522:
3257:
46:
1961:
703:
1158:
4163:
6462:
4152:
1170:
6472:
553:
3190:
578:
558:
600:
573:
568:
563:
688:
521:
1285:
Princes, although they were often tutored in Arabic and religious subjects, frequently did not feel as comfortable with the Arabic language and preferred literature in
Persian, which was either their mother tongue—as in the case of dynasties such as the Saffarids (861–1003), Samanids (873–1005), and
766:
In the later 9th century, the
Saffarids gave impetus to a renaissance of New Persian literature and culture. Following Ya'qub's conquest of Herat, some poets chose to celebrate his victory in Arabic, whereupon Ya'qub requested his secretary, Muhammad bin Wasif al-Sistani, to compose those verses in
1314:
The
Tahirids had made scant use of Persian, though the Saffarids used it considerably more. But under the Samanids Persian emerged as a full "edged language of literature and (to a lesser extent) administration. Court patronage was extended to Persian poets, including the great Rudaki (d. c. 940).
775:
The religion of the
Saffarid's founder, Ya'qub, has been a topic of debate. Most of the primary sources were written during or after the fall of the Samanid dynasty and view the Saffarids through Samanid eyes. These primary sources depict Ya'qub either as a religious rascal or a volunteer Sunni
758:
The
Saffarids patronized the Persian language in the form of court poetry and established Persianate culture. Under their rule, the eastern Islamic world witnessed the emergence of prominent Persian poets such as Fayrouz Mashriqi, Abu Salik al-Jirjani, and
734:
in Sistan. In the next years, the governor of Fars, Sebük-eri defected to the
Abbasids. In 912, the Samanids finally expelled the Saffarids from Sistan. Sistan passed briefly to Abbasid control, but became independent again under the Saffarid
1440:
The provincial
Persian Ya'kub, on the other hand, rejoiced in his plebeian origins, denounced the Abbasids as usurpers, and regarded both the caliphs and such governors from aristocratic Arab families as the Tahirids with
664:(southwestern Iran) and parts of southern Iraq, and in 876 came close to overthrowing the Abbasids, whose army was able to turn them back only within a few days' march from Baghdad. From silver mines in the
437:
in 900. Amr bin Laith was forced to surrender most of his territories to the new rulers. The
Saffarids were confined to their heartland of Sistan, and with time, their role was reduced to that of
791:, early Saffarid emirs did not appear to have significant religious beliefs. Since Kharijism prospered in Sistan longer than anywhere else in eastern Iran, it was believed the Saffarids held
1868:
The Sunni
Samanids eventually annexed the territories of the Shi'ite Saffarids in 908, creating a powerful emirate bounded by the Pamir, the Caspian Sea, the Iranian plateau, and the steppe.
4964:
730:(901–908), the dynasty fought the Abbasids for the possession of Fars to maintain its control over the province. However, in 908, a civil war erupted between Tahir and the pretender
679:, and Saffarids were even offered key posts in Baghdad. Despite Ya'qub's military successes, he was not an empire builder since he had no concept of a centralized government.
4954:
7282:
265:
251:
226:
212:
198:
45:
1422:
First, the
Saffarid amirs and maliks were rulers of Persian stock who for centuries championed the cause of the underdog against the might of the Abbasid caliphs.
8925:
1244:
According to D.G. Tor, the Samanids vilified the Saffarids in order to increase their own legitimacy since they were competing against them for territory.
7182:
6123:
4976:
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4193:
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5634:
5378:
4890:
3950:
6893:
4875:
3901:
374:
The Saffarids used their capital Zaranj as a base for an aggressive expansion eastward and westward. They first invaded the areas south of the
7789:
457:(Ya'qub, son of Layth, the Coppersmith), a coppersmith of eastern Iranian origins, who moved to the city of Zaranj. He left work to become an
6724:
6508:
5166:
4944:
3292:
2139:
5312:
4828:
4126:
1157:
6883:
3936:
3656:
3218:
1315:
Meanwhile, Arabic continued to be used abundantly, for administration and for scientific, theological and philosophical discourse.
6868:
4863:
3851:
3112:
341:, who was born in 840 in a small town called Karnin (Qarnin), which was located east of Zaranj and west of Bost, in what is now
5488:
5339:
5102:
8742:
8124:
6898:
5834:
5664:
5609:
5478:
5344:
4242:
4104:
3911:
1790:
1603:
1307:
1264:
3881:
4996:
4986:
4186:
8648:
8935:
6999:
6194:
6144:
5870:
5404:
8794:
7794:
6994:
6903:
6873:
5419:
5408:
5353:
5301:
5156:
4959:
4131:
4121:
4114:
3871:
1904:
1883:
461:
and eventually got the power to act as an independent ruler. From his capital Zaranj he moved east into al-Rukhkhadj (
7438:
7272:
7202:
7157:
6941:
5849:
5793:
5773:
5589:
5564:
5460:
5384:
5286:
4916:
4758:
4074:
1861:
1381:
5683:
1400:
Savory, Roger M. (1996). "The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542–3)".
7187:
7147:
7009:
6858:
6717:
6501:
6314:
5880:
4069:
1093:
855:
736:
707:
454:
51:
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5364:
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4934:
4561:
4179:
4155:
4136:
4084:
3946:
3236:
2579:
7582:
726:, and they lost Khorasan to them. The Saffarids were reduced to the provinces of Fars, Kerman and Sistan. Under
359:. He seized control of the Sistan region and began conquering most of Iran and Afghanistan, as well as parts of
6753:
6429:
6254:
6134:
6118:
5604:
5539:
5440:
5389:
5161:
5112:
5097:
5001:
4991:
4971:
4763:
4422:
3273:
3146:
2321:
1838:
Bosworth, C. E. (1995). "Saffarids". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.).
6062:
4833:
4773:
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5729:
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5619:
5594:
5450:
5358:
5348:
3932:
3821:
3211:
980:
338:
115:
3841:
1833:. Vol. 4:The Period from the Arab invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–135.
8853:
8737:
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6292:
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7338:
7192:
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6083:
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6028:
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5548:
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2010:
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920:
727:
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5993:
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5332:
5307:
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4823:
4235:
3282:
3083:
2987:
2246:
330:
8779:
8754:
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8258:
7318:
7287:
7108:
6967:
6113:
5903:
5783:
5734:
5706:
5569:
5107:
5021:
4750:
3801:
3204:
3166:
3161:
3151:
1940:
1916:
Violent Order: Religious Warfare, Chivalry, and the ʻAyyār Phenomenon in the Medieval Islamic World
1342:
8846:
8727:
8268:
8221:
8164:
7863:
7807:
7555:
7353:
7267:
7130:
7014:
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1216:
1191:
295:
648:
contingent in his army. Ya'qub then turned his focus to the west and began attacks on Khorasan,
8868:
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8320:
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5493:
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4079:
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3362:
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3046:
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2023:
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8759:
8572:
8447:
7511:
7501:
7460:
7431:
7348:
7333:
7257:
7252:
7103:
6878:
6486:
5722:
5674:
5649:
5369:
5117:
4895:
4813:
4430:
4387:
3412:
2427:
2347:
2285:
1840:
1593:
691:
8687:
3256:
2057:
1169:
784:, obsessed with the integrity of the Seljuk Empire, depicts Ya'qub as an Ismaili convert.
8892:
8722:
8692:
8567:
8498:
8469:
8388:
7722:
7560:
7550:
7400:
7328:
7120:
6947:
6833:
6681:
6273:
6175:
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6008:
5983:
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5942:
5915:
5717:
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5554:
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5282:
5046:
4228:
3156:
1373:
8672:
8:
8584:
8464:
8430:
8332:
8152:
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7959:
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7614:
7489:
7474:
7323:
6676:
6013:
5702:
5435:
5327:
4926:
4921:
4885:
4818:
4667:
4355:
4109:
4089:
2889:
2759:
2188:
1984:
1923:
Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lecomte, G., eds. (1995). "Pandjhir".
1540:
Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids".
1388:
One of the first indigenous Persian dynasties to emerge after the Arab Islamic invasions.
