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1112:, which could be accessed via a double staircase. A second stone pathway at ground level was enclosed by a stone balustrade. The railings around Stupa 1 do not have artistic reliefs. These are only slabs, with some dedicatory inscriptions. These elements are dated to circa 150 BCE, or 175–125 BCE. Although the railings are made up of stone, they are copied from a wooden prototype, and as John Marshall has observed the joints between the coping stones have been cut at a slant, as wood is naturally cut, and not vertically as stone should be cut. Besides the short records of the donors written on the railings in Brahmi script, there are two later inscriptions on the railings added during the time of the Gupta Period. Some reliefs are visible on the stairway balustrade, but they are probably slightly later than those at Stupa No2, and are dated to 125–100 BCE. Some authors consider that these reliefs, rather crude and without obvious Buddhist connotations, are the oldest reliefs of all Sanchi, slightly older even than the reliefs of
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intact. The form, too, of the platform around its base is sufficiently clear, and the capital and statue which it is said to have supported, are both relatively well-preserved. What remains of the shaft is 9 ft. in length, 3 ft. 10 in. of which, measured from the top, are circular and smooth, and the remainder, constituting the base, square and rough-dressed. In the Gupta age, it was the common practice to keep the bases of such monolithic columns square, whereas those of the Maurya age were invariably circular. The columns of the Maurya period are distinguished by its exquisite dressing and highly polished surface; but in this case the dressing of the stone is characterized by no such lustrous finish.
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4737:. A royal figure in a chariot drives forth from a city gate, with a horse in front. The scene is analogous to the scene of Buddha's departure from Kapilavastu on the East Gateway, but in that case there is no chariot, and in this case there is no umbrella above the horse to indicate the presence of the Buddha. However, a royal umbrella being held over an empty spot in the chariot would suggest the presence of the Buddha. The figure standing at its side with a water-pot (bhrihgara) in his hand indicates that a gift is being made. Alternatively, it could be King Suddhodana going forth from Kapilavastu to meet his son, the Buddha, on the occasion when he presented him with a park of mango trees.
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7809:, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928, acknowledged her contribution by dedicating his important volumes on Sanchi to Sultan Jehan. She had funded the museum that was built there. As one of the earliest and most important Buddhist architectural and cultural pieces, it has drastically transformed the understanding of early India with respect to Buddhism. It is now a marvellous example of the carefully preserved archaeological site by the Archeological Survey of India. The place of Sanchi Stupa in Indian history and culture can be gauged from the fact that Reserve Bank of India introduced new 200 Indian Rupees notes with Sanchi Stupa in 2017.
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5198:. Near the center of the panel is the throne indicating the presence of the Buddha, surmounted by the umbrella; behind it, Indra and Brahma standing in an attitude of adoration; in the background, the houses of Uruvilva and the people at their daily tasks. To the left, a man and woman, the woman grinding spices on a "cari" stone; nearby, to the right, another woman is at work at a table, while a third is pounding rice with pestle and mortar, and a fourth winnowing the grain with a fan. In the foreground is the river Nairanjana, with cattle on its banks and a woman drawing water in a pitcher. One of the villagers has his hands joined in the attitude of prayer.
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3864:, bringing the meal which she prepared for Gautama before he began his last meditation prior to his enlightenment. Near the middle of the panel is Mara, seated on a throne with attendants around, and advancing from him towards the throne are his daughters, who sought by their blandishments to seduce Gautama from his purpose. On his other side, i.e., in the right half of the panel, are the hosts of Mara's demons, personifying the vices, the passions and the fears of mankind. The vigor and humor with which these fantastic beings are portrayed is very striking, and far more forceful than anything of the kind produced by the artists of the
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3054:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". It is the main one as it was erected in front of the steps by which the terrace was ascended. The Southern Gateway was also the first to be erected. Then followed, in chronological order, the Northern, the Eastern and the Western, their succession in each case being demonstrated by the style of their carvings. It is probable, however, that not more than three or four decades intervened between the building of the Southern and Western gateways.
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5228:. The Naga attacked him with smoke and fire but was met with the same weapons, and being overcome crept into the Buddha's begging bowl. In the middle of the panel is the fire temple with a fire altar in front and a throne indicating the presence of the Buddha within, while behind the throne is the five-headed Naga. Flames are issuing from the windows in the roof. On either side of the temple are the Brahmanical ascetics standing in an attitude of respect and veneration.
4770:. It can also be interpreted in relation to the panel of the Miracle at Kapilavastu on the same pillar (Right pillar, Inner face,3rd panel). When Buddha returned to his native city of Kapilavastu, his father Suddhodana came forth with a royal retinue to meet him, and the Buddha performed his Miracle of the Walk in the Air. In this scene, on the front face of the pillar, the Buddha is probably represented in this very park with disciples and followers around him.
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already escaped to the rocks and jungles beyond. In the lower part of the panel, to the left, is king
Brahmadatta on horseback with his soldiers, one of whom with bow and arrow is aiming upwards at the Bodhisattva. Higher up the panel the figure of the king is repeated, sitting beneath the mango tree and conversing with the dying Bodhisattva, who, according to the Jataka story, gave the king good advice on the duties of a chief.
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3358:, who initially tried to keep all the relics of the Buddha for themselves. A war erupted in which the chiefs of seven other clans waged war against the Mallakas of Kushinara for the possession of the Buddha's relics. In the centre of the architrave, the siege of Kushinara is in progress; to right and left, the victorious chiefs are departing in chariots and on elephants, with the relics borne on the heads of the latter.
3042:
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1060:, with many cities actually issuing their own coinage, as well as the relative dislike of the Shungas for Buddhism, some authors argue that the constructions of that period in Sanchi cannot really be called "Shunga". They were not the result of royal sponsorship, in contrast with what happened during the Mauryas, and the dedications at Sanchi were private or collective, rather than the result of royal patronage.
6063:(Regents of the Four Quarters) and the archangels of the heavens approached him and besought him to turn the Wheel of the Law. It was when the Buddha was seated beneath the banyan tree (nyagrodha) shortly after his enlightenment, that this entreaty was made, and it is a banyan tree with the throne beneath that is depicted in this relief. The four figures side by side in the foreground may be the four Lokapalas.
233:
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Nagis, in human form with serpent hoods, worshiping at the stupa, bringing offerings, or emerging from the waters of a lotus-pond. On the projecting end of this architrave is an elephant in a lotus-pond with mahaut and females on its back, and a second female scrambling up behind; in the background, a pavilion with female figures looking out. To what particular incident this relief refers, is not known.
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6152:, the jealous and wicked cousin of the Buddha, was in that life one of the monkeys and, thinking it a good chance to destroy his enemy, jumped on the Bodhisattva's back and broke his heart. The king, seeing the good deed of the Bodhisattva and repenting of his own attempt to kill him, tended him with great care when he was dying and afterwards gave him royal obsequies.
7224:, and of a pale buff hue splashed and streaked with amethyst. At Sanchi this particular variety of stone was used only in monuments of the Gupta period. This pillar was approximately 22 ft. 6 in. in height and was composed of two pieces only, one comprising the circular shaft and square base, the other the bell-capital, necking, lions and crowning
3636:(horizontal inscription on the lintel), suggesting that a part of the gateways at least was made by ivory carvers. At the least, the delicacy of workmanship and spatial effect attained in the panel of the Trayastrimsa heaven is particularly striking, and makes it understandable that, as the inscription on it records, it was the work of ivory-carvers of
2333:
6504:(Nandanavana). In the centre is the pavilion of the god, with Indra himself seated on a throne surrounded by women attendants. In the foreground is the river MandakinI, which bounds the heaven of Indra, and to right and left of the pavilion are mountains and jungle forming a pleasure-garden for the gods and demigods who are taking their case therein.
2033:
embellishment of the stupa to attain spiritual merit. There was no direct royal patronage. Devotees, both men and women, who donated money towards a sculpture would often choose their favourite scene from the life of the Buddha and then have their names inscribed on it. This accounts for the random repetition of particular episodes on the stupa.
691:. After Ashoka's accession, Mahendra headed a Buddhist mission, sent probably under the auspices of the Emperor, to Sri Lanka, and that before setting out to the island he visited his mother at Chetiyagiri near Vidisa, thought to be Sanchi. He was lodged there in a sumptuous vihara or monastery, which she herself is said to have had erected.
2941:
8890:"The railing of Sanchi Stupa No.2, which represents the oldest extensive stupa decoration in existence, (and) dates from about the second century B.C.E." Constituting Communities: Theravada Buddhism and the Religious Cultures of South and Southeast Asia, John Clifford Holt, Jacob N. Kinnard, Jonathan S. Walters, SUNY Press, 2012
5851:
of the King thrice repeated, first shooting the lad in the water, then with bow in hand, then standing penitent with bow and arrow discarded; and in the left top corner are the father, mother and son restored to health, and by their side the god Indra and the king. The Buddha in a previous life was thus given as an example of
7252:, consist of birds and lotuses of unequal sizes disposed in irregular fashion, not with the symmetrical precision of earlier Indian art. Finally, these lions, like those on the pillars of the Southern Gateway, are provided with five claws on each foot, and their modelling exhibits little regard for truth and little artistry.
2595:. A sculpture at Sanchi, southern gateway of Stupa No1, shows Ashoka in grief being supported by his two Queens. Then the relief above shows the Bodhi Tree prospering inside its new temple. Numerous other sculptures at Sanchi show scenes of devotion towards the Bodhi Tree, and the Bodhi Tree inside its temple at Bodh Gaya.
6245:. Three heraldic lions standing on conventionalized floral device. The turn in the upper leaves is peculiar. This method of treating foliage is peculiar to the Early School and is never found in later work. The inscription over this panel records that the pillar was a gift of Balamitra, pupil of Ayachuda (Arya-kshudra).
1751:. This method of finishing off the arris at the point of transition between the two sections are features characteristic of the second and first centuries BCE. The west side of the shaft is split off, but the tenon at the top, to which the capital was mortised, is still preserved. The capital is of the usual bell-shaped
1006:
7149:. It consists of a flat roofed square sanctum with a portico and four pillars. The interior and three sides of the exterior are plain and undecorated but the front and the pillars are elegantly carved, giving the temple an almost 'classical' appearance, not unlike the 2nd century rock-cut cave temples of the
5328:. In the center, the tree and throne of the Buddha, with a group of worshipers around, including King Suddhodana, the father of the Buddha, who is standing immediately in front of the throne. The king wears the same headdress here as in the panel below. The episode represented is the homage paid by the King
3630:. The story told in the Buddhist scriptures is that, before embracing a religious life, Gautama divested himself of his princely garments and cut off his long hair with his sword, casting both hair and turban into the air, whence they were borne by the devas to the Trayastrimsa heaven and worshiped there.
6021:
tree in the middle of the panel, to remind the spectator of the first meditation of the
Bodhisattva and the path on which it led him. So, here, these three figures, which are strikingly similar to the three sorrowing Yakshas in the Mahdbhinishkramana scene and were probably executed by the same hand,
5850:
intervenes and allows Syama to be healed and his parents' sight to be restored. At the right hand top corner of the panel arc the two hermitages with the father and mother seated in front of them. Below them their son Syama is coming to draw water from the stream. Then, to the left, we see the figure
3022:
in spreading the
Buddhist faith. This gateway is one of the two which were reconstructed by Major Cole in 1882–83. The whole of the right jamb and half of the left are new and blank, as well as the west end of the lowest architrave, the east end of the middle architrave, and the six vertical uprights
6942:
Again variety and the detail of the pillar panels is much less than at the Great Stupa. The first panel however is extremely interesting, as it shows the adoration of what looks like the pillar of Ashoka at the
Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa. Then other devotees simply line up in the second and
6818:
Uncharacteristically, the rear panel of the left pillar of the gateway is fully decorated, down to its bottom. This can be explained by the fact that the stupa is not surrounded by a railing as in the Great Stupa, therefore rendering this rear space free. The right pillar of the gateway however does
6285:
The gateway of Stupa No 3, located to the immediate south of Stupa No 3, is smaller than the four gateways encircling the Great Stupa. It is also slightly older, and generally dated to the 1st century CE. This gateway stands 17 feet high, and is adorned with reliefs in the same style as those on the
5492:
Each of these six heavens or devalokas is represented by a storey of a palace, the front of which is divided by pillars into three bays, the pillars in the alternate storeys being either plain or provided with elaborate
Persepolitan capitals. In the central bay there sits a god, like an Indian king,
5106:
accompanied by a disciple and a boatman are hastening in a boat to the rescue of the Buddha. Then, in the lower part of the picture, the Buddha, represented by his promenade (chahbama), appears walking on the face of the waters, and in the foreground the figures of
Kasyapa and his disciple are twice
3752:
The best preserved of all four gateways is the
Northern one, which still retains most of its ornamental figures and gives a good idea of the original appearance of all the gateways. Like the other gateways, the Northern Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their
3090:
Some material was lost over two thousand years, and the restoration had to make up for lost elements with some blank slabs. The whole of the right jamb and half of the left are new, as well as the west end of the lowest architrave, the east end of the middle architrave, and the six vertical uprights
7494:
in India, the monuments of Sanchi went out of use and fell into a state of disrepair. In 1818, General Taylor of the Bengal
Cavalry recorded a visit to Sanchi. At that time the monuments were left in a relatively good condition. Although the jungle had overgrown the complex, several of the Gateways
3191:
Here, in the centre of the architrave, is depicted the stupa of
Ramagrama. Above the stupa are heavenly figures bearing garlands in their hands. To the right, the Emperor Asoka is approaching in his chariot, accompanied by a retinue of elephants, horsemen and footmen; and to the left, the Nagas and
2459:
wanted to keep his ashes, but the other kingdoms also wanting their part went to war and besieged the city of
Kushinagar. Finally, an agreement was reached, and the Buddha's cremation relics were divided among 8 royal families and his disciples. This famous view shows warfare techniques at the time
7804:
19th Century Europeans were very much interested in the Stupa which was originally built by Ashoka. French sought the permission to take away the eastern gateway to France. English, who had established themselves in India, majorly as a political force, were interested too in carrying it to England
7247:
As was usual with pillars of the Gupta age, the square base projected above the ground level, the projection in this case being 1 ft. 2 in., and was enclosed by a small square platform. The lion capital of this pillar is a feeble imitation of the one which surmounted the pillar of Asoka, with
5266:
ascetic has his axe raised to split the wood, but the axe will not descend until Buddha gives the word; then we see the axe driven home into the log. Similarly, a Brahman is engaged fanning the fire on an altar, but the fire will not burn until the Buddha permits it. Then we see the altar repeated
4594:
rises in the air, praised by celestial beings (only his path is visible). This panel is to be interpreted in conjunction with the corresponding panel adjoining it on the front face of the same pillar. When Buddha returned to his native city of Kapilavastu, his father Suddhodana came forth with a
2523:
who were too powerful, and were able to keep them. This scene is depicted in one of the transversal portions of the southern gateway of Stupa No1 at Sanchi. Ashoka is shown on the right in his chariot and his army, the stupa with the relics is in the center, and the Naga kings with their serpent
7316:
The massive pillar near the North Gateway, numbered 35 in the plan, was erected during the Gupta period. Every feature, whether structural, stylistic or technical, is typical of Gupta workmanship. Most of the shaft has been destroyed, but the stump still remains in situ, and the foundations are
6154:
Down the panel of the relief flows, from top to bottom, the river Ganges. To the left, at the top, is the great mango tree to which two monkeys are clinging, while the king of the monkeys is stretched across the river from the mango tree to the opposite bank, and over his body some monkeys have
1404:
was established later than the Great Stupa, but it is probably displaying the earliest architectural ornaments. For the first time, clearly Buddhist themes are represented, particularly the four events in the life of the Buddha that are: the Nativity, the Enlightenment, the First Sermon and the
919:, one of the first instances of free-standing temples in India. Temple 40 has remains of three different periods, the earliest period dating to the Maurya age, which probably makes it contemporary to the creation of the Great Stupa. An inscription even suggests it might have been established by
6875:
Worshipping the Bodhi Tree. This classic and rather simply depicted scene is again the unique didactic scene on this face of the pillar. It even faces a similar "Worshipping the Bodhi Tree" scene on the pillar surface facing it across the entrance. The next panel going down is only composed of
4595:
royal retinue to meet him, and a question of etiquette arose as to which should salute the other first: the father, who was king, or the son, who had become the Buddha. Thereupon the Buddha solved the difficulty by walking miraculously in mid-air. Here, in the panel on the inner face, we see a
7348:
An interesting feature of the image is the halo which is pierced with twelve small holes evenly disposed around its edge. Manifestly the halo, is too small in proportion to the size of the statue, and these holes were no doubt intended for the attachment of the outer rays, which were probably
5392:
Below it is a royal procession threading its way through the streets of the city and issuing forth from the gate. This is the procession of King Suddhodana, when he went forth to meet his son on his return to Kapilavastu. Then, at the bottom of the panel, is portrayed the miracle which Buddha
5231:
In the foreground, to the right, is a leaf-hut (parna-sala) and an ascetic at its threshold seated on a mat, with his knees bound up by a band and his hair (jafa) twisted turban-wise about his head. Evidently he is a Brahman doing penance. Before him is another Brahman standing and apparently
4611:, Skr : nyagrodha) is that King Suddhodana presented a park of banyan trees to his son on his return, and the tree, therefore, helps to localize the incident. In the corresponding scene on the front face the Buddha is probably represented in this park with disciples (but invisible due to
930:
Later, the platform was enlarged to 41.76×27.74 metres and re-used to erect a pillared hall with fifty columns (5×10) of which stumps remain. Some of these pillars have inscriptions of the 2nd century BCE. In the 7th or 8th century a small shrine was established in one corner of the platform,
4918:
in order to signify the fact that Siddharta is riding the horse. After his arrival in the forest on the right, Siddharta discards his robes, cuts off his hair and returns the horse to Chandaka. The horse is seen returning without a rider, now walking on the ground, devoid of the chatra. When
876:
several hundred miles away, implying that the builders were able to transport a block of stone over forty feet in length and weighing almost as many tons over such a distance. They probably used water transport, using rafts during the rainy season up until the Ganges, Jumna and Betwa rivers.
7953:
were sent back to Sri Lanka, where they were publicly displayed in 1947. It was such a grand event where the entire population of Sri Lanka came to visit them. However, they were later returned to India. But a new temple Chetiyagiri Vihara was constructed to house the relics, in 1952. In a
5397:(nyagrodha) to signify the park of banyans which Suddhodana presented to his son. The Buddha walking in mid-air is represented, as on the Northern Gateway, by his promenade (chankrama); and suggested by the upturned faces of the king and his retinue as they gaze wonderingly on the miracle.
2032:
The reliefs show scenes from the life of the Buddha integrated with everyday events that would be familiar to the onlookers and so make it easier for them to understand the Buddhist creed as relevant to their lives. At Sanchi and most other stupas the local population donated money for the
9729:"The scene shows musicians playing a variety of instruments, some of them quite extraordinary such as the Greek double flute and wind instruments with dragon head from West Asia" in The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia, Himanshu Prabha Ray, Cambridge University Press, 2003
4332:. In front of the door is the throne which marks the presence of the Buddha. The animals peering out from among the rocks serve to indicate the wildness of the spot. Below is the company of Indra in attitudes of worship, but which of these figures represents Indra and which his musician
7546:, a more theistic understanding of Buddhism. First, although many of the artistic themes remained the same (such as Maya's dream, The Great Departure, Mara's attacks...), many of the stories of the previous lives of the Buddha were replaced by the even more numerous stories about the
1916:
which is sometimes dated to the 2nd century BCE. Also, several Satavahana kings used the name "Satakarni", which complicates the matter. Usual dates given for the gateways range from 50 BCE to the 1st century CE, and the builder of the earliest gateways is generally considered to be
511:
period (5th century CE), and ending around the 12th century CE. It is probably the best preserved group of Buddhist monuments in India. The oldest, and also the largest monument, the Great Stupa also called Stupa No. 1, initially built under the Mauryans, and adorned with one of the
5259:'s conversion it is related that, after the miracle of the fire temple, a sacrifice was prepared by the Brahmans, but the wood for the fire could not be split, the fire could not be made to burn, and the oblation could not be offered, until in each case the Buddha gave his consent.
9681:"Sculptures showing Greeks or the Greek type of human figures are not lacking in ancient India. Apart from the proverbial Gandhara, Sanchi and Mathura have also yielded many sculptures that betray a close observation of the Greeks." in Graeco-Indica, India's cultural contacts, by
7805:
for a museum. They were satisfied with plaster-cast copies which were carefully prepared and the original remained at the site, part of Bhopal state. The rule of Bhopal, Shahjehan Begum and her successor Sultan Jehan Begum, provided money for the preservation of the ancient site.
7219:
Pillar No26 stands a little to the north of the Sunga pillar No25. It belongs to the early Gupta age. Apart from its design, it is distinguished from the other pillars on the site by the unusual quality and colour of its stone, which is harder than that ordinarily quarried in the
4827:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". It is the third gateway to have been constructed. Like the other gateways, the Southern Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
5064:
at the location, as well as a temple to protect the Bodhi Tree within. Spreading through its upper windows, the branches of the sacred tree can be seen. To right and left of the temple are four figures in an attitude of adoration, perhaps the Guardian Kings of the Four Quarters
5509:); and to his left are the court musicians and dancers. With slight variations the same figures are repeated in each of the six heavens. Nothing, perhaps, could give a better idea of the monotony of pleasure in the Buddhist heavens than the sameness of these reiterations.
4462:) of the Buddha. Among the crowds who are celebrating the occasion with music and dancing, some are wearing dresses and high boots suggestive of a cold climate. The individual and realistic features of the people can also be noticed. The official notice at Sanchi reads "
2910:
2383:
5639:
took place in a grove of those trees. The two groups of figures carrying banners and offerings, which occupy the ends of this architrave, are probably connected with the central scene, serving to indicate the rejoicing of the Mallakas over the possession of the relics.
5511:
The topmost panel of all, with two figures seated on a terrace and attendants behind, is treated quite differently from the Devalokas below and appears to represent the lowest of the Brahmaloka, which according to the Buddhist ideas rise above the inferior heavens.
9717:"The Greeks evidently introduced the himation and the chiton seen in the terracottas from Taxila and the short kilt worn by the soldier on the Sanchi relief." in Foreign influence on Indian culture: from c. 600 B.C. to 320 A.D., Manjari Ukil Originals, 2006, p. 162
3433:
The left external face consists in a foliage scroll inhabited by numerous animals and garlands, as well as an amorous couple repeated several time. Of the right pillar external face, nothing remains, and it has been left blank by the reconstitution under Marshall.
