1310:) moderated by its altitude. The dry season, which runs from November to April is cool with a January average of 12.3 °C (54.1 °F). Owing to its altitude and the relative aridity of the dry season, San Cristóbal de las Casas has a fairly high diurnal temperature range and nighttime temperatures are cool. Extended periods of frosts are rare, occurring only 2 or 3 days per year in December to February. Humidity is high (around 78 percent), even during the winter months, but fog or mist is quite common during the dry months, occurring on 13 to 17 days. Usually, this clears off during the day. The wet season, which runs from May to October is warmer, with a June average of 17.0 °C (62.6 °F) and precipitation is much higher during these months. Fog is less common during this time. Average annual precipitation is 1,084.7 millimetres (42.7 in) most of it concentrated in the wet season. The wettest month recorded was September 1998 when 525.8 millimetres (20.70 in) of precipitation was recorded, and the wettest day recorded was on October 4, 2005, with 105 millimetres (4.13 in). Extremes range from a low of −8.5 to 35.8 °C (16.7 to 96.4 °F).
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and other structures. The original church building burned and it was restored conserving its simple facade. One unusual feature of the church is that its layout is L-shaped, covering the south and west sides of a small plaza. Inside, the walls have carved wood panels and a
Neoclassical altar which has been recently restored. In the colonial period, the convent and church served as one of the main entrances into the city. An arch with tower was constructed next to the convent in 1680, now simply called the Arco del Carmen. This arch is in pure Moorish style, with three levels of decoration. It is the only one of its style in Mexico. This arch with its accompanying tower has been adopted as one of the symbols of San Cristóbal.
639:. Holy Week processions include both silent and chanting marchers. A number are dressed in pointed hoods and carry heavy platforms with religious figures. They go from house to house, stopping at those homes that have erected small shrines. There they say prayers and bless the house and its occupants before moving on. They finally come to rest in a gigantic open house where an inner shrine has been erected lit by thousands of candles, and where a large potluck supper takes place. All, even passersby, are welcome to partake. Passion plays depicting the crucifixion of Jesus are common events with one large one centered in the open plaza behind the municipal palace. After dark, there is the
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804:. The complex contains two museums. The Museo de la Historia de la Ciudad covers the history of the city until the 19th century. Of this collection, the two most important pieces are some petals of a pomegranate flower, from a receptacle for the Host in the cathedral. It is one of the most important works of Chiapas silversmithing. The rest of the piece has been lost. The other is a part of the original choir seating of the same Cathedral. The Centro Cultural de los Altos has a collection of some of the area’s textiles from each ethnicity and exhibits on how they are made. It has a store associated with it called the Sna-Jolobil, which means house of weaving in
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1108:, but these would later separate to become municipalities in their own right. In the 20th century, the outskirts of the city become filled with open pit mines for gravel and sand. There was even one opened on a hill in the San Diego and La Florecilla neighborhoods, near the historic center called Salsipuedes. These prompted environmental and local community organizations to protest, stating that the valley is a closed water basin and the mining negatively affects potable water supplies. Salsipuedes was closed in the 2000s.
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2058:. Only 4.5% of workers do not receive a salary or a regular income. Approximately 9% are employed in agriculture, compared to 54.86% regionally and 47.25% in the state. 21% are employed in construction, energy and transportation. The most important sector by economic output is mining. About 600 truckloads of jade, gravel, stone and metals are exported from San Cristóbal daily. Most of the material is destined to other municipalities in the region, although some goes to other cities in Chiapas and to states such as
564:, painted in various colors. Milk delivery from local dairy farms still use canisters on donkeys, and farmers typically still use horses and donkeys for hauling wood and farmed goods within their own properties. The city subdivides into three sections but the majority of the population lives in the central section near the city center. Many of the surrounding hills have lost their native trees, in part due to cutting firewood and logging operations which feed the local manufacturing and construction industries.
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1250:. However, most of the surrounding hills have lost their native trees, with deforestation rates at 80%, losing 15,000 hectares just since 1980. Reasons for this include cutting for firewood, urban development, poor resource management, fires and agriculture. The deforestation has led to erosion problems blocking rivers and streams and affecting underground recharge of the area's freshwater springs. It has also negatively affected endangered species such as the
1239:. While it is in a tropical zone, its climate is temperate due to the altitude. The climate is also humid, with cloud cover in the winter months that keeps temperatures down and can produce cold nights. Average temperature between December and April is 18 °C. The area receives most of its rain in the summer to early fall. However, the cloud cover that exists in winter is generally absent and daytime temperatures can go up to 35 °C with high humidity.
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678:, the patron of the city. The overall structure contains European Baroque, Moorish and indigenous influences. The main facade was finished in 1721 and some final touches were added in the 20th century. The main feature of the church is its main facade, which was finished in 1721. It is Baroque painted yellow with ornamental columns and niches in which are various saints. It is divided into three horizontal and three vertical levels marked off by pairs of
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784:, both due to the stucco work on the main facade and the gilded altarpieces which completely cover the length on the church’s interior. The facade of the main church is Baroque with Salomonic columns heavily decorated in stucco forms to mimic an altarpiece. The interior has a pulpit carved of wood and covered in gold leaf. The walls are covered in Baroque altarpieces includes those dedicated to the
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when its vendors go to the surrounding communities in the municipality to sell at their markets. On the days that it is open, the large building, which mostly houses traditional butcher shops, is surrounded by stalls which crowd the nearby streets. There are very few tourists here, except for the occasional backpacker. Markets like this serve traditional dishes such as
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The corners of this structure have inscriptions marking the major events of San Cristóbal’s history. The rest of the plaza is filled with gardens and surrounded by the most important buildings and finest homes from the history of the city. Surrounding this plaza are the city’s most important buildings such as the cathedral and the city hall.
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reduce flood risk and recharge drinking water aquifers for the city. The wetlands was designated a 115-hectare ecological conservation area in 2008, and it was designated a Ramsar Site in 2012. Gertrude Duby Biotic
Reserve is a 64-hectare reserve in the mountains immediately east of the city. It was designated in 1994 and named for
643:. The figures burned are plentiful and include, as well as Judas, government bureaucrats, church officials, army officers, US political figures, Spanish conquistadors, and popular celebrities. They are lit by local firemen who try to keep people back at a safe distance, but fireworks occasionally fall among the crowds anyway.
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century, the structure was used as a military barracks and in 1960, it was converted into the city jail which it remained until 1993. In 2000 the former monastery was further converted into the Museum of Amber, which has a collection of over three hundred pieces and is the only one of its kind in the
Americas.