482:
87:
8300:
8290:
425:
The Saffarid dynasty did not last long after Ya'qub's death. His brother and successor,
8697:
8677:
8660:
8611:
8476:
8285:
8236:
8169:
8087:
8028:
8023:
8018:
7974:
7944:
7836:
7734:
7602:
7577:
7405:
6953:
6818:
6517:
6377:
6339:
6284:
6279:
6184:
6099:
5739:
5599:
5559:
5399:
5394:
5292:
5277:
5036:
4838:
4659:
4628:
4521:
4278:
4167:
3646:
3516:
3461:
3382:
3092:
2879:
2499:
1970:
1817:
1557:
1413:
1211:
1186:
760:
661:
334:
8806:
8702:
8638:
8633:
8562:
8459:
8174:
8102:
8097:
7939:
7868:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7641:
7592:
6803:
6691:
6686:
6608:
6471:
6387:
6304:
6210:
6200:
6109:
6018:
6003:
5998:
5967:
5957:
5947:
5937:
5924:
5779:
5483:
5297:
5235:
5210:
5190:
5140:
5060:
4908:
4537:
4529:
4454:
4406:
4094:
3576:
3546:
3322:
2919:
2819:
2809:
2519:
2509:
2467:
2367:
2311:
1900:
1879:
1857:
1786:
1599:
1377:
1303:
1047:
822:
217:
72:
8655:
8442:
8437:
8393:
8380:
8310:
8278:
8273:
8137:
8132:
8114:
8075:
8008:
7932:
7922:
7917:
7858:
7814:
7784:
7744:
7727:
7710:
7673:
7424:
6828:
6768:
6562:
6358:
6349:
6259:
6249:
6205:
6045:
6033:
5987:
5932:
5749:
5614:
5445:
5414:
5259:
5240:
4949:
4029:
3666:
3302:
2949:
2639:
1809:
1549:
1405:
1369:
1136:
1125:
883:
743:
641:
383:
318:
286:
4215:
1477:
There were many local Persian dynasties, including the Tahirids, the Saffarids....
1346:
1272:
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8682:
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8616:
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8211:
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7949:
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7658:
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7646:
7631:
7587:
7469:
7455:
6773:
6583:
6557:
6547:
6542:
6532:
6392:
6329:
6264:
6239:
6224:
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5804:
5694:
5516:
5215:
5151:
5055:
4903:
4805:
4577:
4553:
4489:
4470:
4462:
4438:
4323:
4265:
3861:
3586:
3422:
3372:
3342:
2829:
2779:
2679:
2649:
2589:
2529:
2447:
2417:
2387:
2357:
2152:
1997:
1960:
1949:
1894:
1612:
719:
665:
615:
430:
379:
310:
244:
203:
20:
8295:
1700:
Bosworth, C. E. (1999). "The Tahirids and the Saffarids". In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1495:
Saffarid, the Coppersmith, the epithet of the founder of this Persian dynasty...
8816:
8811:
8774:
8749:
8732:
8643:
8628:
8599:
8557:
8405:
8365:
8360:
8315:
8241:
8201:
8191:
8181:
7996:
7875:
7769:
7636:
7518:
7313:
7242:
6808:
6567:
6234:
5754:
5579:
5067:
5031:
4694:
4612:
4545:
4371:
3791:
3716:
3706:
3626:
3606:
3536:
3442:
3392:
2939:
2619:
2599:
2539:
2175:
2086:
1849:
1702:
The Cambridge History of Iran: The period from the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
1008:
702:
1595:
Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter
8914:
8897:
8784:
8579:
8552:
8525:
8503:
8481:
8248:
8231:
8216:
8060:
8013:
8001:
7927:
7819:
7693:
7688:
7663:
7545:
7046:
6798:
6763:
6671:
6650:
6552:
6465:
6369:
6354:
6324:
6269:
6149:
6104:
6053:
6023:
4726:
4620:
4585:
4307:
4039:
3994:
3781:
3761:
3741:
3636:
3566:
3402:
3352:
3018:
3007:
2749:
2669:
2629:
2076:
2036:
1535:
1533:
788:
781:
657:
608:
547:
434:
426:
411:
8325:
8305:
640:
The Tahirid city of Herat was captured in 870, and Ya'qub's campaign in the
8789:
8530:
8520:
8486:
8415:
8410:
8337:
8127:
8109:
8070:
8065:
8045:
8040:
7912:
7905:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7779:
7717:
7698:
7683:
7619:
6783:
6629:
6598:
6397:
6382:
6334:
6243:
5788:
5654:
5077:
5026:
4734:
4718:
4702:
4644:
4014:
3751:
3696:
3526:
3136:
3065:
3028:
2996:
2959:
2929:
2849:
2689:
2255:
505:
478:
1829:
Bosworth, C.E. (1975). "The Ṭāhirids and Șaffārids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.).
1530:
1491:
The Arabic Contributions to the English Language: An Historical Dictionary
8508:
8493:
8342:
8055:
7964:
7954:
7880:
7528:
7523:
7343:
6913:
6778:
6733:
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5875:
5798:
5629:
4034:
3961:
3496:
3451:
3194:
2839:
2799:
2559:
2437:
1196:
715:
535:
403:
395:
342:
8535:
8352:
8226:
8186:
8119:
7071:
7066:
6702:
6666:
6645:
6593:
5829:
5220:
4742:
4710:
4636:
4604:
4414:
4049:
4024:
4019:
3676:
3616:
3471:
3055:
2969:
2789:
2769:
2739:
2699:
2659:
2491:
2457:
2377:
2331:
1976:
1821:
1561:
1206:
1140:
796:
792:
466:
375:
368:
364:
306:
258:
1513:
The Saffarids, the first Persian dynasty, to challenge the Abbasids...
1417:
1300:
The new Cambridge history of Islam. Vol 1, Sixth to eleventh centuries
8425:
8196:
8080:
8050:
7831:
7705:
7496:
7081:
6624:
4955:
International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
4675:
4652:
4446:
4379:
4347:
3989:
3686:
3432:
2899:
2869:
2859:
2569:
2407:
2265:
649:
462:
1813:
1553:
1302:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 345.
534:
after the capture of the city, issued around 870 CE in Kabul on the
7826:
7609:
7567:
7506:
7358:
7091:
7076:
7051:
6603:
5865:
5205:
5087:
4339:
4009:
2719:
2709:
2275:
2162:
1409:
1201:
952:
795:
sympathies. Archeologist Barry Cunliffe, states the Saffarids were
747:
731:
552:
502:
501:, he conquered these territories which were predominantly ruled by
442:
419:
360:
326:
141:
127:
1922:
1618:
557:
347:
7739:
7668:
7624:
7479:
7142:
7061:
6408:
4331:
4004:
3556:
2909:
2397:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2126:
2099:
1063:
723:
672:
626:
590:
577:
508:. He took vast amounts of plunder and slaves from this campaign.
490:
474:
458:
415:
356:
231:
7540:
7572:
7447:
7096:
7086:
7056:
6214:
5534:
4363:
4044:
3999:
2295:
2198:
1800:
Bosworth, C. E. (1969). "The Ṭāhirids and Persian Literature".
695:
676:
653:
599:
572:
567:
562:
539:
438:
407:
399:
322:
314:
62:
6516:
4220:
1126:
Khalaf ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalaf ibn al-Layth ibn 'Ali
687:
675:
caliphate to recognize Ya'qub as governor of Sistan, Fars and
8206:
7152:
5072:
3312:
2103:
1783:
The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols
531:
498:
486:
470:
391:
387:
1163:
The Saffarid dynasty and its neighbors at its peak in 900 CE
739:; but now the dynasty was a minor power isolated in Sistan.
386:
in 873. By the time of Ya'qub's death, he had conquered the
7113:
4852:
4315:
4251:
2116:
1759:
586:
494:
95:
7416:
1575:
1573:
1571:
5830:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
1644:
1642:
644:
led to the capture of Kharidjites which later formed the
1896:
Persian Historiography to the End of the Twelfth Century
1704:. Vol. IV. Cambridge University Press. p. 129.
1747:
1735:
1681:
1568:
1639:
1669:
300:
1725:
1723:
1708:
1518:
1320:
1876:
The Shahnameh: The Persian Epic in World Literature
1854:By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean: The Birth of Eurasia
1844:. Vol. VIII:NED-SAM. Brill. pp. 795–798.
1720:
802:
8912:
1094:Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Khalaf ibn Layth ibn 'Ali
668:, the Saffarids were able to mint silver coins.
4891:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
1434:al Saffar, Ya'kub b. al-Layth; Bosworth, C. E.
660:(southwestern Iran). The Saffarids then seized
8926:States and territories established in the 860s
4977:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
4876:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
1635:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 38.
1598:. Princeton University Press. pp. 25–26.
1473:Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa
325:from 861 to 1002. One of the first indigenous
50:Saffarid dynasty at its greatest extent under
7432:
6718:
6502:
4759:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
4236:
4187:
3212:
1927:. Vol. VIII:NED-SAM. Brill. p. 258.
