Wilfrid - Knowledge

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of him that "Wilfrid's character was such that he seems to have been able to attract and infuriate in equal measure". His contemporary, Bede, although a partisan of the Roman dating of Easter, was a monk and always treats Wilfrid a little uneasily, showing some concern about how Wilfrid conducted himself as a clergyman and as a bishop. The historian Eric John feels that it was Wilfrid's devotion to monasticism that led him to believe that the only way for the Church to be improved was through monasticism. John traces Wilfrid's many appeals to Rome to his motivation to hold together his monastic empire, rather than to self-interest. John also challenges the belief that Wilfrid was fond of pomp, pointing out that the comparison between the Irish missionaries who walked and Wilfrid who rode ignores the reality that the quickest method of travel in the Middle Ages was on horseback.

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Benedictine monasticism, and regarded it as a tool in his efforts to "root out the poisonous weeds planted by the Scots". He built at Ripon and Hexham, and lived a majestic lifestyle. As a result of his various exiles, he founded monastic communities that were widely scattered over the British Isles, over which he kept control until his death. These monastic foundations, especially Hexham, contributed to the blending of the Gaelic and Roman strains of Christianity in Northumbria, which inspired a great surge of learning and missionary activity; Bede and Alcuin were among the scholars who emerged from Northumbrian monasteries influenced by Wilfrid. Missionaries inspired by his example went from Northumbria to the continent, where they converted pagans in Germany and elsewhere.

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support for the "Celtic" method of dating Easter, and thus he could not serve alongside them. Another possible problem for Wilfrid was that the three new bishops did not come from Wilfrid's monastic houses nor from the communities where the bishops' seats were based. This was contrary to the custom of the time, which was to promote bishoprics from within the locality. Wilfrid's deposition became tangled up in a dispute over whether or not the Gregorian plan for Britain, with two metropolitan sees, the northern one set at York, would be followed through or abandoned. Wilfrid seems to have felt that he had metropolitan authority over the northern part of England, but Theodore never acknowledged that claim, instead claiming authority over the whole of the island of Britain.

1036:. When Theodore, the newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, arrived in England in 669 it was clear that something had to be done about the situation in Northumbria. Ceadda's election to York was improper, and Theodore did not consider Ceadda's consecration to have been valid. Consequently, Theodore deposed Ceadda, leaving the way open for Wilfrid, who was finally installed in his see in 669, the first Saxon to occupy the see of York. Wilfrid spent the next nine years building churches, including at the monastery at Hexham, and attending to diocesan business. He continued to exercise control over his monastic houses of Ripon and Hexham while he was bishop. Oswiu's death on 15 February 670 eliminated a source of friction and helped to assure Wilfrid's return. 1631:, where he lived until his death during a visit to Oundle, at the age of 75. A little over a year before his death in either 709 or 710 Wilfrid suffered another stroke or seizure, which led him to make arrangements for the disposition of his monasteries and possessions. He was buried near the altar of his church in Ripon. Bede records the epitaph that was placed on the tomb. Wilfrid was succeeded at Hexham by Acca of Hexham, a protégé who had accompanied him to Rome in 703. The monastery at Ripon celebrated the first anniversary of Wilfrid's death with a commemoration service attended by all the abbots of his monasteries and a spectacular white arc was said to have appeared in the sky starting from the gables of the basilica where his bones were laid to rest. 1652: 1525: 950:. Bede says that Alhfrith alone nominated Wilfrid, and that Oswiu subsequently proposed an alternative candidate, "imitating the actions of his son". Several theories have been suggested to explain the discrepancies between the two sources. One is that Alhfrith wished the seat to be at York, another is that Wilfrid was bishop only in Deira, a third supposes that Wilfrid was never bishop at York and that his diocese was only part of Deira. At that time the Anglo-Saxon dioceses were not strictly speaking geographical designations, rather they were bishoprics for the tribes or peoples. 1292: 1752:, another modern historian, says that Wilfrid was "the greatest papal enthusiast of the century". James Campbell, a historian specialising in the Anglo-Saxon period, said of him "He was certainly one of the greatest ecclesiastics of his day. Ascetic, deemed a saint by some, the founder of several monasteries according to the rule of St Benedict, he established Christianity in Sussex and attempted to do so in Frisia. At the same time, his life and conduct were in some respects like those of a great Anglo-Saxon nobleman." 866:. Although Oswiu himself had been brought up in the "Celtic" tradition, political pressures may have influenced his decision to call a council, as well as fears that if dissent over the date of Easter continued in the Northumbrian church it could lead to internal strife. The historian Richard Abels speculates that the expulsion of Eata from Ripon may have been the spark that led to the king's decision to call the council. Regional tensions within Northumbria between the two traditional divisions, 10745: 1516:. Historian D. P. Kirby regards Wilfrid's championing of Oswald as being a contributing factor in Wilfrid's expulsion from York in 678. Kirby believes that Ecgfrith felt Wilfrid was promoting Oswald's branch of the Northumbrian royal family over his own. One of Wilfrid's protégés, Willibrord, became a missionary to the Frisians in 695, perhaps inspired by Wilfrid's example. Willibrord may have felt it expedient to leave Northumbria, where he was known as one of Wilfrid's followers. 712: 926: 1720:, preserved the relics at Ripon and restored the community there to care for them. The two differing accounts are not easily reconciled, but it is possible that Oswald collected secondary relics that had been overlooked by his uncle and installed those at Ripon. The relics that were held at Canterbury were originally placed in the High Altar in 948, but after the fire at Canterbury Cathedral in 1067, Wilfrid's relics were placed in their own shrine. 1307:, given to Wilfrid by Æthelwealh, king of the South Saxons. Bede attributes Wilfrid's ability to convert the South Saxons to his teaching them how to fish, and contrasts it with the lack of success of the Irish monk Dicuill. Bede also says that the Sussex area had been experiencing a drought for three years before Wilfrid's arrival, but miraculously when Wilfrid arrived, and started baptising converts, rain began to fall. Wilfrid worked with Bishop 1017: 752:, although this does not appear to mean that he became a monk, merely that he entered the clergy. Bede is silent on the subject of Wilfrid's monastic status, although Wilfrid probably became a monk during his time in Rome, or afterwards while he was in Gaul. Some historians, however, believe that Wilfrid was never a monk. While in Gaul, Wilfrid absorbed Frankish ecclesiastical practices, including some aspects from the monasteries founded by 541:, a group of Roman missionaries who arrived in Kent in 597 and who mainly influenced southern Britain. Others had been converted by the Hiberno-Scottish mission, chiefly Irish missionaries working in Northumbria and neighbouring kingdoms. A few kingdoms, such as Dál Riata, became Christian but how they did so is unknown. The native Picts, according to the medieval writer Bede, were converted in two stages, initially by native Britons under 10826: 10757: 1246:, disliked Wilfrid. He wintered in Frisia, avoiding the diplomatic efforts of Ebroin, who according to Stephen attempted to have Wilfrid killed. During his stay, Wilfrid attempted to convert the Frisians, who were still pagan at that time. Wilfrid's biographer says that most of the nobles converted, but the success was short-lived. After Frisia, he stopped at the court of Dagobert II in Austrasia, where the king offered Wilfrid the 10733: 10781: 10809: 1188:, which, when Ecgfrith remarried, his new queen wanted to recover. The historian Eric John feels that Wilfrid's close ties with the Mercian kingdom also contributed to his troubles with Egfrith, although John points out that these ties were necessary for Wilfrid's monastic foundations, some of which were in Mercia. Wilfrid not only lost his diocese, he lost control of his monasteries as well. 10769: 1316:. Wilfrid previously had contact with Cædwalla, and may have served as his spiritual advisor before Cædwalla's invasion of Sussex. After Æthelwealh's death and Cædwalla's accession to the throne of Wessex, Wilfrid became one of the new king's advisors, and the king was converted. Cædwalla confirmed Æthelwealh's grant of land in the Selsey area and Wilfrid built his 1937:

24 April 710, however, was a Thursday, and is likely to be Wilfrid's death date. A complication is the fact that the October date is the more common commemoration date, but the April date is the one first associated with Wilfrid's cult, appearing in 7th- and 8th-century saints calendars. The October date probably arose because the April date conflicted with

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consecrating new churches. Some of the monasteries in his diocese were put under his protection by their abbots or abbesses, who were seeking someone to help protect their endowments. In ruling over such monasteries, Wilfrid may have been influenced by the Irish model of a group of monasteries all ruled by one person, sometimes while holding episcopal office.

1335:, which was still pagan, with the aim of converting the inhabitants. The king also gave Wilfrid a quarter of the land on the island as a gift. In 688, the king relinquished his throne and went on a pilgrimage to Rome to be baptised, but died shortly after the ceremony. Wilfrid was probably influential in Cædwalla's decision to be baptised in Rome. 352:, to allow Wilfrid's return. Aldfrith agreed to do so, but in 691 he expelled Wilfrid again. Wilfrid went to Mercia, where he helped missionaries and acted as bishop for the Mercian king. Wilfrid appealed to the papacy about his expulsion in 700, and the pope ordered that an English council should be held to decide the issue. This council, held at 1556:. At his monasteries and dioceses he built churches in a style akin to that of the continent and Rome, travelling between them with a large entourage of up to 120 followers. He made many contacts and friends, not only in Northumbria and the other English kingdoms, but also in Gaul, Frisia, and Italy. Nobles sent their sons to him for 782:, Oswiu's son, as a cleric well-versed in Roman customs and liturgy. Alhfrith was a sub-king of Deiria under his father's rule, and the most likely heir to his father's throne as his half-brothers were still young. Shortly before 664 Alhfrith gave Wilfrid a monastery he had recently founded at Ripon, formed around a group of monks from 1478:. Once Osred was secure on the throne Wilfrid was restored to Ripon and Hexham in 706. When Bosa of York died, Wilfrid did not contest the decision to appoint John of Beverley to York. This appointment meant John's transfer from Hexham, leaving Wilfrid free to perform episcopal functions at Hexham, which he did until his death. 1365:, king of Mercia and the Abbess of Whitby, Ælfflæd, suggesting that an agreement be made allowing Wilfrid's return to Northumbria. Aldfrith agreed, Wilfrid returned to the north, and Bosa was removed from York. Wilfrid did not recover the whole of his previous bishopric however, as Hexham and Lindisfarne remained separate sees. 1638:, was written by Stephen of Ripon, a monk of Ripon. The first version appeared in about 715 followed by a later revision in the 730s, the first biography written by a contemporary to appear in England. It was commissioned by two of Wilfrid's followers, Acca of Hexham, and the Abbot of Ripon, Tatbert. Stephen's 980:

Wilfrid's return, suspecting Wilfrid of supporting his rivals. That Ceadda was supported by Oswiu, and Wilfrid had been a supporter of Oswiu's son, lends further credence to the theory that Alhfrith's rebellion took place while Wilfrid was in Gaul. Stephen of Ripon reported that Wilfrid was expelled by "

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spoke Greek, and his biographer noted that Wilfrid was displeased when the pope discussed the appeal with advisers in a language Wilfrid could not understand. The pope also ordered another council to be held in Britain to decide the issue, and ordered the attendance of Bosa, Berhtwald and Wilfrid. On

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Wilfrid returned to England after the council via Gaul. According to Stephen of Ripon, after the death of Dagobert II, Ebroin wished to imprison Wilfrid, but Wilfrid miraculously escaped. In 680 Wilfrid returned to Northumbria and appeared before a royal council. He produced the papal decree ordering

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thought that one reason Wilfrid secured the mostly favourable outcome was that Agatho wished for Wilfrid's support and testimony that the English Church was free of the monothelete heresy. Although Wilfrid did not win a complete victory, he did secure a papal decree limiting the number of dioceses in

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held a synod in October 679, which although it ordered Wilfrid's restoration and the return of the monasteries to his control, also directed that the new dioceses should be retained. Wilfrid was given the right to replace any bishop in the new dioceses to whom he objected. The council had been called

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on a pagan site. Contemporaries said of him that he was the first native bishop to "introduce the Catholic way of life to the churches of the English". He did not neglect his pastoral duties in his diocese, making visits throughout the diocese to baptise and perform other episcopal functions, such as

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Wilfrid was chosen to present the Roman position to the council; he also acted as Agilbert's interpreter, as the latter did not speak the local language. Bede describes Wilfrid as saying that those who did not calculate the date of Easter according to the Roman system were committing a sin. Wilfrid's

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is the main source of information on Wilfrid's life. It views the events in Northumbria in the light of Wilfrid's reputation and from his point of view, and is highly partisan. Another concern is that hagiographies were usually full of conventional material, often repeated from earlier saints' lives,

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says of Wilfrid at this time that he "seems to have continued a campaign against any survival of 'Irish errors' and distrusted any communities that remained in contact with Iona or other Irish religious houses which did not follow the Roman Easter". He also worked to combat pagan practices, building

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After the supporters of the Celtic dating had withdrawn following the Council of Whitby, Wilfrid became the most prominent Northumbrian cleric. As a result, and because of his performance at Whitby, Wilfrid was elected to a bishopric in Northumbria about a year after the council. It is unclear where

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in 685 came to be the strongest power in the northern half of Britain. The Irish had always had contacts with the rest of the British Isles, and during the early 6th century they emigrated from the island of Ireland to form the kingdom of Dál Riata, although exactly how much conquest took place is a

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One commentator has said that Wilfrid "came into conflict with almost every prominent secular and ecclesiastical figure of the age". Hindley, a historian of the Anglo-Saxons, states that "Wilfrid would not win his sainthood through the Christian virtue of humility". The historian Barbara Yorke said

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Wilfrid was present at the exhumation of the body of Queen Æthelthryth at Ely Abbey in 695. He had been her spiritual adviser in the 670s, and had helped the queen become a nun against the wishes of her husband King Ecgfrith of Northumbria. The queen had joined Ely Abbey, where she died in 679. The

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of Malmesbury and addressed to Wilfrid's abbots. In it, Aldhelm asks the clergymen to remember the exiled bishop "who, nourishing, teaching, reproving, raised you in fatherly love" and appealing to lay aristocratic ideals of loyalty, urges them not to abandon their superior. Neither William nor the

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In 686 Wilfrid was recalled to Northumbria after the death of Ecgfrith in battle with the Picts. During the 680s Theodore had created two more dioceses in Northumbria, at Ripon, and at Abercorn in the Pictish kingdom, but both were short-lived. After Ecgfrith's death, Theodore wrote to the new king

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was a leader in a faction of the Northumbrian church that disliked Wilfrid, and her close ties with Theodore helped to undermine Wilfrid's position in Northumbria. Another contributory factor in Wilfrid's expulsion was his encouragement of Æthelthryth's entry into a nunnery; he had personally given

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Wilfrid was criticised for dressing his household and servants in clothing fit for royalty. He was accompanied on his travels by a retinue of warriors, one of whom, while at York, Wilfrid sent to abduct a young boy who had been promised to the church but whose family had changed their mind. Wilfrid

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held out until 716. Many of the Irish monasteries did not observe the Roman Easter, but they were not isolated from the continent; by the time of Whitby the southern Irish were already observing the Roman Easter date, and Irish clergy were in contact with their continental counterparts. Those monks

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Wilfrid was a prolific founder of churches, which he then controlled until his death, and was a great fundraiser, acquiring lands and money from many of the kings he was in contact with. He was also noted for his ability to attract support from powerful women, especially queens. Queen Eanflæd, his

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held in September 672, but he did send representatives. Among the council's resolutions was one postponing a decision on the creation of new dioceses, which affected Wilfrid later. Another ruling confirmed that the Roman calculation for the date of Easter should be adopted, and that bishops should

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While at York, Wilfrid was considered the "bishop of the Northumbrian peoples"; Bede records that Wilfrid's diocese was contiguous with the area ruled by Oswiu. The diocese was restricted to north of the Humber, however. Wilfrid may also have sought to exercise some ecclesiastical functions in the

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Wilfrid was born in Northumbria around 633. James Fraser argues that Wilfrid's family were aristocrats from Deira, pointing out that most of Wilfrid's early contacts were from that area. A conflict with his stepmother when he was about 14 years old drove Wilfrid to leave home, probably without his

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Wilfrid was one of the first bishops to bring relics of saints back from Rome. The papacy was trying to prevent the removal of actual body parts from Rome, restricting collectors to things that had come in contact with the bodily remains such as dust and cloth. Wilfrid was known as an advocate of

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Wilfrid appears to have lived at Ripon, and for a time he acted as administrator of the see of Lindisfarne after Cuthbert's death in 687. In 691, the subdivision issue arose once more, along with quarrels with King Aldfrith over lands, and attempts were made to make Wilfrid either give up all his

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During his return to Northumbria Wilfrid's ship was blown ashore on the Sussex coast, the inhabitants of which were at that time pagan. On being attacked by the locals, Wilfrid's party killed the head priest before refloating their ship and making their escape. The historian Marion Gibbs suggests

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and Richard Abels theorise that it was caused by Alhfrith's unsuccessful revolt against Oswiu. They suggest that the rebellion happened shortly after Whitby, perhaps while Wilfrid was in Gaul for his consecration. Because Oswiu knew that Alhfrith had been a supporter of Wilfrid's, Oswiu prevented

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and Deira, appear to have played a part, as churchmen in Bernicia favoured the Celtic method of dating and those in Deira may have leaned towards the Roman method. Abels identifies several conflicts contributing to both the calling of the council and its outcome, including a generational conflict

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Wilfrid left Kent for Rome in the company of Benedict Biscop, another of Eanflæd's contacts. This is the first pilgrimage to Rome known to have been undertaken by English natives, and took place some time between 653 and 658. According to Wilfrid's later biographer, Stephen of Ripon, Wilfrid left

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in the town of Ripon with a parade and horse racing, a tradition which continued until at least 1908. Wilfrid is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion. He is usually depicted either as a bishop preaching and baptising or else as a robed bishop

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Both years are given as death dates in sources. The discrepancy over his death date involves the fact that two dates were associated with Wilfrid's cult, 24 April and 12 October. Stephen of Ripon expressly states that Wilfrid died on a Thursday, and neither date in 709 was a Thursday.