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to the north. There is a great price difference between the real and fake amber, and this price difference can be enough to put authentic amber vendors out of business. Many of the sellers of fake amber are successful because many people, especially foreign tourists, do not know how to determine what
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The
Humedales de Montaña La Kisst is an urban wetland located southwest of the historic center. Springs in the area are an important source of water for the city, and the wetland helps capture, store, and filter clean water as well as provide habitat to aquatic life. In 2008 a 110-hectare area around
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The municipality contains two ecological reserves called the Cerro
Huitepec Private Reserve and the Rancho Nuevo Ecological Conservation Zone. Another protected area is the El Arcotete Forest located 15 km northeast of the city. It contains a natural bridge which was part of an ancient cave that
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treaty went into effect. On this day, EZLN forces occupied and took over the towns of San Cristóbal de las Casas, along with six other
Chiapas communities. They read their proclamation of revolt to the world and then laid siege to a nearby military base, capturing weapons and releasing many prisoners
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The
Guadalupe Church is located on the Cerro de Guadalupe. It was constructed in 1834. To reach it, there are seventy nine stairs up the hill. The church has a single nave with a side chapel. The main altar has an oil painting of the Virgin of Guadalupe and the side chapel contains a sculpture of the
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The Carmen Temple and the Arco Torre, both in
Moorish style, are located on Andador Eclesiastico. The Carmen Temple is all that remains of the former La Encarnación convent which was founded in 1597 with the first nuns arriving between 1609 and 1610. The complex includes the old cloister, nuns’ cells
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at Santo
Domingo. The city hosts an annual Amber Expo at the Centro de Convenciones Casa de Mazariegos. The event exhibits and sells amber and amber pieces from the area of the state. A more traditional Mexican market is located just north of the Santo Tomas Church. It is open each day except Sunday,
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in the same year. The wetland remains under threat from over-pumping of groundwater and encroachment by urban development. Humedales de Montaña María
Eugenia is a wetland in the southeastern portion of the city. It supports populations of fish, amphibians, and resident and migratory birds, and helps
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The center of the city is its main plaza. This plaza’s official name is Plaza 31 de marzo, but it is more often simply called the Zócalo. In the colonial era, the city’s main market was here as well as the main water supply. Today, it is centered on a kiosk which was added in the early 20th century.
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The city’s attraction for tourists has also led to a number making San Cristobal their permanent home, which has had an effect of the local culture, especially in the historic center. Many foreign residents have opened up restaurants with Italian, French, Thai, Indian, Chinese and more options, such
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San Cristóbal de las Casas is a city and municipality located in the Central Highlands region of Chiapas. As a municipality, the city functions as the governmental authority for 83 other rural communities outside the city proper, which cover a territory of 484 km. Of these communities, the most
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monks for use by the indigenous population. It is the only church in the city which has not been significantly altered since its construction. The roof is pitched and pyramid shaped built with wood and tile, and its facade is made of stone and brick with little ornamentation. Two of its images, the
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In 2000 the municipality had an illiteracy rate of just under 18%, down from just under 25% in 1990. Of these over 15, just over 16% have not finished primary school, about 17% have only primary school completed and about 48% have finished some level above that. Just under 78% of the population is
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is dedicated to the various techniques and practices of indigenous medicine, many of which are still practiced today. The Museo de las Culturas Populares de Chiapas (Museum of Popular Cultures of Chiapas) is located on Diego de Mazariego Street. It is mostly dedicated to the indigenous cultures of
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The main rivers are the Amarillo and Fogótico along with a number of streams such as the Chamula, Peje de Oro and Ojo de Agua. There are also two lakes called the Chapultepec and Cochi. The city had twenty-five natural fresh water springs, but deforestation has dried up seven and twelve flow only
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About 85% of the municipal population lives in the city proper with the rest in rural communities. The population density is 274/km, well above the regional average of 190/km and state average of 52/km. Most of the population is young, with about 68% under the age of thirty and an average age of
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Due to its high altitude the city temperatures can reach temperatures below 0 °C. Many homes burn firewood for warmth in cold weather. This can give the city a slightly smoky smell although the number of homes burning firewood for warmth has dropped in the last two decades as more homes are
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organization. These efforts would also create a “new” type of Catholic in the state called “Word of God” Catholic. These would shun the “traditionalist” Catholic practice mixed with indigenous rites and beliefs. It would also create a split in many communities as the “Word of God” Catholics were
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As of 2005, there were 32,654 residences in the municipality. About 80% of all residences are owned by their occupants. There is an average occupancy of 4.84 people per home, which is about the state average. Twenty-six percent of homes have dirt floors with about 60% having cement. Twenty-five
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The municipality has a number of ecological features. The Gruta de San Cristóbal is one of a number of caves in the mountains around the city just off Federal Highway 190 heading towards Comitán. This particular cave was discovered by Vicente Kramsky in 1947. The cave has only one entrance with
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in 1994, the city has developed a type of cult tourism focusing around the EZLN. This tourism attracts those interested in both leftist political beliefs and indigenous activism who come to see where the events of the 1990s happened as well as what is going on now. This tourism has spurred the
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era. The oldest part of the structure is an arch and columns located in the interior of the sacristy, which is decorated in stucco of various colors with floral and vegetative motifs. At the foot of the column, there are two lions symbolizing Spanish domination. In the latter half of the 19th
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attackers. The entire structure is built with extensions and abutments to provide for interlocking fields of fire. Entry to the fortifications is denied as too dangerous. The church still functions as such. It consists of a single nave, with interior remodeled in Neoclassical design during the
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Fireworks are common as there are many religious festivals which use them. Important celebrations include those dedicated to the Dulce Niño de Jesús, the Señor de Esquipulas, Saint Anthony, Corpus Christi, San Cristóbal and the Holy Family. This is in addition to the various neighborhood saint
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The most important economic sector is commerce, services and tourism, which employs almost 67% of the workforce compared to 29% for the region and 37% for the state. The city has become a renowned tourist location for its preserved colonial architecture and retention of indigenous culture and
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from Guatemala in 1537. It was built as a fortress with barracks for soldiers and space for citizens in case of attack. The church entrance has a massive wooden door with wrought iron hinges and fastenings. There are very few windows and those that exist are built to allow muskets to fire on
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in 1577 as a monastery but only the church survives. The current church was built in the 18th century with a single nave covered in a wood and tile roof. The main facade has three levels and two side towers. Inside, it has six Baroque altarpieces. The upper part of the nave has fourteen oil
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from the jails. Ruiz negotiated between the EZLN and authorities even though his leftist activism made him suspect to many authorities. This would undermine efforts and eventually the Catholic Church would split from the Zapatista movement. However, the negotiations would lead to the
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In 1829, the name Ciudad Real was changed to San Cristóbal. In the 19th century, the state government would shift back and forth between San Cristóbal, in the highlands dominated by Conservatives, and Tuxtla, dominated by Liberals. Independent tendencies arose again in 1853, when the
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Tourism is based on the city’s history, culture and indigenous population, although the tourism itself has affected the city, giving it foreign elements. Major landmarks of the city include the cathedral, the Santo Domingo church with its large open air crafts market and the
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tours” where tourists may rent an iPod which uses a GPS system to identify where any given tourist is and provide them with information regarding their surroundings. These tours allow visitors to roam the city and listen/read about the areas in which they are located.