1856:. Oxford University Press. pp. 388–389.
1433:
8889:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
5835:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
1785:. Vol. Three. I.B. Tauris. p. 24.
1453:Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (eds.).
4945:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
7439:
7425:
6725:
6711:
6509:
6495:
5451:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
5313:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
4829:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
4243:
4229:
4194:
4180:
3219:
3205:
1452:
1337:
1335:
1235:Numerous sources call the dynasty Persian.
1118:
1108:
1086:
1076:
1052:
1040:
1030:
1013:
1001:
985:
973:
957:
945:
925:
914:
904:
888:
876:
860:
849:
835:
44:
4960:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
1665:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 89.
1271:. HighBeam Research. 2002. Archived from
8941:Former political entities in Afghanistan
6732:
4779:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
1848:
1837:
1828:
1799:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1699:
1687:
1660:
1630:
1579:
1539:
1402:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1366:The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
1297:
1134:
1062:
820:
750:and finally ended the Saffarid dynasty.
701:
686:
8713:
6924:
6859:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war
5565:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
1892:
1873:
1675:
1648:
1332:
1326:
333:, the Saffarid dynasty was part of the
8913:
5103:History of democracy in classical Iran
1780:
1524:
1399:
671:These incursions, however, forced the
514:Saffarid coinage in Kabul, with Arabic
7420:
6706:
6490:
5901:
5825:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
5610:Iran and the World Trade Organization
5514:
5257:
5138:
4263:
4224:
1591:
1509:Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis
4997:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
4987:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
1470:
1374:10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001
1341:
931:co-ruler Ya'qub ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
530:Coinage of the Saffarid Governor of
6230:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
5871:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
5845:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
5644:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
5379:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
1913:
1729:
1714:
1592:Flood, Finbarr B. (20 March 2018).
1506:
1048:Amr ibn Ya'qub ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
290:
13:
4769:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
1488:
418:but then suffered a defeat by the
351:, Ya'qub worked as a coppersmith (
14:
8952:
5840:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
5461:Supreme National Security Council
5287:Persian Constitutional Revolution
4917:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
4824:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
4814:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
4206:
1459:Saffarids: A Persian dynasty.....
1455:Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature
1368:. Oxford University Press. 2010.
345:. A native of Sistan and a local
6470:
6461:
6460:
5436:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
4161:
4151:
4150:
3255:
3188:
1959:
1168:
1156:
598:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
520:
313:origin that ruled over parts of
263:
249:
224:
210:
196:
16:861–1002 Eastern Iranian dynasty
7263:Opium production in Afghanistan
5635:Military equipment manufactured
5201:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
4965:United States withdrawal (2018)
4886:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
4250:
1693:
1654:
1624:
1585:
1500:
1482:
1238:
1229:
1133:
1061:
414:, Khorasan, and nearly reached
6195:modern / contemporary
5441:Expediency Discernment Council
4764:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
4753:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
4277:
1899:. Edinburgh University Press.
1464:
1446:
1427:
1393:
1357:
1291:
1257:
803:Rulers of the Saffarid dynasty
593:mark on the hump of the bull.
329:dynasties to emerge after the
1:
5409:state-sponsorship allegations
5139:
2336:
2300:
2180:
2167:
2144:
2131:
2108:
2091:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1893:Meisami, Julie Scott (1999).
1878:. Columbia University Press.
1831:The Cambridge History of Iran
1438:. Vol. XI. p. 255.
1251:
1053:عمرو بن یعقوب بن محمد بن عمرو
737:Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad
708:Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad
455:Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
77:administration, mother tongue
52:Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
7183:Current provincial governors
7037:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
6526:Persian and Caspian kingdoms
5866:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
5258:
5167:twin towns and sister cities
4473:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
4350:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
4326:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
1457:. Vol. 2. p. 674.
1129:
1124:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1070:
1057:
1046:
1024:
1019:
1007:
995:
990:
979:
967:
962:
951:
939:
934:
919:
898:
893:
882:
870:
865:
854:
829:
806:
635:
337:. The dynasty's founder was
7:
7446:
6145:Water supply and sanitation
5902:
5876:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
5515:
4935:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
4310:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
4264:
4127:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
3937:Transitional Administration
3507:Principality of Chaghaniyan
1918:. Orient-Institut-Istanbul.
1633:The Oxford History of Islam
1298:Robinson, Chase F. (2009).
1180:
770:
448:
301:
10:
8957:
8936:History of Nimruz Province
7344:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life)
7283:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
5625:Economy of the Middle East
5002:2021–2022 Iranian protests
4992:2019–2020 Iranian protests
4972:2017–2018 Iranian protests
4433:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
3983:Related historical regions
1925:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1781:Baumer, Christoph (2016).
1774:
1631:Esposito, John L. (1999).
1436:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1265:"Persian Prose Literature"
1149:
921:Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
753:
746:invaded Sistan, dethroned
728:Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
682:
339:Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar
116:Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar
18:
8882:
8834:
8351:
7755:
7454:
7371:
7309:
7300:
7238:
7229:
7138:
7129:
7027:
6975:
6966:
6759:Indus Valley civilisation
6744:
6659:
6638:
6617:
6576:
6525:
6456:
6422:
6368:
6171:
6162:
6092:
6044:
5976:
5923:
5914:
5910:
5897:
5858:
5850:National Development Fund
5813:
5770:Telecommunications and IT
5764:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
5693:
5590:Foreign direct investment
5535:Bonyad (charitable trust)
5527:
5523:
5510:
5469:
5428:
5270:
5266:
5253:
5147:
5134:
5014:
4881:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
4871:Interim Government (1979)
4850:
4798:
4791:
4687:
4597:
4514:
4505:
4482:
4399:
4292:
4285:
4276:
4272:
4259:
3283:Indus Valley civilisation
1489:Cannon, Garland Hampton.
1343:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund
378:, and then overthrew the
175:
171:
161:
151:
147:
137:
133:
121:
109:
105:
93:
83:
68:
58:
43:
38:
28:
6980:Administrative divisions
5600:International oil bourse
5365:Ministry of Intelligence
4950:Syrian civil war (2011–)
4774:1921 Persian coup d'état
3802:Principality of Qandahar
1661:Bosworth, C. E. (1963).
1222:
815:
812:
809:
763:, who was a court poet.
656:(Southeastern Iran) and
481:by 865. He then invaded
19:Not to be confused with
6844:Second Anglo-Afghan War
6814:Third Battle of Panipat
6520:dynasties (800–1100 AD)
6124:scientists and scholars
5630:Milad Tower and complex
5420:Women's rights movement
5415:White Revolution (1963)
5083:Peoples of the Caucasus
4425:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
4318:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
2011:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
1874:Dabashi, Hamid (2019).
1663:The Ghaznavids 994–1040
1217:List of kings of Persia
1192:Nasrid dynasty (Sistan)
1066:occupation 913–922 CE.
585:, "The fortunate small
453:The dynasty began with
6914:Second Islamic Emirate
6854:Kingdom of Afghanistan
6849:Third Anglo-Afghan War
6839:First Anglo-Afghan War
6824:Emirate of Afghanistan
6774:Yabghus of Tokharistan
6435:Anti-Iranian sentiment
6430:Science and technology
6255:Intellectual movements
6135:International rankings
6119:Intellectual movements
5605:International rankings
5098:Heads of state of Iran
4904:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
4465:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
4302:culture (3400–2000 BC)
4168:Afghanistan portal
4105:List of heads of state
3363:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
2550:Masmughans of Damavand
2024:Zayandeh River Culture
821:Independence from the
711:
699:
629:") in Arabic to right.
546:: Recumbent bull with
445:and their successors.
429:, was defeated at the
163:• Disestablished
8859:Medieval great powers
6894:First Islamic Emirate
5723:Shetab Banking System
5713:Banking and insurance
5675:Tehran Stock Exchange
5595:Intellectual property
4940:PJAK conflict (2004–)
4713:Turcomans (1378–1508)
4705:Turcomans (1374–1468)
4654:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
4457:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
3413:Indo-Parthian kingdom
3393:Indo-Scythian kingdom
2428:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
2382:3rd-century BC–132 BC
2348:Kingdom of Cappadocia
2304: 6th century BC
2286:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1841:Encyclopedia of Islam
1137:Mahmud ibn Sebuktigin
926:طاھر بن محمد بن عمرو
705:
698:, established in 894.
