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1069:. Like many previous missions, the international crew was divided into red and blue teams which would work in two 12-hour shifts for around-the-clock operations. Brown, Lee, and Mohri were assigned to the red team, and would conduct experiments while Apt, Davis, and Jemison, assigned to the blue team, would rest, and vice versa. As the mission commander, Gibson was free to work with both teams. Because of the 24-hour schedule, the crew wasn't sent any traditional wake-up calls by mission control.
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out of the 120 in the experiment. While some of the hornets in the bottom container of the experiment remained active through flight day 7, no new nests were created until after the mission's completion, and the average lifespan of the hornets that flew into space was considerably less than that of
840:
As female and male astronauts became more prominently integrated with the shuttle program, NASA enacted an unwritten rule that husband/wife couples would not be assigned to the same mission. However, when Lee and Davis's marriage became known to NASA officials in
January 1991, the officials decided
1072:
Spacelab-J included 24 experiments in materials science and 20 life sciences experiments, the majority of which were sponsored by NASDA and NASA, while 2 were sponsored by collaborative civilian efforts. The
Payload Crew Training Manager was
1414:
1269:
and their ability to build combs in zero-g. However, a failure in the water system resulted in an unexpected rise of the humidity level in the experiment, which resulted in the deaths of 202 out of the 230 hornets and 103
1329:
in weightless condition. The growths, which were photographed 66 times as they developed, spread out in random directions, twisted, and, in some cases, formed spirals. A second experiment to investigate how
1039:
At the beginning of
September, a problem with an oxygen line in the shuttle's main propulsion system was identified, however, it was resolved without forcing a postponement of the mission.
2034:
2201:
1077:, who also worked during the mission as a Crew Interface Coordinator to talk to the crew during their science experiments and relay any concerns from the scientists on the ground.
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2149:
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The mission's primary payload was
Spacelab-J — a joint mission between NASA and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) — which used a crewed
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to keep the assignment as is, given that both crewmembers already had important roles within the upcoming mission. When asked at a NASA press conference if
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2066:(Report). Houston, Texas: Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company – National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 22. 19930016771
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At a news conference
Wednesday in Huntsville, Davis answered "no" when asked if there would be sexual experiments on the seven-day mission.
1282:(GAS) canisters (10 with experiments, 2 with ballast) were carried in the payload bay. Among the GAS canisters was G-102, sponsored by the
1334:
formed in space failed to operate correctly due to friction in parts of the mechanism. On its return, the experiment was exhibited in the
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research experiments. Another experiment she participated in was to induce female frogs to ovulate, fertilize the eggs, and then see how
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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Aboard the
Spacelab Japan module, Jemison tested NASA's Fluid Therapy System, a set of procedures and equipment to produce
2153:
1250:(SAREX II). External experiments using the Ultraviolet Plume Imager (UVPI) on the LACE satellite and observations at the
4459:
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
2256:
1997:
903:
882:
813:
3613:
3536:
1302:
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The mission, scheduled to end on
September 19, 1992, was extended for one more day to complete certain experiments.
2285:
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1727:
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3504:
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3449:
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612:, the first African-American woman to go to space, and the only married couple to fly together on the shuttle,
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53:
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ISAIAH was the first microgravity experiment flown for the Israel Space Agency (ISA). Originating from
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1471:
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Alternate crew and support staff photo, featuring the seven crewmembers and spacesuit technician
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1421:
340:
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Investigation About
Hornets (ISAIAH), the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE), and the
1171:
were trained to use the
Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), a technique developed by
3514:
1992:
1335:
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and was the first space experiment created entirely by members of the Boy Scouts of
America.
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315:
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1219:
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600:-J, a collaborative laboratory inside the shuttle's payload bay sponsored by NASA and the
596:. The mission mainly involved conducting experiments in life and material sciences inside
8:
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1211:
1172:
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823:
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73:
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Miller, Fletcher; Niederhaus, Charles; Barlow, Karen; Griffin, DeVon (January 8, 2007).