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In 2010 the municipality of San Cristóbal de las Casas had a total population of 185,917, and the city of 158,027. Other than the city of San Cristóbal de las Casas, the municipality had 110 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were:
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or Central Highlands. Two thirds of the municipality is made up of mountainous terrain with the rest valley floor. The city proper is located at 2,200 meters above sea level in a small valley surrounded by hills. The most important of these hills include Cerro
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and it was officially declared a city in 1536. The city gained the rank of Alcadía Mayor in 1577 which gave it authority over much of Chiapas north of it. The intendencia of Chiapas was created in 1786 combining San Cristóbal’s territory with that of
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lateral chambers. It has a total length of 10.2 km and a depth of 550 meters. The Rancho Nuevo cave has a path which extends 750 meters into the interior and is lit in various colors. Around the caves, there are campsites and horseback riding.
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788:. The La Caridad Temple was constructed on the site in 1712, established as part of the first hospital for the indigenous. The main facade of this church is designed as an altarpiece with two levels, a central bell tower and Tuscan columns and
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Statue of Bartolome de las Casas, Aerial view of San Cristóbal de las Casas, Historical center, City Hall of San Cristobal de las Casas, Cathedral of San Cristóbal de las Casas, Temple and former convent of Santo Domingo, Church of Our Lady of
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in the 20th century. Franz was an explorer and archeologist and Gertrude was a journalist and photographer. The couple spent over fifty years in Chiapas collecting tools, crafts, archeological pieces and clothing, especially related to the
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The Festival Cervantino Barroco is held each year in the historic center featuring invited artists from various parts of Mexico and abroad. It is held in various forums in the city and includes concerts, plays, exhibitions and conferences.
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style and dates from the 16th century. It is named after a mermaid that appears on its crest in one of the corners. The Antiguo Colegio de San Francisco Javier today houses the Faculty of Law of the state university. It was founded by the
780:, they were given an area of land to construct their church and monastery. The first stone was laid in 1547 by Francisco Marroqui, then Bishop of Guatemala. The monastery was finished in 1551. It is one of the most ornate structures in
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percent of homes have wood sides and 65% have those made of block. About 35% have roofs of asbestos or metal with about 11% having tile roofs. Over 96% have electricity, over 82% have running water and just under 80% have sewerage.
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The Feria de la Primavera y la Paz (Spring and Peace Fair) runs concurrent with Holy Week, especially on Holy Saturday with music and costumes. It terminates with the burning of Judas. A queen is elected to be crowned the next day.
2094:”. The term originally was derogatory and referred to the large number of leftist activists which converged on the city after the EZLN uprising began. Since then, the term receives mixed reviews with some finding humor in it.
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the state with the aim of recuperating, valuing and promoting knowledge of these cultures in Chiapas and beyond. The museum has exhibits of many of these cultures and also sponsors live events related to its mission as well.
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The municipality is mostly made up of mountainous terrain, but the city sits in a small valley surrounded by hills. The city’s center maintains its Spanish colonial layout and much of its architecture, with red tile roofs,
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18 km outside the city proper, until the airport was closed in 2010. The municipality has 193.17 km of highway, most of which is state highway connecting the city to Tuxtla Gutierrez and to points north such as
1151:. This congress was the first of its kind with the goal of uniting the indigenous peoples politically. These efforts were also supported by leftist organizations from outside Mexico, especially to form unions of
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from the city in 1864. The state government was moved from San Cristóbal to Tuxtla for good in 1892 by the Liberal government. There was a failed attempt in 1911 by Conservatives in San Cristóbal and neighboring
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as bishop of Chiapas in 1960. In the 1960s and 1970s, the traditional Catholic Church was losing indigenous adherents to Protestant and other Christian groups. To counter this, Ruiz supported and worked with
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important include La Candelaria, San Antonio del Monte, Mitziton, San José Yashitinin, El Pinar, Buenavista, Pedernal, Corazon de Maria and Zacualpa Ecatepec. The municipality borders the municipalities of
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The San Cristóbal Church is atop a long staircase up the hill. It is often closed but it offers panoramic views of the city. At the San Cristóbal church the patron saint is celebrated on 25 July with
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as vegetarian. An older foreign influence is the city’s noted cured meat tradition, which can be traced back to both the Spanish and the Germans. These are featured in a number of dishes including
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Virgin from 1850. The atrium affords panoramic views of the city. The feast of this Virgin is celebrated annually with a parade on the main street with fireworks, rockets and candlelight vigils.
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and ended the rebellion peacefully. By the time he died in 2011, Ruiz was locally given the name of “Tatic”, which means “father” in Tzotzil, and received numerous distinctions including the
1068:’ declaration of independence from Spain and the Captaincy General of Guatemala. However, the city and the rest of Chiapas became a part of Mexico in 1824, with the capital established here.
1966:. There are also a number of rural roads (44.9 km) as well as roads maintained by the Secretarías de Obras Públicas, Desarrollo Rural, Defensa Nacional, and Comisión Nacional del Agua.
722:. It is common to see older indigenous women in the cathedral, with some even traversing the entire nave on their knees to approach the large image of Jesus handing above the Baroque altar.
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in 1681 for the education of the Spanish elite. Its current facade is two levels in Neoclassical style. The interior contains murals about the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
821:(House of the Jaguar) is a museum, hotel and restaurant located outside the city’s historic center. The structure was built as part of a seminary in 1891, but it became the home of
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The municipality contains over 80 hotels with more than 2,000 rooms. The city government serves tourists through traditional information booths with guided tours and also offers “
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The Santo Tomas Church is just north of the historic center. It has a museum in the back, in a building which was the barracks and parade grounds built when the city was founded.
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Although the political capital of Chiapas was moved to Tuxtla at the end of the 19th century, San Cristóbal is considered to be the “cultural capital” of the state. Designated a “
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In 1915, the state went to the municipality system with San Cristóbal becoming a municipality. Originally, it had jurisdiction over communities such as San Lucas, Zinacantán,
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was announced declaring the then Mexican Constitution null. Conservative forces attacked the city in 1857 but were dislodged shortly thereafter by Liberal Angel Albino Corzo.
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The cathedral is to the north of the main plaza and it is the most emblematic symbol of the city. However, the main facade does not face the Zócalo, rather it faces its own
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The most important manufactured goods produced in the city are jade, textiles and amber, although others such as ceramics, metal works, carved wood products, clothing and
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twenty. Population growth is about 4.10%, above the regional and state averages of 2.37 and 2.06% respectively. The population is expected to double within twenty years.
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traditions. Many residents of the city wear indigenous clothing regularly. Market vendors in the city are known for being very aggressive when trying to secure a sale.
2066:. This heavy strip mining has gradually eaten away at the natural landscape of some areas and has negatively affected the recharge of surface and subsurface water.
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influences. The layout of the interior shows Moorish influence. The main altar is dedicated to both the Virgin of the Assumption and Saint Christopher. The wood
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There has been a recent problem with fake amber being sold on the street, either made of plastic or glass. True Chiapas amber is extracted from the town of
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As of 2010, 59,943 people in the municipality spoke an indigenous language. The two most important ethnic groups in the area are the Tzotzil and Tzetzal.
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The city, especially the historic center, has maintained its Spanish colonial layout, with narrow cobblestone streets, roofs covered in red clay tile and
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2591:"Denuncian daños por operación de minas en San Cristóbal de las Casas" [Denounce damage from operation of mines in San Cristobal de las Casas].