690:
69:Common languages
8869:European colonialism
8854:Ancient great powers
7000:Environmental issues
6948:Graveyard of empires
6937:Arabs in Afghanistan
6682:Nizari Ismaili state
6618:Khwarezmian kingdoms
5684:Technology start-ups
5585:Environmental issues
5575:Economic Reform Plan
5489:Provincial governors
5179:Environmental issues
4927:Iran Air Flight 655
4668:Jalayirid Sultanate
4540:Caliphate (750–1258)
4382:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
4213:Encyclopædia Iranica
1619:Bosworth et al. 1995
1364:"Saffarid dynasty".
1351:Encyclopædia Iranica
1286:Buyids (945–1055)...
1009:Al-Mu'addal ibn 'Ali
780:. The Seljuk vizier
718:was defeated at the
355:) before becoming a
8864:Modern great powers
6954:Wars in Afghanistan
6874:Democratic Republic
6677:Kara-Khanid Khanate
6084:Freedom of religion
5670:Supreme Audit Court
5549:Automotive industry
5196:Iranian Balochistan
4922:1987 Mecca incident
4819:Iran crisis of 1946
4808:dynasty (1925–1979)
4737:Dynasty (1751–1794)
4678:dynasty (1338–1357)
4670:dynasty (1335–1432)
4662:dynasty (1314–1393)
4647:dynasty (1244–1381)
4631:dynasty (1077–1231)
4615:dynasty (1011–1215)
4532:Caliphate (661–750)
4524:Caliphate (632–661)
4492:Empire (AD 224–651)
4409:Empire (550–330 BC)
4390:Empire (626–539 BC)
4374:Empire (678–549 BC)
4358:Empire (911–609 BC)
3872:Democratic Republic
3084:Contemporary period
2988:Early modern period
2890:Jalayirid Sultanate
2760:Khwarazmian dynasty
2189:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2067:Kura–Araxes culture
1985:Baradostian culture
309:dynasty of eastern
153:• Established
88:Hereditary monarchy
8931:861 establishments
7273:Telecommunications
7243:Afghani (currency)
7158:Leadership Council
6942:European influence
6819:Dost Mohammad Khan
6754:Pre-Islamic period
6518:Iranian Intermezzo
6215:Persian New Year (
5620:Main economic laws
5191:Iranian Azerbaijan
5093:Monarchs of Persia
5037:Persianate society
4745:Empire (1789–1925)
4729:Empire (1736–1796)
4721:Empire (1501–1736)
4697:Empire (1370–1507)
4623:Empire (1037–1194)
4588:dynasty (934–1062)
4580:dynasty (931–1090)
4572:dynasty (861–1003)
4441:Empire (312–63 BC)
4342:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
4075:Political violence
3882:Tanai coup attempt
3517:Rashidun Caliphate
3462:Hephthalite Empire
3383:Indo-Greek kingdom
3103:Interim Government
3093:Iranian Revolution
2880:Muzaffarid dynasty
2584:864 – 14th century
2574:791 – 11th century
2500:Rashidun Caliphate
2322:Kingdom of Armenia
1971:Prehistoric period
1914:Tor, D.G. (2007).
1850:Cunliffe, Barry W.
1768:, p. 388-389.
1212:Muhammad ibn Wasif
1187:Iranian Intermezzo
761:Muhammad ibn Wasif
712:
700:
692:Atigh Jameh Mosque
473:, vanquishing the
335:Iranian Intermezzo
8908:
8907:
8830:
8829:
8795:Polish–Lithuanian
7970:Gurjara-Pratihara
7414:
7413:
7367:
7366:
7296:
7295:
7225:
7224:
7188:Foreign relations
7023:
7022:
6962:
6961:
6864:Saqqawist Emirate
6804:Siege of Kandahar
6700:
6699:
6692:Fatimid Caliphate
6687:Abbasid Caliphate
6609:Hadhabani (tribe)
6484:
6483:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6418:
6417:
6325:Opium consumption
6158:
6157:
5994:Ethnic minorities
5968:Iranian languages
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5385:Political parties
5323:Children's rights
5308:Foreign relations
5302:2009 presidential
5249:
5248:
5211:Iranian Kurdistan
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5010:
5009:
4982:COVID-19 pandemic
4841:Revolution (1979)
4787:
4786:
4607:Empire (977–1186)
4564:dynasty (864–928)
4556:dynasty (821–873)
4548:dynasty (819–999)
4501:
4500:
4417:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
4204:
4203:
4095:Afghan (ethnonym)
4070:Political history
3974:
3973:
3822:Saqqawist Emirate
3772:Sadozai Sultanate
3725:
3724:
3511:7th–8th centuries
3480:
3479:
3333:Macedonian Empire
3323:Achaemenid Empire
3293:Oxus civilization
3229:
3228:
3121:
3120:
3074:
3073:
3037:
3036:
2978:
2977:
2920:Afrasiyab dynasty
2820:Khorshidi dynasty
2810:Pishkinid dynasty
2700:Ghaznavid dynasty
2520:Abbasid Caliphate
2510:Umayyad Caliphate
2476:
2475:
2472:550s–11th century
2368:Kingdom of Pontus
2312:Achaemenid Empire
2276:Anshanite Kingdom
2237:
2236:
2140:Oxus Civilization
2048:
2047:
1792:978-1-78453-490-5
1605:978-0-691-18074-8
1507:Daftary, Farhad.
1309:978-0-521-83823-8
1147:
1146:
1121:
1111:
1089:
1079:
1055:
1043:
1033:
1016:
1004:
988:
981:Muhammad ibn 'Ali
976:
960:
953:al-Layth ibn 'Ali
948:
932:
928:
917:
907:
891:
879:
863:
852:
846:
838:
823:Abbasid Caliphate
542:weight standard.
497:. In the name of
299:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
237:
236:
218:Abbasid Caliphate
78:
8948:
8921:Saffarid dynasty
8711:
8710:
8376:Austro-Hungarian
8076:Chagatai Khanate
7441:
7434:
7427:
7418:
7417:
7394:
7387:
7380:
7307:
7306:
7236:
7235:
7136:
7135:
6973:
6972:
6922:
6921:
6909:Islamic Republic
6869:Daoud's Republic
6834:Afghan–Sikh Wars
6829:Battle of Jamrud
6789:Islamic conquest
6769:Greater Khorasan
6727:
6720:
6713:
6704:
6703:
6639:Sogdian kingdoms
6577:Kurdish kingdoms
6563:Sallarid dynasty
6538:Saffarid dynasty
6511:
6504:
6497:
6488:
6487:
6474:
6464:
6463:
6315:National symbols
6169:
6168:
5984:Iranian citizens
5921:
5920:
5912:
5911:
5899:
5898:
5881:Research centers
5570:Economic history
5525:
5524:
5512:
5511:
5446:Guardian Council
5268:
5267:
5255:
5254:
5136:
5135:
5113:Electric history
5108:Military history
5022:Ancient Persians
4930:
4929:shootdown (1988)
4912:
4899:
4896:Iranian Embassy
4866:
4855:
4853:Islamic Republic
4842:
4834:1953 coup d'état
4809:
4796:
4795:
4754:
4751:Khanates of the
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4525:
4512:
4511:
4493:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4290:
4289:
4274:
4273:
4261:
4260:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4154:
4153:
4137:Muslim conquests
4122:Hinduism history
4085:Economic history
3969:
3947:Islamic Republic
3738:
3737:
3667:Chagatai Khanate
3493:
3492:
3433:Kidarite kingdom
3303:Gandhara kingdom
3279:
3278:
3259:
3249:
3231:
3230:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3162:Military history
3152:Economic history
3130:Related articles
3113:Islamic Republic
3089:
3088:
3052:
3051:
2993:
2992:
2950:Kar-Kiya dynasty
2870:Chobanid dynasty
2860:Ilkhanate Empire
2640:Sallarid dynasty
2610:Saffarid dynasty
2496:
2495:
2341:
2338:
2306:–11th century AD
2305:
2302:
2266:Scythian Kingdom
2252:
2251:
2182:
2169:
2146:
2133:
2110:
2093:
2063:
2062:
2043:
2030:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1963:
1953:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1889:
1870:
1845:
1834:
1825:
1796:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1718:
1717:, p. 85-87.
