204:, or the intervention of the emperor. Alexander was fond of Orbiana, but being reliant on his mother, he failed to take any action in defense of his wife or her father. Herodian further alleges that Sallustius was put to death in August of 227 through the schemes of Mamaea, on the pretext that he wished to use the Praetorian Guard to seize power for himself. Orbiana was stripped of her title, divorced, and exiled to the province of Libya in north Africa. Nothing further is known of her. Severus Alexander reigned for another eight years. He and his mother were slain in a mutiny in 235, clearing the way for the succession of
40:
155:
221:
256:
Helpidius and
Sallustia. Besides a limited emission of coinage in bronze and silver, several Roman gold coins were minted with Orbiana's visage. She was the only wife of Severus to be featured on coins. Careful attention was paid to the coinage of copper money during the reign of Severus. Following
137:
from AD 225 to 227. The emperor married her in late 225, following the death of his grandmother. Severus was around sixteen years of age at this time. She was known for her beauty, which was captured in multiple works of art. Possibly a victim of the jealousy of
830:
285:
592:
1572:
1617:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1512:
1485:
2852:
2107:
278:
2928:
2894:
2736:
2116:
1549:
124:
3005:
1454:
Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.
271:
2857:
2802:
2599:
2381:
1522:
1495:
2629:
1889:
2604:
2533:
1988:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1603:
2685:
2624:
2100:
887:
2812:
2741:
2726:
2594:
2426:
2411:
1100:
252:
2674:
2267:
1663:
1846:, The Life of Alexander Severus, Sir Richard Valentine Nind Hopkins, The University Press, 1907, pg. 57.
181:. Their union was short in duration and childless and it ended in August 227. Sallustius was proclaimed
239:
2847:
2731:
2669:
2635:
2348:
3015:
2679:
2093:
2765:
2754:
2614:
2386:
2371:
1859:
1165:
50:
3030:
2949:
2478:
2288:
143:
1812:
2822:
2760:
2691:
2548:
2160:
1779:
2979:
indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
3000:
2923:
2842:
2701:
2609:
2436:
2242:
2205:
1342:
8:
2901:
2884:
2864:
2827:
2807:
2659:
2293:
129:
30:
3025:
2874:
2832:
2792:
2747:
2654:
2528:
2200:
2175:
1172:
178:
170:, in the early third century. In August, 225, at about the age of sixteen, she wed the
3020:
3010:
2956:
2785:
2584:
2518:
2401:
2376:
2365:
2303:
1623:
1599:
1545:
1518:
1491:
1389:
850:
233:
174:
134:
86:
2711:
2961:
2906:
2817:
2797:
2780:
2716:
2696:
2567:
2538:
2488:
2333:
2277:
2235:
2225:
2215:
2150:
2077:
1941:, Francis St. John Thackeray, London, England, J.S. Virtue & Co., 1882, pg. 70.
1119:
610:
201:
163:
2911:
39:
2869:
2837:
2770:
2721:
2641:
2466:
2461:
2446:
2421:
2343:
2298:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2165:
2140:
2067:
1980:
1964:
1893:
1539:
842:
247:
209:
205:
2085:
2916:
2775:
2706:
2649:
2456:
2308:
2252:
2247:
2220:
2170:
2145:
2060:
1591:
1466:
1374:
1350:
1158:
1142:
182:
2994:
2944:
2889:
2879:
2579:
2543:
2503:
2498:
2396:
2313:
1653:
1627:
1613:
1568:
1440:
171:
154:
2041:
1541:
The Crimes of
Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor
200:
Finding Mamaea's abuse unendurable, Sallustius sought the protection of the
2283:
2195:
1971:(Epitome of History), Thomas Banchich, Eugene Lane, eds., Routledge (2009).
1932:
197:. She treated Orbiana cruelly, forcing her to take refuge with her father.
167:
139:
2010:(Latin Inscriptions from Algeria), Edouard Champion, Paris (1922–present).
