218:. Retrieved
10209:
10200:
10188:. Retrieved
10179:
10169:
10157:. Retrieved
10148:
10139:
10127:. Retrieved
10118:
10109:
10097:. Retrieved
10093:the original
10088:
10079:
10067:. Retrieved
10051:The Guardian
10050:
10041:
10029:. Retrieved
10020:
10011:
9999:. Retrieved
9990:
9981:
9962:
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9941:
9931:
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9908:
9899:
9887:. Retrieved
9876:
9867:
9855:. Retrieved
9846:
9837:
9817:
9810:The Guardian
9809:
9793:
9773:
9766:The Guardian
9765:
9750:
9730:
9718:. Retrieved
9709:
9700:
9681:
9669:. Retrieved
9661:The Guardian
9660:
9650:
9638:. Retrieved
9629:
9619:
9607:. Retrieved
9598:
9588:
9581:The Guardian
9580:
9565:
9553:. Retrieved
9520:. Retrieved
9511:
9501:
9489:. Retrieved
9475:
9463:. Retrieved
9444:
9432:. Retrieved
9423:
9410:
9381:
9371:
9361:
9347:
9335:. Retrieved
9326:
9313:
9298:the original
9293:
9284:
9272:. Retrieved
9266:
9260:
9248:. Retrieved
9239:
9230:
9218:. Retrieved
9209:
9200:
9188:. Retrieved
9179:
9156:
9140:
9123:The Guardian
9122:
9094:
9090:
9083:The Guardian
9082:
9067:
9062:(in French).
9057:
9042:
9032:
9024:
9016:
9001:
8989:. Retrieved
8982:the original
8977:
8968:
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8946:
8938:
8933:
8921:. Retrieved
8912:
8903:
8895:the original
8886:
8877:
8865:. Retrieved
8856:
8847:
8839:
8835:
8827:the original
8817:
8794:
8788:
8767:
8763:
8755:the original
8745:
8733:. Retrieved
8717:The Guardian
8716:
8706:
8694:. Retrieved
8685:
8676:
8664:. Retrieved
8653:
8644:
8632:. Retrieved
8615:
8605:
8599:(in English)
8590:. Retrieved
8576:
8564:
8548:
8544:
8532:. Retrieved
8521:
8512:
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8491:
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8470:. Retrieved
8461:
8452:
8440:. Retrieved
8436:the original
8429:
8419:
8406:
8377:
8362:
8349:
8334:
8321:
8306:
8293:
8278:
8265:
8249:
8241:
8237:Daily Mirror
8235:
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8136:
8126:
8111:
8089:
8079:
8064:
8052:|last5=
8038:(in French).
8035:
8025:
8013:. Retrieved
8009:
8000:
7988:. Retrieved
7984:
7974:
7962:. Retrieved
7957:
7933:. Retrieved
7919:
7910:
7898:. Retrieved
7889:
7880:
7868:. Retrieved
7859:The Guardian
7857:
7847:
7837:19 September
7835:. Retrieved
7826:The Guardian
7824:
7814:
7804:
7776:
7761:
7749:. Retrieved
7731:
7719:. Retrieved
7705:
7696:
7688:
7676:. Retrieved
7667:
7658:
7646:. Retrieved
7637:
7627:
7609:
7597:. Retrieved
7593:the original
7583:
7571:. Retrieved
7562:
7552:
7540:. Retrieved
7531:
7522:
7510:. Retrieved
7501:
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7468:. Retrieved
7464:the original
7453:
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7437:the original
7432:
7423:
7411:. Retrieved
7407:the original
7397:
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7370:
7354:
7342:. Retrieved
7333:
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7303:
7290:
7275:
7263:. Retrieved
7254:
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7233:. Retrieved
7224:
7215:
7202:
7187:
7174:
7159:
7146:
7131:
7120:
7113:
7091:
7078:
7063:
7057:(in English)
7050:
7034:
7026:the original
7021:
7012:
7006:(in Spanish)
7001:
6986:
6973:
6963:
6951:. Retrieved
6947:the original
6924:
6895:
6880:
6870:
6856:
6844:. Retrieved
6840:the original
6835:
6825:
6805:
6786:
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6765:
6756:
6744:. Retrieved
6735:
6725:
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6705:
6689:
6677:. Retrieved
6673:the original
6668:
6659:
6640:
6628:. Retrieved
6617:
6610:
6597:
6582:
6574:the original
6569:
6559:
6547:. Retrieved
6543:the original
6538:
6529:
6517:. Retrieved
6502:
6493:
6481:. Retrieved
6466:
6448:
6438:
6434:
6422:. Retrieved
6408:
6389:
6377:. Retrieved
6373:the original
6368:
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6348:
6344:
6307:
6295:. Retrieved
6291:the original
6280:
6268:. Retrieved
6259:
6249:
6237:. Retrieved
6233:
6224:
6212:. Retrieved
6203:
6193:
6184:
6178:
6170:The Guardian
6168:
6153:
6145:the original
6140:
6130:
6118:. Retrieved
6114:the original
6109:
6099:
6087:. Retrieved
6083:the original
6073:
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6047:
6035:. Retrieved
6026:
6016:
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6000:the original
5990:
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5974:the original
5969:
5960:
5948:. Retrieved
5944:the original
5933:
5914:
5902:. Retrieved
5898:the original
5884:
5872:. Retrieved
5854:
5842:. Retrieved
5831:
5822:
5809:
5793:
5781:. Retrieved
5777:the original
5767:
5755:
5730:. Retrieved
5716:
5704:. Retrieved
5700:the original
5690:
5678:. Retrieved
5669:
5645:. Retrieved
5631:
5621:28 September
5619:. Retrieved
5610:
5600:
5588:. Retrieved
5583:
5574:
5544:. Retrieved
5534:
5514:
5506:
5501:
5486:
5474:
5465:
5435:
5287:Saudi Arabia
5046:
4988:: 2015-2016.
