Saffron - Knowledge

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colouring strength can range from lower than 80 (for all category IV saffron) up to 200 or greater (for category I). The world's finest samples (the selected, most red-maroon, tips of stigmas picked from the finest flowers) receive colouring strengths in excess of 250, making such saffron over three times more powerful than category IV saffron. Market prices for saffron types follow directly from these ISO categories. Sargol and coupé saffron would typically fall into ISO 3632 category I. Pushal and Mancha would probably be assigned to category II. On many saffron packaging labels, neither the ISO 3632 category nor the colouring strength (the measurement of crocin content) is displayed.

2003: 446:, where annual rainfall averages 1,000–1,500 mm (40–60 in); saffron-growing regions in Greece (500 mm or 20 in annually) and Spain (400 mm or 16 in) are far drier than the main cultivating Iranian regions. What makes this possible is the timing of the local wet seasons; generous spring rains and drier summers are optimal. Rain immediately preceding flowering boosts saffron yields; rainy or cold weather during flowering promotes disease and reduces yields. Persistently damp and hot conditions harm the crops, and rabbits, rats, and birds cause damage by digging up corms. 863: 2116: 328:, underground, bulb-like, starch-storing organs, must be dug up, divided, and replanted. A corm survives for one season, producing via vegetative division up to ten "cormlets" that can grow into new plants in the next season. The compact corms are small, brown globules that can measure as large as 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, have a flat base, and are shrouded in a dense mat of parallel fibres; this coat is referred to as the "corm tunic". Corms also bear vertical fibres, thin and net-like, that grow up to 5 cm (2 in) above the plant's neck. 229: 2357: 6268: 597: 2162:, it discusses 252 plant-based medical treatments for various disorders. Nevertheless, around the 3rd century AD, the Chinese were referring to it as having a Kashmiri provenance. According to the herbalist Wan Zhen, "the habitat of saffron is in Kashmir, where people grow it principally to offer it to the Buddha". Wan also reflected on how it was used in his time: "The flower withers after a few days, and then the saffron is obtained. It is valued for its uniform yellow colour. It can be used to aromatise wine." 871: 237: 18504: 508: 2369: 2381: 2345: 43: 18493: 855: 2243: 15692: 16894: 18516: 553: 16906: 1810: 499:

of dormancy through the summer, the corms send up their narrow leaves and begin to bud in early autumn. Only in mid-autumn do they flower. Harvests are by necessity a speedy affair: after blossoming at dawn, flowers quickly wilt as the day passes. All plants bloom within a window of one or two weeks. Stigmas are dried quickly upon extraction and (preferably) sealed in airtight containers.

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roots, stems, and leaves can develop between October and February. Planting depth and corm spacing, in concert with climate, are critical factors in determining yields. Mother corms planted deeper yield higher-quality saffron, though they form fewer flower buds and daughter corms. Italian growers optimise thread yield by planting 15 cm (6 in) deep and in rows 2–3 cm (

1139: 975:, a federation of national standards bodies. ISO 3632 deals exclusively with saffron and establishes three categories: III (poorest quality), II, and I (finest quality). Formerly there was also category IV, which was below category III. Samples are assigned categories by gauging the spice's crocin and picrocrocin content, revealed by measurements of specific spectrophotometric 1221: oz) could be purchased for $ 16.26 or the equivalent of $ 9,560/kg ($ 4,336/lb), or as little as about $ 4,400/kg ($ 2,000/lb) in larger quantities. There are between 150,000 and 440,000 threads /kg (70,000 and 200,000 threads/lb). Vivid crimson colouring, slight moistness, elasticity, and lack of broken-off thread debris are all traits of fresh saffron. 442:, and similar climates where hot and dry summer breezes sweep semi-arid lands. It can nonetheless survive cold winters, tolerating frosts as low as −10 °C (14 °F) and short periods of snow cover. Some reports suggest saffron can tolerate an air temperature range from −22 to 40 °C. Irrigation is required if grown outside of moist environments such as 1031:, and other powders used as diluting fillers. Adulteration can also consist of selling mislabelled mixes of different saffron grades. Thus, high-grade Kashmiri saffron is often sold and mixed with cheaper Iranian imports; these mixes are then marketed as pure Kashmiri saffron, a development that has cost Kashmiri growers much of their income. 2301:. The ship sank in 1495 while on a diplomatic mission to Sweden. Excavations in 2021 revealed concentrations of saffron threads and small "pucks" of compressed saffron powder, along with fresh ginger, cloves, and pepper. Surprisingly, the saffron retained its distinctive odour even after more than 500 years of submersion in the Baltic Sea. 2072:. Documentation of saffron's use over the span of 3,500 years has been uncovered. Saffron-based pigments have indeed been found in 50,000-year-old depictions of prehistoric places in northwest Iran. The Sumerians later used wild-growing saffron in their remedies and magical potions. Saffron was an article of long-distance trade before the 956:(stigmas attached with parts of the style). Countries producing less saffron do not have specialised words for different grades and may only produce one grade. Artisan producers in Europe and New Zealand have offset their higher labour charges for saffron harvesting by targeting quality, only offering extremely high-grade saffron. 1122:'Cashmirianus'), which is among the most difficult for consumers to obtain. Repeated droughts, blights, and crop failures in Kashmir combined with an Indian export ban, contribute to its prohibitive overseas prices. Kashmiri saffron is recognizable by its dark maroon-purple hue, making it among the world's darkest. In 2020, 2329:

aftermath of the War of 1812, when many saffron-bearing merchant vessels were destroyed. Yet the Pennsylvania Dutch continued to grow lesser amounts of saffron for local trade and use in their cakes, noodles, and chicken or trout dishes. American saffron cultivation survives into modern times, mainly in

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by the 10th century BC. At such sites, saffron threads were woven into textiles, ritually offered to divinities, and used in dyes, perfumes, medicines, and body washes. Saffron threads would thus be scattered across beds and mixed into hot teas as a curative for bouts of melancholy. Non-Persians also

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protected due to its particularly high-quality colour and strong flavour. Various "boutique" crops are available from New Zealand, France, Switzerland, England, the United States, and other countries—some of them organically grown. In the US, Pennsylvania Dutch saffron—known for its "earthy" notes—is

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Conflicting theories explain saffron's arrival in South Asia. Kashmiri and Chinese accounts date its arrival anywhere between 2500 and 900 years ago. Historians studying ancient Persian records date the arrival to sometime prior to 500 BC, attributing it to a Persian transplantation of saffron corms

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Saffron's aroma is often described by connoisseurs as reminiscent of metallic honey with grassy or hay-like notes, while its taste has also been noted as hay-like and sweet. Saffron also contributes a luminous yellow-orange colouring to foods. Saffron is widely used in Persian, Indian, European, and

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According to the statistics for saffron trade in 2019, Iran was ranked as the world's largest producer of saffron, supplying 430 tons of the total 450 tons of saffron produced worldwide and is expected to reach 500 tons in 2020. India, producing only 22 tons of saffron annually, ranked second. Other

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The high retail value of saffron is maintained on world markets because of labour-intensive harvesting methods, which require some 440,000 hand-picked saffron stigmas per kilogram (200,000 stigmas/lb) – equivalently, 150,000 crocus flowers per kilogram (70,000 flowers/lb). Forty hours of labour are

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soils with high organic content. Traditional raised beds promote good drainage. Soil organic content was historically boosted via application of some 20–30 tonnes per hectare (9–13 short tons per acre) of manure. Afterwards, and with no further manure application, corms were planted. After a period

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stigmas were used to flavour dishes around Taranto, South Italy. In Syria the stigmas of an unknown wild species were collected by women and children, sun-dried and pressed into small tablets which were sold in the Bazaars. Not all ancient depictions or descriptions of saffron spice or flowers are

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The various saffron crocus cultivars give rise to thread types that are often regionally distributed and characteristically distinct. Varieties (not varieties in the botanical sense) from Spain, including the tradenames "Spanish Superior" and "Creme", are generally mellower in colour, flavour, and

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reports at certified testing laboratories worldwide. Higher absorbances imply greater levels of crocin, picrocrocin and safranal, and thus a greater colouring potential and therefore strength per gram. The absorbance reading of crocin is known as the "colouring strength" of that saffron. Saffron's

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in spring, the plant sends up its true leaves, each up to 40 cm (16 in) in length. Only in October, after most other flowering plants have released their seeds, do its brilliantly hued flowers develop; they range from a light pastel shade of lilac to a darker and more striated mauve. The

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The plants fare poorly in shady conditions; they grow best in full sunlight. Fields that slope towards the sunlight are optimal (i.e., south-sloping in the Northern Hemisphere). Planting is mostly done in June in the Northern Hemisphere, where corms are lodged 7–15 cm (3–6 in) deep; its

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3632 after laboratory measurement of crocin (responsible for saffron's colour), picrocrocin (taste), and safranal (fragrance or aroma) content. However, often there is no clear grading information on the product packaging and little of the saffron readily available in the UK is labelled with ISO

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cultivated saffron throughout eastern Pennsylvania. Spanish colonies in the Caribbean bought large amounts of this new American saffron, and high demand ensured that saffron's list price on the Philadelphia commodities exchange was equal to gold. Trade with the Caribbean later collapsed in the

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Saffron is not all of the same quality and strength. Strength is related to several factors including the amount of style picked along with the red stigma. Age of the saffron is also a factor. More style included means the saffron is less strong gram for gram because the colour and flavour are

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protected status and this is displayed on the product packaging. Spanish growers fought hard for Protected Status because they felt that imports of Iranian saffron re-packaged in Spain and sold as "Spanish Mancha saffron" were undermining the genuine La Mancha brand. Similar was the case in

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to stock new gardens and parks. Phoenicians then marketed Kashmiri saffron as a dye and a treatment for melancholy. Its use in foods and dyes subsequently spread throughout South Asia. Buddhist monks wear saffron-coloured robes; however, the robes are not dyed with costly saffron but

743:, a product results that is itself water-soluble. The resultant α-crocin is a carotenoid pigment that may make up more than 10% of dry saffron's mass. The two esterified gentiobioses make α-crocin ideal for colouring water-based and non-fatty foods such as rice dishes. 12085: 990:

However, many growers, traders, and consumers reject such lab test numbers. Some people prefer a more holistic method of sampling batches of threads for taste, aroma, pliability, and other traits in a fashion similar to that practised by experienced

2184:, where adventurers sought what they believed were the world's most valuable threads. Another legend tells of Crocus and Smilax, whereby Crocus is bewitched and transformed into the first saffron crocus. Ancient perfumers in Egypt, physicians in 10921: 8852: 838:, which produces a scent described as saffron, dried hay-like. Chemists find this is the most powerful contributor to saffron's fragrance, despite its presence in a lesser quantity than safranal. Dry saffron is highly sensitive to fluctuating 2312:, named for its new specialty crop, emerged as a prime saffron growing and trading centre in the 16th and 17th centuries but cultivation there was abandoned; saffron was re-introduced around 2013 as well as other parts of the UK (Cheshire). 3950:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria M, Harrison M, Stallings VA (eds.).

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Saffron prices at wholesale and retail rates range from $ 1,100–$ 11,000/kg ($ 500–$ 5,000/lb). In Western countries, the average retail price in 1974 was $ 2,200/kg ($ 1,000/lb). In February 2013, a retail bottle containing 1.7 g

799:(systematic name: 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carbaldehyde) and a carbohydrate. It has insecticidal and pesticidal properties, and may comprise up to 4% of dry saffron. Picrocrocin is a truncated version of the carotenoid 10542: 8473: 10861: 8792: 3680: 833:

oil, gives saffron much of its distinctive aroma. Safranal is less bitter than picrocrocin and may comprise up to 70% of dry saffron's volatile fraction in some samples. A second molecule underlying saffron's aroma is

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Guijarro-Díez M, Castro-Puyana M, Crego AL, Marina ML (1 January 2017). "Detection of saffron adulteration with gardenia extracts through the determination of geniposide by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry".

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to peak, and Europe imported large quantities of threads via Venetian and Genoan ships from southern and Mediterranean lands such as Rhodes. The theft of one such shipment by noblemen sparked the fourteen-week-long

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used saffron in her baths so that lovemaking would be more pleasurable. Egyptian healers used saffron as a treatment for all varieties of gastrointestinal ailments. Saffron was also used as a fabric dye in such

339:. These membrane-like structures cover and protect 5 to 11 true leaves as they bud and develop on the crocus flower. The latter are thin, straight, and blade-like green foliage leaves, which are 1–3 mm ( 938:

in the Spanish classification can have two meanings: a general grade of saffron or a very high quality Spanish-grown saffron from a specific geographical origin. Real Spanish-grown La Mancha saffron has

10417: 10123: 8348: 8054: 1007:, particularly among the cheapest grades, continues into modern times. Adulteration was first documented in Europe's Middle Ages, when those found selling adulterated saffron were executed under the 3216:

Dhar MK, Sharma M, Bhat A, Chrungoo NK, Kaul S (28 March 2017). "Functional genomics of apocarotenoids in saffron: insights from chemistry, molecular biology and therapeutic applications (Review)".

1103:, is defined by high safranal and crocin content, distinctive thread shape, unusually pungent aroma, and intense colour; it is grown exclusively on eight hectares in the Navelli Valley of Italy's 12873: 12777: 12690: 12618: 5970:

Sharaf-Eldin M, Elkholy S, Fernández JA, Junge H, Cheetham R, Guardiola J, Weathers P (August 2008), "Bacillus subtilis FZB24 affects flower quantity and quality of saffron (Crocus sativus)",

488: in) apart; depths of 8–10 cm (3–4 in) optimise flower and corm production. Greek, Moroccan, and Spanish growers employ distinct depths and spacings that suit their locales. 11903: 3262:

Amanpour A, Sonmezdag AS, Kelebek H, Selli S (2015). "GC–MS–olfactometric characterization of the most aroma-active components in a representative aromatic extract from Iranian saffron (

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used Persian saffron in his infusions, rice, and baths as a curative for battle wounds. Alexander's troops imitated the practice from the Persians and brought saffron-bathing to Greece.

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cataphylls are suspected by some to manifest prior to blooming when the plant is irrigated relatively early in the growing season. Its floral axes, or flower-bearing structures, bear

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Previously, it was theorised that saffron originated in Iran, Greece, Mesopotamia, or Kashmir. Harold McGee states that it was domesticated in or near Greece during the Bronze Age.

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where imported Iranian saffron is mixed with local saffron and sold as "Kashmir brand" at a higher price. In Kashmir, saffron is mostly classified into two main categories called

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Saffron will not spoil, but will lose flavour within six months if not stored in an airtight, cool and dark place. Freezer storage can maintain flavour for up to two years.

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8,8-diapo-8,8-carotenoic acid. This means that the crocin underlying saffron's aroma is a digentiobiose ester of the carotenoid crocetin. Crocins themselves are a series of

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and colouring agent in food. The saffron crocus was slowly propagated throughout much of Eurasia and was later brought to parts of North Africa, North America, and Oceania.

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fibres, red-dyed silk fibres, or the saffron crocus's tasteless and odourless yellow stamens. Other methods included dousing saffron fibres with viscid substances like

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crocein, which are the most biologically active components. Because crocetin is smaller and more water-soluble than the other carotenoids, it is more rapidly absorbed.

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Some historians believe that saffron came to China with Mongol invaders from Persia. Yet it is mentioned in ancient Chinese medical texts, including the forty-volume

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were considered as other possible ancestors. As a genetically monomorphic clone incapable of seed production, it was slowly propagated by humans throughout much of

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flowers possess a sweet, honey-like fragrance. Upon flowering, the plants are 20–30 cm (8–12 in) in height and bear up to four flowers. A three-pronged

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Borrelli F, Colalto C, Delfino DV, Iriti M, Izzo AA (April 2018). "Herbal Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".

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Rubio-Moraga A, Castillo-López R, Gómez-Gómez L, Ahrazem O (2009), "Saffron Is a Monomorphic Species as Revealed by RAPD, ISSR, and Microsatellite Analyses",

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portrayed saffron in their palace frescoes by 1600–1500 BC; they hint at its possible use as a therapeutic drug. Ancient Greek legends told of sea voyages to

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A detail from the "Saffron Gatherers" fresco of the "Xeste 3" building. It is one of many depicting saffron; they were found at the Bronze Age settlement of

539: oz) of dried saffron, 450 g (1 lb) of flowers are needed; the yield of dried spice from fresh saffron is only 13 g/kg (0.2 oz/lb). 846:

agents. It must, therefore, be stored away in air-tight containers to minimise contact with atmospheric oxygen. Saffron is somewhat more resistant to heat.

16370: 10300: 8231: 1115:, Sardinia, where it is grown on 40 hectares, representing 60% of Italian production; it too has unusually high crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal content. 14864: 12953: 11889: 11862: 9793: 6561: 1944: oz) can become increasingly toxic. Mild toxicity includes dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, whereas at higher doses there can be reduced 359: in), in diameter, which either expand after the flowers have opened ("hysteranthous") or do so simultaneously with their blooming ("synanthous"). 14784: 1087:

aroma; they are graded by government-imposed standards. Italian varieties are slightly more potent than Spanish. Greek saffron produced in the town of

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is classified into various grades according to the relative amounts of red stigma and yellow styles it contains. Grades of Iranian saffron are:

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produced some 88% of the world total for saffron. At US$ 5,000 per kg or higher, saffron has long been the world's costliest spice by weight.

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code—whereby culprits were variously fined, imprisoned, and executed. Meanwhile, cultivation continued in southern France, Italy, and Spain.

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Direct archaeological evidence of mediaeval saffron consumption in Scandinavia comes from the wreck of the royal Danish-Norwegian flagship,

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One freshly picked crocus flower yields on average 30 mg of fresh saffron or 7 mg dried; roughly 150 flowers yield 1 g (

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papacy in the 14th century AD. Similarly, the spread of Islamic civilisation may have helped reintroduce the crop to Spain and Italy.

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Under ISO 3632, determination of non-stigma content ("floral waste content") and other extraneous matter such as inorganic material ("

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is responsible for around 88% of global production. In 2018, Iran cultivated an area of 43,408 ha (107,260 acres) producing 174

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Arab cuisines. Confectioneries and liquors also often include saffron. Saffron is used in dishes ranging from the jewelled rice and

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was harvested on Andros in the islands of the Cyclades, for medicinal purposes and the stigmas for making a pigment called Zafran.

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Pourmasoumi M, Hadi A, Najafgholizadeh A, Kafeshani M, Sahebkar A (1 January 2019). "Clinical evidence on the effects of saffron (

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category. This lack of information makes it hard for customers to make informed choices when comparing prices and buying saffron.

18302: 18121: 17085: 14688: 14208: 13966: 13457: 12946: 11991: 10178: 8109: 6554: 6091: 1196:(7.2 tons), Afghanistan (6 tons), Morocco (2.6 tons), Spain (2.3 tons), Italy (1 ton), China (1 ton), and Azerbaijan (0.23 ton). 209:) meaning "gold strung" (implying either the golden stamens of the flower or the golden colour it creates when used as flavour). 5457: 3546: 17383: 13951: 13946: 12883: 12863: 12787: 12762: 12700: 12680: 12628: 12608: 12499: 12358: 12147: 12031: 11071: 10906: 10320: 10153: 10088: 9002: 8837: 8251: 8084: 8019: 661:– the main compound responsible for saffron aroma – 4-ketoisophorone, and dihydrooxophorone. Saffron also contains nonvolatile 3466:

Amjad Masood Husaini, Badrul Hassan, Muzaffar Y. Ghani, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, Nayar A. Kirmani (2010), Husaini A (ed.),

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In addition to descriptions based on how the saffron is picked, saffron may be categorised under the international standard

914:(yellow style only, claimed to have aroma but with very little, if any, colouring potential). Grades of Spanish saffron are 3976: 2501: 2120: 4539:"Adding color to a century-old enigma: multi-color chromosome identification unravels the autotriploid nature of saffron ( 3872: 11923: 7676: 1066:

in the gardenia-extracts similar to those naturally occurring in saffron. Detection methods have been developed by using

15251: 14839: 14618: 5587: 12939: 12598: 12199: 11790: 10617: 9721: 8548: 6547: 5552: 4488: 2889: 12814: 12715: 12643: 12539: 12390: 12232: 12046: 11932: 7668: 4181: 5343: 16936: 16817: 6137: 4598:(Iridaceae) based on one chloroplast and two nuclear loci: Ancient hybridization and chromosome number evolution". 4276:

Marx W, Lane M, Rocks T, Ruusunen A, Loughman A, Lopresti A, Marshall S, Berk M, Jacka F, Dean OM (1 August 2019).

