Shaktism - Knowledge

33: 5839: 11966: 5405: 5848: 6029: 7048: 12593: 5249: 6495: 4258:. I bend the bow for Rudra , that his arrow may strike, and slay the hater of devotion. I rouse and order battle for the people, I created Earth and Heaven and reside as their Inner Controller. On the world's summit I bring forth sky the Father: my home is in the waters, in the ocean as Mother. Thence I pervade all existing creatures, as their Inner Supreme Self, and manifest them with my body. I created all worlds at my will, without any higher being, and permeate and dwell within them. 4900: 5738: 13899: 13909: 13888: 81: 4406:

motivating force behind all action and existence in the material universe. Yet in Shaktism, states C. MacKenzie Brown, the cultural concepts of masculine and the feminine as they exist among practitioners of Shaktism are aspects of the divine, transcendent reality. In Hindu iconography, the cosmic dynamic of male-female or masculine-feminine interdependence and equivalence, is expressed in the half-Shakti, half-Shiva deity known as

4428: 5470: 12339: 13919: 3883: 503: 12331: 6925: 6898: 6907: 6682: 6655: 6880: 4419: 6871: 6862: 6853: 6844: 6835: 6826: 6817: 6808: 6799: 6790: 6781: 6772: 6763: 6754: 6745: 6736: 6727: 6718: 6709: 6700: 6673: 6646: 6637: 6619: 6610: 6601: 6592: 6583: 6574: 6565: 6556: 6547: 6538: 6529: 6520: 6511: 6502: 5220: 7033:, dated to the 6th to 7th century CE, show Buddhist Matrikas (mother goddesses of Shaktism) next to the Buddha. Other goddesses in these caves include Durga. The goddess iconography in these Buddhist caves is close, but not identical to the Hindu Shakta tradition. The "seven Goddess mothers" are found in other Buddhist caves and literature, such as their discussion in the Buddhist text 565: 6454:. In contrast, Gavin Flood states that Shaivism and Shaktism traditions are difficult to separate, as many Shaiva Hindus revere the goddess Shakti regularly. The denominations of Hinduism, states Julius Lipner, are unlike those found in major religions of the world, because Hindu denominations are fuzzy with individuals revering gods and goddesses 4595:, or the "Song of the Goddess". The goddess explains she is the Brahman that created the world, asserting the Advaita premise that spiritual liberation occurs when one fully comprehends the identity of one's soul and the Brahman. This knowledge, asserts the goddess, comes from detaching self from the world and meditating on one's own soul. 5932:, and formerly offered a sacrifice of a goat to a goddess revered as Kuldevi – a practice that continues in some places. The ritual requires slaying of the animal with a single stroke. In the past this ritual was considered a rite of passage into manhood and readiness as a warrior. The ritual is directed by a priest. The 6401:

There is no census data available on demographic history or trends for Shaktism or other traditions within Hinduism. Estimates vary on the relative number of adherents in Shaktism compared to other traditions of Hinduism. According to a 2010 estimate by Johnson and Grim, the Shaktism tradition is the

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The roots of Shakta Tantrism are unclear, probably ancient and independent of the Vedic tradition of Hinduism. The interaction between Vedic and Tantric traditions trace back to at least the sixth century, and the surge in Tantra tradition developments during the late medieval period, states Geoffrey

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I am the Queen, the gatherer-up of treasures, most thoughtful, first of those who merit worship. Thus Gods have established me in many places with many homes to enter and abide in. Through me alone all eat the food that feeds them, – each man who sees, breathes, hears the word outspoken. They know it

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The tantra practices are secretive, subject to speculations and criticism. Scholars variously attribute such criticism to ignorance, misunderstanding or sectarian bias on the part of some observers, as well as unscrupulous practices by some Shaktas. These are some of the reasons many Hindus question

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Shaktism tradition practices animal sacrifice to revere goddesses such as Kali in many parts of India but particularly in the eastern and Himalayan states of India and Nepal. This is either an actual animal, or a vegetable or sweet dish substitute considered equivalent to the animal. In many cases,

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They are like fire and its power to burn: if one thinks of fire one must think of its power to burn. If one recognizes Kali one must also recognize Brahman; again, if one recognizes Brahman one must recognize Kali. Brahman and Its Power are identical. It is Brahman whom I address as Shakti or Kali.

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Kali is none other than Brahman. That which is called Brahman is really Kali. She is the Primal Energy. When that Energy remains inactive, I call It Brahman, and when It creates, preserves, or destroys, I call It Shakti or Kali. What you call Brahman I call Kali. Brahman and Kali are not different.

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I am Manifest Divinity, Unmanifest Divinity, and Transcendent Divinity. I am Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, as well as Saraswati, Lakshmi and Parvati. I am the Sun and I am the Stars, and I am also the Moon. I am all animals and birds, and I am the outcaste as well, and the thief. I am the low person of

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section, which was a late addition (100 to 300 CE) to the work. The archaeological and textual evidence implies, states Thomas Coburn, that the goddess had become as prominent as God in Hindu tradition by about the third or fourth century. The literature on Shakti theology grew in ancient India,

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She is "the loving mother who protects her children and whose fierceness guards them. She is outwardly frightening – with dark skin, pointed teeth, and a necklace of skulls – but inwardly beautiful. She can guarantee a good rebirth or great religious insight, and her worship is often communal –

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Shaktas conceive the goddess as the supreme, ultimate, eternal reality of all existence, or same as the Brahman concept of Hinduism. She is considered to be simultaneously the source of all creation, its embodiment and the energy that animates and governs it, and that into which everything will

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into colonial mining and plantations operations in the Indian ocean and the Caribbean regions. These included significant number of Shakta devotees. While instances of Shakta animal sacrifice during Kali puja in the Caribbean islands were recorded between 1850s to 1920s, these were relatively

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Shaktism encompasses a nearly endless variety of beliefs and practices – from animism to philosophical speculation of the highest order – that seek to access the Shakti (Divine Energy or Power) that is believed to be the Devi's nature and form. Its two largest and most visible schools are the

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Shaktism's focus on the Divine Female does not imply a rejection of the male. It rejects masculine-feminine, male-female, soul-body, transcendent-immanent dualism, considering nature as divine. Devi is considered to be the cosmos itself – she is the embodiment of energy, matter and soul, the

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Srividya largely views the goddess as "benign and beautiful " (in contrast to Kalikula's focus on "terrifying and horrifying " Goddess forms such as Kali or Durga). In Srikula practice, moreover, every aspect of the goddess – whether malignant or gentle – is identified with Lalita.

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Animal Sacrifice of a buffalo or goat, particularly during smallpox epidemics, has been practiced in parts of South India. The sacrificed animal is dedicated to a goddess, and is probably related to the myth of goddess Kali in Andhra Pradesh, but in Karnataka, the typical goddess is

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This text, states C. Mackenzie Brown – a professor of Religion, is both a culmination of centuries of Indian ideas about the divine woman, as well as a foundation for the literature and spirituality focussed on the female transcendence in centuries that followed. The

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not, yet I reside in the essence of the Universe. Hear, one and all, the truth as I declare it. I, verily, myself announce and utter the word that Gods and men alike shall welcome. I make the man I love exceeding mighty, make him nourished, a sage, and one who knows

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ideas, wherein nonduality is emphasized, all dualities are declared as incorrect, and interconnected oneness of all living beings' souls with Brahman is held as the liberating knowledge. However, adds Tracy Pintchman – a professor of Religious Studies and Hinduism,

5263:, which is regarded as her subtle form. The Sri Chakra can be visually rendered either as a two-dimensional diagram (whether drawn temporarily as part of the worship ritual, or permanently engraved in metal) or in the three-dimensional, pyramidal form known as the 4473:, remarked thus; about being an actual Shakti worshipper: "Do you know who is the real "Shakti-worshipper"? It is he who knows that God is the omnipresent force in the universe and sees in women the manifestation of that Force." Shakta-universalist 5856:

In Shaktism mythology, Durga slays an evil buffalo demon (left, 18th century statue). Right: A buffalo about to be sacrificed by a villager during Durga puja festival. The buffalo sacrifice practice, however, is rare in contemporary

5726:; the "Festival of Lights"), a major Hindu holiday celebrated across India and in Nepal as Tihar. In North India, Diwali marks the beginning of the traditional New Year, and is held on the night of the new moon in the Hindu month of 5275:

installed in South Indian temples, because – as modern practitioners assert – "there is no disputing that this is the highest form of Devi and that some of the practice can be done openly. But what you see in the temples is not the

5730:(usually October or November). Shaktas (and many non-Shaktas) celebrate it as another Lakshmi Puja, placing small oil lamps outside their homes and praying for the goddess's blessings. Diwali coincides with the celebration of 5338:

norms." Many Samaya practitioners explicitly deny being either Shakta or Tantric, though scholars argues that their cult remains technically both. The Samaya-Kaula division marks "an old dispute within Hindu Tantrism".

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is celebrated on the last four days of the Navaratis, following Kali Puja. It is very similar to Durga Puja in its details and observance, and is especially popular in Bengal and some other parts of Eastern India.

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said in Devi Upanishad, verse 2, "I am essentially Brahman". According to V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar – a professor of Indian history, in Shaktism theology "Brahman is static Shakti and Shakti is dynamic Brahman."

6458:, with many Shaiva and Vaishnava adherents recognizing Sri (Lakshmi), Parvati, Saraswati and other aspects of the goddess Devi. Similarly, Shakta Hindus revere Shiva and goddesses such as Parvati (such as Durga, 4608:, is a condensed philosophical treatise. It presents the divine female as a powerful and compassionate creator, pervader and protector of the universe. She is presented in the opening chapter of the 5648:

While Hindus of all denominations celebrate the autumn Navratri festival, Shaktas also celebrate two additional Navratris – one in the spring and one in the summer. The spring festival is known as

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Some forms of the goddess are widely known in the Hindu world. The common goddesses of Shaktism, popular in the Hindu thought at least by about mid 1st-millennium CE, include Parvati, Durga, Kali,

4890:. Shaktas approach the Devi in many forms; however, they are all considered to be but diverse aspects of the one supreme goddess. The primary Devi form worshiped by a Shakta devotee is his or her 5863:

In Nepal, West Bengal, Odisha and Assam, animal sacrifices are performed at Shakti temples, particularly to mark the legend of goddess Durga slaying the buffalo demon. This involves slaying of a

10371: 5204:. Rooted in first-millennium. Srikula became a force in South India no later than the seventh century, and is today the prevalent form of Shaktism practiced in South Indian regions such as 11115: 7047: 5334:

finds its roots in the work of the 16th-century commentator Lakshmidhara, and is "fiercely puritanical attempts to reform Tantric practice in ways that bring it in line with high-caste

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The philosophical and devotional underpinning of all such ritual, however, remains a pervasive vision of the Devi as supreme, absolute divinity. As expressed by the 19th-century saint

5387:, Shamshan Kali (goddess of the cremation ground), Dakshina Kali, and Siddheshwari are worshipped in the region of Bengal to protect against disease and smallpox as well as ill omens. 6040:

Beyond tantra, the Shakta sub-traditions subscribe to various philosophies, are similar in some aspects and differ in others. These traditions compare with Vaishnavism, Shaivism and

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Shaktism is a goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism, involving many goddesses, all being regarded as various aspects, manifestations, or personifications of the same supreme goddess

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Shakta temples are found all over South Asia. Many towns, villages and geographic landmarks are named for various forms of the Devi. Major pilgrimage sites of Shaktism are called "

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smaller group with about 30 million or 3.2% of Hindus. Adherents of Shaktism are referred to as Shaktas. Large shakta communities are particularly found in eastern states, such as

5807:(Parvati) and Shiva. The festival is one where both the Vaishnava and Shaiva communities join the celebrations, because Vishnu gives away his sister Parvati in marriage to Shiva. 5063:) and oral instruction to supplement various written sources. There has been a historic debate between Shakta theologians on whether its tantric practices are Vedic or non-Vedic. 11355: 4896:, that is a personally selected Devi. The selection of this deity can depend on many factors such as family tradition, regional practice, guru lineage, and personal resonance. 7006:

spirituality who are attracted to Goddess worship", suggest Shaktism is a "symbol of wholeness and healing, associated especially with repressed female power and sexuality."

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Shaktas celebrate most major Hindu festivals, as well as a huge variety of local, temple- or deity-specific observances. A few of the more important events are listed below:

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tradition, from which it is derived. It is subdivided into four subcategories of texts based on the goddesses Kuleśvarī, Kubjikā, Kālī and Tripurasundarī respectively. The

5948:– a professor of Religions, History and Human Sciences, these ritual animal sacrifices, with some differences, mirrors goddess - related ritual animal sacrifice found in 5241:, is probably the most famous visual image in all of Hindu Tantric tradition. Its literature and practice is perhaps more systematic than that of any other Shakta sect. 4547:

is historically the most complete introduction to Shakta Tantrism, distilling into its 16 verses almost every important topic in Shakta Tantra tradition. Along with the

5401:). The tantric part generally stand "in opposition to the brahmanic tradition," which they view as "overly conservative and denying the experiential part of religion." 5969:

the relevance and historicity of Tantra to their tradition. The emphasis in Shaktism that love of the deity is more important than obedience shows an influence of the

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Shaktism devotees consider animal sacrifice distasteful, and practice alternate means of expressing devotion while respecting the views of others in their tradition.

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The central conception of Hindu philosophy is of the Absolute; that is the background of the universe. This Absolute Being, of whom we can predicate nothing, has Its

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or Ameti is a celebration of the menstruation of the goddess, by hundreds of thousands of devotees, in a festival held in June/July (during the monsoon season) at

7098:– the fierce warrior form of the Hindu goddess. According to Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh – a professor of Religious Studies, the stories about goddess Durga in the 11702: 11559: 10164: 5716:

is a part of Durga Puja celebrations by Shaktas, where Laksmi symbolizes the goddess of abundance and autumn harvest. Lakshmi's biggest festival, however, is

5883: 5641:(lit., the "Buffalo Demon"). Durga Puja also became the main religio-cultural celebration within the Bengal diaspora in the West (together with Kali and 4995:("Seven Mothers"), "who are the energies of different major Gods, and described as assisting the great Shakta Devi in her fight with demons", and the 64 7054: 6494: 5485:

devi is mainly worshipped as the goddess Bhavani. She is one of the important Hindu deities in Nepal. Two major centers of Shaktism in West Bengal are

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incorporates Tantric ideas giving the Devi a form and motherly character rather than the gender-neutral concept of Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta.

4350:– a professor of Religious Studies, but "it is surely the earliest in which the object of worship is conceptualized as goddess, with a capital G". 4302:(speech, wisdom), Sarasvati (as river), Prithivi (earth), Nirriti (annihilator), Shraddha (faith, confidence). Goddesses such as Uma appear in the 10380: 4002:

Shaktism involves a galaxy of goddesses, all being regarded as different aspects, manifestations, or personifications of the same supreme goddess

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among these Rajput communities is a warrior-pativrata guardian goddess, with local legends tracing reverence for her during Rajput-Muslim wars.

5319:, first appeared as a coherent ritual system in the 8th century in central India, and its most revered theorist is the 18th-century philosopher 11339: 9219:, p. 21, 202–207: "To the right of the main Buddha image, carved out of the wall of the sanctum, is an ensemble of seven female images". 11138: 11656: 11535: 11583: 10884:

Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the Transformative and Inclusive Character of a Multi-faceted Hindu Deity

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tradition) found in Nepal and Tibet and the Tantric Shakta tradition of Hinduism. Both movements cherish female deities. According to

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are reworkings of ancient Shakti mythologies. A significant part of this Sikh scripture is based on the teachings in the Shakta text

5660:(March/April). Srividya lineages dedicate this festival to Devi's form as the goddess Tripura Sundari. The summer festival is called 613: 4673:

describes the Devi (or goddess) as "universal, cosmic energy" resident within each individual. It thus weaves in the terminology of

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Joshi, M. C. (2002). "Historical and Iconographical Aspects of Shakta Tantrism". In Harper, Katherine; Brown, Robert L. (eds.).

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elements associated with the Tarapith tradition, including "conquest of the Goddess, exorcism, trance, and control of spirits."

2790: 1376: 32: 11439: 4069:. Shaktism emphasizes that intense love of the deity is more important than simple obedience, thus showing an influence of the 11197:

Urban, Hugh (1997). "Elitism and Esotericism: Strategies of Secrecy and Power in South Indian Tantra and French Freemasonry".

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Samuel, were a means to confront and cope with Islamic invasions and political instability in and after the 14th century CE.

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and J.N. Pal, dated the Baghor formation to between 9000 BC and 8000 BC. The origins of Shakti worship can also be traced to

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Among the earliest evidence of reverence for the female aspect of God in Hinduism is this passage in chapter 10.125 of the

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tradition as a Vedic attribute, however this link has been contested by scholars. Scriptures such as the Devi Mahatmya,

11853: 11002: 10834: 10774: 10618: 10202: 10028: 9812: 9574: 9373: 5637:, the last four days of Navaratri are called Durga Puja, and mark one episode in particular: Durga's iconic slaying of 4225: 3913: 12984: 4450:

The philosophical premise in many Shakta texts, states professor of Religious Studies June McDaniel, is syncretism of

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as another aspect of divine and the knower of ultimate knowledge (Brahman), such as in section 3 and 4 of the ancient

4117:/Parvati. An adherent of Shaktism is called Shakta. According to a 2010 estimate by Johnson and Grim, Shaktism is the 3546: 11710: 11230: 10936: 10736: 10588: 10462: 10424: 10142: 10009: 9909: 9635: 9555: 9478: 531: 13816: 11567: 10161: 7022:, "the confluence of Buddhism and Shaktism is such that Tantric Buddhism could properly be called Shakta Buddhism". 11305: 5838: 13804: 13335: 9350: 9324: 5891:

in its ear before killing it. The meat of the sacrificed animal is then cooked and eaten by the Shakta devotees.

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where the skull of Kali is believed to be worshipped along with her 25 forms. The kali ghat temple is located in

5235:, "one of Shakta Tantrism's most influential and theologically sophisticated movements." Its central symbol, the 2699: 1530: 5778:

Puja in Western India, to celebrate the arrival of Gauri, Mother of Ganesha where she brings her son back home.