2230:
1874:, www.severusalexander.com, internet article, retrieved on 29 June 2010.
1658:
1649:
880:
870:
2451:
2125:
1358:
1996:), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
2508:
2353:
2155:
2022:
Coinage and
History of the Roman Empire, c. 82 B.C.–A.D. 480: Coinage
1936:
1886:
1126:
2664:
2589:
2472:
2338:
2323:
1954:
224:
220:
190:
1834:
480, Volume 1, David L. Vagi, Taylor & Francia, 2000, pg. 308.
185:, and by the end of August, 227, Orbiana was granted the title of
2619:
2553:
2523:
2406:
2391:
2210:
193:, Mamaea became jealous of Orbiana, due to her desire to be sole
116:
2513:
2359:
1619:
The
Student's Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1574:
The
Student's Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
2416:
2135:
257:
his reign, the art and undiluted quality of money declined.
142:, the emperor's mother, Orbiana was divorced and exiled to
1961:(History of the Empire from the Death of Marcus Aurelius).
2042:
Benario, Herbert W., "Severus
Alexander (A.D. 222–235)",
177:, in an arrangement organized by the emperor's mother,
1544:. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. pp. 57–58.
1754:
1752:
2115:
1830:, Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, 82 BC
2992:
1758:Banchich & Lane, "Commentary on Book XII",
1749:
2029:The Complete Chronicle of the Emperors of Rome
1793:The Complete Chronicle of the Emperors of Rome
260:
16:Roman empress and consort of Severus Alexander
2101:
1992:(The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated
1770:
1768:
279:
2975:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
1931:A Guide to the Collection of Roman Coins at
113:Gnaea Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana
102:Gnaea Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana
1567:
2108:
2094:
1882:
1880:
1803:
1801:
1765:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
286:
272:
38:
1563:
1561:
1514:Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors
1487:Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors
2015:Wandering Through Ancient Roman Churches
1907:Wandering Through Ancient Roman Churches
219:
153:
1877:
1823:
1821:
1809:Coinage and History of the Roman Empire
1798:
1733:
1510:
1483:
2993:
1639:
1596:Septimius Severus: The African Emperor
1558:
1471:Septimius Severus: The African Emperor
1465:
250:, was dedicated to the empress by her
2089:
1402:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1357:
1349:
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1125:
1118:
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869:
849:
841:
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824:
774:
772:
752:
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710:
708:
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318:
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314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
304:
2017:, Kessinger Publishing (1924, 2003).
1837:
1818:
1644:Sallustia Orbiana is a character in
238:, was unearthed near the church of
13:
14:
3042:
2035:
2008:Inscriptions Latines de L'Algérie
1728:Inscriptions Latines de L'Algérie
246:, or Belvedere Courtyard, of the
231:A statue of Orbiana, depicted as
164:Lucius Seius Herennius Sallustius
158:Venus Felix sculpture of Orbiana.
1959:Tes Meta Marcon Basileas Istoria
1856:A Dictionary of the Roman Empire
1948:
1935:: With an Appendix' About Some
1924:
1912:
1899:
1865:
1849:
1844:Alexander's Court And Character
1531:
1504:
1477:
1473:. London: Routledge. p. i.
1459:
1395:
1364:
1148:
1132:
856:
2024:, Taylor & Francis (2000).
1989:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
1785:
1720:
1676:
1:
2983:incidates an empress regnant.
2001:The Life of Severus Alexander
1776:The Life of Severus Alexander
1669:
888:Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus
442:Gaius Claudius Septimius Aper
215:
72:
2813:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
2027:Roger M. Kean, Oliver Frey,
1656:. This was later adapted as
1101:Gaius Septimius Severus Aper
162:Orbiana was the daughter of
7:
3006:3rd-century Roman empresses
1999:Sir Richard V. N. Hopkins,
1664:Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
261:Severan dynasty family tree
51:Empress of the Roman Empire
10:
3047:
2003:, University Press (1907).
1896:a site devoted to Orbiana.
240:Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
2970:
2937:
2848:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
2566:
2487:
2435:
2349:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
2322:
2266:
2124:
2074:
2065:
2057:
2052:
1616:; Smith, William (1889).
1571:; Smith, William (1889).
1511:Burrell, Barbara (2004).
1484:Burrell, Barbara (2004).
1410:
1408:
1406:
1386:
1371:
1355:
1311:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1193:
1176:
1162:
1123:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
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1081:
1073:
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1059:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1021:
989:
987:
975:
973:
951:
949:
913:
911:
901:
899:
893:
884:
867:
865:
863:
847:
818:
816:
814:
812:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
786:
784:
782:
770:
766:
760:
758:
742:
738:
736:
734:
728:
726:
724:
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720:
718:
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704:
702:
686:
684:
658:
656:
632:
630:
589:
566:
564:
562:
560:
552:
550:
548:
546:
532:
528:
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520:
508:
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492:
486:
484:
429:
427:
425:
423:
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419:
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415:
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411:
409:
407:
387:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
369:
367:
365:
363:
361:
359:
242:. The marble, now in the
101:
96:
92:
81:
68:
64:
56:
49:
37:
28:
23:
2044:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1887:Sallustia Barbia Orbiana
1662:(1732), set to music by
1439:Dark green indicates an
462:Lucius Septimius Severus
119:220s), usually known as
2766:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2372:Flavia Julia Constantia
1860:Oxford University Press
1166:Sextus Varius Marcellus
149:
44:Marble head of Orbiana.
2289:Marcia Otacilia Severa
1538:Icks, Martijn (2011).
1517:. BRILL. p. 247.
1490:. BRILL. p. 216.
1443:of the Severan dynasty
831:Publius Septimius Geta
593:Publius Septimius Geta
573:Publius Septimius Aper
228:
159:
123:, was a third century
2853:Theodora Palaiologina
2823:Anna Komnene Angelina
2761:Catherine of Bulgaria
2692:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
2161:Agrippina the Younger
1598:. London: Routledge.
223:
157:
2924:Sophia of Montferrat
2843:Anna of Hohenstaufen
2702:Theophano Martinakia
2610:Theodora of Khazaria
2243:Julia Cornelia Paula
2206:Faustina the Younger
1343:Julia Cornelia Paula
580:Gaius Septimius Aper
127:, with the title of
2902:Keratsa of Bulgaria
2885:Helena Kantakouzene
2865:Irene of Montferrat
2828:Philippa of Armenia
2808:Margaret of Hungary
2660:Theophano of Athens
2479:Julius Nepos's wife
2294:Herennia Etruscilla
2117:Roman and Byzantine
1969:Epitome Historiarum
1640:Cultural references
294:Severan family tree
2929:Maria of Trebizond
2895:Irene Palaiologina
2875:Irene of Brunswick
2833:Maria of Courtenay
2793:Bertha of Sulzbach
2201:Faustina the Elder
2176:Statilia Messalina
2031:, Thalamus (2005).
2013:Rodolfo Lanciani,
1892:2010-02-27 at the
1858:, Matthew Bunson,
1622:. London: Murray.
1592:Birley, Anthony R.
1467:Birley, Anthony R.
1173:Julia Avita Mamaea
837:Septimia Octavilla
229:
179:Julia Avita Mamaea
160:
2988:
2987:
2957:Byzantine emperor
2786:Dobrodeia of Kiev
2562:
2561:
2366:Valeria Maximilla
2304:Cornelia Salonina
2258:Sallustia Orbiana
2084:
2083:
2075:Succeeded by
1791:Kean & Frey,
1646:Alessandro Severo
1637:
1636:
1577:. pp. 45–47.
