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the government and rebels. Although the Prime
Minister resigned immediately, Berisha refused opposition demands to step down, claiming he had to ensure continuity, and UN and European Multinational Forces were required to step in and take the situation under control. After their intervention in Albania, early elections were held in June 1997, leading to the victory of a socialist-led coalition of parties. On 23 July 1997, a month after the DP lost the
1315:
1297:
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building. Estimates of casualties during the protests and riots ranged between 3 and 7 deaths and 14 and 76 injuries. After 72 hours, the
Government restored order and reclaimed tanks and armored personnel carriers seized by DP supporters that were being held at the Democratic Party main offices in Tirana. Parliament subsequently lifted Berisha's immunity due to his alleged role in what the government described as a
950:, in order to retain power. Berisha appointed Meta to the post of deputy prime minister and at the same time Minister for Foreign Affairs, and later Minister of Economy, Trade and Energy. It was the first time since the start of multi-party democracy in 1991 that a ruling party had been forced into a coalition due to not winning enough seats on its own.
1204:, the state-owned media and the judicial system are used to silence political opponents. There have been numerous violations of the right to association, peaceful assembly, freedom of speech and freedom of the press directed against the political opposition and other initiatives that express views critical of the state.
703:(DP), the first and largest of the new opposition parties. All leading members of the party wore white coats during demonstrations. He was formally elected DP chairman in February 1991 at the party's first national congress. He was elected member of Albania parliament in 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001 from the constituency of
686:, Berisha urged the Albanian Party of Labor to abolish the third article of the communist constitution which sanctioned that the Party of Labor had the hegemony of the Power, to recognize the Human Rights Charter, the drafting of a new democratic constitution, and to remove all monuments of Stalin in the country.
681:
In an interview for the
Albanian Writers League newspaper published also in the international press, Berisha demanded that the remaining barriers to freedom of thought and expression be ended, that Albanians be granted the right to travel freely within the country and abroad, and that Albania abandon
755:
to the
Albanian political scene, pursued re-Islamisation of the country (approximately 74% Sunni Muslims of Albania's population) to reverse decades of anti-religious policy under Communism. Non-Governmental Organisations from Saudi Arabia and other parts of the Muslim world were invited in to build
1117:
On
October 21, 2023, Berisha's son in law, Jamarbër Malltezi, was arrested by Albanian police on accusations of corruption and money laundering allegedly committed during Berisha's tenure as Prime Minister of Albania. Berisha himself was accused of aiding and abetting the alleged crime, and had his
736:
of land and residencies, as well as of all small and medium state enterprises, was accomplished over the period 1992â96; prices and exchange rates were fully liberalised, and
Albania changed from a country of a three figure inflation rate and economic growth regression of â20% into a country with a
1044:
parliamentary group. Prior to this, members of the
Democratic Party who had been also unsettled with Basha over election results following two consecutive losses in parliament. Calling for him Basha to resign. However Basha was not willing to resign. On 9 September 2021, Basha had expelled Berisha
961:
does not call for such a procedure. He however called the opposition to the
Parliament to change the Constitution, but the Socialist Party refused. The political crisis between government and opposition worsened over time, with the Socialists abandoning parliamentary debates for months and staging
776:
During the first ten days of March, the situation deteriorated, culminating in the desertion of large numbers of police and military, leaving their arsenals unlocked. These were promptly looted, mostly by militias and some criminal gangs, and for a time it looked like civil war would erupt between
1150:
InâŻhis official capacity as Prime
Minister of Albania in particular, Berisha was involved in corrupt acts,âŻsuch as misappropriation of public funds and interfering with public processes, including using his power for his own benefit and to enrich his political allies and his family members at the
669:
while having been enrolled as a member a few years earlier. During the 1970s, Berisha gained distinction as the leading researcher in the field of cardiology in
Albania and became professor of cardiology at the University of Tirana. In 1978 he received a United Nations Educational Scientific and
1053:, Berisha and members who were against Basha during the national council voted to remove Basha as leader of the Democratic Party. On 8 January 2021, Berisha and members of the Democratic party who were against Basha staged protests outside the Democratic Party headquarters which resulted in the
797:
on 12 September 1998, triggered two days of violent protests in Tirana. During Hajdari's funeral procession on 14 September 1998, armed DP supporters ransacked government offices, and for a brief period, held the PM's office, the parliament building, and the Albanian State television and radio
1002:, Berisha said: "Peace between Israel and the Palestinians must go through direct negotiations, and by guaranteeing the security of both states.... The solution must bring full security to both states, but I have not seen any support for the acceptance and recognition of the State of Israel."
994:
in Tirana. Four people were shot dead by government special forces. The EU issued a statement to Albanian politicians, warning both sides to refrain from violence, while Berisha called the protests and subsequent charges by judges upon policemen as stages of an attempted coup against him â
1070:
leader. As de facto leader, on 7 July 2022, he staged protests against the Albanian government over prices and wages in front of the Prime Minister's Office. Berisha also stated that the future of Albania and the Albanians was at risk and the people should decide in their own hands.
995:
consequently, he attempted to consolidate his grip on state institutions. He accused the then-President of having been part of the coup after relations had soured between the two, and embraced his perceived victim status to install his own 'yes man' in the office.
772:
accusing the government of having stolen the money. In the midst of the crisis that had escalated into a civil war, Sali Berisha was re-elected president for a second five-year term on 3 March 1997 by a parliament totally controlled by the Democratic Party.
970:
in late 2010. However, The elections were certified by the OSCE/ODIHR as having marked significant progress in voter registration, the identification process, the legal framework, the voting process, the counting of votes and the resolution of complaints.
695:
newspaper on 17 September 1990, Berisha condemned what he termed the "cosmetic reforms" of the Alia regime, which had only served to aggravate unrest within the nation. Without political pluralism, he argued, there could be no true democracy in Albania.