2320:, which started with the Pataliputra capital. However the design of the central post is now simpler, with the flame palmette taking all the available room. Elephants were later used to adorn the pillar capitals (still with the central palmette design), and lastly,
3673:
To the left of the panel, a royal figure is seated beneath a canopy, holding a female by the hand; in the middle, another female seated on a low stool; to the right, two other figures standing, with a child behind bearing a garland (?). At the back of them is a
3056:
A few of the surfaces of the Southern Gateway are undecorated or lost. Like the other gateways, the Southern Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
1103:
During the later rule of the Shunga, the stupa was expanded with stone slabs to almost twice its original size. The dome was flattened near the top and crowned by three superimposed parasols within a square railing. With its many tiers it was a symbol of the
6196:, riding on lion-like creatures. A conventional method is used to depict the clouds beneath the feet of the gods in the foreground and among the figures in the upper part of the panel. They have the appearance almost of rocks with flames breaking from them.
4599:, and, in front of it, the throne symbolizing the Buddha; while suspended in the air above it is the chahkrama or promenade on which the Buddha used to take his exercise and which here symbolises that he is walking in the air. Above it are celestial beings (
6307:
Architrave posts, or "false capitals", are roughly square-shaped and can be seen at the junction between architrave and pillar, and between the architraves themselves. Here, there are nine of them altogether on just the surface of the front architraves.
3485:. In each of the groups of worshipers is a king with attendant females, the same figures apparently being repeated four times. They probably represent Asoka with his two queens visiting the Deer Park during his pilgrimage to the holy places of Buddhism.
7331:
ornamented with a balustrade in relief are cut entire from a single block of stone. So, too, is the statue which was found lying alongside the capital and which is believed to have belonged to the same pillar. This statue represents a man clad in a
8738:
It is inaccurate to refer to the post-Mauryan monuments at Sanchi as Sunga. Not only was Pusyamitra reputedly animical to Buddhism, but most of the donative inscriptions during this period attest to predominantly collective and nonroyal modes of
1381:
period, as known from inscriptions), following the ground balustrade and stone casing of the Great Stupa (Stupa No 1). The reliefs are dated to circa 115 BCE for the medallions, and 80 BCE for the pillar carvings, slightly before the reliefs of
2799:
11100:
2962:
2996:""Since it is not permitted to make an image of the Buddha's body, I pray that the Buddha will grant that I can make an image of the attendant Bodhisattva. Is that acceptable?" The Buddha answered: "You may make an image of the Bodhisattava""
6712:
The variety and the detail of the pillar panels is much less than at the Great Stupa. Here the first panel shows the adoration of a stupa by four Indian devotees. Then, other devotees simply line up in the second and the third panels below.
6510:
kings seated with their attendants on the folds of seven-hooded Nagas, whose coils mingled with the waters of the river are carried through to the ends of the architrave, and go to form the spirals adorning its extremities. The sea monsters
4556:
and throne, to which devotees are doing obeisance. The figure of the monkey is twice repeated, first with the bowl and then with empty hands after the gift has been made. The incident is portrayed in much the same way on the reliefs of the
2916:
6134:, desiring to possess the mangoes, surrounded the tree with his soldiers, in order to kill the animals, but the Bodhisattva formed a bridge over the stream with his own body and by this means enabled the whole tribe to escape into safety.
7248:
the addition of a wheel at the summit and with certain other variations of detail. For example, the cable necking above the bell-capital, is composed of a series of strands bound together with a riband. Also, the reliefs on the circular
1428:
was the current script) were responsible for the motifs and figures that can be found on the railings of the stupa. Foreigners from Gandhara are otherwise known to have visited the region around the same time: in 115 BCE, the embassy of
572:
5386:. Maya, the queen, is seen lying in a pavilion of the palace, and on her is descending the Bodhisattva in the form of a white elephant. This scene, which was well known to all Buddhists, serves to identify the city here represented as
3712:
The Northern Gateway is the best preserved of all the gateways, and was the second to be erected. The numerous panels relate various events of the life of the Buddha. Only one atypical panel (Right pillar, Inner face/ Top panel) shows
7912:
3715:
3177:
endeavored to gather the eight shares of the relics to divide them up, and distribute them among 84,000 stupas, which he himself erected. He only obtained seven of these portions: he failed to secure the relics of Ramagrama in the
4401:. The Bamboo garden (Venuvana ) at Rajagriha, with the throne of the Buddha in the center and devotees around. The identity of the spot is indicated by the bamboos on either side of the panel. This event refers to a visit of King
3281:
The inscription on the dome of the central stupa reads "L. 1. rano Siri Satakanisa/ L. 2. avesanisa vasithiputasa/ L. 3. Anamdasa danam" ("Gift of Anamda, the son of Vdsithi (Vdsishthi ), the foreman of the artisans (avesanin) of
1901:
1856:
421:, a parasol-like structure symbolising high rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics. The original construction work of this stupa was overseen by Ashoka, whose wife Devi was the daughter of a merchant of nearby
6761:
Worshipping the Bodhi Tree. This classic and rather simply depicted scene is again the unique didactic scene on this face of the pillar. The following panel in only composed of aligned devotee, and at the bottom is a panel with
5223:
This panel is about the victory of the Buddha over the serpent in the fire chapel at Uruvilva. The Buddha obtained the permission of Kasyapa to pass the night in a fire chapel at his hermitage, which was inhabited by a fearsome
4143:, showing the three favourite residences of the Buddha: the Gandhakuti, the Kosambakuti and the Karorikuti, with the throne of the Buddha in the front of each. The Jetavana garden was presented to the Buddha by the rich banker
6017:. The interpretation of the three sorrowing figures standing on three sides of the throne in the foreground is problematical. In the Mahabhinishkramana scene on the East Gateway we have already seen that the artist inserted a
835:... the path is prescribed both for the monks and for the nuns. As long as (my) sons and great-grandsons (shall reign; and) as long as the Moon and the Sun (shall endure), the monk or nun who shall cause divisions in the
7336:
and adorned with bracelets, earrings, bejewelled necklace and headdress. The hair falls in curls over the shoulders and back, and beneath it at the back fall the ends of two ribbons. It is thought that the statue represents
6286:
gateways of the Great Stupa. Indeed, the majority of these reliefs are mere repetitions of the subjects and scenes portrayed on the larger gateways, with a few exceptions, especially the front face of the lowest architrave.
9752:
A reference to a Yona in the Sanchi inscriptions is also of immense value.(...) One of the inscriptions announces the gift of a Setapathia Yona, "Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam" i.e the gift of a Yona, inhabitant of Setapatha.
6260:
gateways that were built at Sanchi. It is located to the immediate south of Stupa No 3, is smaller than the four gateways encircling the Great Stupa. It is also slightly older, and generally dated to the 1st century CE.
3225:
at the extreme right.In the central section are three stupas alternating with four trees with thrones in front of them, adored by figures both human and divine. These represent the six Buddhas of the past (namely :
553:
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between the architraves. When the gateway was restored, the top and the lowest lintels appear to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards.
7845:
The reliefs of Sanchi, especially those depicting Indian cities, have been important in trying to imagine what ancient Indian cities look like. Many modern simulations are based on the urban illustrations of Sanchi.
7936:
The bone relics (asthi avashesh) of Buddhist Masters along with the reliquaries, obtained by Maisey and Cunningham were divided and taken by them to England as personal trophies. Maisey's family sold the objects to
2599:
8997:
Alcock, Susan E.; Alcock, John H. D'Arms Collegiate Professor of Classical Archaeology and Classics and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor Susan E.; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001).
7119:"The glorious Chandragupta (II), (...) who proclaims in the world the good behaviour of the excellent people, namely, the dependents (of the king), and who has acquired banners of victory and fame in many battles"
5679:
This is another portrayal of "The war of the relics" (see Southern Gateway architrave). Here the seven rival claimants, distinguished by their seven royal umbrellas, are advancing with their armies to the city of
6515:) and the heroes wrestling with them, which are portrayed on the false capitals of this architrave, are particularly appropriate in this position, where their coils combine effectively with those of the Nagas.
969:
6066:
7349:
fashioned out of copper gilt, the rest of the statue itself being possibly painted or gilded. This statue stood on the summit of the pillar, and is a work of the Gupta period. The statue is currently in the
5954:
5841:
Syama, the Buddha in a previous life, was the only son of a blind hermit and his wife, whom he supports with devotion. One day, Syama goes to draw water at the river and is shot with an arrow by the King of
3302:
When the gateway was restored, this lintel (together with the bottom one) appears to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards.
3295:
On each of the projecting ends of this lintel is a horse with attendants and royal umbrella, issuing from a city gate. Possibly it is Kanthaka, the horse of Gautama, when he was going forth from the city of
7144:
period (probably first quarter of 5th century CE). It may have been built for Buddhist use (which is not certain), but the type of which it represents a very early version was to become very significant in
4282:
1990:
1983:
gateways were carved and constructed in the manner of wood and the gateways were covered with narrative sculptures. It has also been suggested that the stone reliefs were made by ivory carvers from nearby
1743:; above that, sixteen-sided. In the octagonal portion all the facets are flat, but in the upper section the alternate facets are fluted, the eight other sides being produced by a concave chamfering of the
3362:
When the gateway was restored, this lintel (together with the top one) appears to have been reversed by mistake, since the more important sculptures on them now face the stupa instead of facing outwards.
2819:
429:(ornamental gateways) and a balustrade encircling the entire structure were added. The stupa at Sanchi built during the Mauryan period was made of bricks. The composite flourished until the 11th century.
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2477:
1005:
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fleeing discomfited from the Buddha; to the left, the devas celebrating the victory of the Buddha over the Evil One and exalting his glorious achievements. The temple at Bodh Gaya, which enclosed the
4910:
in order to keep quiet and avoid awakening the guards. The horse is seen progressing from left to right, away from the city, and progressively higher in the air. Siddharta is not visible, but a royal
7781:
of 1817–1819, was the first known Western historian to document in 1818 (in English) the existence of Sanchi Stupa. The site was in a total state of abandon. The Great Stupa was clumsily breached by
8374:
7797:
and treasure hunters ravaged the site until 1881, when proper restoration work was initiated. Between 1912 and 1919 the structures were restored to their present condition under the supervision of
3018:
The Southern Gateway of Stupa No1 is thought to be oldest and main entrance to the stupa. The narrative friezes of this gateway put great emphasis on the relics of the Buddha, and on the role of
6500:
The only scene which differs materially from those on the gateways of the Great Stupa is the one delineated on the front face of the lowest architrave, which appears to represent the Heaven of
3473:
or "Wheel of the Law", the emblem of the Buddha's first sermon. On either side of the wheel are celestial figures with garlands; below them are four groups of worshipers, and below the latter,
923:, the father of Ashoka. The original 3rd century BCE temple was built on a high rectangular stone platform, 26.52×14×3.35 metres, with two flights of stairs to the east and the west. It was an
2859:
5631:, whose chief is here depicted riding on an elephant and bearing the relics into the town of Kusinagara on his own head. The tree behind the throne in front of the city gate appears to be a
3911:
Elephants facing the four directions decorate the top of the gateway pillars and support the architraves. They are gathered around a central pillar of square section decorated with a large
3592:. He is so shocked that he has to be supported by two of his wives. He would thereafter build a temple around the tree, seen in the panel above, and which would become the sacred temple of
3360:
The scene is carried through on to the projecting ends of the architrave, and the seated elephants on the intervening false capitals are clearly intended to be part and parcel of the scene.
6182:. In the center of the panel is the tree and throne of the Buddha, and round about the throne a company of gods standing upon clouds in attitudes of adoration. At the top of the panel are
5557:
Like the other gateways, the Western Gateway is composed of two square pillars surmounted by capitals, which in their turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
3525:. According to Marshall, relating the panel to the next one on the inner face, deities are seen on foot, on horseback and on elephants, hastening to do homage to the Bodhisattva's locks.
1851:. From the 1st century BCE, the highly decorated gateways were built. The balustrade and the gateways were also colored. Later gateways/toranas are generally dated to the 1st century CE.
4574:
2879:
2843:
2316:
The Sanchi pillar capital is keeping the general design, seen at Bharhut a century earlier, of recumbent lions grouped around a central square-section post, with the central design of a
2448:
The southern gate of Stupa No1, thought to be oldest and main entrance to the stupa, has several depictions of the story of the Buddha's relics, starting with the War over the Relics.
2627:, although the historical period seems too early for their presence in Central India, and the two pointed hats seem too short to be Scythian. The official notice at Sanchi describes "
7255:
There has been much confusion about the dating of this pillars, since it was often presented from the beginning as a pillar of Ashoka. Marshall himself describes the pillar as early
6923:
6029:
5896:
5735:
4409:
4373:
2981:
This anoconism is relation to the image of the Buddha could be in conformity with an ancient Buddhist prohibition against showing the Buddha himself in human form, known from the
2389:
7702:
4636:. Positioned as it is, in the inside panel of the gateway, the deity guards the right side of the entrance to the stupa. This Dvarapala is faced by another one on the left side.
4433:. Positioned as it is, in the inside panel of the gateway, the deity guards the left side of the entrance to the stupa. This Dvarapala is faced by another one on the right side.
8875:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, C. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Left Coast Press, 2013
8757:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, C. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Left Coast Press, 2013
7835:
Today, around fifty monuments remain on the hill of Sanchi, including three main stupas and several temples. The monuments have been listed among other famous monuments in the
5267:
and flames blazing upon it. The third phase of the miracle, that of the oblation, is indicated by the single figure of a Brahman holding an oblation spoon over a flaming altar.
8352:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Routledge, 12 Aug 2016
11114:
985:
2408:
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in 1837, noted that most of them ended with the same two Brahmi characters. Princep took them as "danam" (donation), which permitted the decipherment of the Brahmi script.
4796:
The Eastern Gateway describes historical events during the life of the Buddha, as well as several miracles performed by the Buddha. It was the third gateway to be erected.
1510:
10634:"Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD", Julia Shaw, Routledge, 2016
7583:, or the Greek "Yavana" devotees who had dedicatory inscriptions made at Sanchi), but more precise details about exchanges or possible routes of transmission are elusive.
857:
and a crowning ornament of four lions, set back to back, the whole finely finished and polished to a remarkable luster from top to bottom. The abacus is adorned with four
4716:
may be Brahma. At the foot of the ladder the tree and throne are repeated with a trio of devotees on either side, indicating that the Buddha has returned again to earth.
10374:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Routledge, 2016
6268:
6051:. The gods entreating the Buddha to preach. The Buddhist scriptures tell us that after his enlightenment the Buddha hesitated to make known the truth to the world. Then
3726:
3030:
12037:
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5531:
4803:
4358:. A king and his royal cortege issuing from a city. As the panel on this side of the pillar relates particularly to Rajagriha, it is probable that the King is either
4147:, who purchased it for as many gold pieces as would cover the surface of the ground. Hence, the foreground of the relief is shown covered with ancient Indian coins (
3804:
2421:
7406:
7729:
1045:, it is presumed that the stupa may have been vandalized at one point sometime in the 2nd century BCE, an event some have related to the rise of the Shunga emperor
2556:
Ashoka in grief, supported by his two queens, in a relief at Sanchi. Stupa 1, Southern gateway. The identification with Ashoka is confirm by a similar relief from
865:, symbolical perhaps of the flock of the Buddha's disciples. The lions from the summit, though now quite disfigured, still testify to the skills of the sculptors.
7228:. On the northwest side of the lowest section, which is still in situ, is a short mutilated inscription in Gupta characters recording the gift of the pillar by a
656:, a parasol-like structure symbolizing high rank. The original Stupa only had about half the diameter of today's stupa, which is the result of enlargement by the
11141:
10788:
7487:
was the last Buddhist temple built during the mid to late 9th century. Another point to be noted is that at that time the monuments were enclosed within a wall.
6165:
5590:
The architraves are all almost intact, but there are almost no remains of "in the round" decorations around or on top of the lintels. Only remains a fragment of
4174:. Presumably, the long band on top of the heads of devotees is the promenade the Buddha is walking on. The long open pavilion (mandapa) calls to mind the one at
4068:). Round the Buddha is a circle of his followers bringing garlands to the tree or in attitudes of adoration. It was beneath a mango tree that, according to the
3194:
An inscription on the dome of the stupa records that the architrave was the gift of one Balamitra, pupil of "Ayachuda (Arya-Kshudra), the preacher of the Law".
3006:
The gateways depict various scenes of the life of the Buddha, as well as events after his death, in particular the War of the Relics and the efforts of emperor
2040:. Instead the artists chose to represent him by certain attributes, such as the horse on which he left his father's home, his footprints, or a canopy under the
5947:
The lower part of the panel appears to have been cut away, when the gateway was restored by Col. Cole. The panel is shown complete in Maisey's illustration in
1795:
The southern gateway of the Great Stupa (Stupa 1) at Sanchi was, according to an inscription (see arrow), donated under the rule of "King Satakarni", probably
4095:, the Buddha would simply be shown in his human form, rising slightly in the air, with flames springing from his feet and water emanating from his shoulders.
4076:, when he walked in the air, and flames broke from his shoulders and streams of water from his feet. But here there is no definite indication of the miracle.
1840:. This gave the Satavahanas access to the Buddhist site of Sanchi, in which they are credited with the building of the decorated gateways around the original
853:
The pillar, when intact, was about 42 feet in height and consisted of round and slightly tapering monolithic shaft, with bell-shaped capital surmounted by an
7035:. The Satavahanas probably regained the region for some time, but were again replaced by the Western Satraps in the mid-3rd century CE, during the rule of
3965:
as well as intricate vegetal designs. The external face is separated vertically in three bands, the central band consisting in a superposition of numerous
2920:, he walks in the air at the end of the procession, but his presence is only suggested by people turning their heads upward toward the symbol of his path.
2024:
10847:
BUDDHA DISCIPLES WILL BE REBURIED; Relics of Followers of Ancient Leader to Be Reinterred at Rites in India Saturday, THE NEW YORK TIMES, 25 November 1952
3516:
3338:
1739:
The height of the pillar, including the capital, is 15 ft, its diameter at the base 1 ft. 4 in. Up to a height of 4 ft. 6 in. the shaft is
10093:
9768:
9228:"The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE-200 CE" Robin Coningham, Ruth Young Cambridge University Press, 31 aout 2015, p. 414
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6559:
6400:
3875:
3254:. Three are symbolized by their stupas, and four by the trees under which each respectively attained enlightenment. The tree on the extreme right is the
2414:
6706:
5090:
4275:
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rises in the air. The Buddha praised is praised by celestial beings, but only his path is visible in the form of a slab hanging in middle air, called a
1408:
The decorations of Stupa No. 2 have been called "the oldest extensive stupa decoration in existence", and this Stupa is considered as the birthplace of
10683:
Didactic Narration: Jataka Iconography in Dunhuang with a Catalogue of Jataka Representations in China, Alexander Peter Bell, LIT Verlag Münster, 2000
8905:
Didactic Narration: Jataka Iconography in Dunhuang with a Catalogue of Jataka Representations in China, Alexander Peter Bell, LIT Verlag Münster, 2000
8525:
It may be mentioned that the motif of lions carrying a wheel occurs at Sanchis which might be a representation of the Sarnath's Asokan pillar capital .
5937:(partial remain). Only the upper part of this panel remains, but it appears to depict the miraculous crossing of the Ganges by the Buddha when he left
2831:
7554:. Second, another important difference is the treatment of the image of the Buddha: whereas the art of Sanchi, however detailed and sophisticated, is
2908:
In all these scenes, the Buddha is never represented, being absent altogether even from scenes of his life where he is playing a central role: in the
2481:", right after the death of the Buddha, before the War itself. In this relief, the king is seen seated on an elephant, holding the relics on his head.
11527:
7813:
7260:
7176:
5371:
5169:
10825:
Brekke, Torkel, Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology, Numen, Volume 54, Number 3, 2007, pp. 270-303(34)
8008:
An analysis of the donation records shows that while a large fraction of the donors were local (with no town specified), a number of them were from
4029:
1498:
7720:
6042:
3071:
2486:
10731:
The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys Rafi-us Samad, Algora Publishing, 2011
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6313:
6022:
may be a reminder of the Great Renunciation which led to the attainment of Buddhahood, the gateway behind being also a reminder of the gateway of
1563:
12097:
12057:
11269:
6388:
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and the throne of the Buddha, and round them a throng of worshipers, men and women, gods and animals. It is the moment after the discomfiture of
1017:
831:
edicts, which together form the three known instances of Ashoka's "Schism Edict". It relates to the penalties for schism in the Buddhist sangha:
3860:, the Satan of Buddhism, and when he attained to Buddhahood. Human and celestial beings are adoring it. The figure to the left of it is perhaps
2404:
and with his army of demons. Having resisted the temptations of Mara, the Buddha finds enlightenment. Other similar scenes on the same subject:
896:
Sanchi Temple 40 was a 3rd-century BCE temple, one of the first known in India, constructed around the same time as the core of the Great Stupa.
11921:
7259:
in convincing terms, either from the points of view of material, technique or artistry. The Government of India Photo Division describes it in
5407:
5283:
4608:
544:
7558:, the art of Gandhara added illustrations of the Buddha as a man wearing Greek-style clothing to play a central role in its didactic reliefs.
7438:
5207:
1049:
who overtook the Mauryan Empire as an army general. It has been suggested that Pushyamitra may have destroyed the original stupa, and his son
11074:
10949:
Dehejia, Vidya. (1992). Collective and Popular Bases of Early Buddhist Patronage: Sacred Monuments, 100 BC-AD 250. In B. Stoler Miller (ed.)
7266:. The British Library Online also describes it as 3rd century BCE Mauryan, although probably pasting the original text from the 19th century
6127:
5478:
5474:
4543:
4367:
4333:
2355:
Various Jatakas are illustrated. These are Buddhist moral tales relating edifying events of the former lives of the Buddha as he was still a
608:
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thunderbold in the right hand and a halo of 24 rays. The dedication of the Vajrapani pillar is also mentioned in a 5th-century inscription.
5688:
within the city. The princely figures in the corresponding relief at the right end appear to be repetitions of some of the rival claimants.
4246:. The meaning of this scene, which is analogous to several others on the gateways, is not clear. Perhaps, like the scene on the gateways of
3640:. The inscription reads: 'Vedisehi dantakarehi rupadamam katam' meaning "The ivory-carvers from Vidisha have done the carving". Some of the
8723:
Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD
7954:
nationalistic sense, this marked the formal reestablishment of the Buddhist tradition in India. Some of the relics were obtained by Burma.
7531:, which went on to flourish until around the 4th century CE. The art of Sanchi is thus considered as the ancestor of the didactic forms of
7523:
circa 115 BCE, the art of Sanchi thereafter developed considerably in the 1st century BCE/CE and is thought to predate the blooming of the
7382:
7164:-hall temple, again perhaps Buddhist or Hindu, that was rebuilt over an earlier hall. This was probably covered by a wood and thatch roof.