1551:978-1-84885-362-1
1414:
1413:
1390:Severus Alexander
1383:Sallustia Orbiana
851:Septimius Severus
244:Cortile Belvedere
208:, and ending the
175:Severus Alexander
166:, an influential
135:Severus Alexander
121:Sallustia Orbiana
110:
109:
106:
105:
87:Severus Alexander
24:Sallustia Orbiana
3038:
2907:Irene Gattilusio
2818:Eudokia Angelina
2798:Maria of Antioch
2781:Irene of Hungary
2717:Zoe Karbonopsina
2697:Eudokia Ingerina
2570:Byzantine Empire
2433:
2432:
2278:Caecilia Paulina
2236:Fulvia Plautilla
2226:Manlia Scantilla
2216:Bruttia Crispina
2151:Milonia Caesonia
2110:
2103:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2078:Caecilia Paulina
2058:Preceded by
2050:
2049:
2006:Stéphane Gsell,
1942:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1825:
1816:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1772:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1746:Herodian, vi. 1.
1744:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1680:
1631:
1609:
1579:
1578:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1463:
1436:(4) = 4th spouse
1433:(3) = 3rd spouse
1430:(2) = 2nd spouse
1427:(1) = 1st spouse
1399:
1397:
1368:
1366:
1152:
1150:
1136:
1134:
1120:Fulvia Plautilla
860:
858:
611:Julius Bassianus
302:
301:
288:
281:
274:
265:
264:
202:Praetorian Guard
94:
93:
77:
74:
42:
21:
20:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3016:Severan dynasty
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2966:
2933:
2870:Rita of Armenia
2858:Anna of Hungary
2838:Irene Laskarina
2803:Agnes of France
2771:Maria of Alania
2722:Helena Lekapene
2572:
2569:
2558:
2491:
2483:
2467:Marcia Euphemia
2462:Licinia Eudoxia
2439:
2431:
2422:Aelia Flaccilla
2344:Galeria Valeria
2326:
2318:
2299:Cornelia Supera
2270:
2262:
2191:Pompeia Plotina
2186:Domitia Longina
2181:Galeria Fundana
2166:Claudia Octavia
2141:Livia Orestilla
2128:
2120:
2114:
2080:
2071:
2068:Empress of Rome
2063:
2038:
2020:David L. Vagi,
1981:Theodor Mommsen
1965:Joannes Zonaras
1951:
1946:
1945:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:, pp. 217, 219.
1904:
1900:
1894:Wayback Machine
1885:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1862:, 1995, pg. 51.
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1826:
1819:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1786:
1773:
1766:
1762:Zonaras, p. 77.
1757:
1750:
1745:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1642:
1612:
1606:
1590:
1582:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1424:
1415:
1394:
1392:
1363:
1361:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1129:
855:
853:
843:Paccia Marciana
325:Septimius Macer
295:
292:
263:
248:Vatican Museums
218:
210:Severan dynasty
206:Maximinus Thrax
189:. According to
152:
133:as the wife of
75:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2986:
2985:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2917:Anna of Moscow
2909:
2904:
2899:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2778:
2776:Irene Doukaina
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Eudokia Baïana
2709:
2707:Zoe Zaoutzaina
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Maria of Amnia
2647:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
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2880:Anna of Savoy
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2053:Royal titles
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1654:Apostolo Zeno
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1585:Bibliography:
1576:
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1564:
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1547:
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1534:
1526:
1524:90-04-12578-7
1520:
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1497:90-04-12578-7
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172:Roman emperor
169:
168:Roman senator
165:
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136:
132:
131:
126:
125:Roman empress
122:
118:
114:
100:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2980:
2976:
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2915:
2893:
2856:
2784:
2753:
2746:
2684:
2642:
2634:
2471:
2364:
2284:Tranquillina
2257:
2234:
2196:Vibia Sabina
2066:
2043:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1949:Bibliography
1933:Eton College
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1871:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1813:pp. 308, 309
1808:
1792:
1787:
1775:
1759:
1727:
1722:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1657:
1652:libretto by
1645:
1643:
1618:
1595:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1540:
1533:
1513:
1506:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1447:
1446:
1382:
453:Fulvius Pius
251:
243:
232:
230:
199:
194:
186:
161:
140:Julia Mamaea
128:
120:
112:
111:
29:
18:
3001:200s births
2977:underlining
2549:Constantina
2231:Julia Domna
1715:VIII, 18254
1659:La Salustia
1650:opera seria
1648:(1716), an
1179:Unknown (2)
881:Julia Maesa
871:Julia Domna
227:of Orbiana.
