122:
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About 60 actors who had had contact with James or Roxx were barred from working until HIV tests were completed and they were declared HIV negative. A further estimated 130 actors who had had contact with James were tested and received an HIV-negative result. A total of five actors were diagnosed with the virus by the end of the moratorium: one male and four females, including one transgender woman named
Jennifer.
226:(AIM) as HIV positive. It was alleged that he had hidden his HIV positive status for two years, with rumors that he accomplished this by using fake blood work through several HIV testing cycles to continue working. This speculation has been disputed and investigated using Wallice's tests, but it has not been doubted that during this period Wallice infected seven women on the set: Brooke Ashley,
270:
cases did not involve actors in production companies that followed their testing protocols and included members of the general public who used AIM Healthcare testing services or individuals attempting to work in the porn industry who never were able to obtain employment in adult films because of their failure to provide proof of negative status for HIV or other STIs.
324:, Burts continued taking part in unprotected sex in films before quitting once he was diagnosed as being HIV positive. He was informed by the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation that he had contracted the disease, which according to Burts, he received on a set outside the AIM system, while having oral sex scene with another "
577:
the condom in your vagina or anus is...impossible. And to do this daily amounts to an occupational work hazard. Of course, due to the lack of respect towards the adult business and blatant disregard from society regarding the sexual comfort or even opinions of female performers, none of this mattered. No one asked us.
495:
during sexually explicit scenes. Industry insiders say this would ruin sales of their wares since the unprotected content is one of the selling points of some of their films. They say the wearing of condoms ruins the sexual fantasies of many viewers. Insiders say that such regulation would force the
269:
In June 2009, AIM reported that a female adult entertainer had tested positive, though it was believed that transmission occurred in her private life. LA County Public Health claimed that there had been 16 "unreported" HIV cases in the adult film industry. The AIM Healthcare
Foundation claimed those
265:
The heterosexual segment of the porn industry voluntarily shut down for 30 days (a 60-day moratorium was originally announced but it was lifted early) while it tried to deal with the situation. Darren James, Jessica Dee, and Lara Roxx were barred from further production of sexually explicit content.
521:
Proponents of the measure claimed pornography performers were significantly more likely to acquire HIV than the general population and that they are generally not given health insurance by their employers and so the tax payer would foot the bill for HIV treatment. Opponents claimed it to be a waste
444:
in the genital mucosa. Advocating the testing method for performers, Hartley said, "Testing works for us, and condoms work for outsiders." Other female performers have also opposed the use of condoms at work. Citing the fact that chances for performers in the industry to contract HIV are much lower
346:
In August 2013, an adult female performer, Cameron Bay, tested HIV positive. In response, FSC organized an industry wide moratorium from August 21 to August 27. On
September 4, Rod Daily, Cameron Bay's ex-boyfriend, announced he had also tested HIV positive. Two days later, a third anonymous female
576:
She didn't know that the dangers of it, like if the condom breaks, and that we could get more STI's with the micro-tears, and just the condoms in general: Swelling, yeast infections, things of that nature—she just had no idea. After hours of sex with no breaks, attempting to endure the friction of
179:
In
February 1986, Holmes was diagnosed as HIV-positive. Six months previously, he had tested negative. During the summer of 1986, Holmes, knowing his HIV status, agreed to perform in two pornographic films to be filmed in Italy, without informing the producers of his HIV status. Performers in one
429:, who did groundbreaking studies on the transmission of STIs, said there's no doubt about the efficiency of the testing method, but he felt little uncomfortable, "because it’s giving the wrong message — that you can have multiple sex partners without condoms — but I can’t say it doesn’t work.
212:. Subsequently, it was revealed that Holmes had consciously chosen not to reveal his HIV status to his producers or co-stars before engaging in unprotected sex for the filming. As his health failed, Holmes disingenuously attributed his condition to colon cancer and first confided that he had
137:
516:
Shall an ordinance be adopted requiring producers of adult films to obtain a County public health permit, to require adult film performers to use condoms while engaged in sex acts, to provide proof of blood borne pathogen training course, to post permit and notices to performers, and making
449:
regulations which made the use of condoms mandatory in pornographic films. Their usage has been called an occupational hazard because of the breakage issues, causation of micro-tears, swelling, and yeast infections; which together all made them more susceptible for STIs.
347:
performer tested positive prompting FSC to organize a second moratorium from
September 6 to September 20. All three infections were found to have taken place off-set. Rumors surfaced of a fourth HIV positive test during September but they were never substantiated.
525:
The adult film industry members claimed that the industry monitors itself, and people will not watch scenes with condoms. The measure passed with 56% voting for and 44% voting against. FSC said it will appeal the law on constitutional grounds.
342:
In June 2013, a gay male performer tested positive for HIV in a routine FSC-conducted blood test. The anonymous performer had previously worked exclusively on condom-only movies. FSC determined that the infection did not take place on-set.
1963:
533:
tried several times to have
California's Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health's Appeals Board force companies in the pornography industry to treat actors and actresses as employees subject to
1888:
3843:
477:
either. A test for HPV isn't normally included in a standard STI screening for people under 30, as many of the HPV strains clear on their own. It's however recommend once for every five years in people above 30.
1542:
Grudzen, CR; Meeker, D; Torres, J; Du, Q; Andersen, RM; Gelberg, L (February 2013). "HIV and STI risk behaviors, knowledge, and testing among female adult film performers as compared to other
California women".