3605:
1933:
1443:
1313:, which, at the time, was a girls-only school. The school had won a competition run by
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on September 12, 1992, and was the first on-time mission without launch delays since
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1937:
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to help patients monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for
1331:
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1322:
1317:. The experiments were contained in G-520. The first one injected a few grams of
1184:
1161:
424:
1385:
STS-47 crew pose for a portrait inside the Spacelab-J module during the mission.
1275:
the control group. None of the hornet pupae that flew into space metamorphized.
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While in orbit, Jemison planned to speak from orbit on a live TV conference to
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1601:. Vol. 172, no. 44. Access Intelligence, LLC. September 2, 1992
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On the middeck, a variety of experiments were conducted, including the
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1663:"Of Marriage, Medaka Fish and Multiculturalism: The Legacy of STS-47"
1227:
899:
845:
would be taking place on the mission, Davis denied that possibility.
756:
617:
521:
257:
1904:. Reno, Nevada: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
28:
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597:
58:
41:
1865:"Atmosphere of Freedom: 75 Years at the NASA Ames Research Center"
1349:. The event was planned for September 16, 1992, at 7:00 p.m.
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1960:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1647:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Most of my work was with Spacelab flight, especially Spacelab J
1215:
1153:
1117:
563:
557:
507:
515:
4082:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2580:
1988:"1st Black Woman in Space Taking One Small Step for Equality"
1892:
1628:. NASA/KSC Information Technology Directorate. Archived from
1271:
1109:
1105:
1097:
894:
873:
799:
441:
431:
1524:. Johnson Space Center, Houston: UPI Archives. March 6, 1991
1265:, it was intended to observe the effects of microgravity on
620:, which had been against NASA policy prior to this mission.
134:
7 days, 22 hours, 30 minutes, 24 seconds
1306:
1157:
578:
83:
1148:(carp), cultured animal and plant cells, chicken embryos,
1345:
grade-school students at an event hosted by NASA and the
1145:
3635:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1626:
Kennedy Space Center Science, Technology and Engineering
1595:"Shuttle launch set for September 12 but problem exists"
1080:
Materials science investigations covered such fields as
489:
Israel Space Agency Investigation About Hornets (ISAIAH)
1214:, developed by Sterimatics Corporation. She then used
2092:. Israel Aerospace Medicine Institute. Archived from
1710:
1222:, to use the water from the previous step to produce
2307:
2152:. The New Scientist. January 2, 1993. Archived from
1433:
1226:
in space. Jemison was also a co-investigator of two
1116:
measurements. Life sciences included experiments on
2177:"Astronaut Mae Jemison to Speak with Chicago Youth"
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1832:"NASA Commercializes Method For Health Improvement"
1042:STS-47 launched from Pad 39B at 10:23:00 a.m.
608:, the first Japanese astronaut aboard the shuttle,
4473:
2121:. New York: Springer Praxis Books. p. 285.
2012:
1902:45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit
1895:"Intravenous Solutions for Exploration Missions"
1518:"Married astronauts can fly together, NASA says"
2530:
1752:
1301:Also on board were two experiments prepared by
2118:Partnership in Space: The Mid to Late Nineties
1544:"Shuttle couple ready for launch in September"
1286:'s Exploring Division in cooperation with the
3621:
2516:
2293:
1953:"Dr. Mae C. Jemison: Astronaut and Visionary"
1503:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2273:National Archives and Records Administration
2202:"1981-1999 Space Shuttle Mission Chronology"
2182:(Press release). Houston: NASA. p. 120
492:Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX-II)
3628:
3614:
2523:
2509:
2300:
2286:
2028:"Space Shuttle Mission STS-47 – Press Kit"
602:National Space Development Agency of Japan
514:
506:
495:Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE)
121:
101:
27:
2026:Orloff, Richard W., ed. (January 2001) .