4978:
4977:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4899:
4898:
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4887:
4886:
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4881:
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4659:
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4530:
4527:
4516:
4496:
4484:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4427:
4424:La Courneuve
4421:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4357:
4343:
4329:The Conquest
4327:
4325:
4309:Constitution
4296:
4292:
4290:
4282:
4270:voodoo dolls
4262:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4219:
4212:
4203:, alongside
4198:
4196:
4185:Public image
4119:
4111:Western Wall
4108:
4100:
4084:
4037:
4035:
4025:departements
4024:
4021:
3995:
3988:
3966:
3947:
3928:
3904:
3898:
3862:
3856:to a former
3843:
3818:
3807:
3784:
3763:new database
3752:
3735:
3723:
3712:
3689:
3679:
3659:
3636:Heiligendamm
3629:
3626:Green policy
3581:
3562:Ălvaro Uribe
3559:
3546:Jean Charest
3539:
3515:Bastille Day
3508:
3492:Rachida Dati
3461:
3446:
3443:
3428:Inauguration
3407:
3395:
3391:
3376:
3366:
3362:civil unions
3347:
3339:
3332:
3306:peer-to-peer
3291:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3264:
3240:
3226:
3224:
3213:
3193:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3053:
3050:
3034:
3032:
3021:
3008:
3005:
2997:
2986:
2959:
2952:
2937:
2922:
2902:Neo-Gaullist
2895:
2851:
2840:
2819:
2811:
2800:
2791:Barack Obama
2776:
2765:
2757:
2743:
2741:
2715:As mayor of
2714:
2678:
2649:
2642:
2611:
2609:
2604:baccalauréat
2602:
2598:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2560:
2543:
2530:Greek Jewish
2508:
2480:
2448:
2429:
2366:
2326:Greek Jewish
2319:
2248:
2247:
2131:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
1981:Croix-de-Feu
1945:
1944:
1880:
1808:
1807:
1752:
1716:
1712:de La Rocque
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1171:Vichy France
1073:Social order
1052:Metapolitics
1043:Restauration
939:Maurrassisme
651:affiliations
591:
557:Succeeded by
534:
511:Succeeded by
504:Louis Mermaz
478:
459:Succeeded by
426:
407:Succeeded by
372:
355:Succeeded by
322:
303:Succeeded by
280:
259:Succeeded by
224:
212:Succeeded by
179:
145:Succeeded by
110:
72:
46:
37:This is the
31:
17269:1955 births
16991:(2007â2012)
16985:(2005â2007)
16979:(2002â2005)
16927:(2014â2015)
16915:(2012â2014)
16909:(2010â2012)
16903:(2008â2010)
16897:(2007â2008)
16891:(2004â2007)
16885:(2002â2004)
16866:(2014â2015)
16860:(2012â2014)
16854:(2002â2007)
16835:(2014â2015)
16829:(2012â2014)
16823:(2004â2007)
16817:(2002â2004)
16815:Alain Juppé
16798:(1976â2002)
16792:(1967â1976)
16786:(1958â1967)
16780:(1954â1958)
16774:(1947â1955)
16617:(2017â2019)
16611:(2016â2017)
16605:(2015â2016)
16603:Ăric Woerth
16580:Ăric Ciotti
16566:(2019â2022)
16540:(2015â2016)
16523:(2002â2015)
16517:(1976â2002)
16511:(1967â1976)
16505:(1958â1967)
16499:(1954â1958)
16493:(1947â1955)
16316:Verhofstadt
16069:(1975â2009)
15971:Ăric Besson
15946:Hervé Morin
15926:Alain Juppé
15789:Hervé Morin
15779:Alain Juppé
15272:Alain Juppé
15140:(2014â2017)
15134:(2012â2014)
15128:(2011â2012)
15092:(2002â2004)
15086:(2000â2002)
15080:(1999â2000)
15074:(1997â1999)
15050:(1992â1993)
15044:(1988â1992)
15038:(1986â1988)
15032:(1984â1986)
15026:(1981â1984)
15020:(1978â1981)
15014:(1976â1978)
