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legitimacy of the
Senecas' absolute ownership claim. The controversy aroused bitterness, lawsuits, and appeals to government officials. Congress passed a law explicitly placing the improvements under Seneca jurisdiction, the new leases were put into effect, and fifteen houses were seized and their owners evicted for refusing to sign the leases. The current leases are in effect until 2030, with an option to extend until 2070; proceeds from the lease payments are distributed quarterly to enrolled Seneca Nation members, providing a
1180:"Between 2004-05 and 2009-10, State aid for the City, including casino revenues, increased by an average annual rate of nearly 50 percent (starting at $ 0.8 million in 2004-05 and peaking at $ 7.3 million in 2008-09). Salamanca’s average annual expenditure increases on debt service, general government, transportation, utilities and public safety between 2004-05 and 2009-10 were all in the double digits." This was attributable to revenues from the Seneca Allegany Casino.
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1102:) both having facilities there. Generations of Salamanca residents worked for the railroads, and much of the housing was originally built for them by the railroads. The city also benefited from the then-thriving lumber industry that dominated much of southwestern Cattaraugus County at the turn of the century, as
1208:
elsewhere in the state; payments were resumed in 2013. The state provided the city with emergency funds to help support it until the dispute was settled. The
Senecas again announced it would halt payments to the state in 2017, stating that a clause in the gaming compact had expired and its obligation
1203:
Significant change did not quickly take place in the city, with new construction in only a few select areas. Main Street and US Route 219 (which runs through the city) remain largely untouched. Redevelopment was delayed when the Nation stopped casino payments in late 2010, in a dispute with the state
1199:
in
Salamanca in May 2004. About 1,000 new jobs were created by the casino operation, resulting in a housing shortage in the small town as new workers entered the city. Under the arrangement with the state, a 25% share of the casino's revenue goes to the city and county, which they can use for needed
1765:
of 2000, there were 6,097 people, 2,469 households, and 1,575 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,015.6 inhabitants per square mile (392.1/km). There were 2,749 housing units at an average density of 457.9 units per square mile (176.8 units/km). The racial makeup of the
1809:
living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.00.
1757:
As of the 2020 United States census, Salamanca had a population of 5,929. The ethnic and racial makeup of the population was 69.3% White, 2.6% African-American, 18.6% Native
American, 0.7% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.7% reporting two or more races, and 6.7% Hispanic or Latino of any race.
1813:
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
1487:
There is no direct television broadcasting in
Salamanca; the city is ostensibly part of the Buffalo media market, and local cable and satellite providers carry those stations (as well as some from Erie, Pennsylvania and Toronto, Ontario), but the hilly terrain around the city makes television
1149:
When the leases expired in the early 1990s, the nation tried to gain more from its leases, raising their costs and asserting not only the land, but the improvements were also subject to the native leases. Numerous people living in the city did not agree on the amount of lease payments or the
1126:, 19 miles to the east, the major hub of the county; Olean, however, would continue to grow rapidly into the 1950s, while Salamanca's population would begin falling behind almost immediately. The Salamanca Rail Museum was opened in the former BR&P depot in 1984 to house its archives.
2119:
1221:
Retail shops include several Seneca-owned cigarette, tobacco, coffee shops, and gas stations; there are several empty storefronts, especially in the city's central business district on and near Main Street. The Seneca Nation has made efforts to diversify, establishing a tribal
1165:. Once a Seneca acquires the land, it is taken off the tax rolls; for this reason, the city of Salamanca does not auction-off abandoned properties on the reservation in a property-tax auction, for fear Seneca individuals will buy the land, removing it from the tax rolls.
1209:
to continue paying the state was no longer in effect. The Seneca Nation and the state of New York agreed to a settlement in
January 2022, with the Senecas agreeing to pay the money owed, ahead of negotiations for a renewal of the compact in 2023.
1074:
independent of the city of
Salamanca. Hemlock was later renamed "West Salamanca" and (although it was marked on road signs as late as the 1990s) was eventually incorporated into the single city of Salamanca. The city was incorporated in 1913.
1145:
the property from the Seneca Nation. As arranged by the railroads, the previous leases had nominal payments and covered only the land; improvements (i.e., buildings and houses) were considered to be owned by the non-native citizens.