1863:
2640:
362:(AIM Healthcare or AIM) was founded in 1998, and helped to set up a monitoring system for the pornographic film industry in the United States, and pornographic film actors were required to be tested for
421:. According to PASS, there has not be an on-set transmission of HIV on a regulated set since 2004. The industry considers the testing method to be a viable practice for safer sex. Canadian doctor and
1913:
2459:
2012:
1967:
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378:. However AIM closed all its operations in May 2011, forcing the industry to look for other mechanisms for supporting and enforcing regular testing. The gap was filled by the
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4150:
254:. AIM initiated an urgent search for other potentially infected performers. It was discovered that three actresses who had worked with James shortly after his return to the
2078:
3387:
350:
In
December 2013, a male porn actor tested HIV positive, leading FSC to halt production for one week. This infection was also determined to have taken place off-set.
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On
October 12, 2010, AIM reported that an actor or actress had been infected with HIV. The name and gender of the person was not released to the public.
312:
In
December, the HIV positive performer was identified as Derrick Burts. Burts had worked in both heterosexual and gay pornography. Despite contracting
2004:
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of tax dollars because of existing stringent HIV testing protocols and because nobody has contracted HIV on set since 2004 in the United States.
1984:
3134:
2111:
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551:
497:
359:
223:
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Due to this limited outbreak, the California State government considered regulating the industry. Some proposed to mandate the wearing of
4057:
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4170:
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470:
strain unless specifically ordered by the physician. Meanwhile, asymptomatic persons positive for the virus can transmit it sexually.
3628:
3372:
383:
17:
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2029:
500:(AIM Healthcare) worked with the government, to develop policies that both the industry and the government would find acceptable.
2070:
496:
industry underground, out of California or overseas where it would be more prone to health risks for performers. The non-profit
436:, stated that the time required for shooting a scene can be very long, and usage of condoms will be uncomfortable, as it causes
3896:
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1943:
4145:
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856:
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Grudzen, Corita R.; Elliott, Marc N.; Kerndt, Peter R.; Schuster, Mark A.; Brook, Robert H.; Gelberg, Lillian (April 2009).
4576:
2087:
1842:
331:
In August 2011, the industry was temporarily shut down because of news of a performer was testing positive for the virus.
309:
list. Several other porn studios shut down as a preventive measure. At the time, no other performers tested HIV positive.
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2350:
108:
Experts suggest there are a total number of thirty-five infections and diseases that can be transmitted sexually.
2191:
1881:"Wicked Pictures and Vivid Entertainment Suspend Production as a Precaution Amid New HIV Case in Porn Performer"
4832:
4604:
3866:
3683:
3314:
3266:
3160:
3068:
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535:
474:
144:
in 1998 but returned to pornography in 2005 in a film with her boyfriend Eddie Wood, who was also HIV positive.
78:
38:
34:
2391:
462:
recommends screening for Herpes only in symptomatic cases, most STI tests do not include screening for either
4666:
4180:
4160:
3891:
3779:
3326:
3261:
3088:
3073:
2416:
1743:
1727:
339:, confirmed the situation. Production later resumed when a performer was retested and it came back negative.
2664:
4779:
4052:
4040:
3921:
3881:
3423:
3226:
3083:
3042:
2705:"Viral Genealogy Conclusive: Positive Performer from December Moratorium Contracted Virus in Personal Life"
2704:
2211:
2128:
4551:
4247:
4175:
4104:
4062:
3806:
3764:
3648:
2858:
2738:"Condom Use and High-Risk Sexual Acts in Adult Films: A Comparison of Heterosexual and Homosexual Films"
1964:"Marc Wallice Speaks Out on his Role in the HIV Controversy: "Brooke Ashley Is Off Her Fucking Rocker!""
1930:
1818:"Between the sheets: Gay porn star Aiden Shaw does little to illuminate his life in memoir 'My Undoing'"
4241:
4165:
4155:
3886:
3719:
3185:
2612:
557:
530:
3600:
1458:
Caligula and the fight for artistic freedom: the making, marketing and impact of the Bob Guccione film
4715:
4683:
4671:
4624:
4200:
3592:
3195:
3112:
2789:
2107:
1856:"Porn Actor has Tested Positive for HIV; Industry Clinic Officials Confirm a Quarantine is in Effect"
1582:"High Chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence and reinfection among performers in the adult film industry"
4556:
4406:
4279:
3967:
3926:
3302:
390:
242:
as being HIV-positive. It was concluded that James had been infected while engaging in unprotected
2588:
2149:"Lara Roxx Timeline Begs Questions: Darren James got it from Lara Roxx, not the other way around?"
4774:
4646:
4521:
4439:
4341:
3906:
3901:
3402:
3221:
3047:
3004:
2632:
2408:
2182:"Porn Clinic AIM Closes For Good: Valley-Based Industry Scrambles to Find New STD Testing System"
386:(PASS). Since 2011, STI testing for straight pornographic performers is being monitored by them.
121:
46:
222:, a known IV drug user, tested positive for HIV in 1998. On April 30, 1998, he was diagnosed by
4486:
4459:
4449:
4371:
4356:
4254:
4074:
4004:
3811:
3801:
3693:
3572:
3343:
1668:
Rodriguez-Hart, C; Chitale, RA; Rigg, R; Goldstein, BY; Kerndt, PR; Tavrow, P (December 2012).