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at Lindsey, and Bosa at York, had all either been supporters of the "Celtic" party at Whitby, or been trained by those who were. Eata had also been ejected from Ripon by Wilfrid. The new bishops were unacceptable to Wilfrid, who claimed they were not truly members of the Church because of their

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is selective in its coverage, and gives short shrift to Wilfrid's activities outside of Northumbria. Two-thirds of the work deals with Wilfrid's attempts to return to Northumbria, and is a defence and vindication of his Northumbrian career. Stephen's work is flattering and highly favourable to

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summarises Wilfrid's life as follows: "Wilfrid left a distinctive mark on the character of the English church in the seventh century. He was not a humble man, nor, so far as we can see, was he a man greatly interested in learning, and perhaps he would have been more at home as a member of the

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The Roman churches and those in Britain and Ireland (often called "Celtic" churches) used different methods to calculate the date of Easter. The church in Northumbria had traditionally used the Celtic method, and that was the date observed by King Oswiu. His wife Eanflæd and a son, Alhfrith,

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Stephen of Ripon says that Wilfrid stayed in Lyon for three years, leaving only after the archbishop's murder. However, Annemund's murder took place in 660 and Wilfrid returned to England in 658, suggesting that Stephen's chronology is awry. Stephen says that Annemund gave Wilfrid a clerical

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became Wilfrid's patroness following his arrival at the court of her husband, King Oswiu. She sent him to study under Cudda, formerly one of her husband's retainers, but by that time in about 648 a monk on the island of Lindisfarne. The monastery on the island had recently been founded by

1438:, the new archbishop of Canterbury, and the decision of the council was that Wilfrid should be deprived of all his monasteries but Ripon, and that he should cease to perform episcopal functions. When Wilfrid continued his appeal to the papacy, his opponents had him and his supporters 1056:

claims that Wilfrid had ecclesiastical rule over Britons and Gaels. In 679, while Wilfrid was in Rome, he claimed authority over "all the northern part of Britain, Ireland and the islands, which are inhabited by English and British peoples, as well as by Gaelic and Pictish peoples".

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to a new shrine. Immediately after his death Wilfrid's body was venerated as a cult object, and miracles were alleged to have happened at the spot where the water used to wash his body was discarded. A cult grew up at Ripon after his death and remained active until 948, when King

293:, to appoint him Bishop of Northumbria. Wilfrid chose to be consecrated in Gaul because of the lack of what he considered to be validly consecrated bishops in England at that time. During Wilfrid's absence Alhfrith seems to have led an unsuccessful revolt against his father, 830:

during the time the medieval chronicler and writer Bede was a monk there. Bede hardly mentions the relationship between Ceolfrith and Wilfrid, but it was Wilfrid who consecrated Ceolfrith a priest and who gave permission for him to transfer to Wearmouth-Jarrow.

736:, the archbishop. Stephen says that Annemund wanted to marry Wilfrid to the archbishop's niece, and to make Wilfrid the governor of a Frankish province, but that Wilfrid refused and continued on his journey to Rome. There he learned the Roman method of 1607:

which he had seen on his travels. They are still extant, although the fabric of Wilfrid's churches above ground has been replaced by later structures. The churches were finished with glazed windows, made by glassmakers brought over from the continent.

756:. This influence may be seen in Wilfrid's probable adoption of a Frankish ceremony in his consecration of churches later in his life, as well as in his employment of Frankish masons to build his churches. Wilfrid would also have learned of the 360:

in 702, attempted to confiscate all of Wilfrid's possessions, and so Wilfrid travelled to Rome to appeal against the decision. His opponents in Northumbria excommunicated him, but the papacy upheld Wilfrid's side, and he regained possession of

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father's consent. Wilfrid's background is never explicitly described as noble, but the king's retainers were frequent guests at his father's house, and on leaving home Wilfrid equipped his party with horses and clothes fit for a royal court.

1117:. He also was one of the first Anglo-Saxon bishops to record the gifts of land and property to his church, which he did at Ripon. Easter tables, used to calculate the correct date to celebrate Easter, were brought in from Rome where the 1346:

as well as in other parts of Sussex, but the evidence backing this is based on the wording used in the founding charters resembling wording used by Wilfrid in other charters, not on any concrete statements that Wilfrid was involved.

1044:, as he is accorded the title "bishop of the Northumbrians and the Picts" in 669. Further proof of attempted Northumbrian influence in the Pictish regions is provided by the establishment for the Picts in 681 of a diocese centred on 1603:, similar to those of churches in Kent. 12th-century pilgrims' accounts declared that the church at Hexham rivalled those of Rome. The crypts at both Ripon and Hexham are unusual, and perhaps were intended by Wilfrid to mimic the 1470:, had been considered one of Wilfrid's friends, but after his accession to the throne he ordered Wilfrid to stay out of Northumbria. Eadwulf's reign lasted only a few months before he was expelled to make way for Aldfrith's son 1220:

Wilfrid went to Rome after his expulsion to appeal against Theodore and Ecgfrith's decisions, the first Englishman to challenge a royal or ecclesiastical decision by petitioning the papacy. On the way he stopped at the court of

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of London, helping to set up the church in Sussex. Erkenwald also helped reconcile Wilfrid and Theodore before Theodore's death in 690. The mission was jeopardised when King Æthelwealh died during an invasion of his kingdom by

1593:, whose family helped restore Hexham, credited Wilfrid as the designer of a church beautifully embellished with paintings and sculpture. It appears that the churches at Hexham and Ripon (which Wilfrid also built) were aisled 966:. During his time in Gaul Wilfrid was exposed to a higher level of ceremony than that practised in Northumbria, one example of which is that he was carried to his consecration ceremony on a throne supported by nine bishops. 974:

Wilfrid delayed his return from Gaul, only to find on his arrival back in Northumbria that Ceadda had been installed as bishop in his place. The reason for Wilfrid's delay has never been clear, although the historians

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is concerned with vindicating Wilfrid and making a case for his sainthood, and so is used with caution by historians, although it is nevertheless an invaluable source for Wilfrid's life and the history of the time.

1727:, devotion continued to be paid to Wilfrid, with 48 churches dedicated to him and relics distributed between 11 sites. During the 19th century, the feast of Wilfrid was celebrated on the Sunday following 1085:

Wilfrid was an advocate for the use of music in ecclesiastical ceremonies. He sent to Kent for a singing master to instruct his clergy in the Roman style of church music, which involved a double choir who sang in

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resolved the situation by deposing Ceadda and restoring Wilfrid as the Bishop of Northumbria. For the next nine years Wilfrid discharged his episcopal duties, founded monasteries, built churches, and improved the

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Wilfrid refused to be consecrated in Northumbria at the hands of Anglo-Saxon bishops. Deusdedit had died shortly after Whitby, and as there were no other bishops in Britain whom Wilfrid considered to have been

634:, a 12th-century Anglo-Norman writer and monk from Canterbury. This source is highly influenced by the contemporary concerns of its writer, but does attempt to provide some new material besides reworking Bede. 1013:. The historian James Fraser argues that Wilfrid may not have been allowed to return to Northumbria and instead went into exile at the Mercian court, but most historians have argued that Wilfrid was at Ripon. 1008:

Denied episcopal office, Wilfrid spent the three years from 665 to 668 as abbot of the monastery at Ripon. He occasionally performed episcopal functions in Mercia and Kent, but never did so north of the river

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The Age of Bede: Bede – Life of Cuthbert, Eddius Stephanus – Life of Wilfrid, Bede – Lives of the Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow, The Anonymous History of Abbot Ceolfrith with the Voyage of St

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The Age of Bede: Bede – Life of Cuthbert, Eddius Stephanus – Life of Wilfrid, Bede – Lives of the Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow, The Anonymous History of Abbot Ceolfrith with the Voyage of St

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speculated that one reason for Wilfrid's exile in 678 was that he was overshadowing the king as a patron. His contacts extended to the Lombard kingdom in Italy, where they included King Perctarit and his son

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between 675 and 679, Wilfrid, along with Hexham Abbey, began to encourage and promote the cult of the dead king. Barbara Yorke sees this advocacy as a major factor in the prominence given to Oswald in Bede's

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lands or to stay confined to Ripon. A proposal to turn Ripon into a bishopric was also a source of dispute. When no compromise was possible Wilfrid left Northumbria for Mercia, and Bosa was returned to York.

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for most of 678. Wilfrid had been blown off course on his trip from England to the continent, and ended up in Frisia according to some historians. Others state that he intended to journey via Frisia to avoid

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his restoration, but was instead briefly imprisoned and then exiled by the king. Wilfrid stayed for a short time in the kingdom of the Middle Angles and at Wessex, but soon took refuge in Sussex with King

325:, the Northumbrian king, Theodore took the opportunity to implement his reforms despite Wilfrid's objections. After Ecgfrith expelled him from York, Wilfrid travelled to Rome to appeal to the papacy. Pope 1275:

England to 12. Wilfrid also secured the right for his monasteries of Ripon and Hexham to be directly supervised by the pope, preventing any further interference in their affairs by the diocesan bishops.

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Gallo-Roman episcopate where the wealth which gave him enemies in England would have passed unnoticed and where his interference in matters of state would have been less likely to take him to prison."

1619:, with gold lettering. The gospels were then enclosed in a gold book cover set with gems. When the church he had built at Ripon was consecrated, a three-day feast was held to accompany the ceremony. 1090:

and responses. Bede says that this singing master was named Æddi (or Eddius in Latin) and had the surname Stephen. Traditionally historians have identified Æddi as Stephen of Ripon, author of the

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also wrote extensively about him. Wilfrid lived ostentatiously, and travelled with a large retinue. He ruled a large number of monasteries, and claimed to be the first Englishman to introduce the

875:. Political concerns unrelated to the dating problem, such as the decline of Oswiu's preeminence among the other English kingdoms and the challenge to that position by Mercia, were also factors. 907:

speech in favour of adopting Roman church practices helped secure the eclipse of the "Celtic" party in 664, although most Irish churches did not adopt the Roman date of Easter until 704, and

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as a source, reworking the information and adding new material when possible. Other, more minor, sources for Wilfrid's life include a mention of Wilfrid in one of Bede's letters. A poetical

534:

matter of dispute with historians. It also appears likely that the Irish settled in parts of Wales, and even after the period of Irish settlement, Irish missionaries were active in Britain.

466:. Other even smaller groups had their own rulers, but their size means that they do not often appear in the histories. There were also native Britons in the west, in modern-day Wales and 430:

were thought to have been divided into seven kingdoms, but modern historiography has shown that this is a simplification of a much more confused situation. A late 7th-century source, the

1415:

ceremony in 695 found that her body had not decayed, which led to her being declared a saint. Wilfrid's testimony as to the character and virginity of Æthelthryth was recorded by Bede.

988:, whether or not this was a Sunday. However, as the Irish church had never been Quartodecimans, Stephen in this instance was constructing a narrative to put Wilfrid in the best light. 9245: 1679:

is 12 October or 24 April. Both dates were celebrated in early medieval England, but the April date appeared first in the liturgical calendars. The April date is the date when his

1191:

Theodore took advantage of the situation to implement decrees of some councils on dividing up large dioceses. Theodore set up new bishoprics from Wilfrid's diocese, with seats at

321:

was very large, and Theodore wished to reform the English Church, a process which included breaking up some of the larger dioceses into smaller ones. When Wilfrid quarrelled with

1577:, sister of King Aldfrith of Northumbria and daughter of Wilfrid's old patron Queen Eanflæd, helped to persuade the Northumbrians to allow Wilfrid to return from his last exile. 1474:, to whom Wilfrid acted as spiritual adviser. Wilfrid may have been one of Osred's chief supporters, along with Oswiu's daughter Abbess Ælfflæd of Whitby, and the nobleman 1454:

held a council, which declared that the King of Northumbria should follow the earlier papal decrees restoring Wilfrid to his see. Wilfrid was disconcerted to find that the

10123: 1180:

her the veil, the ceremony of entering a nunnery, on her retirement to Ely Abbey. Æthelthryth had donated the lands Wilfrid used to found Hexham Abbey, and the historian

10546: 9528: 5727:

Gem, Richard (1982). "The Significance of the 11th-century Rebuilding of Christ Church and St Augustine's, Canterbury, in the Development of Romanesque Architecture".

10118: 9872: 1137:. When Wilfrid arrived in York as bishop the cathedral's roof was on the point of collapse; he had it repaired and covered in lead, and had glass set in the windows. 10536: 10374: 9962: 7315: 1000:'s appointment to the see of Canterbury. Wilfrid may also have taken part in negotiations to persuade King Cenwalh of Wessex to allow Agilbert to return to his see. 9887: 9927: 1954:

The epitaph is recorded in Book V, Chapter XIX. An online translation is at the Medieval Sourcebook, part of the Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies by the

557:, written by Stephen of Ripon soon after Wilfrid's death, and the works of the medieval historian Bede, who knew Wilfrid during the bishop's lifetime. Stephen's 10128: 1975:

or "lunar rainbow". Using information on the years that a moonbow was most likely to occur she establishes Thursday 24 April 710 as the date of Wilfrid's death.

1573:

first patron, introduced him to a number of helpful contacts, and he later attracted the support of Queen Æthelthryth, who gave the endowment for Hexham Abbey.

10641: 9952: 1611:

As well as his building projects Wilfrid also commissioned works to embellish the churches, including altar cloths made of silk woven with gold threads, and a

1082:

as records of gifts to his churches. He ordered the creation of a listing of all benefactions received by Ripon, which was recited at the dedication ceremony.

289:, and became famous for his speech advocating that the Roman method for calculating the date of Easter should be adopted. His success prompted the king's son, 10077: 197:

baptising, preaching, landing from a ship and received by the king; or engaged in theological disputation with his crozier near him and a lectern before him

9694: 9623: 9618: 9613: 649:, and that Stephen's work was written as part of a propaganda campaign to defend a "Wilfridian" party in Northumbrian politics. Some historians, including 329:

ruled in Wilfrid's favour, but Ecgfrith refused to honour the papal decree and instead imprisoned Wilfrid on his return to Northumbria before exiling him.

9917: 9897: 6782: 1434:

gives a speech, supposedly delivered by Wilfrid there, in defence of Wilfrid's record over the previous 40 years. The council was presided over by

9912: 9760: 1988:, took this approach to the problem of the differing accounts of Wilfrid's relics, and appears to have been the first writer to suggest this solution. 1896:

also confirms the basics of the council decrees, it is only in the decrees discussion of metropolitan status for Theodore that it is possibly corrupt.

1109:

into the monasteries he founded. It appears likely that he was the first to introduce the Benedictine Rule into England, as evidence is lacking that

818:

in the kingdom of the Gewisse, part of Wessex. Wilfrid was a protégé of Agilbert, who later helped in Wilfrid's consecration as a bishop. The monk

1395:

During his stay in Mercia Wilfrid acted as bishop with the consent of King Æthelred. Information on Wilfrid's life at this time is meagre, as the

10253: 7944: 1532:

Wilfrid's network of monasteries extended across at least three of the kingdoms of England in his day. They included Hexham, Ripon, Selsey, and

7308: 1342:

says that Theodore expressed a desire for Wilfrid to succeed him at Canterbury. Wilfrid may have been involved in founding monasteries near

883:

Wilfrid attended the synod, or council, of Whitby, as a member of the party favouring the continental practice of dating Easter, along with

9831: 9394: 8596: 1372:

Something of the reception to Wilfrid's expulsion can be picked up in a Latin letter which has survived only in an incomplete quotation by

5338:

Coates, Simon (February 1998). "The Construction of Episcopal Sanctity in early Anglo-Saxon England: the Impact of Venantius Fortunatus".

687:

in 652, where he stayed with relatives of Queen Eanflæd. The queen had given Wilfrid a letter of introduction to pass to her cousin, King

10047: 9719: 9252: 9982: 9846: 9588: 9563: 10002: 1102:

was not authored by the singing master, but by someone who joined Wilfrid in the last years of Wilfrid's life, not a close companion.

10007: 7808: 1905:

When Wilfrid returned to Northumbria, he gave the Wight mission to his nephew, Beornwine, who was not apparently an ordained priest.

10541: 9724: 7301: 1299:

Wilfrid spent the next five years preaching to, and converting the pagan inhabitants of Sussex, the South Saxons. He also founded

10901: 10646: 1411:, which were more successful than his own earlier attempts. Willibrord was a monk of Ripon who was also a native of Northumbria. 679:, who had been instrumental in converting Northumbria to Christianity. At Lindisfarne Wilfrid is said to have "learned the whole 210: 10516: 10273: 1512: 641:, have seen in Bede's writings a dislike of Wilfrid. The historian Walter Goffart goes further, suggesting that Bede wrote his 580: 1806:

It is unclear how much of the speech in Bede's account of the council is actually Wilfrid's and how much was composed by Bede.