6997:
The rule of the Satavahanas in the area Sanchi during the 1st centuries BCE/CE is well attested by the finds of Satavahana copper coins in
6686:(tectonic deities) supporting the architraves. This choice is similar to the last of the gateways of the Great Stupa, the Western Gateway.
6614:
5761:
5751:
5632:
5482:
3160:
2147:
1172:
808:
8694:
and when precisely the great work of reconstruction was carried out is not known, but it seems probable that the author of the former was
7711:
5908:
5236:
sacrifice. To the left is the Nairanjana river, in which another ascetic is bathing and from which three young novices are drawing water.
5120:
12107:
11352:
11134:
8457:
is an example of such a hemispherical stupa structure from the Maurya period, that was extensively documented through archaeological work
5009:
2928:
2515:, and enshrined into 84,000 stupas. Ashoka obtained the ashes from seven of the guardian kingdoms, but failed to take the ashes from the
1811:
The inscription appears on the relief of a stupa at the center of the top architrave, at the rear. It is written in three lines in early
1232:
839:, shall be compelled to put on white robes and to reside apart. For what is my desire? That the Sangha may be united and may long endure.
10907:
Indian Epigraphy : A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages, Richard Salomon,
6840:
5340:
5315:
4692:, his mother, had been reborn and whither he himself ascended to preach the Law to her. This miracle is supposed to have taken place at
728:
11694:
8291:
7370:
5219:
5195:
4915:
3387:
1369:
indicate that craftsmen from the north-west were responsible for foreign reliefs of Stupa No. 2. This medallion was made circa 115 BCE.
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6783:
5432:
2787:
131:
12092:
11570:
6599:
4652:
524:, the Great Stupa was enlarged and decorated with gates and railings, and smaller stupas were also built in the vicinity, especially
9309:
Presented as a "Mauryan capital, 250 BC" with the addition of recumbent lions at the base, in the page "Types of early capitals" in
5797:
3450:
2591:
As a consequence, Ashoka endeavoured to take care of the Bodhi Tree, and built a temple around it. This temple became the center of
1591:, the disciples of the Buddha are said to have been placed in Stupa No. 3, and relics boxes were excavated tending to confirm this.
98:
12042:
10020:
6587:
6575:
6352:
5684:, the siege of which has not yet begun. The seated chiefly figure at the left end of the architrave may represent the chief of the
3269:
1805:
1759:
leaves falling over the shoulder of the bell. Above this is a circular cable necking, then a second circular necking relieved by a
1736:. That it belongs to about the period of the Sunga, is clear alike from its design and from the character of the surface dressing.
425:. Sanchi was also her birthplace as well as the venue of her and Ashoka's wedding. In the 1st century BCE, four elaborately carved
10936:
A study of inscribed reliefs within the context of donative inscriptions at Sanchi, Author: Milligan, Matthew David, Thesis, p. 77
8427:
World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 p. 50 by Alī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, New York
7289:
3081:
9215:
the "pilaster capitals with Greek florals and a form which is of Greek origin (though generally described as Persian) go back to
7484:
4919:
Siddharta stays in the forest, he is symbolized by the two soles of his feet (extreme right). Siddharta has renounced the world.
3990:. The external face on the right side has the same background decoration, with the three vertical bands and the superposition of
4704:. At the top of the ladder is the tree and throne of the Buddha with the gods on either side in an attitude of adoration. Other
3139:
at or near his capital city, within which the respective portion of the ashes was enshrined. These eight stupas were erected at
1706:
Pillar 25 at Sanchi is also attributed to the Sungas, in the 2nd–1st century BCE, and is considered as similar in design to the
1528:
1323:
12062:
11435:
11289:
11127:
8310:
6981:
6376:
6340:
5110:
Throughout, The Buddha is not visible (aniconism), only represented by a path on the water, and his empty throne bottom right.
5072:
The throne was discovered after excavations near the location of the Bodhi tree in the 19th century, and is now revered at the
1789:
1681:
1588:
437:
7888:
7211:(axis, stubs of the spokes and part of the circumference only), initially located at the Northern Gateway of the Great Stupa.
6364:
6223:, beneath which the Buddha sat shortly after his enlightenment. The figures in the foreground adoring the Buddha appear to be
6009:
The deva with the giant head, riding either on the elephant or on the lion to the right of the panel, is probably meant to be
3135:, his relics were originally divided into eight portions, and shared between eight princes. Each of the princes constructed a
12072:
11778:
11150:
11011:
9470:
8731:
8518:
7153:. The four columns are more traditional, the octagonal shafts rising from square bases to bell capitals, surmounted by large
7124:
7089:
5273:
in the background, decorated with shell designs and surrounded by a square railing, serves to give local color to the scene.
5021:
3494:
12052:
1951:
1675:
3201:
1547:
823:
characters. It is unfortunately much damaged, but the commands it contains appear to be the same as those recorded in the
11405:
11369:
10658:
Reconstructing a Latina Temple Spire: Temple 45, Sanchi, Dissertation submitted to Cardiff University, Fiona Buckee, 2010
8480:
7852:
7267:
4191:
3465:. A Persepolitan column, rising from a stepped base and supporting a wheel with thirty-two spokes and an equal number of
1587:
Stupa No. 3 was built during the time of the Shungas, who also built the railing around it as well as the staircase. The
10563:
9180:
The East: Buddhists, Hindus and the Sons of Heaven, Architecture in context II, Routledge, 2015, by Christopher Tadgell
9098:
World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 by Alī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, 2008
7642:
5449:. Starting from the base they are as follows: (1) The heaven of the Four Great Kings: the Regents of the Four Quarters (
5107:
repeated, now on dry ground and doing homage to the Master (represented by the throne at the right hand, bottom corner).
4725:
2425:
Temptation of the Buddha, with the Buddha on the left (symbolized by his throne only) surrounded by rejoicing devotees,
11914:
11083:
10803:
6215:. The Buddha, represented by his throne, beneath a flowery tree with hills and jungle around. Possibly the tree is the
5877:. The scene depicts the enlightenment (sambodhi ) of the Buddha. In the center is the throne of the Buddha beneath the
5814:
in the foreground. This can be related to the scenes on the North Gateway and on the small gateway of the Third Stupa.
4995:
4475:
10781:
10341:
Buddhist Art in India, Ceylon, and Java, Jean Philippe Vogel, Adriaan Jacob Barnouw, Asian Educational Services, 1936
5604:
5473:
are born before they appear on earth as the saviors of mankind, and where Maitreya now resides; (5) The heaven of the
3566:. Here the sanctity of the tree is indicated by umbrellas and garlands, and on the throne inside the shrine are three
2062:
11039:
10973:
10958:
10892:
10414:
9666:
9616:
9589:
9562:
9080:
9053:
9009:
8803:
8675:
8628:
8601:
8405:
6206:
4496:
2759:
2644:
2511:
According to Buddhist legend, a few centuries later, the relics would be removed from the eight guardian kingdoms by
1259:
1217:
916:
65:
6828:
1393:
Sunga period railings were initially blank (left: Great Stupa), and only started to be decorated circa 115 BCE with
12087:
11390:
10764:
9434:
7542:
As didactic Buddhist reliefs were adopted by Gandhara, the content evolved somewhat together with the emergence of
2810:
2670:(Greek donors) to the construction of Sanchi is known from three inscriptions made by self-declared Yavana donors:
1627:
1520:
671:, Ashoka was closely connected to the region of Sanchi. When he was heir-apparent and was journeying as Viceroy to
3310:
2282:
period. One of the faces shows a galopping horse carrying a rider, while the other face shows an elephant and its
7793:
made the first formal survey and excavations at Sanchi and the surrounding stupas of the region in 1851. Amateur
4165:
2617:
Some of the friezes of Sanchi also show devotees in Greek attire, wearing kilted tunics and some of them a Greek
2494:
1461:. This would indicate that relations had improved at that time, and that people traveled between the two realms.
1373:
The stupas which seem to have been commissioned during the rule of the Shungas are the Second and then the Third
1335:
375:
334:
10856:
Sariputta and Moggallana in the Golden Land: The Relics of the Buddha's Chief Disciples at the Kaba Aye Pagoda,
8001:
inscriptions. Although most of them are small and mention donations, they are of great historical significance.
6989:
Further stupas and other religious Buddhist structures were added over the centuries until the 12th century CE.
4385:
3541:
2564:
1148:
11053:
11025:
10987:
10884:
Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages
8284:
5140:, on a visit to the Buddha, here symbolized by his empty throne. This visit took place after the conversion of
2767:
1184:
10582:
8702:
kings (184-148 BC), who was notorious for his hostility to Buddhism, and that the restoration was affected by
7426:
6885:
6771:
5269:
The other figures in this panel, of two novices bringing wood and provisions, are mere accessories, while the
4233:
3579:
2898:
rises in the air, praised by celestial beings (but only his path, the horizontal slab in the air, is visible).
2552:
11907:
11563:
11324:
11248:
10992:
7806:
7798:
7036:
4526:
3333:
2975:
2443:
2400:
Numerous scene refer to the temptation of the Buddha, when he was confronted with the seductive daughters of
9918:
Rhi, Ju-Hyung (1994). "From Bodhisattva to Buddha: The Beginning of Iconic Representation in Buddhist Art".
8942:
7062:
did not extend to the Sanchi area, and the few Kushan works of art found in Sanchi appear to have come from
6949:
4863:
symbols in the round, symbols of Buddhism (only one of them remains). The lintels have elephants mounted by
4696:(Sankasya). In the center of the relief is the miraculous ladder by which the Buddha descended, attended by
2647:. The musical instruments are also quite characteristic, such as the "thoroughly Greek" double flute called
1639:
1287:
413:
in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the relics of the
295:
11445:
11440:
11194:
11171:
10578:
9694:
These "Greek-looking foreigners" are also described in Susan Huntington, "The art of ancient India", p. 100
7876:
7812:
Since Sanchi remained mostly intact, few artefacts of Sanchi can be found in Western Museums: for example,
7458:
7350:
7309:
7274:
7212:
7137:
6961:
6718:
4317:
3961:. The external side of the left pillar (facing the east) doesn't have narrative reliefs, but only displays
1196:
1160:
1024:
800:
770:
17:
10765:"'Miscellaneous Series. Plate.12. Juma Masjid, Chanderi'. Maisey in a top-hat sketching in the foreground"
9219:."in "The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity" John Boardman, Princeton University Press, 1993, p. 110
8351:
7394:
6730:
6002:, winged creatures, angels and archangels, each urging his comrades on, went up to the Great Being at the
5246:
4906:
and the dancers are sleeping. Siddharta rides his horse Kanthaka, who is being lifted above the ground by
3949:
3861:
1651:
11395:
7900:
5379:
5363:
4689:
3289:). This inscription has been decisive in attributing the construction of the gateways to the time of the
746:
536:
7660:
5864:
5469:, the God of Death, reigns, where there is no change of day or night; (4) The Tushita heaven, where the
4624:
4552:. The offering of a bowl of honey to the Blessed One by a monkey. The Buddha is here represented by his
3737:
2598:
Other versions of the relief depicting the temple for the Bodhi Tree are visible at Sanchi, such as the
1311:
11539:
11502:
11342:
11294:
9524:
Asoka and the Buddha-Relics, T.W. Rhys Davids, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1901, pp. 397-410
9462:
9312:
8648:
8178:
8016:, Kurara, Nadinagar, Mahisati, Kurghara, Bhogavadhan and Kamdagigam. Three inscriptions are known from
7938:
7817:
7669:
7417:
7180:
6641:
6629:
6216:
6023:
5555:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". It is the last of the four gateway to have been constructed.
5387:
5367:
5352:
5302:
5004:. While the Buddha walks in the air, devotees are aligned and look upwards. The Buddha is not visible (
4895:
4814:
4754:
4733:
4582:
4105:
3297:
3148:
2886:
1926:
1244:
48:
7864:
7277:
gives it a date of 600 CE, which would even put it beyond the Gupta period proper, at the time of the
5695:
5524:
The Western Gateway of Stupa 1 is the last of the four gateway of the Great Stupa to have been built.
4533:
on his sword. The top of the panel show celestial divinities celebrating the dedication of the Stupa.
3427:
2754:), also wearing a tunic and a royal headband in the manner of a Greek king, and displaying a Buddhist
432:
Sanchi is the center of a region with a number of stupas, all within a few miles of Sanchi, including
12117:
11700:
8277:
8163:
7146:
6006:'s foot and as they came they shouted for joy that the sage had won; that the Tempter was overthrown.
5501:) in his left. Behind him are his women attendants holding the royal umbrella (muttra) and flywhisk (
4529:, also wearing a tunic and a royal headband in the manner of a Greek king, and displaying a Buddhist
4049:
3420:
3216:
1141:
Undecorated ground railings dated to approximately 150 BCE. Some reliefs on the stairway balustrade.
915:
Another structure which has been dated, at least partially, to the 3rd century BCE, is the so-called
908:
Conjectural reconstruction of the original timber-built Temple 40, burnt down in the 2nd century BCE.
799:
gateway. The bottom part of the pillar still stands. The upper parts of the pillar are at the nearby
5393:
performed on this occasion by walking in mid-air; and, in the extreme left hand bottom corner, is a
2309:
design. Importantly, recumbent animals (lions, symbols of Buddhism) were added, in the style of the
12112:
12082:
12047:
11556:
11379:
11263:
11220:
7790:
7754:
6416:
6320:
5262:
In the relief, this triple miracle is dramatically represented. In the foreground, to the right, a
5144:, which was brought about by a series of miracles, one of which is illustrated in the panel above.
3650:" give an indication of the kind of ivory works that could have influenced the carvings at Sanchi.
3588:. Ashoka is in grief as he saw the pipal tree of the Buddha being neglected by the jealous Empress
2850:
2543:, but he failed, the Nagas being too powerful. Southern gateway, Stupa 1, Southern Gateway, Sanchi.
812:
652:, with a raised terrace encompassing its base, and a railing and stone umbrella on the summit, the
640:
The "Great Stupa" at Sanchi is the oldest structure and was originally commissioned by the emperor
563:
319:
9043:
6880:
guardian deity as seen on the other gateways, or possibly a devotee, as he seems not to be armed.
6766:
guardian deity as seen on the other gateways, or possibly a devotee, as he seems not to be armed.
3814:
3562:
beneath which the Buddha had attained enlightenment) was erected by Asoka himself. This Temple is
3243:
2044:
at the point of his enlightenment. The human body was thought to be too confining for the Buddha.
1663:
1275:
596:
11873:
11465:
11314:
11166:
10908:
9249:
8941:
An Indian Statuette From Pompeii, Mirella Levi D'Ancona, in Artibus Asiae, Vol. 13, No. 3 (1950)
8125:
7778:
7264:
7082:
in the year 412-423 CE can be found on the railing near the Eastern Gateway of the Great Stupa.
4964:
holding a Buddhist banner. They are gathered around a pillar of square section, decorated with a
4449:
2248:
1913:
1086:. The Sungas nearly doubled the diameter of the initial stupa, encasing it in stone, and built a
684:
10869:
10080:
Interpretation in "Ashoka in Ancient India", by Nayanjot Lahiri, Harvard University Press, 2015
7633:
6547:
5358:
3902:
3097:
2527:
2198:(2nd century BCE), and the pillar capitals of the Satavahanas at Sanchi (1st centuries BCE/CE).
1299:
12067:
11878:
11517:
11258:
10924:
8376:
Rs 50, Rs 200, Rs 500 and Rs 2000 notes images: Here are the new currency notes released by RBI
7782:
7750:
7324:
7111:
6985:
Stupas and monasteries at Sanchi in the early centuries of the Common Era. Reconstruction, 1900
6866:
6752:
5591:
4779:
4036:
3892:
2167:
1922:
750:
738:
10882:
10747:
10696:
10623:
10465:
10430:
Kuraishi, Mohammad Hamid; Kak, Ram Chandra; Chanda, Ramaprasad; Marshall, John Hubert (1922).
10387:
10081:
9844:
9730:
9656:
9635:
9579:
9552:
9361:
9229:
9193:
9153:
9111:
9070:
8999:
8930:
8918:
8891:
8853:
8782:
8665:
8618:
8540:
6535:
5843:
5255:. This is a depicting of the miracles of the wood, the fire and the offering. In the story of
3667:
2001:
679:(10 kilometers from Sanchi), and there married the daughter of a local banker. She was called
12077:
10732:
10708:
10684:
10669:
10635:
10611:
10375:
10354:
10342:
9805:
9606:
9536:
9501:
9373:
9340:
9328:
9275:
9204:
9192:
A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture by Deborah S. Hutton, John Wiley & Sons, 2015,
9181:
9099:
8906:
8876:
8826:
8758:
8721:
8591:
8428:
8395:
7941:
where they stayed for a long time. The Buddhists in England, Sri Lanka and India, led by the
7761:
7651:
7294:
7249:
7235:
7154:
7040:
6449:
Genies among foliage forming scrolls. This kind of scrolls are generally considered to be of
5973:
5830:
5711:
This scene extends over the three sections of the architrave, In the center is the temple of
4877:
3750:, surrounding Stupa 1, the "Great Stupa". The Northern Gateway was the second to be erected.
2932:
2903:
2636:
2609:
2588:
was not properly being taken care of and dying out due to the neglect of Queen Tiṣyarakṣitā.
2037:
1597:
The single torana gateway oriented to the south is not Shunga, and was built later under the
854:
758:
719:
680:
540:
464:
183:
10720:
10668:
Ornament in Indian Architecture, Margaret Prosser Allen, University of Delaware Press, 1991
10194:
8363:
7495:
were still standing, and Sanchi, being situated on a hill, had escaped the onslaught of the
7263:
as "An Asoka pillar and its broken lion capital near the south gateway of the Great Stupa."
7039:(255-278 CE). The Western Satraps remained well into the 4th century as shown by the nearby
5581:
4607:
with attendants, one of whom is holding the royal umbrella. The reason for the banyan tree (
4421:
3969:(nine in total), and the two external bands consisting in a superposition of hooks holdings
3939:
3377:
12102:
11347:
10857:
10786:
Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing (1918). pp. 7-29 on line, Project South Asia.
10719:
The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development, Yuvraj Krishan, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996
10707:
The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development, Yuvraj Krishan, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996
10193:
The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development, Yuvraj Krishan, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996
9126:
Mālwa in Post-Maurya Period: A Critical Study with Special Emphasis on Numismatic Evidences
8825:
Ornament in Indian Architecture Margaret Prosser Allen, University of Delaware Press, 1991
7839:
7825:
7786:
6491:
6078:
5445:) or "Kamavachara heavens", in which the passions are still unsubdued, an integral part of
4954:
4659:
4041:
3856:(Vajrasana) of the Buddha, whereon he sat when he withstood the temptations and threats of
2960:
Otherwise, the presence of the Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne, as in the scene of
2229:
2133:
943:
11290:
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
9372:
A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set), Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2003
9296:
6809:
5646:
4928:
1966:
8:
11400:
11357:
11319:
8929:
Ancient Indian History and Civilization, Sailendra Nath Sen, New Age International, 1999
8052:
8043:
7551:
7278:
7085:
4960:
The pillars of the Eastern Gateway feature elephants in the four direction, conducted by
2202:
2179:
2119:
2069:
1420:
script. This seems to imply that foreign workers from the north-west (from the region of
1063:
The style of the Shunga period decorations at Sanchi bear a close similarity to those of
992:
402:
279:
10437:
6468:
5462:
1613:
503:
The monuments at Sanchi today comprise a series of Buddhist monuments starting from the
10567:
10068:
9935:
9682:
9243:
8695:
8667:
India: An Archaeological History: Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early Historic Foundations
8568:
8467:
8442:
7918:
A vision of ancient Indian court life, using motifs from Sanchi (wood engraving, 1878).
7680:
7524:
6454:
5446:
5232:
reporting to him the miracle; and near by is a small fire altar and the instruments of
4664:
4558:
4491:
These have been called "Greek-looking foreigners" wearing Greek clothing complete with
4287:
4088:
3962:
3865:
2967:
2963:
Bimbisara with his royal cortege issuing from the city of Rajagriha to visit the Buddha
1356:
1046:
648:
in the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a hemispherical brick structure built over the
401:
at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important monument of
11109:
10646:
10598:
10521:
10477:
10451:
10329:
10295:
10280:
10268:
10236:
10223:
10182:
10155:
10137:
10105:
10006:
9986:
9953:
9906:
9895:
9880:
9829:
9817:
9780:
9486:
9412:
9400:
9388:
9028:
8981:
8966:
8954:
8552:
8495:
7977:
6431:
4938:, under foliage and hanging in front of an elephant, on the side.of the East Gateway.
4708:
attend on him as he descends, among whom the one to the right of the ladder holding a
3235:
1078:
1053:
rebuilt it. The original brick stupa was covered with stone during the Shunga period.
584:
543:
in India, from the early stages of Buddhism and its first artistic expression, to the
11253:
11215:
11049:
11035:
11021:
11007:
10983:
10969:
10954:
10888:
10814:
10410:
9801:
9662:
9612:
9585:
9581:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
9558:
9466:
9269:
9076:
9049:
9005:
8799:
8727:
8671:
8624:
8597:
8514:
8401:
8248:
8238:
8228:
7942:
7769:
7543:
7520:
4911:
4316:. In the upper part of the panel is an artificial cave resembling in its facade many
3397:
3290:
3239:
2729:
2310:
1825:
1707:
1594:
The reliefs on the railings are said to be slightly later than those of Stupa No. 2.
1465:
1454:
1401:
1394:
1113:
1011:
Remains of the shaft of the pillar of Ashoka, under a shed near the Southern Gateway.
976:
792:
700:
653:
525:
521:
513:
418:
7985:
form the word "dǎnam" (donation). This hypothesis permitted the decipherment of the
7301:
3227:
2080:
1698:
11888:
11495:
11200:
10752:. Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. 1851. pp. 108–109.
10541:
9927:
9110:
In the Realm of Gods and Kings by Andrew Topsfield, Philip Wilson Publishers, 2014
8849:
6512:
5454:
5073:
4080:
3999:
3974:
3682:'s window with an umbrella on either side. The meaning of this scene is uncertain.
2825:
Foreigners holding grapes and riding winged lions, Sanchi Stupa 1, Eastern Gateway.
2581:
2298:
2237:
2206:
1109:
1068:
949:
927:
hall, probably made of timber. It was burnt down sometime in the 2nd century BCE.