1074:
On 6 December 2022 during protests Berisha was assaulted in the face resulting in him being given a black eye. The assailant's mother had told the media that her son had been suffering from mental problems for 5 years. He is awaiting trial. President
974:
In 2009 during the government led by Berisha, more than 10,000 km of roads were built, connecting over 900 villages with the municipalities and 169 municipalities with the national road infrastructure with paved roads. To be mentioned are the
1125:
Elmar Brok, former Member of the European Parliament and Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the European Parliament, visited Berisha while under house arrest by labelling him as the last political prisoner in Europe considering that
1118:
passport confiscated by the prosecutors, until the trial's end. Berisha has strongly denied the allegations, and has publicly accused the prosecutors of a political attack, claiming that they were acting on the orders of Prime Minister
1170:
This week, we took disruptive action against several Albanian individuals with well publicised and documented ties to criminality and corruption. This is the first wave of a set of actions intended to encourage accountability and end
664:
Subsequently, he was appointed as an assistant professor of medicine at the same university and as staff cardiologist at the Tirana General Hospital. At the same time, Berisha became a member of a discussion forum for changes in the
1138:
On 19 May 2021, Berisha, his wife, son and daughter were sanctioned by the US Department of State and barred from entry into the United States after being accused of "involvement in significant corruption". On the press conference
767:
The collapse of the Ponzi schemes towards the end of 1996, into which Albanians allegedly invested $ 1 billion worth of life savings from 1994, recapped the crisis. The schemes failed, one by one, from December 1996, and
615:. This decision led to 79-year-old Berisha starting a nation-wide movement to remove Basha as leader of the Democratic Party, causing a major rift in the party's internal structures, between Berisha's and Basha's supporters.
983:, because it connected neighboring Kosovo with the city of Durrës. The latter crosses Albania from east to west and is the largest road project in the history of Albania. The construction of this road was criticized by the
806:
and its leaders for the murder. Twelve people were arrested for their alleged involvement in the violence. In February 2002 five people, including Jaho Mulosmani, were sentenced for the murder by a Tirana district court.
1242:
In October 2023, Berisha was placed under investigation on suspicion of abusing his position as prime minister to help his son-in-law, Jamarber Malltezi, privatize public land in order to build 17 apartment buildings in
729:âthe second free legislative elections held in the countryâBerisha was elected president on 9 April 1992. He was the country's second freely elected head of state, and the first non-Communist head of state in 53 years.
1982:
817:
In the winter of 2004, a number of protests with over 20,000 people were organized by the opposition led by Berisha demanding Nano resign as prime minister which became known as the "Nano Go Away" Movement
564:
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to ask for internal and international support. The EU attempted a conciliation, which failed. The ongoing political crisis was one of the reasons for the EU's refusal to grant Albania official
3648:
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Following his election, Berisha and his government were engaged in a profound course of political, economic, institutional, legislative and multifaceted reforms. Therefore, the complete
915:
resigned, and the press reported many irregularities at the blast site, operated by an Albanian company that deactivated the country's aging ammunition and then sold it for scrap.
4359:
2659:"Krimet në Tropojë, Berisha nën akuzë për vrasje, krijim bande e terrorizëm, motra e madhe e Haklajve gati 12 orë dëshmi në SPAK: Kemi ende besim te drejtësia - Shqiptarja.com"
2758:
785:. In 1997 he became the chairman of the Democratic Party, which became the biggest opposition party. He eventually returned to power as prime minister between 2005 and 2013.
589:
since 2022 and has held the position previously from 1990 to 1992 and from 1997 to 2013. He also serves as the incumbent Leader of Opposition in the Albanian parliament.
1659:
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that attracted considerable attention among his colleagues in Europe. In 1986 he was elected to be a member of the European Committee for Research on Medical Sciences.
1469:
2732:
2206:
3764:
2677:"Tà GJITHA vrasjet në Tropojë nga 1998-2006 që akuzohet Sali Berisha, nga atentati ndaj Shkëlqim Haklajt te ekzekutimi i 4 djemve të familjes - Shqiptarja.com"
2436:
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announced it had taken action against several Albanian individuals but did not disclose their names. The prime minister's special envoy to the Western Balkans
1114:. The couple have two children, a daughter, Argita Malltezi (née Berisha) who is a professor of law at the University of Tirana, and a son, Shkëlzen Berisha.
1021:
resources. For his significant achievements and contributions to sustainable development, he was awarded the Fray International Sustainability Award in 2012.
1983:""Zgjedhjet s'u humbĂ«n nga Basha"/ Kandidati i PD pĂ«r BashkinĂ« e DibrĂ«s: 3 ministra dhe administrata e TiranĂ«s u vendosĂ«n nĂ« qytet pĂ«r fushatĂ«, qytetarĂ«t uâŠ"
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one-figure inflation rate and with an average economic growth rate of 9% in 1992 and, in '93 â '96, 75% of GDP was generated from the private sector.
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2008:
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1956:
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On 21 March 2022, due to demand Lulzim Basha stepped down from party leadership which resulted in Berisha being elected. However, despite
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The violations of the legal procedure evidence the politically rigged process against the leader of the Albanian opposition Sali Berisha
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in Tirana. Bush became the first U.S. president to visit Albania and repeated his staunch support for the independence of neighbouring
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On 11 June 2024, the Court of Appeal gave a final verdict recognizing Berisha as the official Chairman of the Democratic Party.
3020:
991:
850:, which eventually won a majority of 74 MPs from a total of 140. He was appointed Prime Minister of Albania on 8 September 2005.
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1894:
1420:
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growth of 5.1% between 2007 and 2011. By 2012, the country was producing more than 96 percent of the energy through renewable
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4237:
2355:
2083:"January 8 protest in the yard of the PD headquarters, Bardhi: Only someone who has lost his reason from a big problem calls"
1579:
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On 30 December 2023, Berisha was placed under house arrest for allegations regarding corruption in his previous governments.
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2286:"Exclusive| Gert Shehu's mother: My son is sick, he has been receiving treatment for the past 5 years | Euronews Albania"
1226:(SPAK) for allegedly ordering and directing the murder of their four brothers Shkëlqim, Halil, Fatmir and Ylli Haklaj in
4460:
4287:
3193:
3013:
2986:
2181:"PROFIL/ Nga magjistrat në kryetar partie! Dorëheqja e Lulzim Bashës nga udhëheqja e PD-së, kush është Enkeled Alibeaj"
1288:
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942:. Berisha's alliance came up one seat short of a majority and had to join forces with a splinter socialist party, the
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2480:
1750:"On the political assassinations, arrests and persecution of the opposition by the neo-communist regime in Albania"
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from the Democratic party due to issues concerning the United States and Berisha and his Public Designation by the
4851:
4688:
4618:
4369:
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4247:
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865:: "At some point in time, sooner rather than later, you've got to say, enough is enough. Kosovo is independent."