1959:(1856–1936), banker, congressman, co-author of the "Aldrich-Vreeland Bill" that transformed the United States Banking system in the early 20th century. Senator Aldrich represented Rhode Island and was the maternal grandfather of
1212:
Because of the contentious relations between Seneca and non-Seneca residents, columnist Selena Zito described
Salamanca as a "failed American city" in 2011, in a column that soon drew the rebuke of city officials.
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1304:, the Seneca Transit System, and the Olean Area Transit System all converge on the city. The city's only active (freight) rail depot is on the east side of the city, serviced by the
1817:
The median income for a household in the city was $ 24,579, and the median income for a family was $ 30,996. Males had a median income of $ 25,549 versus $ 19,180 for females. The
2404:
589:, the city has an area of 6.24 square miles (16.15 km), of which 5.99 square miles (15.52 km) is land and 0.24 square miles (0.63 km), or 3.88%, is water.
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1950:
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is the local newspaper. A daily paper (publishing Monday through
Saturday) for most of the 20th century, the paper reverted to a weekly publication in 2009.
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A number of industrial factories, among them McHone
Industries (a metal fabricating company) and Salamanca Lumber, operate in the center part of the city.
1122:
today) all used the railroads to ship their goods upstream. At the time of the city's incorporation, it peaked at under 10,000 residents, not far behind
206:
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1907:, the largest state park in New York; developed the Fancher farm, on the western side of Salamanca, which boasts one of the largest barns in New York.
1966:
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272:
1161:, which the lessee must pay to the city, Cattaraugus County and the Salamanca City Central School District. Seneca-owned land is exempt under the
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558:
1913:(1947-), daytime television personality and weather reporter; born and worked in Salamanca, he spent most of his childhood in neighboring
1460:, a regional Catholic radio network, with its nominal studio in Kill Buck. W288EK (FM 105.5) is also licensed to Salamanca and simulcasts
2376:
604:). The city population of about 5,900 is about 19% Native American; this does not include Seneca people living in the nearby hamlets of
2510:
1994:
1231:
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1432:, and Lighthouse Baptist Church all have branches in the city bounds. At least two other independent churches also operate; the local
289:
1350:
1266:
1095:
95:
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561:, a Spanish nobleman and cabinet minister of the mid-19th century. Salamanca invested in railroads around the globe, including the
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1380:(which officially ends at the city line before entering the city) and the Pennsylvania Railroad path is now the Pennsy Trail. The
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1863:(1961–2020), former National Football League safety; he returned to his hometown to serve as a principal in the city schools
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The majority of the city, with the exception of a northeastern spur along Great Valley Creek, was constructed on the
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63:
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1245:, hosts a regional hardware chain, a local antique shop, and a small taqueria Three hotels operate in the city.
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trees throughout the surrounding mountains. The eastern community (from modern-day Conrath Avenue eastward) was
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2647:
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365:
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1805:
There were 2,469 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were
1452:(on the AM band at 1590) are licensed to Salamanca. WQRS (The Goat, historically known as 98 Rocks) carries a
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2162:
1899:(1859–1930), New York state senator in the late 19th/early 20th century; co-owner (with E.B. Vreeland of the
1779:
1162:
1137:, as established in various treaties. Under the nation's policy, non-Seneca residents are barred from owning
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265:
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reception problematic. Two low-powered stations based in Olean can occasionally be received over the air.
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1946:
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1932:(1945–2015), former pro football player; born in Salamanca, he spent most of his childhood in nearby
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480:
88:
3006:
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1903:, a subsidiary of Standard Oil Company); donated much of the land to New York that now comprises
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1270:
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in 2011. In 2021, many of the city's vacant buildings and former smoke shops were converted into
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605:
41:
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1893:
is named in his honor; it was closed in 2011 due to disrepair and would not reopen until 2013.
1821:
for the city was $ 12,812. About 18.0% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the
2869:
2780:
1942:
1938:
1475:, shut down and sold its assets to a broadcaster who plans to operate the station elsewhere.
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1358:
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until 1990. Today, the station houses the Salamanca Rail Museum. Two miles to the east, the
3013:
2929:
2707:
2617:
2612:
2443:
1945:
in the late 20th century. Raised in Salamanca's East End; graduated from local schools and
1876:
1799:
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format run by Seven Mountains Media out of Olean; WGGO is an owned and operated station of
1393:
1054:
What is now known as the city of Salamanca was originally two separate communities, one on
601:
453:
1400:, and no commercial passenger service operates out of it. The nearest public airports are
8:
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2914:
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2839:
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2732:
2697:
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1933:
1904:
1783:
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1115:
1067:
617:
2145:
Life on the Rails: A Photographic Tour Through the Archives of the Salamanca Rail Museum
2046:"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Salamanca city, New York"
1062:; the westernmost one of the two was called "Hemlock", a name derived from the numerous
2939:
2919:
2737:
2667:
2662:
1956:
1920:
1900:
1381:
1285:, the last two of which terminate within a mile of each other on Salamanca's west end.