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Sub-traditions of Shaktism include "Tantra", which refers to techniques, practices and ritual grammar involving

13922: 13633: 11965: 10259: 10085: 9459: 5605:(lit., "Festival of Nine Nights"), also known as "Sharad Navaratri" because it falls during the Hindu month of 4616:(literally, ruler of the universe). Thereafter, the text presents its theological and philosophical teachings. 650: 10325:. The Adyar Library and Research Center, Library Series. Vol. 89 (3rd. ed.). Chennai: Vasanta Press. 10089: 4390:

Shaktism views the Devi as the source, essence and substance of everything in creation. Its texts such as the

13762: 11487: 10600: 2123: 348: 5734:, popular in Bengal, and some Shakta traditions focus their worship on Devi as Parvati rather than Lakshmi. 5560:

than devotional, and they often involve sitting alone at the ground, surrounded by ash and bone. There are

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The Goddess Lives in Upstate New York: Breaking Convention and Making Home at a North American Hindu Temple

5887:. This ritual includes selecting the animal, then a priest offers a prayer to the animal, then recites the 4928: 4019: 2679: 2619: 599: 1222: 13826: 12251: 11997: 11735: 11607: 11463: 10501: 9337: 6942: 6006: 4843: 4346:

is not the earliest literary fragment attesting to the existence of devotion to a goddess figure, states

4106: 3849: 3740: 2350: 41: 11383: 13853: 13345: 12922: 12378: 12351: 12246: 11631: 9059:, p. 200: "it is often impossible to meaningfully distinguish between Saiva and Sakta traditions". 4825: 3868: 3539: 3443: 2390: 2059: 1744: 1056: 11815: 4401:

dreadful deeds, and the great person of excellent deeds. I am Female, I am Male in the form of Shiva.

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There has been a significant sharing of ideas, ritual grammar and concepts between Tantric Buddhism (

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The Triumph of the Goddess: The Canonical Models and Theological Issues of the Devi-Bhagavata Purana

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uncommon when compared to other rituals such as temple prayers, community dancing and fire walking.

5404: 1286: 13667: 13325: 13249: 12955: 12737: 12712: 11954: 9963:(February 1980). "Rāma and Gilgamesh: the sacrifices of the water buffalo and the bull of heaven". 6981: 6976: 6028: 5680:, on the other hand, is considered particularly auspicious for devotees of the boar-headed Goddess 3977: 3401: 3394: 3373: 3082: 2972: 2944: 2674: 1564: 1351: 12487: 11591: 9919:

Hawley, John Stratton (1998). "The Goddess in India". In Hawley, John; Wulff, Donna Marie (eds.).

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around April/May, one of the largest festivals in South India, celebrating the wedding of goddess

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Lalita Sahasranama: A Comprehensive Study of the One Thousand Names of Lalita Maha-tripurasundari

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texts are closely related to the Kuleśvarī texts and can be considered as part of the Kulamārga.

4751: 4553: 4175: 3616: 2829: 2734: 2659: 1840: 1762: 655: 623: 13398: 11826: 1802: 13846: 13799: 13009: 12732: 12182: 11846: 11664: 11543: 10906: 10559: 10434:

McDermott, Rachel Fell (1998). "The Western Kali". In Hawley, John; Wulff, Donna Marie (eds.).

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Encountering the Goddess: A translation of the Devi-Mahatmya and a Study of Its Interpretation

9411: 7076:, ideas similar to Shaktism tradition are found, such as the Vidyadevis and the Shasanadevis. 5902:. In 2009 it was speculated that more than 250,000 animals were sacrificed during this event. 5847: 5466:(the Bengali name for Parvati) — all of them, again, considered aspects of the Divine Mother. 4200:

shrine for Shakti worship were discovered in the terminal upper paleolithic site of Baghor I (

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texts of Hinduism form an important scriptural framework in Shaktism. Scriptures such as the

3855: 3833: 3723: 3588: 3161: 2769: 2649: 2052: 2038: 1206: 524: 222: 17: 13330: 1201: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13752: 13229: 12722: 12707: 12359: 12306: 12171: 12156: 11911: 11519: 6018: 5796: 5627:– celebrates the goddess Durga's victory over a series of powerful demons described in the 5355:) form of Shaktism is most dominant in northeastern India, and is most widely prevalent in 4217: 4114: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3718: 3380: 2958: 2928: 2759: 2664: 2560: 2290: 2184: 10474:

Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals

4006:. It includes various modes of worship, ranging from those focused on the most worshipped 8: 13891: 13858: 13737: 13628: 13563: 13413: 13272: 13152: 13024: 12852: 12789: 12742: 11873: 9519: 4944: 4903:

A 9th-century Durga Shakti idol, victorious over demon Mahishasura, at the Shiva temple,

4863: 4191: 4035: 3873: 3766: 3602: 3133: 2995: 2739: 2629: 2614: 2520: 2460: 2425: 2325: 1905: 1817: 1436: 1095: 706: 608: 579: 90: 12541: 12401: 7164:ह्रीम् is pronounced as hrīm, it is a tantric mantra bīja, and it identifies a "Shakti". 5955:

In the 19th century through the early 20th century, Indian laborers were shipped by the

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The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography

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Victory to the Mother: The Hindu Goddess of Northwest India in Myth, Ritual, and Symbol

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The map depicts location of Shakti Peethas in South Asia, major (blue) and minor (red).

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In Bengal, the animal sacrifice ritual follows the guidelines as seen in texts such as

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In Shakta theology, the female and male are interdependent realities, represented with

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The eternal and infinite consciousness is I, it is my greatness dwelling in everything.

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Auspicious Wisdom: The Texts and Traditions of Srividya Shakta Tantrism in South India

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The Sri Chakra, also known as the Shri Yantra, is a mystical diagram used in Shaktism.

4298:. The goddesses often mentioned in the Vedic layers of text include the Ushas (dawn), 4062: 13943: 13908: 13902: 13782: 13772: 13638: 13573: 12966: 12907: 12762: 12752: 12241: 12236: 12216: 12166: 12007: 11839: 11273: 11245: 11226: 11218: 11183: 11164: 11097: 11076: 11057: 11036: 11017: 10998: 10979: 10951: 10932: 10887: 10868: 10849: 10830: 10808: 10789: 10770: 10751: 10732: 10711: 10692: 10673: 10647: 10633: 10614: 10584: 10565: 10544: 10525: 10477: 10458: 10439: 10420: 10396: 10356: 10337: 10302: 10283: 10255: 10236: 10217: 10198: 10179: 10138: 10117: 10098: 10062: 10043: 10024: 10005: 9992: 9946: 9924: 9905: 9886: 9867: 9848: 9829: 9808: 9789: 9745: 9724: 9705: 9684: 9663: 9647: 9631: 9610: 9589: 9570: 9551: 9532: 9499: 9474: 9455: 9436: 9417: 9396: 9377: 9354: 7108: 7091: 5899: 4852: 4807: 4787: 4543: 4511: 4498: 4490: 4470: 4374: 4197: 4151: 3968: 3899: 3805: 3774: 3730: 3387: 3338: 3273: 3032: 3018: 2764: 2689: 2510: 2470: 2465: 2455: 2295: 1991: 1925: 1520: 1257: 548: 355: 215: 200: 64: 13373: 12423: 11788: 11447: 2370: 1777: 1064: 13643: 13553: 13444: 13044: 13039: 13004: 12979: 12865: 12822: 12509: 12369: 12035: 11767: 11206: 11111: 9972: 9768: 7026: 6689: 6435: 6258: 6068: 6041: 5872: 5771: 5498: 5291: 5227:, holding her traditional symbols, the sugarcane bow, flower arrows, noose and goad 4678: 4537: 4459: 4347: 4221: 3932: 3681: 3643: 3623: 3574: 3523: 3422: 3217: 3203: 3154: 3097: 2644: 2300: 2219: 1970: 1890: 1515: 941: 795: 692: 517: 312: 257: 12827: 5821:-like stone, and the site is one of Shakta Pitha or pilgrimage sites in Shaktism. 4278:

The Vedic literature reveres various goddesses, but far less frequently than Gods

3059: 13912: 13777: 13730: 13712: 13662: 13596: 13578: 13521: 13471: 13290: 13194: 13067: 13029: 12999: 12837: 12727: 12566: 12559: 12406: 12161: 12040: 10168: 10132: 10002:

Tantra, Yoga of Ecstasy: the Sadhaka's Guide to Kundalinin and the Left-Hand Path

9960: 9938: 9433:

The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation, and Commentary

7019: 6226: 5945: 5814: 5727: 5697: 5642: 4682: 4474: 4455: 4441: 4437: 4212:, India. The excavations, carried out under the guidance of noted archaeologists 4051: 3992: 3887: 3810: 3758: 3567: 3471: 3415: 3352: 3168: 3069: 2965: 2714: 2694: 2565: 2440: 2420: 2340: 2031: 2017: 1915: 1895: 1858: 1450: 1445: 1172: 1051: 1015: 960: 955: 782: 507: 461: 237: 148: 12492: 11771: 10786:

The Yoga of Spiritual Devotion: A Modern Translation of the Narada Bhakti Sutras

10280:

Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition

5129:

The Vidyāpīṭha is subdivided into Vāmatantras, Yāmalatantras, and Śaktitantras.

4118: 1579: 1331: 1032: 13747: 13683: 13526: 12870: 12747: 12717: 12552: 12231: 12221: 11407: 7292: 7173:

A senior member of Guru Mandali, Madurai, November 1984, cited in Brooks 1992.

6992: 6952: 6485: 6479: 5956: 5888: 5809: 5787: 5050: 5039: 4769: 4731: 4574: 4482: 4308: 4246: 4209: 4205: 4156: 3800: 3609: 3457: 3108: 3002: 2951: 2754: 2580: 2500: 2450: 2435: 2400: 2355: 2252: 2024: 1885: 1767: 1716: 1701: 1681: 1645: 1574: 1356: 1311: 1262: 1020: 645: 380: 272: 210: 205: 12416: 11297: 9699: 7255: 7062:– mother goddesses – are found in both Shakta-Hinduism and Vajrayana-Buddhism. 5617:. This festival – often taken together with the following tenth day, known as 1402: 1182: 1113: 628: 13937: 13863: 13767: 13546: 13320: 13058: 12949: 12860: 12794: 12211: 12201: 12151: 12143: 12103: 12098: 12045: 11542:. Overview Of World Religions. Philtar: University of Cumbria. Archived from 11395: 11210: 10561:

Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices

10233:

Call to Compassion: Reflections on Animal Advocacy from the World's Religions

6968: 5878:

school of Shaktism. This practice is rare among Hindus, outside this region.

5868: 5629: 5623: 5307: 5142: 5090: 4955: 4604: 4525: 4494: 4338: 4326: 4166: 4146: 4134: 3464: 3429: 3366: 3312: 3305: 3266: 3259: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3175: 3147: 3091: 2709: 2654: 2634: 2624: 2604: 2575: 2485: 2275: 2270: 2260: 2209: 2131: 2045: 1878: 1827: 1726: 1661: 1500: 1267: 721: 471: 370: 262: 242: 227: 193: 101: 11810: 10453:

McDermott, Rachel Fell (2005). "Bengali religions". In Lindsay Jones (ed.).

9805:

A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English

7915: 4899: 2445: 2204: 1412: 1407: 13418: 13383: 13280: 12897: 12133: 12055: 7121: 7086: 7030: 6277: 5713: 5669: 5320: 5002: 4967: 4740: 4634: 4562: 4287: 4213: 4201: 4171: 3436: 3345: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3224: 2882: 2704: 2540: 2535: 2495: 2405: 2395: 2365: 2335: 2265: 2169: 2091: 1822: 1787: 1711: 1686: 1615: 1465: 1316: 1108: 1103: 1002: 989: 984: 413: 360: 10413: 10319: 10059:

The Living Goddess: Reclaiming the Tradition of the Mother of the Universe

7864: 5138: 4066: 3982: 1640: 13725: 13558: 13486: 13476: 13388: 13378: 13353: 12994: 12989: 12880: 12674: 12658: 12601: 12536: 12472: 12193: 12093: 12075: 12065: 11071:

Saxena, N. B. (2012). Fulkerson, Mary McClintock; Briggs, Sheila (eds.).

10925:

The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature

10822: 9772: 6662: 6439: 6403: 6353: 6055: 5986: 5970: 5910: 5757: 5737: 5676:, with Vaishno Devi considered an aspect of Durga, celebrates Navaratri. 5638: 5568: 5356: 5167: 5014: 4983: 4975: 4959: 4086: 4070: 4055: 3996: 3507: 3231: 3124: 3054: 2867: 2821: 2782: 2684: 2525: 2515: 2380: 2244: 2234: 2103: 2098: 2001: 1900: 1792: 1782: 1752: 1721: 1630: 1397: 1211: 1134: 1126: 928: 697: 375: 176: 10689:

Seeking Mahadevi: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess

10630:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

9347:

The Secret of the Three Cities: An Introduction to Hindu Shakta Tantrism

8627: 6466:

and others) and Saraswati important in Shaiva and Vaishnava traditions.

13623: 13591: 13536: 13393: 13102: 12939: 12912: 12694: 12467: 12113: 11987: 11938: 11779: 11755: 10846:

Mahamudra and Related Instructions: Core Teachings of the Kagyu Schools

9984: 9864:

Advaita Vedanta and Vaisnavism: The Philosophy of Madhusudana Sarasvati

8129: 6455: 6450:

as well as lowest castes and tribes, while the lower middle castes are

6010: 5906: 5610: 5436: 5237: 5232: 5224: 5209: 5196: 4951: 4892: 4561:(commentary) in the second half of 2nd-millennium, such as the work of 4290:. Yet, they are declared equivalent aspects of the neutral Brahman, of 4179: 4110: 3553: 3514: 3478: 3359: 3298: 2905: 2897: 2808: 2585: 2360: 2310: 2164: 2154: 1920: 1868: 1797: 1706: 1635: 1625: 1620: 1392: 1167: 1144: 1139: 868: 668: 446: 320: 267: 36:

Shaktism is a goddess-centric tradition of Hinduism. Relief statues of

10670:

Guests at God's Wedding: Celebrating Kartik among the Women of Benares

7671: 7669: 5982: 5408:

Kali as the supreme deity worshiped by Indra, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva

4700: 4082: 13742: 13531: 13481: 13454: 13403: 13368: 13358: 13310: 13209: 13177: 13122: 13019: 12974: 12648: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12108: 12085: 12060: 12022: 11926: 11896: 9413:

The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion

9103: 9101: 8102: 7191: 7015: 6964: 6451: 6419: 6222: 5949: 5929: 5925: 5914: 5731: 5594: 5297: 5285: 5213: 5006: 4971: 4940: 4904: 4591: 4407: 4303: 4291: 4043: 4031: 3663: 3595: 3532: 3450: 3282: 2853: 2813: 2744: 2590: 2555: 2505: 2475: 2410: 2330: 2229: 2199: 2179: 1863: 1807: 1772: 1757: 1676: 1671: 1653: 979: 893: 824: 763: 456: 441: 408: 298: 163: 138: 11332:"Complete-Works/Volume 9/Lectures and Discourses/THE WOMEN OF INDIA" 11223:

Raja Nal and the Goddess: The North Indian Epic Dhola in Performance

10805:

A Conceptual-analytic Study of Classical Indian Philosophy of Morals

10661:

The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States

9395:. SUNY Series in Hindu Studies. State University of New York Press. 4324:

climaxing in one of the most important texts of Shaktism called the

1460: 13787: 13606: 13601: 13491: 13428: 13408: 13239: 13075: 12902: 12875: 12842: 12784: 12684: 12679: 12653: 12578: 12462: 12334: 12282: 12050: 12012: 11982: 11974: 11933: 11891: 11657:"Regaling Varahi with different 'alankarams' in 'Ashada Navaratri'" 9976: 8206: 8204: 7666: 7594: 7263: 6999: 6987: 6956: 6932: 6626: 6156: 6060: 5990: 5804: 5601: 5561: 5542:("Fierce Tara") is ascendant, as the goddess who gives liberation ( 5494: 5490: 5486: 5380: 5121:(17th century), as well as works of Bhaskaracharya (18th century). 5010: 4991: 4963: 4936: 4912: 4481:, believed that all Hindu goddesses are manifestations of the same 4383: 4241: 4164:

in particular, is considered in Shaktism to be as important as the

4090: 4039: 4027: 3735: 3291: 3117: 3074: 3041: 2892: 2887: 2860: 2570: 2550: 2480: 2430: 2305: 2194: 2110: 2081: 2076: 1945: 1935: 1832: 1812: 1736: 1731: 1696: 1366: 1346: 1306: 1272: 1252: 1232: 1118: 994: 729: 682: 556: 303: 153: 109: 53: 37: 12616: 11495: 10728:

Contemporary Society: Developmental issues, transition, and change

9098: 7927: 7642: 6370: 5571:, one of the most influential figures in modern Bengali Shaktism: 5469: 4427: 2798: 80: 13688: 13541: 13459: 13449: 13224: 13214: 13187: 13182: 13172: 13127: 13112: 13107: 12887: 12832: 12817: 12809: 12776: 12643: 12546: 12521: 12497: 12396: 12386: 12070: 11992: 11906: 11901: 11270:

Sakti and Sakta: Essays and Addresses on the Shâkta Tantrashâstra

11180:

Tantra: Sex, Secrecy, Politics and Power in the Study of Religion

9943:

Is the Goddess a Feminist?: the Politics of South Asian Goddesses

9680:

Graceful Women: Gender and Identity in an American Sikh Community

8870: 7127: 7073: 7058: 7003: 6914: 6443: 6423: 6338: 6282: 6254: 6022: 6014: 5978: 5871:. Animal sacrifice is also an essential component as part of the 5800: 5775: 5765: 5742: 5665: 5657: 5456: 5441: 5335: 4979: 4916: 4796: 4674: 4516: 4451: 4440:

icon. Left: A 5th century art work representing this idea at the

4295: 4255: 4078: 4047: 4011: 3668: 3658: 3408: 3329: 3321: 3138: 3064: 3049: 2846: 2545: 2490: 2224: 2174: 2144: 2139: 2011: 1986: 1873: 1505: 1384: 1361: 1336: 1247: 1237: 1046: 1010: 898: 883: 878: 814: 809: 773: 768: 755: 335: 158: 128: 49: 12482: 12338: 9548:

Hindu-Christian Dialogue: Theological Soundings and Perspectives

9258: 8966: 8783: 8579: 8201: 8165: 5223:

Sri Lalita-Tripurasundari enthroned with her left foot upon the

3704: 1550: 1545: 1371: 13720: 13698: 13511: 13464: 13423: 13305: 13295: 13234: 13142: 13085: 13080: 12934: 12621: 12457: 12443: 12428: 12328: 12287: 12002: 11916: 8591: 8490: 7876: 7840: 7558: 7282: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7095: 7094:, includes numerous sections on Shakta goddesses, particularly 6960: 6427: 6415: 6200: 6179: 6135: 5998: 5941: 5921: 5875: 5817:, Guwahati, Assam. Here the Devi is worshiped in the form of a 5718: 5708: 5681: 5634: 5446: 5418: 5397: 5384: 5376: 5368: 5260: 5205: 5059: 5033: 5027: 4997: 4887: 4566: 4558: 4486: 4129: 4098: 4003: 3673: 3487: 2803: 2530: 2415: 2315: 2285: 2280: 2214: 2189: 1978: 1848: 1691: 1666: 1605: 1490: 1485: 1475: 1417: 1341: 1301: 1296: 1227: 1152: 1087: 1072: 974: 918: 903: 849: 829: 742: 737: 574: 451: 423: 418: 123: 45: 11821: 11615: 9156: 8639: 8189: 7463: 6446:

and Central India. In West Bengal Shaktas belong to the upper

5462: 5323:, widely considered "the best exponent of Shakta philosophy." 4299: 4196:

The earliest archaeological evidence of what appears to be an

13616: 13611: 13315: 13285: 13219: 13199: 13137: 13117: 13090: 12929: 12631: 12531: 12477: 12433: 12411: 11943: 11921: 11471: 11242:

Kiss of the Yogini: "Tantric Sex" in its South Asian Contexts

11031:

Skoog, Kim (1996). Andrew O. Fort; Patricia Y. Mumme (eds.).