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At the back of the cathedral, there is an affixed church called the San Nicolás Temple. It was constructed between 1613 and 1621 in Moorish design by
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UNEP-WCMC (2022). Protected Area Profile for Humedales de Montaña María Eugenia from the World Database of Protected Areas. Accessed 30 March 2022.
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The Santa Lucía Church was constructed in 1884 by architect Carlos Z. Flores over what was a dilapidated chapel. It consists of a single nave with
800:. There is an image of the Virgen de la Caridad (Virgin of Charity) carrying a baton like a military general. There is also a notable sculpture of
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of this area, Diego de Mazariegos founded the city as a military fort. This city and much of what would be the state of Chiapas came under the
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UNEP-WCMC (2022). Protected Area Profile for Humedales de Montaña La Kisst from the World Database of Protected Areas. Accessed 1 April 2022.
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is from the 16th century and gilded. The side walls have two Baroque altarpieces, one to the Virgin of the Assumption and the other to
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in 2010. Much of this culture is associated with the city’s and municipality’s large indigenous population, which is mostly made up of
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during the rainy season, leaving six for the city year round. These and the remaining surface lakes were declared protected in 2008.
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The city hall, often called the Palacio de Gobierno, is a Neoclassical construction which was built in the 19th century by architect
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1024:. There were some modifications in the early 20th century to the name but it returned to San Cristóbal de las Casas in 1943. In the
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another important product. Ceramics, wrought iron and filigree jewelry can be found as well. The best known area for crafts is the
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Martín Morita (August 8, 2010). "Pierde San Cristóbal sus cerros y bosques" [San Cristóbal loses its hills and forests].
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UNEP-WCMC (2022). Protected Area Profile for Gertrude Duby from the World Database of Protected Areas. Accessed 30 March 2022.
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streets and wrought iron balconies often with flowers. Most of the city’s economy is based on commerce, services and tourism.
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2211:(in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal, Gobierno del Estado de Chiapas. 2005
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in the 17th century, with San Cristóbal as its seat, this church was torn down to build the current structure, dedicated to
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is real. However, one indicator is price, as true amber cannot be sold for the very low prices that street vendors offer.
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Activism and resentment continued from the 1970s to the 1990s. During this decade, the Mexican federal government adopted
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Martín Morita (January 25, 2011). "Fallece defensor de causa indígena" [Defender of the indigenous cause dies].
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creation of Zapatista-themed shops which sell EZLN shirts and other souvenirs. This tourism has been given the name of “
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870:, food and fireworks. For ten days previously, each of the main neighborhoods has a pilgrimage to the top of the hill.
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Contributions to the Sociology of Language : Mexican Indigenous Languages at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century
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571:” (Magical Village) in 2003, it was further recognized as “The most magical of the Pueblos Mágicos” by President
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celebrations in their respective churches around town. However, the most elaborate rituals are performed during
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2373:[Weekend in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine
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Casa de las Sirenas is one of the most notable domestic structures from the colonial era. It was built by
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2641:. Aida Hernandez Castillo and Lynne Stephen. Austin, TX, USA: University of Texas Press. pp. 13–14.
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The grievances of these activists would be taken up by a small guerrilla band led by a man called only “
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San Cristóbal has the second-lowest rate of economic marginalization in the state of Chiapas following
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Zapaturismo in San Cristobal de las Casas, Mexico: Marketplace capitalism meets revolutionary tourism
2130:"San Cristóbal de Las Casas (Municipality, Mexico) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location"
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2105:
or open air market at Santo Domingo which specializes in selling these locally produced products.
3559:
3524:
3259:
3239:
3216:
2957:
2699:
2046:
964:
3799:
2995:
1274:
the wetlands was designated an ecological conservation area, and 35 hectares were designated a
1251:
956:
3679:
3529:
3264:
2251:
2129:
445:. It was the capital of the state until 1892, and is still considered the cultural capital of
3774:
3689:
3604:
3439:
3399:
3103:
801:
710:
on the north side. The sacristy has a large colonial era paintings of Jesus in Gethsemane by
666:
which is called the Cathedral Plaza. The cathedral began as a modest church dedicated to the
663:
3279:
3073:
Martín Morita (March 23, 2010). "'El precio lo dice todo'" [The price says it all].
1188:
3849:
3639:
3509:
3284:
3274:
2890:
1175:
932:
561:
553:
342:
3907:
3839:
3469:
8:
3174:
3169:
1132:
997:
905:
707:
3814:
3539:
3136:
2894:
2055:
1946:
1057:
745:. The city hall is scene to fairly frequent protests, some directly associated with the
3699:
3664:
3624:
3519:
3414:
3314:
3244:
3201:
3161:
2692:
2082:
2030:
Catholic with about 15% belonging to Protestant, Evangelical or other Christian sects.
1288:
1231:, San José Bocomtenelté, Cerro San Felipe, Cerro El Extranjero, Cerro Cruz Carreta, El
1180:
Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN)
826:
667:
538:
3789:
3499:
572:
88:
3704:
3619:
3608:
3579:
3424:
3289:
3206:
2829:
2790:
2703:
2670:
2642:
2614:
2566:
1963:
1882:
1834:
1283:
1223:
1048:
936:
675:
504:
488:
482:
431:
3649:
2902:
2724:
854:
3654:
3534:
3429:
3096:
2898:
2565:] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Editorial Océano de México, SA de CV. p. 35.
1987:
1160:
loyal directly to the bishop in San Cristóbal, with traditionalists loyal to local
1029:
1025:
805:
679:
640:
410:
397:
221:
3334:
847:
760:
3927:
3694:
3544:
3479:
3344:
3211:
3151:
1128:
1105:
835:
831:
769:
703:
496:
246:
3569:
2488:
2050:
Multilingual instructions for the SMS based city tourism and information system.
1144:
730:
Señor de la Misericordia and the Virgen de los Dolores are both from Guatemala.
3917:
1990:. Indigenous Mayan languages are spoken by about half of the city's population.
1136:
879:
580:
576:
329:
3474:
3304:
1291:, a journalist, anthropologist, environmentalist, and San Cristóbal resident.
3957:
3784:
3674:
3484:
3349:
1168:
818:
781:
738:
466:
462:
186:
173:
3859:
3504:
3319:
2852:
2667:
Mayan Voices for Human Rights : Displaced Catholics in Highland Chiapas
2613:. Berlin: DEU: Walter de Gruyter & Co. KG Publishers. pp. 108–112.
2595:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Agencia el Universal. August 20, 2010. p. 1.