15008:(1974â1976)
15002:(1969â1974)
14978:(1962â1966)
14972:(1960â1962)
14970:Baumgartner
14897:(1953â1955)
14867:(1949â1951)
14816:(1946â1958)
14777:(1944â1946)
14747:(1941â1942)
14738:(1941â1944)
14735:Free France
14726:(1942â1944)
14720:(1940â1942)
14718:Bouthillier
14711:(1940â1944)
14685:Marchandeau
14673:Marchandeau
14663:(1936â1937)
14637:Marchandeau
14513:(1922â1924)
14507:(1921â1922)
14501:(1920â1921)
14495:(1917â1920)
14429:(1909â1910)
14405:(1902â1905)
14399:(1899â1902)
14393:(1898â1899)
14387:(1896â1898)
14345:(1889â1892)
14291:(1881â1882)
14285:(1879â1881)
14279:(1877â1879)
14255:(1874â1875)
14249:(1873â1874)
14231:(1871â1872)
14210:(1870â1940)
14168:(1861â1867)
14162:(1860â1861)
14160:La Roquette
14156:(1855â1860)
14141:(1852â1870)
14054:(1848â1852)
14036:(1842â1847)
14000:(1836â1837)
13970:(1831â1832)
13964:(1830â1831)
13949:(1830â1848)
13919:(1828â1829)
13913:(1821â1828)
13907:(1819â1821)
13874:(1815â1830)
13841:(1814â1815)
13832:(1814â1815)
13820:(1804â1814)
13811:(1804â1814)
13799:(1799â1804)
13781:(1795â1796)
13775:(1794â1795)
13769:(1793â1794)
13754:(1792â1804)
13728:de Beaulieu
13706:(1790â1791)
13694:(1789â1790)
13686:de Breteuil
13682:(1788â1789)
13676:(1787â1788)
13664:(1783â1787)
13652:(1781â1783)
13646:(1777â1781)
13640:(1776â1777)
13628:(1774â1776)
13622:(1769â1774)
13616:(1768â1769)
13610:(1763â1768)
13604:(1759â1763)
13592:(1757â1759)
13586:(1756â1757)
13580:(1754â1756)
13574:(1745â1754)
13568:(1730â1745)
13562:(1726â1730)
13556:(1722â1726)
13520:(1715â1718)
13518:de Noailles
13514:(1708â1715)
13508:(1699â1708)
13502:(1689â1699)
13496:(1683â1689)
13490:(1661â1683)
13484:(1659â1661)
13478:(1653â1659)
13468:(1651â1653)
13462:(1650â1651)
13460:de Longueil
13456:(1649â1650)
13446:(1648â1649)
13444:de La Porte
13440:(1647â1648)
13434:(1643â1647)
13428:de Bailleul
13424:(1640â1643)
13422:Bouthillier
13418:(1632â1640)
13416:Bouthillier
13408:(1626â1632)
13402:(1624â1626)
13400:de Marillac
13392:(1623â1624)
13386:(1619â1622)
13380:(1614â1619)
13374:(1598â1611)
13368:(1589â1594)
13359:(1589â1792)
13347:(1588â1589)
13341:(1574â1588)
13335:(1568â1570)
13329:(1561â1567)
13319:(1559â1560)
13317:de Lorraine
13313:(1556â1559)
13307:(1552â1556)
13301:(1546â1552)
13299:d'Annebault
13295:(1544â1546)
13289:(1524â1544)
13283:(1518â1524)
13274:(1518â1589)
13262:(1661â1791)
13256:(1561â1661)
13145: [
13128: [
13114:Alain Poher
13103: [
13089:Alain Poher
13054: [
13037: [
13023:(1947â1958)
13006: [
12989: [
12982:Paul Doumer
12972: [
12955: [
12938: [
12921: [
12904: [
12887: [
12870: [
12863:FĂ©lix Faure
12853: [
12836: [
12829:Sadi Carnot
12819: [
12812:Jules Grévy
12802: [
12785: [
12771:(1870â1940)
12754: [
12740:(1848â1852)
12615:Group of 20
12408:Alain Juppé
12308:Janez JanĆĄa
12227:Francis Mer
12031:Appearances
12014:(in French)
11999:(in French)
11818:(in French)
11810:(in French)
11802:(in French)
11794:(in French)
11571:|work=
11486:Sciences Po
11250:News.com.au
11198:23 February
11166:30 December
11136:30 December
11106:30 December
11076:25 November
11010:30 December
10914:abidjan.net
10843:30 December
10813:30 December
10771:mediamax.am
10692:(in French)
10427:14 February
10354:11 February
10329:11 February
10300:11 February
10273:11 February
10129:23 November
10069:18 February
10031:18 February
10001:18 February
9952:24 November
9671:15 December
9384:. Toronto.