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Amjad Masood Husaini, Azra N. Kamili, M. H. Wani, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, G. N. Bhat (2010), Husaini AM (ed.),

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fruits has been detected in the European market. This form of fraud is difficult to detect due to the presence of

15261: 13042: 11912: 4141: 1092: 4920: 4278:"Effect of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 175:

A degree of uncertainty surrounds the origin of the English word "saffron". It might stem from the 12th-century

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When saffron is dried after its harvest, the heat, combined with enzymatic action, splits picrocrocin to yield

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inoculation may provide some benefit to growers by speeding corm growth and increasing stigma biomass yield.

3465: 2258:. Such was the Romans' love of saffron that Roman colonists took it with them when they settled in southern 1769: 791:; systematic name: 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde) is a union of an 14176: 12907: 11855: 9786: 5277:"The king's spice cabinet–Plant remains from Gribshunden, a 15th century royal shipwreck in the Baltic Sea" 3916: 2028:, which is also known as "wild saffron". Saffron crocus was slowly propagated by humans throughout much of 14575: 6095: 5675:

Saffron: The Story of England's Red Gold, With Delicious Saffron Recipes that Family and Friends will Love

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left Europe with a trunk containing its corms. Church members had grown it widely in Europe. By 1730, the

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feared the Persians' usage of saffron as a drugging agent and aphrodisiac. During his Asian campaigns,

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similar to the commercial plant are known to have been harvested in recent times for use as saffron.

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bears eight chromosomal bodies per set, making for 24 in total. Being sterile, the purple flowers of

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Verma RS, Middha D (2010), "Analysis of Saffron (Crocus sativus L. Stigma) Components by LC–MS–MS",

18597: 18582: 15713: 15536: 10576: 8507: 7691: 7557: 7271: 6523: 6471: 5483: 5180:[Conditum Paradoxum – Spiced Wine] (in German). Translated by Maier R. 1991. Archived from 4704: 3574:"From 35kgs earlier to 1kg yield now, 'successful' Saffron Mission paves way for apples in Pampore" 154: 22: 18557: 16961: 15052: 14236: 11805: 9736: 6930: 4206: 1790:, particularly in China and India, and in perfumery. It is used for religious purposes in India. 1127: 425: 1644: 1023:

or vegetable oil to increase their weight. Powdered saffron is more prone to adulteration, with

18587: 18577: 18572: 18496: 18458: 18107: 18063: 16859: 14194: 14021: 13822: 13530: 13072: 12090: 11956: 11680: 11155: 10948: 10760: 10751: 9611: 9086: 8879: 8691: 8682: 6747: 6700: 5479: 2227: 2210: 2172: 2024: 1848:

with various meat accompaniments in South Asia. Saffron is also used in the preparation of the

862: 412: 257: 5152: 5127: 5102: 3752:

Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development

2774: 1592: 18138: 18088: 16669: 15607: 14231: 13427: 11881: 11675: 9606: 7686: 7214: 7154: 6840: 6800: 6762: 6585: 6210: 4731:

Kazemi-Shahandashti SS, Mann L, El-nagish A, Harpke D, Nemati Z, Usadel B, Heitkam T (2022).

4115: 2685: 2202:, perfumes and potpourris, mascaras and ointments, divine offerings, and medical treatments. 1618: 1035:

is a common substitute sometimes sold as saffron. The spice is reportedly counterfeited with

14465: 3740: 2449: 2115: 18567: 18210: 17373: 16547: 15572: 15176: 14928: 14764: 14718: 14287: 13250: 10798: 10513: 10254: 9830: 8729: 8444: 8185: 7761: 7408: 7325: 7199: 7097: 6772: 6727: 6664: 6130: 5288: 4662: 4607: 3602: 2321: 2086: 1985: 1783: 1670: 1631: 1173: 372: 17944: 17761: 2344: 2154:, a pharmacopoeia written around 300–200 BC. Traditionally credited to the legendary 394: in) in length, emerges from each flower. Each prong terminates with a vivid crimson 255:

unknown in the wild. It probably descends from the eastern Mediterranean autumn-flowering

8: 18225: 16827: 11160: 10566: 9993: 9891: 9091: 8497: 7924: 7822: 7169: 7112: 7090: 6935: 5344:"Interview: Meet the saffron producer: 'It seemed ridiculous that the UK didn't grow it'" 4169: 3167: 2827: 2177: 2150: 2104: 1772:

for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from

1683: 1340: 1330: 1181: 1112: 1003:

Despite attempts at quality control and standardisation, an extensive history of saffron

822: 625: 574: 11727: 9658: 7276: 5292: 4666: 4611: 2747: 2282:. The conflict and resulting fear of rampant saffron piracy spurred corm cultivation in 297:. Before this recent research various origins had been suggested for saffron, including 18448: 18317: 18272: 18073: 17431: 16725: 16689: 15868: 14658: 14085: 13112: 13086: 12965: 12251: 11915: 11103: 11098: 10938: 10782: 9864: 9821: 9818: 9034: 9029: 8869: 8713: 7795: 7508: 7433: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7070: 7002: 6830: 6742: 6737: 6715: 6669: 6596: 6350: 6329: 6025: 5992: 5936: 5726: 5626: 5449: 5319: 5276: 4759: 4732: 4504: 4446: 4403: 4356: 4058: 4050: 3358: 2905: 2847: 2805: 2368: 2325: 2051: 1997: 1657: 1572: 1360: 708: 170: 146: 7627: 5104:

Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum, lexicon Anglo-Latinum princeps, recens. A. Way

1099:

Consumers may regard certain cultivars as "premium" quality. The "Aquila" saffron, or

17358: 16854: 16756: 16492: 15632: 15551: 15291: 14958: 14814: 14653: 14470: 14241: 11685: 10591: 10487: 10305: 10198: 9873: 9616: 8522: 8418: 8236: 8129: 7804: 7709: 7587: 7567: 7527: 7473: 7375: 7370: 6957: 6767: 6680: 6618: 6400: 6390: 6043: 5997: 5957: 5941: 5903: 5881: 5857: 5822: 5798: 5780: 5762: 5744: 5696: 5678: 5660: 5642: 5618: 5538: 5517: 5487: 5441: 5421: 5361: 5324: 5306: 4764: 4678: 4631: 4623: 4576: 4568: 4480: 4470: 4438: 4395: 4360: 4348: 4305: 4297: 4225: 4177: 4121: 3968: 3958: 3493: 3483: 3449: 3439: 3350: 3291: 3283: 3241: 3233: 3015: 2881: 2871: 2795: 2651: 2641: 2610: 2513: 2405: 2206: 2068:

Saffron was detailed in a 7th-century BC Assyrian botanical reference compiled under

2041: 1977: 1696: 1458: 1071: 983: 724: 456: 16305: 16151: 6267: 6029: 5777:

The Contemporary Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices: Seasonings for the Global Kitchen

5730: 5630: 5453: 4733:"Ancient Artworks and Crocus Genetics Both Support Saffron's Origin in Early Greece" 4407: 4329:

L.) for Treating Mild to Moderate Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"

4324: 4062: 3625: 3362: 2851: 2809: 367:, or specialised leaves, that sprout from the flower stems; the latter are known as 18547: 18078: 17488: 17421: 17416: 16995: 16952: 16839: 16832: 16822: 16507: 16411: 16295: 16093: 15657: 15602: 15541: 15419: 14968: 14829: 13654: 13620: 13117: 13097: 12973: 11240: 10557: 10503: 10281: 10219: 9896: 9171: 8488: 8434: 8212: 8150: 7827: 7752: 7365: 7350: 7330: 7012: 6893: 6647: 6455: 6430: 6017: 5987: 5979: 5931: 5921: 5722: 5718: 5610: 5433: 5314: 5296: 4754: 4744: 4670: 4615: 4594:

Harpke D, Meng S, Rutten T, Kerndorff H, Blattner FR (1 March 2013). "Phylogeny of

4558: 4450: 4430: 4387: 4340: 4289: 4215: 4090:"Historical uses of saffron: Identifying potential new avenues for modern research" 4042: 4000:"Historical uses of saffron: Identifying potential new avenues for modern research" 3661: 3342: 3279: 3275: 3225: 2839: 2787: 2704: 2700: 2099: 1605: 895: 758: 596: 435: 368: 324:

fail to produce viable seeds; reproduction hinges on human assistance: clusters of

228: 56: 17828: 15510: 7597: 5605:

Ferrence SC, Bendersky G (2004), "Therapy with Saffron and the Goddess at Thera",

4202:"Clinical Applications of Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its Constituents: A Review" 2230:

prescribes saffron in medicines for wounds, cough, colic, and scabies, and in the

2119:

Buddhist adepts wearing saffron-coloured robes, pray in the Hundred Dragons Hall,

1884:, turmeric was also known as "Indian saffron" because of its yellow-orange colour. 428:

via manual "divide-and-set" of a starter clone or by interspecific hybridisation.

18592: 18552: 18340: 18292: 18083: 17766: 17363: 17151: 16873: 16869: 16849: 16812: 16795: 16623: 16502: 16290: 16257: 15736: 15246: 15110: 14739: 14585: 13911: 13692: 13600: 13200: 13190: 12105: 11971: 11740: 11690: 11450: 11370: 11335: 11235: 10676: 10586: 10355: 9931: 9671: 9621: 9381: 9301: 9266: 9166: 8607: 8517: 8286: 7862: 7632: 7219: 7164: 7144: 7107: 7062: 6865: 6825: 6309: 6123: 6037: 5871: 5851: 5812: 5738: 5511: 5301: 4344: 2410: 728: 395: 289: 283: 252: 249: 104: 9812: 5154:

A Noble Boke Off Cookry Ffor a Prynce Houssolde Or Eny Other Estately Houssholde

4674: 4619: 4527:

Harold McGee. On Food and Cooking, 2004 edition, pg 422. Scribner, New York, NY,

3858: 2060:

certain to be the same species as the modern commercial species used for spice.

2045:

was used to make saffron in Sivas in Central Turkey, the corms were also eaten.

870: 424:

and is hence incapable of independent sexual reproduction—all propagation is by

18418: 18381: 18335: 18266: 18068: 17590: 17441: 17426: 17327: 17007: 16807: 16730: 16684: 16593: 16522: 16401: 16365: 16184: 16051: 16003: 15923: 15637: 15622: 15531: 15394: 15201: 15140: 15115: 15042: 14643: 14545: 14510: 14495: 14373: 14051: 14046: 13492: 13260: 13210: 13092: 12962: 11650: 11630: 11395: 11330: 11250: 11230: 11026: 10498: 10427: 10214: 10133: 9581: 9561: 9326: 9261: 9181: 9161: 8957: 8429: 8358: 8145: 8064: 7562: 7532: 7438: 7306: 7231: 7055: 7017: 6992: 6950: 6913: 6497: 6450: 5586:, no. 20, New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research, archived from 5437: 4391: 3952: 3880: 3665: 2309: 2223: 2076:

culture's 2nd millennium BC peak. Ancient Persians cultivated Persian saffron (

1934: oz) of saffron is not toxic for humans, but doses greater than 5 g ( 1230: 1123: 736: 600: 377: 332: 218: 108: 99: 7592: 6227: 6021: 4484: 4434: 3902: 3346: 2885: 2791: 1904:(2 grams; a quantity much larger than is likely to be ingested in normal use) 1192:

countries reported based on their share in global saffron production included

691:

The yellow-orange colour of saffron is primarily the result of α-crocin. This

18541: 18473: 18413: 18391: 18230: 18195: 17823: 17792: 17771: 17640: 17398: 17388: 17378: 16878: 16864: 16844: 16563: 16355: 16025: 15978: 15953: 15696: 15678: 15652: 14943: 14520: 14217: 13936: 13712: 13482: 13235: 13195: 12429: 12276: 12100: 12016: 11966: 11820: 11815: 11795: 11655: 11620: 11475: 11470: 11460: 11435: 11430: 11365: 11325: 11285: 10866: 10571: 10483: 10422: 10367: 10335: 10194: 10128: 9948: 9921: 9751: 9746: 9726: 9586: 9551: 9406: 9401: 9391: 9366: 9361: 9296: 9256: 9216: 8797: 8502: 8414: 8353: 8298: 8266: 8125: 8059: 7879: 7852: 7602: 7537: 7515: 7483: 7418: 7286: 7256: 7236: 7224: 7209: 7194: 7184: 7159: 6962: 6710: 6445: 6355: 6215: 5310: 4749: 4627: 4572: 4301: 3786:"Farmers Pitch For GI Tag For Kashmiri Saffron, World's Most Expensive Spice" 3497: 3453: 3428:

Kashmirianus) Production: Technological and Policy Interventions for Kashmir"

3287: 3237: 3046: 2828:"Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review" 2537: 2517: 2199: 2073: 1913: 1893: 1857: 1838: 1310: 1276: 1205: 1048: 830: 662: 451: 127: 18215: 14834: 12931: 7647: 6539: 5926: 5915: 5560: 4293: 3006:

Rezvani-Moghaddam P (1 January 2020), Koocheki A, Khajeh-Hosseini M (eds.),

2753: 2655: 2032:

and was later brought to parts of North Africa, North America, and Oceania.

236: 18520: 18508: 18463: 17972: 17936: 17902: 17661: 17534: 17436: 17171: 16715: 16426: 16391: 16222: 16217: 16159: 16088: 15963: 15838: 15485: 15389: 15359: 15296: 15276: 15266: 15161: 15028: 15018: 14953: 14903: 14749: 14708: 14500: 14439: 14388: 14126: 14111: 14091: 14066: 13502: 13395: 13245: 13137: 13132: 13052: 13027: 12318: 12184: 12179: 11610: 11440: 11410: 11315: 11280: 11215: 11200: 10978: 10479: 10452: 10407: 10204: 10190: 10158: 10108: 10063: 9541: 9371: 9341: 9246: 9211: 9146: 9131: 8909: 8410: 8383: 8338: 8135: 8121: 8089: 8039: 7994: 7582: 7572: 7542: 7478: 7468: 7448: 7428: 7246: 7044: 6987: 6982: 6925: 6685: 6528: 6415: 6324: 6299: 6001: 5983: 5945: 5847: 5622: 5530: 5507: 5445: 5328: 4768: 4682: 4635: 4580: 4464: 4442: 4399: 4352: 4309: 4229: 4220: 4201: 3972: 3354: 3295: 3245: 2865: 2843: 2320:

Europeans introduced saffron to the Americas when immigrant members of the

2231: 2069: 1709: 1262: 1004: 740: 507: 17991: 17894: 5614: 3915: 3229: 2500:

Menia M, Iqbal S, Zahida R, Tahir S, Kanth RH, Saad AA, Hussian A (2018).

1980:. Saffron has also been studied for its possible effect on cardiovascular 18478: 18371: 18355: 18350: 18330: 18160: 18047: 17926: 17818: 17605: 17519: 17293: 17265: 17078: 16910: 16898: 16761: 16674: 16578: 16512: 16471: 16252: 16242: 16237: 16194: 16164: 16129: 16098: 15893: 15878: 15792: 15762: 15334: 15241: 15231: 15226: 15186: 15120: 15077: 15046: 15013: 14948: 14560: 14505: 14444: 14419: 14398: 14363: 14161: 14141: 14131: 14096: 14056: 13956: 13887: 13852: 13847: 13837: 13669: 13605: 13560: 13555: 13390: 13350: 13265: 13255: 13230: 13147: 13102: 13067: 12511: 12375: 12209: 12157: 12142: 11800: 11785: 11765: 11735: 11665: 11549: 11529: 11519: 11514: 11494: 11455: 11405: 11400: 11385: 11375: 11340: 11290: 11260: 11255: 11245: 11165: 11108: 11061: 10993: 10968: 10916: 10831: 10717: 10655: 10632: 10340: 10325: 10271: 10259: 10073: 10048: 9936: 9911: 9731: 9716: 9696: 9666: 9596: 9480: 9460: 9450: 9445: 9425: 9386: 9336: 9331: 9316: 9306: 9271: 9221: 9191: 9186: 9176: 9096: 9039: 8992: 8924: 8899: 8847: 8762: 8648: 8586: 8563: 8271: 8256: 8202: 8190: 8004: 7979: 7867: 7842: 7612: 7607: 7552: 7488: 7453: 7261: 7189: 7149: 6883: 6606: 6370: 6360: 6304: 6289: 6220: 6039:

Secrets of Saffron: The Vagabond Life of the World's Most Seductive Spice

5836: 2298: 2279: 2270: 2246:

Preserved "Safran", Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, Germany

2155: 1909: 1881: 1508: 1246: 1166: 1108: 1016: 750: 700: 608: 557: 494:

prefers friable, loose, low-density, well-watered, and well-drained clay-

302: 130: 17867: 16325: 7007: 4469:. A. Koocheki, Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini. Duxford, United Kingdom. 2020. 4378:

L.) on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review meta-analysis".

2870:. A. Koocheki, Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini. Duxford, United Kingdom. 2020. 842:

levels, and rapidly breaks down chemically in the presence of light and

42: 18345: 18256: 18180: 18001: 17967: 17686: 17630: 17580: 17212: 17063: 16710: 16694: 16658: 16583: 16247: 16179: 15888: 15627: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15326: 15316: 15306: 15281: 15216: 15156: 15125: 15105: 15038: 14993: 14809: 14779: 14638: 14608: 14550: 14490: 14480: 14378: 14156: 14101: 14036: 14031: 13931: 13862: 13842: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13767: 13717: 13674: 13639: 13590: 13585: 13545: 13512: 13507: 13497: 13477: 13472: 13405: 13380: 13205: 13152: 13142: 13107: 13076: 13062: 13037: 13032: 13012: 13007: 12853: 12593: 12494: 12489: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12353: 12348: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12137: 12117: 11838: 11810: 11760: 11745: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11645: 11615: 11605: 11544: 11480: 11465: 11445: 11390: 11360: 11345: 11320: 11305: 11270: 11265: 11225: 11220: 11190: 11175: 11135: 11113: 11076: 11046: 11031: 11011: 10769: 10739: 10722: 10712: 10467: 10457: 10432: 10387: 10264: 10249: 10244: 10224: 10183: 10173: 10163: 10143: 10138: 10098: 10093: 10053: 10043: 10028: 9968: 9943: 9769: 9741: 9691: 9676: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9576: 9546: 9536: 9475: 9411: 9396: 9376: 9321: 9291: 9276: 9251: 9236: 9201: 9196: 9156: 9151: 9121: 9106: 9066: 9044: 9007: 8977: 8962: 8942: 8700: 8670: 8653: 8643: 8398: 8388: 8363: 8318: 8195: 8180: 8175: 8155: 8114: 8104: 8094: 8074: 8069: 8029: 8024: 7984: 7974: 7959: 7899: 7874: 7719: 7714: 7652: 7637: 7577: 7266: 7174: 6920: 6757: 6752: 6690: 6601: 6440: 6410: 6314: 6246: 4373: 4054: 4046: 3836: 3745:) as an Alternative Crop in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. a Review" 2502:"Production technology of saffron for enhancing productivity (see PDF)" 2274: 1901: 1475: 1441: 1075: 1059: 1044: 1036: 976: 854: 800: 732: 712: 669: 666: 495: 313: 309: 176: 138: 17019: 5167:(Reprinted verbatim from a rare manuscript in the Holkham Collection.) 4563: 4538: 4247: 18438: 18408: 18325: 18277: 18220: 18205: 18170: 18150: 17838: 17736: 17731: 17671: 17635: 17595: 17509: 17305: 17235: 17166: 17141: 17102: 17051: 16663: 16598: 16446: 15918: 15797: 15673: 15500: 15475: 15424: 15409: 15354: 15344: 15236: 15130: 15097: 15023: 14983: 14973: 14888: 14824: 14804: 14794: 14769: 14744: 14729: 14673: 14540: 14530: 14434: 14292: 14136: 14121: 14106: 14081: 14011: 13926: 13906: 13857: 13792: 13787: 13702: 13570: 13467: 13447: 13420: 13400: 13325: 13225: 13215: 13185: 13127: 13122: 13002: 12997: 12838: 12752: 12739: 12662: 12571: 12558: 12516: 12424: 12419: 12380: 12271: 12266: 12095: 12070: 11981: 11976: 11961: 11635: 11625: 11583: 11509: 11499: 11425: 11420: 11380: 11355: 11350: 11300: 11275: 11205: 11180: 11170: 11145: 11140: 11130: 11006: 10891: 10876: 10856: 10841: 10836: 10727: 10552: 10547: 10493: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10330: 10239: 10234: 10209: 10118: 10058: 10038: 10033: 10023: 10013: 9988: 9916: 9878:

Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor

9566: 9556: 9514: 9440: 9430: 9356: 9351: 9311: 9286: 9281: 9231: 9206: 9136: 9111: 9101: 9076: 9071: 9061: 8937: 8822: 8807: 8787: 8772: 8767: 8658: 8483: 8478: 8424: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8261: 8170: 8165: 8140: 8049: 7989: 7969: 7964: 7954: 7944: 7919: 7847: 7809:

Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor

7729: 7724: 7522: 7493: 7443: 7385: 7291: 7179: 7085: 7039: 6659: 6507: 6186: 5899: 4932: 3650: 3598: 2287: 2242: 2185: 2133: 1905: 1861: 1550: 1537: 1524: 1414: 1320: 1040: 1032: 835: 808: 747: 685: 439: 417: 336: 112: 18443: 18039: 16396: 3467: 3423: 1813:

Saffron threads soaked in hot water prior to use in food preparation

1797:

categorisation for food elements and additives, Saffron is coded as

1078:, a compound present in the fruits of gardenia, but not in saffron. 420:

that is "self-incompatible" and male sterile; it undergoes aberrant

18282: 17889: 17701: 17691: 17676: 17666: 17544: 17524: 17457: 17332: 17317: 17255: 17146: 17090: 16985: 16975: 16921: 16648: 16628: 16608: 16603: 16573: 16517: 16421: 16199: 16077: 15998: 15873: 15853: 15848: 15833: 15782: 15772: 15670: 15662: 15495: 15470: 15384: 15171: 15067: 15003: 14938: 14933: 14923: 14913: 14893: 14859: 14799: 14789: 14703: 14683: 14628: 14623: 14580: 14570: 14515: 14475: 14449: 14429: 14393: 14317: 14272: 14116: 14071: 13961: 13921: 13916: 13832: 13679: 13540: 13172: 13167: 13157: 12804: 12504: 12363: 12167: 12162: 11996: 11780: 11578: 11485: 11310: 11295: 11210: 11125: 11041: 10931: 10813: 10744: 10734: 10596: 10462: 10360: 10168: 9711: 9509: 9416: 9241: 9226: 9141: 9056: 8972: 8862: 8744: 8675: 8665: 8527: 8393: 8291: 8099: 7746: 7642: 7617: 7335: 7320: 7102: 7029: 6997: 6945: 6898: 6855: 6835: 6820: 6785: 6613: 6385: 6365: 6294: 6193: 6102: 4897: 4649:

Nemati Z, Harpke D, Gemicioglu A, Kerndorff H, Blattner FR (2019).