410:
10406:
9653:"Musicians generally described as "Greeks" from the eastern gateway at Sanchi" in
9525:
7515:
Although the initial craftsmen for stone reliefs in Sanchi seem to have come from
7160:
Next to Temple 17 stands Temple 18, the framework of a mostly 7th-century apsidal
7043:
mentioning the construction of a well by the Saka chief and "righteous conqueror"
4346:
2471:
Other narrative panels related to the War over the Buddha's Relics at Sanchi are:
11579:
11455:
11306:
11104:
11098:"Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh)", Jacques-Edouard Berger Foundation, World Art Treasures
11087:
10792:
9867:"The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity, John Boardman, 1993, p. 112 Note 91
9745:
9456:
9290:
9124:
8508:
8397:
Buddhist Circuit in Central India: Sanchi, Satdhara, Sonari, Andher, Travel Guide
8233:
8148:
7221:
7079:
7020:
6930:
6450:
6224:
6110:
5811:
5656:
4705:
4308:
3646:
2865:
Foreigners on horses, wearing headbands, caps and boots. Western gate of Stupa 1.
2368:
2255:
2086:
1957:
1570:
371:
220:
198:
31:
11119:
8362:
Buddhist Circuit in Central India: Sanchi, Satdhara, Sonari, Andher, Travel ...
6279:
4859:
The architraves are all almost intact. They were crowned by two large decorated
3767:
3231:
2258:
is a pillar capital discovered in the archaeological excavations at the ancient
2036:
On these stone carvings the Buddha was never depicted as a human figure, due to
11984:
11899:
11832:
11617:
11485:
11385:
11243:
10431:
10314:
9452:
9216:
8690:"Who was responsible for the wanton destruction of the original brick stupa of
8315:
7971:
7829:
7794:
7204:
7044:
7017:
6673:
6118:
was born as a monkey, ruler over 80,000 monkeys. They lived at a spot near the
5061:
5033:
4965:
4891:
4295:
3991:
3966:
3912:
3853:
3819:
3786:
The architraves are all almost intact. They are crowned by two large decorated
3746:. The Northern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
3675:
3641:
3251:
3247:
3050:. The Southern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
2744:
2317:
2275:
2245:
2233:
2183:
2055:
Evolution of the Indian load-bearing pillar capital, down to 1st century Sanchi
1841:
1223:
1132:
953:
858:
762:
441:
414:
391:
379:
202:
9339:
Early Byzantine Churches in Macedonia & Southern Serbia by R.F. Hoddinott
7785:
in 1822, although he was not able to reach the center, and he then abandoned.
7195:
7013:, as well as the Satakarni inscription on the Southern Gateway of Stupa No.1.
6663:
5551:. The Western Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
4823:. The Eastern Gateway of Stupa 1 is one of the four richly carved gateways or
1361:
12031:
12014:
11522:
11412:
11158:
9843:
Faces of Power: Alexander's Image and Hellenistic Politics by Andrew Stewart
8699:
8454:
8320:
8183:
8153:
8002:
7990:
7950:
7059:
6137:
5685:
5661:
5624:
5615:
5505:). In the bay to his right, seated on a slightly lower seat, is his viceroy (
5458:
4713:
4500:
4329:
4325:
4144:
3355:
3179:
2686:, a place where other dedications by Yavanas are known, in cave No.17 of the
2557:
2465:
2452:
2302:
2218:
2214:
2047:
1861:
1837:
1812:
1538:
1057:
645:
517:
504:
445:
406:
349:
336:
11080:
11018:
The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu
6301:
5846:, who is out hunting. Owing to the king's penitence and his parents' sorrow
4458:. Probably the dedication of a stupa, but it might also refer to the death (
2682:
of Setapatha"), Setapatha being an uncertain city, possibly a location near
12004:
11801:
11786:
11688:
11606:
11598:
11475:
11460:
11430:
11274:
11210:
10657:
10545:
10400:
8263:
8173:
8143:
7547:
7532:
7321:
7256:
7240:
7208:
7141:
7101:
7028:
6847:
6523:
5995:
5981:
5890:
5852:
5837:
5720:
5706:
5623:. After the death of the Buddha his relics were taken possession of by the
5486:
5470:
5028:
4685:
4676:
4512:
3978:
3857:
3839:
3791:
3619:
3477:, to indicate the spot where the first sermon was preached, namely, in the
3470:
3286:
3274:
2991:
2983:
2656:
2619:
2584:. However Ashoka was profoundly grieved when he discovered that the sacred
2468:, which has been relied on for the understanding of ancient Indian cities.
2426:
2401:
2360:
2350:
2294:
2290:
2279:
2221:
2191:
1918:
1869:
1829:
1796:
1756:
1752:
1108:, the Wheel of the Law. The dome was set on a high circular drum meant for
1042:
804:
774:
710:
535:
period and later. Altogether, Sanchi encompasses most of the evolutions of
532:
508:
449:
363:
9858:"The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity", John Boardman, 1993, p. 112
9800:
The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics, and Archaeology,
7962:
7745:
7078:
The next rulers of the area were the Guptas. Inscriptions of a victorious
4123:
2631:". The men are depicted with short curly hair, often held together with a
624:
11512:
11490:
11480:
11334:
11230:
8213:
8208:
7454:
7150:
6820:
6566:
6407:
6173:
6115:
5681:
5674:
5665:
5636:
5628:
5619:
5571:
5394:
5383:
4596:
4516:
4459:
4363:
3627:
3613:
3589:
3351:
3343:
3259:
2725:
2691:
2687:
2512:
2478:
The King of the Mallakas bringing the relics of the Buddha to Kushinagara
2439:
2356:
2337:
2267:
2241:
2187:
2175:
2100:
1930:
1723:
1598:
1446:
1438:
931:
re-using some of the pillars and putting them in their present position.
816:
688:
649:
566:, 1851 (The Great Stupa on top of the hill, and Stupa 2 at the forefront)
367:
194:
10782:
John Marshall, "An Historical and Artistic Description of Sanchi", from
9634:
Ashoka in Ancient India Nayanjot Lahiri, Harvard University Press, 2015
9360:
Age of the Nandas and Mauryas by Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri
8593:
The Idea of Ancient India: Essays on Religion, Politics, and Archaeology
5542:
5485:
gods, who indulge in pleasures created for them by others and over whom
5153:(This face is concerned with the miracles by which Buddha converted the
3790:
symbols in the round, symbols of Buddhism, as well as the remnants of a
2293:
period, also incorporates many of these characteristics, with a central
1458:
1389:
660:. It was covered in brick, in contrast to the stones that now cover it.
11842:
11796:
11663:
11655:
11422:
11374:
11186:
9939:
9854:
9852:
8339:
8253:
8082:
8021:
7928:
7566:
7562:
7104:
7066:. In particular, a few Mathura statues in the name of the Kushan ruler
6482:
6257:
6183:
6123:
6067:
The Buddha is Prepared to Preach the Doctrine (in "The Life of Buddha")
6003:
5991:
5915:
5882:
5878:
5724:
5716:
5348:
5323:
5098:
5053:
5042:
4604:
4587:
4553:
4213:
4199:
4148:
4057:
3845:
3618:. In the lowest panel of the inner face is a company of deities in the
3563:
3559:
3555:
3396:
The pillars of the Southern Gateway feature lions in the manner of the
3255:
3222:
2946:
2891:
2721:
2717:
2585:
2577:
2499:
2461:
2456:
2364:
2289:
The pillar capital in Bharhut, dated to the 2nd century BCE during the
2041:
1865:
1774:
1768:
1719:
1715:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1413:
1378:
1091:
1087:
778:
531:
Simultaneously, various temple structures were also built, down to the
487:
and Rani Kamlapati to Sanchi railway station. Buses are available from
3632:
This particular relief was dedicated by the Guild of Ivory Carvers of
3605:
1921:, who ruled in 50-25 BCE. Another early Satavahana monument is known,
902:
12009:
11883:
11847:
11837:
11791:
11682:
11674:
11644:
11636:
11470:
11450:
11284:
11238:
9713:
9711:
8703:
8218:
8193:
8120:
8077:
7946:
7413:
7338:
7305:
7172:
7168:
7010:
6904:
6877:
6790:
6763:
6220:
6149:
6084:
6060:
5938:
5929:
5712:
5413:
5289:
5137:
5131:
5127:
5077:
5066:
5057:
5046:
5005:
4899:
4860:
4631:
4612:
4600:
4469:
4456:
Foreigners making a dedication to Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa
4428:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4359:
4354:
4312:
4263:
4084:
4065:
4003:
3982:
3849:
3823:
3787:
3753:
turn support a superstructure of three architraves with volute ends.
3593:
3549:
3185:, in face of the resolute opposition of their devoted guardians, the
3156:
3152:
3140:
3121:
3112:
2592:
2573:
2536:
2520:
1933:, which is much less developed artistically than the Sanchi toranas.
1909:
1740:
1484:
1377:(but not the highly decorated gateways, which are from the following
1366:
1072:
1050:
920:
869:
668:
664:
453:
452:(10 km SW of Sanchi). Further south, about 100 km away, is
308:
10535:
9931:
9849:
7464:
3794:(Wheel of the Law) at the center. The lintels have seated lions and
3716:
Foreigners making a dedication at the Southern Gateway of Stupa No 1
3400:. They are the only pillar capitals of the Sanchi complex to do so.
1908:
There are some uncertainties about the date and the identity of the
1892:"Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of
819:
from the Gupta period. The Ashokan inscription is engraved in early
773:. To the right: depiction of the four lions capital surmounted by a
386:, district headquarter and 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-east of
11962:
11816:
11763:
11755:
11279:
8258:
8223:
8115:
7684:
7647:
The Buddha, under the umbrella on the chariot, is not illustrated.
7555:
7528:
7516:
7491:
7107:
7096:
7067:
7032:
7024:
6458:
5987:
5955:
The Buddha Instructs the Monks of Vaisali (in "The Life of Buddha")
5450:
5442:
5382:, the mother of the Buddha, otherwise called the conception of the
4969:
4935:
4868:
4850:
4693:
4680:
4668:
4562:
4530:
4291:
4221:
4207:
4175:
4140:
4136:
4116:
4112:
4092:
4073:
4017:
3916:
3869:
3795:
3777:
3567:
3466:
3318:
3168:
2971:
2755:
2632:
2429:
and his daughters (center), and the demons of Mara fleeing (right).
2306:
2271:
2259:
1771:
in relief. The crowning feature, probably a lion, has disappeared.
1488:
1476:
1421:
890:
828:
433:
11548:
9708:
8479:
Reconstitution with four lions and crowning wheel by Percy Brown:
7777:
General Henry Taylor (1784–1876) who was a British officer in the
6441:
6103:
4052:(also called Mango Tree Miracle, when the Buddha walks in the air)
3173:
About two centuries later, in order to spread the Buddhist faith,
2613:
Foreign devotees and musicians on the Northern Gateway of Stupa I.
2274:. It has been variously dated from the 3rd century BCE during the
1988:, and an inscription on the Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa ("
979:
in polished stone (right of the Southern Gateway), with its Edict.
448:(respectively 11 km and 17 km SE of Sanchi), as well as
444:(also called Morel Khurd, a fortified hilltop with 60 stupas) and
11857:
11811:
11744:
11736:
11625:
11205:
10749:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
10695:
Asoka, Mookerji Radhakumud, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1962
8305:
8203:
8198:
8188:
8168:
8158:
8092:
8087:
8013:
7570:
7536:
7535:
that would follow, such as the art of Gandhara. It is also, with
7500:
7469:
7200:
7161:
7063:
6998:
6620:
6478:
6236:
6177:
6142:
6131:
5942:
5933:
5719:
and the throne of the Buddha within; to the right, the armies of
5506:
5263:
5256:
5157:
5154:
5141:
5103:
4767:
4762:
4603:) with garlands in their hands. To the right of the tree is King
4522:
4321:
4179:
4152:
4128:
3995:
3970:
3679:
3637:
3633:
3482:
3478:
3461:
3263:
3144:
2740:
2733:
2663:
2321:
2263:
2195:
2106:
2091:
2014:
1995:
1985:
1748:
1727:
1554:
1534:
1516:
1450:
1383:
1266:
1250:
1064:
924:
824:
803:. The capital consists in four lions, which probably supported a
754:
745:, as discovered (left), and simulation of original appearance by
676:
632:
492:
457:
422:
10436:. Calcutta, Superintendent Government Printing, India. pp.
9658:
The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks
8996:
7510:
6507:
5999:
5886:
5872:
5225:
5215:
3342:
This Sanchi relief permitted this reconstruction of the city of
3186:
3125:
2568:
Bodhi tree temple depicted in Sanchi, Stupa 1, Southern gateway.
2540:
2516:
2029:
meaning "The ivory-workers from Vidisha have done the carving".
1386:
for the earliest, with some reworks down to the 1st century CE.
11852:
11719:
11711:
11507:
11069:
10982:, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art,
10537:
Report of Tours in Bundelkhand and Malwa in 1874-75 and 1876-77
8691:
8110:
8062:
8017:
8009:
7998:
7986:
7982:
7967:
7836:
7821:
7561:
The presence of Greeks at or near Sanchi at the time is known (
7504:
7496:
7477:
7473:
7328:
7225:
7184:
7133:
7002:
6935:
6683:
6193:
6119:
6052:
6018:
6014:
5925:
5771:
5728:
5595:
5552:
5502:
5498:
5191:
5181:
4961:
4907:
4903:
4864:
4824:
4742:
Siddhartha Leaves His Father's Palace (in "The Life of Buddha")
4709:
4697:
4591:
4508:
4480:
4217:
4203:
4061:
3747:
3502:
3457:
3132:
3117:
3108:
3051:
3019:
3007:
2986:
2950:
2895:
2806:
2763:
2652:
2580:
under which the Buddha had his enlightenment, as described his
2532:
2379:
Numerous miracles made by the Buddha are recorded. Among them:
2283:
2225:
2171:
2154:
1980:
1868:
of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana king
1764:
1442:
1417:
1409:
1105:
1083:
996:
873:
845:
836:
820:
796:
742:
672:
657:
641:
488:
484:
480:
426:
387:
383:
10433:
Catalogue of the Museum of Archaeology at Sanchi, Bhopal State
4867:, and a single seated lion, at their ends. A single remaining
4840:
2978:
detailed every panel in his seminal work "A Guide to Sanchi".
636:
Plan of the monuments of the hill of Sanchi, numbered 1 to 50.
11364:
9327:
Early Buddhist Narrative Art by Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky
9205:"Buddhist Architecture" by Huu Phuoc Le Grafikol, 2010, p. 44
7342:
7341:. The attribution to Vajrapani is indicated by the stub of a
7333:
6605:
6501:
6189:
6056:
6010:
5847:
5807:
5494:
5270:
5233:
5187:
5177:
4701:
4504:
4492:
4484:
4304:
4249:
4241:
3623:
3182:
3174:
3136:
3041:
2683:
2667:
2648:
2640:
2624:
2547:
2210:
1848:
1845:
1833:
1744:
1504:
Foreigner on a horse. The medallions are dated circa 115 BCE.
1412:
illustrations. The reliefs at Stupa No.2 bear mason marks in
1374:
1056:
Given the rather decentralized and fragmentary nature of the
862:
782:
766:
398:
238:
206:
172:
8710:
p. 38. Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing (1918).
5731:. Its portrayal in this scene, therefore, is an anachronism.
5136:. Bimbisara with his royal cortege issuing from the city of
3507:. The Emperor Asoka in his chariot with his retinue around.
2923:
2708:
The third inscription, on two adjacent pavement slabs reads
872:
out of which the pillar is carved came from the quarries of
578:
The Great Stupa (Stupa No.1), started in the 3rd century BCE
483:
which is 55 km away from it. Trains are available from
9661:. Princeton University Press. pp. 441–444, Fig. 15.6.
9546:
9544:
8580:
Buddhist Architecture, Lee Huu Phuoc, Grafikol 2009, p. 147
8029:
7923:
7581:
foreigners illustrated at Sanchi worshiping the Great Stupa
7006:
5635:( shorea robusta ), and to refer to the fact that Buddha's
5466:
4871:(top right corner) suggests that many more have been lost.
4069:
3474:
3283:
3164:
2702:
2679:
2011:𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺𑀲𑀓𑁂𑀨𑀺 𑀤𑀁𑀢𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀨𑀺 𑀭𑀼𑀧𑀓𑀁𑀫𑀁 𑀓𑀢𑀁
1893:
1760:
1519:
with lotus and two child attendants, probably derived from
1123:
Great Stupa (No1). Shunga period structures and decorations
11004:
The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms
7239:
Pillar 26: lion pillar capital at time of discovery, with
4550:
Offering of a bowl of honey to the Blessed One by a monkey
3266:
Buddha. The identification of the others is less certain.
2332:
2048:
Architecture: evolution of the load-bearing pillar capital
1350:
440:, now enshrined in the new Vihara, were unearthed there),
10429:
7981:
The last two letters to the right of this inscription in
4044:
performing the Miracle of Sravasti, Gandhara, 100-200 CE.
3981:
on their sole. The pillar face is crowned by a decorated
3852:
with an umbrella and streamers above, and, in front, the
3626:
held sway, rejoicing over and worshiping the hair of the
11046:
The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain
9541:
9506:
8490:
8488:
5594:
with a base composed of lions, at the center top of the
5477:, who create their own pleasures; (6) The heaven of the
4410:
The Buddha at the Bamboo Grove (in "The Life of Buddha")
4212:. A royal procession issuing from a city gate, probably
2914:
he is just represented by his path on the water; in the
10028:
Ancient Nepal: Journal of the Department of Archaeology
9755:
The word Yona can't be here anything, but a Greek donor
6030:
Siddhartha Becomes the Buddha (in "The Life of Buddha")
5897:
Siddhartha Becomes the Buddha (in "The Life of Buddha")
5736:
Siddhartha Becomes the Buddha (in "The Life of Buddha")
5052:
The illumination of the Buddha occurred here under the
4374:
Siddhartha and King Bimbasara (in "The Life of Buddha")
4155:, where the details of the coins are more in evidence.
948:
Approximate reconstitution of the Great Stupa with its
516:. During the following centuries, especially under the
471:
to signify its importance to Indian cultural heritage.
10860:, Journal of Burma Studies, Volume 4, 1999 pp. 101-128
10353:
The Goose in Indian Literature and Art, Brill Archive
7945:
demanded that they be returned. Some of the relics of
7293:
Pillar 35 column stump (right), and bell capital with
6819:
not have decoration on the back. The top panel is the
6186:
bringing garlands and below them, on each side of the
5012:) is, separating the panel horizontally in two parts.
4336:
who accompanied him, it is not possible to determine.
4119:, showing the three preferred residences of the Buddha
2236:, which is the main motif. These are quite similar to
2205:(3rd century BCE) is decorated with rows of repeating
1902:
Inscription of the Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa
11092:
10540:. Archaeological Survey of India. p. Plate XXI.
9142:
Indian and Foreign Review – Volume 23 – Page 58, 1985
8485:
6506:
Then, in the corners next to the false capitals, are
5990:) of the Buddha. Towards the top of the panel is the
5889:
and Nagis celebrating the victory of the Buddha over
4521:
Another rather similar foreigner is also depicted in
4016:(Most of the scenes on this face appear to relate to
3221:
Six Buddhas of the past and Gautama Buddha, with his
2911:
Miracle of the Buddha walking on the river Nairanjana
2805:
Detail of the foreigners, in Greek dress and playing
2739:
Another rather similar foreigner is also depicted in
2460:
of the Satavahanas, as well as a view of the city of
2240:
designs, and the capital has been described as quasi-
1912:
in question, as a king Satakarni is mentioned in the
256:
16.46 m (54.0 ft) (dome of the Great Stupa)
11513:
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat
11048:, 1967 (3rd edn.), Pelican History of Art, Penguin,
10461:
10459:
10167:
Susan Huntington, "The art of ancient India", p. 100
9750:. Indian Archaeological Society. 1975. p. 188.
9351:
India Archaeological Report, Cunningham, pp. 185-196
8917:
Buddhist Architecture, Huu Phuoc Le, Grafikol, 2010
7461:, Buddhist artistic creation at Sanchi slowed down.
7232:(master of a monastery), the son of Gotaisimhabala.
6876:
aligned devotees, and at the bottom is a panel with
2974:, but this time with representations of the Buddha.
2170:
of various areas of northern India from the time of
1775:
Satavahana period (1st century BCE – 1st century CE)
463:
Sanchi Stupa is depicted on the reverse side of the
11058:
Life in Sanchi sculpture by A. L Srivastava( Book )
10980:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
10834:"Ceylon Allowed To Keep Sanchi Relics Till May 8",
9875:
9873:
9245:
Archaeological Survey Of India Annual Report 1906-7
8032:of Setapatha"), Setapatha being an uncertain city.
5497:) in his right hand and a flask containing nectar (
4766:: This panel may represent the Buddha teaching the
2166:Similarities have been found in the designs of the
619:
269:
36.6 m (120 ft) (dome of the Great Stupa)
9001:Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History
8642:
8640:
7997:Sanchi, especially Stupa 1, has a large number of
6256:The gateway of Stupa No 3, is the last of all the
2506:
2498:War over the Buddha's Relics, kept by the city of
1994:") was dedicated by the Guild of Ivory Carvers of
1487:point to craftsmen from the north-west (region of
1139:(Stupa expansion and balustrades only are Shunga).
1036:
791:A pillar of finely polished sandstone, one of the
12038:3rd-century BC religious buildings and structures
11528:Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai
11149:
11081:Source Documents and Texts in South Asian Studies
10456:
9685:, published by Ramanand Vidya Bhawan, 1991, p. 12
8510:Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
8024:) donors at Sanchi, the clearest of which reads "
5536:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi, 1st century BCE/CE.)
5301:(This face of the pillar is devoted to scenes at
4808:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. 1st century BCE/CE.)
4252:(nandana), where pleasure and passion held sway.
3842:and his daughters, and the demons of Mara fleeing
2837:Foreign horseriders, Southern Gateway of Stupa 3.
1944:From ivory to stone carving under the Satavahanas
1936:
1763:and lozenge pattern, and, finally, a deep square
1453:is recorded, in which Heliodorus established the
861:designs separated one from the other by pairs of
382:, India. It is located, about 23 kilometers from
12029:
11929:
11386:Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana
10488:Rowland, 219-220; Harle, 111; Michell (1988), 94
9870:
9271:Sarnath : Archaeology, Art and Architecture
8423:
8421:
8419:
8417:
7499:conquerors who had destroyed the nearby city of
7167:Near the Northwern Gateway also used to stand a
5881:, which is being garlanded by divine musicians (
5130:with his royal cortege issuing from the city of
3258:of Gautama Buddha and the one next to it is the
2732:, around 5 miles from Sanchi, in the village of
2701:, with probably the same meaning, ("Gift of the
2697:A second similar inscription on a pillar reads:
11270:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
11249:Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
10593:
10591:
10589:
10516:
10514:
10512:
10324:
10322:
10263:
10261:
10259:
10257:
10255:
10253:
10251:
10249:
10247:
10245:
10218:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10210:
10208:
10206:
10204:
10202:
10177:
10175:
10173:
10150:
10148:
10146:
10132:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10122:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10114:
9981:
8706:or his immediate successor." in John Marshall,
8637:
7585:
7453:Following the destruction of the Guptas by the
7355:
6453:origin, and were to be used extensively in the
6263:
5774:(tectonic deities) supporting the architraves.