9294:Le Parisien
9190:17 February
9161:(in French)
8557:(in French)
8413:(in French)
8356:(in French)
8328:(in French)
8300:(in French)
8272:(in French)
8015:20 February
7870:29 November
7751:30 December
7648:17 February
7297:(in French)
7265:14 November
7209:(in French)
7181:(in French)
7153:(in French)
7118:(in French)
7085:(in French)
6604:(in French)
6539:L'Expansion
6504:L'Expansion
6350:Le Parisien
6327:(in French)
5816:(in French)
5495:(in French)
5475:accent aigu
5432:St. Peter's
5424:Proto-canon
5175:Ivory Coast
4655:Eric Woerth
4573:Le Parisien
4523:Thabo Mbeki
4503:paedophilia
4326:The biopic
4285:Carla Bruni
4251:love handle
4244:Paris Match
4231:Paris Match
4200:Vanity Fair
4052:Alain Juppé
3822:progressive
3616:Rogue state
3525:during the
3484:Ăric Besson
3189:Azouz Begag
3171:a "rabble"
3080:libéralisme
3036:France Info
3009:sarkozystes
3001:Alain Juppé
2803:Carla Bruni
2781:Carla Bruni
2645:Sciences Po
2622:private law
2421:Carla Bruni
2397:Arab Spring
2367:He won the
2332:. Mayor of
2171:Sinistrisme
2164:Remigration
1727:de Vaublanc
1697:de Polignac
1605:Cathelineau
1589:Politicians
1289:de Jouvenel
1284:Houellebecq
1279:de Gobineau
1114:Monarchiens
1031:Imperialism
1000:Meritocracy
927:Bonapartism
901:Integralism
803:Sciences Po
751:Carla Bruni
667:(2002â2015)
662:(1976â2002)
657:(1974â1976)
545:Preceded by
499:Preceded by
447:Preceded by
395:Preceded by
348:Francis Mer
343:Preceded by
291:Preceded by
247:Preceded by
202:Preceded by
133:Preceded by
17258:Categories
16999:Congresses
16919:Luc Chatel
16858:Luc Chatel
16807:Presidents
16574:ad interim
16558:ad interim
16548:ad interim
16531:Presidents
16419:Van Rompuy
16346:Balkenende
16336:Berlusconi
16211:Mitterrand
16181:FitzGerald
16176:Mitterrand
16171:Papandreou
15976:Luc Chatel
15966:Ăric WĆrth
15906:government
15814:Ăric WĆrth
15764:government
15213:Ex officio
15054:Alphandéry
14307:Clamageran
14235:de Goulard
14103:de Germiny
13929:de Montbel
13923:de Crouzol
13911:de VillĂšle
13704:de Lessart
13674:de Brienne
13662:de Calonne
13656:d'Ormesson
13608:de Laverdy
13524:de Caumont
13506:Chamillart
13500:Phélypeaux
13412:de Bullion
13372:de BĂ©thune
13333:de Birague
12587:Group of 8
12558:2007â2012
12456:2015â2016
12434:2014â2015
12386:2004â2007
12292:2007â2012
12265:2005â2007
12211:2004â2007
12179:2002â2004
12152:1994â1995
12127:1993â1995
12100:1993â1995
12073:1983â2002
11885:(BBC News)
11877:(BBC News)
11729:. Denoël.
11689:Sarko Star
11342:20 January
10873:20 January
10401:. Politico
9921:5 December
9889:5 December
9720:5 November
9541:Libération
9522:27 October
9491:20 January
9465:27 October
9434:27 October
9250:5 November
9220:5 November
9095:News24.com
9034:L'Humanité
8913:L'Humanité
8867:29 January
8769:L'Humanité
8666:28 October
8634:7 February
8592:28 October
8534:28 October
8442:31 October
8010:Matzav.com
7599:20 January
7573:4 February
7204:L'Humanité
7176:Libération
7022:LeMonde.fr
7002:La Cronica
6260:Libération
6239:23 October
6206:. London.
5527:References
5436:ex officio
5191:Kazakhstan
5048:ex officio
4468:L'Humanité
4404:Tom Cruise
4392:republican
4359:L'Humanité
4255:Sipa Press
4226:censorship
3850:Strasbourg
3848:Summit in
3827:Dalai Lama
3707:G-8 Summit
3511:amnestying
3504:Ăric WĆrth
3438:Laura Bush
3248:unemployed
3181:Argenteuil
3113:September.
2809:in Paris.
2772:Anne Fulda
2752:, head of
2685:pharmacist
2660:family law
2540:Early life
2519:aristocrat
2513:Protestant
2427:in Paris.
2387:, and the
2328:, and 1/4
1815:Feuillants
1788:ReconquĂȘte
1732:de VillĂšle
1707:Retailleau
1573:Submission
1406:Literature
1369:de Rivarol
1354:Peyrefitte
1349:d'Ornellas
1324:de Maistre
1234:BrunetiĂšre
1209:de Benoist
1062:Patriotism
1036:Monarchism
965:Principles
932:Legitimism
859:Ideologies
805:(attended)
732:;
699:;
621:1955-01-28
17164:Princess
17116:Felipe VI
17031:Movements
16662:Elections
16401:Reinfeldt
16391:TopolĂĄnek
16216:Andreotti
16156:JĂžrgensen
16106:JĂžrgensen
16101:Tindemans
16096:Callaghan
15493:José Bové
15235:Appointed
15196:President
15190:of France
15132:Moscovici
15042:Bérégovoy
15030:Bérégovoy
14697:Lamoureux
14571:de Monzie
14529:de Monzie
14523:Clementel
14469:Clémentel
14271:Dutilleul
14079:Goudchaux
14061:Goudchaux
13968:Dominique
13956:Dominique
13935:Dominique
13899:Dominique
13881:Dominique
13839:Dominique
13722:Duranthon
13650:de Fleury
13638:des RĂ©aux
13632:de Clugny
13614:d'Invault
13560:des Forts
13542:des Forts
13512:Desmarets
13454:de Mesmes
13432:de Mesmes
13327:d'Ongnyes
13311:d'Avançon
13293:du Thiers
13281:de Beaune
13179:2012â2017
13169:2007â2012
13159:1995â2007
13142:1981â1995
13125:1974â1981
13117:(interim)
13100:1969â1974
13092:(interim)
13082:1959â1969
13051:1954â1959
13047:René Coty
13034:1947â1954
13003:1932â1940
12986:1931â1932
12969:1924â1931
12952:1920â1924
12918:1913â1920
12901:1906â1913
12884:1899â1906
12867:1895â1899
12850:1894â1895
12833:1887â1894
12816:1879â1887
12799:1873â1879
12782:1871â1873
12751:1848â1851
12554:St. Peter
12488:2007â2012
12067:Mayor of
11573:ignored (
11563:cite book
11555:0292-5354
11332:Denaro.it
10696:27 August
10690:Le Figaro
10666:9 January
10529:18 August
10519:Telegraph
10059:0261-3077
10021:France 24
9274:5 October
8991:3 October
8923:4 January
8725:0261-3077
8624:0362-4331
8323:L'Express
7958:France 24
7900:27 August
7741:France 24
7542:7 January
7512:7 January
7334:The Times
7148:Le Figaro
7080:Le Figaro
6679:4 January
6509:L'Express
6379:8 January
6120:12 August
5490:See also
4821:Le Figaro
4784:Mediapart
4647:Mediapart
4512:Axel Kahn
4491:acquitted
4476:banlieues
4472:racaille,
4400:subsidies
4354:communist
4317:Louis XIV
4259:paparazzi
4247:retouched
4209:Brad Pitt
3759:biometric
3566:guerrilla
3466:replaced
3308:systems.