1517:
1511:
1462:
1481:
238:
After three years of no reported HIV-issues within the industry, in April 2004, AIM diagnosed
4769:
4723:
4661:
4651:
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4496:
4067:
4035:
3972:
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3712:
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3618:
3582:
3351:
3309:
3271:
3078:
3026:
2941:
2926:
539:
379:
336:
152:, a 1980s outbreak of HIV led to the death of 27 porn stars between 1985 and 1992, including
2493:"Los Angeles voters approve mandating condom use by porn performers; industry plans lawsuit"
382:, which set up the Adult Production Health and Safety Services (APHSS) system, now known as
4738:
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4047:
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3673:
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2999:
2900:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2782:
1670:"Sexually transmitted infection testing of adult film performers: is disease being missed?"
467:
463:
375:
161:
2432:
57:, and limiting sexual contact with only fellow tested performers has halted the spread of
8:
4753:
4728:
4696:
4614:
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157:
90:
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3911:
3653:
3643:
3613:
3565:
3560:
3479:
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3165:
2961:
2951:
2936:
2758:
2737:
1699:
1651:
1624:
1611:
1568:
445:
compared to sexually active persons outside the industry, they have vehemently opposed
441:
4827:
4691:
4541:
4511:
4491:
4474:
4381:
4346:
4331:
4316:
4301:
4079:
3989:
3946:
3816:
3689:
3679:
3638:
3633:
3555:
3484:
3292:
3241:
3190:
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2848:
2763:
2516:
1691:
1656:
1603:
1560:
1521:
1489:
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1441:
1420:
216:
in January 1987. He died from AIDS-related complications on March 13, 1988, aged 43.
2548:
1720:"Actor's Positive HIV Test Disrupts Filming as Clinic Traces On-Screen Sex Partners"
1703:
542:
an administrative judge found that the company did have to comply with regulations.
4822:
4748:
4526:
4506:
4501:
4431:
4366:
4109:
3180:
3170:
2981:
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2753:
2745:
2500:
2437:
2270:
2243:
1681:
1646:
1636:
1615:
1593:
1572:
1552:
590:
227:
1825:
4259:
3999:
3769:
3231:
3098:
2994:
2989:
1686:
1669:
1641:
1598:
1581:
1456:
1435:
302:
298:
193:
70:
4210:
3994:
3443:
3175:
3016:
2684:
2545:"AIDS in pornography industry of California contained says adult industry body"
614:
418:
251:
205:
149:
2517:"Measure B: Safer Sex In the Adult Film Industry Act - Los Angeles County, CA"
2456:"How a Straight Adult Performer Convinced Me That Condoms Are Useless in Porn"
2358:
2341:
2316:
2248:
1556:
53:
have been reported. However, since the mid-2000s strict adherence to rigorous
4816:
4190:
4099:
3545:
3514:
3489:
3205:
2853:
2841:
2749:
437:
305:
allow some performers to wear condoms, the company shut down to wait for the
255:
209:
185:
2152:
4225:
3916:
2890:
2767:
1695:
1660:
1607:
1564:
433:
426:
325:
239:
230:, Caroline, Nena Cherry, Jordan McKnight, Barbara Doll, and Kimberly Jade.
219:
189:
176:
in 1989, aged 46. Parker died in 1992 from complications of AIDS, aged 40.
153:
141:
129:
42:
4129:
4030:
3821:
3550:
3453:
2976:
2885:
2805:
2207:
414:
410:
282:
54:
517:
violations of the ordinance subject to civil fines and criminal charges?
4089:
3931:
3759:
3540:
3494:
3474:
3287:
2265:
332:
306:
197:
169:
125:
86:
1906:"HIV Tests Negative for Porn Actors Who Performed with 'Patient Zero'"
602:
512:("Safer Sex In the Adult Film Industry Act") with the following text:
2216:
2186:
1744:"US porn actor's HIV test prompts calls for moratorium on production"
509:
446:
406:
402:
367:
313:
301:
were the first companies to announce a production shutdown. Although
259:
165:
94:
4195:
4094:
3791:
3739:
3608:
3519:
3509:
3418:
2916:
422:
398:
371:
321:
243:
102:
98:
50:
3704:
2005:"Adult Actresses Deliver Petitions to Isadore Hall Office-UPDATED"
1667:
1580:
Goldstein, BY; Steinberg, JK; Aynalem, G; Kerndt, PR (July 2011).
596:
278:
246:
with Brazilian actress Bianca Biaggi during a scene for the video
136:
4119:
3535:
3504:
2895:
2368:"Porn actress' positive HIV test roils adult entertainment world"
2129:"Yet Another HIV-Positive Porn Performer Leads To Third Shutdown"
786:
784:
983:
508:
In the 2012 election, voters in Los Angeles were presented with
4235:
3587:
3321:
2836:
2712:
1579:
620:
492:
486:
74:
2774:
781:
366:, chlamydia and gonorrhea every 30 days, and twice a year for
4151:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
3448:
3331:
3236:
172:
denied that Nichols' death was AIDS-related. Stevens died of
77:, pornographic actors are particularly vulnerable to various
2735:
2030:"STD and HIV Outbreaks in the Porn Industry Since the 1980s"
1854:
Hennessy-Fiske, Molly; Lin II, Rong-Gong (12 October 2010).