5526:
4798:
3721:
3025:
2793:Foreigner on a horse, circa 115 BCE, Stupa No2.
2772:
2433:
1702:Sunga pillar No25 with own capital on the side.
1463:
1118:
1067:, as well as the peripheral balustrades at the
933:
809:by later illustrations among the Sanchi reliefs
53:The Great Stupa at Sanchi, Raisen district, MP.
10622:Malwa Through The Ages, by Kailash Chand Jain
10063:
10061:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10001:
9999:
9997:
9995:
9979:
9977:
9975:
9973:
9971:
9969:
9967:
9965:
9963:
9961:
8976:
8974:
8563:
8561:
7765:Ruins of the Southern Gateway, Sanchi in 1875.
7031:(130-150 CE), as shown by his inscriptions in
6682:The pillar capitals consist in groups of four
5770:The pillar capitals consist in groups of four
4468:The relief shows 18 of these foreigners and 4
3998:, but lacks the bottom and top symbols of the
3915:design. The capitals are flanked by a dancing
3731:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. 1st century BCE.)
3128:, but he failed, the Nagas being too powerful.
3035:("Great Stupa" No1, Sanchi. 1st century BCE.)
2917:Procession of king Suddhodana from Kapilavastu
2190:(3rd century BCE), the pillar capitals at the
1605:Stupa No. 3. Shunga structures and decorations
507:period (3rd century BCE), continuing with the
436:(9 km to the W of Sanchi, 40 stupas, the
366:, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at
11915:
11564:
11135:
9138:
9136:
8437:
8435:
8414:
8285:
7674:The Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne.
7665:The Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne.
7656:The Buddha is symbolized by an empty throne.
7590:Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara
7511:Sanchi and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara
5102:. The Nairanjana river is shown in flood and
5002:The Miracle of Walking in the air at Savrasti
4072:texts, Buddha performed the great miracle at
2327:
683:and later gave Ashoka two sons, Ujjeniya and
10586:
10509:
10466:2500 Years of Buddhism by P.V. Bapat, p. 283
10319:
10242:
10199:
10170:
10143:
10111:
10012:
8400:. Goodearth Publications. 2010. p. 12.
7444:The winged lion capital of pillar 34 (lost).
7016:Soon after, however, the region fell to the
6938:capital (wheel lost) depicted in this panel.
5457:); (2) The heaven of the Thirty-three gods (
5330:to his son after his return to Kapilavastu.
4248:Stupa No3, it may represent the Paradise of
3586:Ashoka in grief, supported by his two queens
2813:flute. Northern Gateway of Stupa I (detail).
2600:Temple for the Bodhi Tree (Eastern Gateway).
1491:) for the earliest reliefs (circa 115 BCE).
11353:Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
11110:Monuments at Sanchi (UNESCO World Heritage)
10921:Ashoka: The Search for India's Lost Emperor
10370:
10368:
10366:
10364:
10362:
10046:
9992:
9958:
9704:Sanchi notice "Foreigners worshiping Stupa"
9428:
9426:
9122:
9048:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 251.
9004:. Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
8971:
8848:An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology, by
8663:
8617:Abram, David; (Firm), Rough Guides (2003).
8616:
8558:
6530:Ordered left to right, from top to bottom:
6251:
5727:, was built two centuries later by Emperor
5097:Miracle of the Buddha walking on the River
3844:. Towards the left end of the panel is the
3707:
3013:
2990:(rules of the early Buddhist school of the
2966:. Similar scenes would later appear in the
2728:, is known to have dedicated a pillar, the
2639:. The clothing too is Greek, complete with
2524:hoods at the extreme left under the trees.
2487:The siege of Kushinagara by the seven kings
2395:
2359:. Among the Jatakas being depicted are the
2278:period, to the 1st century BCE, during the
935:Maurya structures and decorations at Sanchi
795:, was also erected on the side of the main
545:decline of the religion in the subcontinent
11922:
11908:
11571:
11557:
11142:
11128:
10804:Reserve Bank of India, know your banknotes
10533:
10386:Indian Numismatic Studies by K. D. Bajpai
10305:
10303:
9274:. Archaeological Survey of India. p.
9176:
9174:
9133:
8901:
8899:
8886:
8884:
8871:
8869:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8861:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8432:
8292:
8278:
5519:
4791:
4151:), just as it is in the similar relief at
3698:Blank. All reliefs and inscriptions lost.
3001:
2623:hat. They are also sometimes described as
2548:Building of the Bodh Gaya temple by Ashoka
2384:The miracle of the Buddha walking on water
1815:over the dome of the stupa in this relief.
1178:Shunga vedika (railing) with inscriptions.
11206:Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
10405:. Archeological Survey of India. p.
9630:
9628:
9557:. Harvard University Press. p. 162.
9496:
9494:
9075:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 154.
8798:. Patna: Eastern Book House. p. 36.
8774:
8772:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8513:. Anmol Publications. 1996. p. 783.
7698:Very similar illustration from Gandhara.
7519:, with the first reliefs being carved at
7353:and is attributed to the 5th century CE.
7243:wheel (reconstruction). Northern Gateway.
5668:under siege (left end of the architrave).
5366:'s dream of the visit of an elephant, in
5194:to the Buddha takes place in the town of
2931:, used to depict the Buddha in motion in
2201:The earliest known example in India, the
2007:"Vedisakehi daṃtakārehi rupakaṃmaṃ kataṃ"
1620:(Stupa and balustrades only are Shunga).
999:, in-situ (detail of the previous image).
811:. The pillar has an Ashokan inscription (
781:period, 1st century CE, South gateway of
27:Buddhist complex in Madhya Pradesh, India
10927:, Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2012
10887:. Oxford University Press. p. 207.
10679:
10677:
10534:Cunningham, Alexander (1 January 1880).
10359:
10290:
10288:
10018:
9952:A Guide To Sanchi, Marshall, John, 1918
9839:
9837:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9790:
9788:
9654:
9649:
9647:
9645:
9643:
9584:. Pearson Education India. p. 333.
9423:
9314:Indian Architecture (Buddhist And Hindu)
9288:
9038:
9036:
8992:
8990:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8815:
8793:
8646:
7976:
7961:
7927:
7924:Chetiyagiri Vihara and the Sacred Relics
7768:
7760:
7744:
7588:
7463:
7358:
7300:
7288:
7234:
7203:capitals at Sanchi, with lions, central
7194:
7095:
7084:
6980:
6929:
6921:
6914:
6864:
6857:
6807:
6800:
6750:
6743:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6654:
6519:
6489:
6466:
6440:
6429:
6297:
6290:
6277:
6266:
6136:
6091:
5961:
5914:
5818:
5785:
5778:
5742:
5693:
5655:
5644:
5602:
5562:
5540:
5529:
5441:. The six inferior heavens of the gods (
5420:
5357:
5296:
5148:
5027:
4983:
4976:
4942:
4875:
4831:
4812:
4801:
4658:
4640:
4474:
4437:
4281:
4257:
4122:
4035:
4011:
3973:. The bottom of the pillar face has two
3930:
3923:
3883:
3813:
3802:
3758:
3735:
3724:
3686:
3655:
3529:
3438:
3411:
3404:
3368:
3337:
3308:
3268:
3199:
3124:, to take relics of the Buddha from the
3095:
3062:
3039:
3028:
2922:
2878:
2775:
2608:
2563:
2551:
2539:, to take relics of the Buddha from the
2526:
2493:
2420:
2331:
2000:
1697:
1388:
1360:
1077:
631:
623:
405:. It was originally commissioned by the
10880:
10300:
10154:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
10136:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
10005:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
9985:John Marshall, A Guide to Sanchi, 1918
9890:
9888:
9611:. Oxford University Press. p. 27.
9171:
9094:
9092:
9023:
9021:
8896:
8881:
8858:
8744:
7157:blocks carved with back-to-back lions.
4972:under foliage flanks them on the side.
4732:The Great Departure of the Buddha from
4503:musical instruments ( the double flute
3876:Mara's Defeat (in "The Life of Buddha")
2324:(here the palmette design disappears).
2025:Vedisakehi damtakārehi rupakammam katam
1351:Stupa No. 2: the first Buddhist reliefs
815:) and an inscription in the ornamental
14:
12098:World Heritage Sites in Madhya Pradesh
12058:Tourist attractions in Raisen district
12030:
11436:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
10815:Percy Brown, Indian Architecture, 1955
10742:
10740:
10560:Monolithic Pillars of The Gupta Period
10423:
9828:John Mashall, The Monuments of Sanchi
9816:John Mashall, The Monuments of Sanchi
9779:John Mashall, The Monuments of Sanchi
9740:
9738:
9725:
9723:
9625:
9604:
9512:
9491:
9451:
9263:
9261:
9259:
9238:
9236:
8763:
8596:(in Arabic). SAGE Publications India.
8539:Buddhist Architecture by Huu Phuoc Le
8311:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
7894:Great Stupa, Northern Gateway in 1861.
7858:Great Stupa, Eastern Gateway, in 1875.
7707:The Buddha in person leaves the city.
7376:A Seated Buddha statue (Gupta temple).
7271:Monolithic Pillars of The Gupta Period
6445:Floral scrolls in the art of Gandhara.
6334:Hero with headband wrestling a Makara.
6273:(Stupa No 3, Sanchi. 1st century CE.)
5372:Maya's Dream (in "The life of Buddha)"
3469:devices on its outer rim. This is the
2490:", another relief on the same subject.
1682:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
1589:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
438:Relics of Sariputra and Mahamoggallana
11903:
11552:
11201:Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya
11123:
11006:, 1977, University of Chicago Press,
10674:
10398:
10285:
9834:
9785:
9640:
9577:
9550:
9432:
9383:
9381:
9310:
9222:
9151:
9033:
8987:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8834:
8812:
8589:
8574:
8535:
8533:
7734:The Buddha is illustrated centrally.
7725:The Buddha is illustrated centrally.
7716:The Buddha is illustrated centrally.
7199:Pillar 26: one of the two four-lions
7136:(following the great cave temples of
7125:Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II
7090:Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II
5871:Enlightenment of the Buddha with the
5618:bringing the relics of the Buddha to
5378:At the top is portrayed the dream of
4684:. The descent of the Buddha from the
4370:Hill, and that the city is Rajagriha.
1991:The Worship of the Bodhisattva's hair
1782:Satavahana gateways (from 50 - 0 BCE)
1098:
11937:
11275:Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi
9885:
9608:Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas
9267:
9089:
9068:
9027:John Marshall, "A guide to Sanchi",
9018:
8719:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8382:
7740:
7476:foundations, rebuilt at the time of
7190:
6049:The Gods entreating Buddha to preach
5465:presides; (3) The heaven over which
5439:The six inferior heavens of the Gods
4495:, capes and sandals, typical of the
3798:, also in the round, at their ends.
2643:, capes and sandals, typical of the
2178:at Sanchi: particularly between the
1483:Shunga period, but mason's marks in
749:(center). It is very similar to the
560:General view of the Stupas at Sanchi
138:
105:
72:
11578:
11370:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
10999:, 1918, Indian Government, Calcutta
10953:. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
10756:
10737:
10392:
9917:
9735:
9720:
9554:Political Violence in Ancient India
9433:Lopez, Donald S Jr. (15 May 2023).
9256:
9233:
8551:John Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8356:
7070:(247-267 CE) were found in Sanchi.
7027:(120 CE), and then certainly under
4472:celestial deities in the sky above.
2849:Foreigner with headband fighting a
2690:complex, and on the pillars of the
2604:
2451:After the death of the Buddha, the
2336:The Great Stupa at the time of the
1882:𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀡𑀺𑀲 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀻𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲
1864:records the gift of one of the top
1468:. Shunga structures and decorations
24:
12108:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
10762:
9378:
8831:
8530:
7773:A Gate to the Stupa of Sanchi 1932
7638:Maya's dream of a white elephant.
7132:Temple 17 is an early stand-alone
6992:
6846:Possibly demons, or the attack of
6394:Queen Maya lustrated by Elephants.
4366:, on a visit to the Buddha at the
4262:(This face refers particularly to
2927:"The promenade of the Buddha", or
2712:("Two slabs of Cuda, the Yonaka").
25:
12129:
11115:Google Street View tour of Sanchi
11062:
10562:B.R. Publishing Corporation 2014
10506:Rowland, 219; Michell (1990), 185
10476:Marshall, The Monuments of India
10450:Marshall, The Monuments of India
10067:A Guide to Sanchi, John Marshall
8379:
8342:Frontline Magazine 13–26 May 1989
5980:Enlightenment of the Buddha with
4064:in front (the Buddha, of course,
3460:with his two queens visiting the
2777:Northwestern foreigners at Sanchi
2502:, South Gate, Stupa no.1, Sanchi.
460:is 300 km to the northeast.
12093:Buddhist sites in Madhya Pradesh
11993:
11976:
11968:
11951:
11391:Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
11375:Group of Monuments at Pattadakal
11068:
10930:
10914:
10901:
10874:
10863:
10850:
10841:
10828:
10819:
10808:
10797:
10775:
10725:
10713:
10701:
10689:
10662:
10651:
10640:
10628:
10616:
10604:
10572:
10552:
10527:
10500:
10491:
10482:
10470:
10444:
10380:
10347:
10335:
10274:
10229:
10187:
10161:
10098:
10086:
10074:
9907:A Guide to Sanchi, John Marshall
8061:
7911:
7899:
7887:
7875:
7863:
7851:
7728:
7719:
7710:
7701:
7692:
7668:
7659:
7650:
7641:
7632:
7437:
7425:
7405:
7393:
7381:
7369:
7308:statue of pillar 35, 5th c. CE.
6976:
6960:
6948:
6922:
6896:
6884:
6865:
6839:
6827:
6808:
6782:
6770:
6751:
6729:
6717:
6705:
6672:
6662:
6640:
6628:
6613:
6598:
6586:
6574:
6558:
6546:
6534:
6522:
6490:
6467:
6430:
6415:
6399:
6387:
6375:
6363:
6351:
6339:
6327:
6312:
6300:
6278:
6235:
6205:
6164:
6122:and ate of the fruit of a great
6102:
6077:
6041:
5972:
5907:
5863:
5829:
5796:
5760:
5750:
5694:
5645:
5603:
5580:
5570:
5541:
5431:
5406:
5339:
5314:
5282:
5245:
5206:
5168:
5119:
5089:
5020:
4994:
4953:
4927:
4924:Central front architrave, right
4876:
4849:
4839:
4813:
4778:
4753:
4724:
4651:
4623:
4573:
4542:
4448:
4420:
4384:
4345:
4274:
4232:
4190:
4164:
4104:
4028:
3948:
3938:
3901:
3891:
3803:
3776:
3766:
3736:
3666:
3604:
3578:
3540:
3515:
3493:
3449:
3426:
3419:
3386:
3376:
3317:
3309:
3200:
3096:
3080:
3070:
3040:
2858:
2842:
2830:
2818:
2798:
2786:
2146:
2132:
2118:
2099:
2079:
2061:
1965:
1950:
1877:𑀭𑀸𑀜𑁄 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀲𑀸𑀢𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀲
1804:
1788:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1612:
1562:
1546:
1527:
1509:
1497:
1475:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1258:
1243:
1231:
1216:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1154:Shunga balustrade and staircase.
1147:
1131:
1016:
1004:
984:
968:
942:
901:
889:
727:
718:
709:
694:
663:According to one version of the
620:Mauryan Period (3rd century BCE)
607:
595:
583:
571:
552:
231:
137:
130:
104:
97:
71:
64:
47:
12043:1818 archaeological discoveries
10328:Marshall, " A Guide to Sanchi"
9946:
9911:
9900:
9861:
9822:
9810:
9773:
9761:
9697:
9688:
9675:
9598:
9571:
9535:Asiatic Mythology by J. Hackin
9529:
9518:
9500:Asiatic Mythology by J. Hackin
9479:
9445:
9417:
9405:
9393:
9366:
9354:
9345:
9333:
9321:
9303:
9282:
9209:
9198:
9186:
9162:
9145:
9116:
9104:
9062:
8959:
8947:
8935:
8923:
8911:
8787:
8713:
8684:
8657:
8610:
8583:
8545:
8501:
8473:
7966:Inscribed panel from Sanchi in
7957:
7749:The Great Stupa as breached by
7058:. Therefore, it seems that the
4675:Descent of the Buddha from the
3744:The Northern Gateway of Stupa 1
3048:The Southern Gateway of Stupa 1
2949:is seen praying as his son the
2507:Removal of the relics by Ashoka
1693:
1037:Shunga period (2nd century BCE)
675:, he is said to have halted at
11358:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur
8720:Shaw, Julia (12 August 2016).
8664:Chakrabarty, Dilip K. (2009).
8567:Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8466:Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8460:
8447:
8441:Marshall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8368:
8345:
8333:
6565:The Buddha represented by the
6406:The Buddha represented by the
5705:Temptation of the Buddha with
5549:The Western Gateway of Stupa 1
4821:The Eastern Gateway of Stupa 1
4172:Aerial promenade of the Buddha
3838:Temptation of the Buddha with
3010:to spread the Buddhist faith.
2853:. Southern Gateway of Stupa 3.
2768:Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
2244:. Greek influence, as well as
1972:Yashini, East Gateway, Sanchi.
1937:Material and carving technique
1582:
30:For the crude oil tanker, see
13:
1:
12063:World Heritage Sites in India
11994:
11952:
11325:Khangchendzonga National Park
11151:World Heritage Sites in India
10943:
10610:Great Monuments of India, DK
10597:Marshall "A Guide to Sanchi"
10520:Marshall "A Guide to Sanchi"
10267:Marshall "A Guide to Sanchi"
9158:. Brill Archive. p. 130.
9129:. Punthi Pustak. p. 100.
8980:Marhall, "A Guide to Sanchi"
8781:Huu Phuoc Le, Grafikol, 2010
8481:Diagram of Sanchi Great Stupa
8326:
7814:the Gupta statue of Padmapani
7573:
7048:
3827:
3334:Relics associated with Buddha
2939:In one of the reliefs of the
2762:can be seen in the region of
2748:
2674:The clearest of these reads "
2635:of the type commonly seen on
2444:Relics associated with Buddha
2232:, around a prominent central
1730:
1202:Summit railing and umbrellas.
956:
118:Sanchi Stupa (Madhya Pradesh)
12073:Indian architectural history
11977:
11969:
11930:Adjacent Buddhist structures
11446:Churches and convents of Goa
11441:Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
11195:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
11177:Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
11172:Khajuraho Group of Monuments
11075:Buddhist monuments at Sanchi
11034:. Sahitya Samsad: Calcutta.
10579:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
10235:A Guide to Sanchi, Marshall
9387:A Guide to Sanchi, Marshall
9123:Chakrabarti, Manika (1981).
9069:Jain, Kailash Chand (1972).
7727:
7718:
7709:
7700:
7691:
7678:
7667:
7658:
7649:
7640:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7459:decline of Buddhism in India
7400:Seated Buddha (Great Stupa).
7388:Buddha Statue (Great Stupa).
7351:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7310:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7284:
7275:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7273:, affirms a Gupta date. The
7213:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
7140:), as it dates to the early
7138:Indian rock-cut architecture
6234:
6204:
6163:
6101:
6076:
6040:
5971:
5906:
5862:
5828:
5806:. Probably the "Paradise of
5795:
5579:
5569:
5430:
5405:
5338:
5313:
5305:, the birthplace of Gautama)
5281:
5253:The miracle of fire and wood
5244:
5205:
5167:
5118:
5088:
5019:
4993:
4952:
4926:
4777:
4752:
4723:
4650:
4622:
4615:) and followers around him.
4572:
4541:
4515:), possibly pointing to the
4447:
4419:
4392:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at
4383:
4344:
4273:
4231:
4189:
4178:, which is portrayed in the
4163:
4103:
4027:
3947:
3937:
3900:
3890:
3665:
3603:
3577:
3539:
3514:
3492:
3448:
3425:
3418:
3385:
3375:
3328:War over the Buddha's Relics
3079:
3069:
2874:
2699:"etapathasa (Yona?)sa danam"
2662:The actual participation of
2434:War over the Buddha's Relics
2390:The miracle of fire and wood
1979:Although made of stone, the
1025:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
941:
880:
801:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
771:Sanchi Archaeological Museum
667:, the Buddhist chronicle of
628:The Ashoka pillar at Sanchi.
474:
300:Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv, vi
7:
12053:Villages in Raisen district
11365:Group of Monuments at Hampi
9804:India, Upinder Singh, 2016
8670:. Oxford University Press.
8035:
6593:Men and Women on Elephants.
6581:Men and Women on Elephants.
5928:by the Buddha when he left
5924:Miraculous crossing of the
5810:" (nandana) with the river
4890:. During the night, Prince
4785:Unidentified broken scene.
4464:Foreigners worshiping Stupa
3323:Full architrave with wings
2629:Foreigners worshiping Stupa
2415:Enlightenment of the Buddha
2374:
1209:Stairway balustrade reliefs
650:sacred relics of the Buddha
537:ancient Indian architecture
498:
290:Buddhist Monument at Sanchi
10:
12134:
11540:Mountain Railways of India
11503:Historic City of Ahmadabad
11343:Great Living Chola Temples
11167:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
9655:Stoneman, Richard (2019).
9463:Princeton University Press
8026:Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam
7939:Victoria and Albert Museum
7818:Victoria and Albert Museum
7418:Victoria and Albert Museum
7181:Victoria and Albert Museum
7171:pillar. Another pillar of
7114:appearance. 5th century CE
6907:guardian deity or devotee.
6793:guardian deity or devotee.
6114:. The story runs that the
5733:
4898:(far left) while his wife
4407:
3331:
3214:
2901:
2676:Setapathiyasa Yonasa danam
2437:
2348:
2344:
2328:Main themes of the reliefs
1416:, as opposed to the local
1354:
1082:The Great Stupa under the
1023:Side view of the capital.
698:
280:UNESCO World Heritage Site
121:Show map of Madhya Pradesh
29:
11935:
11866:
11825:
11777:
11754:
11735:
11710:
11673:
11654:
11635:
11616:
11597:
11586:
11536:
11518:The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
11451:Dholavira:a Harappan city
11421:
11333:
11305:
11229:
11185:
11157:
11103:27 September 2007 at the
10881:Salomon, Richard (1998).
10870:British Museum collection
10094:p. 378 Inscription No.200
9830:p. 345 inscription No.433
9781:p. 348 inscription No.475
8726:. Routledge. p. 58.
7297:, positioned upside down.