9704:(Revised and Expanded ed.). Princeton University Press. 9222: 9086: 9074: 8894: 8567: 8478: 8454: 6459: 6447: 6431: 6411: 6407: 6378: 6366: 6230: 6002: 5974: 5750: 5673: 5552: 5509:. Where the goddess(kali) is seen as the destroyer of evil.: 5482: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5146: 5045: 4932: 4920: 4279: 4125: 4102: 4074: 4023: 4007: 3690: 3560: 3325: 2837: 2375: 2239: 2149: 1996: 1950: 1930: 1610: 1595: 1535: 1525: 1510: 1495: 1470: 1321: 1291: 1177: 1077: 908: 873: 844: 839: 834: 819: 747: 330: 183: 133: 11639: 10581:

Mysticism of the Devi Mahatmya: Worship of the Divine Mother

10370:

Kenoyer, J.M.; Clark, J.D.; Pal, J.N.; Sharma, G.R. (1983).

9606:

The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths

8942: 8930: 8812: 8810: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8360: 8358: 8343: 8276: 8216: 8066: 8023: 7999: 7753: 7570: 7273: 5256:

Srikula adepts most often worship Lalita using the abstract

5219: 5181: 4418: 13657: 13586: 13568: 13516: 13300: 13244: 13204: 13164: 13147: 13132: 13097: 12526: 12438: 12030: 11948: 11883: 11831: 9471:

Devī Māhātmya, The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition

9282: 9002: 8882: 8704: 8331: 8153: 7905: 7903: 7852: 7770: 7768: 7729: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 6887: 6488:", literally "Seats of the Devi". These vary from 4 to 51. 6463: 6374: 5864: 5818: 5614: 5609:(October/November). This is the festival that worships the 5054: 4950:

The rarer forms of Devi found among tantric Shakta are the

4924: 4283: 4266: 4015: 3956: 2159: 1940: 1910: 1853: 1600: 1587: 1480: 1082: 923: 913: 888: 854: 804: 786: 466: 403: 398: 143: 118: 10299:

Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahavidyas

10252:

In Praise of the Goddess: The Devimahatmya and Its Meaning

10091:

The Mukhya Upanishads: Books of Hidden Wisdom, (1920–1931)

9062: 8954: 8615: 8177: 8042: 7975: 7963: 7804: 7606: 7439: 7379: 7304: 4178:. The goddess-focused tradition and festivals such as the 12330: 10604:(9th ed.). New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center. 10333:

Transformations and Transfer of Tantra in Asia and Beyond

9270: 8846: 8807: 8795: 8735: 8687: 8603: 8531: 8394: 8355: 7888: 7582: 7499: 5963: 5952:

epic and in texts of Egyptian, Minoan and Greek sources.

4489:

poems and songs were composed by two Bengal court poets,

3950: 3941: 11160:

The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A - L

9904:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 9701:

The camphor flame: popular Hinduism and society in India

9234: 9173: 9171: 8834: 8771: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8382: 8141: 8119: 8117: 7987: 7900: 7816: 7765: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7698: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7523: 7220: 7218: 6034:

Dr. Scudder's Tales for Little Readers About the Heathen

5909:, Shaktism devotees sacrifice male goats to the goddess 5289:

can be further broadly subdivided into two streams, the

5053:, typically practiced under the guidance of a qualified 12391: 10967:

Sri Lalita Sahasranama with Introduction and Commentary

9246: 9120: 8747: 8675: 8663: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8240: 8090: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7630: 7321: 7319: 4589:

presents the theology of Shaktism. This book is called

1027: 564: 10948:

Merging with Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Metaphysics

10355:(third ed.). State University of New York Press. 9195: 8978: 8906: 8519: 8406: 8228: 8011: 7741: 5391:

lineages focus upon the Devi as the source of wisdom (

10500:. Veerashaiva Samaja of North America. Archived from 10369: 10021:

The goddesses' henchmen gender in Indian hero worship

9567:

Philosophy of Religion : Indian Philosophy Vol 4

9168: 9132: 8918: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8651: 8555: 8502: 8466: 8442: 8418: 8370: 8114: 7710: 7681: 7654: 7618: 7343: 7235: 7233: 7215: 7197: 5200:) focuses worship on Devi in the form of the goddess 5013:

festival. Also worshipped regularly are the numerous

3953: 3944: 3938: 10964: 9183: 9144: 9014: 8858: 8822: 8305: 8288: 8264: 8252: 8078: 7828: 7787: 7475: 7451: 7355: 7316: 5993:. The goddess is considered the consort and energy ( 4336:

is considered in Shaktism to be as important as the

4093:. The goddess is considered the consort and energy ( 3999:

reality is considered metaphorically to be a woman.

