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Baker belonged to a pioneering era in ecology when researchers began to use experimentation to take ecology beyond being merely descriptive. She was not the only one to think the shore provided good opportunities for ecological study. Baker's work on seaweed zoning explored the tendency for different
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accompanied by a lectureship at
University College. This placed her in an enlightened environment by the standards of the early 20th century. Not only had University College been the first academic institution in the UK to admit female students, but from 1890 its Department of Botany under Professor
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was important. This idea went out of fashion for some time but is now accepted as part of the explanation for zonation. One writer has even called her "prophetic". When she began to look at the effects of formaldehyde on living plants her experimental methods became more complex and sophisticated.
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On Sarah Baker's mother's
Braithwaite side of the family, there was a strong tradition of active Quaker involvement and ministry including her grandmother, grandfather and aunt. Her Canadian-born father and several relatives were involved in engineering and manufacturing.
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was quite progressive. It granted several doctorates in botany to women, employed a reasonable number of female staff and gave the prestigious Quain award to women as often as to men. In 1913 Baker received her doctorate for work on the effect of
130:, and received a Bachelor of Science degree with first class honours in 1909. After a short time in Munich in 1910, she returned to research in botanical chemistry in London. She was generally described as energetic and very hard-working.
188:". She undertook the laborious work of measuring distances on the shore, collecting specimens, putting them in numerous jars and "var their exposure to drying". Her conclusions suggested that competition between the various
277:"On the causes of the Zoning of Brown Seaweeds on the Sea Shore." Pt. 2. The effect of Periodic Exposure on the Expulsion of Gametes and on the Germination of the Oospore."
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Alongside her scientific work she did voluntary work for the
Society of Friends (Quakers) and is credited with an inspirational quotation used on the ‘Botanists’ panel of a
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claimed that "her death was due to overwork". A Sarah M. Baker
Memorial Prize was established at University College London in 1919 and is still awarded today.
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1916 In co-operation with Maude H. Bohling. "On the Brown
Seaweeds of the Salt Marsh. Part II. Their Systematic Relationships, Morphology, and Ecology.",
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D.Sc. F.L.S. (1887–1917) was an
English botanist and ecologist who is remembered for her studies of brown seaweeds and zonation patterns on the seashore.
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which comes from an obituary report of her Sunday school students’ memories of her. When the First World War began she joined
University College's
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1909 A theory regarding the configuration of certain unsaturated compounds; and its application to the metallic ammines and the cinnamic acids.",
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110:. She is said to have been interested in plants and flowers from an early age. Another interest was art and she studied briefly at the
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Born in London on 4 June 1887, she was the daughter of Martha
Braithwaite Baker and George Samuel Baker and grew up in a
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family with two younger brothers, George and Bevan. As well as their main London home the family had a country house at
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types to thrive at different distances from the high tide mark. She decided to test whether "differential tolerance to
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before moving into science. This art training resulted in her producing scientific illustrations of high quality.
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She went on studying photosynthesis and had intended to do more in that field had she not died young.
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1915 "Liquid
Pressure Theory of Ascent of Sap in Plants." British Association. Manchester,
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Annual
Monitor for 1918 ...an obituary of members of the Society of Friends...
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301:" Quantitative Experiments on the Effect of Formaldehyde on Living Plants"
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1913 " Note on a new treatment for Silver Leaf Disease in Fruit Trees."
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Imperial Ecology: Environmental Order in the British Empire, 1895-1945
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Father, George Samuel, brother, George Ralph, and the family business
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267:"On the causes of the Zoning of Brown Seaweeds on the Sea Shore."
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She died on 29 May 1917 just before reaching her 30th birthday.
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The Essential Naturalist: Timeless Readings in Natural History
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on living plants, and in 1914 was elected a fellow of the
523:, Springer 2012, quoting and agreeing with Connell (1972)
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Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 1911-12
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in 1906, where one of her teachers was the chemist Sir
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In 1912 she was chosen for the Quain Studentship in
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480:Michael H. Graham, Joan Parker, Paul K. Dayton,
314:Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany
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462:Marine Ecology: Processes, Systems, and Impacts
260:Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions
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484:, University of Chicago, 2011, p299
399:"In Memoriam: Sarah Martha Baker".
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432:Miss Sarah Martha Baker D.Sc., in
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343:Brother, Bevan Braithwaite Baker
575:International Plant Names Index
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508:Competition and Coexistence
323:by FW Oliver, Dent and Sons
180:stress was what determines
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321:The Exploitation of Plants
153:British Ecological Society
124:University College London
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601:English women scientists
519:D.Raffaelli, S.Hawkins,
493:D.Raffaelli, S.Hawkins,
361:Joseph Bevan Braithwaite
209:Voluntary Aid Detachment
122:Baker began studying at
407:(3/4): 222–223. 1917.
359:Maternal grandfather,
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450:, Harvard UP 2009, p9
167:Whitecliff Bay, near
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118:Education and career
236:author abbreviation
112:Slade School of Art
521:Intertidal Ecology
506:U.Sommer, B.Worm,
495:Intertidal Ecology
401:Journal of Ecology
355:Joseph Allen Baker
229:Published articles
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74:Sarah Martha Baker
63:botany and ecology
23:Sarah Martha Baker
606:English botanists
539:,Gloucester, 1917
86:Fucus vesiculosus
83:Bladderwrack, or
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54:Scientific career
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367:Anna Braithwaite
303:Annals of Botany
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199:Volunteering
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186:marine algae
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145:formaldehyde
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616:1917 deaths
611:1887 births
262:, Volume 95
215:End of life
178:desiccation
32:4 June 1887
595:Categories
379:References
305:, 27, 410.
296:, 27, 172.
140:F.W.Oliver
94:Early life
434:The Times
328:Relatives
281:Vol 9, 54
241:S.M.Baker
222:The Times
169:Bembridge
371:Nephew,
191:Fucaceae
182:zonation
159:Research
40:May 1917
413:2255664
353:Uncle,
347:Aunt,
108:seaweed
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247:citing
135:Botany
100:Quaker
60:Fields
409:JSTOR
299:1913
275:1910
265:1909
564:p245
37:Died
29:Born
184:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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