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1896:
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last had passenger trains at the latter in the mid-1950s. Into the early 1940s, the
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1879:(1933–2015), teacher, Member of the Board of Seneca Nation Educational Foundation
1850:
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624:
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534:
145:
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and five trustees selected from wards, generally numbered from west to east.
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Despite the lack of ownership, leased land held by non-Senecas is subject to
1138:
1087:
969:
485:
241:
221:
208:
1886:
1840:
1825:, including 32.7% of those under age 18 and 15.9% of those age 65 or over.
1822:
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1321:
1158:
570:
327:
2466:
Hogan, Thomas E, "City in a Quandary: Salamanca and the Allegany Leases",
623:
Salamanca is one of the two cities in Cattaraugus County, the other being
2995:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
2542:
1870:
1860:
1078:
2971:
2221:"Senecas sign agreement with NY to discontinue litigation over compact"
1924:
1854:
1489:
1373:
1119:
248:
1335:
made stops there. The last passenger train making stops there was the
1070:; the eastern half of what is now Kill Buck remains an unincorporated
1969:, Seneca Indian artist known for public art and illustrations in the
1882:
1468:
1461:
1319:
had operated passenger trains through Salamanca. Into the 1960s, the
1301:
1297:
1234:, leading to a glut of retailers for the recently legalized product.
609:
434:
1200:
projects. Revenues for the city increased dramatically (see above).
30:
2408:
1844:
1806:
1471:(FM 105.9) was operated out of Salamanca. The station, licensed to
1193:
1174:
1103:
468:
284:
2484:
557:. The population was 5,929 at the 2020 census. It was named after
1091:
2120:"Killbuck or Kill Buck? One word or two? What's proper spelling"
1885:(1915–2007), musician/songwriter; composed the Christmas song "
1762:
1205:
1196:
1941:(1924–2003) player, scout, coach and general manager with the
1361:
ran passenger trains into a third station for trains between
1353:
had an "East Salamanca" station. The successor railroad, the
1142:
1063:
460:
439:
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1869:(1966-), an American aviator, the first solo pilot to fly a
1173:
The city has a council-mayor system, with the mayor elected
1449:
1445:
1086:
At one time the city was a thriving railroad hub, with the
574:
542:
16:
This article is about the city. For the adjacent town, see
2271:(4). National Railway Publication Company. September 1955.
2405:"American pilot making epic solo flight around the world"
2351:
2048:. U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from
1464:(Big Oly), another Seven Mountains station out of Olean.
1273:) passes south of the city. Running through the city are
2479:
2009:
1853:(1898–1972), member of the House of Representatives for
517:
1949:, and began his baseball career with the still-extant
2377:"Local Pilot Breaks Record on Round the World Flight"
2290:(1). National Railway Publication Company. June 1941.
2253:
Erie Lackawanna timetable, October 29, 1961, Table 1
2244:
Erie Railroad timetable, April 27, 1958, Tables 1, 4
1384:
also cuts across the city, mainly using city roads.
1376:: the NY&LE right-of-way is now the state-owned
2186:Herbeck, Dan and Kathleen Ronayne (July 28, 2012).
55:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2209:, Office of the State Comptroller, New York, 2012
3028:
1987:
1873:, a small, single-engine plane, around the world
1758:66.3% of the population was non-Hispanic white.
1392:Salamanca has no local major airports. Although
1082:Salamanca station, now the Salamanca Rail Museum
2294:
1341:which was discontinued on January 6, 1970. The
2202:
2200:
2511:
2040:
2038:
1372:Two of the former rail rights-of-way are now
1141:on the reservation, and non-Senecas can only
2188:Senecas plan to evict Snyder Beach residents
2111:
608:(one of the two capitals of the nation) and
137:
2263:"Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Table 25".
2197:
1396:is nearby, this airport is mostly used for
2518:
2504:
2035:
1802:of any race were 1.82% of the population.