542:
3809:
3729:
3724:
1122:
San Cristóbal became the center of political activism with the election of
1036:
842:
785:
726:
620:
549:
3454:
3444:
3404:
3369:
611:. Foreign influence can also be seen in the city’s nightlife which offers
3844:
3434:
3374:
3186:
2863:
2091:
2087:
1123:
968:
924:
909:
874:
754:
711:
616:
454:
3819:
3769:
3614:
3589:
3354:
3329:
1928:
Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico National (normals 1951–2010, extremes)
858:
Display at the Museum of Amber located at the former La Merced monastery
626:
3634:
3629:
3594:
3564:
3514:
3489:
3249:
2038:
1933:
Source 2: Colegio de Postgraduados (sun, humidity, extremes 1951–1980)
1064:, with the government in San Cristóbal. In 1821, the city followed the
822:
683:
3854:
3804:
3449:
3394:
947:
cultures. There is also a life-sized replica of the burial chamber of
522:
3942:
3877:
3754:
3714:
3669:
3549:
3384:
3364:
3221:
2109:
1200:
1182:, came to the world’s attention when on January 1, 1994, the day the
1061:
1000:
in what was called the Hueyzacatlán Valley, which means “pasture” in
984:
810:
695:
648:
636:
534:
320:
3734:
3719:
3379:
1032:
languages the name of the area is Jovel, “the place in the clouds”.
885:
757:. These protests are generally accompanied by lines of riot police.
3912:
3882:
3794:
3779:
3764:
3759:
3744:
3739:
3709:
3574:
3554:
3389:
2824:
2813:
2785:
2102:
2098:
2063:
1978:
1959:
1275:
1228:
1215:
1114:
1093:
1004:. From then on, the city went through a number of name changes: to
952:
901:
789:
588:
530:
526:
518:
422:
241:
371:
3749:
3494:
3459:
3339:
3127:
3121:
2059:
1161:
1101:
1082:
1001:
973:
867:
841:
The La Merced monastery was the first in the city founded by the
773:
608:
593:
514:
446:
442:
226:
2873:
1243:
integrating climate-control systems under city recommendations.
3824:
3599:
3309:
2876:"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"
1196:
1035:
The area did not have a pre-Hispanic city. After defeating the
940:
928:
742:
699:
691:
687:
612:
596:
552:
balconies with flowers. The facades of the buildings vary from
435:
214:
2639:
Dissident Women : Gender and Cultural Politics in Chiapas
2874:
Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006).
2698:. Port Chester, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. p.
2669:. Austin, TX, USA: University of Texas Press. pp. 2–10.
2074:
1222:
The city and municipality are located in a region called the
1183:
1155:
organizations. These unions would later form the base of the
1152:
948:
944:
920:
777:
600:
584:
349:
325:
2546:(PhD thesis). University of Manitoba Canada. Docket MR48952.
1111:
The city was declared a national historic monument in 1974.
477:
1983:
1211:
1156:
916:
797:
793:
792:. Its design is derived from the Baroque that developed in
750:
469:, but it has natural attractions such as caves and rivers.
41:
2992:"Normales climatológicas para San C. De Las Casa, Chiapas"
2209:
Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Estado de Chiapas
603:
de granillo and a drink called posh made from sugar cane.
492:
One of the gilded panels inside the Santo Domingo Church
2491:(in Spanish). Chiapas: Secretaría de Turismo de Chiapas
1051:. San Cristóbal received its coat of arms in 1535 from
2994:(in Spanish). Colegio de Postgraduados. Archived from
2371:"Fin de semana en San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas"
1945:
San Cristóbal de las Casas is located 80 km from
1020:
in 1829. “de las Casas” was added in 1848 in honor of
2559:
Chiapas: Guía para descubrir los encantos del estado
904:on its walls and pointed arches. The main altar is
2691:
2563:Chiapas: Guide to discover the charms of the state
142:
109:
2408:[Wake up in San Cristobal de las Casas].
3955:
2556:
706:. There is also a small chapel dedicated to the
686:. It is further decorated with intricate raised
2101:jewelry can be found as well. There is a large
2722:
2412:(in Spanish). Guadalajara, Mexico. May 1, 2011
1998:Two Tzotzil women on a street in San Cristóbal
749:and others are held by student activists from
737:. It contains a series of arches supported by
3104:
3072:
2935:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico National
2769:
2745:
2557:Jiménez González, Victor Manuel, ed. (2009).
2537:
2535:
2533:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2307:
2246:
465:museum. The municipality has suffered severe
2774:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. p. 14.
2750:(in Spanish). Monterrey, Mexico. p. 11.
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
1317:Climate data for San Cristóbal de las Casas
1199:and the International Human Rights Award in
764:Textile stall in the market at Santo Domingo
472:
2604:
2602:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
955:as it looked when the king was buried. The
878:paintings. The atrium has a sculpted stone
3111:
3097:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2683:
2550:
2541:
2530:
2503:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
873:The San Francisco Church was built by the
3068:
3066:
2716:
2632:
2630:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2406:"Despertar en San Cristóbal de las Casas"
2223:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2963:(in Spanish). Comision Nacional Del Agua
2660:
2658:
2599:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2516:"Catedral de San Cristóbal de las Casas"
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2385:
2324:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2045:
2037:
1993:
1977:
1210:
1113:
983:
889:Mayan mask at the Jade Museum of Chiapas
884:
853:
809:
759:
625:
503:
495:
487:
476:
27:City and municipality in Chiapas, Mexico
3010:
2952:
2950:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2754:
2739:
2689:
2608:
2266:
2254:(in Spanish). Chiapas: State of Chiapas
1078:The last of French forces were expelled
14:
3956:
3077:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 15.
3063:
2727:. Texas: Houston Institute for Culture
2627:
2252:"Ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas"
2033:
1299:San Cristóbal de las Casas has a mild
1246:The natural vegetation of the area is
421:
3092:
2975:
2664:
2655:
2636:
2579:
2424:
2310:"San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas"
2140:
915:The Museo Mesoamericano del Jade has
670:built in 1528. When Chiapas became a
396:
270:394.2 km (152.2 sq mi)
3979:Populated places established in 1528
2947:
2916:
2825:"Humedales de Montaña María Eugenia"
2042:Inside the Rosalia Store in the city
1085:to force the return of the capital.
1010:Villa de San Cristóbal de los Llanos
2958:"NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1981-2000"
2933:"NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1951-2010"
1147:peoples as well as Marists and the
630:Kiosk in the main plaza of the city
278:35.6 km (13.7 sq mi)
155:San Cristóbal de las Casas (Mexico)
24:
2019:(1,109), all classified as rural.
1039:in the Northern Mountains and the
398:[saŋkɾisˈtoβaldelasˈkasas]
25:
4000:
3084:
2308:Larry Freeman (January 1, 2004).
1940:
3984:1528 establishments in New Spain
3185:
3120:
690:work mostly in white which show
207:
141:
134:
108:
101:
87:
72:
53:
3045:
3031:Secretaría de Desarrollo Social
2867:
2856:
2845:
2817:
2806:
2786:"Humedales de Montaña La Kisst"
2778:
2665:Kovic, Christine Marie (2005).
1973:
2518:(in Spanish). Mexico: INDAABIN
2122:
1178:.” His small band, called the
1045:Captaincy General of Guatemala
500:Interior view of the Cathedral
13:
1:
2609:Hidalgo, Margarita G (2006).
2116:
1716:Average rainfall mm (inches)
1131:following an ideology called
599:, sopa de pan, asado coleto,
3023:"San Cristóbal de las Casas"
2725:"Chiapas-Forever Indigenous"
2637:Speed, Shannon, ed. (2006).