1403:

until about 706, when he is held to have been transferred to Hexham. Wilfrid became involved in the missionary efforts to the

10906: 8355: 7085: 6842: 6716: 6618: 6595: 6247: 6213: 6100: 6027: 5973: 5847: 5698: 5595: 5557: 5405: 1634:

Wilfrid left large sums of money to his monastic foundations, enabling them to purchase royal favour. Soon after his death a

1325: 493:

and Bernicia, often united as the Kingdom of Northumbria. A number of Celtic kingdoms also existed in this region, including

450:. Smaller groups who at that time had their own royalty but were later absorbed into larger kingdoms include the peoples of 10896: 8825: 8447: 7147: 7026:

Pelteret, David (1998). "Saint Wilfrid: Tribal Bishop, Civic Bishop or Germanic Lord?". In Hill, Joyce; Swan, Mary (eds.).

6573: 6511: 10138: 396:

into English monasteries. Some modern historians see him mainly as a champion of Roman customs against the customs of the

10797: 8477: 8299: 7937: 7729: 1797:

Agilbert was later expelled from his English bishopric by the King of Wessex when the king could not understand Agilbert.

1098:

was based on the recollections of one of Wilfrid's long-time companions. Recent scholarship has come to believe that the

963: 8710: 1422:

over his expulsion from York, and the pope referred the issue back to a council in England. In 702 King Aldfrith held a

798:

into Ripon, claiming that he was the first person in England to make a monastery follow it, but this claim rests on the

683:

by heart and several books". Wilfrid studied at Lindisfarne for a few years before going to the Kentish king's court at

10881: 9029: 9014: 7754: 5731:. British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions. Vol. V. Kent Archaeological Society. pp. 1–19. 1118: 8753: 10851: 9093: 8989: 8254: 7893: 7813: 7047: 7035: 6994: 6972: 6950: 6924: 6823: 6770: 6685: 6662: 6640: 6547: 6501: 6479: 6456: 6437: 6403: 6384: 6362: 6343: 6321: 6276:

Laynesmith, Mark D. (July 2000). "Stephen of Ripon and the Bible: Allegorical and Typological Interpretations of the

6266: 6162: 6046: 6008: 5954: 5932: 5910: 5888: 5866: 5816: 5794: 5736: 5717: 5676: 5657: 5638: 5576: 5520: 5297: 5275: 5249: 5227: 5205: 5183: 5130: 5108: 5086: 5064: 1528:

Later engraving of a picture commissioned in 1519 showing Cædwalla confirming a grant of land, at Selsey, to Wilfrid

691:, to ensure that Wilfrid was received by the king. While in Kent, Wilfrid's career was advanced by Eanflæd's cousin 301:

in his place, resulting in Wilfrid's retirement to Ripon for a few years following his arrival back in Northumbria.

9387: 8913: 8589: 8558: 5479:

Cubitt, Catherine (1989). "Wilfrid's "Usurping Bishops": Episcopal Elections in Anglo-Saxon England c. 600-c.800".

5307:

Coates, Simon (1999). "Ceolfrid: History, Hagiography and Memory in Seventh- and Eighth-century Wearmouth–Jarrow".

2064: 1070:

act only in their own dioceses. During the middle 670s Wilfrid acted as middleman in the negotiations to return a

622:

was probably a 9th-century compilation, the material on Wilfrid may ultimately have derived either from Stephen's

9145: 8979: 7828: 703:, a noted missionary. Wilfrid appears to have spent about a year in Kent, but the exact chronology is uncertain. 525:, and to the north-east a small number of Pictish kingdoms. Further north still lay the great Pictish kingdom of 215: 9518: 5288:(2000). "'The Continuation of Bede', s.a. 750: High-Kings of Tara and 'Bretwaldas'". In Smyth, Alfred P. (ed.). 851:

celebrated Easter on the Roman date, which meant that while one part of the royal court was still observing the

10057: 9922: 8883: 8872: 8695: 8072: 7930: 7793: 7511: 653:, find that a credible view, but others such as Nick Higham are less convinced of Bede's hostility to Wilfrid. 348:

to Christianity. Theodore and Wilfrid settled their differences, and Theodore urged the new Northumbrian king,

5270:. Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England No. 11. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 88–95. 1387:

citation itself gives a date, but the letter has been assigned to Wilfrid's exile under Aldfrith in the 690s.

434:, lists the peoples south of the Humber river; among the largest groups of peoples are the West Saxons (later 9048: 8810: 7516: 7451: 7235: 6116: 1400: 561:

is a hagiography, intended to show Wilfrid as a saintly man, and to buttress claims that he was a saint. The

281:, and at Rome; he returned to Northumbria in about 660, and became the abbot of a newly founded monastery at 17: 912:

and clergy unable to accept the Whitby decision left Northumbria, some going to Ireland and others to Iona.

297:, leaving a question mark over Wilfrid's appointment as bishop. Before Wilfrid's return Oswiu had appointed 10856: 9821: 9801: 8725: 8052: 7471: 7411: 6056:

John, Eric (1970). "The Social and Political Problems of the Early English Church". In Thirsk, Joan (ed.).

5290:

Seanchas: Studies in Early Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis J. Byrne

1597:, of the type that was common on the continent. Ripon was the first church in Northumbria to incorporate a 9523: 1078:, from his exile in Ireland to Gaul. Wilfrid was one of the first churchmen in Northumbria to use written 369:, his Northumbrian monasteries. Wilfrid died in 709 or 710. After his death, he was venerated as a saint. 10861: 10348: 9380: 8582: 7481: 7368: 6673: 5809:

The Narrators of Barbarian History (A. D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon

5686: 5309: 5259: 1955: 1881: 1553: 1271: 1121:

had been recently introduced. He set up schools and became a religious advisor to the Northumbrian queen

650: 494: 426:

During Wilfrid's lifetime Britain and Ireland consisted of a number of small kingdoms. Traditionally the

10113: 10891: 10723: 10656: 10389: 9403: 9238: 6915:(2001). "The Verturian Hegemony: A Mirror in the North". In Brown, Michelle P; Farr, Carol Ann (eds.). 5237: 5215: 5193: 4995: 1889: 1724: 1133:

where Wilfrid founded a monastery and built a church using some recycled stones from the Roman town of

775: 439: 10526: 1450:

On his way to Rome Wilfrid stopped in Frisia to visit Willibrord. Following Wilfrid's arrival in Rome

10866: 9088: 7143: 1560:, and Wilfrid was known to help his protégés, no matter if they became clerics or not. The historian 1378: 1146: 1048:, in the old territory of the British kingdom of Gododdin. The grants of land to Wilfrid west of the 10491: 9877: 9338: 1585:

Wilfrid built a church capable of accommodating a congregation of 2,000 at Hexham, using stone from

1430:

that upheld Wilfrid's expulsion, and once more Wilfrid travelled to Rome to appeal to the pope. The

10886: 10506: 9608: 9004: 8964: 8908: 8385: 7843: 7833: 7823: 7636: 6780:

Tyler, Damian (April 2007). "Reluctant Kings and Christian Conversion in Seventh-Century England".

5508: 5367:

Coates, Simon (April 1996). "The Role of Bishops in the Early Anglo-Saxon Church: A Reassessment".

1651: 1467: 1226: 787: 699:

from 673 to 685. The Kentish court included a number of visiting clergymen at that time, including

696: 305: 35: 10521: 10496: 9867: 8740: 1880:

The copy of the decrees of Agatho has had interpolations added to it, partly to support the later

1407:, which he had started in 678 during his stay in Frisia. Wilfrid helped the missionary efforts of 896: 10551: 10369: 10258: 10238: 10228: 10213: 9816: 9292: 9119: 9103: 9073: 9058: 9041: 8407: 8370: 7863: 7773: 7761: 7651: 7611: 5171: 1656: 1561: 1247: 1126: 1110: 872: 826:, which had recently been depopulated as a result of the plague. Ceolfrith later became Abbot of 537:

Christianity had only recently arrived in some of these kingdoms. Some had been converted by the

349: 322: 174: 9659: 9538: 8735: 6447:

Ortenberg, Veronica (1999) . "The Anglo-Saxon Church and the Papacy". In Lawrence, C. H. (ed.).

1692:

destroyed the church at Ripon; after the destruction, Wilfrid's relics were taken by Archbishop

1280: 10414: 10399: 10233: 10108: 9997: 9902: 9765: 9140: 9125: 9063: 8999: 8850: 8700: 8644: 8563: 8457: 8224: 7904: 7671: 7666: 7646: 7631: 7521: 6700: 6231: 6197: 6084: 5831: 5650:

Images of Sanctity in Eddius Stephanus' 'Life of Bishop Wilfrid', an Early English Saint's Life

5285: 5074: 1574: 1537: 1471: 1423: 758: 530: 510: 392: 8012: 1175:

In 677 or 678, Wilfrid and Ecgfrith quarrelled, and Wilfrid was expelled from his see. Abbess

10815: 10666: 10581: 10313: 10158: 10143: 10052: 9967: 9442: 9360: 9185: 9150: 9135: 8938: 8619: 8548: 8493: 8467: 8442: 8427: 8193: 8178: 8118: 7719: 7709: 7401: 7228: 7216: 6811: 1868: 1664: 1549: 1498: 1492: 1373: 900: 741: 614: 518: 513:, survived as an independent power into the 10th century in the area which became modern-day 378: 179: 10133: 10098: 9882: 9791: 8776: 6672:

Thacker, Alan (1996). "Saint-making and Relic Collecting by Oswald and his Communities". In

1918:, and it is possible that Bosa was not expelled, as he was still bishop at his death in 706. 1362: 1313: 1171:

Map showing monasteries and bishoprics in Northumbria around 670. Bishoprics are underlined.

10671: 10601: 10455: 10394: 10243: 9957: 9745: 9583: 9214: 8845: 8800: 8664: 8543: 8498: 8244: 8133: 7953: 7848: 7456: 5142: 1864: 1863:

And he was the only English bishop to appeal a royal verdict to the papacy until 1088 when

1697: 1660: 1200: 955: 947: 815: 740:, and studied the Roman practice of relic collecting. He developed a close friendship with 676: 294: 31: 10486: 10481: 9796: 7421: 7391: 7150: – listing of most contemporary and close to contemporary mentions of Wilfrid in the 5140:

Brown, George Hardin (Fall 1999). "Royal and Ecclesiastical Rivalries in Bede's History".

8: 10876: 10871: 10591: 10429: 10037: 9947: 9942: 9578: 9573: 9457: 9427: 9098: 8994: 8984: 8815: 8745: 8513: 8350: 8345: 8335: 8214: 7982: 7818: 7798: 7788: 7694: 7571: 7556: 7446: 7431: 7045:

Sims-Williams, Patrick (April 1988). "St Wilfrid and Two Charters Dated AD 676 and 680".

5626: 1834: 1717: 1684: 1239: 1071: 1066: 943: 688: 397: 10501: 10103: 9862: 8047: 1270:, and Wilfrid's concerns were not the sole focus of the council. In fact, the historian 984:", or those who supported the celebration of Easter on the 14th day of the Jewish month 10832: 10761: 10749: 10697: 10586: 10561: 10434: 10248: 10148: 10042: 9907: 9553: 9477: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9200: 9190: 9130: 8840: 8835: 8528: 8432: 8249: 8153: 7972: 7576: 7396: 7325: 7134: 7115: 7064: 6900: 6892: 6799: 6372: 6297: 6141: 6133: 6129: 5773: 5765: 5748: 5614: 5496: 5467: 5384: 5380: 5355: 5326: 5159: 5118: 5096: 5020: 5012: 1744: 1676: 1590: 1196: 1025: 863: 566:

Wilfrid, making its use as a source problematic; despite its shortcomings however, the

479: 309: 184: 5322: 1167: 10687: 10606: 10268: 10032: 9704: 9568: 9558: 9482: 9328: 9009: 8805: 8605: 8462: 8452: 8400: 8375: 8309: 8163: 8138: 8097: 7858: 7596: 7486: 7119: 7081: 7068: 7031: 7013:

Foley, W. T. (1989). "Imitation Apostoli: St Wilfrid of York and the Andrew Script".

6990: 6968: 6946: 6920: 6904: 6860: 6852: 6838: 6819: 6803: 6795: 6766: 6712: 6681: 6658: 6636: 6614: 6591: 6569: 6543: 6497: 6492:(1996). "Hagiography and Politics in Early Northumbria". In Szarmach, Paul E. (ed.). 6475: 6452: 6433: 6399: 6380: 6358: 6339: 6317: 6301: 6262: 6243: 6209: 6177: 6158: 6145: 6096: 6064: 6042: 6023: 6004: 5969: 5950: 5928: 5906: 5884: 5862: 5843: 5812: 5790: 5777: 5746:

Gibbs, Marion (April 1973). "The Decrees of Agatho and the Gregorian Plan for York".

5732: 5713: 5694: 5672: 5653: 5634: 5591: 5572: 5553: 5535: 5516: 5500: 5471: 5463: 5401: 5388: 5359: 5330: 5293: 5271: 5245: 5223: 5201: 5179: 5163: 5126: 5104: 5082: 5060: 5056: 5024: 1693: 1604: 1586: 779: 771: 692: 538: 345: 10476: 9674: 6519: 744:

during his time in Rome. After an audience with the pope, Wilfrid returned to Lyon.

575:

was not well known in the Middle Ages, as only two manuscripts of the work survive.

10773: 10611: 10424: 10404: 10298: 10153: 9977: 9643: 9304: 9261: 9024: 8933: 8923: 8903: 8533: 8523: 8325: 8173: 7992: 7911: 7853: 7739: 7661: 7591: 7476: 7416: 7406: 7363: 7343: 7262: 7255: 7107: 7056: 6884: 6791: 6735: 6605: 6557: 6535: 6289: 6125: 6059: 5785:

Gilbert, Edward (1974). "Saint Wilfrid's Church at Hexham". In Kirby, D. P. (ed.).

5757: 5488: 5459: 5424: 5376: 5347: 5318: 5151: 5004: 1968: 1616: 1029: 887:, Agilbert, and Alhfrith. Those supporting the "Celtic" viewpoint were King Oswiu, 884: 827: 475: 459: 418: 373: 372:

Historians then and now have been divided over Wilfrid. His followers commissioned

148: 7461: 7293: 6753: 6259:

Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages

5442: 790:. Wilfrid ejected the abbot, Eata, because he would not follow the Roman customs; 10596: 10318: 10283: 10173: 9806: 9729: 9603: 9593: 9175: 9034: 8918: 8878: 8820: 8538: 8518: 8472: 8422: 8390: 8380: 8360: 8330: 8294: 8269: 8234: 8229: 8188: 7838: 7783: 7768: 7744: 7566: 7541: 7506: 7496: 7386: 7028:

The Community, the Family and the Saint: Patterns of Power in Early Modern Europe

6696: 6650: 6632: 6309: 6227: 6223: 6193: 6189: 6080: 5827: 5263: 2548: 1628: 1176: 934:

his diocese was located, although he was considered to be Alhfrith's bishop. The

888: 840: 700: 638: 447: 362: 357: 286: 9372: 5515:(Cornell University Press 1985 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 2042: 723:, where Wilfrid may have deposited any relics he brought back from the continent 10737: 10263: 10198: 10093: 9892: 9755: 9699: 9316: 9298: 9281: 9274: 9206: 9180: 9165: 9155: 9068: 8974: 8928: 8898: 8893: 8766: 8365: 8279: 8148: 8123: 7873: 7803: 7734: 7714: 7704: 7699: 7656: 7616: 7601: 7586: 7581: 7561: 7551: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7348: 7272: 7208: 7196: 7178: 7171: 7151: 7111: 6965:

The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800

6739: 6489: 6467: 5903:

The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England

5804: 5428: 5155: 4993:(Autumn 1983). "The Council of Whitby: A Study in Early Anglo-Saxon Politics". 1749: 1439: 1419: 1343: 1338:

During his time in Sussex Wilfrid was reconciled with Archbishop Theodore; the

1321: 1204: 1192: 514: 486: 427: 85: 59: 9533: 8092: 7060: 6727: 5998: 5416: 1122: 251: 123: 10845: 10785: 9628: 9497: 9487: 9462: 9083: 9053: 9019: 8969: 8959: 8954: 8866: 8830: 8508: 8503: 8437: 8417: 8284: 8274: 8264: 8239: 8183: 8168: 8158: 8002: 7883: 7878: 7868: 7749: 7676: 7621: 7606: 6982: 6960: 6938: 6937:(2003). "The Adaptation of the Anglo-Saxon Royal Courts to Christianity". In 6934: 6583: 6566:

Wilfrid: Abbot, Bishop, Saint: Papers from the 1300th Anniversary Conferences

6415: 6068: 5876: 5492: 4990: 2547:

Under the years 656, 661, 664, 675, 678, 685, 709, and 710. See the index to

1663:(left), depicted in a stained-glass window in the church of St John Lee near 1545: 1502: 1332: 1267: 1141: 981: 823: 783: 463: 431: 341: 8077: 7280: 7140: – Chapter XIX contains Wilfrid's epitaph. From the Medieval Sourcebook 6943:

The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe AD 300–1300

6864: 6293: 5707: 5450:

Cubitt, Catherine (August 2005). "The Clergy of Early Anglo-Saxon England".