2255: 2251: 2194: 2159: 2129: 2019: 1973: 1969: 1945: 1873: 1794: 1424: 1055: 1054:

In recent years, saffron adulterated with the colouring extract of

1024: 1012: 1011:

code. Typical methods include mixing in extraneous substances like

922:(like Iranian pushal), and in order of further decreasing strength 815: 796: 792: 754: 716: 696: 681: 677: 673: 658: 654: 604: 447: 278: 134: 119: 18022: 17312: 15705: 6255: 2250:

Saffron was a notable ingredient in certain Roman recipes such as

18297: 18235: 18200: 17996: 17954: 17907: 17833: 17813: 17797: 17706: 17681: 17575: 17337: 17322: 17272: 17230: 17202: 17181: 17068: 17039: 16970: 16776: 16771: 16638: 16633: 16613: 16558: 16553: 16543: 16476: 16441: 16350: 16282: 16267: 16113: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15812: 15802: 15767: 15665: 15617: 15597: 15582: 15505: 15490: 15455: 15445: 15399: 15301: 15196: 15191: 15166: 15057: 14849: 14844: 14663: 14633: 14535: 14525: 14348: 14332: 14302: 13762: 13742: 13737: 13644: 13345: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13240: 13057: 13022: 12194: 12189: 12174: 12011: 11670: 11660: 11640: 11595: 11081: 10696: 10681: 10647: 10581: 10472: 10350: 10068: 9998: 9978: 9926: 9601: 9591: 9571: 9526: 9012: 8627: 8612: 8578: 8512: 8403: 8281: 7999: 7929: 7909: 7857: 7547: 7498: 7413: 7403: 7345: 7251: 6940: 6903: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6795: 6637: 6502: 6395: 6380: 6334: 6319: 6239: 6234: 6205: 6200: 5969: 4255: 3331:"Pharmacokinetic Properties of Saffron and its Active Components" 3052: 2263: 2181: 2137: 2095: 2091: 2029: 1897: 1869: 1844: 1826: 1820: 1394: 1185: 1104: 1028: 945: 887: 874: 826: 812: 720: 443: 421: 294: 150: 145:, which imparts a rich golden-yellow hue to dishes and textiles. 18099: 14186: 4156:"Persian Chicken & Aubergine Stew (Bademjan-Ghooreh Mosama)" 3118:"Iran's homegrown treasure: the spice that costs more than gold" 2476: 2474: 1976:, were under preliminary research for their potential to affect 410:

The saffron crocus, unknown in the wild, probably descends from

261:

which is also known as "wild saffron" and is native to mainland

18468: 18423: 18398: 18376: 18261: 18155: 17959: 17862: 17851: 17741: 17600: 17549: 17529: 17368: 17245: 17240: 17197: 17161: 17034: 17029: 17024: 16990: 16679: 16653: 16643: 16568: 16527: 16436: 16262: 16134: 16124: 16118: 16035: 15993: 15983: 15933: 15863: 15843: 15828: 15807: 15787: 15777: 15642: 15592: 15460: 15440: 15414: 15404: 15364: 15349: 15339: 15256: 15181: 14963: 14883: 14854: 14565: 14322: 14307: 14277: 13747: 13732: 13649: 13610: 13575: 13452: 13370: 13365: 13330: 13290: 12992: 12797: 12734: 12414: 12409: 12368: 12261: 12256: 11700: 11600: 10973: 10704: 10686: 10663: 9958: 9953: 9631: 9531: 8904: 8635: 8617: 8594: 7889: 7884: 7503: 7458: 7398: 7355: 7296: 7241: 7204: 7124: 7119: 7080: 6977: 6967: 6888: 6850: 6790: 6780: 6654: 6642: 6632: 6375: 6177: 6165: 6146: 5740:

Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops

5422:"Cancer Chemopreventive and Tumoricidal Properties of Saffron ( 5022: 4787:"Researchers Rewrite First Chapter for the History of Medicine" 4709:. Soho Square, London: Dulau and Co. pp. 87, 164, 207, 250 3837:"Afghanistan Exports 67 Tons of Saffron, Worth $ 49M: Ministry" 2589: 2215: 2189: 1965: 1832: 1809: 1491: 1193: 1177: 1143: 1088: 1063: 692: 650: 621: 570: 399: 274: 266: 262: 142: 16416: 11911: 4921:"Cultural Heritage of India: The Kashmiri Pandit Contribution" 4537:

Schmidt T, Heitkam T, Liedtke S, Schubert V, Menzel G (2019).

552: 111:, called threads, are collected and dried for use mainly as a 18453: 18433: 18403: 18386: 18307: 18287: 18251: 18246: 18190: 18185: 18175: 18165: 18006: 17977: 17949: 17846: 17787: 17756: 17751: 17696: 17656: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17585: 17570: 17565: 17539: 17342: 17125: 17058: 17014: 16751: 16735: 16720: 16618: 16588: 16497: 16451: 16431: 16406: 16232: 16209: 15898: 15858: 15211: 14869: 14819: 14754: 14734: 14485: 14414: 14368: 14327: 14297: 14282: 14262: 14257: 13707: 13634: 13285: 12987: 12843: 12772: 12744: 12667: 12576: 12563: 12484: 12474: 12343: 12333: 12132: 12075: 11695: 11120: 10911: 10637: 10447: 9973: 9963: 9626: 9051: 8842: 8568: 8378: 7904: 7894: 7622: 7463: 7423: 7393: 7340: 7315: 7301: 7049: 7034: 6908: 6875: 6860: 6845: 6732: 6627: 6591: 6492: 6425: 6405: 6160: 4536: 4199: 3472:

Kashmirianus) Cultivation in Kashmir: Practices and Problems"

3261: 2825: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2471: 2305: 2290:, where endemic and insalubrious adulteration brought on the 2283: 2219: 1868:, which is often sold as "Portuguese saffron" or "açafrão"), 1162: 1154: 1020: 843: 804: 704: 364: 270: 16905: 9860: 7791: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2667: 2665: 103:, commonly known as the "saffron crocus". The vivid crimson 17931: 17872: 17746: 17625: 17514: 17176: 16766: 16082: 16056: 16019: 15988: 15883: 15757: 15587: 15567: 15465: 14978: 14759: 14613: 14383: 14267: 13684: 13177: 12833: 12479: 12338: 12204: 12127: 12065: 11951: 11588: 11415: 11001: 10988: 10622: 10442: 10412: 10402: 10315: 10148: 10113: 10103: 9901: 9519: 9346: 8932: 8919: 8553: 8373: 8343: 8333: 8246: 8079: 8044: 8034: 7832: 7360: 7075: 6705: 6695: 6576: 6170: 5396: 5384: 5244: 4420: 2259: 1158: 1147: 1067: 992: 883: 325: 298: 158: 74: 30: 3943: 3921:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels" 3527: 3503: 3328: 2718: 1138: 86: 12815: 12716: 12644: 12540: 12391: 12233: 12047: 11933: 10826: 8757: 6284: 6115: 5058: 4593: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3599:"Kashmiri Saffron Producers See Red over Iranian Imports" 3309: 3307: 3305: 2989: 2987: 2922: 2662: 1853: 1787: 1296: 438:, an ecotype superficially resembling the North American 123: 65: 5853:

On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen

5709:

Grilli Caiola M (2003), "Saffron Reproductive Biology",

5132:. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 180 4872: 4862: 4860: 4845: 3335:

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

547: 529: oz) of dry saffron threads; to produce 12 g ( 46:

Saffron "threads", plucked from crocus flowers and dried

13043: 5811:

Kafi M, Koocheki A, Rashed MH, Nassiri M, eds. (2006),

5657:

Charlemagne's Tablecloth: A Piquant History of Feasting

5372: 5256: 5232: 4998: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4807: 3403: 3374: 3372: 1118:

Another is the "Mongra" or "Lacha" saffron of Kashmir (

1051:

have been used to colour counterfeit powdered saffron.

839: 11118:

Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):

9049:

Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):

6253: 6244: 6225: 6191: 6175: 5220: 5208: 5196: 5070: 5046: 5034: 4986: 4952: 4950: 3903:"Afghanistan's red gold 'saffron' termed world's best" 3720: 3703: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3302: 3215: 3073: 2984: 2972: 2431: 2429: 2286:; it thereby grew prosperous. The crop then spread to 2170:

Minoan depictions of saffron are now considered to be

13685: 13178: 10524: 8455: 4974: 4857: 4833: 4275: 2826:

Gresta F, Lombardo GM, Siracusa L, Ruberto G (2008).

2568: 2566: 2499: 89: 77: 68: 62: 5954:

Women and Cannabis: Medicine, Science, and Sociology

4962: 4804: 4069: 3369: 3085: 2960: 83: 71: 13868: 5144: 5082: 5010: 4947: 3515: 3384: 3190: 3188: 3135: 3063: 3061: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2735: 2426: 1169:comes second, which produced over 67 tons in 2023. 59: 5577:"Growing Saffron—The World's Most Expensive Spice" 5119: 4931:(1). Kashmir Sabha of Kolkata: 128. Archived from 4726: 4724: 4087: 3954:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium 3097: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2563: 2538:"The problem for the world's most expensive spice" 971:") are also key. Grading standards are set by the 13813: 13521: 9817: 5951: 5604: 5028: 4142:"Persian Jewelled Rice with Lamb (Gheymeh Nesar)" 3859:"Moroccan saffron farmers battle knockoff spices" 3147: 3005: 2480: 1582: 1404: 849: 836:2-hydroxy-4,4,6-trimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one 18539: 7513: 5516:(1st ed.), University of California Press, 5362:"Saffron spice returns to Essex after 200 years" 5094: 4200:Moshiri M, Vahabzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh H (2015). 3185: 3058: 3034: 2943: 2821: 2819: 2772: 2686:"Crocus cartwrightianus on the Attica Peninsula" 2551: 312:form, which means that three homologous sets of 4721: 4195: 4193: 3324: 3322: 2759: 1172:Spain is the third largest producer, while the 739:with two water-soluble gentiobioses, which are 13823: 13531: 10776: 10761: 8707: 8692: 5609:, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 199–226, 4642: 4530: 3997: 3909: 3547:"Kashmir's saffron harvest sees sharp decline" 3329:Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H (2018). 973:International Organization for Standardization 882:concentrated in the red stigmas. Saffron from 866:High quality red threads from Austrian saffron 232:Crocus flowers which yield red saffron stigmas 18115: 17473: 16937: 15721: 14202: 12961: 12947: 11897: 9846: 7777: 6569: 6555: 6131: 5708: 5335: 4587: 4466:Saffron : science, technology and health 4120:. Stamford House Publishing. pp. 37–38. 4033:Basker D, Negbi M (1983). "Uses of saffron". 2867:Saffron : science, technology and health 2816: 2729: 2677: 204: 190: 5695:(1st ed.), Cambridge University Press, 5482:, vol. L292, translated by Spencer WG, 5432:, vol. 227, no. 1, pp. 20–5, 5274: 4780: 4778: 4190: 3905:. Saudi Arabia: Arab News. 22 December 2019. 3861:. Saudi Arabia: Arab News. 17 December 2018. 3476:Functional Plant Science & Biotechnology 3432:Functional Plant Science & Biotechnology 3319: 2775:"Sustainable Cultivation of Saffron in Iran" 918:(the strongest grade, like Iranian sargol), 316:make up each specimen's genetic complement; 6007: 5810: 5550: 4696: 4322: 4168: 4032: 3509: 3409: 3257: 3255: 2937: 2671: 2586:"World's COSTLIEST spice blooms in Kashmir" 2506:Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2165: 511:Sargol saffron, the strongest Iranian grade 184: 38:, with its vivid crimson stigmas and styles 18122: 18108: 17480: 17466: 16944: 16930: 15728: 15714: 14209: 14195: 12954: 12940: 11904: 11890: 11863:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators 9853: 9839: 9794:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators 7784: 7770: 6562: 6548: 6477:Traditional dyes of the Scottish Highlands 6138: 6124: 4509:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4241: 4239: 3917:United States Food and Drug Administration 2910:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1964:As of 2020, saffron constituents, such as 902:, red stigma tips only, strongest grade), 829:and a free safranal molecule. Safranal, a 12916:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators 12823:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 12724:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 12652:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 12548:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 12399:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 12241:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 12055:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 11941:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 11870:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators 9801:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators 5991: 5935: 5925: 5792: 5419: 5341: 5318: 5300: 4827: 4775: 4758: 4748: 4562: 4333:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 4219: 3313: 2441: 2055:stigmas were used for saffron in Sicily. 1786:. Saffron has also been used as a fabric 735:, and thus oil-soluble. When crocetin is 12912:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators 10282: 8213: 5654: 5639:Colour: A Natural History of the Palette 5004: 4252:FOOD AND ENTERTAINING – HERBS AND SPICES 3654:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 3252: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2241: 2114: 2001: 1808: 1153:Almost all saffron grows in a belt from 1137: 869: 861: 853: 595: 551: 506: 235: 227: 97:) is a spice derived from the flower of 41: 29: 13083:Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) 13048:Tooltip Calcitonin gene-related peptide 6088:Germplasm Resources Information Network 6035: 5834: 5672: 5402: 5390: 5378: 5262: 5250: 5238: 5226: 5214: 5202: 5076: 5064: 5052: 5040: 4918: 4878: 4866: 4851: 4839: 4815: 4245: 4236: 4113: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3623: 3533: 3397: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3091: 3079: 2993: 2966: 2635: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 858:Red threads and yellow styles from Iran 454:, and corm rot pose other threats. Yet 18540: 11593:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related: 9524:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related: 5952:Russo E, Dreher MC, Mathre ML (2003), 5736: 5659:(1st ed.), Saint Martin's Press, 5636: 5471: 5275:Larsson M, Foley B (26 January 2023). 5150: 5088: 4992: 4980: 4088:Mousavi Z, Bathaie, S. (Autumn 2011). 3783: 3765:from the original on 22 September 2022 3678: 3571: 2535: 2447: 657:. Its main aroma-active compounds are 18103: 17461: 16925: 15709: 14190: 12935: 11885: 10749:Other positive allosteric modulators: 10529:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor 9834: 9816: 8680:Other positive allosteric modulators: 8460:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor 7765: 7750: 6543: 6119: 6106: 5869: 5846: 5756: 5693:The Agricultural Systems of the World 5690: 5535:Food in the Ancient World from A to Z 5529: 5513:Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices 5506: 5129:The Flowering Plants of Great Britain 5125: 5016: 4968: 4956: 4784: 4655:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4600:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4075: 3378: 3115: 3103: 3008:"Chapter 8. Ecophysiology of saffron" 2978: 2741: 2524: 2435: 1860:. Common saffron substitutes include 1782:Saffron has a long history of use in 647:volatile and aroma-yielding compounds 548:Phytochemistry and sensory properties 331:The plant sprouts 5–11 white and non- 17487: 16951: 7751: 6107: 5821:(1st ed.), Science Publishers, 5774: 5761:(4th ed.), Taylor and Francis, 5759:Principles and Methods of Toxicology 5607:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 5460:from the original on 3 December 2008 4730: 4491:from the original on 19 January 2023 4172:(2005). Prance G, Nesbitt M (eds.). 3521: 3482:(2), UK: Global Science Books: 110, 3438:(2), UK: Global Science Books: 118, 3200: 3141: 2892:from the original on 19 January 2023 2832:Agronomy for Sustainable Development 2572: 2486: 2121:Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum 2010:, on the Aegean island of Santorini. 1241:Nutritional value per 1 tbsp (2.1 g) 157:for thousands of years. As of 2018, 153:botanical treatise, and it has been 15735: 13873:Tooltip 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine 12455:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023) 12307:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023) 11490:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists: 9421:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists: 5893: 5574: 5354: 5100: 4890: 3626:"Saffron Industry in Deep Distress" 3194: 3165: 3153: 3109: 3067: 3040: 2954: 2557: 1133: 899: 205: 191: 13: 10054:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) 7985:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) 6266: 5956:(1st ed.), Psychology Press, 5557:Institute for Traditional Medicine 5553:"Saffron: An Anti-Depressant Herb" 3931:from the original on 27 March 2024 3879:. 16 December 2019. Archived from 2638:Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen 1157:in the west to India in the east. 723:esters of crocetin. Crocetin is a 183:, which comes from the Latin word 14: 18609: 18129: 14216: 14047:Chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) 13818:Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine 13526:Tooltip N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine 6057: 5430:Experimental Biology and Medicine 4325:"Safety and Efficacy of Saffron ( 4097:Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 4004:Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2237: 2198:courtesans used saffron in their 244:The domesticated saffron crocus, 18514: 18502: 18492: 18491: 16904: 16892: 15690: 5342:Granleese B (16 November 2013). 5268: 5170: 5157:. Elliot Stock. pp. 104–105 4702: 3218:Briefings in Functional Genomics 3168:"Kashmiris pin hopes on saffron" 2379: 2367: 2355: 2343: 2273:caused demand for saffron-based 1948:count and spontaneous bleeding. 1924:Ingesting less than 1.5 g ( 1916:have negligible content (table). 1761:Full Link to USDA database entry 1165:from a productivity of 4 kg/ha. 982:These data are measured through 516:needed to pick 150,000 flowers. 149:is attested in a 7th-century BC 126:-like fragrance result from the 55: 12851:Positive allosteric modulators: 12802:Negative allosteric modulators: 12591:Positive allosteric modulators: 12509:Negative allosteric modulators: 12373:Negative allosteric modulators: 12316:Positive allosteric modulators: 12172:Negative allosteric modulators: 12115:Positive allosteric modulators: 11913:Metabotropic glutamate receptor 11530:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657) 10477:Negative allosteric modulators: 10365:Positive allosteric modulators: 10188:Negative allosteric modulators: 9941:Positive allosteric modulators: 9461:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657) 8408:Negative allosteric modulators: 8296:Positive allosteric modulators: 8119:Negative allosteric modulators: 7872:Positive allosteric modulators: 5795:The Essential Saffron Companion 5412: 5178:"Conditum Paradoxum – Würzwein" 4912: 4884: 4706:A Monograph of the Genus Crocus 4521: 4457: 4414: 4367: 4316: 4269: 4162: 4148: 4134: 4107: 4081: 4026: 3998:Mousavi SZ, Bathaie SZ (2011). 3991: 3979:from the original on 9 May 2024 3895: 3865: 3851: 3829: 3811:"Kashmir's saffron gets GI tag" 3803: 3777: 3732: 3672: 3644: 3617: 3591: 3565: 3539: 3459: 3415: 3159: 2999: 2858: 2780:Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 2773:Ghorbani R, Koocheki A (2017). 2683: 2629: 2603: 2481:Russo, Dreher & Mathre 2003 2315: 998: 398:, which is the distal end of a 13828:Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine 13536:Tooltip N,N-Dipropyltryptamine 13236:Pentoxyverine (carbetapentane) 10766:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone 10074:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) 9969:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448) 8697:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone 8005:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) 7900:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448) 6926:Peppercorn (black/green/white) 5723:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.650.1 4648: 4323:Dai L, Chen L, Wang W (2020). 4174:The Cultural History of Plants 3572:Rashid A (22 September 2018). 3280:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.005 2786:. Springer. pp. 170–171. 2705:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.650.6 2684:Jacobsen N, Ørgaard M (2004). 2578: 2536:Hooker L (13 September 2017). 2411:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2398: 2331:Lancaster County, Pennsylvania 2140:is also used to dye the robes. 1900:(table) and 12% water. In one 1804: 1130:from the Government of India. 1096:marketed in small quantities. 850:Grades and ISO 3632 categories 405: 223: 16:Spice made from crocus flowers 1: 14177:Receptor/signaling modulators 13073:Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 12908:Receptor/signaling modulators 11856:Receptor/signaling modulators 11705:Unknown/unsorted antagonists: 10269:Unknown/unsorted antagonists: 9862:Ionotropic glutamate receptor 9787:Receptor/signaling modulators 9636:Unknown/unsorted antagonists: 8200:Unknown/unsorted antagonists: 7793:Ionotropic glutamate receptor 5029:Ferrence & Bendersky 2004 4893:"Gathering Kashmir's Saffron" 4117:A Treasury of Persian Cuisine 3784:Hassan F (19 February 2020). 3624:Hussain A (28 January 2005). 3603:Australian Broadcasting Corp. 2640:. Wiesbaden: O. Harrasowitz. 2391: 2110: 1126:saffron was certified with a 1074:to determine the presence of 753:is responsible for saffron's 502: 434:thrives in the Mediterranean 5920:, vol. 2, p. 189, 5302:10.1371/journal.pone.0281010 4345:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001118 4246:authors W (4 October 2020). 3116:Monks K (3 September 2015). 2386:Example of saffron packaging 2143: 2063: 1887: 1768:Percentages estimated using 715:carotenoids that are either 164: 7: 13261:Racemethorphan (methorphan) 11554:NR2A-selective antagonists: 11086:Polyamine site antagonists: 10311:Acromelic acid (acromelate) 9897:Acromelic acid (acromelate) 9485:NR2A-selective antagonists: 9017:Polyamine site antagonists: 8242:Acromelic acid (acromelate) 7828:Acromelic acid (acromelate) 6738:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm) 6254: 6245: 6226: 6192: 6176: 5818:) Production and Processing 4675:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.03.022 4620:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.007 2615:Online Etymology Dictionary 2458:Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages 2132:, a less expensive dye, or 1959: 1919: 1188:are among minor producers. 199:), from the Persian word 10: 18614: 9994:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 7925:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 6145: 6069:Darling Biomedical Library 5743:(1st ed.), Springer, 5438:10.1177/153537020222700104 4891:Lak D (23 November 1998). 4737:Frontiers in Plant Science 4392:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.038 4176:. Routledge. p. 170. 4114:Simmons S (October 2007). 4035:Journal of Economic Botany 4010:(2): 27–66. Archived from 3679:Bishop S (26 April 2018). 3666:10.1016/j.jfca.2016.11.004 3166:Lak D (11 November 1998). 2336: 1995: 1991: 1951: 1251:27 kJ (6.5 kcal) 1228: 1203: 611:. Components of α–crocin: 216: 212: 168: 20: 18487: 18364: 18316: 18146: 18135: 18056: 18015: 17916: 17806: 17780: 17724: 17649: 17558: 17502: 17495: 17409: 17351: 17281: 17223: 17190: 17134: 17113: 16959: 16887: 16785: 16744: 16703: 16536: 16485: 16464: 16384: 16281: 16208: 16150: 16143: 16070: 16044: 16012: 15946: 15821: 15750: 15743: 15687: 15560: 15519: 15433: 15325: 15149: 14717: 14594: 14459:Appetizers & Coldcuts 14458: 14407: 14341: 14250: 14224: 14170: 13896: 13619: 12972: 12901: 12813: 12714: 12642: 12538: 12529: 12440:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad) 12389: 12287:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad) 12231: 12222: 12045: 11931: 11922: 11847: 10936:Glycine site antagonists: 10522: 10280: 9871: 9828: 9778: 8867:Glycine site antagonists: 8453: 8211: 7802: 7759: 7702: 7661: 7384: 6874: 6660:Coriander leaf / Cilantro 6575: 6570:Culinary herbs and spices 6516: 6485: 6464: 6343: 6277: 6264: 6153: 6113: 6022:10.1365/S10337-009-1398-Z 5107:. Camden soc. p. 268 4785:Honan WH (2 March 2004). 4435:10.1007/s40265-018-0897-3 3347:10.1007/s13318-017-0449-3 2792:10.1007/978-3-319-58679-3 2777:. In Lichtfouse E (ed.). 1908:is present as 29% of the 1767: 1757: 1753: 1745: 1733: 1729: 1721: 1708: 1695: 1682: 1669: 1656: 1643: 1630: 1617: 1604: 1591: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1549: 1536: 1523: 1507: 1490: 1474: 1457: 1440: 1423: 1413: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1373: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1339: 1329: 1319: 1309: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1275: 1259: 1255: 1245: 1240: 645:Saffron contains some 28 577:-glucopyranose derivative 426:vegetative multiplication 16109:Aush-e-Sholeh-Ghalam-Kar 16094:Ash-e-Anar (Pomegranate) 15643:Krokos Kozanis (Saffron) 13138:Fabomotizole (afobazole) 13113:Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) 12319:JNJ-40411813 (ADX-71149) 10824:Competitive antagonists: 10732:Polyamine site agonists: 10718:Neboglamine (nebostinel) 10287:Tooltip Kainate receptor 8755:Competitive antagonists: 8663:Polyamine site agonists: 8649:Neboglamine (nebostinel) 8218:Tooltip Kainate receptor 7558:Montreal steak seasoning 6524:Glossary of dyeing terms 6344:Traditional textile dyes 5484:Harvard University Press 4750:10.3389/fpls.2022.834416 4380:Pharmacological Research 3839:. TOLOnews. 4 April 2024 3053:Sharaf-Eldin et al. 2008 2754:Rubio-Moraga et al. 2009 2166:South East Mediterranean 2035:Several wild species of 1199: 1081: 542: 277:and some islands of the 23:Saffron (disambiguation) 17282:Desserts & pastries 14237:Ancient Greece and wine 14102:Mepyramine (pyrilamine) 13783:3-Methoxydextrallorphan 13443:3-Methoxydextrallorphan 13266:Racemorphan (morphanol) 11806:Pentamidine isethionate 11550:Traxoprodil (CP-101606) 10789:Epipregnanolone sulfate 9737:Pentamidine isethionate 9481:Traxoprodil (CP-101606) 8720:Epipregnanolone sulfate 5927:10.1186/1756-0500-2-189 5779:(1st ed.), Wiley, 3873:"Global Saffron Market" 3510:Verma & Middha 2010 2693:ISHS Acta Horticulturae 2617:), Douglas Harper. 2016 1856:made with saffron from 1852:, a precious dry-cured 1770:US recommendations 1224: 1128:geographical indication 709:systematic (IUPAC) name 18497:Category:Indian drinks 16301:Khoresh bādenjān lapeh 14157:Tiospirone (BMY-13859) 14097:Gevotroline (WY-47384) 14022:18-Methoxycoronaridine 14009:Allosteric modulators: 13768:Panamesine (EMD-57455) 13718:Siramesine (Lu 28-179) 13655:Ditolylguanidine (DTG) 13418:Allosteric modulators: 13381:Panamesine (EMD-57455) 13326:BMY-14802 (BMS-181100) 13118:Ditolylguanidine (DTG) 13098:Dextromethorphan (DXM) 11836:Allosteric modulators: 11771:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976) 11426:Pethidine (meperidine) 11047:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 10969:Apimostinel (NRX-1074) 10633:Apimostinel (NRX-1074) 10601:Glycine site agonists: 10433:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 10144:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 10029:Mibampator (LY-451395) 9767:Allosteric modulators: 9702:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976) 9357:Pethidine (meperidine) 8978:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 8900:Apimostinel (NRX-1074) 8564:Apimostinel (NRX-1074) 8532:Glycine site agonists: 8364:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 8075:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 7960:Mibampator (LY-451395) 7514: 6271: 5984:10.1055/s-2008-1081293 5898:, Foods of the World, 5737:Hanelt P, ed. (2001), 5584:Crop and Food Research 5551:Dharmananda S (2005), 5480:Loeb Classical Library 5151:Napier R, ed. (1882). 4545:Crocus cartwrightianus 4543:) as a hybrid of wild 4221:10.1055/s-0034-1375681 3424:"Sustainable Saffron ( 2247: 2228:Aulus Cornelius Celsus 2173:Crocus cartwrightianus 2124: 2047:Crocus cartwrightianus 2025:Crocus cartwrightianus 2011: 1824:of Iran, the Milanese 1814: 1774:the National Academies 1150: 878: 867: 859: 795:sub-molecule known as 642: 593: 512: 413:Crocus cartwrightianus 281:. The similar species 258:Crocus cartwrightianus 241: 233: 185: 47: 39: 18139:List of Indian drinks 16356:Khoresh ghormeh sabzi 15608:Agriculture in Greece 14232:Ancient Greek cuisine 13428:Methylphenylpiracetam 13003:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 11505:CO-101244 (PD-174494) 11221:Delucemine (NPS-1506) 11171:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 9436:CO-101244 (PD-174494) 9152:Delucemine (NPS-1506) 9102:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 6270: 6211:Reactive dye printing 5870:Negbi M, ed. (1999), 5615:10.1353/pbm.2004.0026 5420:Abdullaev FI (2002), 4513:) CS1 maint: others ( 4294:10.1093/nutrit/nuz023 2914:) CS1 maint: others ( 2245: 2118: 2005: 1892:Dried saffron is 65% 1812: 1379:Vitamins and minerals 1141: 1101:zafferano dell'Aquila 1043:, or shredded paper. 873: 865: 857: 807:cleavage, and is the 803:that is produced via 599: 587: safranal moiety 555: 510: 239: 231: 169:Further information: 137:. It also contains a 45: 33: 16548:Azerbaijani pakhlava 16321:Khoresh alou esfenaj 16311:Khoresh bāmieh lapeh 13251:Pregnenolone sulfate 13063:Cutamesine (SA-4503) 11525:Radiprodil (RGH-896) 11500:Buphenine (nylidrin) 11077:Rapastinel (GLYX-13) 10892:Midafotel (d-CPPene) 10799:Pregnenolone sulfate 10723:Rapastinel (GLYX-13) 10514:Pregnenolone sulfate 10255:Pregnenolone sulfate 9456:Radiprodil (RGH-896) 9431:Buphenine (nylidrin) 9008:Rapastinel (GLYX-13) 8823:Midafotel (d-CPPene) 8730:Pregnenolone sulfate 8654:Rapastinel (GLYX-13) 8445:Pregnenolone sulfate 8186:Pregnenolone sulfate 7409:Beau monde seasoning 6774:Limnophila aromatica 5896:The Cooking of India 5793:Humphries J (1998), 5717:(650), ISHS: 25–37, 5563:on 26 September 2006 4935:on 29 September 2011 4248:"How to Use Saffron" 3681:"Krokos Kozanis PDO" 2844:10.1051/agro:2007030 2322:Schwenkfelder Church 2087:Crocus haussknechtii 1986:erectile dysfunction 1866:Carthamus tinctorius 1784:traditional medicine 1174:United Arab Emirates 189:, from the Persian ( 147:Its recorded history 118:Saffron's taste and 21:For other uses, see 18226:Jil jil jigarthanda 16537:Sweets and desserts 13401:Rimcazole (BW-234U) 10756:-Hydroxycholesterol 10567:Homoquinolinic acid 10540:Main site agonists: 10298:Main site agonists: 9892:5-Fluorowillardiine 9889:Main site agonists: 8687:-Hydroxycholesterol 8498:Homoquinolinic acid 8471:Main site agonists: 8229:Main site agonists: 7823:5-Fluorowillardiine 7820:Main site agonists: 7533:Jamaican jerk spice 7155:Japanese pricklyash 6098:on 10 November 2004 5797:, Ten Speed Press, 5677:, Norfolk Saffron, 5655:Fletcher N (2005), 5593:on 27 December 2005 5405:, pp. 142–146. 