2489:"San Cristóbal de las Casas"
2205:"San Cristóbal de las Casas"
1301:subtropical highland climate
1206:
409:), also known by its native
315:5,200/km (13,000/sq mi)
286:2,200 m (7,200 ft)
7:
2903:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
1576:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1436:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1016:in 1536. It was changed to
772:came to San Cristóbal from
10:
4005:
3964:San Cristóbal de las Casas
3685:San Cristóbal de las Casas
3645:Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán
3300:Benemérito de las Américas
1953:. It had an airport named
1932:
1927:
1316:
1294:
979:
814:Sign for the Casa Na Bolom
390:San Cristóbal de las Casas
149:San Cristóbal de las Casas
116:San Cristóbal de las Casas
60:Above, from left to right:
34:San Cristóbal de las Casas
18:San Cristobal de Las Casas
3969:Municipalities of Chiapas
3868:
3270:Amatenango de la Frontera
3230:
3194:
3183:
3144:
3134:
2832:Sites Information Service
2793:Sites Information Service
2694:Concise History of Mexico
1880:
1832:
1785:
1715:
1645:
1575:
1505:
1435:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
682:and meant to resemble an
473:The town and municipality
366:
356:
339:
319:
312: • Seat density
311:
303:
296: • Municipality
295:
290:
282:
274:
267: • Municipality
266:
261:
256:
240:
232:
220:
202:
167:
95:
86:
68:
52:
39:
32:
3660:Rincón Chamula San Pedro
3585:Ocozocoautla de Espinosa
3325:Capitán Luis Ángel Vidal
1280:international importance
992:The city was founded as
802:Saint James on horseback
714:as well as paintings by
668:Virgin of the Assumption
508:San Cristóbal City Hall.
3560:Montecristo de Guerrero
3217:Sierra Madre de Chiapas
3027:Catálogo de Localidades
2723:John P. Schmal (2004).
2690:Hamnett, Brian (1999).
2312:. Mexconnect newsletter
1258:), which winters here.
1129:Marist priests and nuns
1018:Ciudad de San Cristóbal
3053:"Catálogo Localidades"
2051:
2043:
1999:
1991:
1252:golden-cheeked warbler
1219:
1119:
1022:Bartolomé de las Casas
989:
908:with Neoclassical and
890:
859:
815:
765:
631:
509:
501:
493:
485:
251:Bartolomé de las Casas
3898:Lagunas de Montebello
3440:Honduras de la Sierra
3057:microrregiones.gob.mx
2134:www.citypopulation.de
2049:
2041:
2005:San Antonio del Monte
1997:
1986:advertisement in the
1981:
1256:Setophaga chrysoparia
1214:
1149:Maoist People’s Union
1117:
987:
888:
857:
813:
763:
629:
507:
499:
491:
480:
357:Postal code (of seat)
341: • Summer (
187:16.73667°N 92.63833°W
3878:Cascada de Agua Azul
3275:Amatenango del Valle
2998:on February 22, 2013
1366:Record high °C (°F)
1176:Subcomandante Marcos
1066:Comitán de Domínguez
994:Villa Real de Chiapa
965:Andrés de la Tovilla
957:Maya Medicine Museum
3835:Venustiano Carranza
3680:San Andrés Duraznal
3530:Marqués de Comillas
2895:2006MetZe..15..259K
2542:Ginna Berg (2008).
2034:Economy and tourism
2017:San José Yashitinín
1786:Average rainy days
1646:Record low °C (°F)
1506:Daily mean °C (°F)
1193:Simón Bolívar Prize
1133:liberation theology
1098:San Miguel Mitontic
1090:San Felipe Ecatepec
998:Diego de Mazariegos
708:Virgin of Guadalupe
192:16.73667; -92.63833
183: /
125:Show map of Chiapas
3520:Maravilla Tenejapa
3280:Ángel Albino Corzo
3202:Chiapas Depression
2083:Zapatista uprising
2052:
2044:
2000:
1992:
1289:Gertrude Duby Blom
1220:
1189:San Andrés Accords
1120:
1047:in 1532 headed by
990:
891:
860:
827:Gertrude Duby Blom
816:
766:
720:Eusebio de Aguilar
632:
510:
502:
494:
486:
481:The Santo Domingo
423:[xɤ̞ˈve̞l]
158:Show map of Mexico
122:Location in Mexico
3989:Chiapas Highlands
3951:
3950:
3840:Villa Comaltitlán
3705:Santiago el Pinar
3425:Frontera Comalapa
3290:Bejucal de Ocampo
3207:Chiapas Highlands
2709:978-0-521-61802-1
2676:978-0-292-70640-8
2620:978-3-11-018597-3
2572:978-607-400-059-7
1937:
1936:
1835:relative humidity
1284:Ramsar Convention
1224:Chiapas Highlands
1049:Pedro de Alvarado
680:Solomonic columns
676:Saint Christopher
483:Dominican convent
432:Central Highlands
426:), is a town and
387:
386:
304: • Seat
275: • Seat
16:(Redirected from
3996:
3815:Tuxtla Gutiérrez
3535:Mazapa de Madero
3465:La Independencia
3430:Frontera Hidalgo
3189:
3137:Tuxtla Gutiérrez
3125:
3124:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3019:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2988:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2880:
2871:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2821:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2697:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2577:
2576:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2512:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2367:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2305:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2248:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2138:
2137:
2126:
2056:Tuxtla Gutiérrez
1988:Tzeltal language
1955:Corazón de María
1947:Tuxtla Gutiérrez
1789:
1314:
1313:
1083:San Juan Chamula
1012:in 1531, and to
919:pieces from the
735:Carlos Z. Flores
641:Burning of Judas
425:
420:
408:
407:
406:
400:
395:
383:
380:
377:
375:
373:
346:
213:
211:
210:
198:
197:
195:
194:
193:
188:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
159:
145:
144:
138:
126:
112:
111:
105:
91:
76:
57:
30:
29:
21:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3974:Pueblos Mágicos
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3928:Sumidero Canyon
3870:Protected areas
3864:
3695:San Juan Cancuc
3410:Emiliano Zapata
3360:Chiapa de Corzo
3226:
3212:Lacandon Forest
3190:
3181:
3140:
3130:
3119:
3117:
3087:
3082:
3071:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3021:
3020:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2768:
2755:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2607:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2573:
2555:
2551:
2540:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2306:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2036:
1976:
1943:
1938:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1297:
1270:was worn away.
1248:pine–oak forest
1209:
988:Del Carmen Arch
982:
832:Lacandon Jungle
704:John of Nepomuk
573:Felipe Calderón
475:
430:located in the
418:
402:
401:
393:
381:
370:
362:
340:
247:St. Christopher
208:
206:
191:
189:
185:
182:
177:
174:
172:
170:
169:
163:
162:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
146:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
113:
82:
81:
80:
79:
64:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4002:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Selva El Ocote
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:La Encrucijada
3885:
3880:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:Las Margaritas
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Francisco León
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3232:Municipalities
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3086:
3085:External links
3083:
3081:
3080:
3062:
3044:
3009:
2974:
2946:
2915:
2889:(3): 259–263.