4269:
4230:
3021:
1045:
1026:
995:
286:
213:
173:
31:
Sexually transmitted infections in the pornography industry
2641:"FSC Announces Moratorium To Life On Friday, September 20"
1486:
Skinflicks: The Inside Story of the X-Rated Video Industry
720:
718:
3754:
3735:
3393:
Mainstream actors who have appeared in pornographic films
2628:
1351:
971:
394:
363:
82:
58:
3834:
WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease
735:
733:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
168:(1992). When Nichols died in 1985, his fellow porn star
27:
Occupational safety and health issue in the sex industry
2212:"Tasha Tells All...On LA County's Measure B Condom Law"
1387:
959:
715:
188:, who later became a member of the Italian parliament,
4802:
List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
2351:"Viral Load Results Indicate James was 'Patient Zero'"
1944:"The Rift in the Porn World About How to Approach HIV"
1437:
Clone: The Life and Legacy of Al Parker, Gay Superstar
1415:
Basten, Fred; Holmes, Laurie; Holmes, John C. (1998).
1363:
922:
920:
907:
905:
769:
705:
703:
2071:"Unlikely Model in H.I.V. Efforts: Sex Film Industry"
1541:
730:
626:
608:
503:
3388:
Pornographic actors who appeared in mainstream films
1853:
1805:"Derrick Burts: HIV in pornography: the naked truth"
1272:
1175:
989:
796:
757:
690:
688:
686:
4797:
List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
4186:
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
4171:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
2565:"Rod Daily, Gay Porn Star, Says He is HIV Positive"
2334:"Another First-Gen Woman Diagnosed as HIV-Positive"
1332:
1320:
1151:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1064:
1014:
937:
935:
917:
902:
892:
890:
808:
700:
2266:"AVN Reviews: Dirty Debutantes 2005 327 & 328"
2108:"Positive HIV Test Halts Porn Shoots at Companies"
1414:
1284:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1226:
1204:
1202:
1139:
1115:
1056:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHennessy-Fiske2010c (
1037:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHennessy-Fiske2010b (
1006:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHennessy-Fiske2010a (
844:
832:
790:
745:
2533:"Cameron Bay Called Michael Whiteacre Last Night"
2467:Yoshino, Kimi; Lin II, Rong-Gong (12 June 2009).
2409:"Porn Industry Still Struggles With Condom Issue"
1296:
1187:
1163:
875:
863:
820:
683:
4814:
2051:"Porn Star Cameron Bay Opens Up About HIV Scare"
1792:"Condoms Required for CA Porn Performers: Judge"
1214:
1127:
1100:
947:
932:
887:
460:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
393:, performers are tested every fourteen days for
3785:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
3201:Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media
3130:Anti-pornography movement in the United Kingdom
2390:. Turner Entertainment Networks. Archived from
1308:
1255:
1238:
1199:
1076:
1051:
1032:
1001:
671:
659:
647:
258:had also become infected. These were Canadians
3135:Anti-pornography movement in the United States
2162:"Why don't we test for HPV or Herpes in porn?"
1985:"Porn star Cameron Bay tests positive for HIV"
1928:
1903:
1878:
1482:"Chapter 20: AIDS and Other Four-Letter Words"
1375:
3720:
3156:Churchmen's Committee for Decent Publications
2790:
2466:
1622:
1357:
977:
552:Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation
498:Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation
389:Apart from taking necessary precautions like
360:Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation
262:and Miss Arroyo, and Czech-born Jessica Dee.
3434:Brussels International Festival of Eroticism
3429:Barcelona International Erotic Film Festival
1843:"WADD: The Life and Times of John C. Holmes"
1625:"The adult film industry: time to regulate?"
487:Regulations to limit the spread of HIV Virus
453:
3877:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
2543:
1789:
1393:
965:
538:regulation; in a 2014 case brought against
4110:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement
3727:
3713:
2797:
2783:
2689:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2515:
2430:
2239:"Powers Shoots HIV-Positive, Hetero Scene"
2068:
1369:
1343:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCatlett2022 (
775:
641:
69:Because pornographic film making involves
3629:Sexual and reproductive health and rights
2757:
2309:"Test Results Pending for Two Performers"
2106:MOHAJER, SHAYA TAYEFE (13 October 2010).
2088:"Voice of Health in a Pornographic World"
2069:McNeil Jr., Donald G. (5 November 2012).
1929:Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (8 December 2010).
1904:Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (22 October 2010).
1879:Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (12 October 2010).
1685:
1650:
1640:
1597:
1535:
855:sfn error: no target: CITEREFStaff2005c (
384:Performer Availability Screening Services
148:According to former pornographic actress
2585:"Adult Performer Tests Positive for HIV"
2563:
2453:
2385:
1931:"HIV-positive porn performer speaks out"
1479:
1433:
1278:
1181:
802:
724:
709:
277:
135:
120:
2603:
2587:. Sex.com. 17 June 2013. Archived from
2583:
2539:from the original on 29 September 2022.
2454:Williams, Mitchell (21 November 2012).
2406:
2159:
2105:
2085:
1803:Forster, Josephine (23 December 2010).
1802:
1741:
1509:
1338:
1326:
1157:
1094:
1070:
1020:
926:
911:
814:
739:
14:
4838:Research on the effects of pornography
4815:
3140:Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance
2365:
2224:from the original on February 22, 2014
2179:
2048:
2027:
2002:
1961:
1840:
1290:
1232:
1145:
1121:
850:
838:
751:
694:
353:
182:The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empress
4146:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
3708:
2778:
2635:from the original on 12 October 2022.