2995:Categories
2680:Euphrosyne
2452:Thermantia
2412:Constantia
2126:Principate
1955:Herodianus
1905:Lanciani,
1780:pp. 57, 58
1706:VIII, 9355
1670:References
1605:0415165911
1359:Elagabalus
587:Fulvia Pia
216:Depictions
76: 209
3026:Sallustii
2732:Theophano
2670:Theodosia
2645:of Athens
2600:Anastasia
2509:Pulcheria
2354:Minervina
2156:Messalina
2119:empresses
1937:Byzantine
1774:Hopkins,
1697:VI, 40683
1628:993285639
1353:(2 and 4)
1127:Caracalla
825:Septimius
3021:Herennii
3011:Augustae
2962:Augustae
2938:See also
2755:Theodora
2737:Theodora
2727:Theodora
2686:Theodora
2665:Prokopia
2655:Theodote
2590:Gregoria
2573:610–1453
2568:Eastern/
2534:Theodora
2529:Euphemia
2473:Placidia
2382:Faustina
2339:Eutropia
2324:Dominate
2072:225–227
1921:, p. 25.
1890:Archived
1688:II, 3734
1594:(1999).
1469:(1999).
1400:222–235)
1369:218–222)
1153:209–211)
1137:197–217)
861:193–211)
225:Denarius
191:Herodian
146:in 227.
85:Emperor
2973:Italics
2630:Eudokia
2620:Tzitzak
2605:Eudokia
2585:Martina
2554:Leontia
2524:Zenonis
2519:Ariadne
2492:395–610
2440:395–480
2407:Domnica
2402:Justina
2392:Charito
2377:Eusebia
2327:284–610
2271:235–285
2211:Lucilla
1984:et alii
1977:(1846).
1872:Orbiana
1828:Orbiana
1726:Gsell,
1441:emperor
1398:
1367:
1151:
1135:
859:
253:liberti
195:Augusta
187:Augusta
130:Augusta
60:225–227
31:Augusta
2742:Helena
2675:Thekla
2595:Fausta
2539:Sophia
2514:Verina
2387:Helena
2360:Fausta
2334:Prisca
2268:Crisis
1807:Vagi,
1626:
1602:
1548:
1521:
1494:
1448:Notes:
183:Caesar
82:Spouse
57:Tenure
2643:Irene
2625:Maria
2615:Maria
2447:Maria
2427:Galla
2417:Laeta
2136:Livia
1939:Coins
236:Felix
234:Venus
144:Libya
97:Names
2981:bold
2950:list
2914:(w.
2892:(w.
2855:(w.
2783:(w.
2636:Anna
2233:(w.
1760:apud
1624:OCLC
1600:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1143:Geta
150:Life
69:Born
2748:Zoë
2356:(?)
2280:(?)
1994:CIL
1711:CIL
1702:CIL
1693:CIL
1684:CIL
1377:(3)
1345:(1)
873:(2)
845:(1)
117:fl.
2997::
1986:,
1967:,
1957:,
1879:^
1832:-
1820:^
1811:,
1800:^
1778:,
1767:^
1751:^
1735:^
1708:,
1699:,
1690:,
1666:.
1560:^
1396:r.
1365:r.
1149:r.
1133:r.
857:r.
212:.
73:c.
2920:)
2898:)
2861:)
2789:)
2239:)
2109:e
2102:t
2095:v
1815:.
1795:.
1782:.
1717:.
1630:.
1608:.
1554:.
1527:.
1500:.
1393:(
1362:(
1146:(
1130:(
854:(
287:e
280:t
273:v
115:(
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