5351: 5262:(1995). "Theodore, the English Church, and the Monothelete Controversy". In 5032: 2020: 1203:, but the other three remained separate. The bishops chosen for these sees, 10744: 10384: 10188: 9932: 9417: 9322: 9160: 9078: 8888: 8795: 8304: 8289: 8219: 8209: 7898: 7888: 7501: 7358: 7188: 7161: 6704: 6561: 6494:

Holy Men and Holy Women: Old English Prose Saints' Lives and their Contexts

6466:

Philpott, Mark (2000). "Eadmer, his Archbishops and the English State". In

6235: 6201: 6088: 6076: 5942: 5920: 5898: 5835: 5539: 1785: 1668: 1451: 1300: 1291: 1181: 859: 810:

was being referred to. Shortly afterwards Wilfrid was ordained a priest by

794:, later a saint, was another of the monks expelled. Wilfrid introduced the 720: 711: 542: 366: 95: 6888: 6181: 1627:

After his final return to Northumbria Wilfrid retired to the monastery at

1475: 1466:

Aldfrith died soon after Wilfrid's arrival back in England. The new king,

959: 871:

between Oswiu and Alhfrith and the death of the Archbishop of Canterbury,

522: 451: 9992: 9548: 9432: 9195: 9170: 8395: 7778: 7626: 7546: 7426: 7334: 7095: 5966:

A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation

1612: 1455: 1427: 1304: 1262: 1075: 1028:

gave him large grants of land in Mercia. Wilfrid may have persuaded King

938:

states that, nominated by both Oswiu and Alhfrith, he was made bishop at

401: 353: 337: 326: 270: 266: 131: 10511: 10450: 9770: 8659: 8062: 7922: 6896: 6875:(October 2006). "Dún Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts". 6020:

Orthodox Saints of the British Isles: Volume II — April — June

5983: 10631: 10278: 10168: 9972: 9786: 8758: 8654: 8340: 8143: 7724: 6912: 6872: 6613:. Translated by Webb, J. F. (Revised ed.). London: Penguin Books. 6331: 5769: 5618: 5552:. Translated by Webb, J. F. (Revised ed.). London: Penguin Books. 5125:(Reprint of 1970 ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2068: 1705: 1408: 925: 753: 684: 298: 274: 10651: 10067: 6137: 5176:

The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A. D. 200–1000

5016: 671: 10556: 10338: 10223: 10208: 10183: 9987: 9937: 9811: 9664: 9333: 8690: 8639: 8574: 8553: 8259: 8128: 8082: 8042: 8032: 8022: 7641: 5712:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1851: 1701: 1557: 1541: 1435: 1317: 1308: 1251: 1134: 976: 819: 601: 413: 9230: 6413:

Mitchell, Barbara (October 1995). "Anglo-Saxon Double Monasteries".

5761: 1399:

says little of this period. He is generally considered to have been

1208: 1016: 10756: 10692: 10626: 10571: 10566: 10419: 10333: 10328: 10308: 10218: 10178: 10062: 10022: 10017: 10012: 9841: 9836: 9826: 9714: 9638: 9633: 9502: 9286: 8730: 8067: 7997: 7987: 7491: 7466: 6496:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. pp. 95–114. 5008: 1914:

The only authority for the expulsion of Bosa is Stephen of Ripon's

1885: 1781: 1599: 1594: 1566: 1506: 1404: 1382:. We have it on William's authority that the letter was written by 1255: 1235: 1087: 1049: 1045: 1033: 867: 811: 791: 737: 733: 506: 471: 467: 290: 234: 10636: 7098:(January 1995). "Northumbrians and Franks in the age of Wilfrid". 1833:

Theodore shortly afterwards reconsecrated Ceadda and gave him the

604:

written in the 10th century is essentially a rewrite of Stephen's

285:. In 664 Wilfrid acted as spokesman for the Roman position at the 10661: 10616: 10576: 10531: 10379: 10353: 10323: 10193: 10072: 9452: 9447: 8771: 8715: 8705: 8669: 8634: 8057: 8037: 8027: 8017: 8007: 7436: 5859:

Sacred Biography: Saints and Their Biographers in the Middle Ages

1972: 1383: 1230: 1222: 1079: 1024:

Wilfrid's monasteries in Mercia may date from this time, as King

997: 762:

in Gaul, as Columbanus' monasteries followed that monastic rule.

749: 680: 526: 318: 314: 278: 1841:

says that Wilfrid urged Theodore to appoint Ceadda to Lichfield.

1250:, which Wilfrid refused. Once in Italy, Wilfrid was received by 1154:

also educated young men, both for clerical and secular careers.

10460: 10409: 10288: 10027: 9750: 9709: 9669: 9437: 9422: 8649: 8629: 7441: 7245: 1942: 1728: 1689: 1533: 1243: 1130: 1010: 631: 502: 455: 443: 435: 333: 258: 238: 144: 5567:

Farmer, D. H. (1974). "Saint Wilfrid". In Kirby, D. P. (ed.).

5292:. Dublin & Portland: Four Courts Press. pp. 137–145. 802:

and does not say where Wilfrid became knowledgeable about the

269:

noble, he entered religious life as a teenager and studied at

10791: 10702: 10303: 9543: 9492: 9472: 9467: 7977: 6110:

Kirby, D. P. (January 1983). "Bede, Eddius Stephanus and the

5103:(Third ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1815:

Some Welsh churches did not adopt the Roman Easter until 768.

1680: 1460: 1185: 1041: 985: 716: 609: 521:. To the north-west of Strathclyde lay the Gaelic kingdom of 498: 490: 282: 262: 47: 6379:. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1524: 584:, but this account is more measured and restrained than the 10621: 10293: 10203: 10163: 9598: 8087: 5708:

Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).

5048: 1938: 993: 939: 908: 892: 852: 729: 553:

The main sources for knowledge of Wilfrid are the medieval

387: 7080:. Jarrow Lecture 46. Jarrow, UK: St Paul's Church Jarrow. 5999:

Holford-Strevens, Leofranc; Blackburn, Bonnie J. (2000).

5789:. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Oriel Press. pp. 81–113. 2579:

Philpott "Eadmer, his Archbishops and the English State"

571:

as was the case with Stephen's work. It appears that the

6919:. London: Leicester University Press. pp. 106–112. 6680:. London: Leicester University Press. pp. 244–268. 6560:(2013). "Dating Wilfrid's Death and Stephen's Life". In 6451:(Reprint ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton. pp. 29–62. 6063:. Reading, UK: British Agricultural Historical Society. 6058:

Land, Church, and People: Essays Presented to Professor

5947:(Re-)reading Bede: The Ecclesiastical History in Context 5571:. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Oriel Press. pp. 35–60. 1700:. This account appears in a foreword written by Oda for 6590:(Third ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 5729:

Medieval Art and Architecture at Canterbury Before 1220

5631:

The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity

5590:(Fifth ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 4831:

Medieval Art and Architecture at Canterbury Before 1220

1704:'s later poem on Wilfrid's life. However, according to 1445: 1032:

in 669 to build a church in an abandoned Roman fort at

637:

Many historians, including the editor of Bede's works,

608:, produced in celebration of the movement of Wilfrid's 7044: 6810: 6711:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 474–476. 6649: 6472:

The Medieval State: Essays Presented to James Campbell

6355:

A Constitutional and Legal History of Medieval England

6242:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 444–446. 5842:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 497–499. 5284: 386:) shortly after his death, and the medieval historian 10721: 6017: 1927:

The book, which was given to Ripon, does not survive.

1459:

his journey back to England Wilfrid had a seizure at

6449:

The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages

5856: 5647: 5395: 5240:(1986). "First Century of Christianity in England". 5139: 1052:

testify to Northumbrian expansion in that area. The

770:

After Wilfrid's return to Northumbria in about 658,

7323: 6945:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 244–257. 6760: 6446: 6371: 6275: 5117: 5095: 4417:Yorke "Adaptation of the Anglo-Saxon Royal Courts" 2045:. Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds. 16 February 2019 6857:English Historical Documents: Volume 1 c. 500–1042 6709:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England 6240:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England 6206:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England 6093:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England 5803: 5671:. Ripon, UK: Dean and Chapter of Ripon Cathedral. 5585: 5400:(Reprint ed.). Woodbridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. 5192: 4829:Gem "Significance of the 11th century Rebuilding" 1984:The early 12th century writer Eadmer, who wrote a 1824:York did not attain metropolitan status until 735. 1350: 855:fast, another would be celebrating with feasting. 9402: 7075: 6832: 6556: 6540:Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages 6412: 6377:The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England 6316:(Reprint ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. 6095:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 233. 5963: 5478: 5449: 4725: 4723: 4721: 996:again, and took part in the diplomacy related to 10843: 6604: 6352: 6308: 6222: 6188: 5685: 3618: 3616: 3072: 3070: 2876: 2874: 2462: 1497:Sometime after the translation of the relics of 1195:, Hexham, Lindisfarne, and one in the region of 661: 612:to Canterbury. Wilfrid is also mentioned in the 7025: 6987:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England 6534: 6488: 6336:The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500–1087 6314:England and the Continent in the Eighth Century 6256: 6208:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 6. 6041:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 5905:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 5784: 5625: 5258: 5236: 5214: 5170: 4914: 4901: 4084: 4082: 4080: 3769: 3030: 3028: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 489:the English had formed into two main kingdoms, 462:, the South Saxons, the Isle of Wight, and the 6981: 6959: 6933: 6851: 6582: 6568:. Donnington, UK: Shuan Tyas. pp. 17–26. 6465: 6176:(Reprint ed.). New York: Schocken Books. 5875: 5529: 5507: 5073: 4989: 4894:Ortenberg "Anglo-Saxon Church and the Papacy" 4718: 3897: 3895: 3881: 3879: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3325: 3323: 3138: 3136: 3134: 2651: 2575: 2573: 1580: 1199:. The Lindsey see was quickly absorbed by the 1184:argues that they had been part of the queen's 920: 732:, where Wilfrid stayed under the patronage of 9388: 9246: 8590: 7938: 7309: 7285: 6779: 6725: 6694: 6671: 6075: 5941: 5919: 5897: 5883:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 5811:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 5745: 5693:. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press. 5666: 5566: 5546: 5366: 5337: 5306: 4679: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4539:Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England 4286: 4168: 4166: 4051: 3613: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3120: 3118: 3067: 2871: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2777:Cubitt "Clergy in Early Anglo-Saxon England" 2607: 2605: 2386: 2384: 2096:Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England 509:. A native British kingdom, later called the 7012: 6474:. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 93–107. 6393: 6171: 6152: 6109: 5726: 5534:. Berlin: Weidmannsche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 5414: 5398:A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases 4888: 4855:Thacker "Saint-making and Relic Collecting" 4783: 4781: 4481: 4479: 4273: 4247: 4150: 4100: 4098: 4077: 3787: 3785: 3185: 3183: 3025: 2860: 2858: 2803:Coates "Construction of Episcopal Sanctity" 2773: 2771: 2769: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2478: 2476: 2439: 1418:In about 700, Wilfrid appealed once more to 626:or from Bede. Another, later, source is the 422:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the late 7th century 7094: 6911: 6871: 6427: 6338:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 6330: 5968:. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. 5825: 5691:From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795 5244:. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 49–68. 4927: 4849: 4810: 4666: 4518: 4437: 4424: 4388: 4386: 3999: 3960: 3908: 3892: 3876: 3758: 3756: 3694: 3629: 3571: 3553: 3475: 3462: 3449: 3274: 3131: 3088: 3086: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2944: 2942: 2591: 2589: 2570: 1884:over primacy that started under Archbishop 1094:, which has led to the assumption that the 344:and converted the pagan inhabitants of the 9395: 9381: 9253: 9239: 8597: 8583: 7945: 7931: 7316: 7302: 7154:. Includes some spurious charter listings. 6678:St Oswald of Worcester: Life and Influence 6055: 6036: 5222:. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 1–28. 5053:A History of the English Church and People 4862: 4799: 4797: 4767: 4765: 4627: 4609: 4583: 4563:Gilbert "Saint Wilfrid's Church at Hexam" 4557: 4544: 4531: 4524:Mitchell "Anglo-Saxon Double Monasteries" 4492: 4411: 4399: 4346: 4344: 4317: 4315: 4184: 4182: 4163: 4124: 4038: 3837: 3824: 3798: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3681: 3655: 3642: 3589: 3587: 3514: 3436: 3388: 3336: 3300: 3222: 3196: 3149: 3115: 3104: 3102: 2981: 2955: 2926: 2823: 2810: 2753: 2677: 2602: 2528: 2415: 2413: 2381: 969: 545:, and subsequently by Irish missionaries. 7952: 6859:(Second ed.). London: Eyre Methuen. 6835:A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West 5035:. Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough 4953: 4940: 4844:Early History of the Church of Canterbury 4836: 4778: 4736: 4653: 4596: 4570: 4505: 4476: 4450: 4137: 4095: 4025: 3934: 3921: 3863: 3811: 3782: 3720: 3707: 3687:Campbell "First Century of Christianity" 3668: 3600: 3501: 3423: 3349: 3235: 3180: 2855: 2766: 2727: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2631: 2618: 2502: 2473: 2426: 2233: 2023:. Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough 1258:king, who gave him a place at his court. 470:, who formed kingdoms including those of 6917:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe 6818:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 6657:. New York: Routledge. pp. i–xxxv. 4966: 4749: 4640: 4463: 4383: 4370: 4357: 4328: 4299: 4260: 4195: 4064: 3973: 3850: 3753: 3540: 3527: 3410: 3375: 3287: 3261: 3083: 3007: 2939: 2913: 2900: 2887: 2784: 2690: 2586: 2557: 2515: 2489: 2405:Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases 2368: 2187:Charles-Edwards "'Continuation of Bede" 2116: 2105: 2103: 2057: 1780:Annemund was murdered at the command of 1650: 1622: 1523: 1290: 1166: 1162: 1113:'s monastery at Canterbury followed the 1015: 992:that after this episode Wilfrid visited 924: 710: 706: 417: 27:7th-century Anglo-Saxon bishop and saint 6732:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 6695:Thacker, Alan (2001). "St Wilfrid". In 6003:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 5925:The Kingdom of Northumbria: AD 350–1100 5861:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 5421:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5178:. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers. 5081:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 4794: 4762: 4407:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4341: 4312: 4179: 4012: 3986: 3733: 3584: 3488: 3362: 3248: 3209: 3160:John "Societal and Political Problems" 3099: 3041: 2961:John "Societal and Political Problems" 2740: 2664: 2410: 2397: 2364:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2272: 2259: 2246: 2220: 2168: 2142: 2075: 929:King Oswiu of Northumbria's family tree 845: 578:Bede also covers Wilfrid's life in his 446:(later the Kingdom of Mercia), and the 211:Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough 14: 10844: 8604: 5547:Farmer, D. H. (1998). "Introduction". 5101:An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 4875: 4201:Cubitt "Wilfrid's "Usurping Bishops"" 3947: 3054: 2994: 2968: 2703: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2155: 2129: 1971:believes the white arc was actually a 1513:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum 1463:, but he had returned to Kent by 705. 858:Oswiu called a church council held at 581:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum 9376: 9260: 9234: 8578: 7926: 7297: 7284: 6763:The Western Church in the Middle Ages 6728:"Wilfrid (St Wilfrid) (c.634–709/10)" 6430:Cathedral Shrines of Medieval England 6357:(Second ed.). New York: Norton. 6261:(Third ed.). New York: Longman. 2797: 2100: 1286: 1003: 962:, to be consecrated by Agilbert, the 862:in 664 in an attempt to resolve this 10798: 7148:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 5047: 4823: 4685:Stancliffe "Dating Wilfrid's Death" 3280:Rollason "Hagiography and Politics" 3167: 1854:in 676, but was assassinated in 680. 1486: 1446:Rome and final return to Northumbria 1355: 332:Wilfrid spent the next few years in 3979:Eddius Stephanus "Life of Wilfrid" 3871:Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 3845:A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons 3608:Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 3509:Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 3383:Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 3370:Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England 3175:Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England 3020:Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 2722:Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England 2646:A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons 2541: 2497:Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England 2285: 2088: 1519: 1060: 24: 7005: 6676:; Cubitt, Catherine R. E. (eds.). 5513:Anglo-Saxon Art: A New Perspective 5381:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1996.tb02256.x 5200:. London: Hambledon & London. 1295:Map showing the location of Selsey 1129:. Æthelthryth donated the land at 946:, but York at that time was not a 25: 10918: 7128: 7048:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 6432:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. 5633:. New York: H. Holt and Company. 5079:The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 4935:Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons 4622:Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons 3903:Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons 2746:Brown "Royal and Ecclesiastical" 2419:Brown "Royal and Ecclesiastical" 2067:. Ripon Cathedral. Archived from 2000: 1361:of Northumbria, Aldfrith, and to 1303:, on an estate near Selsey of 87 1215: 765: 10824: 10807: 10779: 10767: 10755: 10743: 10731: 10104:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham 6796:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2007.00389.x 6130:10.1093/ehr/XCVIII.CCCLXXXVI.101 5464:10.1111/j.1468-2281.2005.00236.x 5417:"Oswald (St Oswald) (603/4–642)" 4705: 4692: 4234: 4221: 4208: 4111: 3994:Constitutional and Legal History 1978: 1961: 1948: 1930: 1921: 1908: 1899: 1874: 1857: 1844: 1481: 1020:Wulfhere of Mercia's family tree 10647:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum 7829:Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt 6039:Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England 4432:Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England 3566:Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England 3331:Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England 3126:Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England 2989:Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England 2207: 2194: 2181: 1827: 1818: 1809: 1800: 1791: 1774: 1351:Return to Northumbria and exile 806:, nor exactly what form of the 216:Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds 10902:Bishops of Leicester (ancient) 10099:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham 6877:The Scottish Historical Review 6018:Hutchinson-Hall, John (2014). 5710:Handbook of British Chronology 5059:. New York: Penguin Classics. 4281:Handbook of British Chronology 3144:Handbook of British Chronology 2536:Narrators of Barbarian History 2432:Laynesmith "Stephen of Ripon" 2392:Narrators of Barbarian History 2035: 2013: 1761: 738:calculating the date of Easter 13: 1: 9404:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England 7030:. Brepols. pp. 159–180. 6635:. New York: Routledge. 1998. 6398:. Chichester, UK: Philimore. 6117:The English Historical Review 5927:. Gloucester, UK: A. Sutton. 5857:Heffernan, Thomas J. (1988). 5648:Foley, William Trent (1992). 5613:(4): 464–466. December 1908. 5396:Coredon, Christopher (2007). 5323:10.1016/S0304-4181(98)00020-7 5242:Essays in Anglo-Saxon History 5220:Essays in Anglo-Saxon History 4982: 4974:Essays in Anglo-Saxon History 4896:English Church and the Papacy 4818:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 4500:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 4174:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 4132:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 3806:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 3689:Essays in Anglo-Saxon History 3663:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 3637:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 3579:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 3357:Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 1655:Wilfrid (right), with saints 1331:Cædwalla sent Wilfrid to the 1324:, believed to be what is now 662:Childhood and early education 656: 407: 257:– 709 or 710) was an English 10907:8th-century Christian saints 9822:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet 7078:Bede, Wilfrid, and the Irish 6837:. London: Burns & Oats. 6761:Thomson, John A. F. (1998). 6754:UK public library membership 5881:The Formation of Christendom 5530:Ehwald, Rudolf, ed. (1919). 5443:UK public library membership 4229:English Historical Documents 1994: 1867:appealed a decision of King 1732:holding an episcopal staff. 1157: 822:was attracted to Ripon from 400:, others as an advocate for 7: 10897:7th-century English bishops 10279:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth 9787:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe) 9275:united Northumbrian diocese 7179:Bishop of the Northumbrians 7015:American Benedictine Review 6967:. London: Pearson/Longman. 6734:. Oxford University Press. 6608:(1998). "Life of Wilfrid". 6542:. New York: Penguin Books. 6174:The Making of Early England 5588:Oxford Dictionary of Saints 5586:Farmer, David Hugh (2004). 5423:. Oxford University Press. 5310:Journal of Medieval History 4948:Rise of Western Christendom 4805:Oxford Dictionary of Saints 4487:Rise of Western Christendom 4471:Rise of Western Christendom 3650:Rise of Western Christendom 3418:Rise of Western Christendom 3094:Rise of Western Christendom 2934:Journal of Medieval History 2818:Journal of Medieval History 2525:pp. 98 and 237 footnote 200 2213:Woolf "Verturian hegemony" 1956:City University of New York 1581:Builder and artistic patron 1065:Wilfrid did not attend the 921:Elevation to the episcopate 645:as a reaction to Stephen's 10: 10923: 10390:Florentius of Peterborough 10209:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth 7112:10.1179/007817295790175327 7076:Stancliffe, Clare (2003). 6833:Walsh, Michael J. (2007). 6470:; Palliser, D. M. (eds.). 6155:The Earliest English Kings 5964:Hindley, Geoffrey (2006). 5156:10.5840/renascence19995213 4996:Journal of British Studies 4950:Second Edition pp. 363–364 4554:pp. 92 and 275 footnote 38 3927:Gibbs "Decrees of Agatho" 3817:Gibbs "Decrees of Agatho" 3293:Gibbs "Decrees of Agatho" 3256:Journal of British Studies 3254:Abels "Council of Whitby" 3217:Journal of British Studies 3215:Abels "Council of Whitby" 3002:Journal of British Studies 3000:Abels "Council of Whitby" 2976:Journal of British Studies 2974:Abels "Council of Whitby" 2484:From Caledonia to Pictland 2202:Scottish Historical Review 2083:From Caledonia to Pictland 1890:Norman conquest of England 1725:Norman Conquest of England 1718:Oswald, Archbishop of York 1589:. The 12th-century writer 1490: 838: 548: 411: 398:British and Irish churches 29: 10882:History of Northumberland 10680: 10547:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury 10469: 10443: 10362: 10329:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth 10086: 9938:Cyneswith of Peterborough 9855: 9779: 9738: 9683: 9652: 9524:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers 9519:Æthelberht of East Anglia 9511: 9410: 9268: 9112: 8947: 8859: 8785: 8683: 8675:see removed to Dorchester 8612: 8486: 8318: 8202: 8111: 7960: 7685: 7377: 7332: 7291: 7286:Links to related articles 7269: 7260: 7252: 7242: 7233: 7225: 7205: 7185: 7176: 7168: 7160: 7061:10.1017/S0022046900020649 6707:; Scragg, Donald (eds.). 6655:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 6629:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 6353:Lyon, Bryce Dale (1980). 6238:; Scragg, Donald (eds.). 6204:; Scragg, Donald (eds.). 6091:; Scragg, Donald (eds.). 5838:; Scragg, Donald (eds.). 4771:Holford-Strevens, et al. 4674:England and the Continent 4648:English Historical Review 4268:English Historical Review 4044:Coates "Role of Bishops" 3968:England and the Continent 3916:England and the Continent 3887:England and the Continent 3548:English Historical Review 2761:England and the Continent 1646: 1390: 1379:Gesta pontificum Anglorum 834: 778:, recommended Wilfrid to 229: 201: 193: 167: 159: 154: 138: 119: 114: 106: 101: 91: 81: 73: 65: 58: 45: 10852:Anglo-Saxon Benedictines 10632:Frithestan of Winchester 10617:Earmund of Stoke Fleming 10184:Billfrith of Lindisfarne 10139:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne 10048:Regenhere of Northampton 9609:Sigeberht of East Anglia 9564:Cuthbald of Peterborough 9209:, Bishop of Ely (acting) 9122:(later Pretyman Tomline) 6653:(1998). "Introduction". 6257:Lawrence, C. H. (2001). 6079:(2001). "Heptarchy". In 5493:10.1179/nhi.1989.25.1.18 4789:New Dictionary of Saints 4511:Tyler "Reluctant Kings" 4031:Tyler "Reluctant Kings" 3162:Land, Church, and People 2735:Formation of Christendom 1882:Canterbury–York disputes 1850:Dagobert became king of 1755: 891:, the Abbess of Whitby, 878: 306:Archbishop of Canterbury 36:Wilfred (disambiguation) 10703:Urith of Chittlehampton 10657:Margaret of Dunfermline 10552:Beornstan of Winchester 10537:Benignus of Glastonbury 10527:Æthelwold of Winchester 10517:Æthelnoth of Canterbury 10375:Firmin of North Crawley 10370:Augustine of Canterbury 10259:Eardwulf of Northumbria 10239:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne 10229:Eadberht of Lindisfarne 10214:Ceolwulf of Northumbria 10124:Æthelgyth of Coldingham 9963:Eadweard of Maugersbury 9817:Deusdedit of Canterbury 9812:Berhtwald of Canterbury 6989:. New York: Routledge. 6294:10.1111/1468-0254.00064 6226:(2001). "Theodore". In 6157:. New York: Routledge. 6001:The Oxford Book of Days 5949:. New York: Routledge. 5787:Saint Wilfrid at Hexham 5605:"Feast of St Wilfrid". 