812:
494:
24:
513:
828:
54:
423:
741:
561:
635:
863:
591:"White City" exposition fairgrounds. A contemporary souvenir booklet called her "the greatest marine wonder of its time", and another publication dubbed her the "Queen of the Lakes". She had an estimated capacity of 4,000–5,000 passengers on her four decks, but it was reported that she carried 7,000 on her maiden voyage. The
1760:
612:
carried between 1.7 and 2.0 million passengers (sources differ) during the exposition, with only one fatality, a crew member. In recognition of that success, the commissioners of the exposition presented
Captain McArthur with a gold watch engraved with a representation of the ship. McArthur went
677:
had been a perennial racing rival. She changed hands in 1905 to the
Milwaukee & Chicago Transportation company – possibly a Goodrich holding company – and again in 1909 to Goodrich Transit Line. Her livery was at some point between 1906 and 1909 changed to a black hull with yellow
529:
would be built and delivered in three months, making her one of the fastest-built large ships of her time. The builders further promised rapid loading and unloading, predicting that the vessel would be able to embark 5,000 passengers in five minutes, and disembark the same passengers in even
364:
on contemporary warships; the superstructure and deckhouses were mounted on these turrets. The rounded contours of whalebacks gave them an unconventional appearance, and McDougall's ship and barge designs were received with considerable skepticism, resistance, and derision. As they had
484:
contained several fountains and a large aquarium filled with trout and other fish of the lakes. The cabins and public spaces were fitted out with oak paneling, velvet carpets, etched glass windows, leather furniture and marble. Shops and restaurants were provided for the passengers.
686:
remained with the
Goodrich line for several years. Although she was used for excursions elsewhere around the Great Lakes, her regular schedule was a daily trip to Milwaukee, leaving Chicago mid-morning, sailing to Milwaukee for a two-hour stopover, and then returning
359:
shapes with rounded tops, lacking conventional vertical sides. Waves thus broke across their hulls with considerably less force than when striking a conventional hull. Water could also flow around the rounded turrets which resembled
878:
carried 1.7–2 million passengers in her first year alone, and is estimated to have carried more passengers than any other vessel on the Great Lakes. She was one of the most photographed passenger ships on the lakes, and
705:
had at least three accidents. In June 1895 she suffered an explosion caused by a steam pipe becoming disconnected while she was underway. Accounts differ, but some claim that this happened during a race with her rival,
473:. The rounded hull top was then added, followed by the six turrets, which were substantially larger than those employed on freighter whalebacks. The ship was launched on December 3, 1892, after which two
737:
decks with about 25,000 US gallons (95,000 L). The collision killed 16 passengers and severely damaged her pilot house, putting her out of service for the rest of the year.
445:, was completed on September 13, 1892. The ship's propulsion mechanisms were next installed, consisting of a single four-bladed, 14-foot (4 m) diameter, 19-foot (6 m) pitch
453:(with three cylinders of 26-inch (66 cm), 42-inch (107 cm) and 70-inch (178 cm) diameters in a common frame with a 42-inch (107 cm) stroke) manufactured by
406:, was intended to demonstrate that the whaleback design would work well in passenger service, and would be able to travel at high speed. The ship's name honored the explorer
786:
capsized while docked in the
Chicago River, with the loss of over 800 lives. Officials subsequently ordered many passenger ships to undergo stability testing, which the
1507:
306:
is said to have carried more passengers during her career than any other vessel on the Great Lakes. After a career lasting four decades, she was retired during the
650:
success at the exposition, and McDougall's promotional efforts, the whaleback design never caught on. By 1900, the last whalebacks had been built in
Superior: the
480:
She was fitted out over the remainder of late 1892 and early 1893. Electric lighting was used, and she was elegantly furnished. Her grand saloon and skylighted
926:
553:
on May 13, 1893. Her first captain was John McArthur, who had captained other whalebacks for McDougall's firms, starting with the first powered whaleback, the
1739:
477:
decks were mounted on the turrets along the centerline of her hull to afford access to her two internal decks, one in the turrets and one in the hull below.
2055:
302:
At 362 feet (110 m), the ship was the longest whaleback ever built, and reportedly also the largest vessel on the Great Lakes when she was launched.
790:
passed easily. Even with 7,500 sandbags (simulating passengers) piled on one side, and tugboats pulling in that direction, she listed only 12 degrees.