2321:
2319:
1351:Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway
1096:Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
2207:"2012 FISCAL PROFILE: CITY OF SALAMANCA"
1077:
3057:1870 establishments in New York (state)
2327:"Quick Facts: Salamanca city, New York"
1923:(1881–1952), president and chairman of
3047:Cities in Cattaraugus County, New York
3029:
2316:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2098:"Climate Statistics for Salamanca, NY"
1519:
2499:
2143:Burleson, Kevin and Fordham, Gerald.
1402:Buffalo Niagara International Airport
639:Climate data for Salamanca, New York
3042:Populated places established in 1870
2282:"Pennsylvania Railroad, Table 161".
2180:
2171:"Portrait of a Failed American City"
2073:"Portrait of a Failed American City"
1963:, governor of New York in the 1960s.
1794:, and 1.75% from two or more races.
392:5.99 sq mi (15.52 km)
384:6.24 sq mi (16.15 km)
53:adding citations to reliable sources
24:
2492:, Western New York Railroad Archive
2344:
2150:
563:Atlantic and Great Western Railroad
400:0.24 sq mi (0.63 km)
13:
2582:
2526:Municipalities and communities of
2485:Salamanca Area Chamber of Commerce
2480:City of Salamanca official website
2302:"Census of Population and Housing"
2218:
2117:
1509:
1183:
1106:along the Allegheny River such as
14:
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2015:
1828:
1436:disaffiliated in the late 2010s.
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194:Location in the state of New York
181:
2070:
1995:"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"
1315:and then, starting in 1960, the
1228:economic development corporation
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1345:operated between Salamanca and
1343:New York and Lake Erie Railroad
1306:Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad
127:City in New York, United States
40:needs additional citations for
2284:Official Guide of the Railways
2265:Official Guide of the Railways
2137:
2090:
2064:
600:(one of the six tribes of the
1:
2163:"Smokes cheap, tensions high"
2161:Zito, Selena (June 5, 2011).
1997:. United States Census Bureau
1980:
1857:'s 8th congressional district
1837:(1887–1995), theater producer
1492:is the local cable provider.
1448:(on the FM band at 98.3) and
1168:
1042:Source: The Weather Channel
553:, one of two governed by the
429:989.16/sq mi (381.93/km)
2529:Cattaraugus County, New York
580:
549:, United States, inside the
547:Cattaraugus County, New York
7:
2356:United States Census Bureau
2177:. Retrieved July 28, 2012.)
2018:"English-Seneca Dictionary"
1422:Southern Baptist Convention
1411:
1355:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
1131:Allegany Indian Reservation
1100:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
828:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
758:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
594:Allegany Indian Reservation
587:United States Census Bureau
551:Allegany Indian Reservation
10:
3073:
3037:Cities in New York (state)
2460:
2194:. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
1961:Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller
1947:St. Bonaventure University
1925:Standard Oil of New Jersey
1751:U.S. Decennial Census 2020
1277:and New York State Routes
1216:
1049:
1041:
638:
630:
612:. The city lies along the
408:1,381 ft (421 m)
18:Salamanca (town), New York
15:
3052:Seneca Nation of New York
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2175:Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
1971:Allegany Seneca Storybook
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1406:Bradford Regional Airport
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1135:Seneca Nation of New York
1118:(all much-less populated
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2147:(1999, Feruguson Press).
1891:Ray Evans Seneca Theater
1843:(1888–1967), former MLB
1458:The Station of the Cross
1439:
1263:Southern Tier Expressway
592:Salamanca is within the
340:• W1: John "Jack" Hill (
2961:Oil Springs Reservation
2955:Cattaraugus Reservation
1814:there were 86.6 males.
1434:United Methodist Church
1317:Erie Lackawanna Railway
1271:New York State Route 17
1163:Treaty of Buffalo Creek
138:
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1897:Albert T. "Ab" Fancher
1426:Seventh-day Adventists
1387:
1367:Oil City, Pennsylvania
1288:Salamanca serves as a
1152:basic income guarantee
1083:
2586:
2352:"U.S. Census website"
1975:Seneca Coloring Book.