2531:
2407:Strauss, Eric M. (19 February 2009).
2306:
2288:"Marc Wallice Closer to Vindication?"
2285:
2206:
2126:
1790:Fitz-Gerald, Sean (27 January 2014).
1717:
1510:Various (2008). Patrick, John (ed.).
1454:
1302:
1193:
1169:
881:
869:
826:
763:
2703:
2348:
2331:
2263:
2236:
2146:
2114:from the original on 15 October 2010
2028:Lubben, Shelley (3 September 2013).
1982:
1916:from the original on 24 October 2010
1891:from the original on 16 October 2010
1866:from the original on 13 October 2010
1815:
1764:
1711:
1220:
1133:
1109:
953:
941:
896:
677:
665:
653:
4265:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
3734:
2683:
2663:
2639:
2627:
2127:Miles, Kathleen (6 December 2013).
1941:
1841:Holden, Stephen (12 January 2001).
1314:
1266:
1249:
1208:
1082:
24:
2729:
2711:. 20 December 2013. Archived from
2491:
2431:Viladevall, Ferrán (16 May 2014).
2290:. Adult Video News. Archived from
2160:Roberts, Kelli (25 January 2017).
2081:from the original on 10 July 2022.
1966:. Adult Video News. Archived from
1381:
504:2012 ballot measure in Los Angeles
116:
25:
4854:
3851:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate
3094:List of pornographic film studios
3064:Adult Film Association of America
2742:American Journal of Public Health
2462:from the original on 5 June 2022.
2049:Lupkin, Sydney (23 August 2013).
2015:from the original on 27 June 2014
4312:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3872:AIDS-defining clinical condition
3688:
3678:
3669:
3668:
2685:"CDC – Genital Herpes Screening"
2647:. September 2013. Archived from
2605:"Pyramid of potential infection"
2433:"La mala vida del rey del porno"
2036:(compilation). Morality in Media
1765:Duke, Diane (9 September 2013).
1742:Carroll, Rory (25 August 2013).
1623:Grudzen, CR; Kerndt, PR (2007).
1417:Porn King: The John Holmes Story
1402:
990:Hennessy-Fiske & Lin II 2010
791:Basten, Holmes & Holmes 1998
200:. Performers in the other film,
64:
61:and other STIs in the industry.
45:. Since the 1980s many cases of
2804:
2611:. 16 April 2004. Archived from
2547:. 26 April 2004. Archived from
2469:"More porn HIV cases disclosed"
2366:Sewell, Abby (24 August 2013).
1942:Hay, Mark (27 September 2019).
570:
473:Porn actors are not tested for
79:sexually transmitted infections
39:sexually transmitted infections
3684:Erotica and pornography portal
3161:Feminists Fighting Pornography
3069:Critics Adult Film Association
1962:Kernes, Mark (11 March 1999).
1816:Hamm, Gregory (July 7, 2006).
536:occupational safety and health
481:
35:occupational safety and health
13:
1:
4181:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
4161:International AIDS Conference
4115:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry
4058:Discrimination against people
3089:List of pornography companies
3074:Fans of X-Rated Entertainment
2417:American Broadcasting Company
2180:Romero, Dennis (3 May 2011).
2086:Madigan, Nick (10 May 2004).
2003:Kernes, Mark (23 June 2014).
1728:American Broadcasting Company
1674:Sexually Transmitted Diseases
1586:Sexually Transmitted Diseases
1440:. Alyson Books. p. 205.
584:
4041:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS
3922:HIV Drug Resistance Database
3424:AVN Adult Entertainment Expo
3227:Employee monitoring software
3084:X-Rated Critics Organization
1983:Kemp, Joe (23 August 2013).
1687:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182716e6e
1642:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040126
1599:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318214e408
335:, executive director of the
111:
7:
4342:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
4176:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS
4105:List of HIV-positive people
3649:Imagery of nude celebrities
2744:. 99 Suppl 1 (S1): S152–6.
2535:. TRPWL.com. 18 July 2014.
2151:. Adult FYI. Archived from
545:
10:
4859:
4242:Reports from the Holocaust
4166:International AIDS Society
4156:Elton John AIDS Foundation
3186:Stop Child Trafficking Now
2147:Ross, Gene (27 May 2007).
597:Rodriguez-Hart et al. 2012
558:AIDS Healthcare Foundation
531:AIDS Healthcare Foundation
186:Ilona "Cicciolina" Staller
4792:
4762:
4714:
4682:
4632:
4623:
4595:
4430:
4287:
4278:
4201:Treatment Action Campaign
4138:
4023:
3955:
3917:Tuberculosis co-infection
3859:
3780:disease progression rates
3747:
3664:
3528:
3462:
3411:
3365:
3342:
3280:
3254:
3214:
3196:Women Against Pornography
3148:
3122:
3111:
3056:
3035:
2909:
2819:
2812:
2264:Staff (1 December 2005).
1557:10.1007/s10461-011-0090-0
1358:Grudzen & Kerndt 2007
978:Yoshino & Lin II 2009
454:Limitations and criticism
41:(STIs) by workers in the
18:STDs in the porn industry
4843:STDs in the sex industry
3927:Innate resistance to HIV
3897:Neurocognitive disorders
2750:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127035
2388:"The Wonderland Murders"
2386:Scheeres, Julia (2007).