1944:
1917:
1550:. Times Publishing Company. June 13, 1992
2262:STS-47 NASA Post-flight press conference
1619:
1237:
1197:
1023:
926:
2247:STS-47 Mission Highlights Resource Tape
2000:from the original on September 12, 2017
1967:from the original on September 12, 2017
1829:
1794:
589:, as well as the second mission of the
4474:
2252:STS-47 Launch Flight and Landing Recap
2058:
2025:
1950:
1797:"NASA Contributes to Improving Health"
1347:Chicago Museum of Science and Industry
3609:
2504:
2281:
2114:
2059:Fricke, Robert W. (October 1, 1992).
1862:
1830:Steiner, Victoria (January 7, 2003).
1698:from the original on February 3, 2024
1691:. NASA History Division. p. 24.
1683:
1677:
1660:
1019:
862:
637:
142:5,265,523 km (3,271,844 mi)
2175:Carr, Jeffrey (September 14, 1992).
2174:
1985:
2240:
2061:STS-47 Space Shuttle Mission Report
1856:
1823:
1144:. Test subjects included the crew,
13:
2040:from the original on June 27, 2023
1986:Dunn, Marcia (September 8, 1992).
1501:from websites or documents of the
1303:Ashford School of Art & Design
1218:and a mixing method, developed by
14:
4498:
2257:STS-47 Post-flight Crew Narration
2223:
1951:Greene, Nick (October 17, 1956).
1795:Cowings, Patricia (Summer 2003).
1254:(AMOS) were also conducted while
949:Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck.
189:117,335 kg (258,679 lb)
2455:
1780:
1740:
1721:
1642:
1497: This article incorporates
1492:
1436:
1413:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1248:Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment
943:
914:
893:
872:
829:
822:
807:
798:
783:
774:
759:
750:
735:
726:
709:
700:
685:
676:
661:
656:
647:
197:99,450 kg (219,250 lb)
16:1992 American crewed spaceflight
2194:
2168:
2150:"Late bloom for crystal garden"
2142:
2108:
2078:
2052:
1979:
1886:
1788:
1684:Fries, Colin (March 13, 2015).
1661:Evans, Ben (October 28, 2012).
1620:Dumoulin, Jim (June 29, 2001).
1167:Jemison and Japanese astronaut
951:Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck.
498:Ultraviolet Plume Imager (UVPI)
205:12,485 kg (27,525 lb)
1654:
1613:
1587:
1565:
1536:
1510:
1457:List of Space Shuttle missions
1252:Air Force Maui Optical Station
848:
604:(NASDA). This mission carried
484:Air Force Maui Optical Station
113:
40:s payload bay, serving as the
1:
1487:
1424:, front center, among others.
1288:TRW Systems Integration Group
2268:STS-47 In-flight Photographs
1774:– via Newspapers.com.
1686:"Chronology of Wakeup Calls"
367:September 20, 1992, 12:53:24
363:September 20, 1992, 12:53:24
297:September 12, 1992, 14:23:00
293:September 12, 1992, 14:23:00
7:
4487:Spacecraft launched in 1992
3596:indicates failure missions.
2532:U.S. Space Shuttle missions
2008:– via Newspapers.com.
1429:
1315:Independent Television News
1234:developed in zero gravity.
1206:crewmembers inside Spacelab
54:Space Transportation System
10:
4503:
2560:Approach and Landing Tests
1722:NASA. Ryba, Jeanne (ed.).
1522:United Press International
1452:List of human spaceflights
1359:
4457:
4373:
4317:
4213:
4166:
4092:
3962:
3891:
3858:
3793:
3753:
3706:
3660:
3592:
3513:
3440:
3385:
3163:
2782:
2570:
2549:
2538:
2486:California Science Center
2478:
2464:
2453:
2319:
2230:STS-47 Media Resource Kit
1872:NASA Ames Research Center
1837:NASA Ames Research Center
1012:
1004:
985:
966:
958:
942:
912:
909:
891:
888:
870:
867:
821:
796:
793:
772:
769:
748:
745:
724:
719:
698:
695:
674:
671:
645:
642:
505:
479:
474:
470:
460:
450:
446:310 km (190 mi)
440:
436:297 km (185 mi)
430:
420:
410:
405:
401:
397:
386:
359:
354:
350:
346:
336:
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289:
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230:
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185:
167:
162:
158:
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146:
138:
130:
110:
89:
79:
69:
65:
49:
26:
1863:Bugos, Glenn E. (2014).