1712:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1566:
1565:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1339:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1261:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1175:Saffarid Soldier
1172:
1160:
1141:Ghaznavid Empire
1120:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1015:
1012:
1003:
1000:
987:
984:
975:
972:
959:
956:
947:
944:
930:
927:
924:
916:
913:
906:
903:
890:
887:
884:Amr ibn al-Layth
878:
875:
862:
859:
856:Ya'qub ibn Layth
851:
848:
844:
837:
834:
807:
744:Mahmud of Ghazni
732:al-Laith b. 'Ali
602:
597:: horseman with
583:Śrī Khūdarayakah
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
524:
331:Islamic conquest
319:Greater Khorasan
304:
294:
292:
283:Saffarid dynasty
267:
266:
253:
252:
241:
240:
228:
227:
214:
213:
200:
199:
193:
192:
177:
176:
123:• 963–1002
76:
48:
30:Saffarid dynasty
26:
25:
8956:
8955:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8904:
8893:American Empire
8878:
8874:African empires
8826:
8709:
8401:Central African
8347:
8165:Romano-Germanic
7751:
7485:Middle Assyrian
7458:
7450:
7445:
7415:
7410:
7397:
7390:
7383:
7376:
7363:
7292:
7221:
7125:
7019:
6958:
6920:
6904:War (2001–2021)
6794:Mongol invasion
6740:
6731:
6701:
6696:
6655:
6634:
6613:
6584:Rawadid dynasty
6572:
6558:Kakuyid dynasty
6548:Ziyarid dynasty
6543:Samanid dynasty
6533:Tahirid dynasty
6521:
6515:
6485:
6480:
6444:
6414:
6393:Rap and hip-hop
6364:
6345:Public holidays
6330:Persian gardens
6319:Imperial Anthem
6310:National Jewels
6265:Iranian studies
6154:
6088:
6040:
5972:
5933:Persian (Farsi)
5906:
5885:
5854:
5816:
5809:
5744:Pharmaceuticals
5689:
5680:Venture capital
5655:Rial (currency)
5640:Nuclear program
5519:
5498:
5465:
5424:
5375:Nuclear program
5340:Judicial system
5262:
5245:
5216:Iranian plateau
5143:
5122:
5006:
4928:
4910:
4897:
4865:History (1979–)
4864:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4807:
4783:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4683:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4646:
4638:
4630:
4622:
4614:
4606:
4593:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4507:
4497:
4491:
4478:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4395:
4389:
4388:Neo-Babylonian
4381:
4373:
4366:(860 BC–590 BC)
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4334:(c.2300–675 BC)
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4281:
4268:
4255:
4249:
4209:
4200:
4162:
4160:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4054:
3984:
3976:
3975:
3967:
3962:Islamic Emirate
3902:Islamic Emirate
3862:Saur Revolution
3735:
3727:
3726:
3657:Mongol Invasion
3631:before 879–1215
3490:
3482:
3481:
3423:Sasanian Empire
3407:135 BC – 248 AD
3373:Parthian Empire
3343:Seleucid Empire
3276:
3247:
3240:
3225:
3195:Iran portal
3189:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3167:Women's history
3131:
3123:
3122:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3049:
3039:
3038:
2990:
2980:
2979:
2830:Qutlugh-Khanids
2780:Atabegs of Yazd
2680:Rawadid dynasty
2650:Ziyarid dynasty
2590:Tahirid dynasty
2488:
2486:Medieval period
2478:
2477:
2462:6th century–785
2448:Sasanian Empire
2418:Kings of Persis
2388:Parthian Empire
2358:Seleucid Empire
2339:
2303:
2249:
2247:Imperial period
2239:
2238:
2153:Akkadian Empire
2100:Lullubi Kingdom
2060:
2050:
2049:
1998:Zarzian culture
1973:
1951:
1944:
1932:
1907:
1886:
1864:
1814:10.2307/4299615
1793:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1569:
1554:10.2307/4299599
1538:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1505:
1501:
1493:. p. 288.
1487:
1483:
1475:. p. 472.
1471:Aldosari, Ali.
1469:
1465:
1451:
1447:
1432:
1428:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1310:
1296:
1292:
1278:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1164:
1161:
1152:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
983:
977:
971:
955:
949:
943:
929:
923:
912:
908:
902:
886:
880:
874:
861:یعقوب بن اللیث
858:
847:
843:
839:
833:
805:
773:
756:
720:battle of Balkh
685:
666:Panjshir Valley
646:Djash al-Shurat
638:
633:
632:
631:
630:
620:
619:
538:model. Abbasid
527:
526:
525:
516:
515:
469:and ultimately
451:
431:Battle of Balkh
380:Tahirid dynasty
264:
250:
245:Samanid dynasty
225:
211:
204:Tahirid dynasty
197:
164:
154:
124:
112:
111:• 861–879
54:
34:
31:
24:
21:Safavid dynasty
17:
12:
11:
5:
8954:
8944:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8895:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8850:
8849:
8838:
8836:
8832:
8831:
8828:
8827:
8825:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8803:
8802:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8746:
8745:
8740:
8730:
8725:
8719:
8717:
8708:
8707:
8706:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8675:
8670:
8669:
8668:
8658:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8631:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8609:
8608:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8570:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8544:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8506:
8496:
8491:
8490:
8489:
8484:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8467:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8450:
8440:
8435:
8434:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8403:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8357:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8288:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8172:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8006:
8005:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7979:
7978:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7915:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7829:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7812:
7811:
7810:
7805:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7761:
7759:
7757:Post-classical
7753:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7737:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7612:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7564:
7563:
7558:
7556:Middle Kingdom
7553:
7543:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7512:Neo-Babylonian
7509:
7504:
7502:Old Babylonian
7494:
7493:
7492:
7487:
7477:
7472:
7466:
7464:
7452:
7451:
7444:
7443:
7436:
7429:
7421:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7396:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7310:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7248:Communications
7245:
7239:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7200:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7168:Prime Minister
7165:
7163:Supreme Leader
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7139:
7133:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7117:
7116:
7114:Persian (Dari)
7106:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7033:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7005:Extreme points
7002:
6997:
6992:
6990:Climate change
6987:
6982:
6976:
6970:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6928:
6926:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6809:Durrani Empire
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6750:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6730:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6707:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6642:
6640:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6568:Bavand dynasty
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6514:
6513:
6506:
6499:
6491:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6468:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6426:
6424:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6374:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6282:
6277:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6188:
6182:
6172:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6107:
6102:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6071:
6066:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5991:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5929:
5927:
5918:
5908:
5907:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5777:
5767:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5710:
5699:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5520:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5494:Supreme Leader
5491:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5456:Local councils
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5356:
5351:
5342:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5333:Women's rights
5330:
5325:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5295:
5290:
5280:
5274:
5272:
5264:
5263:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5184:Climate change
5176:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Jiroft culture
5065:
5064:
5063:
5056:Iranic peoples
5053:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5032:Persianization
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4906:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4860:
4858:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4802:
4800:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4639:(1135/36-1225)
4634:
4626:
4618:
4610:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4518:
4516:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4449:(c.295–220 BC)
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4308:Proto-Elamite
4305:
4296:
4294:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4270:
4269:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4207:External links
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4158:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4132:Jewish history
4129:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:Related topics
4062:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3792:Durrani Empire
3788:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:Tibetan Empire
3533:
3532:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3417:20 BC – 50? AD
3415:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3252:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Heads of state
3144:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:Timurid Empire
2936:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:Nasrid dynasty
2726:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2624:pre-879 – 1215
2622:
2620:Ghurid dynasty
2616:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2600:Samanid Empire
2596:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:Alid dynasties
2576:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2176:Avestan period
2172:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2087:Jiroft culture
2083:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2061:
2058:Ancient period
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:5th millennium
2039:
2033:
2032:
2031:6th millennium
2026:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1906:978-0748612765
1905:
1890:
1885:978-0231544948
1884:
1871:
1862:
1846:
1835:
1826:
1797:
1791:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1758:
1756:, p. 107.
1746:
1744:, p. 108.
1734:
1719:
1707:
1692:
1690:, p. 104.
1680:
1668:
1653:
1651:, p. 120.
1638:
1623:
1621:, p. 258.
1611:
1604:
1584:
1582:, p. 795.
1567:
1529:
1517:
1511:. p. 51.