3084:dirigisme
2929:policemen
2826:net worth
2795:Deauville
2767:Le Figaro
2670:Marriages
2640:cleaner.
2638:Air Force
2607:in 1973.
2577:Education
2516:Hungarian
2487:Hungarian
2086:(Defunct)
2061:Le Figaro
1625:de Gaulle
1600:de Bonald
1503:The Crowd
1344:d'Orcival
1219:de Bonald
1194:Bainville
1144:Muscadins
1119:Feuillant
988:Dirigisme
953:Sarkozysm
946:Orléanism
810:Signature
786:Education
535:In office
479:In office
427:In office
373:In office
323:In office
281:In office
225:In office
180:In office
111:In office
16376:SĂłcrates
16366:Vanhanen
16361:SchĂŒssel
16301:Guterres
16296:Lipponen
16291:Schröder
16251:GonzĂĄlez
16206:GonzĂĄlez
16161:SchlĂŒter
16146:Thatcher
16076:Cosgrave
15677:campaign
15668:Eva Joly
15641:campaign
15601:Lost in
15590:campaign
15376:Lost in
15144:Le Maire
15036:Balladur
15006:Fourcade
14931:Pflimlin
14925:Gaillard
14919:Ramadier
14907:Pflimlin
14859:Queuille
14751:Diethelm
14649:Caillaux
14577:Poincaré
14565:Caillaux
14547:Loucheur
14541:Painlevé
14535:Caillaux
14475:Noullens
14457:Caillaux
14439:Caillaux
14421:Caillaux
14415:Poincaré
14397:Caillaux
14367:Poincaré
14265:Caillaux
13998:DuchĂątel
13992:d'Argout
13962:Laffitte
13887:Corvetto
13779:Faipoult
13761:ClaviĂšre
13740:ClaviĂšre
13716:ClaviĂšre
13584:de Moras
13305:Guillart
12005:Archived
11990:Archived
11925:Archived
11900:Archived
11863:Archived
11480:(2012).
11306:Archived
11286:7 August
11280:Archived
11254:Archived
11189:Archived
11160:Archived
11130:Archived
11100:Archived
11070:Archived
11066:El Mundo
11004:Archived
10932:trend.az
10867:Archived
10837:Archived
10807:Archived
10660:Archived
10655:France24
10631:20 March
10625:Archived
10620:France24
10596:20 March
10590:Archived
10585:BBC News
10564:20 March
10558:Archived
10553:euronews
10523:Archived
10495:20 March
10489:Archived
10462:20 March
10456:Archived
10451:BBC News
10375:BBC News
10244:Archived
10240:Le Point
10214:Archived
10184:Archived
10153:Archived
10149:BBC News
10123:Archived
10119:Politico
10063:Archived
10025:Archived
9995:Archived
9991:BBC News
9970:Archived
9946:Archived
9942:ABC News
9915:Archived
9883:Archived
9851:Archived
9826:Archived
9802:Archived
9782:Archived
9759:Archived
9739:Archived
9714:Archived
9689:Archived
9665:Archived
9634:Archived
9603:Archived
9574:Archived
9555:28 April
9549:Archived
9516:Archived
9512:Le Monde
9485:Archived
9459:Archived
9428:Archived
9424:Le Monde
9397:Archived
9355:Archived
9331:Archived
9244:Archived
9240:Le Monde
9214:Archived
9210:Le Point
9184:Archived
9149:Archived
9130:Archived
9102:Archived
9075:Archived
9059:Le Monde
9050:Archived
9009:Archived
8978:Le Monde
8917:Archived
8891:France 5
8861:Archived
8777:Archived
8729:Archived
8690:Archived
8660:Archived
8655:BBC News
8628:Archived
8583:Archived
8553:Le Monde
8528:Archived
8523:BBC News
8502:8 August
8496:Archived
8492:BBC News
8466:Archived
8399:Archived
8370:Archived
8342:Archived
8314:Archived
8286:Archived
8258:Archived
8228:Archived
8188:Archived
8185:Advisors
8166:Archived
8144:Archived
8120:Archived
8097:Archived
8073:Archived
8044:cite web
7990:22 April
7964:22 April
7929:Archived
7894:Archived
7864:Archived
7831:Archived
7798:Archived
7770:Archived
7745:Archived
7721:23 April
7715:Archived
7672:Archived
7668:LEFIGARO
7642:Archived
7616:Archived
7567:Archived
7536:Archived
7532:BBC News
7506:Archived
7386:Archived
7363:Archived
7344:26 March
7338:Archived
7312:Archived
7292:Le Monde
7283:Archived
7259:Archived