646:
entered passenger service, and an additional deck (third superstructure, fifth total) was added during the 1899–1900 winter season. Despite the
1437:"Queen of the Lakes: Trip of the New Whaleback Propeller Christopher Columbus From Superior to Chicago....The Finest Excursion Steamer in America".
733:
current caught her, spinning her sideways, and her bow sheared off two legs of the Yahr-Lang Drug
Company's water tower, toppling it and flooding
557:, built in 1890. McDougall was quoted as having said to McArthur, "There is your steamboat; take her down to Chicago and make a success of her."
886:
of her are still widely available. One of her anchors, the design of which was patented by McDougall on
February 3, 1891, is displayed at the
2124:
1283:
2139:
2134:
1456:
438:
360,000. The job was undertaken at McDougall's
American Steel Barge Company works in Superior, Wisconsin, starting in the fall of 1892.
2119:
982:
336:
is linked with that of the whalebacks, an innovative but not widely accepted ship design of the late 1880s, and of their designer,
1986:
368:
After McDougall was unable to persuade existing shipbuilders to try his designs, he founded the
American Steel Barge Company in
1313:
411:
1996:
1845:
23:
1515:
1653:
1084:
2063:
1170:
931:
956:
1881:
The 1908 edition does not show her having assigned call letters so the inference is that she did not have one then.
1743:
344:
1950:
1537:
1412:
1118:
565:
337:
296:
274:
1027:
659:
470:
311:
351:, inventor and entrepreneur, McDougall developed the idea of the whaleback as a way to improve the ability of
1866:
288:
103:
811:
1921:
1710:
1692:
1621:
2114:
1393:
493:
299:. Later, she provided general transportation and excursion services to various ports around the lakes.
450:
1891:
584:
1291:
410:
as did the World's
Columbian Exposition itself, timed to coincide with the 400th anniversary of his
398:, was in the planning stages, McDougall recognized another opportunity to publicize his design. The
2129:
2087:
1777:
534:
was specified to be able run the 6 miles (10 km) from the dock downtown to the fairgrounds at
454:
372:
in 1888, and built them himself. McDougall actively promoted his design and company by sending the
1186:
1039:
Note: follow URL, then search by vessel name "Christopher Columbus" to find page with stats cited.
1596:
1579:
1562:
588:
512:
1696:
1482:
891:
855:, in 1933 and again in 1934. She was scrapped in 1936 at the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company in
535:
827:
1799:
1773:
1460:
1226:
1050:
597:
592:
373:
1841:
Note, the site gives "unknown" for the attribution, but partially the same text is found at
1201:
856:
818:
679:
442:
407:
315:
1622:"Ministers in a Steamboat Race.; It Was on Lake Michigan and They Rejoiced Greatly to Win"
8:
2109:
1825:
986:
887:
795:
380:
369:
284:
181:
764:
used radio to help coordinate the rescue of over 200 passengers from the Goodrich liner
634:
1862:
1685:
1629:
1387:
773:
696:
550:
541:
McDougall set up another holding company, the Columbian Whaleback Steamship Company of
500:
422:
384:
348:
740:
721:. On June 30, 1917, she was involved in her most serious accident, a collision with a
692:
587:/Van Buren Street dock to the Jackson Park site of the World's Columbian Exposition's
560:
355:
to follow a towing vessel in heavy seas. Whalebacks were characterized by distinctive
2002:
1992:
1375:
1371:
The Dream City: a portfolio of photographic views of the World's Columbian Exposition
1350:
1176:
1166:
948:
940:
542:
356:
1374:. intr. by Halsey C. Ives. St. Louis, Missouri: N. D. Thompson Publishing Co. 1893.
1321:
1162:
852:
753:
620:
614:
307:
216:
Six boilers powering two reciprocating triple expansion steam engines, single screw
1369:
1849:
1344:
1158:
Steam Navigation and Its Relation to the Commerce of Canada and the United States
730:
1971:"Even with tugs trying to pull her over she hardly heeled"; quote attributed to
1842:
525:
McDougall's American Steel Barge Company had committed in the contract that the
2032:
1598:
Blue Book of American Shipping: Marine and Naval Directory of the United States
1581:
Blue Book of American Shipping: Marine and Naval Directory of the United States
1564:
Blue Book of American Shipping: Marine and Naval Directory of the United States
663:
481:
474:
262:
1661:
2103:
2027:
1984:
1257:
1092:
944:
718:
658:, the last whaleback barge. The American Steel Barge Company was sold to the
580:
504:
466:
2006:
1354:
952:
1379:
1180:
1156:
780:
722:
365:
porcine-looking snouts for bows, some observers called them "pig boats".