3947: 12592: 11424:"Full text of "108 Upanishads English Translation"" 9662:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. 9038: 9026: 8759: 8054: 7951: 7939: 7331: 3959: 3935: 11756:"The Portrait of the Goddess in the Devī-māhātmya" 11139:"Goddess Durga: Origin, iconography and mythology" 9825:Tantric Traditions in Transmission and Translation 9781: 9646: 9498: 8716: 8430: 7264:"for Sanskrit original see: ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.१२५" 7230: 6331:Dvaita, qualified advaita, advaita, Visishtadvaita 5141:preserves some of the distinctive features of the 4368:— that is, the real personal God in India is She. 10913: 10038:Harper, Katherine Anne; Brown, Robert L. (2012). 9112:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFell_McDermett1998 ( 8543: 8034:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSanderson2012–2013 ( 7546: 7487: 5178:), which prevails in northern and eastern India. 4612:as the benign and beautiful world-mother, called 4509:The important scriptures of Shaktism include the 4315:Hymns to goddesses are in the ancient Hindu epic 13935: 10945: 9937: 9759:Frazier, J. (2013). "Bhakti in Hindu Cultures". 9492:. Vol. 27–28. Indian Musicological Society. 8990: 8597: 8210: 7511: 7427: 7415: 7403: 7391: 7203: 6032:"The Hindoo Goddess Kali", an illustration from 4573:, Kalika Purana, and Shakta Upanishads like the 11356:"Complete-Works/Volume 5/Epistles-First Series" 11146:International Journal of Applied Social Science 10315: 10230: 10212:Katznelson, Ira; Jones, Gareth Stedman (2010). 10211: 8876: 8496: 7564: 7367: 5412:The main deities of the Kalikula tradition are 4645:as the Goddess transcending all space and time, 4038:of ten goddesses. The most common forms of the 10708:The Rise of the Goddess in the Hindu Tradition 10116:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 9822:Gray, David B.; Overbey, Ryan Richard (2016). 9779: 9435:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 9334:Forms of the Goddess Lajja Gauri in Indian Art 9212: 9210: 9107: 8029: 7882: 7846: 7130: – Trinity of chief goddesses in Hinduism 6426:with substantial communities also existing in 4693: 4466:(literally, the path of nondualistic Shakti). 12314: 11847: 11406:. Astrojyoti.com. 30 May 2022. Archived from 10903:Kena Upanisad: A Study From Sakta Perspective 10725:Pfeffer, Georg; Behera, Deepak Kumar (1997). 10724: 10557: 10393:Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices 9565:Deutsche, Eliott (2000). Perrett, Roy (ed.). 9318: 9309: 9162: 9092: 8573: 8282: 8072: 7933: 7576: 7385: 7286: 6048:Comparison of Shaktism with other traditions 4477:, one of the most influential figures of the 4042:worshipped in Shaktism include: Durga, Kali, 3907: 525: 325: 11182:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10597: 10350: 10231:Kemmerer, Lisa; Nocella, Anthony J. (2011). 9999: 9314:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: South Asia Books. 8960: 8337: 7921: 5645:Pujas, if a community enough big and rich). 5430:. Other goddesses that enjoy veneration are 5280:worship you see when it is done privately." 4565:, and Ramanand. These texts link the Shakti 11789:"The Indian Religion of the Goddess Shakti" 11760:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 11682:"Hindu sacrifice of 250,000 animals begins" 11089: 10950:(2nd ed.). Hawaii: Himalayan Academy. 10558:Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010). 10130: 10037: 9959: 9821: 9490:Journal of the Indian Musicological Society 9288: 9228: 9207: 9008: 8633: 8323:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMcDanieln.d. ( 8108: 5342: 5005:; and the nine forms of goddess Durga, the 4927:. In the Eastern part of India, after the 4699:List of the Shakta Upanishads according to 12321: 12307: 11854: 11840: 11654: 11606: 11258: 11156: 11090:Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (2014). 10946:Subramuniyaswami, Satguru Sivaya (2002) . 10881: 9409: 9216: 9126: 8645: 8412: 7822: 5749:, a Shakta temple at Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 5664:, as it is held during the Hindu month of 5113:(16th century), Krishananda Agamavagisa's 5001:. The eight forms of the goddess Lakshmi, 4641:within the flaming light of consciousness. 3914: 3900: 532: 518: 11733: 11703:"Ritual animal slaughter begins in Nepal" 11510: 11462: 11267: 11157:Taylor, Patrick; Case, Frederick (2013). 11110: 11011: 10745: 10705: 10686: 10667: 10646: 10490: 10471: 10452: 10433: 10192: 10174:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006). 10173: 9880: 9545: 9526: 9513: 9080: 8900: 8840: 8777: 8741: 8710: 8698: 8537: 8484: 8460: 8448: 8388: 8376: 8349: 8195: 8183: 8171: 8159: 8147: 8005: 7894: 7870: 7810: 7759: 7704: 7588: 7540: 7445: 7301:, pp. 207–208, 211–213 verses 14–28. 5684:, one of the seven Matrikas named in the 5182:Srikula: family of Lalita Tripura Sundari 5009:, which are mainly worshipped during the 4065:sub-traditions, including Vidyapitha and 11700: 11630: 11244:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 11073:The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theology 11053:Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction 10862: 10764: 10658: 10654:. Mumbai: Vakils, Feffer and Simons Ltd. 10652:Devi the Mother-Goddess: An Introduction 10608: 10538: 10519: 10271:A Short Introduction to Sakta Philosophy 10084: 9564: 9487: 9264: 9138: 8948: 8936: 8801: 8789: 8669: 8561: 8318: 7969: 7779:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrown1990 ( 7660: 7505: 7310: 7224: 6469: 6027: 5973:idea of passionate relationship between 5736: 5501:. In Calcutta, emphasis is on devotion ( 5468: 5403: 5247: 5218: 4898: 4647:One quickly merges with me by realizing, 4073:idea of passionate relationship between 31: 11786: 11753: 11534: 11438: 10973: 10843: 10783: 10455:Encyclopedia of Religion: 15 Volume Set 10296: 10277: 10162:Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations 10131:Johnson, Todd M; Grim, Brian J (2013). 10056: 10000:Hurley, Leigh; Hurley, Phillip (2012). 9883:Encyclopedia of Love in World Religions 9780:Foulston, Lynn; Abbott, Stuart (2009). 9767:(2). Oxford University Press: 101–113. 9758: 9676: 9583: 9496: 9276: 9252: 9150: 9020: 8888: 8864: 8852: 8828: 8681: 8424: 8364: 8060: 8048: 8017: 7981: 7945: 7298: 5656:, and celebrated in the Hindu month of 5117:and Raghunatna Tarkavagisa Bhattacarya 4989:Other major goddess groups include the 4444:; Right: a painting of Ardhanarishvara. 4182:are very popular in the eastern India. 2791:Sources and classification of scripture 14: 13936: 11582: 11486: 11295: 11291:. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld (P) Ltd. 11217: 11070: 11049: 10992: 10918:(4th ed.). Chennai: Samata Books. 10886:. State University of New York Press. 10821: 10802: 10710:. State University of New York Press. 10691:. State University of New York Press. 10672:. State University of New York Press. 10598:Nikhilananda, Swami (trans.) (2000) . 10494:Lingayat Dharma (Veerashaiva Religion) 10390: 10268: 10214:Religion and the Political Imagination 10193:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James (2014). 10042:. State University of New York Press. 10018: 9918: 9899: 9807:. State University of New York Press. 9802: 9784:Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices 9697: 9514:Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra (1999) . 9468: 9454:. State University of New York Press. 9449: 9367: 9344: 9201: 9068: 9044: 9032: 8984: 8912: 8621: 8609: 8585: 8525: 8513: 8436: 8400: 8299: 8258: 8246: 8234: 8222: 8135: 8123: 8096: 8084: 7834: 7723: 7675: 7648: 7636: 7624: 7612: 7469: 7361: 7349: 7337: 7325: 6951:Some Shakta temples are also found in 6005:; they have their individual shaktis, 5964:Shaktism versus other Hindu traditions 5599:The most important Shakta festival is 5444:as well as regional goddesses such as 4659:, Transl: Lynn Foulston, Stuart Abbott 4627:My sacred syllable ह्रीम्] transcends, 4185: 4105:; they have their individual shaktis, 12302: 11835: 11701:Shrestha, Manesh (24 November 2009). 11311:from the original on 20 December 2023 11286: 11239: 11196: 11177: 11136: 11030: 10922: 10900: 10578: 10409: 10373:An upper paleolithic shrine in India? 10111: 10080:. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd. 10075: 9861: 9842: 9737: 9718: 9644: 9623: 9602: 9430: 9390: 9331: 9303: 9177: 9056: 8972: 8924: 8816: 8753: 8729: 8657: 8472: 8270: 7909: 7858: 7798: 7774: 7747: 7735: 7692: 7600: 7552: 7493: 7481: 7457: 7239: 7209: 7124: – Female Tibetan Buddhist deity 5534:At Tarapith, Devi's manifestation as 5020: 4649:the oneness of the soul and Brahman. 1413:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 1408:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 11679: 11422: 11402: 11392:"Devi Upanishad – Vyasa Mahabharata" 11390: 11378: 11354: 11289:Ardhanārīśvara in Art and Literature 11263:. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint. 11137:Singh, Akhileshwar (10 April 2018). 11125:(24 & 25). Kyoto. Archived from 11014:Śaivism in Philosophical Perspective 10663:. New York: Oxford University Press. 10329: 10249: 10151:from the original on 9 December 2019 10023:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. 9653:. New York: Oxford University Press. 9240: 9189: 8549: 7957: 7517: 7433: 7421: 7409: 7397: 7258:. Translated by Ralph T.H. Griffith. 6036:, by Dr. John Scudder (London, 1849) 5928:worship their weapons and horses on 5770:is performed on the fifth day after 5702: 5379:. The goddesses Kubjika, Kulesvari, 5049:and certain elements of traditional 4939:goddesses were combined to form the 4881: 4639:One should meditate on that reality, 4113:for Shiva, and consorts Lakshmi and 4030:goddesses were combined to form the 13918: 11558: 11330: 11093:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies 10627: 10097:(reprint ed.). Kshetra Books. 9721:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 9657: 9586:Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Part 1 8996: 8765: 7993: 7373: 7155:, VII.33.13-15, cited in Brown 1991 6681: 6654: 5824: 5231:The Srikula's best-known school is 5078:of Lakshmanadesika (11th century), 4121:constituting about 3.2% of Hindus. 24: 11727: 11684:. London: Guardian. Archived from 11566:. 18 December 2012. Archived from 11444:www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary 11033:Living Liberation in Hindu Thought 10965:Suryanarayana Murthy, C. (2000) . 9881:Greenberg, Yudit Kornberg (2008). 9845:Visnuism and Sivaism: A Comparison 9677:Elsberg, Constance Waeber (2003). 9374:State University of New York Press 7256:"The Rig Veda/Mandala 10/Hymn 125" 7084:The secondary scripture of Sikhs, 6334:Dvaita, qualified advaita, advaita 5781:Major Shakta temple festivals are 5691: 4629:the distinction of name and named, 4501:was composed by Abhirami Bhattar. 4061:Shaktism also encompasses various 4054:. Also worshipped are the various 25: 13960: 11804: 11680:Lang, Olivia (24 November 2009). 11584:"History of Sakti Cult in Odisha" 11382:. 10 October 2016. Archived from 11380:"Devi Upanishad – Rishi Atharvan" 10978:. University of Wisconsin Press. 10969:. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 9698:Fuller, Christopher John (2004). 9683:. University of Tennessee Press. 9431:Brown, Cheever Mackenzie (1998). 8138:, pp. 60–61, 87–88, 351–356. 7873:, pp. 9, 34, 89–90, 131–138. 5985:. Similarly, Shaktism influenced 5898:occurs during the three-day-long 5514:especially at festivals, such as 4174:and is worshipped during various 4085:. Similarly, Shaktism influenced 13917: 13907: 13898: 13897: 13886: 12591: 12337: 12329: 11964: 11296:Zeidan, Adam (20 January 2024). 11163:. University of Illinois Press. 10522:Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls 10316:Krishna Warrier, A. J. (1999) . 9660:Religious Diversity in Singapore 9368:Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1992). 9345:Brooks, Douglas Renfrew (1990). 9050: 7924:, pp. 30, 114–116, 233–245. 7046: 6924: 6923: 6905: 6897: 6896: 6878: 6870: 6869: 6861: 6860: 6852: 6851: 6843: 6842: 6834: 6833: 6825: 6824: 6816: 6815: 6807: 6806: 6798: 6797: 6789: 6788: 6780: 6779: 6771: 6770: 6762: 6761: 6753: 6752: 6744: 6743: 6735: 6734: 6726: 6725: 6717: 6716: 6708: 6707: 6699: 6698: 6680: 6672: 6671: 6653: 6645: 6644: 6636: 6635: 6618: 6617: 6609: 6608: 6600: 6599: 6591: 6590: 6582: 6581: 6573: 6572: 6564: 6563: 6555: 6554: 6546: 6545: 6537: 6536: 6528: 6527: 6519: 6518: 6510: 6509: 6501: 6500: 6493: 5846: 5837: 4954:, particularly Tripura Sundari, 4426: 4417: 3931: 3881: 563: 501: 79: 27:Goddess-centric sect of Hinduism 13887: 11743:Studies in Comparative Religion 11590:. 11 March 2018. Archived from 10976:Plants of Life, Plants of Death 10914:Shankarnarayanan, S. (2002b) . 10748:Introduction to World Religions 10746:Partridge, Christopher (2013). 10472:McDermott, Rachel Fell (2011). 10351:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2010). 9627:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide 9351:The University of Chicago Press 9332:Bolon, Carol Radcliffe (1992). 9325:Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers 7167: 7158: 7146: 6967:and elsewhere. Examples in the 6906: 6215:Recommends, recommends Optional 5454:, the protectress of children, 5267:. It is not uncommon to find a 13812:Relations with other religions 11655:Srinivasan, G. (4 July 2007). 11123:Journal of Indological Studies 10974:Simoons, Frederick J. (1998). 10731:. Concept Publishing Company. 10491:Munavalli, Somashekar (2007). 10216:. Cambridge University Press. 9744:. Cambridge University Press. 9546:Dhavamony, Mariasusai (2002). 9527:Dhavamony, Mariasusai (1999). 9319:Bhattacharyya, N. N. (1996) . 9310:Bhattacharyya, N. N. (1977) . 9297: 7603:, pp. 8, 17, 10, 21, 320. 7245: 7029:about 100 kilometers from the 4635:being, consciousness and bliss 4170:. The Devi is revered in many 651:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 13: 1: 11306:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 11268:Woodroffe, Sir John (1951) . 10769:. Columbia University Press. 10659:Pechilis, Karen, ed. (2004). 10601:The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna 10564:(second ed.). ABC-CLIO. 10476:. Columbia University Press. 10254:. Berwick, ME: Nicolas-Hays. 9945:. New York University Press. 9941:; Erndl, Kathleen M. (2000). 9321:History of the Sakta Religion 7678:, pp. xiii–xiv, xvi, 21. 7180: 6396: 6087:Vedas, Upanishads and Tantras 5526:, prayer before her image or 5124: 5083: 4875:At least 10,000 Years Before 4857:At least 10,000 Years Before 4819:At least 10,000 Years Before 4801:At least 10,000 Years Before 4781:At least 10,000 Years Before 4763:At least 10,000 Years Before 4745:At least 10,000 Years Before 4515:, as well as Shakta-oriented 4504: 3712:Other society-related topics: 1403:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 11861: 11827:Women in Hindu Shakta Tantra 11261:History of Indian Literature 11240:White, David Gordon (2003). 11225:. Indiana University Press. 10923:Smith, Frederick M. (2006). 10882:Rigopoulos, Antonio (1998). 10844:Roberts, Peter Alan (2011). 10829:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 10767:Classical Indian Metaphysics 10765:Phillips, Stephen H (1995). 10583:. Yoga Research Foundation. 9761:The Journal of Hindu Studies 9497:Dempsey, Corinne G. (2006). 9391:Brown, C. MacKenzie (1991). 8636:, pp. 187–195, 211–214. 8598:Hiltebeitel & Erndl 2000 7185: 6879: 5588: 5580: 5460:, the smallpox goddess, and 5132: 5017:across the Indian villages. 4929:decline of Buddhism in India 4681:. The text is suffused with 4580: 4058:across the Indian villages. 4020:decline of Buddhism in India 3823:Hinduism and other religions 2620:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 7: 12252:Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad 11793:Journal of the Siam Society 11360:ramakrishnavivekananda.info 11336:ramakrishnavivekananda.info 11324: 11096:. Oxford University Press. 11075:. Oxford University Press. 11056:. Oxford University Press. 10867:. Oxford University Press. 10613:. Oxford University Press. 10579:Nanda, Jyotir Maya (1994). 10539:Monaghan, Patricia (2011). 10524:. Oxford University Press. 10419:. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak. 10414: 10395:(2nd ed.). Routledge. 10320: 9828:. Oxford University Press. 9741:An Introduction to Hinduism 9645:Erndl, Kathleen M. (1992). 9338:Penn State University Press 9323:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: 8877:Kemmerer & Nocella 2011 8497:Katznelson & Jones 2010 7651:, p. 221 with note 64. 7115: 7009: 6319:5. Negative/cognitive proof 5894:In Nepal, animal sacrifice 4874: 4861: 4856: 4844:Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad 4841: 4836: 4823: 4818: 4805: 4800: 4785: 4780: 4767: 4762: 4749: 4744: 4729: 4722: 4717: 4707: 4694:List of 8 Shakta Upanishads 4497:, and the Tamil collection 4353: 4271:Rigveda 10.125.3 – 10.125.8 3983: 3568:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3540:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1268:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 1212:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 1207:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 10: 13965: 12247:Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad 10609:Olivelle, Patrick (1992). 10541:Goddesses in World Culture 10391:Lipner, Julius J. (2009). 10273:. New Delhi: Indigo Books. 9469:Coburn, Thomas B. (2002). 9450:Coburn, Thomas B. (1991). 8975:, pp. 63–84, 236–239. 8111:, pp. 48, 117, 40–53. 7883:Foulston & Abbott 2009 7847:Foulston & Abbott 2009 7079: 7067: 6473: 6386:Jivanmukta, Advaita, Yoga, 6361:champions householder life 6317:4. Postulation, derivation 5706: 5695: 5592: 5530:, and giving offerings." 5152: 4871: 4851: 4833: 4826:Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad 4815: 4795: 4777: 4759: 4739: 4712: 4577:are particularly revered. 4485:. The 18th-century Shakta 4189: 3444:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 2124:Gurus, sants, philosophers 2060:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 1248:Uparati (self-settledness) 13884: 13711: 13676: 13502: 13437: 13344: 13271: 13264: 13163: 13066: 13057: 12965: 12851: 12808: 12775: 12693: 12667: 12639: 12630: 12609: 12600: 12589: 12508: 12377: 12368: 12347: 12278: 12262: 12192: 12142: 12084: 12021: 11973: 11962: 11882: 11869: 11772:10.1093/jaarel/XLVI.4.489 10993:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010). 10929:Columbia University Press 10865:Debating the Dasam Granth 10803:Prasad, Rajendra (2008). 10706:Pintchman, Tracy (2015). 10687:Pintchman, Tracy (2014). 10668:Pintchman, Tracy (2005). 10137:. John Wiley & Sons. 10004:. Maithuna Publications. 9902:Religion and Rajput Women 9788:. Sussex Academic Press. 9723:. John Wiley & Sons. 9312:The Indian Mother Goddess 9163:Melton & Baumann 2010 8588:, pp. 45, 55, 58–59. 8574:Pfeffer & Behera 1997 7934:Melton & Baumann 2010 7287:Melton & Baumann 2010 6315:3. Comparison and analogy 4234:Indus Valley civilization 3972: 2610:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 1263:Samadhana (concentration) 1127:Three paths to liberation 634:Tribal religions in India 619:Historical Vedic religion 614:Indus Valley Civilisation 366:Krishnananda Agamavagisha 12956:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 11734:Chatterji, Usha (1968). 11272:. Ganesh & Company. 11259:Winternitz, M. (1973) . 11211:10.1163/1568527972629894 10863:Rinehart, Robin (2011). 10436:Devi: Goddesses of India 10410:Manna, Sibendu. (1993). 10269:Kapoor, Subodh (2002) . 10250:Kali, Davadatta (2003). 10195:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 10176:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 10019:Harlan, Lindsey (2003). 