7269:. Sachim Kumar Tiwary in
7147:Hindu temple architecture
7073:
6477:Buddhas represented by a
6346:Foreigners riding horses.
6319:Foreign heroe fighting a
5362:At the top of the panel,
4883:Front architrave, center
4487:flute at Sanchi (detail).
4050:Great Miracle at Sravasti
3217:List of the named Buddhas
3023:between the architraves.
2417:with Mara's army fleeing.
2411:with Mara's army fleeing.
1884:(āvesaṇisa vāsitḥīputasa)
1857:Siri-Satakani inscription
1817:Dated circa 50 BCE- 0 CE.
1601:, probably circa 50 BCE.
1470:(end of 2nd century BCE)
1238:Flame palmette and lotus.
1121:
326:
314:
304:
294:
286:
277:
273:
265:
260:
252:
244:
226:
212:
190:
179:
175:and surrounding buildings
168:
163:
151:Sanchi Stupa (South Asia)
58:
46:
41:
11380:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
11320:Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
11221:Sundarbans National Park
11086:21 November 2006 at the
11016:Michell, George (1990),
11002:Michell, George (1988),
10964:Dehejia, Vidya. (1997).
10791:10 February 2009 at the
10647:Marshall p. 52 Pillar 34
10092:Epigraphia Indice Vol.2
9818:p. 308 inscription No.89
9767:Epigraphia Indica Vol.2
8620:The Rough Guide to India
7791:Frederick Charles Maisey
7755:Frederick Charles Maisey
7468:Temple 18 at Sanchi, an
6943:the third panels below.
6916:Right pillar, Front Face
6859:Right pillar, Inner Face
6496:Bottom front architrave
6473:Middle front architrave
6252:Stupa 3 Southern Gateway
6093:Right pillar, Front Face
5963:Right pillar, Inner Face
5422:Right pillar, Front Face
5298:Right pillar, Inner Face
4642:Right pillar, Front face
4497:Greek travelling costume
4439:Right pillar, Inner face
3975:footprints of the Buddha
3809:Rear central architrave
3708:Stupa 1 Northern Gateway
3102:Front middle architrave
3014:Stupa 1 Southern Gateway
2645:Greek travelling costume
2409:Temptation of the Buddha
2396:Temptation of the Buddha
2017:have done the carving").
1718:, the ambassador to the
741:of the Sanchi pillar of
465:Indian currency note of
417:. It was crowned by the
12088:Buddha statues in India
11874:Bhimbetka rock shelters
11466:Hill Forts of Rajasthan
11315:Kaziranga National Park
11030:Mitra, Debala. (1971).
11020:, 1990, Penguin Books,
10909:Oxford University Press
10558:Sachim Kumar Tiwary in
9605:Thapar, Romila (2012).
9578:Singh, Upinder (2008).
9551:Singh, Upinder (2017).
9439:Encyclopædia Britannica
9152:Vogel, Jean Ph (1947).
8794:Marshall, John (1936).
8647:Marshall, John (1955).
8590:Singh, Upinder (2016).
8496:pp. 25-28 Ashoka pillar
7753:in 1822. Watercolor by
6745:Left pillar, Inner face
6699:Left pillar, Front face
6623:lustrated by Elephants.
6141:The Mahakapi Jataka in
5885:); round about are the
5820:Left pillar, Inner face
5787:Left pillar, Front face
5700:Rear bottom architrave
5651:Rear middle architrave
5520:Stupa 1 Western Gateway
5493:holding a thunderbolt (
5150:Left pillar, Inner face
4985:Left pillar, Front face
4792:Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway
4590:praying as his son the
4259:Left pillar, Inner face
4060:with the throne of the
4013:Left pillar, Front face
3531:Left pillar, Inner face
3440:Left pillar, Front face
3131:After the death of the
3002:The Gateways or Toranas
2894:praying as his son the
2720:, an ambassador of the
2710:"Cuda yokasa bo silayo"
2560:inscribed "Raya Asoko".
2305:, as well as a central
2139:Sanchi elephant capital
2021:The inscription reads:
1914:Hathigumpha inscription
1521:similar images of Venus
479:The nearest airport is
350:23.479223°N 77.739683°E
11879:Ratapani Tiger Reserve
11508:Jaipur City, Rajasthan
11259:Keoladeo National Park
10546:10.5281/zenodo.3930384
10478:p. 388 inscription 833
10399:Mitra, Debala (2001).
10311:Sanchi and its remains
10021:"Ramagrama excavation"
9769:p. 395 inscription 364
9072:Malwa Through The Ages
8494:Described in Marshall
7994:
7974:
7933:
7882:South Gateway in 1882.
7774:
7766:
7758:
7481:
7313:
7298:
7244:
7216:
7130:
7115:
7093:
6986:
6939:
6802:Left pillar, Rear face
6608:representing a Buddha.
6446:
6358:Indians riding horses.
6146:
5949:Sanchi and its remains
5920:
5669:
5375:
5037:
5008:), and only his path (
4672:
4663:The same scene in the
4499:, and using Greek and
4488:
4353:Royal cortege leaving
4299:
4286:The same scene in the
4132:
4045:
3834:
3657:Left pillar, Rear face
3554:The temple around the
3501:Procession of Emperor
3347:
3315:Rear bottom architrave
3278:
2942:Miracle at Kapilavastu
2936:
2899:
2614:
2569:
2561:
2544:
2503:
2430:
2341:
2266:. The pillar displays
2018:
2013:, "Ivory workers from
1906:
1879:(Rāño Siri Sātakaṇisa)
1703:
1398:
1370:
1095:
851:
751:Lion Capital of Ashoka
637:
629:
614:Buddhist Temple, No.17
154:Show map of South Asia
11254:Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
10019:Shrestha, SS (1999).
9435:"The Buddha's relics"
9311:Brown, Percy (1959).
9289:Majumdar, B. (1937).
8779:Buddhist Architecture
8105:Four Additional Sites
7980:
7965:
7931:
7870:West Gateway in 1882.
7772:
7764:
7748:
7507:) only 5 miles away.
7467:
7304:
7292:
7238:
7198:
7117:
7099:
7088:
7041:Kanakerha inscription
6984:
6933:
6444:
6436:Top front architrave
6382:Indians riding bulls.
6370:Indians riding bulls.
6140:
5986:. The enlightenment (
5918:
5659:
5361:
5031:
4894:leaves the Palace of
4662:
4478:
4307:to the Buddha in the
4285:
4126:
4066:not being illustrated
4039:
3994:, and hooks holdings
3817:
3548:Bodhi tree temple of
3354:, the capital of the
3341:
3272:
2926:
2904:Aniconism in Buddhism
2882:
2612:
2582:Major Rock Edict No.8
2567:
2555:
2530:
2497:
2424:
2335:
2251:have been suggested.
2038:aniconism in Buddhism
2004:
1874:
1714:pillar, dedicated by
1701:
1633:Stairway and railing.
1392:
1364:
1329:Elephant with branch.
1190:Deambulatory pathway.
1081:
848:on the Sanchi pillar.
833:
635:
627:
541:Buddhist architecture
11396:Chennakeshava Temple
11348:Airavatesvara Temple
11295:Complexe du Capitole
11264:Kalka–Shimla railway
11077:at Wikimedia Commons
10601:. Public Domain text
10524:. Public Domain text
10158:(Public Domain text)
10140:(Public Domain text)
10009:(Public Domain text)
9989:(Public Domain text)
9747:Purātattva, Number 8
9458:Relics of the Buddha
9268:Mani, B. R. (2012).
8984:. Public Domain text
7840:World Heritage Sites
7787:Alexander Cunningham
7689:(1st c.CE-4th c.CE)
7619:The Buddha Preaching
7490:With the decline of
7432:Pillar 34 with lion.
7360:Gupta period remains
5609:Rear top architrave
5160:and his disciples.)
5060:, and Asoka built a
4224:to meet the Buddha.
3206:Rear top architrave
2249:Achaemenid influence
2194:Buddhist complex of
1929:(100-70 BCE) at the
1441:to the court of the
807:, as also suggested
761:, here adorned with
355:23.479223; 77.739683
245:Construction started
11401:Hoysaleswara Temple
11044:Rowland, Benjamin,
10968:. Phaidon: London.
9465:. pp. 136–37.
8698:, the first of the
8072:The Four Main Sites
8054:Buddha's Holy Sites
7828:can be seen at the
7826:one of the Yashinis
7783:Sir Herbert Maddock
7751:Sir Herbert Maddock
7604:The Great Departure
7279:Later Gupta dynasty
7175:used to stand, and
6485:and empty thrones.
5998:and his hosts. The
5677:by the seven kings.
5347:Procession of king
5134:to visit the Buddha
4888:The Great Departure
4479:Foreigners playing
4198:Procession of King
3678:tree, and above, a
3523:The Cortège of Mara
3350:The Buddha died in
2651:. Also visible are
2203:Pataliputra capital
2180:Pataliputra capital
2174:to the time of the
2125:Sanchi lion capital
2070:Pataliputra capital
1887:𑀆𑀦𑀁𑀤𑀲 𑀤𑀸𑀦𑀁
1608:
1471:
1457:in a dedication to
938:
403:Indian Architecture
346: /
180:Architectural style
164:General information
11216:Sun Temple, Konark
11032:Buddhist Monuments
10993:Marshall, Sir John
10784:A Guide to Sanchi,
10332:Public Domain text
10271:Public Domain text
10239:Public Domain text
10226:Public Domain text
10108:Public Domain text
10071:Public Domain text
9683:Udai Prakash Arora
9515:, pp. 136–37.
8708:A Guide to Sanchi,
8571:Public Domain text
8555:Public Domain text
8470:Public Domain text
7995:
7975:
7934:
7932:Chetiyagiri Vihara
7906:Temple 18 in 1861.
7775:
7767:
7759:
7681:Greco-Buddhist art
7525:Greco-Buddhist art
7482:
7416:(5th c.or 9th c.)
7314:
7299:
7245:
7217:
7116:
7094:
6987:
6940:
6934:This would be the
6455:Greco-Buddhist art
6447:
6213:The visit of Sakra
6147:
5921:
5670:
5576:Front architraves
5447:Buddhist cosmology
5376:
5038:
4845:Front architraves
4673:
4665:Greco-Buddhist art
4559:Greco-Buddhist art
4489:
4300:
4288:Greco-Buddhist art
4210:to meet the Buddha
4133:
4131:, 2nd century BCE.
4089:Greco-Buddhist art
4046:
4002:and the decorated
3866:Greco-Buddhist art
3835:
3826:, built by Ashoka
3772:Front architraves
3348:
3279:
3076:Front architraves
2968:Greco-Buddhist art
2937:
2933:Buddhist aniconism
2900:
2615:
2570:
2562:
2545:
2504:
2431:
2342:
2094:, c.3rd-1st c. BCE
2019:
1832:conquered eastern
1704:
1607:(2nd century BCE)
1604:
1464:
1399:
1371:
1357:Sanchi Stupa No. 2
1099:Great Stupa (No 1)
1096:
1047:Pushyamitra Shunga
993:Minor Pillar Edict
937:(3rd century BCE)
934:
638:
630:
528:, and Stupa No.3.
362:Sanchi Stupa is a
287:Official name
12025:
12024:
12020:
12019:
11897:
11896:
11773:
11772:
11766:(Nagar Panchayat)
11747:(Nagar Panchayat)
11728:(Nagar Panchayat)
11703:(Nagar Panchayat)
11691:(Nagar Panchayat)
11666:(Nagar Panchayat)
11628:(Nagar Panchayat)
11609:(Nagar Panchayat)
11546:
11545:
11073:Media related to
11012:978-0-226-53230-1
10997:A Guide to Sanchi
10951:The Powers of Art
9881:p. 58 Third Panel
9802:SAGE Publications
9472:978-0-691-11764-5
8796:A guide to Sanchi
8733:978-1-315-43263-2
8520:978-81-7041-859-7
8302:
8301:
7943:Mahabodhi Society
7799:Sir John Marshall
7779:Third Maratha War
7741:Western Discovery
7738:
7737:
7579:, the Greek-like
7544:Mahayana Buddhism
7521:Sanchi Stupa No.2
7480:(7th century CE).
7451:
7450:
7191:Lion pillar No 26
7023:, possibly under
6974:
6973:
6298:Front architraves
6249:
6248:
6176:preaching in the
5804:Paradise of Indra
5586:Rear architraves
5517:
5516:
5214:Buddha tames the
4855:Rear architraves
4789:
4788:
4220:going forth from
4056:In the center, a
3782:Rear architraves
3702:
3701:
3481:(Mrigadava) near
3398:Pillars of Ashoka
3291:Satavahana Empire
3211:The seven Buddhas
3086:Rear architraves
2872:
2871:
2730:Heliodorus pillar
2311:Pillars of Ashoka
2068:Mauryan capital (
1960:, 1st century CE.
1826:Satavahana Empire
1710:, locally called
1708:Heliodorus pillar
1691:
1690:
1645:Lotus medallions.
1580:
1579:
1455:Heliodorus pillar
1365:Mason's marks in
1348:
1347:
1166:Shunga stonework.
1125:(2nd century BCE)
1114:Sanchi Stupa No.2
1034:
1033:
793:Pillars of Ashoka
757:, except for the
701:Pillars of Ashoka
687:, and a daughter
644:the Great of the
514:Pillars of Ashoka
330:
329:
88:Show map of India
16:(Redirected from
12125:
12118:Religious towers
11997:
11996:
11980:
11979:
11972:
11971:
11955:
11954:
11938:
11924:
11917:
11910:
11901:
11900:
11889:Halali Reservoir
11595:
11594:
11573:
11566:
11559:
11550:
11549:
11496:Ranthambore Fort
11280:Red Fort Complex
11144:
11137:
11130:
11121:
11120:
11072:
10937:
10934:
10928:
10918:
10912:
10905:
10899:
10898:
10878:
10872:
10867:
10861:
10854:
10848:
10845:
10839:
10832:
10826:
10823:
10817:
10812:
10806:
10801:
10795:
10779:
10773:
10772:
10760:
10754:
10753:
10744:
10735:
10729:
10723:
10717:
10711:
10705:
10699:
10693:
10687:
10681:
10672:
10666:
10660:
10655:
10649:
10644:
10638:
10632:
10626:
10620:
10614:
10608:
10602:
10595:
10584:
10576:
10570:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10531:
10525:
10518:
10507:
10504:
10498:
10497:Rowland, 219-220
10495:
10489:
10486:
10480:
10474:
10468:
10463:
10454:
10448:
10442:
10441:
10427:
10421:
10420:
10396:
10390:
10384:
10378:
10372:
10357:
10351:
10345:
10339:
10333:
10326:
10317:
10307:
10298:
10292:
10283:
10278:
10272:
10265:
10240:
10233:
10227:
10220:
10197:
10191:
10185:
10179:
10168:
10165:
10159:
10152:
10141:
10134:
10109:
10102:
10096:
10090:
10084:
10078:
10072:
10065:
10044:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10025:
10016:
10010:
10003:
9990:
9983:
9956:
9950:
9944:
9943:
9926:(3/4): 220–221.
9915:
9909:
9904:
9898:
9892:
9883:
9877:
9868:
9865:
9859:
9856:
9847:
9841:
9832:
9826:
9820:
9814:
9808:
9798:
9783:
9777:
9771:
9765:
9759:
9758:
9742:
9733:
9727:
9718:
9715:
9706:
9701:
9695:
9692:
9686:
9679:
9673:
9672:
9651:
9638:
9632:
9623:
9622:
9602:
9596:
9595:
9575:
9569:
9568:
9548:
9539:
9533:
9527:
9522:
9516:
9510:
9504:
9498:
9489:
9483:
9477:
9476:
9449:
9443:
9442:
9430:
9421:
9415:
9409:
9403:
9397:
9391:
9385:
9376:
9370:
9364:
9358:
9352:
9349:
9343:
9337:
9331:
9325:
9319:
9318:
9307:
9301:
9300:
9292:Guide to Sarnath
9286:
9280:
9279:
9265:
9254:
9253:
9248:. 1909. p.
9240:
9231:
9226:
9220:
9213:
9207:
9202:
9196:
9190:
9184:
9178:
9169:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9149:
9143:
9140:
9131:
9130:
9120:
9114:
9108:
9102:
9096:
9087:
9086:
9066:
9060:
9059:
9040:
9031:
9025:
9016:
9015:
8994:
8985:
8978:
8969:
8963:
8957:
8951:
8945:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8894:
8888:
8879:
8873:
8856:
8850:Amalananda Ghosh
8846:
8829:
8823:
8810:
8809:
8791:
8785:
8776:
8761:
8755:
8742:
8741:
8717:
8711:
8688:
8682:
8681:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8644:
8635:
8634:
8623:. Rough Guides.
8614:
8608:
8607:
8587:
8581:
8578:
8572:
8565:
8556:
8549:
8543:
8537:
8528:
8527:
8505:
8499:
8492:
8483:
8477:
8471:
8464:
8458:
8451:
8445:
8439:
8430:
8425:
8412:
8411:
8392:
8377:
8372:
8366:
8360:
8354:
8349:
8343:
8337:
8294:
8287:
8280:
8065:
8055:
8046:
8040:
8039:
8028:" ("Gift of the
7915:
7903:
7891:
7879:
7867:
7855:
7732:
7723:
7714:
7705:
7696:
7672:
7663:
7654:
7645:
7636:
7629:(1st c. BCE/CE)
7586:
7578:
7575:
7550:of the Mahayana
7441:
7429:
7409:
7397:
7385:
7373:
7356:
7128:
7057:
7053:
7050:
6964:
6952:
6926:
6900:
6888:
6869:
6843:
6831:
6812:
6786:
6774:
6755:
6733:
6721:
6709:
6676:
6666:
6644:
6632:
6617:
6602:
6590:
6578:
6562:
6550:
6538:
6526:
6520:Rear architraves
6494:
6471:
6434:
6419:
6403:
6391:
6379:
6367:
6355:
6343:
6331:
6316:
6304:
6282:
6269:Southern Gateway
6264:
6239:
6209:
6168:
6106:
6081:
6045:
5976:
5911:
5867:
5833:
5800:
5764:
5754:
5709:'s army fleeing.
5698:
5649:
5607:
5584:
5574:
5545:
5527:
5455:Chaturmaharajika
5435:
5410:
5343:
5318:
5286:
5249:
5210:
5172:
5123:
5093:
5074:Mahabodhi Temple
5024:
4998:
4957:
4931:
4880:
4853:
4843:
4817:
4799:
4782:
4757:
4728:
4655:
4627:
4577:
4546:
4452:
4424:
4388:
4349:
4278:
4236:
4194:
4168:
4127:Jetavana story,
4108:
4032:
4000:Buddha footprint
3979:wheel of the Law
3963:Buddhist symbols
3952:
3942:
3905:
3895:
3832:
3829:
3807:
3780:
3770:
3740:
3727:Northern Gateway
3722:
3670:
3608:
3582:
3552:built by Ashoka.
3544:
3519:
3497:
3453:
3430:
3423:
3390:
3380:
3321:
3313:
3204:
3100:
3084:
3074:
3044:
3031:Southern Gateway
3026:
2957:or "promenade".
2862:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2802:
2790:
2773:
2753:
2750:
2716:Around 113 BCE,
2678:" ("Gift of the
2605:Foreign devotees
2150:
2136:
2122:
2103:
2083:
2065:
2012:
1969:
1954:
1904:
1889:(Ānaṁdasa dānaṁ)
1888:
1883:
1878:
1808:
1792:
1735:
1732:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1566:
1553:Female riding a
1550:
1531:
1513:
1501:
1479:
1472:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1262:
1247:
1235:
1220:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1135:
1119:
1110:circumambulation
1069:Mahabodhi Temple
1041:On the basis of
1020:
1008:
988:
972:
961:
958:
950:pillar of Ashoka
946:
939:
905:
893:
849:
731:
722:
713:
611:
599:
587:
575:
556:
468:
364:Buddhist complex
361:
360:
358:
357:
356:
351:
347:
344:
343:
342:
339:
237:
235:
234:
155:
141:
140:
134:
122:
108:
107:
101:
89:
75:
74:
68:
51:
39:
38:
21:
12133:
12132:
12128:
12127:
12126:
12124:
12123:
12122:
12113:Buddhist relics
12083:Stupas in India
12048:Stone buildings
12028:
12027:
12026:
12021:
11981:
11931:
11928:
11898:
11893:
11862:
11821:
11769:
11750:
11731:
11706:
11669:
11650:
11631:
11612:
11590:
11588:
11582:
11580:Raisen district
11577:
11547:
11542:
11532:
11456:Elephanta Caves
11417:
11329:
11301:
11225:
11181:
11153:
11148:
11105:Wayback Machine
11088:Wayback Machine
11065:
10946:
10941:
10940:
10935:
10931:
10919:
10915:
10906:
10902:
10895:
10879:
10875:
10868:
10864:
10855:
10851:
10846:
10842:
10833:
10829:
10824:
10820:
10813:
10809:
10802:
10798:
10793:Wayback Machine
10780:
10776:
10763:Wright, Colin.