2866:
2855:
2844:
2816:
2805:
2777:
2753:
2738:
2715:
2708:
2682:
2675:
2654:
2647:
2626:
2619:
2598:
2578:
2571:
2549:
2529:
2502:
2423:
2384:
2323:
2265:
2222:
2139:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2035:
2032:
1975:
1972:
1942:
1941:Infrastructure
1939:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:sunshine hours
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1296:
1293:
1208:
1205:
1074:Plan of Yalmús
981:
978:
880:baptismal font
739:Tuscan columns
716:Miguel Cabrera
474:
471:
434:region of the
385:
384:
368:
364:
363:
360:
358:
354:
353:
347:
337:
336:
323:
317:
316:
313:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
259:
258:
254:
253:
244:
238:
237:
234:
230:
229:
224:
218:
217:
204:
200:
199:
165:
164:
154:
148:
147:
140:
139:
133:
132:
131:
130:
121:
115:
114:
107:
106:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
84:
83:
77:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
58:
50:
49:
40:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4001:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:Volcán Tacaná
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:Nahá–Metzabok
3906:
3904:
3903:Montes Azules
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:La Trinitaria
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Salto de Agua
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Ixtapangajoya
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Chapultenango
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:Chalchihuitán
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2848:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2809:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2742:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2648:0-292-71417-3
2644:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2411:
2410:El Informador
2407:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2040:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:(1,293), and
2014:
2010:
2009:La Candelaria
2006:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1982:Pictured, an
1980:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:Mean monthly
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1169:neoliberalism
1165:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Villa Viciosa
1003:
999:
995:
986:
977:
975:
970:
966:
961:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
913:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
887:
883:
881:
876:
871:
869:
864:
856:
852:
849:
848:Porfirio Díaz
844:
839:
837:
833:
828:
824:
820:
819:Casa Na Bolom
812:
808:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:Latin America
779:
775:
771:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
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736:
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723:
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569:Pueblo Mágico
565:
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546:
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516:
506:
498:
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468:
467:deforestation
464:
463:Casa Na Bolom
458:
456:
450:
448:
444:
440:
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433:
429:
424:
416:
412:
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379:
374:.sancristobal
369:
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205:
201:
196:
168:Coordinates:
166:
137:
104:
94:
90:
85:
75:
67:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
3923:La Sepultura
3830:Unión Juárez
3810:Tuxtla Chico
3730:Solosuchiapa
3725:Socoltenango
3690:San Fernando
3684:
3570:Nicolás Ruiz
3400:La Concordia
3074:
3056:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3026:
3000:. Retrieved
2996:the original
2965:. Retrieved
2937:. Retrieved
2906:. Retrieved
2886:
2882:
2869:
2858:
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2828:
2819:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2789:
2780:
2771:
2747:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2718:
2693:
2685:
2666:
2638:
2610:
2593:El Universal
2592:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2520:. Retrieved
2493:. Retrieved
2414:. Retrieved
2409:
2375:. Retrieved
2314:. Retrieved
2256:. Retrieved
2213:. Retrieved
2208:
2133:
2124:
2107:
2096:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2053:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2001:
1974:Demographics
1968:
1944:
1307:
1298:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1221:
1173:
1166:
1121:
1110:
1087:
1070:
1034:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:in 1529, to
1005:
993:
991:
962:
914:
899:
896:
892:
872:
865:
861:
843:Mercedarians
840:
817:
786:Holy Trinity
767:
732:
724:
661:
657:
653:
645:
633:
605:
566:
558:Neoclassical
550:wrought iron
547:
511:
459:
451:
428:municipality
414:
389:
388:
382:(in Spanish)
333:(US Central)
78:Coat of arms
59:
46:municipality
3850:Villaflores
3845:Villa Corzo
3640:El Porvenir
3510:La Libertad
3475:Ixtacomitán
3435:La Grandeza
3375:Chicomuselo
3305:Berriozábal
3295:Bella Vista
3166:Government
3002:January 18,
2967:January 18,
2939:January 18,
2908:January 18,
2883:Meteorol. Z
2092:Zapatourism
2088:Zapaturismo
1951:Highway 190
1237:Tzontehuitz
1139:, Tzotzil,
1124:Samuel Ruiz
1014:Ciudad Real
996:in 1528 by
969:Plateresque
925:Teotihuacan
910:Art Nouveau
875:Franciscans
755:Mexico City
727:Augustinian
712:Juan Correa
455:cobblestone
190: /
3958:Categories
3933:El Triunfo
3860:Zinacantán
3635:Pijijiapan
3630:Pichucalco
3595:Osumacinta
3565:Motozintla
3515:Mapastepec
3505:Larráinzar
3490:Jiquipilas
3320:Cacahoatán
3260:Altamirano
3250:Acapetahua
3240:Acacoyagua
2117:References
2081:Since the
1788:(≥ 0.1 mm)
1282:under the
1235:and Cerro
912:elements.
823:Frans Blom
770:Dominicans
747:Zapatistas
696:Guatemalan
684:altarpiece
651:are held.
649:Bullfights
623:and more.
543:Zinacantán
419:pronounced
291:Population
257:Government
178:92°38′18″W
175:16°44′12″N
3943:Yaxchilan
3893:Lacan-Tun
3755:Tapachula
3715:Simojovel
3700:San Lucas
3670:Sabanilla
3665:Las Rosas
3625:El Parral
3550:Mezcalapa
3455:Huitiupán
3445:Huehuetán
3415:Escuintla
3405:Copainalá
3385:Cintalapa
3370:Chicoasén
3365:Chiapilla
3315:El Bosque
3222:Soconusco
3175:Governors
3139:(capital)
3126:State of
3033:(SEDESOL)
2110:Simojovel
2011:(1,955),
2007:(2,196),
1207:Geography
1201:Nuremberg
1164:leaders.