5393:, pp. 138–139. 5293:2023PLoSO..1881010L 5253:, pp. 103–104. 4667:2019MolPE.136...14N 4612:2013MolPE..66..617H 3691:on 17 November 2018 3685:European Commission 3536:, pp. 102–104. 3230:10.1093/bfgp/elx003 2151:Shennong Bencaojing 2105:Alexander the Great 1237: 1182:Indian subcontinent 1113:San Gavino Monreale 952:(stigma alone) and 676:, various α- and β- 17432:Andalusian cuisine 16371:Khoresh lubia-sabz 14659:Ladotyri Mytilinis 13158:Igmesine (JO-1784) 13087:prasterone sulfate 11104:Diethylenetriamine 10783:prasterone sulfate 10558:Homocysteic acid ( 10301:5-Bromowillardiine 9819:Glutamate receptor 9035:Diethylenetriamine 8714:prasterone sulfate 8489:Homocysteic acid ( 8232:5-Bromowillardiine 7509:Herbes de Provence 7140:Grains of paradise 7003:Crushed red pepper 6717:Houttuynia cordata 6351:Armenian cochineal 6272: 6036:Willard P (2002), 5918:BMC Research Notes 5711:Acta Horticulturae 5673:Francis S (2011), 5472:Celsus AC (1989), 5368:. 7 November 2014. 4919:Fotedar S (1999). 4791:The New York Times 4047:10.1007/BF02858789 3883:on 30 October 2020 3739:Vlahova V (2022). 3578:Free Press Kashmir 3553:. 18 November 2017 2730:Grilli Caiola 2003 2636:Asbaghi A (1988). 2613:. etymonline.com ( 2326:Pennsylvania Dutch 2248: 2125: 2052:Crocus longiflorus 2012: 1998:History of saffron 1842:of France, to the 1815: 1735:Other constituents 1235: 1151: 1142:Saffron market in 934:saffron. The word 879: 868: 860: 643: 594: 513: 242: 234: 171:History of saffron 48: 40: 18535: 18534: 18529: 18528: 18097: 18096: 17762:Cognac Skënderbeu 17720: 17719: 17455: 17454: 17447:Sephardic cuisine 17359:Moroccan mint tea 16919: 16918: 16493:Zeytoon Parvardeh 16460: 16459: 15942: 15941: 15703: 15702: 15697:Greece portal 14654:Kopanisti Mykonou 14408:Salads & Dips 14242:Byzantine cuisine 14184: 14183: 14019:Unknown/unsorted: 13780:Unknown/unsorted: 13515: 13440:Unknown/unsorted: 13103:Dextrorphan (DXO) 12929: 12928: 12923: 12922: 12897: 12896: 12846: 12747: 12670: 12566: 12525: 12524: 12218: 12217: 11879: 11878: 11730: 11686:Trichloroethylene 11631:Ethanol (alcohol) 10996: 10939:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101) 10707: 10699: 10666: 10658: 10650: 10607: 10592:Tetrazolylglycine 10561: 10499:Ethanol (alcohol) 10488:sodium thiopental 10306:5-Iodowillardiine 10215:Ethanol (alcohol) 10199:sodium thiopental 9810: 9809: 9661: 9617:Trichloroethylene 9562:Ethanol (alcohol) 8927: 8870:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101) 8638: 8630: 8597: 8589: 8581: 8538: 8523:Tetrazolylglycine 8492: 8430:Ethanol (alcohol) 8419:sodium thiopental 8237:5-Iodowillardiine 8146:Ethanol (alcohol) 8130:sodium thiopental 7744: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7710:Chinese herbology 7588:Pumpkin pie spice 7568:Old Bay Seasoning 7528:Italian seasoning 7474:Five-spice powder 6776:(rice-paddy herb) 6619:Indian bay leaf ( 6537: 6536: 6049:978-0-8070-5009-5 5963:978-0-7890-2101-4 5909:978-0-8094-0069-0 5887:978-90-5702-394-1 5863:978-0-684-80001-1 5828:978-1-57808-427-2 5804:978-1-58008-024-8 5786:978-0-471-21423-6 5768:978-1-56032-814-8 5757:Hayes AW (2001), 5750:978-3-540-41017-1 5702:978-0-521-09843-4 5691:Grigg DB (1974), 5684:978-0-9550466-7-4 5666:978-0-312-34068-1 5648:978-0-8129-7142-2 5637:Finlay V (2003), 5544:978-0-415-23259-3 5523:978-0-520-23674-5 5493:978-0-674-99322-8 5067:, pp. 34–35. 4881:, pp. 54–55. 4854:, pp. 17–18. 4564:10.1111/nph.15715 4476:978-0-12-818740-1 4282:Nutrition Reviews 4158:. 20 August 2017. 4127:978-1-904985-56-3 3964:978-0-309-48834-1 3877:behinexir company 3489:978-4-903313-67-2 3445:978-4-903313-67-2 3021:978-0-12-818638-1 2877:978-0-12-818740-1 2801:978-3-319-58679-3 2647:978-3-447-02757-1 2448:Katzer G (2010). 2414:. Merriam-Webster 2269:The 14th-century 2188:, townspeople in 2090:by botanists) in 2042:Crocus ancyrensis 1978:mental depression 1780: 1779: 1725: 1724: 1072:mass spectrometry 984:spectrophotometry 729:dicarboxylic acid 641: 640: 603:reaction between 592: 591: 457:Bacillus subtilis 380:25–30 mm (1– 18605: 18563:Incense material 18521:India portal 18519: 18518: 18517: 18509:Drink portal 18507: 18506: 18505: 18495: 18494: 18124: 18117: 18110: 18101: 18100: 18057:Related cuisines 17650:Herbs and spices 17500: 17499: 17489:Albanian cuisine 17482: 17475: 17468: 17459: 17458: 17422:Tunisian cuisine 17417:Algerian cuisine 17410:Related cuisines 17402: 17309: 17297: 17269: 17216: 17106: 17094: 17082: 17055: 17011: 16999: 16953:Moroccan cuisine 16946: 16939: 16932: 16923: 16922: 16909: 16908: 16897: 16896: 16895: 16801:Southern Iranian 16786:Related cuisines 16508:Kashk e bademjan 16412:Tabriz meatballs 16296:Khoresh bademjan 16148: 16147: 15822:Herbs and spices 15748: 15747: 15730: 15723: 15716: 15707: 15706: 15695: 15694: 15693: 15658:Santorini tomato 15614:Notable products 15603:Greek restaurant 15068:Classic omeletta 14830:Smyrna meatballs 14649:Kalathaki Limnou 14211: 14204: 14197: 14188: 14187: 13874: 13870: 13829: 13825: 13819: 13815: 13688:(midomafetamine) 13687: 13537: 13533: 13527: 13523: 13513: 13181:(midomafetamine) 13180: 13049: 13045: 12956: 12949: 12942: 12933: 12932: 12844: 12824: 12820: 12745: 12725: 12721: 12668: 12653: 12649: 12564: 12549: 12545: 12536: 12535: 12400: 12396: 12242: 12238: 12229: 12228: 12056: 12052: 11942: 11938: 11929: 11928: 11906: 11899: 11892: 11883: 11882: 11728: 11681:Trichloroethanol 11241:Dextromethorphan 10994: 10778: 10767: 10763: 10705: 10697: 10664: 10656: 10648: 10605: 10559: 10530: 10526: 10288: 10284: 10119:Fanapanel (MPQX) 9879: 9875: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9832: 9831: 9814: 9813: 9659: 9612:Trichloroethanol 9172:Dextromethorphan 8925: 8709: 8698: 8694: 8636: 8628: 8595: 8587: 8579: 8536: 8490: 8461: 8457: 8219: 8215: 8050:Fanapanel (MPQX) 7810: 7806: 7786: 7779: 7772: 7763: 7762: 7753:Pharmacodynamics 7748: 7747: 7519: 7326:Tasmanian pepper 7307:Sichuan pepper ( 7262:Pomegranate seed 7076:Dill / Dill seed 6931:Brazilian pepper 6894:Alligator pepper 6648:garlic / Chinese 6564: 6557: 6550: 6541: 6540: 6431:Polish cochineal 6259: 6250: 6231: 6197: 6181: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6117: 6116: 6108:Related articles 6104: 6103: 6099: 6094:, archived from 6075: 6052: 6042:, Beacon Press, 6032: 6016:(1–2): 117–123, 6004: 5995: 5966: 5948: 5939: 5929: 5912: 5890: 5866: 5843: 5835:Leffingwell JC, 5831: 5807: 5789: 5771: 5753: 5733: 5705: 5687: 5669: 5651: 5641:, Random House, 5633: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5592: 5581: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5559:, archived from 5547: 5526: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5322: 5304: 5272: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5126:Pratt A (1855). 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4819: 4813: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4782: 4773: 4772: 4762: 4752: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4566: 4557:(4): 1965–1980. 4534: 4528: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4508: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4243: 4234: 4233: 4223: 4197: 4188: 4187: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4094: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3764: 3749: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3687:. Archived from 3676: 3670: 3669: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3419: 3413: 3410:Dharmananda 2005 3407: 3401: 3395: 3382: 3376: 3367: 3366: 3326: 3317: 3311: 3300: 3299: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3213: 3198: 3192: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2982: 2981:, p. 30–31. 2976: 2970: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2941: 2938:Kafi et al. 2006 2935: 2920: 2919: 2909: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2823: 2814: 2813: 2785: 2770: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2690: 2681: 2675: 2672:Kafi et al. 2006 2669: 2660: 2659: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2533: 2522: 2521: 2512:(1): 1033–1039. 2497: 2484: 2478: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2402: 2383: 2371: 2359: 2347: 2192:, and the Greek 1943: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1793:In the European 1586: 1512: 1495: 1479: 1462: 1445: 1428: 1408: 1375: 1374: 1238: 1234: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1134:World production 901: 790: 789: 788: 780: 779: 771: 770: 759:chemical formula 665:, including the 635: 619: 613: 612: 586: 568: 562: 561: 538: 537: 533: 528: 527: 523: 487: 486: 482: 479: 473: 472: 468: 393: 392: 388: 385: 358: 357: 353: 348: 347: 343: 335:leaves known as 308:It is a sterile 290:C. pallasii 284:C. thomasii 208: 207: 194: 193: 188: 96: 95: 92: 91: 88: 85: 80: 79: 76: 73: 70: 67: 64: 61: 34:Saffron crocus, 18613: 18612: 18608: 18607: 18606: 18604: 18603: 18602: 18598:Spanish cuisine 18583:Iranian cuisine 18538: 18537: 18536: 18531: 18530: 18525: 18515: 18513: 18503: 18501: 18483: 18360: 18341:Doodh Pati Chai 18312: 18293:Sugarcane juice 18142: 18131: 18128: 18098: 18093: 18052: 18011: 17912: 17802: 17776: 17716: 17645: 17554: 17491: 17486: 17456: 17451: 17405: 17396: 17347: 17303: 17291: 17277: 17263: 17251:Mekhmar/Betbout 17219: 17210: 17186: 17130: 17109: 17100: 17088: 17076: 17049: 17005: 16993: 16955: 16950: 16920: 16915: 16911:Food portal 16903: 16899:Iran portal 16893: 16891: 16883: 16781: 16740: 16699: 16532: 16481: 16456: 16380: 16376:Khoresh reevaas 16351:Khoresh gheimeh 16291:Baghala ghatogh 16277: 16258:Isfahan Beryani 16204: 16175:Kabab bakhtiari 16139: 16104:Aush-e-Shalqham 16071:Soups and āshes 16066: 16040: 16008: 15979:khuske-e-tanour 15947:Breads and nans 15938: 15817: 15739: 15737:Iranian cuisine 15734: 15704: 15699: 15691: 15689: 15683: 15633:Fava Santorinis 15623:Florina peppers 15556: 15515: 15429: 15321: 15145: 14740:Drunken chicken 14713: 14590: 14586:Strained yogurt 14511:Kolokythoanthoi 14454: 14425:Melitzanosalata 14403: 14337: 14246: 14220: 14215: 14185: 14180: 14166: 14086:St. John's wort 13912:Ethylketazocine 13892: 13872: 13827: 13817: 13693:Methamphetamine 13624: 13615: 13601:Trifluoperazine 13535: 13525: 13201:Methylphenidate 13191:Methamphetamine 13047: 12977: 12968: 12960: 12930: 12925: 12924: 12919: 12893: 12822: 12819: 12809: 12723: 12720: 12710: 12651: 12648: 12638: 12547: 12544: 12521: 12398: 12395: 12385: 12240: 12237: 12214: 12106:Quisqualic acid 12054: 12051: 12041: 11972:Quisqualic acid 11940: 11937: 11918: 11910: 11880: 11875: 11843: 11741:Flufenamic acid 11676:Trichloroethane 11451:Rhynchophylline 11371:Methoxphenidine 11336:Levomilnacipran 11236:Dextromethadone 11161:α-Endopsychosin 10765: 10677:Dimethylglycine 10587:Quinolinic acid 10528: 10518: 10356:Quisqualic acid 10286: 10276: 9932:Quisqualic acid 9877: 9867: 9859: 9824: 9811: 9806: 9774: 9672:Flufenamic acid 9607:Trichloroethane 9382:Rhynchophylline 9302:Methoxphenidine 9267:Levomilnacipran 9167:Dextromethadone 9092:α-Endopsychosin 8696: 8608:Dimethylglycine 8518:Quinolinic acid 8459: 8449: 8287:Quisqualic acid 8217: 8207: 7863:Quisqualic acid 7808: 7798: 7790: 7755: 7745: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7698: 7657: 7633:Tandoori masala 7380: 7257:Peruvian pepper 7145:Grains of Selim 7130:Aromatic ginger 7063:Bunium persicum 6870: 6571: 6568: 6538: 6533: 6512: 6481: 6460: 6339: 6273: 6262: 6149: 6144: 6109: 6078: 6063: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6010:Chromatographia 5978:(10): 1316–20, 5964: 5910: 5894:Rau SR (1969), 5888: 5864: 5841:leffingwell.com 5829: 5805: 5787: 5775:Hill T (2004), 5769: 5751: 5703: 5685: 5667: 5649: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5579: 5566: 5564: 5545: 5524: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5463: 5461: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5360: 5359: 5355: 5340: 5336: 5287:(1): e0281010. 5273: 5269: 5261: 5257: 5249: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5184:on 8 March 2018 5176: 5175: 5171: 5160: 5158: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5099: 5095: 5087: 5083: 5075: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4995:, p. 1352. 4991: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4955: 4948: 4938: 4936: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4889: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4865: 4858: 4850: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4822: 4814: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4783: 4776: 4729: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4647: 4643: 4592: 4588: 4551:New Phytologist 4535: 4531: 4526: 4522: 4502: 4501: 4494: 4492: 4477: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4419: 4415: 4372: 4368: 4321: 4317: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4244: 4237: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4167: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4144:. 11 July 2017. 4140: 4139: 4135: 4128: 4112: 4108: 4092: 4086: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4031: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4014:on 4 March 2016 3996: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3965: 3948: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3914: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3815:Hindustan Times 3809: 3808: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3782: 3778: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3747: 3737: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3677: 3673: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3605:4 November 2003 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3490: 3464: 3460: 3446: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3385: 3377: 3370: 3327: 3320: 3312: 3303: 3260: 3253: 3214: 3201: 3193: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3114: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3082:, pp. 3–4. 3078: 3074: 3066: 3059: 3051: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3004: 3000: 2996:, pp. 2–3. 2992: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2944: 2936: 2923: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2893: 2878: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2824: 2817: 2802: 2783: 2771: 2760: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2688: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2663: 2648: 2634: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2534: 2525: 2498: 2487: 2479: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2446: 2442: 2434: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2387: 2384: 2375: 2372: 2363: 2360: 2351: 2348: 2339: 2318: 2240: 2207:Ptolemaic Egypt 2168: 2146: 2113: 2066: 2057:Crocus thomasii 2016:C. sativus 2000: 1994: 1962: 1954: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1890: 1882:Medieval Europe 1807: 1763: 1758: 1716: 1703: 1690: 1677: 1664: 1651: 1638: 1625: 1612: 1599: 1587: 1557: 1544: 1531: 1518: 1510: 1502: 1493: 1485: 1477: 1469: 1460: 1452: 1443: 1435: 1426: 1409: 1380: 1369: 1364: 1341:Polyunsaturated 1331:Monounsaturated 1305: 1300: 1271: 1266: 1233: 1227: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1202: 1136: 1084: 1001: 877:saffron package 852: 787: 784: 783: 782: 778: 775: 774: 773: 769: 766: 765: 764: 762: 757:. Picrocrocin ( 755:pungent flavour 707:; it bears the 649:, dominated by 637: 633: 629: 617: 588: 584: 578: 566: 550: 545: 535: 531: 530: 525: 521: 520: 505: 492:C. sativus 484: 480: 477: 475: 470: 466: 465: 408: 390: 386: 383: 381: 361:C. sativus 355: 351: 350: 345: 341: 340: 322:C. sativus 318:C. sativus 305:. and Kashmir. 253:perennial plant 248:, is an autumn- 226: 221: 215: 173: 167: 155:traded and used 82: 58: 54: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18611: 18601: 18600: 18595: 18590: 18585: 18580: 18575: 18570: 18565: 18560: 18558:Food colorings 18555: 18550: 18533: 18532: 18527: 18526: 18524: 18523: 18511: 18499: 18488: 18485: 18484: 18482: 18481: 18476: 18471: 18466: 18461: 18456: 18451: 18446: 18441: 18436: 18431: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18395: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18368: 18366: 18362: 18361: 18359: 18358: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18336:Darjeeling tea 18333: 18328: 18322: 18320: 18314: 18313: 18311: 18310: 18305: 18300: 18295: 18290: 18285: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18223: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18203: 18198: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18147: 18144: 18143: 18136: 18133: 18132: 18127: 18126: 18119: 18112: 18104: 18095: 18094: 18092: 18091: 18086: 18081: 18076: 18071: 18066: 18060: 18058: 18054: 18053: 18051: 18050: 18045: 18042: 18037: 18034: 18031: 18028: 18025: 18019: 18017: 18013: 18012: 18010: 18009: 18004: 18002:Turli perimesh 17999: 17994: 17989: 17986: 17983: 17980: 17975: 17970: 17965: 17962: 17957: 17952: 17947: 17942: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17924: 17920: 17918: 17914: 17913: 17911: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17897: 17892: 17887: 17884: 17881: 17878: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17857: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17841: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17810: 17808: 17804: 17803: 17801: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17784: 17782: 17778: 17777: 17775: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17728: 17726: 17722: 17721: 17718: 17717: 17715: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17664: 17659: 17653: 17651: 17647: 17646: 17644: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17562: 17560: 17556: 17555: 17553: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17517: 17512: 17506: 17504: 17497: 17493: 17492: 17485: 17484: 17477: 17470: 17462: 17453: 17452: 17450: 17449: 17444: 17442:Berber cuisine 17439: 17434: 17429: 17427:Libyan cuisine 17424: 17419: 17413: 17411: 17407: 17406: 17404: 17403: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17355: 17353: 17349: 17348: 17346: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17298: 17285: 17283: 17279: 17278: 17276: 17275: 17270: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17227: 17225: 17221: 17220: 17218: 17217: 17205: 17200: 17194: 17192: 17188: 17187: 17185: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17138: 17136: 17132: 17131: 17129: 17128: 17123: 17117: 17115: 17111: 17110: 17108: 17107: 17095: 17083: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17056: 17044: 17043: 17042: 17037: 17032: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17000: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16967: 16965: 16957: 16956: 16949: 16948: 16941: 16934: 16926: 16917: 16916: 16914: 16913: 16901: 16888: 16885: 16884: 16882: 16881: 16876: 16867: 16862: 16860:Middle Eastern 16857: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16836: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16804: 16803: 16798: 16789: 16787: 16783: 16782: 16780: 16779: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16748: 16746: 16742: 16741: 16739: 16738: 16733: 16731:Turkish coffee 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16707: 16705: 16701: 16700: 16698: 16697: 16692: 16687: 16685:Tabrizi Lovuez 16682: 16677: 16672: 16667: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16540: 16538: 16534: 16533: 16531: 16530: 16525: 16523:Mirza Ghassemi 16520: 16515: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16489: 16487: 16483: 16482: 16480: 16479: 16474: 16468: 16466: 16462: 16461: 16458: 16457: 16455: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16388: 16386: 16382: 16381: 16379: 16378: 16373: 16368: 16366:Khoresh karafs 16363: 16361:Khoresh kangar 16358: 16353: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16313: 16308: 16306:Khoresh bāmieh 16303: 16298: 16293: 16287: 16285: 16279: 16278: 16276: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16214: 16212: 16206: 16205: 16203: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16185:Kabab koobideh 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16156: 16154: 16145: 16141: 16140: 16138: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16121:(main article) 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16085:(main article) 16080: 16074: 16072: 16068: 16067: 16065: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16052:Lighvan cheese 16048: 16046: 16042: 16041: 16039: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16022:(main article) 16016: 16014: 16010: 16009: 16007: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15971: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15950: 15948: 15944: 15943: 15940: 15939: 15937: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15896: 15891: 15886: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15836: 15831: 15825: 15823: 15819: 15818: 15816: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15754: 15752: 15745: 15741: 15740: 15733: 15732: 15725: 15718: 15710: 15701: 15700: 15688: 15685: 15684: 15682: 15681: 15676: 15668: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15638:Kalamata olive 15635: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15611: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15564: 15562: 15558: 15557: 15555: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15527:Ionian islands 15523: 15521: 15517: 15516: 15514: 15513: 15508: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15437: 15435: 15431: 15430: 15428: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15331: 15329: 15323: 15322: 