1472:Outline of space science
1294:. The project was named
1193:stress-related disorders
1402:Hurricane Bonnie (1992)
623:
392:SLF Runway 33
33:Spacelab Module LM2 in
4482:Space Shuttle missions
1499:public domain material
1207:
1120:, cell separation and
1036:
341:Rockwell International
1993:The Titusville Herald
1404:photographed onboard
1336:London Science Museum
1284:Boy Scouts of America
1238:Secondary Experiments
1201:
1126:developmental biology
1059:microgravity research
1027:
927:Crew seat assignments
794:Payload Specialist 1
770:Mission Specialist 4
746:Mission Specialist 3
696:Mission Specialist 1
551:Space Shuttle program
411:Reference system
163:Spacecraft properties
74:Microgravity research
3644:Orbital launches in
1760:"'October Sky' high"
1086:electronic materials
920:Stanley L. Koszelak
720:Mission Specialist 2
512:STS-47 mission patch
2115:Evans, Ben (2014).
2096:on December 3, 2018
1807:(2). Archived from
1632:on January 28, 2022
1263:Tel-Aviv University
1244:Israel Space Agency
1212:water for injection
1173:Patricia S. Cowings
1160:and frog eggs, and
1094:transport phenomena
910:Payload Specialist
889:Payload Specialist
868:Payload Specialist
854:
843:intimate activities
834:Member of Red Team
827:Member of Blue Team
741:Second spaceflight
715:Second spaceflight
667:Fourth spaceflight
629:
23:
2207:. NASA. p. 26
1910:10.2514/6.2007-544
1811:on October 4, 2011
1444:Spaceflight portal
1208:
1181:autogenic training
1142:biological rhythms
1057:module to conduct
1037:
1020:Mission highlights
853:
817:First spaceflight
765:First spaceflight
691:First spaceflight
628:
406:Orbital parameters
139:Distance travelled
21:
4469:
4468:
3603:
3602:
3436:
3435:
2498:
2497:
2128:978-1-4614-3278-4
2086:"IAMI – Projects"
1929:978-1-62410-012-3
1874:. pp. 159–61
1292:Fairfax, Virginia
1220:Baxter Healthcare
1146:Japanese koi fish
1017:
1016:
924:
923:
838:
837:
789:Only spaceflight
572:
571:
566:(51) →
4494:
4234:DFS-Kopernikus 3
3649:
3648:
3647:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3607:
3606:
2547:
2546:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2459:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2241:Videos and Media
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2156:on March 9, 2010
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2112:
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2101:
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2056:
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2049:
2047:
2045:
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2032:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1921:
1919:2060/20070018153
1899:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1844:on June 26, 2017
1840:. Archived from
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:. March 29, 1999
1756:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1726:. Archived from
1719:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1514:
1496:
1495:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1417:
1394:
1382:
1373:Launch of STS-47
1370:
1280:Get Away Special
1267:oriental hornets
1162:oriental hornets
1134:human physiology
947:
931:
930:
919:
918:
898:
897:
877:
876:
855:
852:
833:
826:
811:
803:
802:
787:
779:
778:
763:
755:
754:
739:
731:
730:
722:Flight Engineer
713:
705:
704:
689:
681:
680:
665:
660:
654:Robert L. Gibson
652:
651:
630:
627:
518:
510:
432:Perigee altitude
415:Geocentric orbit
381:
377:
373:
370:
368:
314:
310:
303:
300:
298:
285:Start of mission
238:Robert L. Gibson
175:
147:Orbits completed
131:Mission duration
126:
125:
115:
106:
105:
99:
39:
31:
24:
20:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4453:
4386:Molniya-3 No.56
4369:
4360:Gorizont No.38L
4313:
4238:Molniya-3 No.50
4209:
4162:
4138:Resurs-F1 No.54
4088:
4029:Gorizont No.37L
3958:
3942:Resurs-F1 No.55
3887:
3854:
3806:Gorizont No.36L
3789:
3749:
3702:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3604:
3599:
3588:
3509:
3432:
3381:
3159:
2778:
2566:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2499:
2494:
2474:
2460:
2451:
2315:
2306:
2243:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1949:
1945:
1930:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1801:NASA Innovation
1793:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1730:on May 14, 2023
1720:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1665:. America Space
1659:
1655:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1553:
1551:
1548:Tampa Bay Times
1542:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1493:
1490:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1425:
1422:Sharon McDougle
1418:
1409:
1395:
1386:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1362:
1332:Liesegang rings
1327:chemical garden
1323:sodium silicate
1240:
1224:saline solution
1185:motion sickness
1156:, plant seeds,
1138:space radiation
1022:
950:
948:
929:
913:
892:
871:
851:
828:
816:
797:
788:
773:
764:
749:
740:
725:
721:
714:
699:
690:
675:
666:
646:
626:
585:mission of the
568:
567:
561:
553:
540:
519:
513:
511:
501:
442:Apogee altitude
425:Low Earth orbit
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
312:
308:
301:
296:
294:
272:
171:
120:
100:
95:
57:
45:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4500:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4467:
4466:
4462:Crewed flights
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4309:Ekran-M No.15L
4306:
4301:
4296:
4286:
4270:
4265:
4240:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4190:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4148:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4110:TOPEX/Poseidon
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4070:
4065:
4052:
4045:
4040:
4031:
4026:
4001:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3845:Resurs-F2 No.8
3842:
3837:
3832:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3651:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3527:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2309:Space Shuttle
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2235:Project POSTAR
2232:
2225:
2224:External links
2222:
2219:
2218:
2193:
2167:
2141:
2127:
2107:
2077:
2051:
2011:
1978:
1943:
1928:
1885:
1855:
1822:
1787:
1751:
1709:
1676:
1653:
1612:
1586:
1564:
1535:
1508:
1507:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1477:Project POSTAR
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1321:crystals to a
1319:cobalt nitrate
1311:United Kingdom
1296:Project POSTAR
1258:was in orbit.
1239:
1236:
1136:and behavior,
1090:fluid dynamics
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
992:
988:
987:
984:
980:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
961:
960:
957:
953:
952:
941:
938:
935:
928:
925:
922:
921:
911:
907:
906:
890:
886:
885:
869:
865:
864:
861:
850:
847:
836:
835:
819:
818:
795:
791:
790:
771:
767:
766:
747:
743:
742:
723:
717:
716:
697:
693:
692:
673:
669:
668:
644:
640:
639:
636:
625:
622:
591:Space Shuttle
570:
569:
562:
555:
554:
549:
503:
502:
500:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
480:
477:
476:
472:
471:
468:
467:
464:
458:
457:
454:
448:
447:
444:
438:
437:
434:
428:
427:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
407:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
388:
384:
383:
361:
357:
356:
355:End of mission
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
338:
334:
333:
324:
320:
319:
291:
287:
286:
282:
281:
278:
277:
274:
273:
271:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
234:
232:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
117:
108:
107:
93:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
62:
51:
47:
46:
44:-J laboratory.