7229:Archived
7195:Archived
7167:Archived
7139:Archived
7125:Le Monde
7099:Archived
7071:Archived
7043:Archived
6994:Archived
6978:Archived
6953:27 April
6917:Archived
6888:Archived
6864:Archived
6814:Archived
6794:Archived
6770:Archived
6740:Archived
6706:BBC News
6698:Archived
6669:La Croix
6648:Archived
6624:Archived
6618:Le Monde
6599:Le Monde
6590:Archived
6549:18 March
6519:18 March
6513:Archived
6483:18 March
6477:Archived
6456:Archived
6418:Archived
6397:Archived
6334:Archived
6320:Archived
6297:12 March
6270:18 March
6264:Archived
6208:Archived
6185:ABC News
6161:Archived
6057:Archived
6031:Archived
6027:BBC News
5980:31 March
5922:Archived
5868:Archived
5838:Archived
5802:Archived
5726:Archived
5706:12 April
5674:Archived
5670:BBC News
5641:Archived
5615:Archived
5584:BBC News
5420:Holy See
5401:) â 2008
5385:) â 2008
5369:) â 2010
5337:) â 2004
5321:) â 2009
5305:) â 2011
5289:) - 2008
5273:) - 2008
5241:) - 2007
5225:) - 2009
5209:) - 2009
5193:) - 2009
5177:) - 2012
5161:) - 2008
5145:) - 2011
5129:) - 2007
5127:Bulgaria
5113:) - 2009
5097:) - 2004
5081:) - 2011
4777:euronews
4462:"). The
4447:racaille
4364:populism
4236:Publicis
3666:Columbia
3519:Napoleon
3335:France 2
3228:Le Monde
3175:racaille
2847:charisma
2758:Le Matin
2754:Publicis
2745:Le Matin
2656:business
2567:Gaullist
2554:communes
2320:Born in
2075:Le Point
2047:La Croix
2026:ĂlĂ©ments
1993:Hussards
1702:Pompidou
1687:Poincaré
1677:PĂ©cresse
1667:Maréchal
1662:MacMahon
1443:The Pope
1389:Veuillot
1309:LemaĂźtre
1304:Lefebvre
1229:Bruckner
1057:Nativism
922:Royalism
886:Gaullism
870:Integral
832:a series
775:Children
633:, France
43:reviewed
17159:Akihito
17137:Knights
16396:Fischer
16386:Sarkozy
16351:Juncker
16331:Simitis
16311:Persson
16276:Juncker
16241:Dehaene
16221:Lubbers
16201:Martens
16196:Lubbers
16151:Martens
16141:Van Agt
16131:Haughey
16126:Cossiga
16111:Schmidt
16091:Den Uyl
15902:Second
15120:Lagarde
15102:Gaymard
15096:Sarkozy
15078:Sautter
15066:Arthuis
15060:Madelin
14913:Lacoste
14865:Petsche
14847:Reynaud
14835:Schuman
14823:Schuman
14802:Schuman
14784:Lepercq
14724:Cathala
14691:Reynaud
14655:RĂ©gnier
14607:Flandin
14595:Reynaud
14487:Thierry
14463:Renoult
14427:Cochery
14403:Rouvier
14391:Peytral
14385:Cochery
14361:Burdeau
14355:Peytral
14343:Rouvier
14337:Peytral
14325:Rouvier
14319:Dauphin
14115:Blondel
14073:Duclerc
14010:Gautier
13698:Lambert
13488:Colbert
13482:Fouquet
13476:Fouquet
13472:Servien
13450:d'Emery
13438:d'Emery
13406:de Ruzé
13378:Jeannin
11945:Vacarme
11312:18 June
11260:9 March
10863:YouTube
10250:1 March
10220:1 March
10190:1 March
10159:1 March
10099:4 April
9386:Reuters
9337:9 March
9157:Vacarme
8735:13 June
8696:13 June
8462:Reuters
8128:Reuters
8081:Reuters
7935:21 June
7890:bbc.com
7678:1 March
7502:Reuters
7485:NPR.org
7470:3 April
7443:3 April
7413:9 March
7235:27 July
7106:Reuters
6846:9 March
6776:3 April
6746:3 April
6736:Reuters
6630:9 March
6424:9 March
6214:3 April
6089:9 March
6063:9 March
6037:9 March
6006:9 March
5950:9 March
5904:9 March
5874:9 March
5844:9 March
5783:9 March
5732:9 March
5680:9 March
5647:20 July
5367:Ukraine
5351:Tunisia
5239:Morocco
5223:Lebanon
5143:Georgia
5095:Belgium
5079:Armenia
4813:Ukraine
4800:Austria
4688:bribery
4539:leader
4507:genetic
4432:la cité
4430:KĂ€rcher
4077:at the
3933:, with
3709:in 2009
3369:nuclear
3279:libéral
3267:libéral
3185:KĂ€rcher
2931:of the
2693:Ajaccio
2634:leftist
2630:May '68
2594:sixiĂšme
2573:later.