9921:Devi: Goddesses of India 9900:Harlan, Lindsey (1992). 9862:Gupta, Sanjukta (2013). 9803:Grimes, John A. (1996). 9738:Flood, Gavin D. (1996). 9410:Brancaccio, Pia (2010). 8961:Hurley & Hurley 2012 7472:, pp. 134–138, 140. 7139: 6982:Sri Rajarajeswari Peetam 6977:Laguna Beach, California 6013:for Shiva, and consorts 5550:performed here are more 5343:Kalikula: family of Kali 4643:Fixing the mind upon me, 4622:The soul and the Goddess 4585:The seventh book of the 4557:has attracted scholarly 4226:University of California 4119:third largest Hindu sect 1439:, sacrifice, and charity 331:Trika (Kashmir Shaivism) 13035:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 12227:Tripuratapini Upanishad 11816:Encyclopædia Britannica 11754:Kinsley, David (1978). 11178:Urban, Hugh B. (2003). 11050:Sharma, Arvind (2000). 11016:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10997:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10520:McDaniel, June (2004). 10438:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10301:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10297:Kinsley, David (1998). 10282:. Motilal Banarsidass. 10278:Kinsley, David (1987). 10197:. Infobase Publishing. 10178:. Infobase Publishing. 10167:20 October 2013 at the 10057:Johnsen, Linda (2002). 9923:. Motilal Banarsidass. 9847:. Bloomsbury Academic. 9588:. Motilal Banarsidass. 9507:Oxford University Press 9336:. University Park, PA: 9289:Singh & Fenech 2014 9267:, pp. 71, 107–110. 9229:Gray & Overbey 2016 9009:Johnson & Grim 2013 8174:, pp. 4–5, 11, 57. 8109:Harper & Brown 2012 6388:champions monastic life 5450:, the snake goddesses, 4752:Tripuratapini Upanishad 4554:Tripuratapini Upanishad 3617:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2830:Timeline of Hindu texts 2735:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1763:Pumsavana Simantonayana 1418:Śabda (word, testimony) 656:Epic-Puranic chronology 624:Dravidian folk religion 13010:Eighteen Greater Texts 11787:Koester, Hans (1929). 11588:www.historyofodisha.in 11512:"Kali Pooja in Bengal" 11116:"The Śaiva Literature" 11012:Sivaraman, K. (1973). 10907:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan 10848:. Simon and Schuster. 10784:Prakash, Prem (1998). 10628:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 10611:The Samnyasa Upanisads 9624:Dalal, Roshen (2014). 9603:Dalal, Roshen (2010). 9584:Deussen, Paul (1980). 8792:, p. 332 note 68. 8646:Taylor & Case 2013 7861:, pp. 1–3, 12–17. 7738:, pp. 1–2, 85–98. 7153:Srimad Devi Bhagavatam 6476:List of Shakti Temples 6264:Brahman (Shiva), Atman 6037: 5905:In Odisha, during the 5753: 5747:Meenakshi Amman Temple 5578: 5532: 5478: 5409: 5253: 5228: 5202:Lalita-Tripura Sundari 5105:and Purnananda Giri's 5057:after due initiation ( 4915:, Lakshmi, Saraswati, 4908: 4652: 4633:It is whole, infinite 4587:Srimad Devi-Bhagavatam 4517:Upa Puranic literature 4479:Hindu reform movements 4403: 4370: 4319:, particularly in the 4276: 3582:Eighteen Greater Texts 3211:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2640:Krishnananda Saraswati 1879:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 1393:Pratyakṣa (perception) 1253:Titiksha (forbearance) 57: 13763:Hindu gurus and sants 13015:Eighteen Lesser Texts 12207:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 11287:Yadav, Neeta (2001). 10901:Sarma, S. A. (2001). 10336:. Walter de Gruyter. 10330:Keul, István (2012). 10076:Joshi, L. M. (1998). 10061:. Yes International. 9719:Flood, Gavin (2008). 8699:Jones & Ryan 2006 8461:Jones & Ryan 2006 8225:, p. back cover. 8211:Subramuniyaswami 2002 8198:, pp. 59–60, 68. 7996:, pp. 1101–1102. 7936:, pp. 2600–2602. 7705:Jones & Ryan 2014 6474:Further information: 6470:Temples and influence 6321:6. Reliable testimony 6308:3. Reliable testimony 6299:3. Reliable testimony 6292:3. Reliable testimony 6267:Brahman (Devi), Atman 6031: 5740: 5573: 5538:("She Who Saves") or 5511: 5472: 5407: 5251: 5222: 5097:, Brahmananda Giri's 4902: 4631:beyond all dualities. 4619: 4571:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 4398: 4393:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 4382:ultimately dissolve. 4358: 4251: 4230:Jonathan Mark Kenoyer 4141:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 3698:Varna-related topics: 3589:Eighteen Lesser Texts 3162:Devi Bhagavata Purana 2053:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 2039:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1971:Philosophical schools 1273:Ahamkara (attachment) 1233:Vairagya (dispassion) 1161:Mokṣa-related topics: 436:Festivals and temples 40:: from left to right 35: 13753:Anti-Hindu sentiment 11410:on 24 September 2023 10995:Tantric Revisionings 10788:. Inner Traditions. 10386:on 11 November 2023. 10353:A Survey of Hinduism 9965:History of Religions 9658:Eng, Lai Ah (2008). 9488:Dasgupta, S (1996). 9473:. South Asia Books. 7615:, pp. xiii–xiv. 7565:Krishna Warrier 1999 7039:Vairocanabhisambodhi 7002:and participants in 6943:class=notpageimage| 6383:Bhakti, Tantra, Yoga 6209:Recommends, Optional 6090:Vedas and Upanishads 6084:Vedas and Upanishads 6081:Vedas and Upanishads 6078:Scriptural authority 6056:Vaishnava Traditions 5797:Chithirai Thiruvizha 5505:) to the goddess as 5099:Saktananda Tarangini 5093:, Sarvanandanatha's 4864:Bahvricha Upanishad 4662:Devibhagavata Purana 4218:Allahabad University 3830:Hinduism and Jainism 2760:Vethathiri Maharishi 2665:Nisargadatta Maharaj 1228:Viveka (discernment) 603:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 177:Scriptures and texts 13949:Hindu denominations 13859:Hinduism by country 13025:Iraiyanar Akapporul 12985:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 12263:Regional variations 11736:"Shakta and Shakti" 11667:on 14 November 2007 11642:on 25 December 2023 11564:www.pewresearch.org 11398:on 28 October 2023. 10114:The Roots of Tantra 10040:The Roots of Tantra 9843:Gonda, Jan (1970). 9531:. Gregorian Press. 9520:Motilal Banarsidass 9243:, pp. 119–123. 9110:, pp. 281–305. 9108:Fell McDermett 1998 9083:, pp. 110–114. 9071:, pp. 371–375. 8951:, pp. 177–225. 8939:, pp. 245–248. 8903:, pp. 336–340. 8891:, pp. 182–183. 8819:, pp. 162–167. 8648:, pp. 285–288. 8624:, pp. 107–108. 8487:, pp. 204–205. 8463:, pp. 112–113. 8403:, pp. 103–104. 8352:, pp. 103–109. 8051:, pp. 161–165. 8030:Sanderson 2012–2013 8008:, pp. 254–256. 7984:, pp. 102–104. 7912:, pp. 174–176. 7777:, pp. 179–198. 7762:, pp. 131–138. 7313:, pp. 229–232. 7198:Kenoyer et al. 1983 6049: 5212:and Tamil areas of 5087: 15th century 5076:Saradatilaka Tantra 4704: 4192:History of Shaktism 4186:Origins and history 3888:Hinduism portal 3767:Hinduism by country 3603:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3547:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2630:Dayananda Saraswati 2615:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 2521:Sripada Srivallabha 2461:Raghunatha Siromani 2426:Narasimha Saraswati 2326:Santadas Kathiababa 1398:Anumāṇa (inference) 508:Hinduism portal 484:Regional variations 12270:Caribbean Shaktism 11713:on 24 October 2023 11688:on 31 January 2024 11612:www.kalimandir.org 11546:on 24 October 2023 11522:on 9 November 2023 11516:Diwalifestival.org 11492:Diwalifestival.org 11450:on 3 November 2023 11366:on 24 October 2023 11342:on 24 October 2023 11302:www.britannica.com 11219:Wadley, Susan Snow 10750:. Fortress Press. 10648:Pattanaik, Devdutt 9773:10.1093/jhs/hit028 9529:Hindu Spirituality 9416:. Brill Academic. 9304:Books and Journals 9093:Bhattacharyya 1996 8612:, pp. 61, 88. 8367:, pp. 95–115. 8283:Bhattacharyya 1996 8162:, pp. 35, 37. 8073:Bhattacharyya 1996 7972:, pp. 26, 94. 7577:Bhattacharyya 1996 7386:Bhattacharyya 1996 7134:Caribbean Shaktism 6359:Videhamukti, Yoga, 6047: 6038: 5884:Mahanirvana Tantra 5793:Meenakshi Kalyanam 5783:Meenakshi Kalyanam 5754: 5479: 5434:and all the other 5410: 5395:) and liberation ( 5301:practice) and the 5254: 5229: 5111:Sritattvacintamani 5021:Tantric traditions 4947:of ten goddesses. 4909: 4724:Period of creation 4698: 4532:Lalita Sahasranama 4245:, also called the 3989:Hindu denomination 3782:Caribbean Shaktism 3501:Kanakadhara Stotra 2750:U. G. Krishnamurti 2730:Satyadhyana Tirtha 2321:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1979:Six Astika schools 1223:Ānanda (happiness) 1202:Anātman (non-self) 490:Caribbean Shaktism 233:Lalita Sahasranama 58: 13931: 13930: 13707: 13706: 13260: 13259: 13053: 13052: 12967:Sangam literature 12923:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 12771: 12770: 12587: 12586: 12296: 12295: 12242:Bhavana Upanishad 12237:Tripura Upanishad 12217:Shakta Upanishads 11540:www.philtar.ac.uk 11426:. 14 January 2022 11279:978-1-60620-145-9 11251:978-0-226-89483-6 11189:978-0-520-93689-8 11170:978-0-252-09433-0 11112:Sanderson, Alexis 11103:978-0-19-969930-8 11082:978-0-19-927388-1 11063:978-0-19-564441-8 11042:978-0-7914-2706-4 11023:978-81-208-1771-5 10985:978-0-299-15904-7 10957:978-0-945497-99-8 10893:978-0-7914-3696-7 10874:978-0-19-984247-6 10855:978-0-86171-444-5 10814:978-81-8069-544-5 10795:978-0-89281-664-4 10757:978-0-8006-9970-3 10717:978-1-4384-1618-2 10698:978-0-7914-9049-5 10679:978-0-7914-6595-0 10639:978-1-57607-770-2 10571:978-1-59884-204-3 10550:978-0-313-35465-6 10531:978-0-19-534713-5 10483:978-0-231-12919-0 10445:978-81-208-1491-2 10402:978-0-415-45677-7 10362:978-0-7914-8011-3 10343:978-3-11-025811-0 10308:978-81-208-1523-0 10289:978-81-208-0394-7 10242:978-1-59056-281-9 10223:978-1-139-49317-8 10185:978-0-8160-7564-5 10123:978-0-7914-5305-6 10104:978-1-4959-4653-0 10086:Johnston, Charles 10068:978-0-936663-28-9 10049:978-0-7914-8890-4 9952:978-0-8147-3619-7 9930:978-81-208-1491-2 9892:978-1-85109-980-1 9873:978-1-134-15774-7 9854:978-1-4742-8080-8 9835:978-0-19-990952-0 9795:978-1-902210-43-8 9751:978-0-521-43878-0 9730:978-0-470-99868-7 9711:978-0-691-12048-5 9690:978-1-57233-214-0 9669:978-981-230-754-5 9616:978-0-14-341517-6 9609:. Penguin Books. 9595:978-81-208-1468-4 9538:978-88-7652-818-7 9442:978-0-7914-3939-5 9423:978-90-04-18525-8 9402:978-0-7914-0364-8 9383:978-0-7914-1146-9 9360:978-0-226-07569-3 9279:, pp. 37–38. 9231:, pp. 47–48. 8879:, pp. 27–36. 8855:, pp. 56–57. 8756:, pp. 65–71. 8713:, pp. 32–34. 8338:Nikhilananda 2000 8249:, pp. 59–60. 8186:, pp. 57–65. 8099:, pp. 47–72. 7922:Klostermaier 2010 7885:, pp. 15–16. 7849:, pp. 74–75. 7813:, pp. 26–28. 7750:, pp. 12–17. 7639:, pp. 37–38. 7508:, pp. 89–91. 7448:, pp. 77–78. 7200:, pp. 88–94. 7109:Markandeya Purana 7092:Guru Gobind Singh 7035:Manjusrimulakalpa 6394: 6393: 6203:and Vegetarianism 6128:Brahman principle 6069:Smarta Traditions 6065:Shakta Traditions 6061:Shaiva Traditions 5913:in her temple in 5900:Gadhimai festival 5795:is a part of the 5703:Diwali and others 5668:(June/July). The 5650:Vasanta Navaratri 5546:). The forms of 5119:Agamatattvavilasa 5095:Sarvolassa Tantra 4882:Principal deities 4879: 4878: 4853:Krishna Yajurveda 4808:Bhavana Upanishad 4788:Tripura Upanishad 4549:Tripura Upanishad 4544:Tripura Upanishad 4512:Shakta Upanishads 4499:Abhirami Anthadhi 4491:Bharatchandra Ray 4471:Swami Vivekananda 4464:Shaktadavaitavada 4375:Swami Vivekananda 4198:Upper Paleolithic 4160:are revered. The 4152:Shakta Upanishads 4014:, and the fierce 3981: 3924: 3923: 3775:Balinese Hinduism 3274:Markandeya Purana 2511:Satyanatha Tirtha 2466:Raghuttama Tirtha 2456:Raghavendra Swami 2296:Ramdas Kathiababa 1377:Sources of dharma 1243:Dama (temperance) 1238:Sama (equanimity) 604: 542: 541: 356:Bharatchandra Ray 201:Shakta Upanishads 16:(Redirected from 13956: 13921: 13920: 13911: 13901: 13900: 13890: 13889: 13800:Pilgrimage sites 13554:Ganesh Chaturthi 13269: 13268: 13064: 13063: 13045:Vedarthasamgraha 13040:Vinayagar Agaval 13005:Five Great Epics 12980:Divya Prabandham 12893:Minor Upanishads 12637: 12636: 12607: 12606: 12595: 12594: 12375: 12374: 12341: 12333: 12323: 12316: 12309: 12300: 12299: 11968: 11856: 11849: 11842: 11833: 11832: 11822:Śākta Traditions 11800: 11783: 11750: 11740: 11722: 11720: 11718: 11709:. Archived from 11697: 11695: 11693: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11663:. Archived from 11651: 11649: 11647: 11638:. Archived from 11636:www.srividya.org 11627: 11625: 11623: 11614:. Archived from 11603: 11601: 11599: 11594:on 7 August 2023 11579: 11577: 11575: 11570:on 17 April 2024 11555: 11553: 11551: 11531: 11529: 11527: 11518:. Archived from 11507: 11505: 11503: 11498:on 19 April 2024 11494:. Archived from 11483: 11481: 11479: 11474:on 27 March 2024 11470:. Archived from 11459: 11457: 11455: 11446:. Archived from 11435: 11433: 11431: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11404:"Devi Upanishad" 11399: 11394:. Archived from 11387: 11386:on 20 June 2023. 11375: 11373: 11371: 11362:. Archived from 11351: 11349: 11347: 11338:. Archived from 11320: 11318: 11316: 11292: 11283: 11264: 11255: 11236: 11214: 11193: 11174: 11153: 11143: 11133: 11132:on 4 March 2016. 11131: 11120: 11107: 11086: 11067: 11046: 11027: 11008: 10989: 10970: 10961: 10942: 10919: 10910: 10897: 10878: 10859: 10840: 10818: 10799: 10780: 10761: 10742: 10721: 10702: 10683: 10664: 10655: 10643: 10624: 10605: 10594: 10575: 10554: 10535: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10506: 10499: 10487: 10468: 10449: 10430: 10417: 10412:Mother Goddess, 10406: 10387: 10385: 10379:. Archived from 10378: 10366: 10347: 10326: 10323: 10312: 10293: 10274: 10265: 10246: 10227: 10208: 10189: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10127: 10108: 10096: 10081: 10072: 10053: 10034: 10015: 9996: 9961:Hiltebeitel, Alf 9956: 9939:Hiltebeitel, Alf 9934: 9915: 9896: 9877: 9858: 9839: 9818: 9799: 9787: 9776: 9755: 9734: 9715: 9694: 9673: 9654: 9652: 9641: 9620: 9599: 9580: 9561: 9542: 9523: 9510: 9504: 9493: 9484: 9465: 9446: 9427: 9406: 9387: 9364: 9341: 9328: 9315: 9292: 9286: 9280: 9274: 9268: 9262: 9256: 9250: 9244: 9238: 9232: 9226: 9220: 9214: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9187: 9181: 9175: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9124: 9118: 9117: 9105: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9078: 9072: 9066: 9060: 9054: 9048: 9042: 9036: 9030: 9024: 9018: 9012: 9006: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8982: 8976: 8970: 8964: 8958: 8952: 8946: 8940: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8910: 8904: 8898: 8892: 8886: 8880: 8874: 8868: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8826: 8820: 8814: 8805: 8804:, pp. 4–18. 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8775: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8733: 8727: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8655: 8649: 8643: 8637: 8634:Hiltebeitel 1980 8631: 8625: 8619: 8613: 8607: 8601: 8595: 8589: 8583: 8577: 8571: 8565: 8559: 8553: 8547: 8541: 8535: 8529: 8523: 8517: 8511: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8482: 8476: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8452: 8446: 8440: 8434: 8428: 8422: 8416: 8410: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8353: 8347: 8341: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8316: 8303: 8297: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8208: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8127: 8121: 8112: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8009: 8003: 7997: 7991: 7985: 7979: 7973: 7967: 7961: 7955: 7949: 7943: 7937: 7931: 7925: 7919: 7913: 7907: 7898: 7897:, pp. 9–10. 7892: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7856: 7850: 7844: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7796: 7785: 7784: 7772: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7745: 7739: 7733: 7727: 7721: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7695:, pp. 1–38. 7690: 7679: 7673: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7591:, pp. 1–36. 7586: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7567:, pp. ix–x. 7562: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7479: 7473: 7467: 7461: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335: 7329: 7323: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7271: 7267: 7259: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7228: 7222: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7174: 7171: 7165: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7050: 7027:Aurangabad Caves 6991:temple in rural 6927: 6926: 6909: 6908: 6900: 6899: 6882: 6881: 6873: 6872: 6864: 6863: 6855: 6854: 6846: 6845: 6837: 6836: 6828: 6827: 6819: 6818: 6810: 6809: 6801: 6800: 6792: 6791: 6783: 6782: 6774: 6773: 6765: 6764: 6756: 6755: 6747: 6746: 6738: 6737: 6729: 6728: 6720: 6719: 6711: 6710: 6702: 6701: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6674: 6657: 6656: 6648: 6647: 6639: 6638: 6621: 6620: 6612: 6611: 6603: 6602: 6594: 6593: 6585: 6584: 6576: 6575: 6567: 6566: 6558: 6557: 6549: 6548: 6540: 6539: 6531: 6530: 6522: 6521: 6513: 6512: 6504: 6503: 6497: 6456:henotheistically 6436:Himachal Pradesh 6337:Shakti-advaita, 6050: 6046: 5850: 5841: 5825:Animal sacrifice 5772:Ganesh Chaturthi 5678:Ashada Navaratri 5662:Ashada Navaratri 5499:Birbhum district 5166:), strongest in 5088: 5085: 4714:Muktika serial # 4705: 4697: 4679:Hindu philosophy 4665: 4538:Brahmanda Purana 4460:Hindu philosophy 4430: 4421: 4377: 4348:Thomas B. Coburn 4274: 4228:and assisted by 4222:J. Desmond Clark 3986: 3984:Śāktasampradāyaḥ 3976: 3974: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3846:and Christianity 3816:Pilgrimage sites 3746:Reform movements 3624:Vinayagar Agaval 3575:Five Great Epics 3524:Tamil literature 3423:Sushruta Samhita 3218:Bhavishya Purana 3204:Brahmanda Purana 3155:Bhagavata Purana 3083:Other scriptures 2645:Mahavatar Babaji 2220:Satyakama Jabala 1891:Ganesh Chaturthi 1745:Rites of passage 1258:Shraddha (faith) 676:Major traditions 602: 567: 544: 543: 534: 527: 520: 506: 505: 504: 381:Abhirami Bhattar 258:Saundarya Lahari 83: 60: 59: 21: 13964: 13963: 13959: 13958: 13957: 13955: 13954: 13953: 13934: 13933: 13932: 13927: 13894: 13880: 13703: 13672: 13663:Vasant Panchami 13597:Pahela Baishakh 13579:Makar Sankranti 13498: 13433: 13340: 13256: 13159: 13049: 13030:Abhirami Antati 13000:Kamba Ramayanam 12961: 12847: 12804: 12767: 12689: 12663: 12626: 12596: 12583: 12567:Vishishtadvaita 12504: 12364: 12343: 12327: 12297: 12292: 12274: 12258: 12188: 12138: 12080: 12041:Tripura Sundari 12017: 11969: 11960: 11878: 11865: 11860: 11807: 11738: 11730: 11728:Further reading 11725: 11716: 11714: 11691: 11689: 11670: 11668: 11645: 11643: 11621: 11619: 11618:on 3 March 2024 11597: 11595: 11573: 11571: 11549: 11547: 11525: 11523: 11501: 11499: 11477: 11475: 11453: 11451: 11429: 11427: 11413: 11411: 11369: 11367: 11345: 11343: 11327: 11314: 11312: 11280: 11252: 11233: 11190: 11171: 11141: 11129: 11118: 11104: 11083: 11064: 11043: 11024: 11005: 10986: 10958: 10939: 10894: 10875: 10856: 10837: 10815: 10796: 10777: 10758: 10739: 10718: 10699: 10680: 10640: 10621: 10591: 10572: 10551: 10532: 10510: 10508: 10507:on 26 June 2013 10504: 10497: 10484: 10465: 10446: 10427: 10403: 10383: 10376: 10363: 10344: 10321:Sākta Upaniṣads 10309: 10290: 10262: 10243: 10224: 10205: 10186: 10169:Wayback Machine 10154: 10152: 10145: 10124: 10105: 10094: 10069: 10050: 10031: 10012: 9953: 9931: 9912: 9893: 9874: 9855: 9836: 9815: 9796: 9752: 9731: 9712: 9691: 9670: 9638: 9617: 9596: 9577: 9558: 9539: 9516:The Lalita Cult 9481: 9462: 9443: 9424: 9403: 9384: 9361: 9306: 9300: 9295: 9287: 9283: 9275: 9271: 9263: 9259: 9251: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9227: 9223: 9217:Brancaccio 2010 9215: 9208: 9200: 9196: 9188: 9184: 9176: 9169: 9165:, p. 2599. 