1943:Philadelphia Phillies
1501:Historical population
1430:Free Methodist Church
1359:Pennsylvania Railroad
1232:cannabis dispensaries
1081:
452: • Summer (
364:• W5: Janet L. Koch (
354:• W3: Barry Smith (I)
347:• W2: Kylee Johnson (
222:42.15861°N 78.71583°W
64:"Salamanca, New York"
3015:United States portal
2950:Allegany Reservation
2905:Farmersville Station
2449:May 2, 2013, at the
2052:on February 12, 2020
1877:Maxine Crouse Dowler
1394:Great Valley Airport
688:Record high °F (°C)
602:Iroquois Confederacy
426: • Density
49:improve this article
2490:Salamanca, New York
2468:New York History 55
2225:The Salamanca Press
1951:Salamanca Merchants
1905:Allegany State Park
1871:Piper Malibu Mirage
1502:
1467:From 2010 to 2021,
1424:(House of Prayer),
1056:Little Valley Creek
898:Record low °F (°C)
618:Allegany State Park
616:and is adjacent to
227:42.15861; -78.71583
218: /
2588:
2167:Pittsburgh Tribune
1957:Edward B. Vreeland
1921:Ralph W. Gallagher
1901:Seneca Oil Company
1867:Robert DeLaurentis
1500:
1382:Finger Lakes Trail
1294:public bus service
1098:(BR&P) (later
1084:
1060:Great Valley Creek
418: • Total
397: • Water
381: • Total
357:• W4: Paul Myers (
3024:
3023:
2385:. August 24, 2015
2382:Chicago Sun-Times
1819:per capita income
1755:
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1311:In the past, the
1204:over its opening
1058:and the other on
1046:
1045:
585:According to the
559:José de Salamanca
528:
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389: • Land
301: • Type
290:José de Salamanca
164:City of Salamanca
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2022:
2016:Chafe, Wallace.
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1991:
1788:Pacific Islander
1776:African American
1766:city was 74.26%
1521:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1398:general aviation
1328:Atlantic Express
1237:The city's only
1068:Kill Buck's Town
636:
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457:
317:Sandra Magiera (
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3008:New York portal
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2453:, Seneca Nation
2451:Wayback Machine
2444:Carson Waterman
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2433:Salamanca Press
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1967:Carson Waterman
1851:Gordon Canfield
1831:
1807:married couples
1780:Native American
1514:
1498:
1481:Salamanca Press
1444:Radio stations
1442:
1418:Catholic Church
1414:
1390:
1378:Pat McGee Trail
1332:Pacific Express
1292:for the area's
1259:
1254:
1226:in 2009 and an
1224:holding company
1219:
1186:
1184:Casino revenues
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567:New York State
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2980:Quaker Bridge
2978:
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2911:
2910:Jimerson Town
2908:
2906:
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2898:
2897:
2895:
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2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
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2835:East Randolph
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:Little Valley
2805:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:Franklinville
2794:
2792:
2791:Ellicottville
2789:
2787:
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2782:
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2683:Little Valley
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2659:
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2649:
2648:Franklinville
2646:
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2639:
2638:Ellicottville
2636:
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2551:Little Valley
2546:
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2534:United States
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2201:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2169:(Also titled
2168:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2140:
2129:September 12,
2125:
2121:
2118:Hensel, Rod.
2114:
2099:
2093:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2023:. p. 141
2019:
2012:
2001:September 20,
1996:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:amateur team.