2556:of the
2527:Ottoman
2449:He was
2430:In the
2401:Tunisia
2356:and as
2294:French:
2082:Présent
1972:Civitas
1946:Defunct
1809:Defunct
1749:Parties
1737:Zemmour
1722:Schuman
1717:Sarkozy
1692:Poisson
1672:Messmer
1657:Malraux
1652:Maurras
1595:Bellamy
1339:Maurras
1319:Madiran
1314:Le Play
1269:Dumézil
1224:Boutang
1204:Barruel
1099:History
995:Elitism
768:
756:
742:
722:
718:
705:
689:
685:
672:Spouses
18:Sarkozy
17231:(2015)
17225:(2014)
17219:(2011)
17213:(2010)
17207:(2010)
17201:(2007)
17195:(2004)
17189:(1995)
17182:(1994)
17175:(1985)
17171:Queen
17168:(1985)
16921:(2014)
16710:Senate
16599:(2015)
16572:(2022
16556:(2019
16546:(2016
16429:Michel
16371:Merkel
16306:Chirac
16266:Bruton
16246:Chirac
16226:Cavaco
16191:Santer
16136:Werner
15904:Fillon
15762:Fillon
15760:First
15603:runoff
15574:Winner
15378:runoff
15353:Winner
15303:âą (A)
15299:âą (S)
15126:Baroin
15114:Borloo
15108:Breton
15084:Fabius
15024:Delors
15018:Monory
14994:Ortoli
14853:Pineau
14829:Philip
14796:Philip
14790:Pleven
14763:France
14745:Pleven
14667:Bonnet
14661:Auriol
14631:Piétri
14625:Bonnet
14619:Chéron
14589:Dumont
14583:Chéron
14553:Doumer
14505:Doumer
14451:Dumont
14409:Merlou
14379:Doumer
14349:Tirard
14331:Tirard
14313:Carnot
14301:Tirard
14283:Magnin
14223:Buffet
14217:Picard
14190:Segris
14184:Buffet
14172:Rouher
14148:Bineau
14028:Humann
13986:Humann
13974:Humann
13860:Gaudin
13853:(1815)
13818:Gaudin
13797:Gaudin
13791:Lindet
13773:Vacant
13700:(1790)
13692:Necker
13688:(1789)
13680:Necker
13670:(1787)
13658:(1783)
13644:Necker
13634:(1776)
13626:Turgot
13620:Terray
13602:Bertin
13598:(1759)
13243:France
12421:Acting
12397:Acting
12373:Acting
12035:C-SPAN
11771:
11752:
11733:
11714:
11695:
11675:
11655:
11635:
11616:
11597:
11553:
11534:
11511:
11492:
11466:
11446:
11426:
11406:
11387:
11368:
11156:BOE.es
11126:BOE.es
11096:BOE.es
10405:7 July
10382:17 May
10057:
9857:3 July
9640:15 May
9609:15 May
9455:Rue 89
8805:
8723:
8622:
8472:1 July
8408:Rue 89
8351:Rue 89
8295:Rue 89
7336:. UK.
6141:Forbes
5811:Rue 89
5762:, 2007
5590:17 May
5546:31 May
5447:
5417:
5255:Monaco
5207:Kuwait
5111:Brazil
4950:canton
4832:Crimea
4796:Danube
4758:Airbus
4441:voyous
4412:Riyadh
4352:. The
4115:Israel
3971:, the
3854:asylum
3755:decree
3606:. The
3383:Toulon
3298:DADVSI
3286:quotas
3259:credit
3241:direct
3107:Alstom
2843:orator
2626:D.E.A.
2562:région
2521:, and
2407:, and
2391:, the
2383:, the
2375:, the
2092:Minute
1881:Active
1753:Active
1682:PĂ©tain
1615:Ciotti
1577:(2015)
1567:(2014)
1557:(2006)
1547:(1983)
1537:(1972)
1527:(1945)
1517:(1905)
1507:(1895)
1497:(1882)
1487:(1864)
1477:(1855)
1467:(1835)
1457:(1821)
1447:(1819)
1437:(1802)
1427:(1797)
1417:(1796)
1334:Massis
1299:Le Bon
1274:Guénon
1259:Freund
1249:Daudet
1239:Carrel
1199:BarrĂšs
1066:
762:
736:
728:
695:
17185:King
17178:King
17150:King
17114:King
16381:JanĆĄa
16356:Blair
16341:Ahern
16321:Aznar
16286:Klima
16281:Blair
16261:Prodi
16231:Major
16186:Craxi
16121:Lynch
16086:Thorn
15662:MoDem
15138:Sapin
15048:Sapin
15012:Barre
14982:Debré
14964:Pinay
14943:Pinay
14937:Faure
14901:Buron
14895:Faure
14883:Pinay
14877:Faure
14871:Mayer
14841:Mayer
14559:PĂ©ret
14493:Klotz
14481:Ribot
14445:Klotz
14433:Klotz
14373:Ribot
14247:Magne
14196:Magne
14178:Magne
14166:Fould
14154:Magne
14127:Fould
14109:Fould
14097:Fould
14091:Passy
14040:Dumon
14016:Passy
13980:Passy
13710:Tarbé
13554:Dodun
13287:Babou
13149:]
13132:]
13107:]
13058:]
13041:]
13010:]
12993:]
12976:]
12959:]
12942:]
12925:]
12908:]