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4499:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4463:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4289:Progress M-15
4287:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4205:Mars Observer
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4146:Pion-Germes 2
4143:
4142:Pion-Germes 1
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:Progress M-14
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Eutelsat-2 F4
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3954:Progress M-13
3952:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:Progress M-12
3833:
3831:
3830:Inmarsat-2 F4
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Progress M-11
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3639:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3561:investigation
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
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1764:Florida Today
1761:
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583:Space Shuttle
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4100:Molniya 1-84
4072:
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3741:Superbird B1
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2209:. Retrieved
2196:
2184:. Retrieved
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2154:the original
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2117:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:the original
2089:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2002:. Retrieved
1991:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1956:
1946:
1901:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1871:
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1842:the original
1835:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:the original
1804:
1800:
1790:
1775:
1768:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1732:. Retrieved
1728:the original
1700:. Retrieved
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1656:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:the original
1625:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1575:. Spacefacts
1567:
1559:
1552:. Retrieved
1547:
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1521:
1512:
1491:
1405:
1355:
1351:central time
1340:
1325:to create a
1300:
1277:
1260:
1255:
1241:
1209:
1203:
1169:Mamoru Mohri
1166:
1118:human health
1114:acceleration
1079:
1075:Homer Hickam
1071:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1032:
879:Chiaki Mukai
839:
805:Mamoru Mohri
683:Curtis Brown
606:Mamoru Mohri
592:
574:
573:
387:Landing site
374:UTC (8:53:24
360:Landing date
268:Mamoru Mohri
243:Curtis Brown
202:Payload mass
194:Landing mass
178:
70:Mission type
34:
18:
4449:Kosmos 2229
4444:Kosmos 2228
4439:Kosmos 2227
4434:Kosmos 2225
4429:Kosmos 2226
4414:Kosmos 2224
4409:Kosmos 2223
4355:Kosmos 2222
4350:Kosmos 2221
4335:Kosmos 2220
4330:Kosmos 2219
4304:Kosmos 2218
4268:Kosmos 2217
4263:Kosmos 2216
4259:Kosmos 2215
4255:Kosmos 2214
4251:Kosmos 2213
4247:Kosmos 2212
4243:Kosmos 2211
4230:Foton No.8L
4200:Kosmos 2210
4184:Hispasat 1A
4179:Kosmos 2209
4123:Kosmos 2208
4068:Kosmos 2207
4063:Kosmos 2206
4059:Kosmos 2205
4055:Kosmos 2204
4049:Soyuz TM-15
4043:Kosmos 2203
4024:Kosmos 2202
4020:Kosmos 2201
4016:Kosmos 2200
4012:Kosmos 2199
4008:Kosmos 2198
4004:Kosmos 2197
3990:Kosmos 2196
3970:Kosmos 2195
3927:Kosmos 2194
3923:Kosmos 2193
3919:Kosmos 2192
3915:Kosmos 2191
3911:Kosmos 2190
3907:Kosmos 2189
3903:Kosmos 2188
3899:Kosmos 2187
3883:Kosmos 2186
3850:Kosmos 2185
3821:Kosmos 2184
3811:Kosmos 2183
3801:Kosmos 2182
3777:Soyuz TM-14
3766:Kosmos 2181
3731:Kosmos 2180
3698:Kosmos 2179
3694:Kosmos 2178
3690:Kosmos 2177
3680:Kosmos 2176
3668:Kosmos 2175
2490:Los Angeles
2211:January 29,
2186:January 27,
2134:January 26,
2044:February 5,
1770:February 8,
1734:January 26,
1702:February 8,
1669:January 27,
1636:January 27,
1554:January 27,
1528:February 8,
1177:biofeedback
1150:fruit flies
849:Backup crew
781:Mae Jemison
707:Mark C. Lee
614:Mark C. Lee
610:Mae Jemison
541:Front row:
475:Instruments
452:Inclination
323:Launch site
290:Launch date
263:Mae Jemison
248:Mark C. Lee
186:Launch mass
4476:Categories
4325:Resurs 500
3937:Intelsat K
3826:Telecom 2B
3745:Arabsat 1C
3583:Enterprise
3531:Challenger
2479:On display
1488:References
1175:that uses
863:Astronaut
733:Jerome Apt
643:Commander
638:Astronaut
520:Back row:
337:Contractor
253:Jerome Apt
168:Spacecraft
4188:Satcom C3
4167:September
4158:Satcom C4
4152:Galaxy 1R
4114:Uribyol 1
3873:Palapa B4
3576:Endeavour
3569:Discovery
3442:Cancelled
2539:Completed
2311:Endeavour
1957:ThoughtCo
1406:Endeavour
1256:Endeavour
1228:bone cell
1204:Endeavour
1063:materials
1050:in 1985.