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:Little Valley
1912:
1909:
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1875:
1872:
1868:
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1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:George Abbott
1833:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1790:, 0.18% from
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1473:Little Valley
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1334:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1313:Erie Railroad
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:, Fullington
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:Interstate 86
1264:
1249:
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1239:shopping mall
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1214:
1210:
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1201:
1198:
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1191:
1190:Seneca Nation
1181:
1178:
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1160:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:real property
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Erie Railroad
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
971:
970:precipitation
966:
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710:
705:
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695:
690:
686:
642:
637:
628:
626:
621:
619:
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611:
607:
606:Jimerson Town
603:
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576:
572:
568:
564:
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478:
472:
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459:
455:
449:
445:
444:Eastern (EST)
441:
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428:
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416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
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391:
387:
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353:
350:
346:
343:
339:
338:
335:Members' List
331:
329:
326: •
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320:
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314:
311: •
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264:
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258:
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250:
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243:
242:United States
240:
236:
231:
203:Coordinates:
201:
176:
167:
162:
158:
153:
147:
140:
131:
119:
116:
108:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66: –
65:
61:
60:Find sources:
54:
50:
44:
43:
38:This article
36:
32:
27:
26:
23:
19:
2942:reservations
2875:Weston Mills
2817:South Dayton
2753:South Valley
2658:Great Valley
2643:Farmersville
2548:
2467:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2415:November 16,
2413:. Retrieved
2399:
2389:November 15,
2387:. Retrieved
2380:
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2346:
2334:. Retrieved
2330:
2306:. Retrieved
2304:. Census.gov
2296:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
2214:
2191:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2144:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2077:townhall.com
2076:
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2050:the original
2025:. Retrieved
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1989:
1974:
1970:
1887:Silver Bells
1841:Ray Caldwell
1823:poverty line
1816:
1812:
1804:
1760:
1756:
1496:Demographics
1486:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1454:classic rock
1443:
1415:
1391:
1371:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1322:Erie Limited
1320:
1310:
1287:
1260:
1247:
1236:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1187:
1179:
1172:
1159:property tax
1156:
1148:
1133:held by the
1128:
1112:South Valley
1085:
1053:
972:inches (mm)
622:
591:
584:
571:Pennsylvania
538:
530:
529:
497:36-009-64749
328:City Council
111:
102:
92:
85:
78:
71:
59:
47:Please help
42:verification
39:
22:
2972:Ghost towns
2870:West Valley
2781:Cattaraugus
2544:County seat
2361:January 31,
2230:January 13,
2056:October 23,
2027:February 6,
1861:Chuck Crist
1792:other races
1374:rail trails
1338:Lake Cities
1120:ghost towns
273:Reservation
266:Cattaraugus
225: /
3031:Categories
2930:Versailles
2855:Perrysburg
2723:Perrysburg
2708:New Albion
2618:Coldspring
2613:Carrollton
2336:October 4,
2331:census.gov
1981:References
1939:Paul Owens
1855:New Jersey
1761:As of the