2237:Staff (11 August 2005).
1480:Jennings, David (2000).
1434:Edmonson, Roger (2000).
1408:
563:
273:
233:
4248:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor
4231:Gay Men's Health Crisis
3907:Opportunistic infection
3403:List of hentai creators
3222:Accountability software
2669:FreeSpeechCoalition.com
2349:Staff (26 April 2004).
2286:Staff (18 March 1999).
1796:NBC Southern California
1718:Allen, Jane E. (2010).
1455:Hawes, William (2009).
202:The Devil In Mr. Holmes
47:pornographic performers
4075:HIV-affected community
4015:HIV and homosexual men
3694:Human sexuality portal
3573:Human female sexuality
1536:Journals and magazines
519:
290:
224:Adult Industry Medical
145:
133:
37:hazard of contracting
4833:Occupational diseases
4255:Silence=Death Project
4053:Criminal transmission
3973:Multiple sex partners
3624:Sex-positive movement
3619:Sex-positive feminism
3583:Human sexual activity
3352:Pornography addiction
3272:Sex-positive feminist
3079:Free Speech Coalition
2645:Free Speech Coalition
2372:The Los Angeles Times
2034:pornharmsresearch.com
1771:Free Speech Coalition
1516:. STARbooks. p.
621:Goldstein et al. 2011
540:Treasure Island Media
514:
432:Pornographic actress
380:Free Speech Coalition
337:Free Speech Coalition
281:
140:Brooke Ashley became
139:
124:
4577:United Arab Emirates
4048:Circumcision and HIV
4005:City of Hope Patient
3765:structure and genome
3578:Human male sexuality
3373:Performers by decade
2458:. Huffington Press.
2332:Staff (5 May 2004).
2011:. Adult Video News.
1052:Hennessy-Fiske 2010c
1033:Hennessy-Fiske 2010b
1002:Hennessy-Fiske 2010a
204:, were Adams, Lynn,
156:(who died in 1985),
4125:AIDS Memorial Quilt
3937:HIV-positive people
3470:Adult movie theater
3383:Gay male performers
2166:Adult Industry News
1989:New York Daily News
1767:"Moratorium Update"
1419:. John Holmes Inc.
609:Grudzen et al. 2013
354:Testing and clinics
295:Vivid Entertainment
4702:Dominican Republic
4085:HIV/AIDS denialism
4010:Women and HIV/AIDS
4000:The London Patient
3867:Signs and symptoms
3775:CDC classification
3644:Stanley v. Georgia
3614:Right to sexuality
3439:Exotic Erotic Ball
3378:British performers
3166:Fight the New Drug
2571:. 4 September 2013
2519:. 17 December 2012
2394:on 24 October 2007
2344:on 21 August 2009.
2092:The New York Times
2075:The New York Times
2055:Nightline ABC News
1777:on 5 December 2013
1488:. David Jennings.
611:, pp. 517–22.
599:, pp. 989–94.
291:
248:Split That Booty 2
146:
134:
4810:
4809:
4788:
4787:
4710:
4709:
4191:The SING Campaign
4080:HIV/AIDS activism
4068:Cost of treatment
3990:Timothy Ray Brown
3985:World AIDS Museum
3702:
3701:
3639:Sexual revolution
3634:Sexual repression
3485:Not safe for work
3250:
3249:
3242:Parental controls
3191:Stop Porn Culture
3107:
3106:
2691:. 11 January 2019
2665:"Moratorium FAQs"
2609:Los Angeles Times
2591:on 27 August 2013
2551:on 15 August 2009
2503:. 8 November 2012
2473:Los Angeles Times
2155:on 13 March 2008.
1935:Los Angeles Times
1910:Los Angeles Times
1885:Los Angeles Times
1860:Los Angeles Times
1712:News and websites
1545:AIDS and Behavior
1527:978-1-934187-29-6
1495:978-1-58721-184-3
1472:978-0-7864-3986-7
1426:978-1-880047-69-9
623:, pp. 644–8.
16:(Redirected from
4850:
4780:Papua New Guinea
4630:
4629:
4285:
4284:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3344:Possible effects
3181:Stop Bild Sexism
3171:The Marriage Vow
3120:
3119:
2817:
2816:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2671:. 28 August 2014
2660:
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2576:
2560:
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2556:
2540:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2501:Associated press
2488:
2486:
2484:
2475:. Archived from
2463:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2438:El Mundo (Spain)
2427:
2425:
2423:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2362:
2357:. Archived from
2355:Adult Video News
2345:
2340:. Archived from
2338:Adult Video News
2328:
2326:
2324:
2315:. Archived from
2313:Adult Video News
2303:
2301:
2299:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2271:Adult Video News
2260:
2258:
2256:
2247:. Archived from
2244:Adult Video News
2233:
2231:
2229:
2210:(8 April 2013).