1033:Endeavour
900:Takao Doi
757:Jan Davis
618:Jan Davis
593:Endeavour
390:Kennedy,
258:Jan Davis
223:Crew size
179:Endeavour
97:1992-061A
91:COSPAR ID
35:Endeavour
4424:Optus B2
4374:December
4318:November
4299:Galaxy 7
4293:Znamya-2
4279:LAGEOS-2
4128:Optus B1
3995:INSAT-2A
3771:Galaxy 5
3707:February
3556:disaster
3550:Columbia
3537:disaster
3524:Atlantis
3515:Orbiters
3485:STS-61-J
3480:STS-61-M
3475:STS-62-A
3470:STS-61-H
3465:STS-61-G
3460:STS-61-F
3455:STS-61-E
3450:STS-41-F
2726:STS-51-L
2721:STS-61-C
2711:STS-61-B
2706:STS-61-A
2701:STS-51-J
2696:STS-51-I
2691:STS-51-F
2686:STS-51-G
2681:STS-51-B
2676:STS-51-D
2671:STS-51-C
2661:STS-51-A
2656:STS-41-G
2651:STS-41-D
2646:STS-41-C
2641:STS-41-B
2314:(OV-105)
2035:Archived
2033:. NASA.
1998:Archived
1965:Archived
1724:"STS-47"
1693:Archived
1622:"STS-47"
1605:July 10,
1579:March 4,
1573:"STS-47"
1467:Spacelab
1430:See also
1232:tadpoles
1102:ceramics
1055:Spacelab
1048:STS-61-B
1005:Jemison
940:Landing
859:Position
634:Position
598:Spacelab
581:'s 50th
80:Operator
59:Spacelab
42:Spacelab
4402:ODERACS
4214:October
4034:Geotail
3878:SROSS-C
3715:Unnamed
3661:January
3500:STS-400
3495:STS-3xx
3490:STS-144
3426:STS-135
3421:STS-134
3416:STS-133
3406:STS-132
3401:STS-131
3396:STS-130
3375:STS-129
3370:STS-128
3365:STS-127
3360:STS-125
3355:STS-119
3345:STS-126
3340:STS-124
3335:STS-123
3330:STS-122
3320:STS-120
3315:STS-118
3310:STS-117
3300:STS-116
3295:STS-115
3290:STS-121
3280:STS-114
3269:STS-107
3259:STS-113
3254:STS-112
3249:STS-111
3244:STS-110
3239:STS-109
3229:STS-108
3224:STS-105
3219:STS-104
3214:STS-100
3209:STS-102
3184:STS-106
3179:STS-101
3153:STS-103
2542:(crews)
2471:Retired
2447:STS-134
2442:STS-130
2437:STS-127
2432:STS-126
2427:STS-123
2422:STS-118
2417:STS-113
2412:STS-111
2407:STS-108
2402:STS-100
2320:Flights
2271:at the
2100:May 19,
2070:May 19,
1961:Dotdash
1938:4692452
1878:June 3,
1848:June 3,
1360:Gallery
1343:Chicago
1278:Twelve
1216:IV bags
1202:STS-47
1189:anxiety
1122:biology
959:Gibson
937:Launch
587:program
534:Jemison
365: (
327:Kennedy
295: (
231:Members
112:SATCAT
4419:USA-87
4397:USA-89
4392:STS-53
4365:USA-86
4345:USA-85
4340:MSTI-1
4274:STS-52
4221:FSW-14
4194:STS-47
4174:USA-84
4105:FSW-13
4093:August
4079:EURECA
4074:STS-46
3985:USA-83
3980:SAMPEX
3975:USA-82
3948:STS-50
3867:STS-49
3840:USA-81
3816:USA-80
3784:STS-45
3736:USA-79
3726:Fuyo 1
3721:USA-78
3674:STS-42
3653:1993 →
3638:← 1991
3542:report
3505:Others
3204:STS-98
3194:STS-97
3189:STS-92
3174:STS-99
3148:STS-93
3143:STS-96
3133:STS-88
3128:STS-95
3123:STS-91
3118:STS-90
3113:STS-89
3103:STS-87
3098:STS-86
3093:STS-85
3088:STS-94
3083:STS-84
3078:STS-83
3073:STS-82
3068:STS-81
3058:STS-80
3053:STS-79
3048:STS-78
3043:STS-77
3038:STS-76