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its isolationist foreign policy. At an August 1990 meeting of the nation's intellectuals convened by President
2259:"Video shows Albanian opposition leader Sali Berisha being punched in the face during anti-government protest"
674:) fellowship for nine months of advanced study and training in Paris. He also conducted a research program on
4698:
4297:
4282:
2720:
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1200:(DP), led by President Berisha, has used a variety of means to promote itself and stifle the opposition. The
1192:
published a report regarding human rights abuses perpetrated under Berisha's administration. It claims that:
2207:""Shqipëria në rrezik", Spaho: Protestën e 7 korrikut s'do ta drejtojë një parti politike, është më e gjerë"
1467:
AlbaniaSite â Nje bote plot me informacione » Takimi me intelektualĂ«t, Berisha ishte kundĂ«r pluralizmit
4608:
4573:
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4521:
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3210:
2481:""A man should not be prohibited to go to Parliament until a court has taken a decision that he is guilty""
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716:
449:
2830:
2819:
1278:
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4354:
4227:
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1106:. Liri Berisha is the president of Albanian Children Foundation. Her foundation focuses on children with
1041:
888:
700:
586:
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201:
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In December 2022, Zylfie and Muharrem Haklaj filed a lawsuit against Berisha and 15 other people in the
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4307:
4302:
3665:
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a man should not be prohibited to go to Parliament until a court has taken a decision that he is guilty
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110:
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4272:
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2623:"DOCUMENTS/ Haklaj's report to SPAK, Sali Berisha is accused of being the head of an 'armed gang'"
1151:
expense of the Albanian public's confidence in their government institutions and public officials.
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666:
2108:"Protesta e 8 Janarit, policia: Nuk ndërhymë me vonesë, zyrtarët tanë s'janë përfshirë në dhunë"
830:
4806:
4638:
4450:
4021:
3868:
1248:
967:
769:
720:
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1542:
4739:
4693:
4678:
4643:
4430:
4374:
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3729:
3557:
3527:
3226:
2831:"08/12/2015-Presidenti Nishani dekoron zotin Sali Berisha me "Dekoratën e Flamurit Kombëtar""
1911:
1716:
1515:
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and placed under house arrest. He was formally charged with corruption on 11 September 2024.
958:
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2859:
4801:
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4149:
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to the left coalition, Berisha stepped down as president and was replaced by the socialist
654:
578:
508:
47:
3918:
2496:"Public Designation of Albanian Sali Berisha Due to Involvement in Significant Corruption"
2333:
2009:"Public Designation of Albanian Sali Berisha Due to Involvement in Significant Corruption"
8:
4593:
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4364:
4349:
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3688:
3428:
3201:
3044:
1353:
4079:
3592:
3313:
2641:"Kallëzimi i Haklajve në SPAK, Sali Berisha akuzohet si kreu i një 'bande të armatosur'"
1929:
1486:
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74:
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512:
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2035:
Basha 'përjashton' Berishën nga grupi parlamentar derisa të zbardhet çështja Non Grata
1892:
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claiming he is the official leader of the Democratic Party, Berisha is considered the
1050:
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4344:
4232:
4189:
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4134:
3928:
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165:
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957:, which asked for a recount of the ballots. Berisha refused, on the ground that the
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On 3 July 2005, Sali Berisha led a coalition of five right center parties into the
657:, graduating in 1967. With a one-year scholarship, he specialized in cardiology in
635:
2695:"Albania's former prime minister Sali Berisha is formally charged with corruption"
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4578:
4486:
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3296:
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On 15 March 2008, Berisha faced the toughest challenge of his government when an
868:
761:
643:
4074:
2233:"Protesta e opozitës, më 12 nëntor, Berisha: Më e madhja që ka njohur Shqipëria"
1957:"Tiranë: Basha përjashton Berishën nga grupi parlamentar i PD | DW | 10.09.2021"
1762:
653:, Berisha enjoyed a higher education and was then able to study medicine at the
4754:
4658:
4174:
4154:
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all condemned the assault on Berisha. Berisha himself forgave the perpetrator.
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from the Democratic Party's Parliamentary Group due to legal issues with the
593:
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139:
131:
70:
3005:
2156:"Sali Berisha rizgjidhet pas nĂ«ntĂ« vitesh kryetar i ri i PD-sĂ« â Epoka e Re"
1500:
1395:"Democratic Party Co-Founder Sali Berisha Expelled from Parliamentary Group"
1013:, the country ranked 4th out of 132 countries, while maintaining an average
600:
after being accused of "involvement in significant corruption" and links to
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4169:
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On 21 January 2011, clashes broke out between police and protesters in an
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2407:"Appeal's Court gives Democratic Party's seal to former PM Sali Berisha"
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road and, in particular, the Durrës-Kukës road, otherwise known as the
911:
near Tirana, killing 26 people and injuring over 100. Defense Minister
683:
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2454:"How many years in prison do Sali Berisha and Jamarber Malltezi risk?"
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2868:"Supplier Under Scrutiny on Arms for Afghans", New York Times article
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Sali Berisha, ex-Albanian leader, rejects U.S. charges of corruption
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Islam to Albania (and along with it, Saudi geopolitical influence).
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The next day, Berisha revealed that he was subject to this action.
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2550:"Albanian Ex-PM Sali Berisha Claims UK Banned Him 'Based on Lies'"
2057:"Kuvendi i thirrur nga Berisha, shkarkon Bashën dhe Kryesinë e PD"
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in the late 1990s and early 2000s and the attacks with shells and
810:
Sali Berisha led the coalition of the center-right parties in the
4041:
3407:
3275:
2341:
2336:[I strongly condemn the physical attack on Mr. Berisha] (
1324:
757:
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1028:, Berisha resigned as party leader, but remained in parliament.
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Individuals sanctioned by the United States Department of State
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1107:
862:
858:
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536:
2759:"Kryeministri Berisha shpallet Doktor Honoris Causa në Strugë"
1844:"Albania, Parliamentary Elections, 28 June 2009: Final Report"
604:
and criminals that pose a "risk to public safety in Albania".