12891:]
12874:]
12857:]
12840:]
12823:]
12806:]
12789:]
12758:]
12619:2011
12591:2011
12492:With
12352:1999
12319:2008
12238:2004
11836:Press
11440:Libre
11192:(PDF)
11185:(PDF)
10892:(PDF)
10210:L'Obs
10089:L'Obs
9159:n°42
8586:(PDF)
8573:(PDF)
8264:" in
8104:Accor
6720:(AFP)
5479:trema
5457:Notes
5450:Italy
5335:Spain
5319:Spain
5303:Spain
5271:Qatar
5159:GrĂšce
4703:Paris
4594:Laval
4458:dregs
4153:Accor
3877:Hamas
3592:MILAN
3126:right
2906:mayor
2762:suing
2687:from
2409:Syria
2405:Libya
2322:Paris
2020:CNews
2014:Media
1630:Juppé
1394:Ye'or
1379:Taine
1374:Rueff
1364:Renan
1329:Morel
766:)
758:(
754:
740:)
724:(
720:
691:(
687:
631:Paris
592:(see
523:Mayor
101:23rd
17021:2012
17014:2004
17007:2002
16960:2012
16956:2007
16946:2002
16652:2022
16642:2017
16424:Tusk
16256:Dini
16166:Kohl
16081:Moro
15672:EELV
15510:CPNT
14679:Blum
13566:Orry
12935:1920
12552:and
12026:IMDb
11769:ISBN
11750:ISBN
11731:ISBN
11712:ISBN
11693:ISBN
11673:ISBN
11653:ISBN
11633:ISBN
11614:ISBN
11595:ISBN
11582:link
11575:help
11551:ISSN
11532:ISBN
11509:ISBN
11490:ISBN
11464:ISBN
11444:ISBN
11424:ISBN
11404:ISBN
11385:ISBN
11366:ISBN
11344:2012
11314:2014
11288:2008
11262:2010
11200:2019
11168:2016
11138:2016
11108:2016
11078:2011
11012:2016
10875:2012
10845:2016
10815:2016
10698:2023
10668:2018
10633:2018
10598:2018
10566:2018
10531:2016
10497:2018
10484:TIME
10464:2018
10429:2024
10407:2024
10384:2023
10356:2022
10331:2022
10302:2022
10275:2022
10252:2021
10222:2021
10192:2021
10161:2021
10131:2020
10101:2016
10071:2016
10055:ISSN
10033:2016
10003:2016
9954:2020
9923:2016
9891:2016
9859:2014
9722:2010
9673:2016
9642:2012
9611:2012
9557:2007
9524:2008
9493:2012
9467:2008
9436:2008
9339:2010
9276:2017
9252:2010
9222:2010
9192:2017
8993:2005
8925:2007
8869:2009
8803:ISBN
8737:2020
8721:ISSN
8698:2020
8668:2015
8636:2017
8620:ISSN
8594:2015
8536:2015
8504:2009
8474:2017
8444:2008
8056:help
8017:2023
7992:2022
7966:2022
7937:2018
7902:2016
7872:2014
7839:2014
7753:2016
7723:2012
7680:2021
7650:2017
7601:2012
7575:2013
7544:2009
7514:2009
7472:2009
7445:2009
7415:2010
7346:2008
7267:2008
7237:2008
6955:2016
6848:2010
6778:2021
6748:2021
6681:2007
6632:2010
6551:2010
6521:2010
6485:2010
6426:2010
6381:2008
6299:2010
6272:2010
6241:2011
6216:2018
6122:2007
6091:2010
6065:2010
6039:2010
6008:2010
5982:2010
5952:2010
5906:2010
5876:2010
5846:2010
5785:2010
5734:2010
5708:2008
5682:2010
5649:2020
5623:2008
5592:2023
5548:2024
5430:and
4910:for
4454:" ("
4348:and
4315:and
4207:and
4073:and
4050:and
3873:Gaza
3846:NATO
3775:CNIL
3680:The
3664:and
3662:Yale
3600:EADS
3596:MBDA
3569:FARC
3124:and
3122:left
2933:RAID
2735:and
2705:Jean
2689:Vico
2658:and
2618:M.A.
2313:and
2289:-zee
2285:sar-
1359:Pujo
1254:Faye
780:Jean
764:2008
738:2007
734:div.
730:1996
701:div.
697:1982
611:Born
66:and
16271:Kok
15698:NPA
15688:DLR
15615:UMP
15462:PCF
15450:MPF
15438:LCR
15414:UDF
15365:UMP
15286:(S)
15280:(P)
15274:(A)
15268:(S)
15262:(S)
15256:(A)
15250:(A)
15244:(P)
15090:Mer
14295:Say
14277:Say
14259:Say
14241:Say
13917:Roy
13905:Roy
13893:Roy
13536:Law
13366:d'O
13345:d'O
13241:of
12646:as
12033:on
12024:at
11852:TLS
9303:SWF
8212:CBS
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4952:of
4798:in
4487:Pau
4295:or
4217:.
3771:FPR
3670:G20
3634:in
3350:TF1
3342:UMP
3216:UMP
3179:in
3088:UMP
2652:bar
2620:in
2287:KOH
2261:ÉËr
798:DEA
525:of
271:of
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15718:SP
15708:LO
15674:;
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