3033:STS-75
3028:STS-72
3018:STS-74
3013:STS-73
3008:STS-69
3003:STS-70
2998:STS-71
2993:STS-67
2988:STS-63
2978:STS-66
2973:STS-68
2968:STS-64
2963:STS-65
2958:STS-59
2953:STS-62
2948:STS-60
2938:STS-61
2933:STS-58
2928:STS-51
2923:STS-57
2918:STS-55
2913:STS-56
2908:STS-54
2898:STS-53
2893:STS-52
2888:STS-47
2883:STS-46
2878:STS-50
2873:STS-49
2868:STS-45
2863:STS-42
2853:STS-44
2848:STS-48
2843:STS-43
2838:STS-40
2833:STS-39
2828:STS-37
2818:STS-35
2813:STS-38
2808:STS-41
2803:STS-31
2798:STS-36
2793:STS-32
2772:STS-33
2767:STS-34
2762:STS-28
2757:STS-30
2752:STS-29
2742:STS-27
2737:STS-26
2465:Status
2397:STS-97
2392:STS-99
2387:STS-88
2382:STS-89
2377:STS-77
2372:STS-72
2367:STS-69
2362:STS-67
2357:STS-68
2352:STS-59
2347:STS-61
2342:STS-57
2337:STS-54
2332:STS-47
2327:STS-49
2125:
1936:
1926:
1140:, and
1130:animal
1112:, and
1110:alloys
1106:metals
1013:Mohri
994:Davis
978:Davis
967:Brown
672:Pilot
575:STS-47
564:STS-52
558:STS-46
530:Gibson
486:(AMOS)
462:Period
456:57.02°
421:Regime
380:
376:
372:
331:LC-39B
313:
309:
307:(10:23
302:
22:STS-47
4225:Freja
4118:S80/T
4083:TSS-1
3794:April
3754:March
3412:2011
3392:2010
3386:2010s
3351:2009
3326:2008
3306:2007
3286:2006
3276:2005
3265:2003
3235:2002
3200:2001
3170:2000
3164:2000s
3139:1999
3109:1998
3064:1997
3024:1996
2984:1995
2944:1994
2904:1993
2859:1992
2824:1991
2789:1990
2783:1990s
2748:1989
2733:1988
2717:1986
2667:1985
2637:1984
2631:STS-9
2626:STS-8
2621:STS-7
2616:STS-6
2612:1983
2606:STS-5
2601:STS-4
2596:STS-3
2592:1982
2586:STS-2
2581:STS-1
2577:1981
2571:1980s
2556:1977
2550:1970s
2205:(PDF)
2180:(PDF)
2064:(PDF)
2038:(PDF)
2031:(PDF)
1934:S2CID
1898:(PDF)
1868:(PDF)
1696:(PDF)
1689:(PDF)
1272:pupae
1158:frogs
1154:fungi
1098:glass
934:Seat
904:NASDA
883:NASDA
814:NASDA
577:was
547:Brown
538:Mohri
522:Davis
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119:22120
50:Names
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4038:DUVE
3963:July
3932:EUVE
3892:June
3646:1992
2213:2022
2188:2022
2162:2010
2136:2022
2123:ISBN
2102:2022
2090:IAMI
2072:2022
2046:2024
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1973:2011
1924:ISBN
1880:2019
1850:2019
1817:2011
1772:2022
1736:2022
1704:2024
1671:2022
1638:2022
1607:2022
1581:2014
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1530:2022
1307:Kent
1191:and
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1132:and
1108:and
1100:and
1092:and
1065:and
997:Lee
986:Apt
975:Lee
624:Crew
616:and
579:NASA
560:(49)
382:EDT)
218:Crew
84:NASA
4283:CTA
3859:May
1914:hdl
1906:doi
1400:of
1398:Eye
1305:in
1061:in
1044:EDT
543:Apt
526:Lee
316:EDT
305:UTC
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114:no.
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