10761:
10757:
10746:
10745:
10738:
10730:
10726:
10718:
10714:
10706:
10702:
10694:
10690:
10682:
10675:
10667:
10663:
10656:
10652:
10645:
10641:
10633:
10629:
10621:
10617:
10609:
10605:
10599:p. 97 Pillar 35
10596:
10587:
10581:website notice
10577:
10573:
10557:
10553:
10532:
10528:
10522:p. 96 Pillar 26
10519:
10510:
10505:
10501:
10496:
10492:
10487:
10483:
10475:
10471:
10464:
10457:
10449:
10445:
10428:
10424:
10417:
10397:
10393:
10385:
10381:
10373:
10360:
10352:
10348:
10340:
10336:
10327:
10320:
10308:
10301:
10293:
10286:
10279:
10275:
10266:
10243:
10234:
10230:
10221:
10200:
10192:
10188:
10180:
10171:
10166:
10162:
10153:
10144:
10135:
10112:
10103:
10099:
10091:
10087:
10079:
10075:
10066:
10047:
10037:
10035:
10023:
10017:
10013:
10004:
9993:
9984:
9959:
9951:
9947:
9932:10.2307/3250056
9916:
9912:
9905:
9901:
9893:
9886:
9878:
9871:
9866:
9862:
9857:
9850:
9842:
9835:
9827:
9823:
9815:
9811:
9799:
9786:
9778:
9774:
9766:
9762:
9744:
9743:
9736:
9728:
9721:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9698:
9693:
9689:
9680:
9676:
9669:
9652:
9641:
9633:
9626:
9619:
9603:
9599:
9592:
9576:
9572:
9565:
9549:
9542:
9534:
9530:
9523:
9519:
9511:
9507:
9499:
9492:
9484:
9480:
9473:
9450:
9446:
9431:
9424:
9418:
9410:
9406:
9398:
9394:
9386:
9379:
9371:
9367:
9359:
9355:
9350:
9346:
9338:
9334:
9326:
9322:
9308:
9304:
9287:
9283:
9266:
9257:
9242:
9241:
9234:
9227:
9223:
9214:
9210:
9203:
9199:
9191:
9187:
9179:
9172:
9167:
9163:
9150:
9146:
9141:
9134:
9121:
9117:
9109:
9105:
9097:
9090:
9083:
9067:
9063:
9056:
9042:
9041:
9034:
9026:
9019:
9012:
8995:
8988:
8982:p. 95 Pillar 25
8979:
8972:
8964:
8960:
8952:
8948:
8940:
8936:
8928:
8924:
8916:
8912:
8904:
8897:
8889:
8882:
8874:
8859:
8847:
8832:
8824:
8813:
8806:
8792:
8788:
8777:
8764:
8756:
8745:
8734:
8718:
8714:
8689:
8685:
8678:
8662:
8658:
8650:Guide to Sanchi
8645:
8638:
8631:
8615:
8611:
8604:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8575:
8566:
8559:
8550:
8546:
8538:
8531:
8521:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8493:
8486:
8478:
8474:
8465:
8461:
8452:
8448:
8440:
8433:
8426:
8415:
8408:
8394:
8393:
8380:
8373:
8369:
8361:
8357:
8350:
8346:
8338:
8334:
8329:
8298:
8269:
8268:
8234:Ramagrama stupa
8139:
8131:
8130:
8106:
8098:
8097:
8073:
8053:
8044:
8038:
7960:
7926:
7919:
7916:
7907:
7904:
7895:
7892:
7883:
7880:
7871:
7868:
7859:
7856:
7743:
7733:
7724:
7715:
7706:
7697:
7688:
7673:
7664:
7655:
7646:
7637:
7628:
7576:
7513:
7457:, and with the
7445:
7442:
7433:
7430:
7421:
7410:
7401:
7398:
7389:
7386:
7377:
7374:
7287:
7193:
7129:
7123:
7080:Chandragupta II
7076:
7055:
7051:
7021:Western Satraps
7009:in the name of
6995:
6993:Western Satraps
6979:
6968:
6965:
6956:
6953:
6908:
6901:
6892:
6889:
6851:
6844:
6835:
6832:
6794:
6787:
6778:
6775:
6737:
6734:
6725:
6722:
6656:Pillar capitals
6648:
6645:
6636:
6633:
6624:
6618:
6609:
6603:
6594:
6591:
6582:
6579:
6570:
6563:
6554:
6551:
6542:
6539:
6527:
6521:
6505:
6423:
6420:
6411:
6404:
6395:
6392:
6383:
6380:
6371:
6368:
6359:
6356:
6347:
6344:
6335:
6332:
6323:
6317:
6299:
6272:
6254:
6153:
6135:
6111:Mahakapi Jataka
6064:
6027:
6007:
5984:'s army fleeing
5952:
5946:
5894:
5744:Pillar capitals
5738:
5732:
5535:
5532:Western Gateway
5522:
5510:
5490:
5391:
5322:Homage of King
5306:
5300:
5268:
5260:
5229:
5186:. The visit of
5152:
5108:
5051:
5041:Temple for the
4944:Pillar capitals
4881:
4807:
4804:Eastern Gateway
4794:
4738:
4520:
4473:
4467:
4412:
4406:
4396:, the visit of
4371:
4309:Indrasaila cave
4261:
4081:anthropomorphic
4055:
4015:
3992:flame palmettes
3967:flame palmettes
3919:under foliage.
3885:Pillar capitals
3873:
3830:
3730:
3710:
3704:
3647:Pompeii Lakshmi
3612:Worship of the
3370:Pillar capitals
3361:
3359:
3336:
3322:
3316:
3301:
3294:
3219:
3193:
3190:
3172:
3129:
3034:
3016:
3004:
2906:
2877:
2866:
2863:
2854:
2847:
2838:
2835:
2826:
2823:
2814:
2803:
2794:
2791:
2751:
2705:of Setapatha").
2607:
2572:Ashoka went to
2550:
2509:
2446:
2436:
2398:
2377:
2369:Mahakapi Jataka
2367:Jataka and the
2353:
2347:
2330:
2303:beads-and-reels
2256:Sarnath capital
2238:Classical Greek
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2087:Sarnath capital
2084:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2010:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1958:Pompeii Lakshmi
1955:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1905:
1900:
1896:Siri Satakarni"
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1767:adorned with a
1733:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1670:
1667:
1658:
1657:Floral designs.
1655:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1631:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1585:
1574:
1571:beads and reels
1567:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1502:
1482:
1480:
1469:
1359:
1353:
1342:
1339:
1330:
1327:
1318:
1315:
1306:
1303:
1294:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1270:
1265:Woman riding a
1263:
1254:
1248:
1239:
1236:
1227:
1221:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1167:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1124:
1101:
1039:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1000:
989:
980:
975:Remains of the
973:
959:
947:
936:
913:
912:
911:
910:
909:
906:
898:
897:
894:
883:
850:
843:
789:
788:
787:
786:
763:flame palmettes
734:
733:
732:
724:
723:
715:
714:
703:
697:
622:
615:
612:
603:
600:
591:
588:
579:
576:
567:
557:
501:
477:
466:
372:Raisen District
354:
352:
348:
345:
340:
337:
335:
333:
332:
282:
248:3rd century BCE
232:
230:
221:Raisen district
199:Raisen district
159:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
142:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:
113:
109:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:
80:
76:
54:
35:
32:Sanchi (tanker)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12131:
12121:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12023:
12022:
12018:
12017:
12012:
12007:
12001:
12000:
11998:
11991:
11988:
11987:
11985:Bhojpur Stupas
11982:
11967:
11965:
11959:
11958:
11956:
11949:
11946:
11945:
11943:
11941:
11936:
11933:
11932:
11927:
11926:
11919:
11912:
11904:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11870:
11868:
11864:
11863:
11861:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11829:
11827:
11823:
11822:
11820:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11783:
11781:
11775:
11774:
11771:
11770:
11768:
11767:
11760:
11758:
11752:
11751:
11749:
11748:
11741:
11739:
11733:
11732:
11730:
11729:
11723:
11722:(Municipality)
11716:
11714:
11708:
11707:
11705:
11704:
11698:
11692:
11686:
11685:(Municipality)
11679:
11677:
11671:
11670:
11668:
11667:
11660:
11658:
11652:
11651:
11649:
11648:
11647:(Municipality)
11641:
11639:
11633:
11632:
11630:
11629:
11622:
11620:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11610:
11603:
11601:
11592:
11584:
11583:
11576:
11575:
11568:
11561:
11553:
11544:
11543:
11537:
11534:
11533:
11531:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11499:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11486:Jaisalmer Fort
11483:
11478:
11473:
11463:
11458:
11453:
11448:
11443:
11438:
11433:
11427:
11425:
11419:
11418:
11416:
11415:
11410:
11409:
11408:
11406:Keshava Temple
11403:
11398:
11388:
11383:
11377:
11372:
11367:
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11244:Fatehpur Sikri
11241:
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11139:
11132:
11124:
11118:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11095:
11090:
11078:
11064:
11063:External links
11061:
11060:
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11028:
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11000:
10990:
10976:
10962:
10945:
10942:
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10862:
10849:
10840:
10838:– 28 Apr 1947.
10836:Indian Express
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9045:Indian History
9032:
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7972:British Museum
7970:script in the
7959:
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7830:British Museum
7795:archaeologists
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7622:
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7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7577: 100 BCE
7539:, the oldest.
7512:
7509:
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7448:
7447:
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7443:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7424:
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7387:
7380:
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7363:
7362:
7286:
7283:
7222:Udayagiri hill
7205:flame palmette
7192:
7189:
7179:is now in the
7121:
7075:
7072:
7045:Sridharavarman
6994:
6991:
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6305:
6295:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6275:
6274:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6243:Heraldic lions
6240:
6233:
6229:
6228:
6210:
6203:
6199:
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6169:
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5404:
5400:
5399:
5344:
5337:
5333:
5332:
5319:
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5308:
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5294:
5293:
5287:
5280:
5276:
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5238:
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5173:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5146:
5145:
5124:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5094:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5062:Diamond throne
5036:as discovered.
5034:Diamond throne
5025:
5018:
5014:
5013:
4999:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4966:flame palmette
4958:
4951:
4950:Right capital
4947:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4912:chatra parasol
4885:
4873:
4872:
4857:
4847:
4836:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4810:
4809:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4758:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4729:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4688:Heaven, where
4656:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4634:guardian deity
4628:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4578:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4547:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4527:Bharhut Yavana
4453:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4431:guardian deity
4425:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4405:to the Buddha.
4389:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4350:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4296:Loriyan Tangai
4279:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4255:
4254:
4237:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4195:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4169:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4109:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4040:The Buddha in
4033:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4009:
4008:
3956:
3946:
3935:
3934:
3932:External faces
3928:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3913:flame palmette
3909:
3899:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3854:diamond throne
3831: 260 BCE
3820:Diamond throne
3811:
3800:
3799:
3784:
3774:
3763:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3642:Begram ivories
3622:heaven, where
3609:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3590:Tishyarakshita
3583:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3505:on his chariot
3498:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3454:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3413:External faces
3409:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3384:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3346:circa 500 BCE.
3325:
3306:
3305:
3252:Gautama Buddha
3208:
3197:
3196:
3104:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3015:
3012:
3003:
3000:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2857:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2758:on his sword.
2752: 100 BCE
2745:Bharhut Yavana
2714:
2713:
2706:
2695:
2606:
2603:
2549:
2546:
2508:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2435:
2432:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2376:
2373:
2346:
2343:
2329:
2326:
2318:flame palmette
2276:Mauryan Empire
2234:flame palmette
2184:Mauryan Empire
2152:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2085:
2078:
2077:
2074:4th-3rd c. BCE
2067:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1898:
1842:Mauryan Empire
1810:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1734: 100 BCE
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1355:Main article:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1224:Flame palmette
1222:
1215:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1128:
1127:
1100:
1097:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1003:
1001:
990:
983:
981:
977:Ashokan Pillar
974:
967:
963:
960: 260 BCE
907:
900:
899:
895:
888:
887:
886:
885:
884:
882:
879:
859:flame palmette
841:
736:
735:
726:
725:
717:
716:
708:
707:
706:
705:
704:
696:
693:
621:
618:
617:
616:
613:
606:
604:
601:
594:
592:
589:
582:
580:
577:
570:
568:
558:
551:
505:Mauryan Empire
500:
497:
476:
473:
392:Madhya Pradesh
380:Madhya Pradesh
328:
327:
324:
323:
316:
312:
311:
306:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
228:
224:
223:
214:
210:
209:
203:Madhya Pradesh
192:
188:
187:
181:
177:
176:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
150:
144:
143:
136:
135:
129:
128:
127:
126:
117:
111:
110:
103:
102:
96:
95:
94:
93:
84:
78:
77:
70:
69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12130:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12068:Maurya Empire
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12035:
12033:
12016:
12015:Andher Stupas
12013:
12011:
12008:
12006:
12003:
12002:
11999:
11992:
11990:
11989:
11986:
11983:
11975:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11960:
11957:
11950:
11948:
11947:
11944:
11942:
11940:
11939:
11934:
11925:
11920:
11918:
11913:
11911:
11906:
11905:
11902:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11871:
11869:
11865:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11830:
11828:
11826:Sub divisions
11824:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11784:
11782:
11780:
11776:
11765:
11762:
11761:
11759:
11757:
11753:
11746:
11743:
11742:
11740:
11738:
11734:
11727:
11724:
11721:
11718:
11717:
11715:
11713:
11709:
11702:
11699:
11697:(Census Town)
11696:
11693:
11690:
11687:
11684:
11681:
11680:
11678:
11676:
11672:
11665:
11662:
11661:
11659:
11657:
11653:
11646:
11643:
11642:
11640:
11638:
11634:
11627:
11624:
11623:
11621:
11619:
11615:
11608:
11605:
11604:
11602:
11600:
11596:
11593:
11585:
11581:
11574:
11569:
11567:
11562:
11560:
11555:
11554:
11551:
11541:
11535:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11523:Western Ghats
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11468:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11428:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11414:
11413:Western Ghats
11411:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11393:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11345:
11344:
11341:
11340:
11338:
11336:
11332:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11312:
11310:
11308:
11304:
11296:
11293:
11292:
11291:
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10981:
10978:Harle, J.C.,
10977:
10975:
10974:0-7148-3496-3
10971:
10967:
10963:
10960:
10959:0-19-562842-X
10956:
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10925:Charles Allen
10922:
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9920:Artibus Asiae
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9177:
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9157:
9156:
9155:India antiqua
9148:
9139:
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9119:
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9107:
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9095:
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9084:
9082:9788120808249
9078:
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9055:9781259063237
9051:
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9011:9780521770200
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8805:81-85204-32-2
8801:
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8677:9780199088140
8673:
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8632:
8630:9781843530893
8626:
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8605:
8603:9789351506454
8599:
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8516:
8512:
8511:
8504:
8497:
8491:
8489:
8482:
8476:
8469:
8463:
8456:
8455:Butkara Stupa
8450:
8444:
8438:
8436:
8429:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8409:
8407:9789380262055
8403:
8399:
8398:
8391:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8383:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8359:
8353:
8348:
8341:
8336:
8332:
8322:
8321:Deekshabhoomi
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8295:
8290:
8288:
8283:
8281:
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8260:
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8232:
8230:
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8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
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8190:
8187:
8185:
8184:Kesaria Stupa
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8154:Barabar Caves
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8135:
8134:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
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8076:
8075:
8069:
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8064:
8060:
8059:
8056:
8051:
8050:
8047:
8045:Pilgrimage to
8042:
8041:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8011:
8006:
8004:
8003:James Prinsep
8000:
7992:
7991:James Prinsep
7988:
7984:
7979:
7973:
7969:
7964:
7955:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7930:
7914:
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7897:
7890:
7885:
7878:
7873:
7866:
7861:
7854:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7810:
7808:
7807:John Marshall
7802:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7780:
7771:
7763:
7756:
7752:
7747:
7731:
7722:
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7704:
7695:
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7686:
7682:
7677:
7671:
7662:
7653:
7644:
7635:
7627:
7623:
7620:
7615:
7614:Enlightenment
7610:
7609:Mara's attack
7605:
7600:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7559:
7557:
7553:
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7540:
7538:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7518:
7508:
7506:
7502:
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7488:
7486:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7466:
7462:
7460:
7456:
7440:
7435:
7428:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7408:
7403:
7396:
7391:
7384:
7379:
7372:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7326:
7323:
7318:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7296:
7291:
7282:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7262:
7258:
7253:
7251:
7242:
7237:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7197:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7165:
7163:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7127:, 412-413 CE.
7126:
7120:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7100:Temple 17: a
7098:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7081:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7060:Kushan Empire
7056: 368 CE
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6990:
6983:
6977:Later periods
6963:
6958:
6951:
6946:
6945:
6944:
6937:
6932:
6928:
6925:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6906:
6903:Bottom panel
6899:
6894:
6887:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6863:
6860:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6837:
6830:
6825:
6824:
6823:on a Pillar.
6822:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6806:
6803:
6799:
6792:
6789:Bottom panel
6785:
6780:
6773:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6732:
6727:
6720:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6703:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6653:
6647:Men on lions.
6643:
6638:
6635:Men on lions.
6631:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6611:
6607:
6601:
6596:
6589:
6584:
6577:
6572:
6568:
6561:
6556:
6553:Winged lions.
6549:
6544:
6537:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6518:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6456:
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6439:
6437:
6433:
6428:
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6413:
6409:
6402:
6397:
6390:
6385:
6378:
6373:
6366:
6361:
6354:
6349:
6342:
6337:
6330:
6325:
6322:
6315:
6310:
6309:
6306:
6303:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6270:
6265:
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6259:
6244:
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6238:
6231:
6230:
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6222:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6201:
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6191:
6185:
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6179:
6175:
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6167:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6151:
6144:
6139:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6074:Bottom panel
6073:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6038:Second panel
6037:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6025:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5983:
5978:
5975:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5951:(Plaque XXI)
5950:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5904:Bottom panel
5903:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5866:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5793:Unique panel
5792:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5667:
5663:
5660:Ruler of the
5658:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5614:Ruler of the
5612:
5610:
5606:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5525:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5459:Trayastrimisa
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5403:Bottom panel
5402:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5345:
5342:
5336:Second panel
5335:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5326:to the Buddha
5325:
5320:
5317:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5279:Bottom panel
5278:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5227:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5212:
5209:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5184:to the Buddha
5183:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5116:Bottom panel
5115:
5114:
5111:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5092:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5068:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4797:
4784:
4781:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4761:Teaching the
4759:
4756:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4727:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4576:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4501:Central Asian
4498:
4494:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4387:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4330:Central India
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4235:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4193:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4145:Anathapindika
4142:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3663:Unique panel
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3288:
3287:Siri-Satakani
3285:
3276:
3275:Siri-Satakani
3271:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3011:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2976:John Marshall
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2883:Aniconism in
2881:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2694:not far away.
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2576:to visit the
2575:
2566:
2559:
2558:Kanaganahalli
2554:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2339:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:with central
2227:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:bead and reel
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2156:
2149:
2141:1st c. BCE/CE
2135:
2121:
2108:
2102:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2071:
2064:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:Brahmi script
1859:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1814:
1813:Brahmi script
1807:
1798:
1791:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1572:
1569:Lotus within
1565:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1539:Brahmi script
1536:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1341:Floral motif.
1337:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
982:
978:
971:
966:
965:
964:
955:
951:
945:
940:
932:
928:
926:
922:
918:
904:
892:
878:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
847:
840:
838:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
730:
721:
712:
702:
695:Ashoka pillar
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:Maurya Empire
643:
634:
626:
610:
605:
598:
593:
586:
581:
574:
569:
565:
561:
555:
550:
549:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
470:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
390:, capital of
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
359:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
162:
133:
100:
67:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
12078:Buddhist art
12005:Sonari Stupa
11973:
11806:
11802:Obedullaganj
11725:
11689:Obedullaganj
11476:Chittor Fort
11461:Ellora Caves
11431:Ajanta Caves
11211:Santiniketan
11176:
11045:
11031:
11017:
11003:
10996:
10979:
10965:
10950:
10932:
10920:
10916:
10903:
10883:
10876:
10865:
10858:Jack Daulton
10852:
10843:
10835:
10830:
10821:
10810:
10799:
10783:
10777:
10768:
10758:
10748:
10727:
10715:
10703:
10691:
10664:
10653:
10642:
10630:
10618:
10606:
10574:
10559:
10554:
10536:
10529:
10502:
10493:
10484:
10472:
10446:
10432:
10425:
10401:
10394:
10382:
10349:
10337:
10310:
10276:
10231:
10189:
10163:
10100:
10088:
10076:
10036:. Retrieved
10031:
10027:
10014:
9948:
9923:
9919:
9913:
9902:
9863:
9824:
9812:
9775:
9763:
9754:
9751:
9746:
9699:
9690:
9677:
9657:
9607:
9600:
9580:
9573:
9553:
9531:
9520:
9508:
9481:
9457:
9453:Strong, J.S.
9447:
9438:
9419:
9407:
9395:
9368:
9356:
9347:
9335:
9323:
9317:. p. x.
9313:
9305:
9291:
9284:
9270:
9244:
9224:
9217:Late Archaic
9211:
9200:
9188:
9168:Dehejia 1992
9164:
9154:
9147:
9125:
9118:
9106:
9071:
9064:
9044:
9000:
8961:
8949:
8937:
8925:
8913:
8795:
8789:
8778:
8739:sponsorship.
8737:
8722:
8715:
8707:
8686:
8666:
8659:
8649:
8619:
8612:
8592:
8585:
8576:
8547:
8524:
8509:
8503:
8475:
8462:
8449:
8396:
8370:
8358:
8347:
8340:Buddhist Art
8335:
8264:Vikramashila
8243:
8174:Ellora Caves
8025:
8007:
7996:
7958:Inscriptions
7935:
7844:
7842:since 1989.
7834:
7811:
7803:
7776:
7679:
7625:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7599:Maya's dream
7598:
7589:
7560:
7548:Bodhisattvas
7541:
7533:Buddhist art
7514:
7489:
7483:
7452:
7359:
7347:
7322:Persepolitan
7319:
7315:
7270:
7257:Gupta Empire
7254:
7246:
7241:Dharmachakra
7230:viharasvamin
7229:
7218:
7209:Wheel of Law
7166:
7159:
7131:
7118:
7102:Gupta period
7077:
7047:, who ruled
7037:Rudrasena II
7029:Rudradaman I
7015:
6996:
6988:
6941:
6915:
6891:Second panel
6870:
6858:
6834:Second panel
6813:
6801:
6777:Second panel
6756:
6744:
6698:
6691:
6677:
6667:
6655:
6541:Winged lion.
6495:
6472:
6448:
6435:
6291:
6267:
6255:
6242:
6212:
6187:
6171:
6148:
6109:
6092:
6048:
6008:
5979:
5962:
5948:
5923:
5922:
5919:Full relief.
5870:
5853:filial piety
5838:Syama Jataka
5836:
5819:
5803:
5786:
5779:
5765:
5755:
5743:
5704:
5699:
5672:
5671:
5650:
5613:
5608:
5585:
5575:
5563:
5556:
5548:
5530:
5523:
5491:
5471:Bodhisattvas
5461:) over whom
5438:
5428:Full length
5421:
5377:
5346:
5329:
5321:
5297:
5261:
5252:
5230:
5213:
5175:
5149:
5126:
5109:
5096:
5071:
5040:
5039:
5001:
4984:
4977:
4943:
4887:
4882:
4854:
4844:
4832:
4820:
4802:
4795:
4760:
4739:
4731:
4686:Trayastrimsa
4677:Trayastrimsa
4674:
4641:
4630:
4609:Ficus Indica
4580:
4549:
4490:
4455:
4438:
4427:
4391:
4352:
4302:
4301:
4258:
4247:
4240:Paradise of
4239:
4197:
4171:
4134:
4111:
4078:
4048:
4047:
4012:
3987:
3986:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3931:
3924:
3906:
3896:
3884:
3837:
3836:
3818:The actual "
3808:
3792:Dharmachakra
3781:
3771:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3725:
3714:
3711:
3703:
3688:Right pillar
3687:
3656:
3645:
3631:
3620:Trayastrimsa
3611:
3585:
3547:
3530:
3522:
3500:
3471:dharmachakra
3456:
3439:
3412:
3405:
3391:
3381:
3369:
3349:
3327:
3314:
3280:
3220:
3210:
3205:
3130:
3106:
3101:
3085:
3075:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2995:
2992:Sarvastivada
2984:Sarvastivada
2982:
2980:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2940:
2938:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2884:
2776:
2738:
2715:
2709:
2698:
2675:
2661:
2618:
2616:
2597:
2590:
2571:
2510:
2485:
2476:
2470:
2450:
2447:
2399:
2378:
2361:Syama Jataka
2354:
2351:Jataka tales
2315:
2295:anta capital
2291:Sunga Empire
2288:
2280:Sunga Empire
2270:volutes and
2253:
2200:
2192:Sunga Empire
2165:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2020:
2006:
2005:Inscription
1989:
1978:
1919:Satakarni II
1907:
1891:
1875:
1870:Satakarni II
1855:
1853:
1830:Satakarni II
1823:
1797:Satakarni II
1753:Persepolitan
1738:
1726:, in nearby
1711:
1705:
1694:Sunga Pillar
1669:Post relief.