1342:
1054:
752:
658:
639:
2381:"Berisha 'Forgives' 31-year-old for Punching Him in Protest"
1660:"Refworld | Selected Political and Human Rights Issues"
607:
On 9 September 2021, Berisha was expelled by party chairman
1223:
1201:
1881:
Albania killings cast shadow over country's EU aspirations
1224:
Special Prosecution Against Corruption and Organized Crime
3765:
Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
3744:
2356:"Assault on Berisha an Unacceptable Act; President Begaj"
1231:
1014:
992:
anti-government rally in front of the Government building
812:
general elections held in five rounds in JuneâAugust 2001
642:
family of mountain farmers, his family are a part of the
2493:
1487:"Signatures of Partnership for Peace Framework Document"
2532:"UK blacklists Albanian opposition leader Sali Berisha"
1476:. Albania Site (14 May 2010). Retrieved on 13 May 2012.
1870:. SETimes (21 January 2011). Retrieved on 13 May 2012.
1646:
Albanians Clear the Way For the Arrest Of Ex-President
1057:
being called in due to the protests becoming violent.
1005:
Under his leadership, Albania made several strides in
756:
mosques and schools and provide other aid, and spread
2733:"Doctor Honoris Causa të Universitetit të Prishtinës"
1718:
Eastern Europe at the turn of the ... â Google Boeken
938:
In June 2009, Democrats declared a narrow win in the
585:
from 2005 to 2013. Berisha serves as Chairman of the
1421:"Albania's ex-Prime Minister put under house arrest"
1356:(Albania, 2015) â decorated by President of Albania
1031:
2443:. Keshilliministrave.al. Retrieved on 13 May 2012.
853:On 10 June 2007, Berisha met with U.S. President
4793:
2334:"Dënoj ashpërsisht sulmin fizik ndaj z. Berisha"
1868:Breaking News: Protesters killed in Tirana rally
1247:. In December 2023, Berisha was stripped of his
788:
3803:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
2576:"Sali Berisha Declared Persona Non-Grata by UK"
1658:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
1234:against their tower in the village of Kirnajë.
802:, but no charges were laid. Berisha blamed the
740:Albania opened towards the West: it signed the
4584:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
3402:
1954:
3673:
3388:
3035:
3021:
1520:. Columbia University Press. pp. 28â30.
953:The 2009 elections were called flawed by the
649:After his father became a functionary of the
123:8 September 2005 â 11 September 2013
2721:S.E. Sali Berisha â decorato di Gran Cordone
2785:"Berisha shpallet "Qytetar Nderi" në Deçan"
2307:"Arrest me burg për 31-vjeçarin Gert Shehu"
1444:
1442:
825:
4837:Leaders of the Democratic Party of Albania
3680:
3666:
3395:
3381:
3028:
3014:
1912:"Albanian PM: Ahmadinejad is the new Nazi"
31:
1930:"Fray International Sustainability Award"
1517:The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism
1196:Since coming to power in March 1992, the
2604:
2494:U.S. Department of State (19 May 2021).
1831:/ Albania is refused EU candidate status
1714:
1439:
917:
887:
867:
829:
621:
4208:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
3687:
1909:
1883:. Euobserver. Retrieved on 13 May 2012.
1833:. Euobserver. Retrieved on 13 May 2012.
1648:, Published: 19 September 1998 NY Times
1567:
1541:Freeman, Michael, ed. (28 April 2013).
1540:
699:Berisha emerged as the chairman of the
4794:
3891:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
3828:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
3252:People's Socialist Republic of Albania
2608:Human Rights in Post-communist Albania
1268:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1266:Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the
1210:Human Rights in Post-communist Albania
1183:
1155:Berisha has disputed the allegations.
744:in 1994 and it became a member of the
710:
4238:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
3661:
3376:
3009:
2331:
1696:from the original on 12 December 2021
1568:Vickers, Miranda (27 February 2014).
1513:
1450:"Sali Berisha â Munzinger Biographie"
1254:
1237:
592:He has been banned from entering the
556:
4832:Members of the Parliament of Albania
2283:
1910:Eichner, Itamar (30 November 2011).
1621:"Albania: President Berisha Resigns"
1596:"1997 Human Rights Report - Albania"
1574:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 246.
60:9 April 1992 â 24 July 1997
2863:by Sokol MĂ«ngjesi and Genc Gjokutaj
2803:"Kosova pret kryeministrin Berisha"
1829:Jovanovska, Svetlana. (8 May 2012)
1776:"Bush Is Greeted Warmly in Albania"
1534:
1507:
1158:On July 21, the British embassy in
13:
4842:Political party leaders of Albania
3282:
3247:
3217:
3192:
3166:
3140:
3084:
3051:
2434:Sali Berisha|Keshilli i Ministrave
2404:
2332:Basha, Lulzim (6 December 2022).
1805:"Albania PM re-election confirmed"
1742:
1501:"Albania // 46 States, one Europe"
1289:International University of Struga
944:Socialist Movement for Integration
14:
4883:
4872:21st-century Albanian politicians
4867:20th-century Albanian politicians
3735:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
3720:Criticism of communist party rule
3056:Provisional Government of Albania
2853:
2611:. Human Rights Watch. p. 56.
2478:
2013:United States Department of State
1763:"Thousands join Albania protests"
1544:Financing Terrorism: Case Studies
1413:
1047:United States Department of State
770:demonstrators took to the streets
4781:Human rights in the Soviet Union
3740:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
3644:
3643:
1348:
1331:
1313:
1295:
1261:
1217:
1178:
1093:
1032:Opposition leader (2022âpresent)
1024:After his party's defeat in the
523:
4827:Government ministers of Albania
4689:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
4619:Fall of the inner German border
2823:
2813:
2795:
2777:
2751:
2725:
2713:
2687:
2669:
2651:
2633:
2615:
2598:
2568:
2542:
2524:
2513:
2487:
2472:
2446:
2424:
2398:
2373:
2348:
2325:
2299:
2284:Kuka, Giada (6 December 2022).
2277:
2251:
2225:
2199:
2173:
2148:
2122:
2100:
2075:
2049:
2026:
2001:
1975:
1948:
1922:
1903:
1886:
1873:
1861:
1836:
1823:
1768:
1756:
1708:
1678:
1651:
1639:
1625:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1613:
1588:
1571:The Albanians: A Modern History
1011:Environmental Performance Index
742:Partnership for Peace Agreement
689:In an article published in the
646:. As a child, he tended sheep.