2203:
2201:
2199:
2190:. Archived from
2176:
2174:
2172:
2156:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2082:
2065:
2063:
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2045:
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2024:
2022:
2020:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1979:
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1958:
1956:
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1938:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1850:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1824:. Archived from
1822:Washington Blade
1812:
1799:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1773:. Archived from
1759:
1757:
1755:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1707:
1689:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1619:
1601:
1576:
1531:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1476:
1451:
1430:
1397:
1394:Fitz-Gerald 2014
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
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1264:
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1185:
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1155:
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1125:
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1113:
1107:
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1042:
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1018:
1012:
1011:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
966:medicalnews 2004
963:
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951:
945:
939:
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873:
867:
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848:
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836:
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806:
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779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
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728:
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681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
578:
574:
228:Tricia Devereaux
73:, often without
21:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4784:
4758:
4706:
4678:
4619:
4591:
4537:Myanmar (Burma)
4426:
4274:
4260:Day Without Art
4206:The Global Fund
4134:
4063:Economic impact
4019:
3951:
3855:
3807:pathophysiology
3743:
3733:
3703:
3698:
3660:
3604:and pornography
3596:and pornography
3524:
3500:R18 certificate
3458:
3407:
3361:
3338:
3276:
3246:
3232:Internet filter
3210:
3144:
3114:
3103:
3099:Fuck for Forest
3052:
3031:
2905:
2808:
2803:
2732:
2730:Further reading
2727:
2718:
2716:
2715:on 13 June 2014
2694:
2692:
2674:
2672:
2654:
2652:
2651:on 12 June 2014
2618:
2616:
2594:
2592:
2574:
2572:
2569:Huffington Post
2554:
2552:
2522:
2520:
2506:
2504:
2482:
2480:
2479:on 15 June 2009
2444:
2442:
2421:
2419:
2397:
2395:
2376:
2374:
2361:on 7 July 2012.
2322:
2320:
2319:on 18 June 2009
2297:
2295:
2294:on 2 March 2014
2276:
2274:
2254:
2252:
2227:
2225:
2197:
2195:
2170:
2168:
2137:
2135:
2133:Huffington Post
2117:
2115:
2110:. Yahoo! News.
2096:
2094:
2059:
2057:
2039:
2037:
2018:
2016:
1993:
1991:
1973:
1971:
1970:on 2 March 2014
1952:
1950:
1919:
1917:
1894:
1892:
1869:
1867:
1849:(movie review).
1831:
1829:
1828:on 8 March 2012
1809:The Independent
1780:
1778:
1753:
1751:
1732:
1730:
1714:
1538:
1528:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1473:
1465:. p. 203.
1448:
1427:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1370:smartvoter 2012
1368:
1364:
1356:
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895:
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876:
868:
864:
854:
849:
845:
837:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
801:
797:
789:
782:
776:Viladevall 2014
774:
770:
762:
758:
750:
746:
738:
731:
723:
716:
708:
701:
693:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
642:McNeil Jr. 2012
640:
627:
619:
615:
607:
603:
595:
591:
587:
582:
581:
575:
571:
566:
548:
506:
489:
484:
456:
440:, and opens up
425:specialist Dr.
356:
303:Wicked Pictures
299:Wicked Pictures
276:
236:
194:Christoph Clark
119:
117:1980s and 1990s
114:
71:unsimulated sex
67:
33:deals with the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4846:
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4607:
4605:United Kingdom
4601:
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4218:
4216:YAA/Youthforce
4213:
4211:World AIDS Day
4208:
4203:
4198:
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4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
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4033:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3995:Berlin Patient
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
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3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3912:Superinfection
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3892:Cardiomyopathy
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3844:Teens / Adults
3841:
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3814:
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3799:
3789:
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3487:
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3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:Exxxotica Expo
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3398:Film directors
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
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3209:
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3176:No More Page 3
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2307:Staff (2009).
2304:
2283:
2261:
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2204:
2177:
2157:
2144:
2124:
2103:
2083:
2066:
2046:
2025:
2000:
1980:
1959:
1939:
1926:
1901:
1876:
1851:
1847:New York Times
1838:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1680:(12): 989–94.
1665:
1620:
1577:
1537:
1534:
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1526:
1507:
1494:
1477:
1471:
1452:
1447:978-1555835293
1446:
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1425:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
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1399:
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1374:
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994:
982:
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946:
931:
916:
901:
886:
874:
862:
843:
831:
819:
807:
795:
780:
768:
766:, p. 203.
756:
744:
729:
727:, p. 205.
714:
699:
682:
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658:
646:
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613:
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588:
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579:
568:
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560:
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547:
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488:
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483:
480:
455:
452:
419:trichomoniasis
355:
352:
275:
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252:Rio de Janeiro
235:
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206:Karin Schubert
150:Shelley Lubben
118:
115:
113:
110:
66:
63:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4716:South America
4713:
4703:
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4698:
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4672:New York City
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4667:United States
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4126:
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4100:Sex education
4098:
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3908:
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3885:
3883:
3882:Lipodystrophy
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
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3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
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3542:
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3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:Sexualization
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3490:Pornification
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:Miscellaneous
3461:
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3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
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3410:
3404:
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3333:
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3304:
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3286:
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3283:
3279:
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3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3243:
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3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3206:XXXchurch.com
3204:
3202:
3199:
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3192:
3189:
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3177:
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3172:
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3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:Organizations
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:Opposition to
3110:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:Organizations
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
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2899:
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2879:
2877:
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2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2842:Tijuana bible
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2615:on 2009-06-14
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2550:
2546:
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2530:
2518:
2514:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2478:
2474:
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2457:
2452:
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2434:
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2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2251:on 5 May 2010
2250:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2194:on 7 May 2011
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
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2134:
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2072:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1890:
1886:
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1877:
1865:
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1844:
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1819:
1814:
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1797:
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1768:
1763:
1750:. Los Angeles
1749:
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1595:
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1578:
1574:
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1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:(2): 517–22.