9161: 9157: 9149: 9145: 9137: 9133: 9127:Kalimandir 2016 9125: 9121: 9111: 9106: 9099: 9091: 9087: 9079: 9075: 9067: 9063: 9055: 9051: 9043: 9039: 9031: 9027: 9019: 9015: 9007: 9003: 8995: 8991: 8983: 8979: 8971: 8967: 8959: 8955: 8947: 8943: 8935: 8931: 8923: 8919: 8911: 8907: 8899: 8895: 8887: 8883: 8875: 8871: 8863: 8859: 8851: 8847: 8839: 8835: 8827: 8823: 8815: 8808: 8800: 8796: 8788: 8784: 8776: 8772: 8764: 8760: 8752: 8748: 8740: 8736: 8728: 8717: 8709: 8705: 8697: 8688: 8680: 8676: 8668: 8664: 8656: 8652: 8644: 8640: 8632: 8628: 8620: 8616: 8608: 8604: 8596: 8592: 8584: 8580: 8572: 8568: 8560: 8556: 8548: 8544: 8536: 8532: 8524: 8520: 8512: 8503: 8495: 8491: 8483: 8479: 8471: 8467: 8459: 8455: 8447: 8443: 8435: 8431: 8423: 8419: 8413:Srinivasan 2007 8411: 8407: 8399: 8395: 8387: 8383: 8375: 8371: 8363: 8356: 8348: 8344: 8336: 8332: 8322: 8317: 8306: 8298: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8257: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8237:, p. xiii. 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8213:, p. 1211. 8209: 8202: 8194: 8190: 8182: 8178: 8170: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8146: 8142: 8134: 8130: 8122: 8115: 8107: 8103: 8095: 8091: 8083: 8079: 8071: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8047: 8043: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8020:, pp. 1–5. 8016: 8012: 8004: 8000: 7992: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7968: 7964: 7956: 7952: 7944: 7940: 7932: 7928: 7920: 7916: 7908: 7901: 7893: 7889: 7881: 7877: 7869: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7845: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7823:Rigopoulos 1998 7821: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7801:, pp. 1–3. 7797: 7788: 7778: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7746: 7742: 7734: 7730: 7722: 7711: 7703: 7699: 7691: 7682: 7674: 7667: 7659: 7655: 7647: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7627:, pp. xvi. 7623: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7599: 7595: 7587: 7583: 7575: 7571: 7563: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7539: 7524: 7516: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7492: 7488: 7480: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7456: 7452: 7444: 7440: 7432: 7428: 7420: 7416: 7408: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7384: 7380: 7372: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7344: 7336: 7332: 7324: 7317: 7309: 7305: 7297: 7293: 7289:, p. 2600. 7285: 7274: 7270: 7262: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7238: 7231: 7223: 7216: 7208: 7204: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7168: 7163: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7142: 7118: 7082: 7070: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7012: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6928: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6910: 6902: 6901: 6893: 6892: 6891: 6883: 6875: 6874: 6866: 6865: 6857: 6856: 6848: 6847: 6839: 6838: 6830: 6829: 6821: 6820: 6812: 6811: 6803: 6802: 6794: 6793: 6785: 6784: 6776: 6775: 6767: 6766: 6758: 6757: 6749: 6748: 6740: 6739: 6731: 6730: 6722: 6721: 6713: 6712: 6704: 6703: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6685: 6677: 6676: 6668: 6667: 6666: 6658: 6650: 6649: 6641: 6640: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6622: 6614: 6613: 6605: 6604: 6596: 6595: 6587: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6569: 6568: 6560: 6559: 6551: 6550: 6542: 6541: 6533: 6532: 6524: 6523: 6515: 6514: 6506: 6505: 6482: 6472: 6399: 6387: 6365: 6360: 6351: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6307: 6305: 6301:4. Self-evident 6300: 6298: 6296: 6291: 6289: 6280: 6009:for Vishnu and 5966: 5946:Alf Hiltebeitel 5944:. According to 5861: 5860: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5843: 5842: 5827: 5815:Kamakhya Temple 5745:(tower) of the 5711: 5705: 5700: 5698:Vasant Panchami 5694: 5692:Vasant Panchami 5654:Chaitra Navatri 5597: 5591: 5583: 5345: 5311:practice). The 5184: 5164:Tripura Sundari 5155: 5135: 5127: 5086: 5070:Notable Shakta 5023: 4884: 4696: 4683:Advaita Vedanta 4667: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4583: 4507: 4475:Sri Ramakrishna 4469:The Hindu monk 4456:Advaita Vedanta 4448: 4447: 4446: 4445: 4442:Elephanta Caves 4438:Ardhanarishvara 4433: 4432: 4431: 4423: 4422: 4379: 4372: 4356: 4275: 4265: 4194: 4188: 4176:Hindu festivals 4109:for Vishnu and 3973:शाक्तसम्प्रदायः 3934: 3930: 3920: 3882: 3880: 3861: 3860: 3854: 3824: 3790: 3769: 3761: 3751: 3750: 3713: 3646: 3638: 3630: 3629: 3526: 3494: 3416:Charaka Samhita 3395:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 3353:Shilpa Shastras 3332: 3285: 3169:Naradiya Purana 3141: 3136: 3111: 3085: 3044: 2908: 2840: 2824: 2793: 2785: 2775: 2774: 2720:Shirdi Sai Baba 2715:Sathya Sai Baba 2695:Ramana Maharshi 2599: 2566:Vadiraja Tirtha 2561:Vācaspati Miśra 2441:Srinivasacharya 2421:Narahari Tirtha 2401:Matsyendranatha 2386:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 2351:Jagannatha Dasa 2341:Haridasa Thakur 2255: 2134: 2126: 2116: 2115: 2071: 2032:Vishishtadvaita 1981: 1973: 1963: 1962: 1916:Makar Sankranti 1896:Vasant Panchami 1859:Maha Shivaratri 1843: 1747: 1656: 1590: 1559: 1440: 1431: 1423: 1422: 1387: 1281: 1218:Prajña (wisdom) 1214: 1191: 1155: 1129: 1098: 1067: 1065:Meaning of life 1052:God in Hinduism 1041: 1005: 1003:Supreme reality 980:Subtle elements 969: 950: 944: 934: 933: 789: 758: 732: 724: 714: 713: 710: 677: 671: 661: 660: 605: 600:Hindu synthesis 596: 591: 538: 502: 500: 495: 494: 485: 477: 476: 437: 429: 428: 394: 386: 385: 351: 341: 340: 308: 288: 286: 278: 277: 247: 238:Tripura Rahasya 223:Devi Bhagavatam 179: 169: 168: 104: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13962: 13952: 13951: 13946: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13925: 13915: 13905: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13878: 13877: 13876: 13871: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13850: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13809: 13808: 13807: 13797: 13792: 13791: 13790: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13734: 13733: 13728: 13717: 13715: 13709: 13708: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13680: 13678: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13649: 13648: 13647: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13621: 13620: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13550: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13529: 13527:Raksha Bandhan 13524: 13519: 13514: 13508: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13497: 13496: 13495: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13469: 13468: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13441: 13439: 13435: 13434: 13432: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13350: 13348: 13342: 13341: 13339: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13277: 13275: 13266: 13262: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13254: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13169: 13167: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13157: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13094: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13072: 13070: 13061: 13055: 13054: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12971: 12969: 12963: 12962: 12960: 12959: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12926: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12884: 12883: 12878: 12868: 12863: 12857: 12855: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12814: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12781: 12779: 12773: 12772: 12769: 12768: 12766: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12738:Shvetashvatara 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12713:Brihadaranyaka 12710: 12705: 12699: 12697: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12671: 12669: 12665: 12664: 12662: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12640: 12634: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12624: 12619: 12613: 12611: 12610:Classification 12604: 12598: 12597: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12581: 12572: 12571: 12570: 12563: 12556: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12514: 12512: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12420: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12383: 12381: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12354: 12348: 12345: 12344: 12326: 12325: 12318: 12311: 12303: 12294: 12293: 12291: 12290: 12285: 12279: 12276: 12275: 12273: 12272: 12266: 12264: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12256: 12255: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12232:Devi Upanishad 12229: 12224: 12222:Sita Upanishad 12214: 12209: 12204: 12198: 12196: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12148: 12146: 12140: 12139: 12137: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12090: 12088: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12027: 12025: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11979: 11977: 11971: 11970: 11963: 11961: 11959: 11958: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11930: 11929: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11888: 11886: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11876: 11870: 11867: 11866: 11859: 11858: 11851: 11844: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11806: 11805:External links 11803: 11802: 11801: 11784: 11766:(4): 489–506. 11751: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11723: 11698: 11677: 11652: 11628: 11604: 11580: 11556: 11532: 11508: 11484: 11460: 11436: 11420: 11400: 11388: 11376: 11352: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11321: 11293: 11284: 11278: 11265: 11256: 11250: 11237: 11231: 11215: 11194: 11188: 11175: 11169: 11154: 11134: 11108: 11102: 11087: 11081: 11068: 11062: 11047: 11041: 11035:. SUNY Press. 11028: 11022: 11009: 11004:978-8120827523 11003: 10990: 10984: 10971: 10962: 10956: 10943: 10937: 10920: 10911: 10898: 10892: 10879: 10873: 10860: 10854: 10841: 10836:978-3447025225 10835: 10819: 10813: 10800: 10794: 10781: 10776:978-0812692983 10775: 10762: 10756: 10743: 10737: 10722: 10716: 10703: 10697: 10684: 10678: 10665: 10656: 10644: 10638: 10625: 10620:978-0195070453 10619: 10606: 10595: 10589: 10576: 10570: 10555: 10549: 10536: 10530: 10517: 10488: 10482: 10469: 10463: 10450: 10444: 10431: 10425: 10407: 10401: 10388: 10367: 10361: 10348: 10342: 10327: 10313: 10307: 10294: 10288: 10275: 10266: 10260: 10247: 10241: 10228: 10222: 10209: 10204:978-0816054589 10203: 10190: 10184: 10171: 10143: 10128: 10122: 10109: 10103: 10082: 10073: 10067: 10054: 10048: 10035: 10030:978-0195154269 10029: 10016: 10010: 9997: 9977:10.1086/462845 9971:(3): 187–223. 9957: 9951: 9935: 9929: 9916: 9910: 9897: 9891: 9878: 9872: 9859: 9853: 9840: 9834: 9819: 9814:978-0791430675 9813: 9800: 9794: 9777: 9756: 9750: 9735: 9729: 9716: 9710: 9695: 9689: 9674: 9668: 9655: 9642: 9636: 9630:. Penguin UK. 9621: 9615: 9600: 9594: 9581: 9576:978-0815336112 9575: 9562: 9556: 9543: 9537: 9524: 9511: 9494: 9485: 9479: 9466: 9460: 9447: 9441: 9428: 9422: 9407: 9401: 9388: 9382: 9365: 9359: 9342: 9329: 9316: 9305: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9291:, p. 139. 9281: 9269: 9257: 9255:, p. 715. 9245: 9233: 9221: 9206: 9204:, p. 137. 9194: 9192:, p. 119. 9182: 9180:, p. 332. 9167: 9155: 9143: 9131: 9119: 9097: 9095:, p. 171. 9085: 9081:Pattanaik 2000 9073: 9061: 9049: 9037: 9025: 9013: 9011:, p. 400. 9001: 8989: 8987:, p. 375. 8977: 8965: 8953: 8941: 8929: 8927:, p. 225. 8917: 8915:, p. 238. 8905: 8901:Sivaraman 1973 8893: 8881: 8869: 8857: 8845: 8841:Munavalli 2007 8833: 8821: 8806: 8794: 8782: 8778:Dhavamony 2002 8770: 8768:, p. 221. 8758: 8746: 8744:, p. 182. 8742:Partridge 2013 8734: 8715: 8711:Dhavamony 1999 8703: 8701:, p. 474. 8686: 8684:, p. 156. 8674: 8662: 8660:, p. 262. 8650: 8638: 8626: 8614: 8602: 8590: 8578: 8576:, p. 312. 8566: 8554: 8542: 8540:, p. 205. 8538:McDermott 2011 8530: 8528:, p. 141. 8518: 8501: 8499:, p. 343. 8489: 8485:McDermott 2011 8477: 8475:, p. 184. 8465: 8453: 8449:Kalipooja 2007 8441: 8429: 8417: 8405: 8393: 8391:, p. 830. 8389:McDermott 2005 8381: 8377:Durgapuja 2007 8369: 8354: 8350:Pattanaik 2000 8342: 8340:, p. 734. 8330: 8304: 8287: 8285:, p. 209. 8275: 8273:, p. 219. 8263: 8251: 8239: 8227: 8215: 8200: 8196:Sanderson 2014 8188: 8184:Sanderson 2014 8176: 8172:Sanderson 2014 8164: 8160:Sanderson 2014 8152: 8150:, p. 827. 8148:McDermott 2005 8140: 8128: 8126:, p. xii. 8113: 8101: 8089: 8077: 8075:, p. 126. 8065: 8053: 8041: 8022: 8010: 8006:Greenberg 2008 7998: 7986: 7974: 7962: 7960:, p. 149. 7950: 7938: 7926: 7914: 7899: 7895:Pintchman 2014 7887: 7875: 7871:Pintchman 2015 7863: 7851: 7839: 7827: 7815: 7811:Pintchman 2014 7803: 7786: 7764: 7760:Pintchman 2015 7752: 7740: 7728: 7726:, p. 170. 7709: 7707:, p. 399. 7697: 7680: 7665: 7653: 7641: 7629: 7617: 7605: 7593: 7589:Dikshitar 1999 7581: 7579:, p. 164. 7569: 7557: 7545: 7543:, p. 826. 7541:McDermott 2005 7522: 7510: 7498: 7486: 7484:, p. 217. 7474: 7462: 7460:, p. 186. 7450: 7446:Dikshitar 1999 7438: 7426: 7414: 7402: 7390: 7378: 7366: 7354: 7352:, p. 193. 7342: 7330: 7328:, p. 139. 7315: 7303: 7291: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7260: 7251: 7244: 7229: 7214: 7202: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7166: 7157: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7125: 7117: 7114: 7090:attributed to 7081: 7078: 7069: 7066: 7053: 7052: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7011: 7008: 6993:Rush, New York 6953:Southeast Asia 6941: 6940: 6930: 6929: 6922: 6921: 6912: 6911: 6904: 6903: 6895: 6894: 6885: 6884: 6877: 6876: 6868: 6867: 6859: 6858: 6850: 6849: 6841: 6840: 6832: 6831: 6823: 6822: 6814: 6813: 6805: 6804: 6796: 6795: 6787: 6786: 6778: 6777: 6769: 6768: 6760: 6759: 6751: 6750: 6742: 6741: 6733: 6732: 6724: 6723: 6715: 6714: 6706: 6705: 6697: 6696: 6687: 6686: 6679: 6678: 6670: 6669: 6660: 6659: 6652: 6651: 6643: 6642: 6634: 6633: 6624: 6623: 6616: 6615: 6607: 6606: 6598: 6597: 6589: 6588: 6580: 6579: 6571: 6570: 6562: 6561: 6553: 6552: 6544: 6543: 6535: 6534: 6526: 6525: 6517: 6516: 6508: 6507: 6499: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6486:Shakti Peethas 6480:Shakti Peethas 6471: 6468: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6384: 6381: 6362: 6357: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6309: 6302: 6293: 6286: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6270:Brahman, Atman 6268: 6265: 6262: 6252: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6071: 6066: 6063: 6058: 6053: 5997:) of the gods 5965: 5962: 5957:British Empire 5889:Gayatri Mantra 5855: 5854: 5845: 5844: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5810:Ambubachi Mela 5788:Ambubachi Mela 5707:Main article: 5704: 5701: 5696:Main article: 5693: 5690: 5593:Main article: 5590: 5587: 5582: 5579: 5544:kaivalyadayini 5344: 5341: 5183: 5180: 5154: 5151: 5134: 5131: 5126: 5123: 5051:kundalini yoga 5022: 5019: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4859: 4858: 4855: 4850: 4847: 4839: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4794: 4791: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770:Devi Upanishad 4765: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4747: 4746: 4743: 4738: 4735: 4732:Sita Upanishad 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4695: 4692: 4625: 4618: 4582: 4579: 4575:Devi Upanishad 4506: 4503: 4483:mother goddess 4435: 4434: 4425: 4424: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4309:Kena Upanishad 4263: 4210:Madhya Pradesh 4206:Sidhi district 4190:Main article: 4187: 4184: 4157:Devi Upanishad 4097:) of the gods 4052:Tripurasundari 4050:, Parvati and 4010:, to gracious 3922: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3911: 3904: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3852: 3826: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3719:Discrimination 3715: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3610:Abirami Antati 3606: 3599: 3592: 3585: 3578: 3571: 3564: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3536: 3528: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3511: 3504: 3496: 3495: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3458:Ramcharitmanas 3454: 3447: 3440: 3433: 3426: 3419: 3412: 3409:Pramana Sutras 3405: 3398: 3391: 3384: 3381:Mimamsa Sutras 3377: 3374:Samkhya Sutras 3370: 3363: 3356: 3349: 3342: 3339:Dharma Shastra 3334: 3333: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3270: 3263: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3214: 3207: 3200: 3193: 3186: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3095: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3029: 3022: 3014: 3013: 3007: 3006: 2999: 2991: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2973:Shvetashvatara 2969: 2962: 2955: 2948: 2945:Brihadaranyaka 2940: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2925: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2755:Upasni Maharaj 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2581:Vedanta Desika 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2501:Samarth Ramdas 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2451:Purandara Dasa 2448: 2443: 2438: 2436:Nimbarkacharya 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2356:Jayanta Bhatta 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2028: 2021: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1886:Raksha Bandhan 1883: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1768:Simantonnayana 1765: 1760: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1717:Carnatic music 1714: 1709: 1704: 1702:Bhagavata Mela 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646:Kundalini yoga 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1096:Stages of life 1094: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1057:God and gender 1054: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1007: 1006: 1001: 998: 997: 992: 990:Gross elements 987: 982: 977: 971: 970: 967: 964: 963: 958: 952: 951: 948: 945: 940: 939: 936: 935: 932: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 865: 864: 858: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 801: 800: 791: 790: 780: 777: 776: 771: 766: 760: 759: 754: 751: 750: 745: 740: 734: 733: 728: 725: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 704: 701: 700: 695: 690: 685: 679: 678: 675: 672: 667: 666: 663: 662: 659: 658: 653: 648: 646:Itihasa-Purana 637: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 583: 582: 577: 569: 568: 560: 559: 553: 552: 540: 539: 537: 536: 529: 522: 514: 511: 510: 497: 496: 493: 492: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 475: 474: 469: 464: 462:Saraswati Puja 459: 454: 449: 444: 438: 435: 434: 431: 430: 427: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 384: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 352: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 328: 323: 317: 316: 307: 306: 301: 295: 294: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 273:Abirami Antati 270: 265: 260: 254: 253: 246: 245: 240: 235: 230: 228:Devi Mahatmyam 225: 220: 219: 218: 213: 208: 198: 197: 196: 186: 180: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 115: 114: 105: 100: 99: 96: 95: 94: 93: 85: 84: 76: 75: 69: 68: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13961: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13924: 13916: 13914: 13910: 13906: 13904: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13883: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13866: 13865: 13864:Hindu temples 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13810: 13806: 13803: 13802: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13789: 13786: 