15320: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15277:Moustokouloura 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15202:Galaktoboureko 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15153: 15151: 15147: 15146: 15144: 15143: 15141:Tomatokeftedes 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15116:Leaf vegetable 15113: 15108: 15103: 15095: 15091: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15061: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14987: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14917: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14873: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14723: 14721: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14644:Kefalograviera 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14600: 14598: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14496:Gigandes plaki 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14462: 14460: 14456: 14455: 14453: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14411: 14409: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14345: 14343: 14339: 14338: 14336: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14254: 14252: 14248: 14247: 14245: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14228: 14226: 14222: 14221: 14214: 14213: 14206: 14199: 14191: 14182: 14181: 14171: 14168: 14167: 14165: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14099: 14094: 14089: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14052:Chlorpromazine 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14015: 14014: 14005: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13940: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13900: 13898: 13894: 13893: 13891: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13820: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13776: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13726: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13628: 13626: 13622: 13617: 13616: 13614: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13528: 13518: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13493:Chlorpromazine 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13414: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13346:E-52862 (S1RA) 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13279: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13211:Neuropeptide Y 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13093:Dextrallorphan 13090: 13080: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12981: 12979: 12975: 12970: 12969: 12963:Sigma receptor 12959: 12958: 12951: 12944: 12936: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12920: 12902: 12899: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12857: 12856: 12841: 12836: 12827: 12825: 12817: 12811: 12810: 12808: 12807: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12756: 12755: 12750: 12742: 12737: 12728: 12726: 12718: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12674: 12673: 12665: 12656: 12654: 12646: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12602: 12601: 12596: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12561: 12552: 12550: 12542: 12533: 12527: 12526: 12523: 12522: 12520: 12519: 12514: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12463: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12403: 12401: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12378: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12322: 12321: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12245: 12243: 12235: 12226: 12220: 12219: 12216: 12215: 12213: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12121: 12120: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12059: 12057: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11945: 11943: 11935: 11926: 11920: 11919: 11909: 11908: 11901: 11894: 11886: 11877: 11876: 11874: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11842: 11841: 11829: 11828: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11651:Methoxyflurane 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11586: 11581: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11396:Nitromemantine 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11331:Levomethorphan 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11251:Dieticyclidine 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11231:Dextrallorphan 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11186:Argiotoxin-636 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11099:Diaminopropane 11096: 11091: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11027:Kynurenic acid 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10817: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10773: 10758: 10742: 10737: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10702: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10661: 10653: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10533: 10531: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10428:Kynurenic acid 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10391: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10291: 10289: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10274: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10134:Kynurenic acid 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10077: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9882: 9880: 9869: 9868: 9858: 9857: 9850: 9843: 9835: 9829: 9826: 9825: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9804: 9797: 9790: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9772: 9760: 9759: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9582:Methoxyflurane 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9517: 9512: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9327:Nitromemantine 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9262:Levomethorphan 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9182:Dieticyclidine 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9162:Dextrallorphan 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9117:Argiotoxin-636 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9030:Diaminopropane 9027: 9022: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8958:Kynurenic acid 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8704: 8689: 8673: 8668: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8633: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8592: 8584: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8464: 8462: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8359:Kynurenic acid 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8322: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8222: 8220: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8065:Kynurenic acid 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8008: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7813: 7811: 7800: 7799: 7789: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7766: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7742: 7741: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7703:Related topics 7700: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7671: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7563:Mulling spices 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7439:Cinnamon sugar 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7351:Voatsiperifery 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7100: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7067: 7066: 7059: 7056:Nigella sativa 7047: 7042: 7040:Coriander seed 7037: 7032: 7027: 7026: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6880: 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6667: 6657: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6616: 6611: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6589: 6581: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6567: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6544: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6472:Use of saffron 6468: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6251: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6189: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6143: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6120: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6101: 6100: 6082:Crocus sativus 6076: 6059: 6058:External links 6056: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6033: 6005: 5967: 5962: 5949: 5913: 5908: 5891: 5886: 5875:Crocus sativus 5867: 5862: 5844: 5832: 5827: 5816:Crocus sativus 5808: 5803: 5790: 5785: 5772: 5767: 5754: 5749: 5734: 5706: 5701: 5688: 5683: 5670: 5665: 5652: 5647: 5634: 5602: 5575:Deo B (2003), 5572: 5548: 5543: 5527: 5522: 5504: 5492: 5469: 5424:Crocus sativus 5416: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5395: 5383: 5381:, p. 138. 5371: 5353: 5334: 5267: 5265:, p. 133. 5255: 5243: 5241:, p. 101. 5231: 5219: 5207: 5195: 5169: 5143: 5118: 5101:Way A (1843). 5093: 5081: 5069: 5057: 5045: 5033: 5021: 5009: 4997: 4985: 4983:, p. 224. 4973: 4971:, p. 256. 4961: 4946: 4911: 4883: 4871: 4856: 4844: 4832: 4828:Humphries 1998 4820: 4803: 4774: 4720: 4703:Maw G (1886). 4695: 4641: 4606:(3): 617–627. 4586: 4541:Crocus sativus 4529: 4520: 4475: 4456: 4429:(6): 643–673. 4413: 4376:Crocus sativus 4366: 4339:(4): 269–276. 4327:Crocus sativus 4315: 4288:(8): 557–571. 4268: 4235: 4214:(6): 287–295. 4189: 4182: 4161: 4147: 4133: 4126: 4106: 4080: 4078:, p. 138. 4068: 4041:(2): 228–236. 4025: 3990: 3963: 3942: 3908: 3894: 3864: 3850: 3828: 3817:. 25 July 2020 3802: 3776: 3743:Crocus Sativus 3731: 3729:, p. 201. 3719: 3717:, p. 143. 3702: 3671: 3643: 3616: 3590: 3564: 3538: 3526: 3524:, p. 274. 3514: 3512:, p. 1–2. 3502: 3488: 3470:Crocus sativus 3458: 3444: 3426:Crocus sativus 3414: 3402: 3383: 3381:, p. 422. 3368: 3341:(4): 383–390. 3318: 3314:Abdullaev 2002 3301: 3268:Food Chemistry 3264:Crocus sativus 3251: 3224:(6): 336–347. 3199: 3184: 3158: 3146: 3144:, p. 273. 3134: 3108: 3096: 3084: 3072: 3057: 3045: 3033: 3020: 2998: 2983: 2971: 2959: 2942: 2921: 2876: 2857: 2815: 2800: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2717: 2676: 2661: 2646: 2628: 2602: 2577: 2575:, p. 272. 2562: 2550: 2523: 2485: 2470: 2452:Crocus sativus 2440: 2438:, p. 423. 2425: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2317: 2314: 2310:Saffron Walden 2239: 2238:Western Europe 2236: 2200:scented waters 2167: 2164: 2158:and the deity 2145: 2142: 2112: 2109: 2078:Crocus sativus 2065: 2062: 2018:is probably a 1996:Main article: 1993: 1990: 1961: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1921: 1918: 1914:micronutrients 1912:, while other 1896:, 6% fat, 11% 1889: 1886: 1836:of Spain, the 1830:of Italy, the 1806: 1803: 1778: 1777: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1581: 1576: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1514: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1431: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1398: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1317: 1316: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1231:Use of saffron 1229:Main article: 1226: 1223: 1204:Main article: 1201: 1198: 1135: 1132: 1124:Kashmir Valley 1120:Crocus sativus 1083: 1080: 1000: 997: 851: 848: 785: 776: 767: 719:or diglycosyl 663:phytochemicals 639: 638: 636: crocetin 632: 630: 616: 601:Esterification 590: 589: 583: 580: 579: 565: 549: 546: 544: 541: 504: 501: 432:Crocus sativus 407: 404: 333:photosynthetic 246:Crocus sativus 225: 222: 219:Crocus sativus 217:Main article: 214: 211: 166: 163: 128:phytochemicals 100:Crocus sativus 36:Crocus sativus 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18610: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18589: 18588:Iraqi cuisine 18586: 18584: 18581: 18579: 18578:Indian spices 18576: 18574: 18573:Greek cuisine 18571: 18569: 18566: 18564: 18561: 18559: 18556: 18554: 18551: 18549: 18546: 18545: 18543: 18522: 18512: 18510: 18500: 18498: 18490: 18489: 18486: 18480: 18477: 18475: 18474:Indian whisky 18472: 18470: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18460: 18457: 18455: 18452: 18450: 18447: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18396: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18369: 18367: 18363: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18324: 18323: 18321: 18319: 18315: 18309: 18306: 18304: 18301: 18299: 18296: 18294: 18291: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18211:Filter coffee 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18197: 18196:Coconut water 18194: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18182: 18179: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18148: 18145: 18141: 18140: 18134: 18130:Indian drinks 18125: 18120: 18118: 18113: 18111: 18106: 18105: 18102: 18090: 18089:Mediterranean 18087: 18085: 18082: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18062: 18061: 18059: 18055: 18049: 18046: 18043: 18041: 18038: 18035: 18032: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18020: 18018: 18014: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17987: 17984: 17981: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17971: 17969: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17956: 17953: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17945:Imam Bajalldi 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17922: 17921: 17919: 17915: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17885: 17882: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17829:Krem karamele 17827: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17811: 17809: 17805: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17785: 17783: 17779: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17729: 17727: 17723: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17655: 17654: 17652: 17648: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17563: 17561: 17557: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17516: 17513: 17511: 17508: 17507: 17505: 17501: 17498: 17494: 17490: 17483: 17478: 17476: 17471: 17469: 17464: 17463: 17460: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17438: 17435: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17414: 17412: 17408: 17400: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17356: 17354: 17350: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17307: 17302: 17299: 17295: 17290: 17287: 17286: 17284: 17280: 17274: 17271: 17267: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17228: 17226: 17222: 17214: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17195: 17193: 17189: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17139: 17137: 17133: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17118: 17116: 17112: 17104: 17099: 17096: 17092: 17087: 17084: 17080: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17053: 17048: 17045: 17041: 17040:Prunes tajine 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17027: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17009: 17004: 17001: 16997: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16958: 16954: 16947: 16942: 16940: 16935: 16933: 16928: 16927: 16924: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16900: 16890: 16889: 16886: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16820: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16794: 16793: 16791: 16790: 16788: 16784: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16749: 16747: 16743: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16708: 16706: 16702: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16549: 16545: 16542: 16541: 16539: 16535: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16490: 16488: 16486:Hors d'oeuvre 16484: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16469: 16467: 16463: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16389: 16387: 16383: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16352: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16342: 16341:Khoresh qārch 16339: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16331:Khoresh havij 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16288: 16286: 16284: 16280: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16215: 16213: 16211: 16207: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16170:Kabab chenjeh 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16157: 16155: 16153: 16149: 16146: 16142: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16075: 16073: 16069: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16049: 16047: 16043: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16026:Shirazi salad 16024: 16021: 16018: 16017: 16015: 16011: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15974:khuske-shirin 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15951: 15949: 15945: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15882: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15826: 15824: 15820: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15755: 15753: 15749: 15746: 15742: 15738: 15731: 15726: 15724: 15719: 15717: 15712: 15711: 15708: 15698: 15686: 15680: 15679:Zante currant 15677: 15675: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15653:Rodi Ermionis 15651: 15649: 15648:Menalou honey 15646: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15613: 15612: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15565: 15563: 15559: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15524: 15522: 15518: 15512: 15511:Frappé coffee 15509: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15438: 15436: 15432: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15332: 15330: 15328: 15324: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15148: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15101: 15096: 15093: 15092: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15063: 15062: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15048: 15044: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15034:Manitarosoupa 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14999:Bourou-bourou 14997: 14995: 14992: 14989: 14988: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14879: 14875: 14874: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14720: 14716: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14601: 14599: 14597: 14593: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14521:Kolokythopita 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14463: 14461: 14457: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14406: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14340: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14255: 14253: 14249: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14227: 14223: 14219: 14218:Greek cuisine 14212: 14207: 14205: 14200: 14198: 14193: 14192: 14189: 14179: 14178: 14175: 14169: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14090: 14087: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14017: 14016: 14013: 14010: 14007: 14006: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13942: 13941: 13938: 13937:Tenocyclidine 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13895: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13778: 13777: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13728: 13727: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13713:Phencyclidine 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13627: 13625: 13618: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13517: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13483:Amitriptyline 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13438: 13437: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13422: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13281: 13280: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13196:Methoxetamine 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13088: 13084: 13081: 13078: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12978: 12971: 12967: 12964: 12957: 12952: 12950: 12945: 12943: 12938: 12937: 12934: 12918: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12906: 12900: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12859: 12858: 12855: 12852: 12848: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12829: 12828: 12826: 12821: 12812: 12806: 12803: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12758: 12757: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12722: 12713: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12676: 12675: 12672: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12655: 12650: 12641: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12546: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12528: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12465: 12464: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12430:Ibotenic acid 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12397: 12388: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12320: 12317: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12277:Ibotenic acid 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12239: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12221: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12123: 12122: 12119: 12116: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12101:Ibotenic acid 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12053: 12044: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12017:Cyclothiazide 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12002: 12001: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11967:Ibotenic acid 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11947: 11946: 11944: 11939: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11921: 11917: 11914: 11907: 11902: 11900: 11895: 11893: 11888: 11887: 11884: 11872: 11871: 11867: 11865: 11864: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11854: 11850: 11849: 11846: 11840: 11837: 11834: 11831: 11830: 11826: 11822: 11821:Transcrocetin 11819: 11817: 11816:Psychotridine 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11796:Niflumic acid 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11656:Nitrous