5569:Saint Wilfrid at Hexham 5352:10.1111/1468-2281.00050 4744:Saint Wilfrid at Hexham 4742:Farmer "Saint Wilfrid" 4635:Making of Early England 4591:Making of Early England 4578:Saint Wilfrid at Hexham 4576:Farmer "Saint Wilfrid" 4565:Saint Wilfrid at Hexham 4106:Making of Early England 3793:Making of Early England 3522:Making of Early England 3282:Holy Men and Holy Women 2963:Land, Church and People 2950:Making of Early England 2563:Swanton "Introduction" 1268:Monothelete controversy 1248:Bishopric of Strasbourg 1119:Dionysiac Easter tables 1105:Wilfrid introduced the 970:Delays and difficulties 915: 485:Between the Humber and 175:Eastern Orthodox Church 10693:Juthwara of Sherbourne 10662:Swithhun of Winchester 10602:Eadweard the Confessor 10512:Æthelgar of Canterbury 10492:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury 10435:Theodore of Canterbury 10420:Mellitus of Canterbury 10415:Laurence of Canterbury 10400:Honorius of Canterbury 10244:Eadwine of Northumbria 10234:Eadfrith of Leominster 10114:Ælfwald of Northumbria 9998:Frithuwold of Chertsey 9933:Cynehelm of Winchcombe 9928:Cyneburh of Gloucester 9903:Beorhthelm of Stafford 9878:Æthelmod of Leominster 9842:Nothhelm of Canterbury 9827:Eanswith of Folkestone 9766:Indract of Glastonbury 9589:Hiurmine of Blythburgh 9569:Eadmund of East Anglia 9488:Patrick of Glastonbury 9141:Christopher Wordsworth 9040:Episcopacy abolished ( 8478:Sir William Ashburnham 8406:Episcopacy abolished ( 7760:Episcopacy abolished ( 7672:Christopher Bainbridge 7512:Roger de Pont L'Évêque 7136:Ecclesiastical History 6812:Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. 6740:10.1093/ref:odnb/29409 6726:Thacker, Alan (2004). 6651:Swanton, Michael James 6633:Swanton, Michael James 6192:(2001). "Ælfflæd". In 6022:. St. Eadfrith Press. 5669:Saint Wilfrid of Ripon 5667:Forster, W.A. (1997). 5652:. Edwin Mellen Press. 5429:10.1093/ref:odnb/20916 5286:Charles-Edwards, T. M. 4922:Kingdom of Northumbria 4881:"Feast of St Wilfrid" 4857:St Oswald of Worcester 4456:Farmer "Introduction" 4255:Earliest English Kings 4158:Earliest English Kings 4090:Earliest English Kings 4007:Coming of Christianity 3955:Anglo-Saxon Governance 3777:Kingdom of Northumbria 3674:Farmer "Introduction" 3470:Earliest English Kings 3457:Earliest English Kings 3444:Earliest English Kings 3405:Earliest English Kings 3344:Earliest English Kings 3267:Farmer "Introduction" 3230:Coming of Christianity 2850:Earliest English Kings 2790:Farmer "Introduction" 2720:Thacker "St. Wilfrid" 2685:Earliest English Kings 2613:Coming of Christianity 2241:Earliest English Kings 2124:Earliest English Kings 1835:bishopric of Lichfield 1672: 1536:, as well as possibly 1529: 1296: 1172: 1107:Rule of Saint Benedict 1021: 930: 796:Rule of Saint Benedict 788:Irish monastic customs 759:Rule of Saint Benedict 724: 592:, Bede used Stephen's 531:Battle of Dun Nechtain 511:Kingdom of Strathclyde 423: 393:Rule of Saint Benedict 340:, where he founded an 163:12 October or 24 April 10667:Wulfsige of Sherborne 10592:Eadgyth of Polesworth 10582:Eadburh of Winchester 10577:Dunstan of Canterbury 10522:Æthelwine of Athelney 10502:Ælfheah of Winchester 10497:Ælfheah of Canterbury 10461:Lewina of Bishopstone 10451:Cuthflæd of Lyminster 10395:Hadrian of Canterbury 10380:Birinus of Dorchester 10319:Oswine of Northumbria 10314:Oswald of Northumbria 10159:Balthere of Tyningham 10144:Alchhild of Middleham 10119:Æthelburh of Hackness 10053:Rumbold of Buckingham 9993:Frithuswith of Oxford 9968:Ealdgyth of Stortford 9953:Eadburh of Southwell 9873:Æthelberht of Bedford 9868:Ælfthryth of Crowland 9807:Albinus of Canterbury 9771:Maildub of Malmesbury 9715:Grimbald of St Bertin 9443:Congar of Congresbury 9433:Branwalator of Milton 8194:Gilbert of St Leonard 7954:Bishops of Chichester 7229:Cuthwine of Leicester 7217:Bishop of Lindisfarne 6889:10.1353/shr.2007.0029 6816:The Long-haired Kings 6394:Mee, Frances (1988). 6282:Early Medieval Europe 6172:Kirby, D. P. (1967). 6153:Kirby, D. P. (2000). 5415:Craig, D. J. (2004). 5198:The Anglo-Saxon State 4731:Conversion of Britain 3832:Caledonia to Pictland 3728:Caledonia to Pictland 3715:Caledonia to Pictland 3624:Conversion of Britain 3483:Caledonia to Pictland 3431:Caledonia to Pictland 3420:Second Edition p. 359 3204:Caledonia to Pictland 3191:Caledonia to Pictland 3078:Conversion of Britain 2659:Conversion of Britain 2626:Caledonia to Pictland 2565:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 2553:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 2434:Early Medieval Europe 2280:Conversion of Britain 2267:Conversion of Britain 2254:Conversion of Britain 2228:Conversion of Britain 2200:Woolf "Dun Nechtain" 2163:Conversion of Britain 2137:Conversion of Britain 1986:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1916:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1869:William II of England 1839:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1654: 1636:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1623:Resignation and death 1617:parchment dyed purple 1527: 1499:Oswald of Northumbria 1493:Oswald of Northumbria 1432:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1397:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1374:William of Malmesbury 1340:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1320:near the entrance to 1294: 1170: 1163:Dispute with the king 1092:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1054:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 1019: 936:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 928: 901:Bishop of Lindisfarne 897:Colmán of Lindisfarne 800:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 742:Boniface Consiliarius 714: 707:Time at Rome and Lyon 647:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 628:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 615:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 598:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 573:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 555:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 421: 384:Life of Saint Wilfrid 379:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 180:Roman Catholic Church 10672:Wulfthryth of Wilton 10642:Humbert of Stokenham 10572:Cwenburh of Wimborne 10557:Beornwald of Bampton 10532:Aldhelm of Sherborne 10456:Cuthmann of Steyning 10410:Justus of Canterbury 10224:Dryhthelm of Melrose 10179:Bercthun of Beverley 9988:Frithuric of Breedon 9973:Earconwald of London 9958:Eadgyth of Aylesbury 9888:Æthelwynn of Sodbury 9832:Eormengyth of Thanet 9746:Aidan of Lindisfarne 9665:Hildelith of Barking 9660:Æthelburh of Barking 9584:Herefrith of Thorney 9539:Æthelwine of Lindsey 9473:Melorius of Amesbury 8846:Richard of Gravesend 8811:Geoffrey Plantagenet 7849:William Connor Magee 7794:Sir William Dawes Bt 7517:Geoffrey Plantagenet 6428:Nilson, Ben (1998). 5826:Hall, R. A. (2001). 4909:Medieval Monasticism 4294:Barbarian Conversion 4059:Barbarian Conversion 3940:Chadwick "Theodore" 3036:Barbarian Conversion 2882:Medieval Monasticism 2468:Barbarian Conversion 1865:William de St-Calais 1714:Life of Saint Oswald 1698:Canterbury Cathedral 1281:Æthelwealh of Sussex 1201:Diocese of Lichfield 948:Metropolitan Diocese 942:, and that he was a 846:Background to Whitby 816:Bishop of Dorchester 728:Biscop's company at 695:, who was later the 32:Wilfred (given name) 30:For other uses, see 10857:Northumbrian saints 10637:Hædde of Winchester 10607:Eadweard the Martyr 10567:Cuthburh of Wimborn 10507:Æthelflæd of Romsey 10430:Peter of Canterbury 10309:Osthryth of Bardney 10199:Ceadda of Lichfield 10078:Wulfhild of Barking 10063:Werburgh of Chester 10038:Oswald of Worcester 10028:Milred of Worcester 10013:Mildburh of Wenlock 10003:Hæmma of Leominster 9948:Eadburh of Pershore 9943:Eadburh of Bicester 9730:Wulfram of Grantham 9720:Monegunda of Watton 9629:Walstan of Bawburgh 9619:Torthred of Thorney 9579:Guthlac of Crowland 9529:Æthelflæd of Ramsey 9468:Judoc of Winchester 9458:Elfin of Warrington 9428:Brannoc of Braunton 9221:Stephen Conway 8995:Nicholas Bullingham 8816:Walter de Coutances 8514:Philip Shuttleworth 8351:John Christopherson 8215:Robert de Stratford 7819:Robert Hay Drummond 7799:Lancelot Blackburne 7572:Thomas of Corbridge 7557:William de Wickwane 7507:William FitzHerbert 7497:William FitzHerbert 7326:Archbishops of York 7236:Bishop of Leicester 6588:Anglo-Saxon England 6396:A History of Selsey 6373:Mayr-Harting, Henry 6037:John, Eric (1996). 5452:Historical Research 5340:Historical Research 5268:Archbishop Theodore 5119:Blair, Peter Hunter 5097:Blair, Peter Hunter 5033:"About the Diocese" 4907:Quoted in Lawrence 4773:Oxford Book of Days 4713:St Wilfrid of Ripon 4323:Anglo-Saxon England 4190:Anglo-Saxon England 4020:Anglo-Saxon England 3942:Archbishop Theodore 3748:Anglo-Saxon England 3595:Anglo-Saxon England 3498:3rd ed. pp. 133–134 3496:Anglo-Saxon England 3368:Lapidge "Theodore" 3062:Anglo-Saxon England 2805:Historical Research 2779:Historical Research 2094:Keynes "Heptarchy" 2021:"About the Diocese" 1767:Originally spelled 1710:Vita Sancti Oswaldi 1667:in Northumberland; 1401:Bishop of Leicester 1240:Mayor of the Palace 1067:Council of Hertford 956:validly consecrated 944:metropolitan bishop 786:, followers of the 10862:South Saxon saints 10698:Rumbold of Mechlin 10562:Centwine of Wessex 10542:Beocca of Chertsey 10344:Wilfrith of Hexham 10339:Wihtberht of Ripon 10249:Ealdberht of Ripon 10219:Cuthbert of Durham 10149:Alchmund of Hexham 10134:Æthelwold of Farne 10129:Æthelsige of Ripon 10043:Osburh of Coventry 10023:Mildrith of Thanet 9983:Freomund of Mercia 9923:Cyneburh of Castor 9908:Coenwulf of Mercia 9883:Æthelred of Mercia 9847:Sigeburh of Thanet 9837:Mildrith of Thanet 9797:Æthelburh of Kent 9792:Æthelberht of Kent 9739:Irish and Scottish 9695:Balthild of Romsey 9614:Tancred of Thorney 9554:Botwulf of Thorney 9544:Athwulf of Thorney 9534:Æthelthryth of Ely 9503:Sativola of Exeter 9493:Rumon of Tavistock 9478:Nectan of Hartland 9453:Decuman of Watchet 9201:Christopher Lowson 8841:Henry of Lexington 8836:Robert Grosseteste 8792:Remigius de Fécamp 8777:Remigius de Fécamp 8606:Bishops of Lincoln 8529:Ernest Wilberforce 8250:Stephen Patrington 8179:Richard de la Wich 8154:Nicholas de Aquila 7577:William Greenfield 6853:Whitelock, Dorothy 6765:. London: Arnold. 6522:on 14 October 2007 6516:Patron Saint Index 6278:Life of St Wilfrid 5805:Goffart, Walter A. 5218:(1986). "Bede I". 5194:Campbell, James E. 5057:Sherley-Price, Leo 4972:Campbell "Bede I" 4933:Quoted in Hindley 4757:Kings and Kingdoms 4537:Thacker "Ælfflæd" 4378:Kings and Kingdoms 4365:Kings and Kingdoms 4242:Images of Sanctity 4145:Kings and Kingdoms 4072:Kings and Kingdoms 3110:Kings and Kingdoms 2932:Coates "Ceolfrid" 2816:Coates "Ceolfrid" 2672:Kings and Kingdoms 2362:Thacker "Wilfrid" 2176:Kings and Kingdoms 2150:Kings and Kingdoms 2111:Kings and Kingdoms 2071:on 9 October 2016. 1745:Peter Hunter Blair 1673: 1591:Ailred of Rievaulx 1530: 1314:Cædwalla of Wessex 1297: 1287:Missions in Sussex 1173: 1026:Wulfhere of Mercia 1022: 1004:Favourable outcome 931: 725: 529:, which after the 424: 310:Theodore of Tarsus 185:Anglican Communion 10892:Bishops of Hexham 10717: 10716: 10711: 10710: 10688:Arilda of Oldbury 10652:Mærwynn of Romsey 10597:Eadgyth of Wilton 10587:Eadgar of England 10487:Ælfgifu of Exeter 10482:Ælfgar of Selwood 10334:Tatberht of Ripon 10269:Ecgberht of Ripon 10204:Cedd of Lichfield 10109:Ælfflæd of Whitby 10073:Wigstan of Repton 10033:Oda of Canterbury 9918:Credan of Evesham 9898:Beonna of Breedon 9751:Boisil of Melrose 9725:Odwulf of Evesham 9574:Eadnoth of Ramsey 9559:Cissa of Crowland 9448:Dachuna of Bodmin 9423:Barloc of Norbury 9370: 9369: 9262:Bishops of Hexham 9228: 9227: 9010:William Chaderton 8806:Robert de Chesney 8572: 8571: 8463:Edward Waddington 8453:Thomas Manningham 8376:Lancelot Andrewes 8310:Richard FitzJames 8164:Ranulf of Wareham 8139:John of Greenford 7961:Bishops of Selsey 7920: 7919: 7907:(acting diocesan) 7612:Richard le Scrope 7597:Alexander Neville 7279: 7278: 7270:Succeeded by 7243:Succeeded by 7221: 7206:Succeeded by 7201: 7186:Succeeded by 7087:978-0-02-167882-2 6844:978-0-86012-438-2 6752:(subscription or 6718:978-0-631-22492-1 6620:978-0-14-044727-9 6597:978-0-19-280139-5 6558:Stancliffe, C. E. 6249:978-0-631-22492-1 6215:978-0-631-22492-1 6102:978-0-631-22492-1 6029:978-0-692-02245-0 5986:. Ripon Cathedral 5975:978-0-7867-1738-5 5849:978-0-631-22492-1 5700:978-0-7486-1232-1 5597:978-0-19-860949-0 5559:978-0-14-044727-9 5441:(subscription or 5407:978-1-84384-138-8 5123:The World of Bede 4870:Cathedral Shrines 4445:Anglo-Saxon State 4119:History of Selsey 3535:Long-haired Kings 3481:Quoted in Fraser 3202:Quoted in Fraser 2597:(Re-)reading Bede 2523:(Re-)reading Bede 1694:Oda of Canterbury 1487:Cult of St Oswald 1356:Return from exile 1266:to deal with the 539:Gregorian mission 346:Kingdom of Sussex 245: 244: 16:(Redirected from 10914: 10867:Yorkshire saints 10837: 10829: 10828: 10827: 10820: 10812: 10811: 10810: 10800: 10784: 10783: 10782: 10772: 10771: 10770: 10760: 10759: 10748: 10747: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10727: 10622:Edor of Chertsey 10612:Eadwold of Cerne 10477:Æbbe of Abingdon 10425:Paulinus of York 10405:James the Deacon 10354:Wilgils of Ripon 10324:Sicgred of Ripon 10299:John of Beverley 10194:Botwine of Ripon 10169:Bega of Copeland 10154:Alkmund of Derby 9978:Egwin of Evesham 9913:Cotta of Breedon 9863:Ælfnoth of Stowe 9802:Æthelred of Kent 9761:Ultan the Scribe 9710:Helier of Jersey 9644:Wulfric of Holme 9549:Blida of Martham 9483:Neot of Cornwall 9438:Credan of Bodmin 9418:Aldate of Oxford 9397: 9390: 9383: 9374: 9373: 9305:John of Beverley 9255: 9248: 9241: 9232: 9231: 9089:Richard Reynolds 9049:Robert Sanderson 9025:George Montaigne 8934:Thomas Rotherham 8924:Marmaduke Lumley 8904:Philip Repyngdon 8826:William de Blois 8599: 8592: 8585: 8576: 8575: 8534:Charles Ridgeway 8524:Richard Durnford 8326:Robert Sherborne 8174:Robert Passelewe 7947: 7940: 7933: 7924: 7923: 7912:Stephen Cottrell 7854:William Maclagan 7740:George Montaigne 7686:Post-Reformation 7662:Thomas Rotherham 7592:John of Thoresby 7477:Thomas of Bayeux 7364:John of Beverley 7318: 7311: 7304: 7295: 7294: 7282: 7281: 7263:Bishop of Hexham 7256:John of Beverley 7253:Preceded by 7226:Preceded by 7212: 7192: 7169:Preceded by 7158: 7157: 7123: 7100:Northern History 7091: 7072: 7041: 7022: 7000: 6978: 6956: 6930: 6908: 6868: 6848: 6829: 6807: 6790:(306): 144–161. 6776: 6757: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6722: 6697:Lapidge, Michael 6691: 6674:Brooks, Nicholas 6668: 6646: 6631:. Translated by 6624: 6606:Stephen of Ripon 6601: 6579: 6575:978-19077-3027-6 6553: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6518:. Archived from 6507: 6485: 6468:Maddicott, J. R. 6462: 6443: 6424: 6409: 6390: 6368: 6349: 6327: 6310:Levison, Wilhelm 6305: 6272: 6253: 6228:Lapidge, Michael 6224:Lapidge, Michael 6219: 6194:Lapidge, Michael 6190:Lapidge, Michael 6185: 6168: 6149: 6124:(386): 101–114. 6106: 6081:Lapidge, Michael 6072: 6060:H. P. R. Finberg 6052: 6033: 6014: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5979: 5960: 5938: 5916: 5894: 5872: 5853: 5828:Lapidge, Michael 5822: 5800: 5781: 5742: 5723: 5704: 5687:Fraser, James E. 5682: 5663: 5644: 5622: 5601: 5582: 5563: 5543: 5526: 5504: 5481:Northern History 5475: 5458:(201): 273–287. 5446: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5411: 5392: 5375:(262): 177–196. 5363: 5334: 5303: 5281: 5264:Lapidge, Michael 5255: 5233: 5211: 5189: 5167: 5136: 5114: 5092: 5070: 5055:. Translated by 5044: 5042: 5040: 5028: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4957: 4951: 4944: 4938: 4931: 4925: 4918: 4912: 4905: 4899: 4892: 4886: 4879: 4873: 4866: 4860: 4853: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4827: 4821: 4814: 4808: 4801: 4792: 4785: 4776: 4769: 4760: 4753: 4747: 4740: 4734: 4727: 4716: 4709: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4683: 4677: 4670: 4664: 4657: 4651: 4644: 4638: 4631: 4625: 4618: 4607: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4581: 4574: 4568: 4561: 4555: 4548: 4542: 4535: 4529: 4522: 4516: 4509: 4503: 4496: 4490: 4483: 4474: 4467: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4441: 4435: 4428: 4422: 4419:Cross Goes North 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4390: 4381: 4374: 4368: 4361: 4355: 4348: 4339: 4332: 4326: 4319: 4310: 4303: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4264: 4258: 4251: 4245: 4238: 4232: 4225: 4219: 4212: 4206: 4203:Northern History 4199: 4193: 4186: 4177: 4170: 4161: 4154: 4148: 4141: 4135: 4128: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4102: 4093: 4086: 4075: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4049: 4042: 4036: 4029: 4023: 4016: 4010: 4003: 3997: 3990: 3984: 3977: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3899: 3890: 3883: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3789: 3780: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3751: 3744: 3731: 3724: 3718: 3711: 3705: 3698: 3692: 3685: 3679: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3648:Quoted in Brown 3646: 3640: 3633: 3627: 3620: 3611: 3604: 3598: 3591: 3582: 3575: 3569: 3562: 3551: 3544: 3538: 3533:Wallace-Hadrill 3531: 3525: 3518: 3512: 3505: 3499: 3492: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3453: 3447: 3440: 3434: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3408: 3401: 3386: 3379: 3373: 3366: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3298: 3291: 3285: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3226: 3220: 3213: 3207: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3178: 3171: 3165: 3158: 3147: 3140: 3129: 3122: 3113: 3106: 3097: 3090: 3081: 3074: 3065: 3058: 3052: 3045: 3039: 3032: 3023: 3016: 3005: 2998: 2992: 2985: 2979: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2953: 2946: 2937: 2930: 2924: 2917: 2911: 2904: 2898: 2891: 2885: 2878: 2869: 2862: 2853: 2846: 2821: 2814: 2808: 2801: 2795: 2788: 2782: 2775: 2764: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2725: 2718: 2701: 2694: 2688: 2681: 2675: 2668: 2662: 2657:Quoted in Yorke 2655: 2649: 2642: 2629: 2622: 2616: 2609: 2600: 2593: 2584: 2577: 2568: 2561: 2555: 2545: 2539: 2532: 2526: 2519: 2513: 2510:Sacred Biography 2506: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2480: 2471: 2464: 2437: 2430: 2424: 2417: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2388: 2379: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2283: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2257: 2250: 2244: 2237: 2231: 2224: 2218: 2211: 2205: 2198: 2192: 2185: 2179: 2172: 2166: 2159: 2153: 2146: 2140: 2133: 2127: 2120: 2114: 2107: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2017: 2011: 2006:Hutchinson-Hall 2004: 1989: 1982: 1976: 1969:Clare Stancliffe 1965: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1919: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1878: 1872: 1861: 1855: 1848: 1842: 1831: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1804: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1784:, the regent of 1778: 1772: 1765: 1716:, Oda's nephew, 1520:Monastic network 1318:cathedral church 1125:, first wife of 1061:Diocesan affairs 1030:Ecgberht of Kent 958:he travelled to 895:, a bishop, and 885:James the Deacon 828:Wearmouth-Jarrow 721:Hexham monastery 374:Stephen of Ripon 256: 149:Northamptonshire 128: 115:Personal details 43: 42: 21: 10922: 10921: 10917: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10912: 10911: 10887:Bishops of York 10842: 10841: 10840: 10836:from Wikisource 10830: 10825: 10823: 10813: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10799:sister projects 10796:at Knowledge's 10790: 10780: 10778: 10768: 10766: 10754: 10742: 10732: 10730: 10722: 10718: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10676: 10465: 10439: 10358: 10304:Osana of Howden 10284:Hilda of Whitby 10174:Benedict Biscop 10082: 10058:Tibba of Ryhall 9851: 9775: 9734: 9705:Felix of Dommoc 9687: 9685: 9679: 9675:Sæbbi of London 9648: 9639:Wihtburh of Ely 9624:Tova of Thorney 9604:Seaxburh of Ely 9599:Pega of Peakirk 9594:Huna of Thorney 9507: 9411:British / Welsh 9406: 9401: 9371: 9366: 9264: 9259: 9229: 9224: 9176:Maurice Harland 9120:George Pretyman 9108: 9035:Thomas Winniffe 9005:William Wickham 8965:William Atwater 8943: 8919:William Alnwick 8909:Richard Fleming 8879:Henry Burghersh 8855: 8781: 8679: 8608: 8603: 8573: 8568: 8539:Winfrid Burrows 8519:Ashurst Gilbert 8482: 8473:Matthias Mawson 8423:Ralph Brideoake 8391:Richard Montagu 8386:George Carleton 8381:Samuel Harsnett 8361:Richard Curteys 8331:Richard Sampson 8314: 8295:Reginald Pecock 8270:John Rickingale 8235:Richard Mitford 8230:Thomas Rushhook 8198: 8189:Stephen Bersted 8107: 7956: 7951: 7921: 7916: 7844:William Thomson 7839:Charles Longley 7834:Thomas