486:
16:Albanian politician (born 1944)
4679:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
3818:Terrorism and the Soviet Union
2582:. 22 July 2022. Archived from
1955:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche.
1561:
1493:
1479:
1460:
1387:
1040:in expelling Berisha from the
569:; born 15 October 1944) is an
249:July 1997 â June 2013
1:
4699:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
4298:Inter-regional Deputies Group
4283:National League for Democracy
1879:Pop, Valentina. (8 May 2012)
1380:
1370:List of presidents of Albania
789:Opposition leader (1997â2005)
577:politician who served as the
4609:Alexanderplatz demonstration
4574:Polish Round Table Agreement
4248:People's Movement of Ukraine
2719:Italian Presidency Website,
2340:) (in Albanian) – via
2136:(in Albanian). 21 March 2022
1514:Sfeir, Antoine, ed. (2007).
1375:Fall of communism in Albania
1341: : Honorary Citizen of
1323: : Honorary Citizen of
1305: : Honorary Citizen of
1133:
848:2005 parliamentary elections
717:Fall of communism in Albania
7:
4862:University of Tirana alumni
4654:January Events in Lithuania
4589:Hungarian Round Table Talks
4228:Democratic Party of Albania
1547:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
1363:
1026:2013 parliamentary election
998:In 2011, commenting on the
701:Democratic Party of Albania
587:Democratic Party of Albania
581:from 1992 to 1997 and 32nd
10:
4888:
4822:Prime ministers of Albania
4308:Hungarian Democratic Forum
4303:Alliance of Free Democrats
4293:Union of Democratic Forces
1765:BBC News, 21 February 2004
1036:Following the decision of
804:Socialist Party of Albania
714:
651:Party of Labour of Albania
4773:
4707:
4669:1991 protests in Belgrade
4549:
4474:
4383:
4325:
4316:
4198:
4060:
4007:
3904:
3836:
3773:
3695:
3641:
3414:
3352:
3274:
3239:
3209:
3184:
3158:
3132:
3076:
3043:
3037:Heads of state of Albania
2994:
2987:Prime Minister of Albania
2983:
2975:
2965:
2956:
2948:
2943:
2933:
2921:
2913:
2903:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2580:Exit â Explaining Albania
1472:29 September 2013 at the
1399:Exit â Explaining Albania
543:
531:
519:
504:
496:
471:
455:
429:
424:
420:
408:
398:
387:
375:
363:
352:
340:
328:
317:
310:
298:
288:
277:
265:
253:
242:
230:
218:
207:
199:
187:
175:
145:
127:
116:
111:Prime Minister of Albania
108:
96:
84:
64:
53:
46:
42:
30:
23:
4659:January Events in Latvia
4649:Reunification of Germany
4634:1990s post-Soviet aliyah
4564:1987â1989 Tibetan unrest
4288:National Salvation Front
4273:Belarusian Popular Front
4263:Popular Front of Estonia
4032:Polish underground press
3793:List of socialist states
3197:Italian-occupied Albania
2882:Party political offices
2500:U.S. Department of State
2439:18 February 2010 at the
2405:Si, Nen (11 June 2024).
2130:"Dorëhiqet Lulzim Basha"
905:ammunition dump exploded
826:Prime Minister (2005â13)
751:Berisha also introduced
312:Leader of the Opposition
4735:Economic liberalization
4674:1991 Belarusian strikes
4614:Fall of the Berlin Wall
4268:Public Against Violence
4258:Popular Front of Latvia
4037:Political demonstration
3886:Chinese economic reform
3798:People Power Revolution
3222:German-occupied Albania
3119:High Council of Regency
3089:Principality of Albania
3078:Principality of Albania
2605:Abrahams, Fred (1996).
2185:Gazeta Shqiptare Online
1897:29 January 2011 at the
1662:. UNHCR. Archived from
1007:sustainable development
940:parliamentary elections
667:Albanian Party of Labor
4852:Albanian cardiologists
3869:New political thinking
3288:
3253:
3223:
3198:
3172:
3146:
3090:
3057:
1936:. Flogen Star Outreach
1715:Jeffries, Ian (2002).
1279:University of Pristina
1249:parliamentary immunity
1215:
1173:
1153:
1098:Berisha is married to
935:
900:
885:
843:
721:1997 unrest in Albania
613:US Department of State
602:organised crime groups
558:[saËlibÉËÉŸiÊa]
4817:Presidents of Albania
4740:Post-Soviet conflicts
4694:Tajikistani Civil War
4644:Revolution on Granite
4604:Monday Demonstrations
4130:SanjaasĂŒrengiin Zorig
3964:Mengistu Haile Mariam
3730:Eastern Bloc politics
3286:
3251:
3221:
3196:
3170:
3144:
3088:
3055:
1194:
1168:
1166:said in a statement:
1148:
959:Albanian Constitution
921:
892:Berisha meeting with
891:
871:
833:
622:Early life and career
4150:Vytautas Landsbergis
4145:Viacheslav Chornovil
3974:Denis Sassou Nguesso
3186:Italian protectorate
2959:President of Albania
2789:www.gazeta-shqip.com
1049:. On 11 December at
955:socialist opposition
793:The murder of DP MP
655:University of Tirana
626:Berisha was born in
579:president of Albania
509:University of Tirana
404:Position established
294:Position established
48:President of Albania
4812:People from Tropojë
4594:Pan-European Picnic
4569:1988 Polish strikes
3949:Wojciech Jaruzelski
3689:Revolutions of 1989
3287:Republic of Albania
3276:Republic of Albania
3202:Victor Emmanuel III
3045:Independent Albania
2888:New political party
2701:. 11 September 2024
1752:. hartford-hwp.com.
1692:. 27 January 2011.