oxide 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11621:Diethyl ether 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11476:Tenocyclidine 11474: 11472: 11471:Tabernanthine 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11461:Rolicyclidine 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11436:Phencyclidine 11434: 11432: 11431:Phencyclamine 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11366:Methoxetamine 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11326:Levomethadone 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11286:Fluorolintane 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10867:Kaitocephalin 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10771: 10764: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10750: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10703: 10701: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10662: 10660: 10654: 10652: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10602: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10572:Ibotenic acid 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10527: 10521: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10489: 10485: 10484:pentobarbital 10481: 10478: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10423:Kaitocephalin 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10393: 10392: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10368:Cyclothiazide 10366: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10336:Ibotenic acid 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10285: 10279: 10273: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10200: 10196: 10195:pentobarbital 10192: 10189: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10129:Kaitocephalin 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9949:Cyclothiazide 9947: 9945: 9942: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9922:Ibotenic acid 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9887: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9876: 9870: 9866: 9863: 9856: 9851: 9849: 9844: 9842: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9827: 9823: 9820: 9815: 9803: 9802: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9791: 9789: 9788: 9785: 9781: 9780: 9777: 9771: 9768: 9765: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9752:Transcrocetin 9750: 9748: 9747:Psychotridine 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9727:Niflumic acid 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9587:Nitrous oxide 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552:Diethyl ether 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9407:Tenocyclidine 9405: 9403: 9402:Tabernanthine 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9392:Rolicyclidine 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9367:Phencyclidine 9365: 9363: 9362:Phencyclamine 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9297:Methoxetamine 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9257:Levomethadone 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9217:Fluorolintane 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8798:Kaitocephalin 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8711: 8705: 8702: 8695: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8681: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8634: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8593: 8591: 8585: 8583: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8533: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8503:Ibotenic acid 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8458: 8452: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8415:pentobarbital 8412: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8354:Kaitocephalin 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8324: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8299:Cyclothiazide 8297: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8267:Ibotenic acid 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8216: 8210: 8204: 8201: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8126:pentobarbital 8123: 8120: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8060:Kaitocephalin 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8010: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7880:Cyclothiazide 7878: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7853:Ibotenic acid 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7807: 7801: 7797: 7794: 7787: 7782: 7780: 7775: 7773: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7758: 7754: 7749: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7660: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7603:Ras el hanout 7601: 7599: 7598:Quatre épices 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7538:Khmeli suneli 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7484:Garlic powder 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7419:Bouquet garni 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7185:Litsea cubeba 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7160:Juniper berry 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6985: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6963:Celery powder 6961: 6959: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6769: 6768:Lemon verbena 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6675: 6673: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6565: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6551: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6446:Tyrian purple 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278:Types of dyes 6276: 6269: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6129: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6112: 6105: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6051: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5972:Planta Medica 5968: 5965: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5947: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5911: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5889: 5883: 5880:, CRC Press, 5879: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5859: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5845: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5830: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5800: 5796: 5791: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5770: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5752: 5746: 5742: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5707: 5704: 5698: 5694: 5689: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5668: 5662: 5658: 5653: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5546: 5540: 5537:, Routledge, 5536: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5505: 5495: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5470: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5425: 5418: 5417: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5259: 5252: 5247: 5240: 5235: 5229:, p. 99. 5228: 5223: 5217:, p. 70. 5216: 5211: 5205:, p. 63. 5204: 5199: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5156: 5155: 5147: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5106: 5105: 5097: 5090: 5085: 5079:, p. 59. 5078: 5073: 5066: 5061: 5055:, p. 55. 5054: 5049: 5043:, p. 58. 5042: 5037: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5007:, p. 11. 5006: 5005:Fletcher 2005 5001: 4994: 4989: 4982: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4959:, p. 95. 4958: 4953: 4951: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4887: 4880: 4875: 4869:, p. 41. 4868: 4863: 4861: 4853: 4848: 4842:, p. 12. 4841: 4836: 4830:, p. 20. 4829: 4824: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4792: 4788: 4781: 4779: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4725: 4708: 4707: 4699: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4328: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4240: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4207:Drug Research 4203: 4196: 4194: 4185: 4183:0-415-92746-3 4179: 4175: 4171: 4170:Pickersgill B 4165: 4157: 4151: 4143: 4137: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4084: 4077: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3946: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3904: 3898: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3860: 3854: 3838: 3832: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3791: 3787: 3780: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3744: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3716: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3631: 3627: 3620: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3523: 3518: 3511: 3506: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3471: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3427: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3323: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3256: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3196: 3191: 3189: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3156:, p. 35. 3155: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3105: 3100: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3076: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3054: 3049: 3042: 3037: 3023: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2980: 2975: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2940:, p. 23. 2939: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2838:(1): 95–112. 2837: 2833: 2829: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2755: 2750: 2744:, p. 28. 2743: 2738: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2674:, p. 24. 2673: 2668: 2666: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2639: 2632: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2560:, p. 53. 2559: 2554: 2539: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2459: 2455: 2453: 2444: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2397: 2382: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2358: 2353: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2244: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2122: 2117: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2082:haussknechtii 2079: 2075: 2074:Minoan palace 2071: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1949: 1947: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1894:carbohydrates 1885: 1883: 1879: 1878:Curcuma longa 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858:San Gimignano 1855: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1839:bouillabaisse 1835: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1822: 1811: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1515: 1513: 1506: 1499: 1497: 1489: 1482: 1480: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1456: 1449: 1447: 1442:Riboflavin (B 1439: 1432: 1430: 1422: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1278: 1277:Dietary fibre 1274: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1263:Carbohydrates 1258: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1236:Dried saffron 1232: 1222: 1207: 1206:Saffron trade 1197: 1195: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1107:region, near 1106: 1102: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1049:sunset yellow 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 996: 994: 988: 985: 980: 978: 974: 970: 965: 962: 957: 955: 951: 947: 942: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 897: 893: 889: 885: 876: 872: 864: 856: 847: 845: 841: 837: 832: 828: 824: 819: 817: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 760: 756: 752: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 680:, as well as 679: 675: 671: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 631: 627: 623: 615: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 582: 581: 576: 572: 564: 563: 559: 556:Structure of 554: 540: 517: 509: 500: 497: 493: 489: 461: 459: 458: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 414: 403: 401: 397: 379: 374: 370: 366: 362: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 291: 286: 285: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 259: 254: 251: 247: 238: 230: 220: 210: 202: 198: 187: 182: 178: 172: 162: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 129: 125: 121: 116: 114: 110: 106: 102: 101: 94: 52: 44: 37: 32: 28: 24: 19: 18464:Thaati Kallu 18240: 18137: 17793:Sallatë Ruse 17732:Mountain tea 17711: 17662:Chili pepper 17535:Grape leaves 17437:Arab cuisine 17156: 16666:(Shole-zard) 16518:Mast-o-Khiar 16427:Port sausage 16346:Ghalieh mahi 16336:Khoresh kadu 16273:Zereshk polo 16223:Baghali polo 16218:Albaloo polo 16160:Chelow kabab 16099:Aush-e-doogh 16089:Aush reshteh 16062:Beyaz Peynir 15928: 15839:Black pepper 15578:Food writers 15451:Koriantolino 15390:Moschofilero 15297:Spoon sweets 15267:Melomakarona 15222:Kourkoubinia 15162:Amygdalopita 15099: 14877: 14709:Xynomizithra 14516:Kolokythakia 14440:Taramosalata 14389:Stafidopsomo 14312: 14173: 14172: 14127:Promethazine 14112:Perphenazine 14092:Fluphenazine 14067:Clocapramine 14042:Carvotroline 14018: 14008: 13944:Antagonists: 13943: 13903: 13779: 13730:Antagonists: 13729: 13631: 13580: 13503:Clomipramine 13439: 13424: 13417: 13396:Progesterone 13283:Antagonists: 13282: 13246:Pregnenolone 13133:Escitalopram 13053:Cloperastine 13028:Blarcamesine 12984: 12904: 12903: 12861:Antagonists: 12860: 12850: 12830: 12801: 12760:Antagonists: 12759: 12731: 12678:Antagonists: 12677: 12659: 12606:Antagonists: 12605: 12590: 12555: 12508: 12467:Antagonists: 12466: 12460:Talaglumetad 12406: 12372: 12326:Antagonists: 12325: 12315: 12312:Talaglumetad 12248: 12185:Dipraglurant 12180:Basimglurant 12171: 12125:Antagonists: 12124: 12114: 12062: 12004:Antagonists: 12003: 11948: 11868: 11861: 11852: 11851: 11835: 11832: 11824: 11704: 11611:Cyclopropane 11592: 11575: 11553: 11489: 11441:Propoxyphene 11411:Orphenadrine 11316:Ketobemidone 11281:Eticyclidine 11216:Coronaridine 11201:ARL-15896-AR 11117: 11085: 10997:-Cycloserine 10979:Carisoprodol 10935: 10823: 10821:Antagonists: 10820: 10753: 10748: 10731: 10659:-Cycloserine 10600: 10539: 10536: 10480:Barbiturates 10476: 10453:Selurampanel 10408:Dasolampanel 10395:Antagonists: 10394: 10364: 10297: 10294: 10268: 10205:Cyclopropane 10191:Barbiturates 10187: 10159:Selurampanel 10109:Dasolampanel 10081:Antagonists: 10080: 10064:Pramiracetam 9940: 9888: 9885: 9799: 9792: 9783: 9782: 9766: 9763: 9755: 9635: 9542:Cyclopropane 9523: 9506: 9484: 9420: 9372:Propoxyphene 9342:Orphenadrine 9247:Ketobemidone 9212:Eticyclidine 9147:Coronaridine 9132:ARL-15896-AR 9048: 9016: 8928:-Cycloserine 8910:Carisoprodol 8866: 8754: 8752:Antagonists: 8751: 8684: 8679: 8662: 8590:-Cycloserine 8531: 8470: 8467: 8411:Barbiturates 8407: 8384:Selurampanel 8339:Dasolampanel 8326:Antagonists: 8325: 8295: 8228: 8225: 8199: 8136:Cyclopropane 8122:Barbiturates 8118: 8090:Selurampanel 8040:Dasolampanel 8012:Antagonists: 8011: 7995:Pramiracetam 7871: 7819: 7816: 7583:Powder-douce 7573:Panch phoron 7543:Lemon pepper 7479:Garam masala 7469:Fines herbes 7449:Curry powder 7429:Chaat masala 7308: 7287:Sarsaparilla 7281: 7247:Onion powder 7195:Mango-ginger 7061: 7054: 6988:Chili powder 6773: 6763:Lemon myrtle 6720: 6716: 6671: 6670:Vietnamese ( 6620: 6584: 6529:List of dyes 6435: 6401:Dyer's broom 6356:Black walnut 6096:the original 6087: 6081: 6068: 6038: 6013: 6009: 5975: 5971: 5953: 5917: 5895: 5876: 5872: 5856:, Scribner, 5852: 5840: 5817: 5813: 5794: 5776: 5758: 5739: 5714: 5710: 5692: 5674: 5656: 5638: 5606: 5595:, retrieved 5588:the original 5583: 5565:, retrieved 5561:the original 5556: 5534: 5512: 5499:15 September 5497:, retrieved 5474: 5464:11 September 5462:, retrieved 5429: 5423: 5413:Bibliography 5403:Willard 2002 5398: 5391:Willard 2002 5386: 5379:Willard 2002 5374: 5365: 5356: 5348:The Guardian 5347: 5337: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5263:Willard 2002 5258: 5251:Willard 2002 5246: 5239:Willard 2002 5234: 5227:Willard 2002 5222: 5215:Willard 2002 5210: 5203:Willard 2002 5198: 5186:. Retrieved 5182:the original 5172: 5159:. Retrieved 5153: 5146: 5134:. Retrieved 5128: 5121: 5109:. Retrieved 5103: 5096: 5084: 5077:Willard 2002 5072: 5065:Willard 2002 5060: 5053:Willard 2002 5048: 5041:Willard 2002 5036: 5031:, p. 1. 5024: 5019:, p. 6. 5012: 5000: 4988: 4976: 4964: 4939:15 September 4937:. Retrieved 4933:the original 4928: 4924: 4914: 4904:12 September 4902:. Retrieved 4896: 4886: 4879:Willard 2002 4874: 4867:Willard 2002 4852:Willard 2002 4847: 4840:Willard 2002 4835: 4823: 4818:, p. 2. 4816:Willard 2002 4796:13 September 4794:. Retrieved 4790: 4740: 4736: 4711:. Retrieved 4705: 4698: 4686:. Retrieved 4658: 4654: 4644: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4523: 4493:. Retrieved 4465: 4459: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4336: 4332: 4326: 4318: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4259:. Retrieved 4251: 4211: 4205: 4173: 4164: 4150: 4136: 4116: 4109: 4100: 4096: 4083: 4071: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4016:. Retrieved 4012:the original 4007: 4003: 3993: 3981:. Retrieved 3953: 3945: 3933:. Retrieved 3924: 3911: 3897: 3885:. Retrieved 3881:the original 3876: 3867: 3853: 3841:. Retrieved 3831: 3819:. Retrieved 3814: 3805: 3793:. Retrieved 3789: 3779: 3769:22 September 3767:. Retrieved 3755: 3751: 3742: 3734: 3727:Willard 2002 3722: 3715:Willard 2002 3693:. Retrieved 3689:the original 3684: 3674: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3636:15 September 3634:. Retrieved 3629: 3619: 3609:29 September 3607:. Retrieved 3593: 3581:. Retrieved 3577: 3567: 3555:. Retrieved 3550: 3541: 3534:Willard 2002 3529: 3517: 3505: 3479: 3475: 3469: 3461: 3435: 3431: 3425: 3417: 3405: 3338: 3334: 3316:, p. 1. 3271: 3267: 3263: 3221: 3217: 3197:, p. 4. 3177:11 September 3175:. Retrieved 3171: 3161: 3149: 3137: 3125:. Retrieved 3121: 3111: 3106:, p. 8. 3099: 3094:, p. 4. 3092:Willard 2002 3087: 3080:Willard 2002 3075: 3070:, p. 3. 3048: 3043:, p. 2. 3036: 3025:, retrieved 3011: 3001: 2994:Willard 2002 2974: 2969:, p. 3. 2967:Willard 2002 2962: 2957:, p. 1. 2894:. Retrieved 2866: 2860: 2835: 2831: 2779: 2749: 2737: 2732:, p. 1. 2708:. Retrieved 2699:(6): 65–69. 2696: 2692: 2679: 2637: 2631: 2619:. Retrieved 2605: 2593:. Retrieved 2580: 2553: 2541:. Retrieved 2509: 2505: 2483:, p. 6. 2461:. Retrieved 2457: 2451: 2443: 2416:. Retrieved 2409: 2400: 2362:Saffron farm 2350:Saffron farm 2319: 2316:The Americas 2303: 2296: 2291: 2268: 2249: 2232:mithridatium 2226:in Lebanon. 2204: 2193: 2171: 2169: 2149: 2147: 2126: 2123:, Singapore. 2085: 2081: 2077: 2070:Ashurbanipal 2067: 2056: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2036: 2034: 2023: 2015: 2013: 1982:risk factors 1963: 1955: 1923: 1891: 1877: 1865: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1798: 1792: 1781: 1739: 1734: 1583: 1578: 1571: 1405: 1400: 1393: 1359: 1295: 1261: 1209: 1190: 1171: 1152: 1119: 1117: 1100: 1098: 1085: 1053: 1008: 1005:adulteration 1002: 999:Adulteration 989: 981: 966: 958: 953: 949: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 891: 886:, Spain and 880: 820: 745: 717:monoglycosyl 701:gentiobiosyl 690: 644: 628:-gentiobiose 518: 514: 491: 490: 462: 455: 431: 430: 411: 409: 360: 330: 321: 317: 307: 288: 282: 256: 245: 243: 200: 196: 180: 174: 117: 98: 50: 49: 35: 27: 18: 18568:Arab spices 18479:Indian wine 18356:Nilgiri tea 18351:Masala chai 18331:Berinag tea 18016:Baked goods 17819:Pandispanjë 17606:Pomegranate 17520:Bell pepper 17496:Ingredients 17397: [ 17304: [ 17292: [ 17264: [ 17211: [ 17135:Ingredients 17101: [ 17089: [ 17077: [ 17050: [ 17035:Lamb tajine 17030:Fish tajine 17006: [ 17003:Djaja taret 16994: [ 16828:Azerbaijani 16745:Instruments 16675:Sohan asali 16472:Delal sauce 16316:Khoresh Beh 16253:Shirin polo 16243:Morasa polo 16238:Loobia polo 16195:Kabab torsh 16165:Jujeh kabab 16031:Salad Shoor 15793:Pomegranate 15763:Bell pepper 15744:Ingredients 15618:Avgotaracho 15573:Greek chefs 15547:Kykladitiki 15335:Agiorgitiko 15242:Loukoumades 15232:Kourabiedes 15227:Koulourakia 15187:Fanouropita 15121:Spanakorizo 15100:alla Polita 15078:Strapatsada 15014:Lentil soup 14775:Kontosouvli 14694:San Michali 14561:Spanakopita 14506:Kalitsounia 14445:Tirokafteri 14430:Pasta elias 14420:Greek salad 14251:Ingredients 14162:Venlafaxine 14142:Remoxipride 14132:Propranolol 14057:Cinnarizine 13957:Lamotrigine 13853:Pentazocine 13848:Noribogaine 13838:Nemonapride 13670:Haloperidol 13596:Spipethiane 13561:Noribogaine 13556:Nemonapride 13551:KCR-12-83.1 13391:Pentazocine 13351:Haloperidol 13256:Pridopidine 13231:Pentazocine 13148:Fluvoxamine 13068:Cyclazocine 12587:VU-0155,041 12512:Decoglurant 12376:Decoglurant 12210:Raseglurant 12158:Remeglurant 12143:Mavoglurant 12007:BAY 36-7620 11801:Pentamidine 11786:Minocycline 11766:Hodgkinsine 11736:Dexanabinol 11666:Sevoflurane 11520:Isoxsuprine 11515:Haloperidol 11495:Besonprodil 11456:Rimantadine 11406:Norketamine 11401:Noribogaine 11376:Milnacipran 11341:Levorphanol 11291:Gacyclidine 11261:Dizocilpine 11256:Diphenidine 11246:Dextrorphan 11166:Alaproclate 11109:Huperzine A 11062:Meprobamate 11022:Harkoseride 10917:Perzinfotel 10794:Plazinemdor 10341:Kainic acid 10326:Domoic acid 10272:Minocycline 10260:Sevoflurane 9937:Willardiine 9912:Domoic acid 9732:Pentamidine 9717:Minocycline 9697:Hodgkinsine 9667:Dexanabinol 9597:Sevoflurane 9451:Isoxsuprine 9446:Haloperidol 9426:Besonprodil 9387:Rimantadine 9337:Norketamine 9332:Noribogaine 9307:Milnacipran 9272:Levorphanol 9222:Gacyclidine 9192:Dizocilpine 9187:Diphenidine 9177:Dextrorphan 9097:Alaproclate 9040:Huperzine A 8993:Meprobamate 8953:Harkoseride 8848:Perzinfotel 8725:Plazinemdor 8272:Kainic acid 8257:Domoic acid 8203:Minocycline 8191:Sevoflurane 7868:Willardiine 7843:Domoic acid 7682:Bangladeshi 7613:Sharena sol 7608:Recado rojo 7593:Qâlat daqqa 7553:Mixed spice 7489:Garlic salt 7454:Doubanjiang 7190:Long pepper 7150:Horseradish 6968:Celery seed 6841:Sanshō leaf 6758:Lemon grass 6310:Substantive 6228:Rōketsuzome 6221:Ring dyeing 5475:De Medicina 5089:Celsus 1989 4993:Hanelt 2001 4981:Finlay 2003 4386:: 348–359. 