1499:
1481:
1463:
1445:
1426:
1410:10.2307/605756
1392:
1382:
1356:
1331:
1319:
1308:
1290:
1275:on May 2, 2013
1255:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1114:Wali-ud-Daulah
1100:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1045:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1014:المعضل ابن علي
1006:
993:
992:
989:
978:
965:
964:
961:
950:
937:
936:
933:
918:
896:
895:
892:
889:عمرو بن اللیث
881:
868:
867:
864:
853:
827:
826:
818:
817:
814:
813:Personal Name
811:
804:
801:
772:
769:
755:
752:
684:
681:
642:Badghis region
637:
634:
613:
612:
529:
528:
519:
518:
517:
513:
512:
511:
510:
450:
447:
321:, and eastern
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
261:
255:
254:
247:
238:
235:
234:
229:
221:
220:
215:
207:
206:
201:
189:
188:
183:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:
138:Historical era
135:
134:
131:
130:
125:
122:
119:
118:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
49:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8953:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8918:
8916:
8899:
8898:Soviet empire
8896:
8894:
8891:
8890:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8883:Miscellaneous
8881:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8848:
8845:
8844:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8712:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8613:
8610:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8482:German Empire
8480:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8461:
8458:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8247:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8222:Turco-Persian
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8086:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8010:
8007:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7983:
7980:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7920:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7877:
7874:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7720:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7704:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7457:
7453:
7449:
7442:
7437:
7435:
7430:
7428:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7393:
7389:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7375:
7374:
7370:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7299:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7216:
7215:Chief Justice
7213:
7212:
7211:
7210:Supreme Court
7208:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7173:Deputy Leader
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6899:2001 invasion
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6889:Islamic State
6887:
6886:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6799:Hotak dynasty
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6764:Maurya Empire
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6728:
6723:
6721:
6716:
6714:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6672:Seljuk Empire
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6652:
6651:Sajid dynasty
6649:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6553:Buyid dynasty
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6519:
6512:
6507:
6505:
6500:
6498:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6467:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6289:news agencies
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5896:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5650:Privatization
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5513:
5509:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5119:
5118:Years in Iran
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5042:Turco-Persian
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4911:War (1980–88)
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4749:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4703:Qara Qoyunlu
4701:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:550 BC–AD 224
4398:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4356:Neo-Assyrian
4354:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4185:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:List of years
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4060:
4059:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4040:Paropamisadae
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3980:
3979:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:Islamic State
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3892:Islamic State
3890:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:Afsharid Iran
3780:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3762:Hotak dynasty
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:Kushan Empire
3401:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:247 BC–224 AD
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3353:Maurya Empire
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3313:Median Empire
3311:
3310:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3047:Modern period
3043:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:Afsharid Iran
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:Hotak dynasty
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:Seljuk Empire
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:Buyid dynasty
2668:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2630:Sajid dynasty
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2422:132 BC–224 AD
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:141 BC–222 AD
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:147 BC–224 AD
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:247 BC–224 AD
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:320s BC–17 AD
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2340: 323 BC
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:331 BC–428 AD
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2316:550 BC–330 BC
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:626 BC–539 BC
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:635 BC–550 BC
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:Median Empire
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:Proto-Elamite
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2038:
2037:Dalma culture
2035:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:20,000–10,000
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:36,000–18,000
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1863:9780199689170
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1766:Cunliffe 2015
1762:
1755:
1754:Bosworth 1975
1750:
1743:
1742:Bosworth 1975
1738:
1732:, p. 90.
1731:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1688:Bosworth 1969
1684:
1678:, p. 41.
1677:
1672:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1581:
1580:Bosworth 1995
1576:
1574:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1527:, p. 24.
1526:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1383:9780198662624
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1329:, p. 15.
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1138:
1135:Conquered by
1127:
1115:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1083:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1049:
1037:
1027:
1023:
1010:
998:
994:
982:
970:
966:
954:
942:
938:
922:
911:
901:
897:
885:
873:
869:
857:
842:
832:
828:
824:
819:
810:Titular Name
808:
800:
798:
794:
790:
789:C.E. Bosworth
787:According to
785:
783:
782:Nizam al-Mulk
779:
768:
764:
762:
751:
749:
745:
740:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
709:
704:
697:
693:
689:
680:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
628:
624:
618:
617:
610:
606:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
523:
509:
507:
506:tribal chiefs
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
446:
444:
440:
436:
435:Ismail Samani
432:
428:
427:Amr bin Laith
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
297:
288:
284:
262:
260:
257:
256:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
230:
223:
222:
219:
216:
209:
208:
205:
202:
195:
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182:
179:
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174:
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166:
160:
156:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
132:
129:
126:
120:
117:
114:
108:
104:
100:
97:
92:
89:
86:
82:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
47:
42:
37:
27:
22:
8649:Contemporary
8499:Indo-Persian
8487:Nazi Germany
8431:Contemporary
8333:Vijayanagara
8232:Great Seljuk
8143:Thessalonica
8071:Golden Horde
7991:
7711:Carthaginian
7490:Neo-Assyrian
7475:Neo-Sumerian
7392:Bibliography
7193:Human rights
7148:Constitution
7029:Demographics
6784:Hindu Shahis
6599:Hasanwayhids
6537:
6423:Other topics
6407:
6335:Persian name
6274:Islamization
6216:
6176:Architecture
6129:universities
6074:Zoroastrians
6069:Christianity
6059:Baháʼí Faith
6009:Azerbaijanis
5916:Demographics
5730:Construction
5718:Central Bank
5660:Space Agency
5555:Child labour
5390:Principlists
5370:Cyberwarfare
5318:Human rights
5283:Constitution
5078:Azerbaijanis
5047:Indo-Persian
5027:Greater Iran
4898:siege (1980)
4857:1979–present
4569:
4508:early modern
4506:Medieval and
4300:Kura-Araxes
4212:
4115:List of wars
3964:(reinstated)
3924:(reinstated)
3596:
3297:2100–1800 BC
3287:2200–1800 BC
3157:LGBT history
3117:1979–present
3066:Pahlavi Iran
3029:Zand dynasty
2997:Safavid Iran
2960:Qara Qoyunlu
2850:Kurt dynasty
2690:Hasanwayhids
2609:
2490:
2468:Qarinvandids
2372:281 BC–62 BC
2362:312 BC–63 BC
1975:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1895:
1875:
1867:
1853:
1839:
1830:
1805:
1801:
1782:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1710:
1701:
1695:
1683:
1676:Dabashi 2019
1671:
1662:
1656:
1649:Meisami 1999
1632:
1626:
1614:
1594:
1587:
1545:
1541:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1365:
1359:
1350:
1327:Meisami 1999
1322:
1313:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1279:September 3,
1277:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1268:
1259:
1240:
1231:
1143:in 1002 CE.