1600:1997-2001.state.gov
1354:National Flag Order
1184:Human rights abuses
934:, in September 2009
711:President (1992â97)
3954:Slobodan MiloĆĄeviÄ
3823:Vatican Opposition
3289:
3254:
3224:
3199:
3173:
3147:
3091:
3058:
2944:Political offices
2765:on 19 October 2016
2739:on 19 October 2016
2385:ALBANIA DAILY NEWS
2360:ALBANIA DAILY NEWS
2063:. 11 December 2021
2038:, 9 September 2021
1780:The New York Times
1666:on 18 October 2012
1427:. 30 December 2023
1401:. 9 September 2021
1255:Honours and awards
1238:Corruption charges
1190:Human Rights Watch
1141:Secretary of State
936:
907:in the village of
901:
886:
844:
4789:
4788:
4715:Colour revolution
4545:
4544:
4512:Congo-Brazzaville
4233:Democratic Russia
4190:Pope John Paul II
4185:George H. W. Bush
4135:Vladimir Bukovsky
3924:Mikhail Gorbachev
3919:Nicolae CeauÈescu
3705:Era of Stagnation
3655:
3654:
3370:
3369:
3241:Communist Albania
3211:German occupation
3145:Albanian Republic
3134:Albanian Republic
3004:
3003:
2995:Succeeded by
2966:Succeeded by
2934:Succeeded by
2904:Succeeded by
2873:Sali Berisha news
2809:. 5 October 2009.
2460:. 22 October 2023
2313:. 9 December 2022
2265:. 6 December 2022
1987:www.balkanweb.com
1581:978-1-78076-695-9
1144:Antony J. Blinken
1079:, Prime Minister
834:Sali Berisha and
820:Levizja "Nano Ik"
746:Council of Europe
573:cardiologist and
547:
546:
166:Edmond Haxhinasto
4879:
4847:Albanian Muslims
4664:Transnistria War
4323:
4322:
4165:Aung San Suu Kyi
4080:Alexander DubÄek
4017:Civil resistance
3874:Sinatra Doctrine
3854:Demokratizatsiya
3755:Shortage economy
3682:
3675:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3647:
3646:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3171:Albanian Kingdom
3160:Albanian Kingdom
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2989:
2976:Preceded by
2949:Preceded by
2928:
2926:Democratic Party
2914:Preceded by
2898:
2896:Democratic Party
2879:
2878:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2837:on 7 August 2016
2833:. Archived from
2827:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2761:. Archived from
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2735:. Archived from
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2699:Associated Press
2691:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2528:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2444:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2411:Euronews Albania
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2160:www.epokaere.com
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2061:Euronews Albania
2053:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1907:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:www.munzinger.de
1446:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1391:
1352:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1265:
1213:
1198:Democratic Party
1062:Enkelejd Alibeaj
1042:Democratic Party
968:candidate status
636:northern Albania
632:Tropojë District
568:
567:
566:
560:
555:
550:Sali Ram Berisha
539:
537:sali-berisha.com
527:
490:
488:
465:Democratic Party
443:
439:
437:
425:Personal details
411:
401:
392:
378:
366:
357:
343:
333:
301:
291:
282:
268:
256:
247:
233:
223:
202:Democratic Party
190:
178:
121:
99:
87:
75:Aleksandër Meksi
67:
58:
35:
21:
20:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4769:
4730:Democratization
4720:Decommunization
4703:
4639:Helsinki Summit
4579:April 9 tragedy
4551:
4541:
4470:
4379:
4327:
4318:
4312:
4200:
4194:
4062:
4056:
4009:
4003:
3959:Mathieu Kérékou
3906:
3900:
3832:
3808:Reagan Doctrine
3783:Active measures
3775:
3769:
3760:Totalitarianism
3697:
3691:
3686:
3656:
3651:
3637:
3410:
3404:Prime ministers
3401:
3371:
3366:
3348:
3270:
3235:
3205:
3180:
3154:
3128:
3072:
3039:
3034:
3000:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2962:
2954:
2939:
2930:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2900:
2894:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2586:on 23 July 2022
2574:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2538:. 23 July 2022.
2536:bne IntelliNews
2530:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2492:
2488:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2452:
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2447:
2441:Wayback Machine
2430:
2429:
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2415:
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2263:www.cbsnews.com
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2187:. 21 March 2022
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2007:
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2002:
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1981:
1980:
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1966:
1964:
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1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
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1899:Wayback Machine
1891:
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1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1690:www.youtube.com
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1474:Wayback Machine
1465:
1461:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1366:
1339:North Macedonia
1332:
1330:
1314:
1312:
1296:
1294:
1270:(23 April 1996)
1257:
1240:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1186:
1181:
1136:
1102:(née Ramaj), a
1096:
1051:Arena Kombëtare
1034:
985:Socialist Party
828:
791:
723:
713:
624:
562:
561:
553:
535:
492:
489: 1971)
484:
480:
463:
460:Party of Labour
456:Political party
444:
441:
440:15 October 1944
435:
433:
409:
399:
393:
388:
376:
364:
358:
353:
341:
335:
329:
324:
299:
289:
283:
278:
266:
254:
248:
243:
231:
225:
219:
214:
188:
176:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
138:
134:
122:
117:
97:
85:
77:
73:
65:
59:
54:
38:
37:Berisha in 2009
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4885:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4755:Post-communism
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
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4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Czechoslovakia
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4328:Eastern Europe
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Isaias Afwerki
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Zianon Pazniak
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Erich Honecker
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3715:Anti-communism
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3281:
3279:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3246:
3244:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3216:
3214:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3191:
3189:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3165:
3163:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3139:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:none (1916â18)
3101:
3096:
3083:
3081:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3050:
3048:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2969:Rexhep Meidani
2967:
2964:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2932:
2923:Leader of the
2920:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2893:Leader of the
2890:
2884:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2854:External links
2852:
2849:
2848:
2822:
2812:
2794:
2776:
2750:
2724:
2712:
2686:
2683:(in Albanian).
2681:shqiptarja.com
2668:
2665:(in Albanian).