Musgrave 7824:William Markham 7784:Thomas Lamplugh 7769:Accepted Frewen 7745:Samuel Harsnett 7687: 7681: 7637:Richard Fleming 7567:Henry of Newark 7542:William Langton 7379: 7378:Pre-Reformation 7373: 7328: 7322: 7287: 7275: 7266: 7258: 7248: 7239: 7231: 7211: 7191: 7182: 7174: 7152:primary sources 7131: 7126: 7088: 7038: 7008: 7006:Further reading 7003: 6997: 6975: 6953: 6927: 6845: 6826: 6773: 6751: 6744: 6742: 6719: 6688: 6665: 6643: 6627: 6621: 6598: 6576: 6550: 6536:Southern, R. W. 6525: 6523: 6512:"Saint Wilfrid" 6510: 6504: 6490:Rollason, David 6482: 6459: 6440: 6406: 6387: 6365: 6346: 6324: 6269: 6250: 6216: 6165: 6112:Life of Wilfrid 6103: 6049: 6030: 6011: 5989: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5957: 5935: 5913: 5891: 5869: 5850: 5819: 5797: 5762:10.2307/2852771 5739: 5720: 5701: 5679: 5660: 5641: 5627:Fletcher, R. A. 5604: 5598: 5579: 5560: 5523: 5440: 5433: 5431: 5408: 5300: 5278: 5260:Chadwick, Henry 5252: 5238:Campbell, James 5230: 5216:Campbell, James 5208: 5186: 5172:Brown, Peter G. 5133: 5111: 5089: 5067: 5038: 5036: 5031: 4985: 4980: 4971: 4967: 4958: 4954: 4945: 4941: 4932: 4928: 4919: 4915: 4906: 4902: 4893: 4889: 4880: 4876: 4867: 4863: 4854: 4850: 4841: 4837: 4828: 4824: 4815: 4811: 4802: 4795: 4786: 4779: 4770: 4763: 4754: 4750: 4741: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4710: 4706: 4697: 4693: 4684: 4680: 4671: 4667: 4658: 4654: 4645: 4641: 4632: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4597: 4588: 4584: 4575: 4571: 4562: 4558: 4552:Anglo-Saxon Art 4549: 4545: 4536: 4532: 4523: 4519: 4510: 4506: 4497: 4493: 4484: 4477: 4468: 4464: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4438: 4429: 4425: 4416: 4412: 4405:Craid "Oswald" 4404: 4400: 4391: 4384: 4375: 4371: 4362: 4358: 4352:Western Society 4349: 4342: 4333: 4329: 4320: 4313: 4304: 4300: 4291: 4287: 4278: 4274: 4265: 4261: 4252: 4248: 4239: 4235: 4226: 4222: 4213: 4209: 4200: 4196: 4187: 4180: 4171: 4164: 4155: 4151: 4142: 4138: 4129: 4125: 4116: 4112: 4103: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4065: 4056: 4052: 4043: 4039: 4030: 4026: 4017: 4013: 4004: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3978: 3974: 3965: 3961: 3952: 3948: 3939: 3935: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3909: 3900: 3893: 3884: 3877: 3868: 3864: 3858:Western Society 3855: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3812: 3803: 3799: 3790: 3783: 3774: 3770: 3761: 3754: 3745: 3734: 3725: 3721: 3712: 3708: 3702:Anglo-Saxon Art 3699: 3695: 3686: 3682: 3673: 3669: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3643: 3634: 3630: 3621: 3614: 3605: 3601: 3592: 3585: 3576: 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3541: 3532: 3528: 3519: 3515: 3506: 3502: 3493: 3489: 3480: 3476: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3450: 3441: 3437: 3428: 3424: 3415: 3411: 3402: 3389: 3380: 3376: 3367: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3301: 3292: 3288: 3279: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3249: 3240: 3236: 3227: 3223: 3214: 3210: 3201: 3197: 3188: 3181: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3141: 3132: 3123: 3116: 3107: 3100: 3091: 3084: 3075: 3068: 3059: 3055: 3046: 3042: 3033: 3026: 3017: 3008: 2999: 2995: 2986: 2982: 2973: 2969: 2960: 2956: 2947: 2940: 2931: 2927: 2918: 2914: 2905: 2901: 2892: 2888: 2879: 2872: 2863: 2856: 2847: 2824: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2798: 2789: 2785: 2776: 2767: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2728: 2719: 2704: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2678: 2669: 2665: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2632: 2623: 2619: 2610: 2603: 2594: 2587: 2578: 2571: 2562: 2558: 2549:Michael Swanton 2546: 2542: 2533: 2529: 2520: 2516: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2474: 2465: 2440: 2431: 2427: 2418: 2411: 2402: 2398: 2389: 2382: 2373: 2369: 2361: 2286: 2277: 2273: 2264: 2260: 2251: 2247: 2238: 2234: 2225: 2221: 2212: 2208: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2173: 2169: 2160: 2156: 2147: 2143: 2134: 2130: 2121: 2117: 2108: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2080: 2076: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2008:Orthodox Saints 2005: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1983: 1979: 1966: 1962: 1953: 1949: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1894:Life of Wilfrid 1892:. However, the 1879: 1875: 1862: 1858: 1849: 1845: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1779: 1775: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1649: 1625: 1605:Roman catacombs 1583: 1522: 1495: 1489: 1484: 1448: 1393: 1358: 1353: 1289: 1218: 1177:Hilda of Whitby 1165: 1160: 1063: 1042:Pictish kingdom 1006: 972: 964:Bishop of Paris 923: 918: 881: 848: 843: 841:Synod of Whitby 837: 768: 709: 701:Benedict Biscop 664: 659: 639:Charles Plummer 551: 448:Kingdom of Kent 416: 410: 358:South Yorkshire 304:After becoming 287:Synod of Whitby 254: 225: 189: 143: 134: 129: 126: 54: 51: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10920: 10910: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10839: 10838: 10821: 10792: 10789: 10788: 10776: 10764: 10752: 10740: 10715: 10714: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10684: 10682: 10681:Unclear origin 10678: 10677: 10675: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10473: 10471: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10447: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10294:Iwig of Wilton 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10264:Eata of Hexham 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10164:Beda of Jarrow 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10094:Acca of Hexham 10090: 10088: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9893:Aldwyn of Coln 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9783: 9781: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9756:Echa of Crayke 9753: 9748: 9742: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9700:Bertha of Kent 9697: 9691: 9689: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9656: 9654: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9515: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9414: 9412: 9408: 9407: 9400: 9399: 9392: 9385: 9377: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9364: 9359:See united to 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9284: 9278: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9258: 9257: 9250: 9243: 9235: 9226: 9225: 9223: 9222: 9219: 9211: 9207:Stephen Conway 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9181:Kenneth Riches 9178: 9173: 9168: 9166:Aylmer Skelton 9163: 9158: 9156:William Swayne 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9116: 9114: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9106: 9104:Thomas Thurlow 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9074:James Gardiner 9071: 9069:Thomas Tenison 9066: 9061: 9059:William Fuller 9056: 9051: 9046: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9015:William Barlow 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8975:Henry Holbeach 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8951: 8949: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8929:John Chadworth 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8899:Henry Beaufort 8896: 8894:John Bokyngham 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8869: 8863: 8861: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8821:Hugh of Avalon 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8789: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8767:Ulfus Normanus 8764: 8756: 8751: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8687: 8685: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8616: 8614: 8610: 8609: 8602: 8601: 8594: 8587: 8579: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8490: 8488: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8412: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8371:Anthony Watson 8368: 8366:Thomas Bickley 8363: 8358: 8356:William Barlow 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8322: 8320: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8280:Simon Sydenham 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8149:Simon of Wells 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8124:Ralph de Luffa 8121: 8115: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8103:See translated 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7950: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7927: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7874:Michael Ramsey 7871: 7866: 7864:William Temple 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7809:Matthew Hutton 7806: 7804:Thomas Herring 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7774:Richard Sterne 7771: 7766: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7735:Tobias Matthew 7732: 7730:Matthew Hutton 7727: 7722: 7717: 7715:Edmund Grindal 7712: 7707: 7705:Nicholas Heath 7702: 7700:Robert Holgate 7697: 7691: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7657:Lawrence Booth 7654: 7652:George Neville 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7617:Thomas Langley 7614: 7609: 7604: 7602:Thomas Arundel 7599: 7594: 7589: 7587:William Zouche 7584: 7582:William Melton 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7562:John le Romeyn 7559: 7554: 7552:Walter Giffard 7549: 7544: 7539: 7537:Godfrey Ludham 7534: 7532:Sewal de Bovil 7529: 7527:Walter de Gray 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7383: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7340: 7338: 7330: 7329: 7321: 7320: 7313: 7306: 7298: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7268: 7259: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7241: 7232: 7227: 7223: 7222: 7209:Eata of Hexham 7207: 7203: 7202: 7197:Bishop of York 7187: 7184: 7175: 7172:Chad of Mercia 7170: 7166: 7165: 7156: 7155: 7141: 7130: 7129:External links 7127: 7125: 7124: 7092: 7086: 7073: 7055:(2): 163–183. 7042: 7036: 7023: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6995: 6983:Yorke, Barbara 6979: 6973: 6961:Yorke, Barbara 6957: 6951: 6939:Carver, Martin 6935:Yorke, Barbara 6931: 6925: 6909: 6883:(2): 182–201. 6869: 6849: 6843: 6830: 6824: 6808: 6777: 6771: 6758: 6723: 6717: 6692: 6686: 6669: 6663: 6647: 6641: 6625: 6619: 6602: 6596: 6584:Stenton, F. M. 6580: 6574: 6554: 6548: 6532: 6508: 6502: 6486: 6480: 6463: 6457: 6444: 6438: 6425: 6410: 6404: 6391: 6385: 6369: 6363: 6350: 6344: 6328: 6322: 6306: 6288:(2): 163–182. 6273: 6267: 6254: 6248: 6220: 6214: 6186: 6169: 6163: 6150: 6107: 6101: 6073: 6053: 6047: 6034: 6028: 6015: 6009: 5996: 5980: 5974: 5961: 5955: 5939: 5933: 5917: 5911: 5895: 5889: 5877:Herrin, Judith 5873: 5867: 5854: 5848: 5823: 5817: 5801: 5795: 5782: 5756:(2): 213–246. 5743: 5737: 5724: 5718: 5705: 5699: 5683: 5677: 5664: 5658: 5645: 5639: 5623: 5602: 5596: 5583: 5577: 5564: 5558: 5544: 5532:Aldhelmi Opera 5527: 5521: 5509:Dodwell, C. R. 5505: 5476: 5447: 5412: 5406: 5393: 5364: 5335: 5304: 5298: 5282: 5276: 5256: 5250: 5234: 5228: 5212: 5206: 5190: 5184: 5168: 5137: 5131: 5115: 5109: 5093: 5087: 5075:Blair, John P. 5071: 5065: 5045: 5029: 5009:10.1086/385808 4991:Abels, Richard 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4965: 4952: 4939: 4926: 4913: 4900: 4887: 4874: 4861: 4848: 4835: 4822: 4809: 4793: 4777: 4761: 4748: 4735: 4717: 4704: 4691: 4678: 4665: 4652: 4639: 4626: 4608: 4595: 4582: 4569: 4556: 4543: 4530: 4517: 4504: 4491: 4475: 4462: 4449: 4436: 4423: 4410: 4398: 4382: 4369: 4356: 4340: 4327: 4311: 4298: 4285: 4279:Fryde, et al. 4272: 4259: 4246: 4233: 4220: 4216:Aldhelmi Opera 4207: 4194: 4178: 4162: 4149: 4136: 4123: 4110: 4094: 4076: 4063: 4050: 4037: 4024: 4022:3rd ed. p. 138 4011: 3998: 3985: 3972: 3959: 3946: 3933: 3920: 3907: 3891: 3875: 3862: 3849: 3836: 3823: 3810: 3797: 3781: 3768: 3752: 3732: 3719: 3706: 3693: 3680: 3667: 3654: 3641: 3628: 3612: 3599: 3597:3rd ed. p. 135 3583: 3570: 3552: 3539: 3526: 3513: 3500: 3487: 3474: 3461: 3448: 3435: 3422: 3409: 3387: 3374: 3361: 3348: 3335: 3299: 3286: 3273: 3260: 3247: 3243:Western Church 3234: 3221: 3208: 3195: 3179: 3166: 3148: 3142:Fryde, et al. 3130: 3114: 3098: 3082: 3066: 3053: 3040: 3024: 3006: 2993: 2980: 2967: 2954: 2938: 2925: 2912: 2899: 2886: 2870: 2854: 2822: 2809: 2796: 2783: 2765: 2752: 2739: 2726: 2702: 2689: 2676: 2663: 2650: 2630: 2617: 2601: 2585: 2581:Medieval State 2569: 2556: 2540: 2527: 2514: 2501: 2488: 2472: 2438: 2425: 2409: 2396: 2380: 2367: 2284: 2271: 2258: 2245: 2232: 2219: 2206: 2193: 2180: 2167: 2154: 2141: 2128: 2115: 2099: 2087: 2074: 2056: 2034: 2012: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1990: 1977: 1967:The historian 1960: 1947: 1929: 1920: 1907: 1898: 1873: 1856: 1843: 1826: 1817: 1808: 1799: 1790: 1773: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1750:R. W. Southern 1743:The historian 1696:, and held in 1648: 1645: 1624: 1621: 1587:Hadrian's Wall 1582: 1579: 1521: 1518: 1491:Main article: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1447: 1444: 1440:excommunicated 1420:Pope Sergius I 1392: 1389: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1322:Pagham Harbour 1288: 1285: 1272:Henry Chadwick 1217: 1216:Appeal to Rome 1214: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1140:The historian 1062: 1059: 1005: 1002: 982:Quartodecimans 971: 968: 922: 919: 917: 914: 880: 877: 847: 844: 839:Main article: 836: 833: 776:King of Wessex 767: 766:Abbot of Ripon 764: 708: 705: 663: 660: 658: 655: 550: 547: 515:Dunbartonshire 428:English people 412:Main article: 409: 406: 317:. However his 243: 242: 237:(Sussex), and 231: 227: 226: 224: 223: 222: 221: 218: 213: 205: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 188: 187: 182: 177: 171: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 152: 151: 140: 136: 135: 130: 121: 117: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 60:Bishop of York 56: 55: 52: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10919: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10847: 10835: 10834: 10822: 10818: 10817: 10805: 10804: 10801: 10795: 10787: 10777: 10775: 10765: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10739: 10729: 10728: 10725: 10720: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10679: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10361: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9854: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9778: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9737: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9688:and Old Saxon 9682: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9651: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9510: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9498:Samson of Dol 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9463:Ivo of Ramsey 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9398: 9393: 9391: 9386: 9384: 9379: 9378: 9375: 9363: 9362: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9326: 9324: 9320: 9318: 9314: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9302: 9300: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9277: 9276: 9273:erected from 9271: 9270: 9267: 9263: 9256: 9251: 9249: 9244: 9242: 9237: 9236: 9233: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9212: 9210: 9208: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9126:George Pelham 9124: 9121: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9111: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9084:Edmund Gibson 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9064:Thomas Barlow 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9054:Benjamin Lany 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9030:John Williams 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9020:Richard Neile 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 9000:Thomas Cooper 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8990:Thomas Watson 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8970:John Longland 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8960:Thomas Wolsey 8958: 8956: 8955:William Smyth 8953: 8952: 8950: 8946: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8870: 8868: 8867:John Dalderby 8865: 8864: 8862: 8860:Late Medieval 8858: 8852: 8851:Oliver Sutton 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8831:Hugh of Wells 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8791: 8790: 8788: 8786:High Medieval 8784: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8682: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8600: 8595: 8593: 8588: 8586: 8581: 8580: 8577: 8565: 8564:Martin Warner 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8509:William Otter 8507: 8505: 8504:Edward Maltby 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8485: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8458:Thomas Bowers 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8448:John Williams 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8438:Simon Patrick 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8418:Peter Gunning 8416: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8323: 8321: 8317: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8285:Richard Praty 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8275:Thomas Brunce 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8265:Thomas Polton 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8240:Robert Waldby 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8225:William Reade 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8203:Late Medieval 8201: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8184:John Climping 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8169:Ralph Neville 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8159:Richard Poore 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112:High Medieval 8110: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7943: 7941: 7936: 7934: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7905:Paul Ferguson 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7884:Stuart Blanch 7882: 7880: 7879:Donald Coggan 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7869:Cyril Garbett 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7758: 7756: 7755:John Williams 7753: 7751: 7750:Richard Neile 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7677:Thomas Wolsey 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7667:Thomas Savage 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7647:William Booth 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7632:Philip Morgan 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7622:Robert Hallam 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7607:Robert Waldby 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7522:Simon Langton 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7462:Ælfric Puttoc 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7319: 7314: 7312: 7307: 7305: 7300: 7299: 7296: 7290: 7283: 7274: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7251: 7247: 7238: 7237: 7230: 7224: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7210: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7190: 7181: 7180: 7173: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7079: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7043: 7039: 7037:2-503-50668-2 7033: 7029: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7011: 7010: 6998: 6996:0-415-16639-X 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6974:0-582-77292-3 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6952:1-84383-125-2 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6926:0-7185-0231-0 6922: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6836: 6831: 6827: 6825:0-8020-6500-7 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6784: 6778: 6774: 6772:0-340-60118-3 6768: 6764: 6759: 6755: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6705:Keynes, Simon 6702: 6698: 6693: 6689: 6687:0-7185-0003-2 6683: 6679: 6675: 6670: 6666: 6664:0-415-92129-5 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6642:0-415-92129-5 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6549:0-14-020503-9 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6503:0-7914-2715-3 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6481:1-85285-195-3 6477: 6473: 6469: 6464: 6460: 6458:0-7509-1947-7 6454: 6450: 6445: 6441: 6439:0-85115-540-5 6435: 6431: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6416:History Today 6411: 6407: 6405:0-85033-672-4 6401: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6386:0-271-00769-9 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6364:0-393-95132-4 6360: 6356: 6351: 6347: 6345:0-8047-1217-4 6341: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6323:0-19-821232-1 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6274: 6270: 6268:0-582-40427-4 6264: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6236:Keynes, Simon 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6202:Keynes, Simon 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6170: 6166: 6164:0-415-24211-8 6160: 6156: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6104: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6089:Keynes, Simon 6086: 6082: 6078: 6077:Keynes, Simon 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6054: 6050: 6048:0-7190-5053-7 6044: 6040: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6012: 6010:0-19-866260-2 6006: 6002: 5997: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5956:0-415-35368-8 5952: 5948: 5944: 5943:Higham, N. J. 5940: 5936: 5934:0-86299-730-5 5930: 5926: 5922: 5921:Higham, N. J. 5918: 5914: 5912:0-7190-4827-3 5908: 5904: 5900: 5899:Higham, N. J. 5896: 5892: 5890:0-691-00831-0 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5868:0-19-507907-8 5864: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5836:Keynes, Simon 5833: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5818:0-691-05514-9 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5796:0-85362-155-1 5792: 5788: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5750: 5744: 5740: 5738:0-907307-05-1 5734: 5730: 5725: 5721: 5719:0-521-56350-X 5715: 5711: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5678:0-9531979-0-5 5674: 5670: 5665: 5661: 5659:0-7734-9513-4 5655: 5651: 5646: 5642: 5640:0-8050-2763-7 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5580: 5578:0-85362-155-1 5574: 5570: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5528: 5524: 5522:0-8014-9300-5 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5444: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5346:(174): 1–13. 