1490:Breezeline
1169:Government
539:Onë:dagö:h
505:feature ID
413:Population
296:Government
213:78°42′57″W
139:Onë:dagö:h
75:newspapers
2989:Footnotes
2925:Steamburg
2915:Kill Buck
2880:Yorkshire
2845:Limestone
2840:Lime Lake
2812:Portville
2758:Yorkshire
2748:Salamanca
2743:Red House
2733:Portville
2698:Mansfield
2633:East Otto
2623:Conewango
2574:Salamanca
2082:August 4,
1934:Red House
1883:Ray Evans
1778:, 20.74%
1302:Trailways
1298:Coach USA
1192:opened a
1116:Red House
1104:boomtowns
610:Kill Buck
581:Geography
531:Salamanca
493:FIPS code
481:Area code
435:Time zone
405:Elevation
285:Named for
210:42°9′31″N
188:Salamanca
134:Salamanca
105:June 2011
2920:Sandusky
2860:Randolph
2776:Allegany
2768:Villages
2738:Randolph
2668:Humphrey
2663:Hinsdale
2603:Allegany
2447:Archived
2409:CBC News
1845:spitball
1796:Hispanic
1786:, 0.08%
1782:, 0.33%
1770:, 0.66%
1412:Religion
1325:and the
1194:gambling
1175:at-large
1037:(1,137)
968:Average
469:ZIP code
278:Allegany
254:New York
2892:hamlets
2850:Machias
2801:Gowanda
2786:Delevan
2693:Machias
2653:Freedom
2608:Ashford
2461:Sources
2308:June 4,
1889:". The
1847:pitcher
1347:Gowanda
1217:Economy
1206:racinos
1092:Conrail
1090:(later
1064:hemlock
1050:History
631:Climate
596:of the
541:) is a
520:.salmun
513:Website
508:0964291
238:Country
89:scholar
2940:Indian
2728:Persia
2703:Napoli
2688:Lyndon
2673:Ischua
2628:Dayton
2561:Cities
2103:May 6,
1800:Latino
1763:census
1686:−12.5%
1506:Census
1257:Ground
1197:casino
1072:hamlet
1027:(100)
1017:(104)
1012:(101)
1007:(119)
1002:(125)
963:(−32)
958:(−30)
953:(−20)
948:(−11)
918:(−14)
913:(−28)
908:(−32)
903:(−32)
833:(−10)
644:Month
573:, and
535:Seneca
261:County
146:Seneca
142:
91:
84:
77:
70:
62:
2890:Other
2713:Olean
2595:Towns
2569:Olean
2021:(PDF)
1784:Asian
1772:Black
1768:White
1741:5,929
1731:−4.6%
1726:5,815
1716:−7.1%
1711:6,097
1701:−4.7%
1696:6,566
1681:6,890
1671:−7.1%
1666:7,877
1656:−4.3%
1651:8,480
1641:−1.7%
1636:8,861
1626:−5.9%
1621:9,011
1606:9,577
1596:60.2%
1591:9,276
1581:36.3%
1576:5,792
1566:15.1%
1561:4,251
1551:45.9%
1546:3,692
1531:2,531
1440:Media
1363:Olean
1143:lease
1124:Olean
1035:44.76
1032:(90)
1022:(94)
997:(98)
992:(92)
987:(73)
982:(62)
977:(78)
943:(−7)
938:(−1)
933:(−4)
928:(−4)
923:(−7)
888:(−7)
883:(−1)
868:(12)
863:(13)
858:(11)
843:(−6)
838:(−9)
823:(13)
808:(14)
803:(21)
798:(24)
793:(26)
788:(24)
783:(19)
778:(13)
763:(−1)
753:(36)
748:(21)
743:(27)
738:(31)
733:(36)
728:(34)
723:(36)
718:(34)
713:(32)
708:(32)
703:(27)
698:(20)
693:(22)
683:Year
625:Olean
474:14779
463:(EDT)
461:UTC-4
440:UTC-5
421:5,929
313:Mayor
249:State
96:JSTOR
82:books
2827:CDPs
2718:Otto
2678:Leon
2417:2015
2391:2015
2363:2008
2338:2021
2310:2015
2232:2022
2131:2020
2105:2012
2084:2023
2058:2014
2029:2019
2003:2022
1973:and
1746:2.0%
1737:2020
1722:2010
1707:2000
1692:1990
1677:1980
1662:1970
1647:1960
1632:1950
1617:1940
1611:3.2%
1602:1930
1587:1920
1572:1910
1557:1900
1542:1890
1527:1880
1515:Note
1510:Pop.
1478:The
1469:WGWE
1462:WOLY
1450:WGGO
1446:WQRS
1416:The
1404:and
1365:and
1281:and
1269:and
1261:The
1188:The
1114:and
1108:Elko
1030:3.55
1025:3.94
1020:3.72
1015:4.11
1010:3.96
1005:4.68
1000:4.92
995:3.85
990:3.63
985:2.86
980:2.46
975:3.08
893:(2)
878:(3)
873:(8)
853:(5)
848:(0)
818:(1)
813:(8)
773:(6)
768:(1)
680:Dec
677:Nov
674:Oct
671:Sep
668:Aug
665:Jul
662:Jun
659:May
656:Apr
653:Mar
650:Feb
647:Jan
575:Ohio
543:city
522:.com
503:GNIS
376:Area
157:City
68:news
1798:or
1774:or
1388:Air
1290:hub
1283:353
1279:417
1094:),
961:−25
956:−22
911:−18
906:−25
901:−25
565:in
545:in
518:www
486:716
454:DST
51:by
3033::
2547::
2532:,
2431:,
2407:.
2379:.
2354:.
2329:.
2318:^
2288:74
2286:.
2269:88
2267:.
2223:.
2199:^
2190:.
2173:,
2165:,
2152:^
2122:.
2075:.
2037:^
1520:%±
1428:,
1420:,
1408:.
1369:.
1308:.
1296:.
1241:,
1154:.
1110:,
951:−4
946:13
941:20
936:31
931:25
926:24
921:19
891:35
886:20
881:30
876:37
871:47
866:54
861:55
856:51
851:41
846:32
841:21
836:15
831:14
821:55
816:34
811:46
806:58
801:69
796:76
791:78
786:75
781:66
776:55
771:42
766:33
761:30
751:97
746:70
741:81
736:87
731:97
726:94
721:97
716:94
711:90
706:89
701:80
696:68
691:72
627:.
620:.
577:.
569:,
537::
2963:‡
2957:‡
2803:‡
2519:e
2512:t
2505:v
2419:.
2393:.
2365:.
2340:.
2312:.
2234:.
2133:.
2107:.
2086:.
2060:.
2031:.
2005:.
1917:.
1536:—
1330:/
1265:(
916:7
533:(
456:)
446:)
442:(
368:)
366:D
361:)
359:D
351:)
349:D
344:)
342:D
321:)
319:D
148:)
144:(
118:)
112:(
107:)
103:(
93:·
86:·
79:·
72:·
45:.
20:.
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