1141:Tojolabal
1118:EZLN flag
1062:Soconusco
902:pilasters
790:pilasters
637:Holy Week
539:San Lucas
535:Chiapilla
352:(Central)
321:Time zone
283:Elevation
242:Named for
63:Guadalupe
3913:Palenque
3883:Chan-Kin
3820:Tuzantán
3795:Totolapa
3780:Teopisca
3775:Tenejapa
3770:Tecpatán
3765:Tapilula
3760:Tapalapa
3745:Suchiate
3740:Suchiapa
3710:Siltepec
3620:Pantepec
3615:Pantelhó
3609:Palenque
3605:Palenque
3590:Ostuacán
3580:Ocotepec
3575:Ocosingo
3555:Mitontic
3470:Ixhuatán
3390:Coapilla
3355:Chenalhó
3330:Catazajá
3170:Congress
3037:23 April
2837:30 March
2798:31 March
2772:El Norte
2748:El Norte
2103:tianguis
2099:filigree
2064:Campeche
2013:Mitzitón
1964:Palenque
1960:Ocosingo
1833:Average
1781:(42.69)
1276:wetlands
1233:Arcotete
1229:Huitepec
1216:Huitepec
1094:Tenejapa
1053:Carlos V
1041:Chiapans
953:Palenque
868:marimbas
609:chalupas
589:tianguis
581:Tzeltals
577:Tzotzils
531:Totolapa
527:Teopisca
519:Tenejapa
394:Spanish:
3855:Yajalón
3805:Tumbalá
3750:Sunuapa
3655:Reforma
3540:Mazatán
3495:Jitotol
3460:Huixtla
3450:Huixtán
3395:Comitán
3340:Chamula
3285:Arriaga
3195:Regions
3162:Cuisine
3128:Chiapas
3075:Reforma
2891:Bibcode
2522:May 13,
2495:May 13,
2416:May 13,
2377:May 13,
2316:May 13,
2258:May 13,
2215:May 13,
2060:Tabasco
1779:1,084.7
1776:(0.48)
1771:(1.29)
1766:(4.29)
1761:(8.48)
1756:(6.06)
1751:(5.65)
1746:(8.91)
1741:(4.40)
1736:(1.72)
1731:(0.63)
1726:(0.43)
1721:(0.35)
1711:(16.7)
1706:(17.6)
1701:(21.0)
1696:(27.5)
1691:(32.2)
1686:(34.2)
1681:(34.7)
1676:(34.3)
1671:(33.8)
1666:(23.0)
1661:(18.5)
1656:(18.5)
1651:(16.7)
1641:(46.6)
1636:(41.2)
1631:(44.6)
1626:(49.3)
1621:(52.2)
1616:(50.9)
1611:(51.1)
1606:(52.7)
1601:(49.5)
1596:(46.0)
1591:(42.8)
1586:(40.1)
1581:(39.6)
1571:(59.0)
1566:(54.5)
1561:(56.8)
1556:(59.9)
1551:(61.5)
1546:(61.7)
1541:(61.7)
1536:(62.6)
1531:(61.5)
1526:(60.3)
1521:(58.1)
1516:(55.4)
1511:(54.1)
1501:(71.4)
1496:(67.8)
1491:(69.3)
1486:(70.3)
1481:(71.1)
1476:(72.5)
1471:(72.5)
1466:(72.3)
1461:(73.6)
1456:(74.3)
1451:(73.2)
1446:(70.5)
1441:(68.5)
1431:(96.4)
1426:(92.3)
1421:(86.0)
1416:(91.4)
1411:(85.1)
1406:(84.2)
1401:(92.3)
1396:(93.2)
1391:(96.4)
1386:(87.8)
1381:(92.3)
1376:(86.0)
1371:(86.9)
1295:Climate
1162:cacique
1137:Tzeltal
1102:Huixtan
1030:Tzeltal
1026:Tzotzil
1002:Nahuatl
980:History
974:Jesuits
933:Zapotec
806:Tzotzil
774:Seville
692:Oaxacan
672:diocese
597:tamales
594:saffron
562:Moorish
554:Baroque
523:Huixtán
515:Chamula
447:Chiapas
443:Chiapas
436:Mexican
411:Tzotzil
367:Website
330:Central
307:183,509
299:215,874
233:Founded
227:Chiapas
203:Country
3825:Tzimol
3790:Tonalá
3735:Soyaló
3720:Sitalá
3600:Oxchuc
3545:Metapa
3500:Juárez
3480:Ixtapa
3380:Chilón
3345:Chanal
3310:Bochil
3265:Amatán
3255:Aldama
3152:Anthem
3145:Topics
2830:Ramsar
2791:Ramsar
2731:May 8,
2706:
2673:
2645:
2617:
2569:
2090:” or “
1923:2,088
1920:189.8
1917:173.0
1914:152.5
1911:116.2
1908:178.5
1905:174.9
1902:137.9
1899:168.4
1896:180.7
1893:203.7
1890:199.6
1887:212.8
1828:111.4
1322:Month
1305:Köppen
1197:UNESCO
1106:Chanal
1058:Tuxtla
1037:Zoques
941:Toltec
929:Mixtec
906:Gothic
836:people
743:gazebo
700:pulpit
688:stucco
664:atrium
621:techno
613:reggae
413:name,
215:Mexico
212:
3650:Rayón
3245:Acala
2961:(PDF)
2879:(PDF)
2561:[
2075:I-Pod
1819:11.3
1816:19.7
1813:15.5
1810:14.3
1807:18.7
1804:11.4
1764:109.0
1759:215.4
1754:153.9
1749:143.6
1744:226.3
1739:111.8
1361:Year
1195:from
1184:NAFTA
1153:ejido
1145:Ch'ol
949:Pakal
945:Aztec
921:Olmec
778:Spain
768:When
617:salsa
601:atole
585:amber
439:state
415:Jovel
361:29200
350:UTC-5
326:UTC-6
222:State
3785:Tila
3039:2014
3004:2013
2969:2013
2941:2013
2910:2013
2839:2022
2800:2022
2733:2011
2704:ISBN
2671:ISBN
2643:ISBN
2615:ISBN
2567:ISBN
2524:2011
2497:2011
2418:2011
2379:2011
2318:2011
2260:2011
2217:2011
2062:and
1984:OXXO
1962:and
1837:(%)
1825:2.3
1822:5.3
1801:5.7
1798:2.3
1795:2.4
1792:2.5
1774:12.2
1769:32.8
1734:43.8
1729:16.0
1724:10.9
1709:−8.5
1704:−8.0
1699:−6.1
1694:−2.5
1664:−5.0
1659:−7.5
1654:−7.5
1649:−8.5
1619:11.2
1614:10.5
1609:10.6
1604:11.5
1569:15.0
1564:12.5
1559:13.8
1554:15.5
1549:16.4
1544:16.5
1539:16.5
1534:17.0
1529:16.4
1524:15.7
1519:14.5
1514:13.0
1509:12.3
1499:21.9
1494:19.9
1489:20.7
1484:21.3
1479:21.7
1474:22.5
1469:22.5
1464:22.4
1459:23.1
1454:23.5
1449:22.9
1444:21.4
1439:20.3
1429:35.8
1424:33.5
1419:30.0
1414:33.0
1409:29.5
1404:29.0
1399:33.5
1394:34.0
1389:35.8
1384:31.0
1379:33.5
1374:30.0
1369:30.5
1358:Dec
1355:Nov
1352:Oct
1349:Sep
1346:Aug
1343:Jul
1340:Jun
1337:May
1334:Apr
1331:Mar
1328:Feb
1325:Jan
1218:peak
1157:EZLN
1143:and
1104:and
1060:and
1028:and
943:and
937:Maya
917:jade
834:and
825:and
798:Peru
794:Lima
751:UNAM
718:and
694:and
579:and
560:and
541:and
376:.gob
262:Area
249:and
236:1528
44:and
42:City
3157:Art
2899:doi
2700:297
1949:on
1876:78
1873:80
1870:80
1867:80
1864:80
1861:78
1858:77
1855:78
1852:77
1849:76
1846:77
1843:78
1840:80
1719:9.0
1689:0.1
1684:1.2
1679:1.5
1674:1.3
1669:1.0
1639:8.1
1634:5.1
1629:7.0
1624:9.6
1599:9.7
1594:7.8
1589:6.0
1584:4.5
1579:4.2
1308:Cwb
1278:of
967:in
951:of
753:in
556:to
441:of
378:.mx
372:www
343:DST
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