5345: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5299:1-85182-489-8 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5277:0-521-48077-9 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5251:0-907628-32-X 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5229:0-907628-32-X 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5207:1-85285-176-7 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5185:0-631-22138-7 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5132:0-521-39819-3 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5110:0-521-53777-0 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5088:0-19-921117-5 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5066:0-14-044042-9 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4988: 4987: 4975: 4969: 4962: 4961:World of Bede 4956: 4949: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4917: 4910: 4904: 4897: 4891: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4858: 4852: 4845: 4839: 4832: 4826: 4819: 4813: 4806: 4800: 4798: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4758: 4752: 4745: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4714: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4688: 4682: 4675: 4669: 4662: 4661:World of Bede 4656: 4649: 4646:Kirby "Bede" 4643: 4636: 4630: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4605: 4604:World of Bede 4599: 4592: 4586: 4579: 4573: 4566: 4560: 4553: 4547: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4526:History Today 4521: 4514: 4508: 4501: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4472: 4466: 4459: 4453: 4446: 4440: 4433: 4427: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4379: 4373: 4366: 4360: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4337: 4331: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4308: 4302: 4295: 4289: 4282: 4276: 4269: 4266:Kirby "Bede" 4263: 4256: 4250: 4243: 4237: 4230: 4224: 4217: 4214:Ehwald (ed.) 4211: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4153: 4146: 4140: 4133: 4127: 4120: 4114: 4107: 4101: 4099: 4091: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4073: 4067: 4060: 4054: 4047: 4041: 4034: 4028: 4021: 4015: 4008: 4005:Mayr-Harting 4002: 3995: 3989: 3982: 3976: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3950: 3943: 3937: 3930: 3924: 3917: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3888: 3882: 3880: 3872: 3866: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3801: 3794: 3788: 3786: 3778: 3772: 3765: 3759: 3757: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3729: 3723: 3716: 3710: 3703: 3697: 3690: 3684: 3677: 3671: 3664: 3658: 3651: 3645: 3638: 3632: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3609: 3603: 3596: 3590: 3588: 3580: 3574: 3567: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3549: 3546:Kirby "Bede" 3543: 3536: 3530: 3523: 3517: 3510: 3504: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3478: 3471: 3465: 3458: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3432: 3426: 3419: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3384: 3378: 3371: 3365: 3358: 3352: 3345: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3296: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3270: 3264: 3257: 3251: 3244: 3238: 3231: 3228:Mayr-Harting 3225: 3218: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3192: 3186: 3184: 3176: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3127: 3121: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3103: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3079: 3073: 3071: 3063: 3057: 3050: 3049:World of Bede 3044: 3037: 3031: 3029: 3021: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3003: 2997: 2990: 2984: 2977: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2935: 2929: 2922: 2921:World of Bede 2916: 2909: 2908:World of Bede 2903: 2896: 2895:World of Bede 2890: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2867: 2866:Convert Kings 2861: 2859: 2851: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2819: 2813: 2806: 2800: 2793: 2787: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2762: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2723: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2699: 2698:World of Bede 2693: 2686: 2680: 2673: 2667: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2611:Mayr-Harting 2608: 2606: 2598: 2592: 2590: 2582: 2576: 2574: 2567:pp. xviii–xix 2566: 2560: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2537: 2531: 2524: 2518: 2511: 2505: 2498: 2492: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2469: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2435: 2429: 2422: 2416: 2414: 2406: 2400: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2377: 2376:World of Bede 2371: 2365: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2281: 2275: 2268: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2223: 2216: 2210: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2184: 2177: 2171: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2112: 2106: 2104: 2097: 2091: 2084: 2078: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2044: 2043:"St. Wilfrid" 2038: 2022: 2016: 2009: 2003: 1999: 1987: 1981: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1957: 1951: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1924: 1917: 1911: 1902: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1853: 1847: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1821: 1812: 1803: 1794: 1787: 1783: 1777: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1753: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1659:(centre) and 1658: 1653: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1578: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1504: 1503:Bardney Abbey 1500: 1494: 1482:Other aspects 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1333:Isle of Wight 1329: 1327: 1326:Church Norton 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1293: 1284: 1282: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1169: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1143: 1142:Barbara Yorke 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1001: 999: 995: 989: 987: 983: 978: 967: 965: 961: 957: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 927: 913: 910: 904: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 876: 874: 869: 865: 861: 856: 854: 842: 832: 829: 825: 824:Gilling Abbey 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784:Melrose Abbey 781: 777: 773: 763: 761: 760: 755: 751: 745: 743: 739: 735: 731: 722: 718: 713: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 673: 668: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 618:, but as the 617: 616: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582: 576: 574: 569: 564: 560: 556: 546: 544: 540: 535: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 464:Middle Angles 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432:Tribal Hidage 429: 420: 415: 405: 403: 399: 395: 394: 389: 385: 381: 380: 375: 370: 368: 364: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 342:episcopal see 339: 335: 330: 328: 324: 320: 316: 311: 307: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 253: 249: 240: 236: 232: 228: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 208: 207: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 170: 166: 162: 158: 153: 150: 146: 141: 137: 133: 125: 122: 118: 113: 109: 105: 100: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 61: 57: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18:Saint Wilfred 10831: 10819:from Commons 10814: 10793: 10719: 10343: 10189:Bosa of York 10087:Northumbrian 9512:East Anglian 9358: 9323:Frithubeorht 9310: 9272: 9213: 9205: 9186:Simon Phipps 9161:Nugent Hicks 9151:Edward Hicks 9136:John Jackson 9079:William Wake 9042:Commonwealth 9039: 8948:Early modern 8939:John Russell 8914:William Grey 8889:John Gynwell 8871: 8796:Robert Bloet 8761: 8748: 8720: 8674: 8624: 8549:Roger Wilson 8494:John Buckner 8468:Francis Hare 8443:Robert Grove 8428:Guy Carleton 8408:Commonwealth 8405: 8319:Early modern 8305:Edward Story 8300:John Arundel 8290:Adam Moleyns 8220:William Lenn 8210:John Langton 8102: 7967: 7903: 7899:John Sentamu 7889:John Habgood 7814:John Gilbert 7762:Commonwealth 7759: 7720:Edwin Sandys 7710:Thomas Young 7502:Henry Murdac 7353: 7324:Bishops and 7261: 7234: 7214: 7213: 7194: 7193: 7177: 7135: 7103: 7099: 7077: 7052: 7046: 7027: 7018: 7014: 6986: 6964: 6942: 6916: 6880: 6876: 6856: 6834: 6815: 6787: 6781: 6762: 6743:. 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Higham 1174: 1152: 1145:a church at 1139: 1114: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1084: 1064: 1053: 1038: 1023: 1007: 990: 973: 952: 935: 932: 905: 882: 860:Whitby Abbey 857: 849: 807: 803: 799: 795: 769: 757: 746: 726: 715:7th-century 697:King of Kent 669: 665: 651:James Fraser 646: 642: 636: 627: 623: 619: 613: 605: 597: 593: 589: 585: 579: 577: 572: 567: 562: 558: 554: 552: 536: 484: 425: 391: 383: 377: 371: 331: 303: 267:Northumbrian 247: 246: 168:Venerated in 107:Consecration 96:Bosa of York 40: 10762:Catholicism 10750:Middle Ages 10444:South Saxon 10349:Wilfrith II 9361:Lindisfarne 9215:David Court 9196:John Saxbee 9171:Leslie Owen 9146:Edward King 9113:Late modern 9094:John Thomas 8980:John Taylor 8873:Anthony Bek 8721:united see: 8544:George Bell 8499:Robert Carr 8487:Late modern 8396:Brian Duppa 8245:Robert Reed 8093:Æthelric II 7779:John Dolben 7688:archbishops 7627:Henry Bowet 7547:Bonaventure 7457:Wulfstan II 7427:Hrotheweard 7380:archbishops 7335:Reformation 7096:Wood, I. N. 6913:Woolf, Alex 6873:Woolf, Alex 6701:Blair, John 6332:Loyn, H. R. 6232:Blair, John 6198:Blair, John 6085:Blair, John 5832:Blair, John 5003:(1): 1–25. 4924:pp. 155–156 4885:pp. 464–466 4859:pp. 254–255 4807:pp. 536–538 4775:pp. 411–412 4489:pp. 362–363 4458:Age of Bede 4338:pp. 263–264 4309:pp. 260–261 4257:pp. 120–121 4218:pp. 500–502 3983:pp. 142–143 3981:Age of Bede 3931:pp. 217–219 3905:pp. 121–122 3860:pp. 184–185 3834:pp. 209–210 3779:pp. 135–136 3676:Age of Bede 3581:pp. 190–191 3550:pp. 102–104 3297:pp. 220–221 3269:Age of Bede 3096:pp. 361–362 2923:pp. 162–163 2910:pp. 111–112 2792:Age of Bede 2737:pp. 267–268 2628:pp. 190–191 2512:pp. 137–142 2486:pp. 266–267 2470:pp. 175–180 2394:pp. 285–286 2282:pp. 128–129 2269:pp. 114–115 2256:pp. 123–124 2217:pp. 106–112 2204:pp. 182–201 2191:pp. 137–145 1615:written on 1613:gospel book 1562:Peter Brown 1456:papal court 1428:Austerfield 1207:at Hexham, 1186:dower lands 1123:Æthelthryth 1076:Dagobert II 1072:Merovingian 864:controversy 689:Eorcenberht 630:written by 460:East Saxons 454:, Lindsey, 440:East Angles 402:monasticism 376:to write a 354:Austerfield 338:West Sussex 271:Lindisfarne 132:Northumbria 82:Predecessor 10877:709 deaths 10872:634 births 10846:Categories 10470:West Saxon 9653:East Saxon 9339:Æthelberht 9099:John Green 8985:John White 8884:Thomas Bek 8684:Dorchester 8655:Wernbeorht 8414:Henry King 8401:Henry King 8346:George Day 8341:John Scory 8336:George Day 8255:Henry Ware 8078:Æthelric I 7894:David Hope 7859:Cosmo Lang 7789:John Sharp 7725:John Piers 7695:Edward Lee 7432:Wulfstan I 7402:Eanbald II 7369:Wilfrid II 6745:9 November 5434:26 January 5143:Renascence 5039:15 January 4983:References 4791:p. 623–624 4227:Whitelock 3232:p. 129–147 3064:p. 123–125 2748:Renascence 2724:p. 474–476 2615:p. 107–112 2508:Heffernan 2421:Renascence 2049:1 February 2027:1 February 1888:after the 1723:After the 1706:Byrhtferth 1685:translated 1675:Wilfrid's 1671:is nearby. 1554:Withington 1409:Willibrord 754:Columbanus 685:Canterbury 657:Early life 519:Clydesdale 408:Background 275:Canterbury 255: 633 194:Attributes 142:709 or 710 127: 633 74:Term ended 10774:Biography 10627:Evorhilda 9684:Frisian, 9334:Tilbeorht 9191:Bob Hardy 9131:John Kaye 8801:Alexander 8711:Æthelwold 8691:Harlardus 8645:Eadbeorht 8640:Torhthelm 8613:Leicester 8559:John Hind 8554:Eric Kemp 8433:John Lake 8260:John Kemp 8083:Grimketel 8053:Brihthelm 8043:Guthheard 8033:Beornheah 8023:Guthheard 8013:Æthelwulf 7983:Sigeferth 7642:John Kemp 7487:Thomas II 7422:Æthelbald 7397:Eanbald I 7392:Æthelbert 7162:Christian 7144:Wilfrid 2 7120:159866133 7106:: 10–21. 7069:161662106 6905:201796703 6804:154928951 6756:required) 6312:(1973) . 6302:162201866 6146:159599493 6069:263554885 5990:3 October 5984:"History" 5778:162632357 5501:159908050 5487:: 18–38. 5472:144787283 5445:required) 5389:159834983 5360:159820546 5331:159772751 5164:162402718 5025:144462900 4689:pp. 21–22 4443:Campbell 4394:Narrators 4354:pp. 57–58 4350:Southern 4336:Narrators 4307:Narrators 4292:Fletcher 4205:pp. 20–21 4121:pp. 12–13 4057:Fletcher 3970:pp. 24–25 3944:pp. 88–95 3889:pp. 50–51 3856:Southern 3808:pp. 98–99 3795:pp. 48–49 3764:Narrators 3568:pp. 35–37 3472:pp. 70–71 3407:pp. 90–93 3333:pp. 34–35 3258:pp. 18–19 3164:pp. 42–49 3128:pp. 32–33 3112:pp. 84–85 3051:pp. 83–84 3034:Fletcher 2991:pp. 24–25 2965:pp. 52–53 2952:pp. 46–47 2880:Lawrence 2852:pp. 87–88 2820:pp. 76–77 2750:pp. 29–31 2674:pp. 36–37 2648:pp. 78–83 2599:pp. 58–63 2466:Fletcher 2230:pp. 50–56 2178:pp. 83–86 2065:"History" 1995:Citations 1852:Austrasia 1702:Frithegod 1677:feast day 1595:basilicas 1558:fostering 1542:Brixworth 1476:Beornhæth 1436:Berhtwald 1309:Erkenwald 1252:Perctarit 1158:Expulsion 1135:Corbridge 1111:Augustine 1088:antiphons 977:Eric John 960:Compiègne 873:Deusdedit 820:Ceolfrith 620:Chronicle 602:Frithegod 588:. In the 523:Dál Riata 452:Magonsæte 414:Heptarchy 336:, now in 265:. Born a 241:(Roeder). 202:Patronage 160:Feast day 155:Sainthood 92:Successor 66:Appointed 10018:Mildgyth 9686:Frankish 9634:Wendreda 9354:Tidfrith 9349:Eanbehrt 9344:Heardred 9329:Eahlmund 9293:Cuthbert 9287:Trumbert 9217:(acting) 8754:Æthelric 8731:Alnothus 8726:Leofwine 8701:Coenwulf 8660:Hræthhun 8620:Cuthwine 8068:Ordbriht 8063:Æthelgar 7998:Gislhere 7988:Aluberht 7973:Eadberht 7492:Thurstan 7467:Cynesige 7452:Ealdwulf 7417:Wulfhere 7407:Wulfsige 7344:Paulinus 7267:705–709 7240:692–705 7183:664–678 7021:: 13–31. 6985:(1997). 6963:(2006). 6897:25529917 6865:23967961 6814:(1982). 6586:(1971). 6538:(1970). 6423:: 33–39. 6375:(1991). 6334:(1984). 5945:(2006). 5923:(1993). 5901:(1997). 5879:(1989). 5807:(1988). 5749:Speculum 5689:(2009). 5629:(1998). 5607:Folklore 5511:(1985). 5196:(2003). 5174:(2003). 5121:(1990). 5099:(2003). 5077:(2005). 5051:(1988). 4883:Folklore 4711:Forster 4672:Levison 4620:Hindley 4550:Dodwell 4392:Goffart 4334:Goffart 4321:Stenton 4305:Goffart 4188:Stenton 4018:Stenton 3966:Levison 3929:Speculum 3914:Levison 3901:Hindley 3885:Levison 3843:Hindley 3819:Speculum 3762:Goffart 3746:Stenton 3700:Dodwell 3593:Stenton 3494:Stenton 3295:Speculum 3241:Thomson 3060:Stenton 2759:Levison 2644:Hindley 2534:Goffart 2403:Coredon 2390:Goffart 2189:Seanchas 2113:pp. 9–11 1886:Lanfranc 1871:to Rome. 1782:Balthild 1769:Wilfrith 1657:Cuthbert 1600:porticus 1567:Cunipert 1507:Osthryth 1405:Frisians 1363:Æthelred 1238:, whose 1236:Neustria 1127:Ecgfrith 1080:charters 1074:prince, 1050:Pennines 1046:Abercorn 1034:Reculver 998:Wigheard 868:Bernicia 812:Agilbert 792:Cuthbert 780:Alhfrith 734:Annemund 693:Hlothere 643:Historia 590:Historia 507:Gododdin 472:Dumnonia 468:Cornwall 444:Mercians 350:Aldfrith 323:Ecgfrith 308:in 668, 291:Alhfrith 235:Sompting 10794:Wilfrid 10738:England 10724:Portals 10254:Eanmund 10068:Wærstan 10008:Merefin 9856:Mercian 9780:Kentish 9311:Wilfrid 8772:Wulfwig 8759:Eadnoth 8746:Eadnoth 8741:Ælfhelm 8716:Oscytel 8706:Wynsige 8696:Wigmund 8670:Ceobred 8665:Ealdred 8635:Aldwine 8625:Wilfrid 8144:Seffrid 8129:Seffrid 8119:Godfrey 8098:Stigand 8058:Eadhelm 8038:Wulfhun 8028:Wighelm 8018:Cynered 8008:Wihthun 7968:Wilfrid 7472:Ealdred 7437:Oscytel 7412:Wigmund 7354:Wilfrid 7337:bishops 7164:titles 6941:(ed.). 6855:(ed.). 6783:History 6611:Brendan 6564:(ed.). 5770:2852771 5619:1254241 5550:Brendan 5540:9631233 5369:History 5266:(ed.). 4920:Higham 4868:Nilson 4842:Brooks 4803:Farmer 4698:Farmer 4687:Wilfrid 4513:History 4231:no. 165 4046:History 4033:History 3830:Fraser 3775:Higham 3726:Fraser 3713:Fraser 3429:Fraser 3189:Fraser 3004:pp. 2–3 2864:Higham 2807:pp. 1–2 2733:Herrin 2624:Fraser 2595:Higham 2521:Higham 2482:Fraser 2126:pp. 5–7 2081:Fraser 1973:moonbow 1575:Ælfflæd 1546:Evesham 1468:Eadwulf 1424:council 1384:Aldhelm 1376:in his 1256:Lombard 1231:Utrecht 1223:Aldgisl 1197:Lindsey 1147:Melrose 772:Cenwalh 750:tonsure 681:Psalter 672:Eanflæd 549:Sources 527:Fortriu 480:Gwynedd 438:), the 319:diocese 315:liturgy 279:Francia 248:Wilfrid 233:Ripon, 230:Shrines 53:Wilfrid 10786:Saints 10385:Blaise 10289:Hyglac 9670:Osgyth 8736:Æscwig 8650:Unwona 8630:Headda 8134:Hilary 8073:Ælfmær 8048:Ælfred 7993:Oswald 7482:Gerard 7447:Oswald 7442:Edwald 7387:Egbert 7246:Headda 7138:Book V 7118: 7084: 7067: 7034: 6993: 6971: 6949: 6923: 6903: 6895: 6863: 6841: 6822: 6802: 6769: 6715: 6684: 6661: 6639: 6617: 6594: 6572: 6546: 6500: 6478: 6455: 6436: 6402: 6383: 6361: 6342: 6320: 6300: 6265: 6246: 6212: 6182:399516 6180: 6161: 6144: 6138:570165 6136: 6099: 6067: 6045: 6026: 6007: 5972: 5953: 5931: 5909: 5887: 5865: 5846: 5815: 5793: 5776: 5768: 5735: 5716: 5697: 5675: 5656: 5637: 5617: 5594: 5575: 5556: 5538: 5519: 5499: 5470: 5404: 5387: 5358: 5329: 5296: 5274: 5248: 5226: 5204: 5182: 5162: 5129: 5107: 5085: 5063: 5023: 5017:175617 5015: 4963:p. 152 4959:Blair 4946:Brown 4820:p. 314 4816:Blair 4787:Walsh 4755:Yorke 4733:p. 163 4729:Yorke 4663:p. 189 4659:Blair 4650:p. 101 4637:p. 158 4633:Kirby 4606:p. 228 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