13785: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13768:Hindu studies 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13738:Denominations 13736: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13723: 13722: 13719: 13718: 13716: 13714: 13710: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13681: 13679: 13675: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13626: 13625: 13622: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13548: 13547:Vijayadashami 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13474: 13473: 13470: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13447: 13446: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13436: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13364:Simantonayana 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13347: 13343: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13278: 13276: 13274: 13270: 13267: 13263: 13253: 13252: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13174: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13162: 13156: 13155: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13071: 13069: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13056: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12964: 12958: 12957: 12953: 12951: 12950:Yoga Vasistha 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12910: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12873: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12861:Bhagavad Gita 12859: 12858: 12856: 12854: 12850: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12815: 12813: 12811: 12807: 12801: 12800:Sthapatyaveda 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12778: 12774: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12696: 12692: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12666: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12641: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12629: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12599: 12580: 12576: 12573: 12569: 12568: 12564: 12562: 12561: 12557: 12555: 12554: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12507: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12454: 12451: 12450: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12425: 12422: 12421: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12367: 12361: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12324: 12319: 12317: 12312: 12310: 12305: 12304: 12301: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12271: 12268: 12267: 12265: 12261: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12219: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12212:Kalika Purana 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12202:Devi Mahatmya 12200: 12199: 12197: 12195: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12172:Tulja Bhavani 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12145: 12144:Shakta pithas 12141: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12104:Chandraghanta 12102: 12100: 12099:Brahmacharini 12097: 12095: 12092: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12083: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12046:Bhuvaneshvari 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12024: 12020: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11972: 11967: 11957: 11956: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11928: 11925: 11924: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11887: 11885: 11881: 11875: 11872: 11871: 11868: 11864: 11857: 11852: 11850: 11845: 11843: 11838: 11837: 11834: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11817: 11812: 11809: 11808: 11798: 11794: 11790: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11752: 11748: 11744: 11737: 11732: 11731: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11699: 11687: 11683: 11678: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11653: 11641: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11605: 11593: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11557: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11497: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11473: 11469: 11468:DurgaPuja.org 11465: 11461: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11425: 11421: 11409: 11405: 11401: 11397: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11377: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11328: 11310: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11294: 11290: 11285: 11281: 11275: 11271: 11266: 11262: 11257: 11253: 11247: 11243: 11238: 11234: 11232:0-253-11127-7 11228: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11200: 11195: 11191: 11185: 11181: 11176: 11172: 11166: 11162: 11161: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11140: 11135: 11128: 11124: 11117: 11113: 11109: 11105: 11099: 11095: 11094: 11088: 11084: 11078: 11074: 11069: 11065: 11059: 11055: 11054: 11048: 11044: 11038: 11034: 11029: 11025: 11019: 11015: 11010: 11006: 11000: 10996: 10991: 10987: 10981: 10977: 10972: 10968: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10949: 10944: 10940: 10938:0-231-13748-6 10934: 10930: 10926: 10921: 10917: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10885: 10880: 10876: 10870: 10866: 10861: 10857: 10851: 10847: 10842: 10838: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10810: 10806: 10801: 10797: 10791: 10787: 10782: 10778: 10772: 10768: 10763: 10759: 10753: 10749: 10744: 10740: 10738:9788170226420 10734: 10730: 10729: 10723: 10719: 10713: 10709: 10704: 10700: 10694: 10690: 10685: 10681: 10675: 10671: 10666: 10662: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10641: 10635: 10631: 10626: 10622: 10616: 10612: 10607: 10603: 10602: 10596: 10592: 10590:9780934664585 10586: 10582: 10577: 10573: 10567: 10563: 10562: 10556: 10552: 10546: 10542: 10537: 10533: 10527: 10523: 10518: 10503: 10496: 10495: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10475: 10470: 10466: 10464:0-02-865735-7 10460: 10456: 10451: 10447: 10441: 10437: 10432: 10428: 10426:81-85094-60-8 10422: 10418: 10416: 10408: 10404: 10398: 10394: 10389: 10382: 10375: 10374: 10368: 10364: 10358: 10354: 10349: 10345: 10339: 10335: 10334: 10328: 10324: 10322: 10314: 10310: 10304: 10300: 10295: 10291: 10285: 10281: 10276: 10272: 10267: 10263: 10257: 10253: 10248: 10244: 10238: 10234: 10229: 10225: 10219: 10215: 10210: 10206: 10200: 10196: 10191: 10187: 10181: 10177: 10172: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10150: 10146: 10144:9781118323038 10140: 10136: 10135: 10129: 10125: 10119: 10115: 10110: 10106: 10100: 10093: 10092: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10074: 10070: 10064: 10060: 10055: 10051: 10045: 10041: 10036: 10032: 10026: 10022: 10017: 10013: 10011:9780983784722 10007: 10003: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9948: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9926: 9922: 9917: 9913: 9911:0-520-07339-8 9907: 9903: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9884: 9879: 9875: 9869: 9866:. Routledge. 9865: 9860: 9856: 9850: 9846: 9841: 9837: 9831: 9827: 9826: 9820: 9816: 9810: 9806: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9786: 9785: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9757: 9753: 9747: 9743: 9742: 9736: 9732: 9726: 9722: 9717: 9713: 9707: 9703: 9702: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9682: 9681: 9675: 9671: 9665: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9650: 9643: 9639: 9637:9788184752779 9633: 9629: 9628: 9622: 9618: 9612: 9608: 9607: 9601: 9597: 9591: 9587: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9569:. Routledge. 9568: 9563: 9559: 9557:90-420-1510-1 9553: 9549: 9544: 9540: 9534: 9530: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9512: 9508: 9503: 9502: 9495: 9491: 9486: 9482: 9480:81-208-0557-7 9476: 9472: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9453: 9448: 9444: 9438: 9434: 9429: 9425: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9408: 9404: 9398: 9394: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9366: 9362: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9343: 9339: 9335: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9317: 9313: 9308: 9307: 9290: 9285: 9278: 9273: 9266: 9265:Rinehart 2011 9261: 9254: 9249: 9242: 9237: 9230: 9225: 9218: 9213: 9211: 9203: 9198: 9191: 9186: 9179: 9174: 9172: 9164: 9159: 9152: 9147: 9140: 9139:Srividya 2016 9135: 9128: 9123: 9115: 9109: 9104: 9102: 9094: 9089: 9082: 9077: 9070: 9065: 9058: 9053: 9046: 9041: 9034: 9029: 9022: 9017: 9010: 9005: 8998: 8993: 8986: 8981: 8974: 8969: 8962: 8957: 8950: 8949:McDaniel 2004 8945: 8938: 8937:Deutsche 2000 8933: 8926: 8921: 8914: 8909: 8902: 8897: 8890: 8885: 8878: 8873: 8866: 8861: 8854: 8849: 8843:, p. 83. 8842: 8837: 8830: 8825: 8818: 8813: 8811: 8803: 8802:Olivelle 1992 8798: 8791: 8790:Phillips 1995 8786: 8780:, p. 63. 8779: 8774: 8767: 8762: 8755: 8750: 8743: 8738: 8731: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8712: 8707: 8700: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8683: 8678: 8672:, p. 11. 8671: 8670:McDaniel 2004 8666: 8659: 8654: 8647: 8642: 8635: 8630: 8623: 8618: 8611: 8606: 8600:, p. 77. 8599: 8594: 8587: 8582: 8575: 8570: 8563: 8562:Shrestha 2009 8558: 8551: 8546: 8539: 8534: 8527: 8522: 8516:, p. 83. 8515: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8498: 8493: 8486: 8481: 8474: 8469: 8462: 8457: 8450: 8445: 8438: 8433: 8427:, p. 33. 8426: 8421: 8414: 8409: 8402: 8397: 8390: 8385: 8378: 8373: 8366: 8361: 8359: 8351: 8346: 8339: 8334: 8326: 8320: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8302:, p. 28. 8301: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8284: 8279: 8272: 8267: 8261:, p. 56. 8260: 8255: 8248: 8243: 8236: 8231: 8224: 8219: 8212: 8207: 8205: 8197: 8192: 8185: 8180: 8173: 8168: 8161: 8156: 8149: 8144: 8137: 8132: 8125: 8120: 8118: 8110: 8105: 8098: 8093: 8087:, p. 65. 8086: 8081: 8074: 8069: 8062: 8057: 8050: 8045: 8037: 8032:, p. 80. 8031: 8026: 8019: 8014: 8007: 8002: 7995: 7990: 7983: 7978: 7971: 7970:Monaghan 2011 7966: 7959: 7954: 7947: 7942: 7935: 7930: 7923: 7918: 7911: 7906: 7904: 7896: 7891: 7884: 7879: 7872: 7867: 7860: 7855: 7848: 7843: 7837:, p. 94. 7836: 7831: 7825:, p. 72. 7824: 7819: 7812: 7807: 7800: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7782: 7776: 7771: 7769: 7761: 7756: 7749: 7744: 7737: 7732: 7725: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7706: 7701: 7694: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7677: 7672: 7670: 7662: 7661:Dasgupta 1996 7657: 7650: 7645: 7638: 7633: 7626: 7621: 7614: 7609: 7602: 7597: 7590: 7585: 7578: 7573: 7566: 7561: 7554: 7549: 7542: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7519: 7514: 7507: 7506:McDaniel 2004 7502: 7495: 7490: 7483: 7478: 7471: 7466: 7459: 7454: 7447: 7442: 7435: 7430: 7423: 7418: 7411: 7406: 7399: 7394: 7387: 7382: 7375: 7370: 7364:, p. 16. 7363: 7358: 7351: 7346: 7339: 7334: 7327: 7322: 7320: 7312: 7311:Johnston 2014 7307: 7300: 7295: 7288: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7242:, p. 26. 7241: 7236: 7234: 7227:, p. 90. 7226: 7225:McDaniel 2004 7221: 7219: 7211: 7206: 7199: 7194: 7190: 7170: 7161: 7154: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7113: 7112:of Hinduism. 7111: 7110: 7106:found in the 7105: 7104:Devi Mahatmya 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7077: 7075: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7049: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7025:The Buddhist 7023: 7021: 7017: 7007: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6969:United States 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6944: 6935: 6934: 6917: 6916: 6890: 6889: 6692: 6691: 6665: 6664: 6629: 6628: 6496: 6489: 6487: 6481: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6390: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6311:1. Perception 6310: 6304:1. Perception 6303: 6295:1. Perception 6294: 6288:1. Perception 6287: 6284: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257:(Vishnu) and 6256: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6097:Supreme deity 6096: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6045: 6043: 6035: 6030: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5961: 5958: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5869:water buffalo 5866: 5849: 5840: 5831: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5767: 5761: 5759: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5686:Devi Mahatmya 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5630:Devi Mahatmya 5626: 5625: 5624:Vijayadashami 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5596: 5586: 5577: 5572: 5570: 5565: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5475:Dakshina Kali 5471: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5406: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5371:, as well as 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5308:dakshinamarga 5304: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5287: 5283:The Srividya 5281: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5194:) tradition ( 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5091:Yogini Tantra 5081: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5035: 5030: 5029: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4992:Sapta-Matrika 4987: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4956:Bhuvaneshvari 4953: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4854: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4816:Atharva Veda 4812: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4778:Atharva Veda 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4760:Atharva Veda 4756: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4725: 4720: 4719:Attached Veda 4715: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4691: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4658: 4650: 4636: 4624: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4614:Bhuvaneshvari 4611: 4607: 4606: 4605:Bhagavad Gita 4601: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4526:Kalika Purana 4522: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4495:Ramprasad Sen 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4409: 4402: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4378: 4376: 4369: 4367: 4364:spoken of as 4363: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4344:Devi-Mahatmya 4341: 4340: 4339:Bhagavad Gita 4335: 4334:Devi Mahatmya 4330: 4328: 4327:Devi Mahatmya 4322: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4172:Hindu temples 4169: 4168: 4167:Bhagavad Gita 4163: 4162:Devi Mahatmya 4159: 4158: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4147:Kalika Purana 4143: 4142: 4137: 4136: 4135:Devi Mahatmya 4131: 4127: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3991:in which the 3990: 3987:) is a major 3985: 3979: 3970: 3964: 3928: 3917: 3912: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3857: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3789:Hindu culture 3787: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3760: 3755: 3754: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3741:Organisations 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3465:Yoga Vasistha 3462: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3430:Natya Shastra 3427: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3367:Brahma Sutras 3364: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3313:Sthapatyaveda 3310: 3308: 3307: 3306:Gandharvaveda 3303: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3267:Varaha Purana 3264: 3262: 3261: 3260:Skanda Purana 3257: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3197:Brahma Purana 3194: 3192: 3191: 3190:Garuda Purana 3187: 3185: 3184: 3183:Matsya Purana 3180: 3178: 3177: 3176:Vāmana Purana 3173: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3148:Vishnu Purana 3145: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3092:Bhagavad Gita 3089: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2924: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2675:Radhakrishnan 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2655:Narayana Guru 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2635:Jaggi Vasudev 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2625:Chinmayananda 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2486:Ramprasad Sen 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2336:Gorakshanatha 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2276:Allama Prabhu 2274: 2272: 2271:Akka Mahadevi 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2261:Abhinavagupta 2259: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2210:Prashastapada 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2070:Other schools 2068: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2046:Shuddhadvaita 2043: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1727:Kalaripayattu 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1662:Bharatanatyam 1660: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1541:Nritta-Nritya 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1000: 999: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 972: 966: 965: 962: 959: 957: 954: 953: 947: 946: 943: 938: 937: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 866: 863: 860: 859: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 799: 797: 793: 792: 788: 784: 779: 778: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 757: 753: 752: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 735: 731: 727: 726: 723: 718: 717: 709: 708: 703: 702: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 674: 673: 670: 665: 664: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 643: 642: 641: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 601: 598: 597: 595: 587: 586: 581: 578: 576: 573: 572: 571: 570: 566: 562: 561: 558: 555: 554: 550: 546: 545: 535: 530: 528: 523: 521: 516: 515: 513: 512: 509: 499: 498: 491: 488: 487: 481: 480: 473: 472:Shakta pithas 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 433: 432: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 396: 390: 389: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 371:Ramprasad Sen 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 353: 350: 345: 344: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 310: 309: 305: 304:Dakshinachara 302: 300: 297: 296: 293: 290: 289: 282: 281: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 263:Annada Mangal 261: 259: 256: 255: 252: 249: 248: 244: 243:Kalika Purana 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 202: 199: 195: 192: 191: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 178: 173: 172: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 116: 113: 111: 107: 106: 103: 98: 97: 92: 89: 88: 87: 86: 82: 78: 77: 74: 71: 70: 66: 62: 61: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 13874:Architecture 13477:Brahmacharya 13419:Samavartanam 13384:Annaprashana 13250: 13153: 12954: 12908:Dharmaśāstra 12898:Arthashastra 12733:Maitrayaniya 12565: 12558: 12551: 12473:Brahmacharya 12181: 12134:Siddhidhatri 12056:Chhinnamasta 11953: 11862: 11814: 11796: 11792: 11763: 11759: 11746: 11742: 11715:. Retrieved 11711:the original 11706: 11690:. Retrieved 11686:the original 11669:. Retrieved 11665:the original 11660: 11644:. Retrieved 11640:the original 11635: 11620:. Retrieved 11616:the original 11611: 11608:"kalimandir" 11596:. Retrieved 11592:the original 11587: 11572:. Retrieved 11568:the original 11563: 11548:. Retrieved 11544:the original 11539: 11524:. Retrieved 11520:the original 11515: 11500:. Retrieved 11496:the original 11491: 11476:. Retrieved 11472:the original 11467: 11464:"Durga Puja" 11452:. Retrieved 11448:the original 11443: 11428:. Retrieved 11412:. Retrieved 11408:the original 11396:the original 11384:the original 11368:. Retrieved 11364:the original 11359: 11344:. Retrieved 11340:the original 11335: 11313:. Retrieved 11301: 11298:"Durga Puja" 11288: 11269: 11260: 11241: 11222: 11202: 11198: 11179: 11159: 11149: 11145: 11127:the original 11122: 11092: 11072: 11052: 11032: 11013: 10994: 10975: 10966: 10947: 10924: 10915: 10902: 10883: 10864: 10845: 10826: 10823:Rocher, Ludo 10804: 10785: 10766: 10747: 10727: 10707: 10688: 10669: 10660: 10651: 10632:. ABC-CLIO. 10629: 10610: 10599: 10580: 10560: 10543:. ABC-CLIO. 10540: 10521: 10509:. Retrieved 10502:the original 10493: 10473: 10454: 10435: 10411: 10392: 10381:the original 10372: 10352: 10332: 10317: 10298: 10279: 10270: 10251: 10232: 10213: 10194: 10175: 10153:. Retrieved 10133: 10113: 10090: 10077: 10058: 10039: 10020: 10001: 9968: 9964: 9942: 9920: 9901: 9885:. ABC-CLIO. 9882: 9863: 9844: 9824: 9804: 9783: 9764: 9760: 9740: 9720: 9700: 9679: 9659: 9648: 9626: 9605: 9585: 9566: 9547: 9528: 9515: 9505:. New York: 9500: 9489: 9470: 9451: 9432: 9412: 9392: 9369: 9346: 9333: 9320: 9311: 9284: 9277:Elsberg 2003 9272: 9260: 9253:Roberts 2011 9248: 9236: 9224: 9197: 9185: 9158: 9151:Dempsey 2006 9146: 9134: 9122: 9088: 9076: 9064: 9052: 9040: 9028: 9021:Merriam 2023 9016: 9004: 8992: 8980: 8968: 8963:, p. 5. 