1130:963–1002 CE
1113:
1103:
1081:
1071:
1035:
1025:
996:
968:
958:اللیث بن علي
940:
909:
899:
871:
840:
830:
786:
777:
776:warrior - a
774:
765:
757:
741:
713:
670:
645:
639:
622:
614:
604:
594:
582:
543:
479:Hindu Shahis
452:
424:
388:Kabul Valley
373:
352:
346:
282:
280:
186:Succeeded by
185:
180:
8237:Khwarezmian
8170:Carolingian
7975:Rashtrakuta
7679:Shaishunaga
7578:Hellenistic
7561:New Kingdom
7551:Old Kingdom
6995:Earthquakes
6779:Turk Shahis
6734:Afghanistan
6440:Tehrangeles
6403:Traditional
6140:Nationality
6078:persecution
6063:persecution
6014:Circassians
5963:Neo-Aramaic
5943:Azerbaijani
5815:State-owned
5740:Health care
5703:Agriculture
5540:Brain drain
5479:Ambassadors
5174:Earthquakes
4711:Aq Qoyunlu
4660:Muzaffarid
4637:Eldiguzids
4629:Anushtegin
4455:Kingdom of
4431:Kingdom of
4423:Kingdom of
4415:Atropatene
4407:Achaemenid
4348:Kingdom of
4293:3400–539 BC
4035:Kushanshahr
3912:US invasion
3647:Khwarezmids
3497:Kabul Shahi
3452:Alchon Huns
3307:1500–535 BC
3248:Afghanistan
3246:History of
2840:Mihrabanids
2800:Hazaraspids
2560:Baduspanids
2438:Paratarajas
2432:19 AD–224/5
1950:History of
1525:Baumer 2016
1347:"Saffarids"
1197:Mihrabanids
1119:ولي الدولة
1098:922–963 CE
1058:912–913 CE
991:910–911 CE
986:محمد بن علي
963:908–910 CE
935:901–908 CE
894:879–901 CE
866:861–879 CE
845:coppersmith
797:Shia Muslim
716:Amr Saffari
706:Coinage of
536:Hindu Shahi
404:Balochistan
396:Tocharistan
382:, annexing
343:Afghanistan
181:Preceded by
8915:Categories
8807:Portuguese
8688:Revival Le
8678:Vietnamese
8321:Later Tran
8291:Vietnamese
8187:Singhasari
8175:Holy Roman
7799:Bulgarian
7735:Satavahana
7706:Phoenician
7642:Achaemenid
7603:Indo-Greek
7583:Macedonian
7497:Babylonian
7153:Loya jirga
7072:Nuristanis
6884:since 1992
6879:Soviet war
6667:Ghaznavids
6646:Banu Ilyas
6594:Shaddadids
6340:Philosophy
6299:newspapers
6280:Literature
6185:architects
6180:Achaemenid
6100:Corruption
5560:Corruption
5400:Reformists
5395:Propaganda
5293:Corruption
5278:Censorship
5221:Lake Urmia
4909:Iran–Iraq
4605:Ghaznavid
4483:AD 224–651
4447:Frataraka
4279:Prehistory
4050:Zabulistan
4025:Kafiristan
4020:Kabulistan
3842:Daoud coup
3677:Qarlughids
3617:Ghaznavids
3527:Tang China
3472:Nezak Huns
3397:155–80? BC
3367:256–125 BC
3357:305–180 BC
3347:312–150 BC
3337:330–312 BC
3327:550–330 BC
3317:728–550 BC
3056:Qajar Iran
2970:Aq Qoyunlu
2954:1370s–1592
2790:Salghurids
2770:Eldiguzids
2740:Shabankara
2714:990/1–1117
2458:Zarmihrids
2378:Fratarakas
2332:Atropatene
2270:652–625 BC
2260:678–550 BC
1269:World Eras
1252:References
1207:Ghaznavids
1082:Abu Ja'far
910:Abul-Hasan
467:Zamindawar
376:Hindu Kush
369:Uzbekistan
365:Tajikistan
307:Persianate
259:Ghaznavids
84:Government
8800:Couronian
8438:Ethiopian
8426:Manchukuo
8381:Brazilian
8227:Ghaznavid
8197:Srivijaya
8148:Trebizond
8133:Byzantine
8115:North Sea
8110:Norwegian
8098:Almoravid
8081:Ilkhanate
8051:Majapahit
8024:Muromachi
7933:Solomonic
7918:Ethiopian
7832:Caliphate
7765:Aragonese
7593:Ptolemaic
7319:Education
7288:Transport
7109:Languages
7082:Qizilbash
7010:Volcanoes
6968:Geography
6630:Ma'munids
6625:Afrighids
6589:Marwanids
6305:Mythology
6211:Calendars
6201:Astronomy
6110:Education
6019:Georgians
6004:Assyrians
5999:Armenians
5925:Languages
5817:companies
5780:Transport
5760:Petroleum
5545:Companies
5484:President
5471:Officials
5405:Terrorism
5354:Air Force
5298:Elections
5236:Provinces
5231:Mountains
5141:Geography
5061:languages
4799:1925–1979
4727:Afsharid
4688:1370–1925
4676:Chobanid
4570:Saffarid
4522:Rashidun
4490:Sasanian
4471:Kings of
4463:Parthian
4439:Seleucid
4380:Scythian
4340:Kassites
4324:Akkadian
4216:Saffarids
3990:Arachosia
3956:2004–2021
3941:2001–2004
3906:1996–2001
3896:1992–1996
3876:1978–1992
3856:1973–1978
3836:1926–1973
3816:1823–1926
3806:1818–1855
3796:1747–1823
3786:1738–1747
3776:1716–1732
3766:1709–1738
3756:1510–1709
3746:1501–1738
3721:1520–1591
3711:1370–1507
3701:1245–1381
3691:1256–1335
3687:Ilkhanate
3681:1224–1266
3671:1226–1245
3661:1219–1226
3651:1215–1231
3641:1037–1194
3597:Saffarids
3387:180–90 BC
3070:1925–1979
3060:1789–1925
3033:1751–1794
3023:1736–1796
3013:1722–1729
3001:1501–1736
2974:1468–1508
2964:1406–1468
2944:1370–1507
2934:1359–1596
2930:Mar'ashis
2924:1349–1504
2914:1335–1357
2904:1337–1376
2900:Sarbadars
2894:1337–1376
2884:1335–1393
2874:1335–1357
2864:1256–1335
2854:1244–1396
2844:1236–1537
2834:1223-1306
2824:1184-1597
2814:1155–1231
2804:1155–1424
2794:1148–1282
2784:1141–1319
2774:1135–1225
2764:1077–1231
2754:1037–1194
2744:1030–1355
2734:1029–1236
2724:1008–1141
2570:Justanids
2540:Bavandids
2408:Characene
2170:1500–1155
2157:2400–2150
2147:2400–1700
2134:2550-2020
2094:3100–2200
2081:3200–2700
2071:3400–2000
2018:6000–5000
915:أبو الحسن
841:al-Saffar
793:Kharijite
778:mutatawwi
767:Persian.
742:In 1002,
662:Khuzestan
650:Khuzestan
636:Expansion
611:to left,
463:Arachosia
296:romanized
8780:Japanese
8743:Scottish
8723:American
8715:Colonial
8644:Imperial
8612:Moroccan
8548:Japanese
8526:Afsharid
8385:Burmese
8371:Austrian
8326:Later Le
8301:Early Le
8286:Venetian
8212:Tiwanaku
8125:Hellenic
8088:Moroccan
8019:Kamakura
8009:Japanese
7992:Saffarid
7945:Georgian
7859:Chalukya
7837:Rashidun
7827:Calakmul
7795:Bruneian
7674:Haryanka
7652:Sasanian
7647:Parthian
7598:Bactrian
7588:Seleucid
7568:Goguryeo
7546:Egyptian
7480:Assyrian
7470:Akkadian
7461:Colonies
7401:Category
7359:War rugs
7354:Religion
7339:Olympics
7268:Taxation
7131:Politics
7092:Turkmens
7077:Pashtuns
7052:Farsiwan
7015:Wildlife
6932:Timeline
6925:By topic
6738:articles
6660:See also
6604:Annazids
6466:Category
6359:football
6350:Scouting
6260:Iranians
6250:Folklore
6046:Religion
5958:Georgian
5938:Armenian
5799:shipping
5794:railways
5784:airlines
5750:Industry
5615:Taxation
5429:Councils
5345:Military
5260:Politics
5241:Wildlife
5206:Caucasus
5088:Persians
5015:See also
4839:Iranian
4806:Pahlavi
4719:Safavid
4695:Timurid
4598:977–1432
4578:Ziyarid
4554:Tahirid
4546:Samanid
4538:Abbasid
4530:Umayyad
4515:632–1090
4332:Lullubi
4316:Elamite
4156:Category
4030:Khorasan
4010:Gandhara
3951:politics
3852:Republic
3752:Safavids
3707:Timurids
3621:963–1187
3607:Samanids
3587:Tahirids
3577:Abbasids
3547:Umayyads
3489:Medieval
3265:Timeline
3237:a series
3235:Part of
3184:Timeline
3142:Monarchs
2720:Kakuyids
2710:Annazids
2704:977–1186
2694:959–1095
2684:955–1070
2674:934–1062
2660:Ilyasids
2654:930–1090
2644:919–1062
2614:861–1003
2564:665–1598
2544:651–1349
2530:Dabuyids
2524:750–1258
2183:1500–500
2163:Kassites
2121:2700–539
2111:3100-675
1977:BCE / BC
1941:a series
1939:Part of
1852:(2015).