2663:shqiptarja.com
2650:
2645:gazetatema.com
2632:
2614:
2597:
2567:
2556:. 22 July 2022
2554:Balkan Insight
2541:
2523:
2512:
2486:
2471:
2445:
2423:
2397:
2372:
2347:
2324:
2298:
2276:
2250:
2224:
2198:
2172:
2147:
2121:
2099:
2074:
2048:
2025:
2000:
1974:
1947:
1934:www.flogen.org
1921:
1902:
1885:
1872:
1860:
1835:
1822:
1811:. 27 July 2009
1793:
1782:. 10 June 2007
1767:
1755:
1741:
1727:
1707:
1677:
1650:
1638:
1627:. 9 April 2008
1612:
1587:
1580:
1560:
1553:
1533:
1526:
1506:
1492:
1478:
1459:
1438:
1412:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1345:
1327:
1309:
1291:
1283:2009 â Doctor
1281:
1273:2009 â Doctor
1271:
1256:
1253:
1239:
1236:
1219:
1216:
1206:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1135:
1132:
1095:
1092:
1033:
1030:
1009:. In the 2012
977:Tirana-Elbasan
964:hunger strikes
932:Michelle Obama
894:Jadranka Kosor
855:George W. Bush
836:George W. Bush
827:
824:
790:
787:
783:Rexhep Meidani
779:1997 elections
727:1992 elections
712:
709:
623:
620:
598:United Kingdom
583:prime minister
545:
544:
541:
540:
533:
529:
528:
521:
517:
516:
506:
502:
501:
498:
494:
493:
482:
476:
475:
473:
469:
468:
467:(1990âpresent)
457:
453:
452:
431:
427:
426:
422:
421:
418:
417:
412:
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
385:
384:
379:
373:
372:
367:
361:
360:
350:
349:
344:
338:
337:
331:Assumed office
326:
325:
318:
315:
314:
308:
307:
302:
296:
295:
292:
286:
285:
275:
274:
269:
263:
262:
257:
251:
250:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
221:Assumed office
216:
215:
208:
205:
204:
200:Leader of the
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
147:
143:
142:
129:
125:
124:
114:
113:
106:
105:
103:Rexhep Meidani
100:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
68:
66:Prime Minister
62:
61:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4884:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4807:Living people
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4760:Yugoslav Wars
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:Neo-Stalinism
4748:
4746:
4745:Neo-Sovietism
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4629:Black January
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4180:Ronald Reagan
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Zhelyu Zhelev
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:Boris Yeltsin
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Joachim Gauck
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4052:Strike action
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Todor Zhivkov
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Deng Xiaoping
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Soviet Empire
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:International
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3650:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:Merlika-Kruja
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2929:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2907:Eduard Selami
2899:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2875:(in Albanian)
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2527:
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2479:Elmar, Brok.
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2431:(in Albanian)
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2110:(in Albanian)
2109:
2103:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2062:
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2052:
2037:
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2014:
2010:
2004:
1989:(in Albanian)
1988:
1984:
1978:
1963:(in Albanian)
1962:
1958:
1951:
1935:
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1218:Haklaj family
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1179:Controversies
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872:Berisha with
870:
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167:
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151:
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140:Bujar Nishani
137:
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132:Alfred Moisiu
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71:Vilson Ahmeti
69:
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4708:Later events
4624:Malta Summit
4456:Turkmenistan
4384:Soviet Union
4370:Soviet Union
4350:East Germany
4170:Meles Zenawi
4125:Sali Berisha
4124:
4075:VĂĄclav Havel
4022:Human chains
3929:KĂĄroly GrĂłsz
3859:Khozraschyot
3750:Nomenklatura
3725:Eastern Bloc
3627:
3465:
3453:
3308:
3278:(since 1991)
3103:
2984:
2957:
2937:Lulzim Basha
2922:
2892:
2887:
2860:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:the original
2825:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2763:the original
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2737:the original
2727:
2715:
2705:11 September
2703:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
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2671:
2662:
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2579:
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2499:
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2457:
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2410:
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2359:
2350:
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2310:
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2279:
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2236:
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2210:
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2163:. Retrieved
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2138:. Retrieved
2133:
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2112:. Retrieved
2102:
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2086:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2040:, retrieved
2034:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1960:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1915:
1905:
1888:
1875:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1848:www.osce.org
1847:
1838:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1808:
1784:. Retrieved
1779:
1770:
1758:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1717:
1710:
1700:25 September
1698:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1653:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1624:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:
1590:
1570:
1563:
1543:
1536:
1516:
1509:
1495:
1481:
1462:
1456:(in German).
1453:
1429:. Retrieved
1424:
1415:
1405:13 September
1403:. Retrieved
1398:
1389:
1241:
1221:
1209:
1195:
1187:
1174:
1169:
1164:Stuart Peach
1157:
1154:
1149:
1137:
1127:
1124:
1116:
1104:pediatrician
1100:Liri Berisha
1097:
1089:
1085:Lulzim Basha
1073:
1065:
1059:
1038:Lulzim Basha
1035:
1023:
1004:
997:
989:
973:
952:
937:
924:Liri Berisha
913:Fatmir Mediu
902:
880:Congress in
852:
845:
819:
816:
809:
799:
795:Azem Hajdari
792:
775:
766:
750:
739:
731:
724:
698:
691:
688:
680:
676:hemodynamics
663:
648:
625:
617:
609:Lulzim Basha
606:
591:
575:conservative
549:
548:
410:Succeeded by
389:
377:Succeeded by
354:
347:Lulzim Basha
330:
319:
300:Succeeded by
279:
272:Lulzim Basha
267:Succeeded by
260:Tritan Shehu
244:
237:Lulzim Basha
220:
209:
189:Succeeded by
150:Ilir Rusmali
118:
98:Succeeded by
79:Bashkim Fino
55:
25:Sali Berisha
18:
4802:1944 births
4684:August Coup
4537:South Yemen
4482:Afghanistan
4326:Central and
4319:by location
4223:Civic Forum
4110:Feng Congde
4085:Ion Iliescu
4070:Lech WaĆÄsa
4027:Magnitizdat
3989:Zhao Ziyang
3979:Heng Samrin
3939:MiloĆĄ JakeĆĄ
3849:Perestroika
3358:⥠President
2390:10 December
2365:10 December
2317:10 December
2291:10 December
2269:10 December
2087:politiko.al
1431:31 December
1000:Middle East
922:Sali &
898:Borut Pahor
876:during the
842:, June 2007
800:coup d'Ă©tat
462:(1968â1990)
400:Preceded by
365:Preceded by
342:Preceded by
336:22 May 2022
290:Preceded by
255:Preceded by
232:Preceded by
226:22 May 2022
177:Preceded by
86:Preceded by
4796:Categories
4725:Lustration
4599:Baltic Way
4550:Individual
4527:Mozambique
4466:Uzbekistan
4451:Tajikistan
4436:Kyrgyzstan
4431:Kazakhstan
4396:Azerbaijan
4375:Yugoslavia
4253:Solidarity
4213:Charter 77
4199:Opposition
4095:Wu'erkaixi
4061:Opposition
4008:Opposition
3999:Siad Barre
3944:Egon Krenz
3914:Ramiz Alia
3905:Government
3844:Uskoreniye
3776:background
3698:background
2992:2005â2013
2979:Fatos Nano
2952:Ramiz Alia
2931:1997â2013
2917:Genc Pollo
2769:18 October
2743:18 October
2464:23 October
2458:sot.com.al
2243:27 October
2237:a2news.com
2217:27 October
2211:a2news.com
2191:27 October
2165:27 October
2140:27 October
2114:27 October
2092:27 October
2067:27 October
2042:27 October
2018:27 October
1993:27 October
1967:27 October
1631:2 December
1605:5 December
1381:References
1019:hydropower
725:After the
715:See also:
684:Ramiz Alia
670:Cultural (
478:Liri Ramaj
436:1944-10-15
415:Fatos Nano
370:Fatos Nano
182:Fatos Nano
158:Genc Pollo
136:Bamir Topi
91:Ramiz Alia
4765:Pink tide
4559:Jeltoqsan
4475:Elsewhere
4426:Lithuania
4278:Rastokhez
4218:New Forum
4201:movements
4100:Chai Ling
3710:Communism
3548:Mitrovica
3508:Evangjeli
3461:Prishtina
3449:Evangjeli
3243:(1944â91)
3213:(1943â44)
3188:(1939â43)
3162:(1928â39)
3136:(1925â28)
3080:(1914â25)
3047:(1912â14)
2807:Telegrafi
2311:Konica.al
1188:In 1996,
1171:impunity.