1550:
1546:
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1515:
1514:
1508:
1497:
1491:
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1453:
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1418:
1413:
1412:
1403:Sources cited
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1279:Williams 2012
1275:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1182:Huffpost 2013
1178:
1171:
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1147:
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1123:
1118:
1111:
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858:
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840:
835:
828:
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811:
804:
803:Scheeres 2007
799:
792:
787:
785:
777:
772:
765:
760:
753:
748:
742:, p. 13.
741:
736:
734:
726:
725:Edmonson 2000
721:
719:
711:
710:Jennings 2000
706:
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438:friction burn
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328:male actor".
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256:United States
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210:Marina Hedman
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1968:the original
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1095:Sex.com 2013
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1071:Forster 2010
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1021:MOHAJER 2010
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427:Allan Ronald
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330:
326:HIV positive
311:
292:
285:died due to
268:
264:
247:
240:Darren James
237:
220:Marc Wallice
218:
201:
190:Tracey Adams
181:
178:
164:(1989), and
162:Marc Stevens
154:Wade Nichols
147:
142:HIV positive
130:HIV positive
107:
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43:sex industry
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4775:New Zealand
4647:El Salvador
4552:Philippines
4522:North Korea
4475:China (PRC)
4440:Afghanistan
4130:Product Red
4031:AIDS orphan
3887:Nephropathy
3822:vaccination
3561:Photography
3454:Porn Sunday
3327:Video games
3115:pornography
3005:Transgender
2977:Sissy hypno
2813:Pornography
2806:Pornography
2719:20 December
2695:28 December
2575:4 September
2555:17 December
2507:24 February
2445:4 September
2171:19 February
2097:26 February
1948:Rewire.News
1781:9 September
1635:(6): e126.
1291:Kernes 2014
1233:Romero 2011
1146:Lupkin 2013
1122:Sewell 2013
851:Staff 2005c
839:Kernes 1999
752:Holden 2001
695:Lubben 2013
482:Legislation
411:hepatitis B
283:Josh Weston
158:John Holmes
55:STI testing
4817:Categories
4487:East Timor
4460:Bangladesh
4450:Azerbaijan
4372:Mozambique
4357:Madagascar
4090:Red ribbon
3932:Serostatus
3860:Conditions
3812:prevention
3802:management
3760:Lentivirus
3556:Literature
3495:Pornotopia
3480:Golden Age
3475:Blue Movie
3048:Film actor
2629:"FSC Pass"
2523:7 November
2422:8 February
2138:6 December
2118:15 October
1920:23 October
1895:13 October
1870:13 October
1832:15 January
1733:8 February
1303:Reign 2013
1194:Miles 2013
1170:TRPWL 2014
882:Staff 2009
870:Allen 2010
827:Staff 1999
764:Hawes 2009
585:References
333:Diane Duke
307:quarantine
198:Amber Lynn
170:Ron Jeremy
126:Aiden Shaw
87:Zika fever
4770:Australia
4724:Argentina
4684:Caribbean
4662:Nicaragua
4652:Guatemala
4562:Sri Lanka
4497:Indonesia
4280:Locations
4221:"Free Me"
3947:Pregnancy
3942:Nutrition
3797:diagnosis
3594:Overwatch
3310:Magazines
3267:Religious
3123:Movements
3027:Zoophilic
2942:Gang bang
2859:Simulated
2709:PASS Blog
2595:30 August
2497:Yahoo.com
2377:26 August
2217:OC Weekly
2187:LA Weekly
2060:26 August
1994:26 August
1811:. London.
1754:26 August
1463:McFarland
1221:Duke 2013
1134:Kemp 2013
1110:PASS 2013
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942:AVN 2004a
897:Ross 2007
678:AVN 2005b
666:AVN 2005a
654:Hamm 2006
510:Measure B
447:Measure B
407:chlamydia
403:gonorrhea
368:hepatitis
318:chlamydia
314:gonorrhea
260:Lara Roxx
166:Al Parker
112:HIV cases
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91:chlamydia
4828:HIV/AIDS
4739:Colombia
4657:Honduras
4572:Thailand
4547:Pakistan
4532:Malaysia
4470:Cambodia
4422:Zimbabwe
4402:Tanzania
4327:Ethiopia
4322:Eswatini
4307:Botswana
4196:Solidays
4095:Safe sex
4036:Religion
3980:Timeline
3902:Pruritus
3839:Children
3817:research
3792:HIV/AIDS
3770:subtypes
3674:Category
3654:sex tape
3609:Ribaldry
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3262:Feminist
3000:Bisexual
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2881:Internet
2876:Hardcore
2871:Feminist
2866:Deepfake
2768:19218178
2633:Archived
2619:20 March
2537:Archived
2460:Archived
2413:ABC News
2222:Archived
2112:Archived
2079:Archived
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1914:Archived
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1724:ABC News
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1696:23191956
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1565:22101890
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546:See also
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322:syphilis
289:in 2012.
244:anal sex
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4455:Bahrain
4445:Armenia
4397:Senegal
4387:Nigeria
4377:Namibia
4352:Lesotho
4139:Culture
4120:HIV.gov
3963:History
3956:History
3602:Pokémon
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3536:Erotica
3505:Rule 34
3298:Cartoon
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4392:Rwanda
4362:Malawi
4337:Guinea
4297:Angola
4289:Africa
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