8956: 8944: 8932: 8920: 8908: 8896: 8889:Simoons 1998 8884: 8872: 8865:Frazier 2013 8860: 8853:Prakash 1998 8848: 8836: 8829:Shaivas 2017 8824: 8797: 8785: 8773: 8761: 8749: 8737: 8706: 8682:Kinsley 1987 8677: 8665: 8653: 8641: 8629: 8617: 8605: 8593: 8581: 8569: 8557: 8545: 8533: 8521: 8492: 8480: 8468: 8456: 8444: 8432: 8425:Kinsley 1987 8420: 8408: 8396: 8384: 8372: 8365:Kinsley 1987 8345: 8333: 8319:McDaniel n.d 8278: 8266: 8254: 8242: 8230: 8218: 8191: 8179: 8167: 8155: 8143: 8131: 8104: 8092: 8080: 8068: 8061:Kinsley 1998 8056: 8049:Kinsley 1987 8044: 8025: 8018:Kinsley 1987 8013: 8001: 7989: 7982:Kinsley 1987 7977: 7965: 7953: 7946:Kinsley 1987 7941: 7929: 7917: 7890: 7878: 7866: 7854: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7806: 7755: 7743: 7731: 7700: 7663:, p. 3. 7656: 7644: 7632: 7620: 7608: 7596: 7584: 7572: 7560: 7548: 7513: 7501: 7489: 7477: 7465: 7453: 7441: 7429: 7417: 7405: 7393: 7388:, p. 1. 7381: 7369: 7357: 7345: 7340:, p. 7. 7333: 7306: 7299:Deussen 1980 7294: 7247: 7205: 7193: 7169: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7122:Palden Lhamo 7107: 7103: 7100:Dasam Granth 7099: 7087:Dasam Granth 7085: 7083: 7071: 7057: 7038: 7034: 7031:Ajanta Caves 7024: 7020:Miranda Shaw 7013: 6997: 6986: 6980: 6972: 6971:include the 6950: 6931: 6913: 6886: 6688: 6661: 6625: 6483: 6400: 6313:2. Inference 6306:2. Inference 6297:2. Inference 6290:2. Inference 6278:Epistemology 6261:(Soul, Self) 6106:Goddess Devi 6044:as follows: 6039: 6033: 5994: 5981:as an ideal 5971:Vaishnavaite 5967: 5954: 5938: 5933: 5919: 5904: 5895: 5893: 5882: 5880: 5862: 5828: 5808: 5799:festival in 5792: 5786: 5782: 5780: 5764: 5756: 5755: 5723: 5717: 5714:Lakshmi Puja 5712: 5685: 5677: 5670:Vaishno Devi 5661: 5653: 5649: 5647: 5628: 5622: 5618: 5600: 5598: 5584: 5574: 5566: 5557: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5506: 5502: 5480: 5474: 5473:Kali in her 5461: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5411: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5352: 5348: 5346: 5332:Samayacharya 5331: 5327: 5325: 5321:Bhaskararaya 5316: 5312: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5255: 5243: 5236: 5230: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5185: 5175: 5171: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5136: 5128: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5107:Syamarahasya 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5015:Gramadevatas 5003:Ashtalakshmi 4996: 4990: 4988: 4968:Chhinnamasta 4949: 4910: 4891: 4885: 4862: 4842: 4824: 4806: 4786: 4768: 4750: 4741:Atharva Veda 4730: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4687: 4670: 4668: 4661: 4656: 4653: 4626: 4621: 4620: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4597: 4590: 4586: 4584: 4563:Bhaskararaya 4552: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4520: 4519:such as the 4510: 4508: 4468: 4463: 4449: 4404: 4399: 4391: 4389: 4380: 4371: 4365: 4361: 4359: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4314: 4307: 4277: 4270: 4260: 4252: 4240: 4238: 4214:G. R. Sharma 4202:Baghor stone 4195: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4123: 4094: 4081:as an ideal 4071:Vaishnavaite 4060: 4056:Gramadevatas 4018:. After the 4001: 3997:metaphysical 3926: 3925: 3848: / 3844: / 3840: / 3836: / 3834:and Buddhism 3832: / 3796:Architecture 3759:Other topics 3697: 3680: 3652:Four varnas: 3651: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3531: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3442: 3437:Panchatantra 3435: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3400: 3393: 3388:Nyāya Sūtras 3386: 3379: 3372: 3365: 3358: 3351: 3346:Artha Śastra 3344: 3337: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3290: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3253:Kūrma Purana 3251: 3246:Linga Purana 3244: 3239:Shiva Purana 3237: 3230: 3225:Padma Purana 3223: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3160: 3153: 3146: 3123: 3116: 3101:s (Hinduism) 3098: 3090: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3011:Atharvaveda: 3010: 3001: 2994: 2987: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2950: 2943: 2936: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2875: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2845: 2725:Shraddhanand 2700:Ravi Shankar 2680:R. D. Ranade 2541:Śyāma Śastri 2536:Swaminarayan 2496:Rupa Goswami 2406:Morya Gosavi 2366:Jiva Goswami 2266:Adi Shankara 2092:Pratyabhijña 2058: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2030: 2023: 2016: 1823:Samavartanam 1803:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1788:Annaprashana 1712:Dandiya Raas 1687:Mohiniyattam 1580:Nididhyāsana 1385:Epistemology 1317:Brahmacharya 1197:Ātman (self) 1160: 1104:Brahmacharya 1033:Saccidānanda 985:Panchikarana 861: 794: 785: / 781:Other major 705: 687: 639: 638: 593: 452:Lakshmi Puja 414:Panchamakara 361:Bhaskararaya 311: 292:Vidya margam 291: 250: 108: 72: 29: 13923:WikiProject 13795:Persecution 13783:Nationalism 13773:Iconography 13653:Ratha Yatra 13564:Janmashtami 13559:Rama Navami 13487:Vanaprastha 13438:Varnashrama 13414:Ritushuddhi 13399:Vidyarambha 13389:Chudakarana 13379:Nishkramana 13354:Garbhadhana 12995:Thirukkural 12990:Thiruppugal 12918:Nāradasmṛti 12881:Mahabharata 12659:Atharvaveda 12537:Vaisheshika 12424:Puruṣārthas 12177:Mahalakshmi 12094:Shailaputri 12076:Kamalatmika 12066:Bagalamukhi 11550:13 December 11430:1 September 11414:1 September 11370:21 December 11346:21 December 11205:(1): 1–38. 10827:The Puranas 10807:. Concept. 10511:13 December 10235:. Lantern. 9349:. Chicago: 9298:Works cited 9202:Saxena 2012 9069:Lipner 2009 9045:Odisha 2018 9033:Zeidan 2024 8985:Prasad 2008 8913:Grimes 1996 8622:Harlan 1992 8610:Harlan 1992 8586:Harlan 2003 8526:Fuller 2004 8514:Fuller 2004 8437:Diwali 2007 8401:Wadley 2004 8300:Brooks 1990 8259:Brooks 1992 8247:Brooks 1992 8235:Brooks 1990 8223:Brooks 1992 8136:Samuel 2010 8124:Brooks 1990 8097:Brooks 1990 8085:Sharma 2000 7835:Brooks 1992 7724:Rocher 1986 7676:Brooks 1990 7649:Brooks 1990 7637:Brooks 1990 7625:Brooks 1990 7613:Brooks 1990 7470:Saxena 2012 7362:Coburn 1991 7350:Rocher 1986 7338:Coburn 2002 7326:Saxena 2012 6973:Kali Mandir 6690:Manasarovar 6663:Kanyakumari 6440:Uttarakhand 6404:West Bengal 6364:Jivanmukta, 6354:Soteriology 6251:Metaphysics 6146:Significant 6140:Key concept 6073:References 5987:Vaishnavism 5911:Samaleswari 5758:Jagaddhatri 5639:Mahishasura 5613:, forms of 5569:Ramakrishna 5357:West Bengal 5351:(Family of 5336:brahmanical 5190:(family of 5174:(family of 5168:South India 5162:(family of 5103:Tararahasya 5080:Kali Tantra 4976:Bagalamukhi 4907:, Indonesia 4602:, like the 4521:Devi Purana 4458:schools of 4317:Mahabharata 4247:Devi Suktam 4087:Vaishnavism 3842:and Judaism 3838:and Sikhism 3806:Iconography 3731:Nationalism 3724:Persecution 3508:Shiva Stuti 3402:Yoga Sutras 3232:Agni Purana 3134:Other texts 3125:Mahabharata 2868:Atharvaveda 2765:Vivekananda 2690:Rama Tirtha 2685:Ramakrishna 2660:Nigamananda 2650:Mahesh Yogi 2526:Sripadaraja 2516:Siddheshwar 2411:Mukundarāja 2391:Madhusūdana 2381:Kanaka Dasa 2301:Chakradhara 2245:Yajnavalkya 2235:Vishvamitra 2104:Pancharatra 2002:Vaisheshika 1958:Ratha Yatra 1906:Janmashtami 1901:Rama Navami 1818:Ritushuddhi 1793:Chudakarana 1783:Nishkramana 1753:Garbhadhana 1722:Pandav Lila 1631:Bhakti yoga 1516:Prāyaścitta 1287:Niti śastra 1135:Bhakti yoga 1114:Vānaprastha 929:Vishvakarma 862:Post-Vedic: 698:Vaishnavism 640:Traditional 376:Ramakrishna 336:Kubjikamata 313:Kula margam 251:other texts 13938:Categories 13624:Kumbh Mela 13592:Gudi Padwa 13537:Durga Puja 13522:Shivaratri 13394:Karnavedha 13374:Namakarana 13336:Tirthatana 13103:Dattatreya 12940:Subhashita 12913:Manusmriti 12790:Dhanurveda 12723:Taittiriya 12708:Kaushitaki 12695:Upanishads 12468:Aparigraha 12370:Philosophy 12167:Taratarini 12114:Skandamata 11988:Maheshvari 11939:Bhadrakali 11799:(1): 1–18. 11671:22 October 11646:13 October 11632:"SriVidya" 11622:13 October 11598:28 January 11526:22 October 11502:22 October 11478:22 October 11454:18 October 11315:4 February 10916:Sri Chakra 10905:. Mumbai: 10261:8120829530 9550:. Rodopi. 9461:0791404463 9372:. Albany: 9178:Dalal 2010 9057:Flood 2008 8973:Skoog 1996 8925:Flood 1996 8817:Flood 1996 8754:Gupta 2013 8730:Gonda 1970 8658:White 2003 8473:Dalal 2010 8271:White 2003 7910:Flood 1996 7859:Brown 1998 7799:Brown 1998 7775:Brown 1990 7748:Brown 1998 7736:Brown 1998 7693:Urban 1997 7601:Brown 1998 7553:Dalal 2014 7494:Yadav 2001 7482:Brown 1991 7458:Brown 1991 7240:Brown 1998 7210:Singh 2018 7181:References 6452:Vaishnavas 6397:Demography 6328:Philosophy 6171:Recommends 6165:Recommends 6100:God Vishnu 6011:Maheshvari 5917:, Orissa. 5907:Bali Jatra 5867:or a male 5672:temple in 5611:Navadurgas 5520:Durga Puja 5437:Mahavidyas 5317:Kaulachara 5286:paramparas 5269:Sri Chakra 5258:Sri Chakra 5238:Sri Chakra 5225:Sri Chakra 5210:Tamil Nadu 5197:sampradaya 5170:, and the 5125:Vidyāpīṭha 5115:Tantrasara 5007:Navadurgas 4952:Mahavidyas 4931:, various 4893:ishta-devi 4703:anthology 4677:school of 4535:(from the 4505:Scriptures 4304:Upanishads 4180:Durga puja 4111:Maheshvari 4022:, various 3682:Varna-less 3554:Tiruppukal 3515:Vayu Stuti 3479:Panchadasi 3472:Swara yoga 3360:Kama Sutra 3299:Dhanurveda 2959:Taittiriya 2937:Yajurveda: 2929:Kaushitaki 2906:Upanishads 2898:Upanishads 2822:Scriptures 2670:Prabhupada 2586:Vidyaranya 2471:Ram Charan 2446:Prabhākara 2361:Jayatīrtha 2311:Dadu Dayal 2306:Chāngadeva 2165:Bharadwaja 2155:Ashtavakra 1921:Kumbh Mela 1869:Durga Puja 1798:Karnavedha 1778:Nāmakaraṇa 1707:Yakshagana 1636:Karma yoga 1626:Jnana yoga 1621:Hatha yoga 1558:Meditation 1531:Tirthadana 1312:Aparigraha 1168:Paramātman 1153:Liberation 1145:Karma yoga 1140:Jnana yoga 869:Dattatreya 669:Traditions 594:Historical 447:Durga Puja 268:Ramprasadi 13847:Theosophy 13778:Mythology 13758:Criticism 13726:Etymology 13684:Svādhyāya 13583:New Year 13532:Navaratri 13504:Festivals 13482:Grihastha 13455:Kshatriya 13429:Antyeshti 13404:Upanayana 13369:Jatakarma 13359:Pumsavana 13346:Sanskaras 13311:Naivedhya 13265:Practices 13210:Mahavidya 13178:Saraswati 13165:Goddesses 13123:Kartikeya 13020:Athichudi 12975:Tirumurai 12828:Vyākaraṇa 12795:Natyaveda 12743:Chandogya 12668:Divisions 12649:Yajurveda 12129:Mahagauri 12124:Kalaratri 12119:Katyayani 12109:Kushmanda 12086:Navadurga 12061:Dhumavati 12023:Mahavidya 11998:Vaishnavi 11927:Navadurga 11897:Saraswati 11717:13 August 11692:13 August 11661:The Hindu 11536:"Shaivas" 11114:(2014) . 9993:162925746 9518:. Delhi: 9241:Keul 2012 9190:Keul 2012 8550:Lang 2009 7958:Kali 2003 7518:Vive 2021 7434:108u 2022 7422:Duaj 2022 7410:Duvm 2023 7398:Dura 2016 7186:Citations 7016:Vajrayana 7000:feminists 6965:Australia 6420:Jharkhand 6350:Salvation 6223:Free will 6178:Rituals, 6103:God Shiva 6007:Vaishnavi 5950:Gilgamesh 5926:Rajasthan 5915:Sambalpur 5805:Meenakshi 5774:, during 5732:Kali Puja 5724:Deepavali 5643:Sarasvati 5602:Navaratri 5595:Navaratri 5589:Navaratri 5581:Festivals 5516:Kali Puja 5298:vamamarga 5278:srichakra 5214:Sri Lanka 5139:Kulamārga 5133:Kulamārga 5011:Navaratri 4972:Dhumavati 4941:Mahavidya 4905:Prambanan 4688:Devi Gita 4671:Devi Gita 4657:Devi Gita 4610:Devi Gita 4600:Devi Gita 4592:Devi Gita 4581:Devi Gita 4462:, called 4408:Ardhanari 4321:Harivamsa 4292:Prajapati 4154:like the 4107:Vaishnavi 4067:Kulamārga 4044:Saraswati 4032:Mahavidya 3978:romanized 3856:Criticism 3850:and Islam 3811:Mythology 3664:Kshatriya 3596:Athichudi 3533:Tirumurai 3451:Tirumurai 3060:Vyākaraṇa 2996:Chandogya 2988:Samaveda: 2876:Divisions 2854:Yajurveda 2814:Ātmatuṣṭi 2770:Yogananda 2745:Trailanga 2740:Sivananda 2605:Aurobindo 2591:Vyasaraja 2556:Tyagaraja 2506:Sankardev 2476:Ramananda 2371:Jñāneśvar 2346:Harivansh 2331:Gaudapada 2291:Chaitanya 2230:Vashistha 2200:Patanjali 2180:Jamadagni 2099:Vaishnava 2087:Pashupata 1864:Navaratri 1841:Festivals 1808:Upanayana 1773:Jatakarma 1758:Pumsavana 1677:Kuchipudi 1672:Kathakali 1641:Rāja yoga 1575:Samādhāna 1456:Prarthana 1430:Practices 1357:Svādhyāya 961:Mythology 956:Cosmology 949:Worldview 894:Kartikeya 825:Prajapati 764:Saraswati 457:Kali Puja 442:Navaratri 409:Kundalini 393:Practices 326:Kalikulam 299:Vamachara 164:Saraswati 139:Mahavidya 112:(Supreme) 42:Vaishnavi 13944:Shaktism 13903:Category 13854:Glossary 13822:Buddhism 13788:Hindutva 13748:Calendar 13629:Haridwar 13607:Vaisakhi 13602:Puthandu 13492:Sannyasa 13409:Keshanta 13240:Shashthi 13076:Trimurti 12903:Nitisara 12876:Ramayana 12871:Itihasas 12843:Jyotisha 12785:Ayurveda 12777:Upavedas 12758:Mandukya 12703:Aitareya 12685:Aranyaka 12680:Brahmana 12654:Samaveda 12579:Charvaka 12379:Concepts 12360:Timeline 12352:Glossary 12335:Hinduism 12283:Hinduism 12162:Kamakhya 12157:Kalighat 12051:Bhairavi 12013:Chamunda 11983:Brahmani 11975:Matrikas 11934:Mahakali 11892:Mahadevi 11863:Shaktism 11811:Shaktism 11574:10 March 11560:"Hindus" 11488:"Diwali" 11440:"Shakta" 11325:Websites 11309:Archived 11221:(2004). 10825:(1986). 10650:(2000). 10165:Archived 10155:10 March 10149:Archived 10088:(2014). 8997:Pew 2012 8766:Eng 2008 7994:Ooi 2004 7374:Viv 2021 7116:See also 7010:Buddhism 6988:Srividya 6957:Americas 6933:Guwahati 6627:Jwala Ji 6212:Optional 6193:Optional 6157:Monastic 6042:Smartism 5991:Shaivism 5930:Navratri 5896:en masse 5619:Dusshera 5562:shamanic 5540:Ugratara 5495:Tarapith 5491:Calcutta 5487:Kalighat 5389:Kalikula 5381:Chamunda 5349:Kalikula 5273:Sri Meru 5265:Sri Meru 5233:Srividya 5172:Kalikula 5143:Kāpālika 4964:Bhairavi 4945:pantheon 4937:Buddhist 4913:Yogamaya 4872:Rigveda 4837:Unknown 4834:Rigveda 4664:, Book 7 4396:states: 4384:Mahadevi 4354:Theology 4264:— 4242:Rig Veda 4091:Shaivism 4040:Mahadevi 4036:pantheon 4028:Buddhist 3969:Sanskrit 3927:Shaktism 3869:Glossary 3801:Calendar 3736:Hindutva 3659:Brahmana 3330:samhitas 3322:Shastras 3292:Ayurveda 3283:Upavedas 3118:Ramayana 3109:Itihasas 3075:Jyotisha 3042:Vedangas 3026:Mandukya 2922:Aitareya 2914:Rigveda: 2893:Aranyaka 2888:Brahmana 2861:Samaveda 2576:Valluvar 2571:Vallabha 2551:Tulsidas 2481:Ramanuja 2431:Nayanars 2416:Namadeva 2253:Medieval 2195:Kashyapa 2111:Charvaka 2082:Kapalika 1946:Puthandu 1936:Vaisakhi 1833:Antyesti 1813:Keshanta 1737:Adimurai 1732:Silambam 1697:Sattriya 1682:Manipuri 1367:Mitahara 1347:Santosha 1307:Achourya 1119:Sannyasa 1109:Gṛhastha 968:Ontology 942:Concepts 730:Trimurti 693:Smartism 688:Shaktism 683:Shaivism 557:Hinduism 549:a series 547:Part of 349:Scholars 321:Srikulam 154:Matrikas 110:Mahadevi 73:Shaktism 65:a series 63:Part of 54:Chamunda 38:Matrikas 13892:Outline 13842:Sikhism 13837:Judaism 13832:Jainism 13713:Related 13689:Namaste 13542:Ramlila 13472:Ashrama 13460:Vaishya 13450:Brahmin 13273:Worship 13225:Rukmini 13215:Matrika 13188:Parvati 13183:Lakshmi 13173:Tridevi 13128:Krishna 13113:Hanuman 13108:Ganesha 13059:Deities 12945:Tantras 12935:Stotras 12888:Puranas 12833:Nirukta 12823:Chandas 12818:Shiksha 12810:Vedanga 12763:Prashna 12753:Mundaka 12675:Samhita 12644:Rigveda 12575:Nāstika 12560:Advaita 12547:Vedanta 12542:Mīmāṃsā 12522:Samkhya 12510:Schools 12498:Akrodha 12417:Saṃsāra 12397:Ishvara 12387:Brahman 12183:More... 12071:Matangi 12008:Indrani 11993:Kaumari 11907:Parvati 11902:Lakshmi 11874:History 11813:at the 11780:1463045 11707:CNN.com 9985:1062467 7128:Tridevi 7080:Sikhism 7074:Jainism 7068:Jainism 7059:Matrika 7004:New Age 6915:Kolkata 6444:Gujarat 6424:Tripura 6343:Advaita 6339:Samkhya 6283:Pramana 6255:Brahman 6244:Affirms 6241:Affirms 6238:Affirms 6235:Affirms 6206:Affirms 6190:Affirms 6187:Affirms 6184:Affirms 6168:Accepts 6162:Accepts 6116:Creator 6023:Parvati 6015:Lakshmi 5979:Krishna 5934:Kuldevi 5801:Madurai 5776:Ganesha 5743:gopuram 5666:Ashadha 5658:Chaitra 5558:tantric 5548:sadhana 5524:mantras 5442:Kaumari 5188:Srikula 5160:Srikula 5153:Worship 5072:tantras 4998:Yoginis 4980:Matangi 4917:Gayatri 4797:Rigveda 4701:Muktikā 4675:Samkhya 4541:). The 4452:Samkhya 4296:Purusha 4269:Sukta, 4256:Brahman 4079:Krishna 4063:tantric 4048:Lakshmi 4012:Parvati 3993:godhead 3980:: 3874:Outline 3669:Vaishya 3637:Society 3488:Stotras 3139:Puranas 3065:Nirukta 3055:Chandas 3050:Shiksha 3033:Prashna 3019:Mundaka 2883:Samhita 2847:Rigveda 2710:Samarth 2546:Tukaram 2491:Ravidas 2225:Valmiki 2175:Jaimini 2145:Angiras 2140:Agastya 2132:Ancient 2018:Advaita 2012:Vedanta 2007:Mīmāṃsā 1987:Samkhya 1874:Ramlila 1616:Sādhanā 1506:Tarpana 1491:Kīrtana 1486:Bhajana 1437:Worship 1362:Shaucha 1337:Akrodha 1183:Saṃsāra 1047:Ishvara 1016:Nirguna 1011:Brahman 975:Tattvas 899:Krishna 884:Hanuman 879:Ganesha 815:Chandra 810:Ashvins 774:Parvati 769:Lakshmi 756:Tridevi 722:Deities 629:Śramaṇa 609:History 590:Origins 580:History 285:Schools 216:Tripura 189:Tantras 159:Lakshmi 129:Parvati 102:Deities 91:History 50:Indrani 13913:Portal 13817:Baháʼí 13721:Hindus 13699:Tilaka 13668:Others 13644:Ujjain 13639:Prayag 13634:Nashik 13574:Pongal 13512:Diwali 13465:Shudra 13424:Vivaha 13331:Dhyāna 13306:Bhajan 13296:Bhakti 13281:Temple 13235:Shakti 13143:Varuna 13086:Vishnu 13081:Brahma 12930:Sutras 12866:Agamas 12622:Smriti 12553:Dvaita 12518:Āstika 12463:Asteya 12458:Ahimsa 12444:Moksha 12429:Dharma 12342:topics 12288:Tantra 12152:Bimala 12003:Varahi 11917:Shakti 11778: 11276: 11248: 11229: 11186: 11167: 11100: 11079: 11060: 11039: 11020: 11001: 10982: 10954: 10935: 10890: 10871: 10852: 10833: 10811: 10792: 10773: 10754: 10735: 10714: 10695: 10676: 10636: 10617: 10587: 10568: 10547: 10528: 10480: 10461: 10442: 10423: 10415:Chaṇḍī 10399: 10359: 10340: 10305: 10286: 10258: 10239: 10220: 10201: 10182: 10141: 10120: 10101: 10065: 10046: 10027: 10008: 9991: 9983: 9949: 9927: 9908: 9889: 9870: 9851: 9832: 9811: 9792: 9748: 9727: 9708: 9687: 9666: 9634: 9613: 9592: 9573: 9554: 9535: 9477: 9458: 9439: 9420: 9399: 9380: 9357: 7096:Chandi 6979:; and 6961:Europe 6955:, the 6448:castes 6428:Punjab 6416:Odisha 6367:Charya 6201:Ahimsa 6180:Bhakti 6136:Avatar 6119:Vishnu 5999:Vishnu 5995:shakti 5942:Renuka 5922:Rajput 5876:tantra 5857:India. 5791:. The 5728:Kartik 5719:Diwali 5709:Diwali 5682:Varahi 5635:Bengal 5607:Sharad 5528:yantra 5503:bhakti 5457:Śītalā 5447:Manasa 5424:Bheema 5419:Chandi 5398:moksha 5385:Chandi 5377:Kerala 5369:Odisha 5328:Samaya 5303:Samaya 5261:yantra 5206:Kerala 5060:diksha 5034:yantra 5028:mantra 4984:Kamala 4982:, and 4923:, and 4888:Shakti 4567:Tantra 4559:bhasya 4551:, the 4529:, the 4487:bhakti 4362:powers 4342:. 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