1134:Sanctions
948:Ilir Meta
882:Bucharest
748:in 1995.
554:Albanian:
520:Signature
505:Education
394:1991â1992
390:In office
359:1997â2005
355:In office
321:Incumbent
284:1990â1992
280:In office
245:In office
211:Incumbent
162:Ilir Meta
128:President
119:In office
56:In office
4522:Mongolia
4517:Ethiopia
4502:Cambodia
4406:Chechnya
4340:Bulgaria
4115:Tank Man
4105:Wang Dan
4090:Liu Gang
4047:Samizdat
4042:Protests
3881:Glasnost
3864:500 Days
3788:Cold War
3696:Internal
3649:Category
3543:Libohova
3533:Libohova
3513:Frashëri
3355:* Acting
3314:Gjinushi
3232:Frashëri
3227:Biçakçiu
2998:Edi Rama
2963:1992â97
2901:1991â92
2627:Vox News
2437:Archived
1916:Ynetnews
1895:Archived
1853:19 April
1694:Archived
1470:Archived
1425:euronews
1364:See also
1207:â
1146:stated:
1120:Edi Rama
1067:de facto
692:Bashkimi
596:and the
571:Albanian
497:Children
382:Edi Rama
194:Edi Rama
4774:Related
4532:Somalia
4461:Ukraine
4441:Moldova
4416:Georgia
4411:Estonia
4401:Belarus
4391:Armenia
4365:Romania
4355:Hungary
4335:Albania
4243:SÄ
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4063:leaders
4010:methods
3907:leaders
3896:Äá»i Má»i
3837:Reforms
3628:Berisha
3573:Ăarçani
3538:Bushati
3523:VĂ«rlaci
3483:VĂ«rlaci
3467:Kosturi
3439:Delvina
3434:PĂ«rmeti
3429:Toptani
3424:PĂ«rmeti
3408:Albania
3335:Nishani
3320:Meidani
3309:Berisha
3303:Arbnori
3257:Nishani
3114:Delvina
3109:PĂ«rmeti
3099:Toptani
3094:Wilhelm
3067:Alizoti
2590:23 July
2560:23 July
2416:26 June
2342:Twitter
1686:"Video"
1347:2015 â
1329:2013 â
1325:Prizren
1311:2013 â
1293:2012 â
1287:of the
1277:of the
1260:1996 â
1228:Tropojë
758:Wahhabi
638:, to a
630:, then
628:Viçidol
532:Website
491:
483:
450:Albania
446:Tropojë
4552:events
4487:Angola
4446:Russia
4421:Latvia
4360:Poland
4317:Events
3969:Ne Win
3588:Ahmeti
3558:Biçaku
3488:Vrioni
3455:Koculi
3444:Vrioni
3325:Moisiu
3297:Islami
3262:Lleshi
2841:2 June
2505:19 May
1961:DW.COM
1815:23 May
1786:23 May
1734:2 June
1725:
1670:2 June
1578:
1551:
1524:
1336:
1321:Kosovo
1318:
1303:Kosovo
1300:
1245:Tirana
1212:(1996)
1160:Tirana
1108:autism
1083:, and
930:&
928:Barack
909:GĂ«rdec
884:, 2012
863:Serbia
859:Kosovo
840:Tirana
762:Salafi
705:Kavajë
672:UNESCO
640:Muslim
472:Spouse
146:Deputy
4507:China
4497:Burma
4492:Benin
3618:Majko
3608:Majko
3593:Meksi
3568:Shehu
3563:Hoxha
3518:Kotta
3503:Kotta
3419:Kemal
3345:Begaj
3176:Zog I
3062:Kemal
2338:Tweet
1940:7 May
1343:Debar
1307:Deçan
1077:Begaj
1055:RENEA
926:with
861:from
753:Islam
659:Paris
634:, in
485:(
481:
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3603:Nano
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3583:Bufi
3578:Nano
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3498:Zogu
3493:Noli
3478:Zogu
3363:King
3340:Meta
3330:Topi
3292:Alia
3267:Alia
3150:Zogu
3124:Noli
2843:2016
2771:2016
2745:2016
2707:2024
2592:2022
2562:2022
2507:2021
2466:2023
2418:2024
2392:2022
2367:2022
2319:2022
2293:2022
2271:2022
2245:2022
2219:2022
2193:2022
2167:2022
2142:2022
2116:2022
2094:2022
2069:2022
2044:2022
2020:2022
1995:2022
1969:2022
1942:2020
1855:2023
1817:2010
1788:2010
1736:2011
1723:ISBN
1702:2020
1672:2011
1633:2021
1607:2021
1576:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1433:2023
1407:2021
1110:and
1081:Rama
896:and
719:and
430:Born
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3473:Ypi
3406:of
1809:BBC
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878:EPP
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