3887:23 February 3695:16 November 3398:Leffingwell 3274:: 251–256. 3027:22 February 2418:21 November 2299:Gribshunden 2292:Safranschou 2280:Saffron War 2275:medicaments 2271:Black Death 2156:Yan Emperor 2084:now called 1910:Daily Value 1805:Consumption 1425:Thiamine (B 1167:Afghanistan 1017:pomegranate 1009:Safranschou 751:picrocrocin 746:The bitter 733:hydrophobic 713:hydrophilic 667:carotenoids 609:gentiobiose 558:picrocrocin 406:Cultivation 373:aestivating 314:chromosomes 303:Mesopotamia 224:Description 131:picrocrocin 18542:Categories 18346:Kangra tea 18257:Nimbu pani 18216:Irani café 18181:Buttermilk 18161:Badam milk 17899:Shëndetlie 17895:Sheqerpare 17781:Cold meals 17687:Peppermint 17631:Strawberry 17581:Blackberry 17503:Vegetables 17394:Tasabounte 17328:Kaab Ghzal 17114:Brochettes 17064:Shakshouka 16711:Aragh sagi 16695:Yazdi cake 16659:Shekarbura 16584:Gosh-e Fil 16392:Kale pache 16248:Sabzi polo 16228:Kalam polo 16190:Kabab mahi 16180:Kabab barg 15924:Red pepper 15751:Vegetables 15628:Greek wine 15537:Macedonian 15380:Malagousia 15375:Mandilaria 15370:Mavrodafni 15317:Vasilopita 15307:Tahinopita 15282:Pastafrola 15217:Karydopita 15207:Galatopita 15177:Copenhagen 15157:Amygdalota 15136:Tsigaridia 15098:Anginares 15039:Psarosoupa 15009:Hortosoupa 14994:Avgolemono 14929:Bakaliaros 14909:Striftaria 14904:Kritharaki 14899:Makarounes 14815:Papoutsaki 14810:Pastitsada 14780:Kreatopita 14760:Kokkinisto 14755:Keftedakia 14639:Kefalotyri 14609:Anthotyros 14551:Pitaroudia 14481:Bouyiourdi 14476:Bakaliaros 14471:Antzougies 14147:SL 82.0715 14062:Cinuperone 14037:Caramiphen 14032:Butaclamol 13932:Tapentadol 13863:Safinamide 13843:Nepinalone 13808:Clemastine 13803:5-MeO-DiPT 13798:5-MeO-DALT 13675:Ifenprodil 13640:Arketamine 13591:Selegiline 13586:Safinamide 13546:Imipramine 13508:Clorgiline 13498:Clemastine 13488:Azidopamil 13478:5-MeO-DiPT 13473:5-MeO-DALT 13406:Sertraline 13206:Nepinalone 13153:Ifenprodil 13143:Fluoxetine 13108:Dimemorfan 13077:prasterone 13038:Citalopram 13033:Captodiame 13013:Arketamine 13008:Amantadine 12966:modulators 12854:AZ12216052 12594:Foliglurax 12582:VU-001,171 12495:LY-341,495 12490:LY-307,452 12445:LY-487,379 12435:LY-379,268 12354:LY-341,495 12349:LY-307,452 12297:LY-566,332 12292:LY-487,379 12282:LY-379,268 12138:LY-344,545 12118:LSN2463359 12027:LY-456,236 12022:LY-367,385 11916:modulators 11839:AGN-241751 11811:Piretanide 11761:Furosemide 11746:Flupirtine 11723:Conantokin 11718:Caroverine 11713:Bumetanide 11646:Isoflurane 11616:Desflurane 11606:Chloroform 11545:Safaprodil 11540:Ro 25-6981 11481:Tiletamine 11466:Sabeluzole 11446:Remacemide 11391:Neramexane 11361:Methorphan 11346:Loperamide 11321:Lanicemine 11306:Indantadol 11271:Esketamine 11266:Ephenidine 11226:Dexoxadrol 11191:Arketamine 11176:Amantadine 11136:3-MeO-PCMo 11114:Putrescine 11057:MDL-105519 11032:Kynurenine 11012:Gavestinel 10927:SDZ-220581 10887:MDL-100453 10770:prasterone 10740:Spermidine 10713:Milacemide 10618:ACC (ACPC) 10504:Evans blue 10468:Topiramate 10458:Tezampanel 10388:Isoflurane 10265:Talampanel 10250:Perampanel 10245:Isoflurane 10230:GYKI-53655 10225:GYKI-52466 10220:Evans blue 10184:Zonampanel 10174:Topiramate 10164:Tezampanel 10139:Kynurenine 10099:Caroverine 10094:Becampanel 10044:Oxiracetam 9944:Aniracetam 9865:modulators 9822:modulators 9770:AGN-241751 9742:Piretanide 9692:Furosemide 9677:Flupirtine 9654:Conantokin 9649:Caroverine 9644:Bumetanide 9577:Isoflurane 9547:Desflurane 9537:Chloroform 9476:Safaprodil 9471:Ro 25-6981 9412:Tiletamine 9397:Sabeluzole 9377:Remacemide 9322:Neramexane 9292:Methorphan 9277:Loperamide 9252:Lanicemine 9237:Indantadol 9202:Esketamine 9197:Ephenidine 9157:Dexoxadrol 9122:Arketamine 9107:Amantadine 9067:3-MeO-PCMo 9045:Putrescine 8988:MDL-105519 8963:Kynurenine 8943:Gavestinel 8858:SDZ-220581 8818:MDL-100453 8701:prasterone 8671:Spermidine 8644:Milacemide 8549:ACC (ACPC) 8435:Evans blue 8399:Topiramate 8389:Tezampanel 8319:Isoflurane 8196:Talampanel 8181:Perampanel 8176:Isoflurane 8161:GYKI-53655 8156:GYKI-52466 8151:Evans blue 8115:Zonampanel 8105:Topiramate 8095:Tezampanel 8070:Kynurenine 8030:Caroverine 8025:Becampanel 7975:Oxiracetam 7875:Aniracetam 7796:modulators 7720:Marination 7715:Herbal tea 7677:Australian 7673:By region 7648:Yuzu koshō 7638:Thuna paha 7578:Persillade 7331:Tonka bean 7267:Poppy seed 7175:Dried lime 7098:Fingerroot 7013:New Mexico 6921:Asafoetida 6753:Lemon balm 6711:Hoja santa 6691:Curry leaf 6486:Craft dyes 6247:Tsutsugaki 6154:Techniques 5597:10 January 5567:10 January 5188:3 February 5017:Hayes 2001 4969:Dalby 2003 4957:Dalby 2002 4547:cytotypes" 4485:1140113593 4076:Dalby 2002 3790:IndiaSpend 3758:(2): 778. 3741:"Saffron ( 3468:"Saffron ( 3379:McGee 2004 3127:22 January 3104:Negbi 1999 2979:Negbi 1999 2886:1140113593 2742:Negbi 1999 2543:12 January 2463:1 December 2450:"Saffron ( 2436:McGee 2004 2392:References 2218:cities as 2111:South Asia 1902:tablespoon 1850:Golden Ham 1658:Phosphorus 1076:geniposide 1060:flavonoids 1045:Tartrazine 1037:horse hair 977:absorbance 818:safranal. 801:zeaxanthin 737:esterified 725:conjugated 670:zeaxanthin 503:Harvesting 496:calcareous 416:. It is a 365:bracteoles 337:cataphylls 301:, Greece, 177:Old French 139:carotenoid 18439:Palm wine 18409:Desi daru 18365:Alcoholic 18326:Assam tea 18278:Shikanjvi 18221:Jal-jeera 18206:Gola barf 18171:Bela Pana 18151:Aam panna 18064:Arbëreshë 17992:Tavë kosi 17988:Tavë Dheu 17985:Shpargull 17917:Hot meals 17839:Ballokume 17737:Black tea 17672:Coriander 17636:Raspberry 17596:Nectarine 17510:Artichoke 17352:Beverages 17236:Flatbread 17167:Coriander 17142:Chermoula 16855:Levantine 16818:Caucasian 16767:Taveh/Sac 16704:Beverages 16664:Sholezard 16624:Nokhodchi 16599:Koloocheh 16447:Tas kebab 15919:Pistachio 15813:Tarkhineh 15798:Split pea 15674:Alonnisou 15552:Rhoditiki 15520:Varieties 15501:Tsikoudia 15476:Sideritis 15425:Xinomavro 15410:Savatiano 15355:Kotsifali 15345:Assyrtiko 15302:Tiganites 15257:Mandolato 15252:Melekouni 15237:Lazarakia 15131:Tsigareli 15106:Fasolakia 15094:Vegetable 15088:Froutalia 15064:Omelettes 15053:Revithada 15024:Magiritsa 15019:Kotosoupa 14889:Hilopites 14840:Spetzofai 14825:Sheftalia 14805:Pastitsio 14770:Kokoretsi 14745:Giouvetsi 14679:Metsovela 14674:Metsovone 14541:Noumboulo 14531:Loukaniko 14501:Kalamaria 14435:Skordalia 14354:Eliopsomo 14293:Olive oil 14174:See also: 14152:SR-31747A 14137:Quinidine 14122:Proadifen 14107:Molindone 14082:Hypericin 14077:EMD-59983 14027:BMY-13980 14012:SKF-83959 13927:Naluzotan 13907:Berberine 13904:Agonists: 13858:RS-67,333 13793:4-MeO-PCP 13788:3-MeO-PCE 13703:Opipramol 13698:OPC-14523 13632:Agonists: 13571:RS-67,333 13516:-Deprenyl 13468:4-MeO-PCP 13448:3-MeO-PCP 13433:SOMCL-668 13425:Positive: 13421:Phenytoin 13411:SR-31742A 13386:PD-144418 13376:NPC-16377 13226:Opipramol 13221:OPC-14523 13216:Noscapine 13186:Memantine 13128:Eliprodil 13123:Donepezil 12998:5-MeO-DMT 12985:Agonists: 12905:See also: 12839:Glutamate 12831:Agonists: 12753:LSP2-9166 12740:Glutamate 12732:Agonists: 12663:Glutamate 12660:Agonists: 12572:LSP2-9166 12559:Glutamate 12556:Agonists: 12531:Group III 12517:RO4491533 12425:Glutamate 12420:Eglumegad 12407:Agonists: 12381:RO4491533 12272:Glutamate 12267:Eglumegad 12249:Agonists: 12096:Glutamate 12071:ADX-47273 12063:Agonists: 11987:Ro67-7476 11982:Ro67-4853 11977:Ro01-6128 11962:Glutamate 11949:Agonists: 11853:See also: 11833:Unsorted: 11776:MDL-27266 11756:FR-115427 11751:FPL-12495 11708:ARR-15896 11636:Halothane 11626:Enflurane 11584:Magnesium 11535:Ro 8-4304 11510:Eliprodil 11421:PD-137889 11381:Morphanol 11356:Methadone 11351:Memantine 11301:Ibogamine 11276:Etoxadrol 11206:ARL-16247 11196:ARL-12495 11181:Aptiganel 11146:4-MeO-PCP 11141:3-MeO-PCP 11131:3-MeO-PCE 11094:Co 101676 11067:MRZ 2/576 11017:GV-196771 11007:Felbamate 10984:CGP-39653 10964:ACEA-1328 10959:ACEA-1011 10902:NPC-17742 10897:NPC-12626 10882:LY-274614 10877:LY-235959 10872:LY-233053 10857:CGS-19755 10852:CGP-40116 10847:CGP-39653 10842:CGP-39551 10837:CGP-37849 10827:AP5 (APV) 10728:Sarcosine 10604:β-Fluoro- 10553:Glutamate 10548:Aspartate 10537:Agonists: 10494:Enflurane 10438:LY-382884 10398:ACEA-1011 10383:Halothane 10378:Enflurane 10373:Diazoxide 10346:LY-339434 10331:Glutamate 10295:Agonists: 10240:Irampanel 10235:Halothane 10210:Enflurane 10084:ACEA-1011 10059:Piracetam 10039:ORG-26576 10034:Nooglutyl 10024:LY-503430 10019:LY-451646 10014:LY-404187 10009:LY-395153 10004:LY-392098 9989:Diazoxide 9917:Glutamate 9886:Agonists: 9784:See also: 9764:Unsorted: 9707:MDL-27266 9687:FR-115427 9682:FPL-12495 9639:ARR-15896 9567:Halothane 9557:Enflurane 9515:Magnesium 9466:Ro 8-4304 9441:Eliprodil 9352:PD-137889 9312:Morphanol 9287:Methadone 9282:Memantine 9232:Ibogamine 9207:Etoxadrol 9137:ARL-16247 9127:ARL-12495 9112:Aptiganel 9077:4-MeO-PCP 9072:3-MeO-PCP 9062:3-MeO-PCE 9025:Co 101676 8998:MRZ 2/576 8948:GV-196771 8938:Felbamate 8915:CGP-39653 8895:ACEA-1328 8890:ACEA-1011 8833:NPC-17742 8828:NPC-12626 8813:LY-274614 8808:LY-235959 8803:LY-233053 8788:CGS-19755 8783:CGP-40116 8778:CGP-39653 8773:CGP-39551 8768:CGP-37849 8758:AP5 (APV) 8659:Sarcosine 8535:β-Fluoro- 8484:Glutamate 8479:Aspartate 8468:Agonists: 8425:Enflurane 8369:LY-382884 8329:ACEA-1011 8314:Halothane 8309:Enflurane 8304:Diazoxide 8277:LY-339434 8262:Glutamate 8226:Agonists: 8171:Irampanel 8166:Halothane 8141:Enflurane 8015:ACEA-1011 7990:Piracetam 7970:ORG-26576 7965:Nooglutyl 7955:LY-503430 7950:LY-451646 7945:LY-404187 7940:LY-395153 7935:LY-392098 7920:Diazoxide 7848:Glutamate 7817:Agonists: 7730:Spice rub 7725:Seasoning 7692:Pakistani 7523:Idli podi 7494:Gochujang 7444:Crab boil 7361:Yuzu zest 7292:Sassafras 7180:Liquorice 7086:Fenugreek 7023:Cultivars 6517:Reference 6371:Cochineal 6361:Bloodroot 6330:Discharge 6187:Kalamkari 6065:"Saffron" 5900:Time-Life 5873:Saffron: 5837:"Saffron" 5814:Saffron ( 5311:1932-6203 4661:: 14–20. 4628:1055-7903 4573:1469-8137 4505:cite book 4361:210119504 4302:0029-6643 3660:: 30–37. 3583:1 January 3557:1 January 3551:Firstpost 3522:Hill 2004 3498:1749-0472 3454:1749-0472 3288:0308-8146 3238:2041-2649 3142:Hill 2004 2906:cite book 2611:"Saffron" 2595:7 January 2573:Hill 2004 2518:2349-8234 2406:"saffron" 2288:Nuremberg 2216:Levantine 2211:Cleopatra 2144:East Asia 2134:jackfruit 2064:West Asia 1984:, and in 1906:manganese 1888:Nutrition 1862:safflower 1671:Potassium 1645:Manganese 1632:Magnesium 1551:Vitamin D 1538:Vitamin D 1525:Vitamin C 1509:Vitamin B 1492:Folate (B 1476:Vitamin B 1459:Niacin (B 1415:Vitamin A 1311:Saturated 1041:corn silk 1033:Safflower 995:tasters. 844:oxidising 809:glycoside 805:oxidative 748:glucoside 695:is trans- 686:glycoside 678:carotenes 655:aldehydes 448:Nematodes 440:chaparral 250:flowering 165:Etymology 141:pigment, 122:-like or 113:seasoning 18283:Solkadhi 18267:Moosambi 18079:Epirotic 17968:Mashurka 17941:Hithenik 17908:Tullumba 17903:Sultjash 17877:Kompekaj 17834:Bakllava 17692:Rosemary 17677:Lavender 17667:Cinnamon 17641:Mulberry 17525:Eggplant 17333:Makroudh 17318:Chebakia 17313:Bourekas 17289:Bechkito 17261:Merdouma 17256:Medfouna 17147:Matbucha 17074:Ourkimen 16960:Dishes ( 16840:Assyrian 16833:Georgian 16823:Armenian 16792:Iranian 16649:Qurabiya 16629:Masghati 16609:Lavashak 16604:Kolompeh 16574:Faloodeh 16422:Omelette 16326:Fesenjān 16200:Shashlik 16078:Abgoosht 15874:Hazelnut 15854:Cinnamon 15849:Chestnut 15834:Barberry 15783:Eggplant 15773:Chickpea 15666:Kallonis 15663:Sardeles 15561:See also 15542:Epirotic 15496:Tsipouro 15471:Rakomelo 15395:Moschato 15385:Malvasia 15287:Platseda 15272:Melopita 15262:Melitini 15247:Loukoumi 15172:Bougatsa 15150:Desserts 15083:Tsouchtí 15073:Sfougato 15058:Trahanas 15029:Manestra 15004:Fasolada 14969:Sardeles 14939:Brantada 14934:Bourdeto 14924:Atherina 14914:Trahanas 14894:Flomaria 14878:Zimariká 14860:Souvlaki 14800:Pansetta 14795:Paidakia 14790:Moussaka 14785:Kotopita 14765:Kleftiko 14735:Britzola 14704:Xynotyro 14699:Talagani 14684:Mizithra 14629:Halloumi 14624:Graviera 14619:Formaela 14581:Tyropita 14571:Saganaki 14450:Tzatziki 14394:Tsoureki 14379:Paximadi 14369:Koulouri 14364:Kritsini 14359:Eptazymo 14318:Semolina 14273:Eggplant 14117:Pimozide 14072:Dezocine 13962:Naloxone 13922:Metaphit 13917:Fourphit 13897:Unsorted 13833:Ibogaine 13773:SAS-0132 13723:UKH-1114 13680:Ketamine 13665:DKR-1051 13660:DKR-1005 13541:Ibogaine 13173:L-687384 13168:Ketamine 12889:UBP-1112 12805:ADX71743 12793:UBP-1112 12706:UBP-1112 12634:UBP-1112 12505:MGS-0039 12450:MGS-0028 12364:MGS-0039 12302:MGS-0028 12224:Group II 12168:SIB-1893 12163:SIB-1757 12153:NPS-2390 12037:NPS-2390 11997:Theanine 11781:Metaphit 11691:Urethane 11579:Hydrogen 11576:Cations: 11486:Tramadol 11311:Ketamine 11296:Ibogaine 11211:Budipine 11126:3-HO-PCP 11052:LU-73068 11042:L-701324 11037:L-689560 10944:5,7-DCKA 10932:Selfotel 10814:SAGE-718 10809:SAGE-301 10804:SAGE-201 10745:Spermine 10735:Neomycin 10700:-Alanine 10692:L-687414 10651:-Alanine 10608:-alanine 10597:Theanine 10463:Theanine 10361:SYM-2081 10169:Theanine 9712:Metaphit 9622:Urethane 9510:Hydrogen 9507:Cations: 9417:Tramadol 9242:Ketamine 9227:Ibogaine 9142:Budipine 9057:3-HO-PCP 8983:LU-73068 8973:L-701324 8968:L-689560 8875:5,7-DCKA 8863:Selfotel 8745:SAGE-718 8740:SAGE-301 8735:SAGE-201 8676:Spermine 8666:Neomycin 8631:-Alanine 8623:L-687414 8582:-Alanine 8539:-alanine 8528:Theanine 8394:Theanine 8292:SYM-2081 8100:Theanine 7669:Culinary 7643:Vadouvan 7618:Shichimi 7516:Húng lìu 7336:Turmeric 7321:Tamarind 7170:Korarima 7103:Galangal 7071:Deulkkae 7030:Cinnamon 7008:Jalapeño 6998:Chipotle 6946:Cardamom 6899:Allspice 6866:Woodruff 6856:Tarragon 6821:Rosemary 6786:Marjoram 6748:Lavender 6743:Kkaennip 6681:Culantro 6665:Bolivian 6614:Bay leaf 6586:Angelica 6441:Turmeric 6386:Dyewoods 6366:Brazilin 6325:Disperse 6300:Reactive 6194:Katazome 6030:97327822 6002:18622904 5946:19772674 5850:(2004), 5731:89990377 5631:32711986 5623:15259204 5533:(2003), 5510:(2002), 5458:archived 5454:40798771 5446:11788779 5366:BBC News 5329:36701280 5281:PLOS ONE 4898:BBC News 4769:35283878 4683:30946897 4636:23123733 4581:30690735 4495:28 March 4489:Archived 4443:29633089 4408:54482370 4400:30502528 4353:32221179 4310:31135916 4230:24848002 4063:40880131 3977:Archived 3973:30844154 3935:28 March 3929:Archived 3919:(2024). 3843:23 April 3795:11 March 3760:Archived 3632:. London 3630:BBC News 3363:23836415 3355:29134501 3296:25842335 3246:28369196 3195:Deo 2003 3172:BBC News 3154:Rau 1969 3068:Deo 2003 3041:Deo 2003 2955:Deo 2003 2896:28 March 2890:Archived 2852:44054590 2810:28214061 2656:19588893 2558:Rau 1969 2308:town of 2256:conditum 2252:jusselle 2205:In late 2195:hetaerae 2160:Shennong 2130:turmeric 2100:Khorasan 2022:form of 2020:triploid 2008:Akrotiri 1974:safranal 1970:crocetin 1960:Research 1946:platelet 1920:Toxicity 1874:turmeric 1795:E number 1740:Quantity 1684:Selenium 1579:Quantity 1573:Minerals 1401:Quantity 1395:Vitamins 1109:L'Aquila 1064:crocines 1056:gardenia 1025:turmeric 1013:beetroot 928:standard 875:Kashmiri 831:volatile 816:aldehyde 797:safranal 793:aldehyde 731:that is 727:polyene 699:di-(β-D- 697:crocetin 684:and its 682:crocetin 674:lycopene 659:safranal 605:crocetin 418:triploid 371:. After 369:pedicels 310:triploid 279:Cyclades 201:zarparān 197:za'farān 186:safranum 151:Assyrian 135:safranal 120:iodoform 18548:Saffron 18382:Bangla 18298:Thandai 18273:Sharbat 18236:Kanjika 18201:Falooda 18084:Kosovan 18036:Pastiçe 18033:Petulla 18027:Krelanë 17997:Trahana 17982:Resenik 17955:Kukurec 17950:Kavurme 17937:Fërgesë 17883:Mualebi 17880:Mafishe 17852:Hashure 17843:Gurabie 17798:Tarator 17712:Saffron 17707:Vanilla 17682:Oregano 17576:Avocado 17338:Mesfouf 17323:Briouat 17273:Qrashel 17231:Beghrir 17208:Tadeffi 17203:Bessara 17182:Almonds 17157:Saffron 17121:Boulfaf 17020:Mechoui 16986:Kesksou 16981:Dchicha 16976:Bestila 16971:Ahriche 16874:Ottoman 16870:Turkish 16850:Kurdish 16813:Balochi 16796:Caspian 16772:Samovar 16726:Sharbat 16690:Zoolbia 16639:Poolaki 16634:Pashmak 16614:Murabba 16594:Sarshir 16564:Berenji 16559:Bastani 16554:Bamiyeh 16544:Baklava 16477:Mahyawa 16442:Tarhana 16432:Reshteh 16402:Nargesi 16397:Kashkak 16283:Khoresh 16268:Tahchin 16114:Bozbash 16045:Cheeses 15999:Shirmal 15959:Dushabi 15954:Barbari 15929:Saffron 15914:Parsley 15909:Paprika 15904:Oregano 15803:Spinach 15768:Cabbage 15598:Taverna 15583:Kafenio 15506:Zivania 15491:Tentura 15486:Soumada 15456:Mastika 15446:Kumquat 15420:Visanto 15400:Retsina 15360:Lesbian 15312:Trigona 15292:Pasteli 15197:Flaouna 15192:Finikia 15167:Baklava 15126:Tourlou 15111:Gemista 15047:Grivadi 15043:Kakavia 14984:Xiphias 14964:Mussels 14949:Grivadi 14944:Garides 14876:Pasta ( 14865:Tigania 14850:Sofrito 14845:Stifado 14730:Bifteki 14669:Mastelo 14664:Manouri 14634:Kasseri 14604:Anevato 14596:Cheeses 14576:Syglino 14546:Octopus 14526:Lakerda 14349:Daktyla 14333:Walnuts 14313:Saffron 14303:Oregano 14225:History 13987:UMB-116 13982:UMB-103 13977:UMB-101 13972:UMB-100 13763:MIN-101 13753:CT-1812 13743:BD-1067 13738:BD-1008 13645:BD-1047 13581:Saffron 13566:RHL-033 13336:Dup-734 13321:BD-1067 13316:BD-1063 13311:BD-1060 13306:BD-1047 13301:BD-1031 13296:BD-1008 13241:PRE-084 13058:Cocaine 13023:BD-1052 12195:GRN-529 12190:Fenobam 12175:AZD9272 12111:VU-1545 12012:CPCCOEt 11924:Group I 11825:saffron 11671:Toluene 11661:Octanol 11641:Hexanol 11596:Benzene 11572:TCN-213 11567:TCN-201 11562:MPX-007 11557:MPX-004 11151:8A-PDHQ 11089:Arcaine 11082:ZD-9379 10779:sulfate 10708:-Serine 10682:Glycine 10667:-Serine 10582:Proline 10509:NS-3763 10482:(e.g., 10473:UBP-302 10351:Proline 10193:(e.g., 10069:S-18986 9999:IDRA-21 9984:CX-1942 9979:CX-1739 9927:Proline 9756:saffron 9602:Toluene 9592:Octanol 9572:Hexanol 9527:Benzene 9503:TCN-213 9498:TCN-201 9493:MPX-007 9488:MPX-004 9082:8A-PDHQ 9020:Arcaine 9013:ZD-9379 8710:sulfate 8639:-Serine 8613:Glycine 8598:-Serine 8513:Proline 8440:NS-3763 8413:(e.g., 8404:UBP-302 8282:Proline 8124:(e.g., 8000:S-18986 7930:IDRA-21 7915:CX-1942 7910:CX-1739 7858:Proline 7653:Za'atar 7548:Mitmita 7499:Harissa 7414:Berbere 7404:Baharat 7371:Zereshk 7366:Zedoary 7346:Vanilla 7309:huājiāo 7282:Saffron 7272:Radhuni 7252:Paprika 7237:Njangsa 7232:Nigella 7210:Mustard 7108:greater 7018:Tabasco 6993:Cayenne 6973:Charoli 6941:Caraway 6936:Camphor 6904:Amchoor 6816:Perilla 6811:Parsley 6806:Oregano 6801:Mitsuba 6796:Mugwort 6721:giấp cá 6701:Epazote 6672:rau răm 6638:Chervil 6503:Procion 6498:Inkodye 6465:History 6436:Saffron 6421:Logwood 6396:Gamboge 6376:Cudbear 6335:Pigment 6305:Solvent 6290:Natural 6240:Tie-dye 6235:Shibori 6206:Mordant 6201:Leheria 5993:3947403 5937:2758891 5902:Books, 5848:McGee H 5531:Dalby A 5508:Dalby A 5320:9879437 5289:Bibcode 4925:Vitasta 4760:8913524 4713:6 April 4688:6 April 4663:Bibcode 4608:Bibcode 4451:4759438 4261:9 March 4256:wikiHow 4055:4254486 4018:27 July 3983:21 June 3821:27 July 3012:Saffron 2710:6 April 2374:Saffron 2337:Gallery 2264:Avignon 2182:Cilicia 2178:Minoans 2138:Gamboge 2096:Isfahan 2092:Derbent 2030:Eurasia 1992:History 1952:Storage 1939:⁄ 1929:⁄ 1898:protein 1870:annatto 1845:biryani 1827:risotto 1821:khoresh 1717:0.02 mg 1626:0.23 mg 1613:0.01 mg 1593:Calcium 1486:0.02 mg 1470:0.03 mg 1453:0.01 mg 1361:Protein 1216:⁄ 1186:Morocco 1105:Abruzzo 1029:paprika 946:Kashmir 908:pushali 896:Persian 888:Kashmir 827:glucose 813:terpene 811:of the 721:polyene 651:ketones 534:⁄ 524:⁄ 483:⁄ 469:⁄ 450:, leaf 444:Kashmir 422:meiosis 389:⁄ 354:⁄ 344:⁄ 295:Eurasia 213:Species 51:Saffron 18593:Spices 18553:Crocus 18469:Tharra 18444:Pendhā 18424:Hariya 18419:Handia 18399:Cholai 18377:Arrack 18262:Mattha 18156:Aamras 18069:Balkan 18040:Pogaçe 18007:Turshi 17964:Mantie 17960:Lakror 17927:Çomlek 17923:Burani 17890:Revani 17886:Pistil 17868:Kadaif 17863:Kabuni 17859:Hoshaf 17856:Hasude 17847:Hallvë 17814:Kanojë 17807:Sweets 17788:Japrak 17752:Dhallë 17742:Coffee 17725:Drinks 17601:Cherry 17591:Orange 17559:Fruits 17550:Tomato 17545:Pepper 17530:Garlic 17369:Coffee 17301:Bejmat 17246:Harcha 17241:Msemen 17224:Breads 17198:Harira 17162:Nutmeg 17152:Msiyar 17098:Tahlia 17069:Skhina 17047:Qamama 17025:Tajine 16991:Dafina 16808:Afghan 16777:Tanoor 16762:Oklava 16757:Mangal 16680:Sorbet 16654:Samanu 16644:Qottab 16569:Cookie 16528:Torshi 16465:Sauces 16452:Yakhni 16437:Samosa 16417:Ashpal 16263:Tahdig 16144:Dishes 16135:Sirabi 16125:Haleem 16119:Chorba 16036:Yogurt 16013:Salads 16004:Taftan 15994:Sangak 15984:Lavash 15964:Ghandi 15934:Walnut 15869:Golpar 15864:Garlic 15844:Balgur 15829:Advieh 15808:Tomato 15788:Lentil 15778:Cowpea 15593:Ouzeri 15532:Cretan 15461:Metaxa 15441:Kitron 15434:Drinks 15415:Vilana 15405:Robola 15365:Limnio 15350:Athiri 15340:Aidini 15182:Diples 14974:Savoro 14959:Gavroi 14954:Glossa 14884:Gogges 14855:Souvla 14835:Snails 14719:Dishes 14566:Salami 14536:Loutza 14374:Lagana 14342:Breads 14323:Tomato 14308:Raisin 14298:Olives 14288:Mastic 14278:Garlic 14002:YZ-185 13997:YZ-069 13992:YZ-011 13883:UMB-82 13878:UMB-23 13758:LR-172 13748:CM-156 13733:AC-927 13650:BD1063 13611:YKP10A 13576:RTI-55 13463:4-IPBS 13453:4C-T-2 13371:NE-100 13366:MS-377 13361:LR-172 13356:LR-132 13341:E-5842 13331:CM-156 13291:AC-927 13276:UMB-82 13271:UMB-23 13018:BD-737 12993:4-PPBP 12798:XAP044 12735:AMN082 12415:DCG-IV 12410:CBiPES 12369:PCCG-4 12262:DCG-IV 12257:CBiPES 11701:Xylene 11601:Butane 10974:AV-101 10687:HA-966 9974:CX-717 9964:CX-614 9959:CX-546 9954:CX-516 9632:Xylene 9532:Butane 8905:AV-101 8618:HA-966 7905:CX-717 7895:CX-614 7890:CX-546 7885:CX-516 7687:Indian 7504:Hawaij 7459:Douchi 7434:Chaunk 7399:Advieh 7394:Adjika 7386:Blends 7356:Wasabi 7297:Sesame 7242:Nutmeg 7205:Mahleb 7200:Mastic 7135:Golpar 7125:Ginger 7120:Garlic 7113:lesser 7081:Fennel 6978:Chenpi 6958:Cassia 6889:Ajwain 6884:Aonori 6876:Spices 6851:Sorrel 6836:Savory 6781:Lovage 6728:Hyssop 6655:Cicely 6643:Chives 6633:Borage 6621:tejpat 6426:Madder 6416:Kermes 6411:Indigo 6391:Fustic 6315:Sulfur 6216:Resist 6178:Kasuri 6166:Dyeing 6147:Dyeing 6046: 6028: 6000: 5990: 5960: 5944: 5934: 5906: 5884: 5860: 5825: 5801: 5783: 5765: 5747: 5729: 5699: 5681: 5663: 5645: 5629: 5621: 5541: 5520: 5490: 5452: 5444: 5327: 5317: 5309: 5161:18 May 5136:18 May 5111:18 May 4767: 4757: 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