1596:
1593:
1586:
1541:inscription.
1407:
1400:
1372:
1208:
1207:
1122:
1102:
1062:
1058:Shunga state
1055:
1043:Ashokavadana
1040:
952:, under the
929:
914:
867:
852:
834:
813:Schism Edict
805:Wheel of Law
790:
775:Wheel of Law
662:
639:
559:
539:and ancient
533:Gupta Empire
530:
509:Gupta Empire
502:
478:
462:
431:
396:
331:
216:
213:Town or city
145:Sanchi Stupa
112:Sanchi Stupa
85:Sanchi Stupa
79:Sanchi Stupa
36:
18:Sanchi Stupa
12103:Mauryan art
11867:Other sites
11491:Kumbhalgarh
11481:Gagron Fort
10038:30 November
9513:Strong 2007
8696:Pushyamitra
8214:Pataliputra
8179:Kapilavastu
8164:Chandavaram
8138:Other Sites
7565:ambassador
7455:Alchon Huns
7327:and square
7151:Nasik Caves
6871:Top panel.
6821:Dharmacakra
6814:Top panel.
6757:Top panel.
6567:Dharmacakra
6483:Bodhi Trees
6451:Hellenistic
6422:Bodhi Tree.
6408:Dharmacakra
6292:Architraves
6188:tree, come
6174:Bodhisattva
6128:Brahmadatta
6116:Bodhisattva
6059:, the four
6024:Kapilavastu
5682:Kushinagara
5675:Kushinagara
5666:Kushinagara
5637:parinirvana
5629:Kushinagara
5620:Kushinagara
5564:Architraves
5479:Parinirmita
5475:Nirmanarati
5395:banyan tree
5388:Kapilavastu
5384:Bodhisattva
5370:. See also
5368:Kapilavastu
5353:Kapilavastu
5303:Kapilavastu
4934:The famous
4914:is held by
4902:, his baby
4896:Kapilavastu
4833:Architraves
4734:Kapilavastu
4597:banyan tree
4583:Kapilavastu
4581:Miracle at
4517:Indo-Greeks
4513:Cornu horns
4460:parinirvana
4368:Gridhrakuta
4364:Ajatashatru
4334:Panchasikha
4324:shrines in
4149:karshapanas
3760:Architraves
3628:Bodhisattva
3614:Bodhisattva
3352:Kushinagara
3344:Kushinagara
3298:Kapilavastu
3277:inscription
3260:banyan tree
3149:Kapilavastu
3064:Architraves
2887:Kapilavastu
2885:Miracle at
2760:Another one
2726:Antialcidas
2692:Karla Caves
2688:Nasik Caves
2637:Greek coins
2513:King Ashoka
2357:Bodhisattva
2338:Satavahanas
2217:mouldings,
2188:Pataliputra
2186:capital of
2176:Satavahanas
1931:Nasik Caves
1866:architraves
1755:type, with
1724:Antialkidas
1618:Stupa No. 3
1599:Satavahanas
1583:Stupa No. 3
1481:Stupa No. 2
1466:Stupa No. 2
1447:Bhagabhadra
1439:Antialkidas
1402:Stupa No. 2
1293:Half lotus.
1137:Great Stupa
817:Sankha Lipi
777:at Sanchi,
769:, 250 BCE.
765:and facing
747:Percy Brown
689:Sanghamitta
564:F.C. Maisey
522:Satavahanas
384:Raisen town
368:Sanchi Town
353: /
318:1989 (13th
315:Inscription
195:Sanchi Town
12032:Categories
11843:Gairatganj
11797:Gairatganj
11664:Gairatganj
11656:Gairatganj
11093:Sanchi.org
11054:0140561021
11026:0140081445
10988:0300062176
10966:Indian Art
10944:Literature
10315:Plaque XXI
9295:. p.
8327:References
8254:Tilaurakot
8229:Pushpagiri
8083:Kushinagar
8022:Indo-Greek
7989:script by
7951:Moggallana
7816:is at the
7757:, in 1851.
7567:Heliodorus
7563:Indo-Greek
7472:hall with
7412:Statue of
7261:this image
7177:the statue
7110:temple of
7105:tetrastyle
7054: – c.
7052: 339
6258:Satavahana
6232:4th panel
6217:rajayatana
6202:3rd panel
6184:gandharvas
6161:2nd panel
6124:mango tree
6099:Top panel
6087:guardian.
6065:See also:
6028:See also:
6004:Bodhi tree
5992:pipal tree
5969:Top panel
5953:See also:
5895:See also:
5883:gandharvas
5879:pipal tree
5875:rejoincing
5860:2nd panel
5826:Top panel
5734:See also:
5725:Bodhi tree
5717:pipal tree
5633:Shala tree
5483:Vasavartin
5416:guardian.
5349:Suddhodana
5324:Suddhodana
5311:Top panel
5292:guardian.
5242:3rd panel
5203:2nd panel
5165:Top panel
5099:Nairanjana
5086:3rd panel
5054:Bodhi Tree
5043:Bodhi Tree
5017:2nd panel
4991:Top panel
4968:design. A
4775:4th panel
4750:3rd panel
4721:2nd panel
4679:Heaven at
4648:Top panel
4620:4th panel
4605:Suddhodana
4601:gandharvas
4588:Suddhodana
4570:3rd panel
4554:pipal tree
4539:2nd panel
4445:Top panel
4417:4th panel
4408:See also:
4381:3rd panel
4372:See also:
4342:2nd panel
4271:Top panel
4229:5th panel
4214:Prasenajit
4200:Prasenajit
4187:4th panel
4161:3rd panel
4101:2nd panel
4058:mango tree
4042:levitation
4025:Top panel
3846:pipal tree
3601:3rd panel
3575:2nd panel
3564:hypaethral
3560:pipal tree
3556:Bodhi Tree
3537:Top panel
3512:3rd panel
3490:2nd panel
3446:Top panel
3332:See also:
3256:pipal tree
3244:Konagamana
3240:Kakusandha
3223:Bodhi Tree
3215:See also:
3161:Vothadvipa
3116:. Emperor
2947:Suddhodana
2902:See also:
2892:Suddhodana
2722:Indo-Greek
2718:Heliodorus
2586:pipal tree
2578:Bodhi Tree
2500:Kushinagar
2462:Kushinagar
2457:Kushinagar
2438:See also:
2365:Vessantara
2349:See also:
2297:with many
2127:1st c. BCE
2111:2nd c. BCE
2042:bodhi tree
1923:Cave No.19
1720:Indo-Greek
1716:Heliodorus
1449:in nearby
1435:Indo-Greek
1431:Heliodorus
1426:Kharoshthi
1414:Kharoshthi
1395:Stupa No.2
1379:Satavahana
1094:around it.
1088:balustrade
779:Satavahana
699:See also:
602:Stupa No.3
590:Stupa No.2
526:Stupa No.2
397:The Great
341:77°44′23″E
338:23°28′45″N
261:Dimensions
12010:Saru Maru
11884:Barna Dam
11848:Goharganj
11838:Begamganj
11792:Begamganj
11779:CD blocks
11701:Sultanpur
11683:Mandideep
11675:Goharganj
11645:Begamganj
11637:Begamganj
11538:^part of
11471:Amer Fort
11307:Northeast
11285:Taj Mahal
11239:Agra Fort
10769:www.bl.uk
10568:page scan
10376:pp. 58-59
10294:Marshall
10222:Marshall
10181:Marshall
10104:Marshall
9894:Marshall
9879:Marshall
9487:pp. 68-69
9485:Marshall
9411:Marshall
9399:Marshall
9362:p. 376 sq
8965:Marshall
8953:Marshall
8704:Agnimitra
8249:Udayagiri
8239:Ratnagiri
8194:Lalitgiri
8149:Amaravati
8121:Shravasti
8078:Bodh Gaya
7947:Sariputta
7485:Temple 45
7414:Padmapani
7339:Vajrapani
7306:Vajrapani
7285:Pillar 35
7173:Padmapani
7169:Vajrapani
7112:Classical
7011:Satakarni
6967:3rd panel
6955:2nd panel
6905:Dvarapala
6878:Dvarapala
6791:Dvarapala
6764:Dvarapala
6736:3rd panel
6724:2nd panel
6461:as well.
6221:Bodh Gaya
6150:Devadatta
6085:Dvarapala
6061:Lokapalas
5941:to visit
5939:Rajagriha
5932:to visit
5930:Rajagriha
5812:Mandakini
5715:with the
5713:Bodh Gaya
5673:Siege of
5443:Devalokas
5414:Dvarapala
5290:Dvarapala
5176:Visit of
5138:Rajagriha
5132:Rajagriha
5128:Bimbisara
5078:Bodh Gaya
5067:Lokapalas
5058:Bodh Gaya
5047:Bodh Gaya
5010:chankrama
5006:aniconism
4900:Yasodhara
4892:Siddharta
4861:Shrivatsa
4740:See also
4632:Dvarapala
4613:aniconism
4507:, or the
4470:Gandharva
4429:Dvarapala
4403:Bimbisara
4398:Bimbisara
4394:Rajagriha
4360:Bimbisara
4355:Rajagriha
4320:Buddhist
4313:Rajagriha
4303:Visit of
4264:Rajagriha
4244:(nandana)
4004:Shrivatsa
3983:Shrivatsa
3874:See also
3850:Bodh Gaya
3824:Bodh Gaya
3796:Yakshinis
3788:Shrivatsa
3594:Bodh Gaya
3570:symbols.
3550:Bodh Gaya
3479:Deer Park
3462:Deer Park
3157:Ramagrama
3153:Allakappa
3141:Rajagriha
3122:Ramagrama
3113:Ramagrama
2955:chankrama
2929:Chankrama
2875:Aniconism
2766:, in the
2593:Bodh Gaya
2574:Bodh Gaya
2537:Ramagrama
2521:Ramagrama
2272:palmettes
2224:and side
2219:wave-like
2159:1st c. CE
1910:Satakarni
1836:from the
1741:octagonal
1712:Kham Baba
1485:Kharoshti
1405:Decease.
1367:Kharoshti
1317:Elephant.
1073:Bodh Gaya
1051:Agnimitra
921:Bindusara
917:Temple 40
881:Temple 40
870:sandstone
844:Edict of
669:Sri Lanka
665:Mahavamsa
475:Transport
454:Saru Maru
305:Reference
186:, Mauryan
11963:Satdhara
11817:Udaipura
11764:Udaipura
11756:Udaipura
11695:Satlapur
11101:Archived
11084:Archived
10789:Archived
10409:Note 1.
10309:Maisey,
10281:Marshall
9455:(2007).
8852:, BRILL
8259:Varanasi
8224:Piprahwa
8126:Vaishali
8116:Sankissa
8036:See also
7993:in 1837.
7685:Gandhara
7556:aniconic
7552:pantheon
7529:Gandhara
7517:Gandhara
7492:Buddhism
7122:—
7108:prostyle
7068:Vasishka
7033:Junagadh
7025:Nahapana
7018:Scythian
6481:and two
6459:Gandhara
6219:tree at
5988:sambodhi
5686:Mallakas
5662:Mallakas
5625:Mallakas
5616:Mallakas
5489:is king.
5451:Lokapala
5220:Uruvilva
5196:Uruvilva
4970:Yakshini
4936:Yakshini
4916:Chandaka
4869:Yakshini
4694:Sankissa
4681:Sankissa
4669:Gandhara
4563:Gandhara
4531:triratna
4481:carnyxes
4318:rock-cut
4292:Gandhara
4222:Sravasti
4208:Sravasti
4206:leaving
4182:relief.
4176:Sravasti
4141:Sravasti
4137:Jetavana
4117:Sravasti
4113:Jetavana
4093:Gandhara
4085:aniconic
4074:Sravasti
4018:Sravasti
3996:garlands
3985:symbol.
3971:garlands
3917:Yakshini
3870:Gandhara
3676:plantain
3644:or the "
3568:triratna
3467:triratna
3356:Mallakas
3236:Vessabhu
3169:Kusinara
3120:visited
3107:Emperor
2972:Gandhara
2807:carnyxes
2756:triratna
2633:headband
2466:Mallakas
2453:Mallakas
2375:Miracles
2307:palmette
2299:rosettes
2262:site of
2260:Buddhist
2230:rosettes
2207:rosettes
2168:capitals
1925:of king
1899:—
1489:Gandhara
1459:Vāsudeva
1424:, where
1422:Gandhara
1397:(right).
842:—
829:Kausambi
685:Mahendra
520:and the
499:Overview
434:Satdhara
409:emperor
296:Criteria
266:Diameter
191:Location
184:Buddhist
11858:Silwani
11812:Silwani
11745:Silwani
11737:Silwani
11626:Baraily
11587:Tehsils
11159:Central
10685:p. 31ff
10269:p. 68ff
10237:p. 62ff
10224:p. 60ff
10156:p. 57ff
10138:p. 58ff
10106:p. 55ff
10069:p. 50ff
10007:p. 37ff
9987:p. 46ff
9940:3250056
9502:p. 83ff
8907:p. 15ff
8759:p. 88ff
8569:p. 90ff
8306:Bharhut
8204:Nalanda
8199:Mathura
8189:Kosambi
8169:Devdaha
8159:Bharhut
8093:Sarnath
8088:Lumbini
8014:Vidisha
7571:Vidisha
7537:Bharhut
7501:Vidisha
7470:apsidal
7325:capital
7201:stambha
7162:chaitya
7064:Mathura
6999:Vidisha
6936:Ashokan
6692:Pillars
6684:Yakshas
6621:Lakshmi
6513:Makaras
6479:Chaitya
6178:Tushita
6143:Bharhut
6132:Benares
6126:. King
5943:Vaisali
5934:Vaisali
5844:Benaras
5780:Pillars
5772:Yakshas
5592:capital
5553:toranas
5507:uparaja
5264:Brahmin
5257:Kasyapa
5158:Kasyapa
5155:Brahman
5142:Kasyapa
5104:Kasyapa
4978:Pillars
4962:mahouts
4908:Yakshas
4865:mahouts
4825:toranas
4768:Sakyans
4763:Sakyans
4523:Bharhut
4326:Western
4322:chaitya
4180:Bharhut
4153:Bharhut
4129:Bharhut
4079:In the
3977:with a
3925:Pillars
3748:toranas
3680:Chaitya
3638:Vidisha
3634:Vidisha
3616:'s hair
3483:Benares
3406:Pillars
3264:Kasyapa
3248:Kaasapa
3228:Vipassi
3145:Vaisali
3111:visits
3052:toranas
2945:, King
2890:: King
2741:Bharhut
2734:Vidisha
2664:Yavanas
2535:visits
2464:of the
2345:Jatakas
2322:Yakshas
2264:Sarnath
2246:Persian
2226:volutes
2222:scrolls
2196:Bharhut
2182:at the
2157:capital
2155:Yakshas
2153:Sanchi
2109:capital
2107:Bharhut
2092:Sarnath
2015:Vidisha
1996:Vidisha
1986:Vidisha
1860:in the
1838:Shungas
1769:railing
1749:octagon
1747:of the
1745:arrises
1728:Vidisha
1555:Centaur
1535:Griffin
1517:Lakshmi
1451:Vidisha
1384:Bharhut
1267:Centaur
1251:Peacock
1092:railing
1065:Bharhut
991:Sanchi
954:Mauryas
925:apsidal
825:Sarnath
755:Sarnath
739:capital
677:Vidisha
518:Shungas
493:Vidisha
458:Bharhut
442:Bhojpur
427:toranas
423:Vidisha
407:Mauryan
374:of the
320:Session
227:Country
11974:Sanchi
11853:Raisen
11833:Bareli
11807:Sanchi
11726:Sanchi
11720:Raisen
11712:Raisen
11618:Bareli
11052:
11038:
11024:
11010:
10986:
10972:
10957:
10911:, 1998
10891:
10721:p. 1ff
10697:p. 204
10624:p. 277
10452:p. 388
10413:
10402:Sanchi
10388:p. 100
10082:p. 296
10034:: 1–12
9938:
9845:p. 180
9731:p. 255
9665:
9636:p. 296
9615:
9588:
9561:
9469:
9194:p. 438
9112:p. 250
9079:
9052:
9008:
8943:p. 171
8931:p. 170
8919:p. 149
8892:p. 197
8854:p. 295
8802:
8783:p. 149
8730:
8700:Shunga
8692:Ashoka
8674:
8627:
8600:
8541:p. 155
8517:
8468:p. 8ff
8404:
8244:Sanchi
8144:Ajanta
8111:Rajgir
8018:Yavana
8010:Ujjain
7999:Brahmi
7987:Brahmi
7983:Brahmi
7968:Brahmi
7837:UNESCO
7824:, and
7822:London
7626:Sanchi
7505:Bhilsa
7497:Muslim
7478:Harsha
7474:Maurya
7329:abacus
7295:abacus
7250:abacus
7226:chakra
7185:London
7155:abacus
7134:temple
7074:Guptas
7003:Ujjain
6678:Right
6321:Makara
6194:Brahma
6180:Heaven
6120:Ganges
6053:Brahma
6015:Brahma
5926:Ganges
5766:Right
5729:Ashoka
5596:torana
5503:chauri
5499:amrita
5192:Brahma
5182:Brahma
4904:Rahula
4710:chauri
4698:Brahma
4592:Buddha
4525:, the
4511:-like
4509:carnyx
4493:tunics
4218:Kosala
4204:Kosala
4062:Buddha
3954:Right
3907:Right
3862:Sujata
3503:Ashoka
3458:Ashoka
3392:Right
3250:) and
3133:Buddha
3118:Ashoka
3109:Ashoka
3020:Ashoka
3008:Ashoka
2987:vinaya
2951:Buddha
2896:Buddha
2851:Makara
2764:Odisha
2743:, the
2724:ruler
2655:-like
2653:carnyx
2641:tunics
2533:Ashoka
2440:Śarīra
2363:, the
2284:mahaut
2211:ovolos
2172:Ashoka
1981:torana
1849:stupas
1828:under
1765:abacus
1573:motif.
1443:Sungas
1418:Brahmi
1410:Jataka
1375:stupas
1281:Lotus.
1106:dharma
1090:and a
1084:Sungas
997:Ashoka
874:Chunar
855:abacus
846:Ashoka
837:Sangha
821:Brahmi
797:Torana
759:abacus
743:Ashoka
673:Ujjain
658:Sungas
654:chatra
642:Ashoka
489:Bhopal
485:Bhopal
481:Bhopal
450:Sonari
446:Andher
419:chatra
415:Buddha
411:Ashoka
388:Bhopal
253:Height
236:
217:Sanchi
42:Sanchi
11591:towns
11335:South
11231:North
10733:p. 23
10709:p. 26
10670:p. 18
10636:p. 20
10612:p. 41
10564:p. 92
10355:p. 58
10343:p. 41
10330:p. 83
10296:p. 73
10183:p. 56
10024:(PDF)
9954:p. 37
9936:JSTOR
9896:p. 64
9806:p. 18
9537:p. 84
9413:p. 55
9401:p. 71
9389:p. 65
9374:p. 87
9341:p. 17
9329:p. 16
9182:p. 24
9100:p. 51
9029:p. 48
8967:p. 82
8955:p. 81
8877:p. 90
8827:p. 18
8553:p. 93
8443:p. 31
8364:p. 31
8209:Nasik
7343:vajra
7334:dhoti
7142:Gupta
6668:Left
6606:Stupa
6502:Indra
6225:devas
6190:Indra
6057:Indra
6019:jambu
6011:Indra
6000:Nagas
5887:Nagas
5873:Nagas
5848:Indra
5808:Indra
5756:Left
5495:vajra
5463:Sakra
5351:from
5271:stupa
5234:Vedic
5188:Indra
5178:Indra
4714:lotus
4706:devas
4702:Indra
4505:aulos
4485:aulos
4311:near
4305:Indra
4250:Indra
4242:Indra
4083:(non-
3988:Right
3944:Left
3897:Left
3822:" at
3624:Indra
3558:(the
3475:deers
3382:Left
3284:rajan
3232:Sikhi
3187:Nagas
3183:Tarai
3180:Nepal
3175:Asoka
3137:stupa
3126:Nagas
2811:aolus
2684:Nasik
2668:Yonas
2657:horns
2649:aulos
2625:Sakas
2620:piloi
2541:Nagas
2531:King
2517:Nagas
2268:Ionic
2242:Ionic
1927:Kanha
1894:rajan
1846:Sunga
1834:Malwa
1757:lotus
1722:king
1537:with
1445:king
1437:king
1433:from
1305:Lion.
863:geese
783:stupa
767:geese
399:Stupa
376:State
239:India
207:India
173:Stupa
11787:Badi
11607:Badi
11599:Badi
11423:West
11187:East
11050:ISBN
11036:ISBN
11022:ISBN
11008:ISBN
10984:ISBN
10970:ISBN
10955:ISBN
10889:ISBN
10440:–32.
10411:ISBN
10195:p. 4
10040:2014
9663:ISBN
9613:ISBN
9586:ISBN
9559:ISBN
9467:ISBN
9077:ISBN
9050:ISBN
9006:ISBN
8800:ISBN
8728:ISBN
8672:ISBN
8625:ISBN
8598:ISBN
8515:ISBN
8453:The
8402:ISBN
8219:Pāvā
8030:Yona
7949:and
7789:and
7320:The
7207:and
7007:Eran
7005:and
6848:Mara
6508:Naga
6192:and
6172:The
5996:Mara
5982:Mara
5891:Mara
5721:Mara
5707:Mara
5487:Mara
5467:Yama
5380:Maya
5364:Maya
5226:Naga
5216:Naga
5190:and
5180:and
5032:The
4712:and
4700:and
4690:Maya
4483:and
4328:and
4135:The
4070:Pali
3959:Left
3858:Mara
3840:Mara
3273:The
3246:and
3167:and
3165:Pava
2809:and
2703:Yona
2680:Yona
2442:and
2427:Mara
2402:Mara
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