1730:Tor 2007
1715:Tor 2007
1441:contempt
1202:Samanids
1181:See also
1087:ابو جعفر
1036:Abu Hafs
771:Religion
748:Khalaf I
724:Samanids
714:In 901,
503:Buddhist
477:and the
449:Founding
443:Samanids
433:against
420:Abbasids
384:Khorasan
361:Pakistan
305:) was a
302:safāryān
142:Medieval
128:Khalaf I
39:861–1002
8847:largest
8842:Empires
8822:Swedish
8817:Spanish
8812:Russian
8775:Italian
8750:Chinese
8738:English
8733:British
8728:Belgian
8703:Vietnam
8693:Tay son
8639:Tsarist
8634:Russian
8629:Ottoman
8595:Dzungar
8590:Khoshut
8563:Mexican
8558:Maratha
8541:Pahlavi
8521:Safavid
8516:Iranian
8443:Haitian
8406:Chinese
8366:Ashanti
8338:Wagadou
8264:Eastern
8259:Western
8242:Timurid
8202:Tibetan
8192:Songhai
8182:Serbian
8103:Almohad
8093:Idrisid
7997:Samanid
7987:Tahirid
7982:Iranian
7960:Kannauj
7940:Genoese
7876:Chinese
7869:Eastern
7864:Western
7852:Fatimid
7847:Abbasid
7842:Umayyad
7815:Burmese
7775:Ayyubid
7770:Angevin
7740:Xianbei
7728:Eastern
7723:Western
7669:Magadha
7632:Iranian
7625:Xiongnu
7610:Hittite
7519:Chinese
7507:Kassite
7456:Ancient
7448:Empires
7378:Outline
7314:Cuisine
7302:Culture
7278:Tourism
7231:Economy
7178:Cabinet
7143:Taliban
7062:Hazaras
6985:Borders
6746:History
6409:Ey Iran
6357: (
6317: (
6293:student
6291: (
6287: (
6272: (
6240:Cuisine
6225:Fashion
6213: (
6193: (
6178: (
6164:Culture
6112: (
6076: (
6061: (
6034:Turkmen
5986: (
5977:Peoples
5948:Kurdish
5904:Society
5805:Tourism
5782: (
5772: (
5762: (
5742: (
5735:Defense
5705: (
5695:Sectors
5682: (
5642: (
5547: (
5528:General
5517:Economy
5407: (
5377: (
5347: (
5300: (
5285: (
5271:General
5226:Islands
5162:largest
5152:Borders
4621:Seljuk
4613:Ghurid
4562:Alavid
4372:Median
4364:Urartu
4286:Ancient
4266:History
4080:Culture
4005:Bactria
3933:Interim
3832:Kingdom
3812:Emirate
3742:Mughals
3717:Arghuns
3697:Kartids
3637:Seljuks
3627:Ghurids
3611:875–999
3601:863–900
3591:821–873
3581:750–821
3571:750-977
3561:680–870
3557:Zunbils
3551:661–750
3541:660–842
3531:660–669
3521:652–661
3501:565–879
3476:484–711
3466:410–557
3456:380–560
3437:320–465
3427:230–651
3274:Ancient
2910:Injuids
2664:932–968
2634:889–929
2604:819–999
2594:821–873
2554:651–760
2534:642–760
2514:661–750
2504:632-661
2492:CE / AD
2452:224–651
2442:125–300
2398:Elymais
2342:–226 AD
2233:720-670
2229:Saparda
2223:750-521
2219:Zikirti
2213:850–616
2209:Mannaea
2203:860–590
2193:911–609
2127:Marhaši
1822:4299615
1808:: 104.
1775:Sources
1562:4299599
1150:Gallery
1139:of the
1064:Samanid
1041:ابو حفص
1020:911 CE
754:Culture
722:by the
683:Decline
673:Abbasid
627:Justice
595:Reverse
591:trisula
550:legend
544:Obverse
491:Badghis
475:Zunbils
441:of the
439:vassals
416:Baghdad
357:warlord
327:Persian
311:Iranian
298::
291:صفاریان
287:Persian
232:Zunbils
73:Persian
59:Capital
33:صفاریان
8785:Mongol
8770:German
8765:French
8755:Danish
8698:Dainam
8673:Tongan
8661:Somali
8656:Sokoto
8622:'Alawi
8600:Kalmyk
8580:Mongol
8573:Second
8553:Korean
8504:Mughal
8494:Indian
8477:German
8470:Second
8460:French
8453:Second
8389:Second
8361:Afghan
8353:Modern
8279:Kyrgyz
8274:Uighur
8269:Second
8249:Turkic
8217:Toltec
8153:Epirus
8138:Nicaea
8061:Mongol
8014:Yamato
7950:Huetar
7808:Second
7745:Rouran
7694:Shunga
7689:Maurya
7664:Kushan
7637:Median
7615:Hunnic
7573:Harsha
7406:Portal
7349:Poetry
7334:Cinema
7258:Mining
7253:Energy
7104:Health
7097:Uzbeks
7087:Tajiks
7057:Gurjar
7047:Baloch
6736:
6476:Portal
6235:Cinema
6217:Nowruz
6114:higher
5988:abroad
5953:Hebrew
5859:Places
5755:Mining
5580:Energy
5157:Cities
5073:Aryans
4792:Modern
4743:Qajar
4586:Buyid
4254:topics
4045:Sistan
4000:Ariana
3734:Modern
3239:on the
2296:Sogdia
2199:Urartu
1943:on the
1903:
1882:
1860:
1820:
1789:
1602:
1560:
1548:: 34.
1418:605756
1416:
1380:
1306:
850:الصفار
816:Reign
696:Shiraz
677:Kerman
654:Kerman
609:Nagari
548:Nagari
540:dirham
493:, and
483:Bamyan
408:Kerman
400:Makran
353:ṣaffār
323:Makran
315:Persia
101:
94:Amir (
63:Zaranj
8835:Lists
8790:Omani
8760:Dutch
8666:Isaaq
8617:Saadi
8585:Oirat
8568:First
8536:Qajar
8465:First
8448:First
8421:China
8394:Third
8254:First
8207:Tikal
8158:Morea
8128:Roman
8046:Latin
8041:Khmer
8036:Kanem
8002:Buyid
7928:Zagwe
7923:Aksum
7913:Chola
7820:First
7803:First
7790:Bornu
7785:Benin
7780:Aztec
7718:Roman
7699:Gupta
7684:Nanda
7620:White
7385:Index
7329:Music
7203:women
7121:Women
7042:Arabs
6370:Music
6355:Sport
6285:Media
6270:Islam
6206:Blogs
6150:Women
6105:Crime
6093:Other
6054:Islam
6024:Kurds
5789:metro
5707:fruit
5665:Setad
4735:Zand
4645:Kart
3968:since
3567:Lawik
2104:Zamua
1818:JSTOR
1558:JSTOR
1414:JSTOR
1223:Notes
607:) in
532:Kabul
499:Islam
487:Balkh
471:Kabul
459:Ayyar
392:Sindh
348:ayyār
8605:Bogd
8531:Zand
8509:Sikh
8416:Qing
8411:Ming
8343:Wari
8311:Tran
8296:Dinh
8066:Yuan
8056:Mali
7965:Pala
7955:Inca
7906:Yuan
7896:Song
7891:Liao
7886:Tang
7659:Kush
7541:Dʿmt
7324:Flag
7198:LGBT
6398:Rock
6383:Jazz
6378:Folk
6244:wine
6029:Jews
5359:Navy
5349:Army
5328:LGBT
4252:Iran
4110:Wars
4090:Name
4015:Iran
3995:Aria
3970:2021
3927:2001
3916:2001
3886:1990
3866:1978
3846:1973
3826:1929
3172:Wars
3137:Name
3107:1979
3097:1979
2117:Elam
1952:Iran
1901:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1802:Iran
1787:ISBN
1600:ISBN
1542:Iran
1378:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1281:2012
1109:أمیر
1104:Amir
1077:أمیر
1072:Amir
1031:أمیر
1026:Amir
1002:أمیر
997:Amir
974:أمیر
969:Amir
946:أمیر
941:Amir
905:أمیر
900:Amir
877:أمیر
872:Amir
836:أمیر
831:Amir
658:Fars
623:’adl
589:"),
587:Raja
495:Ghor
412:Fars
367:and
281:The
167:1002
96:Emir
8683:Mac
8120:Oyo
8029:Edo
7901:Jīn
7881:Sui
7534:Jin
7529:Han
7524:Qin
7067:Kho
6388:Pop
6191:Art
5774:TCI
3443:Rob
1810:doi
1550:doi
1406:doi
1370:doi
694:of
625:, "
616:عدل
465:),
406:),
157:861
8917::
8316:Ho
8306:Ly
2337:c.
2301:c.
2181:c.
2168:c.
2145:c.
2132:c.
2109:c.
2092:c.
2042:c.
2029:c.
2016:c.
2003:c.
1990:c.
1866:.
1816:.
1804:.
1722:^
1641:^
1570:^
1556:.
1544:.
1532:^
1420:.
1412:.
1404:.
1386:.
1376:.
1349:.
1345:.
1334:^
1312:.
1283:.
1267:.
825:.
799:.
652:,
605:ma
489:,
485:,
422:.
410:,
398:,
394:,
390:,
371:.
363:,
317:,
293:,
289::
7463:)
7459:(
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7426:v
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6726:e
6719:t
6712:v
6510:e
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6496:v
6361:)
6321:)
6301:)
6295:)
6276:)
6246:)
6242:(
6221:)
6219:)
6197:)
6187:)
6131:)
6080:)
6065:)
5990:)
5801:)
5776:)
5766:)
5746:)
5709:)
5686:)
5646:)
5551:)
5411:)
5381:)
5361:)
5304:)
5289:)
4244:e
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3949:(
3935:/
3220:e
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3010:)
3006:(
2102:/
1909:.
1888:.
1824:.
1812::
1806:7
1795:.
1608:.
1564:.
1552::
1546:6
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1372::
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