266:
225:
29:
1740:"Public Transportation and Sport Don't Mix - Especially with Steamboats"
1508:"The American Ship Building Company (Superior WI) record of ships built"
862:
725:. The collision happened in Milwaukee while she was being maneuvered by
678:
accents, and she was placed in service on the route between Chicago and
1958:
1126:
1019:
673:
was leased to and operated by the Goodrich Transit Line, whose steamer
426:
Hull under construction, showing turrets on which the decks were placed
361:
851:
was taken out of service in 1933, and changed hands twice during the
469:, (11-foot (3 m) diameter by 12-foot (4 m) long), built by
446:
327:
270:
245:
1985:
Bertuca, David J.; Hartman, Donald K.; Neumeister, Susan M. (1996).
1861:
1682:
2091:
883:
880:
838:
756:, installed by 1909, when she was allocated the call letters "KC".
711:
662:, becoming their Superior Works, and switched to more conventional
462:
430:
The World's Fair Steamship Company ordered the construction of the
395:
341:
157:
1988:
The World's Columbian Exposition: A Centennial Bibliographic Guide
1538:"Marine Captains Biographies Vol 2 - Captain A. E. Goodrich entry"
1955:
Research Resources – Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at Kingston
1601:. Cleveland, Ohio: Marine Review Publishing Co. 1903. p. 426
1584:. Cleveland, Ohio: Marine Review Publishing Co. 1903. p. 412
1567:. Cleveland, Ohio: Marine Review Publishing Co. 1903. p. 160
834:
726:
458:
391:
153:
273:
ship ever built for passenger service. The ship was designed by
1852:
and gives "Great Lakes Ships We Remember" as a possible source.
1413:"Marine Captain's Biographies, Volume II - Captain J. McArthur"
1343:
Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1893). "Chapter XVIII. Transportation".
1185:
Google books has images of those pages in the chapter entitled
572:
33:
1125:. Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at Kingston. Archived from
1658:
Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co.: A Chronological History 1881-1907
1577:
Listing shows the Columbus as "owned or managed by" Goodrich.
403:
352:
292:
84:
Milwaukee & Chicago Transportation Co. (1906–1909)
390:. When the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in
435:
1349:(Cygne Noir ed.). The Bancroft Company, Publishers.
752:
was one of the first ships to be fitted with an on-board
417:
81:
Columbian Whaleback Steamship Company (1893–1906)
2090:
of water tank accident damage (June 30, 1917) from the
1991:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 146.
1512:
Maritime Business Strategies, LLC aka Coltoncompany.com
32:
marine artist Howard Sprague showing the ship in white
277:, the developer and promoter of the whaleback design.
1654:"Excerpts from "Bucket Boy" by Ernest L. Meyer, 1947"
579:
made multiple round trips per day, sailing along the
269:, in service between 1893 and 1933. She was the only
1611:
This advertisement features the same image as above.
1871:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
1684:
1530:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1902:(4). Boston Seamans Friend Society: 65. July 1909
1430:
2101:
1868:List of Wireless Telegraph Stations of the World
1487:globalsecurity.org forces and ships information
1400:
1048:
932:American Heritage of Invention & Technology
1800:"Damaged "Christopher Columbus" Cruise Vessel"
1555:
2060:Mariners' Museum website, Collections section
1978:
1914:
1683:Mayer, Harold M. and Richard C. Wade (1969).
1284:"Green's Marine Directory of the Great Lakes"
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
613:on to captain other whalebacks including the
571:McArthur did just that. Painted in all white
2020:
1206:Washington State online history encyclopedia
451:reciprocating triple-expansion steam engines
379:to London, and starting another shipyard in
1951:"Some Marine Terminology – by John Duerkop"
1865:, Bureau of Equipment (September 1, 1908).
1161:. Toronto: Montreal News Company. pp.
1020:"Christopher Columbus page of Vessel Index"
2056:"McDougall Anchor Object Description page"
1275:
1068:
695:excursions from the Goodrich docks at the
564:A printed pass, signed by General Manager
321:
16:US Great Lakes excursion liner (1893–1933)
1884:
1826:"Ship hits water tower. (Milwaukee 1917)"
1594:Image of the Columbus in Goodrich livery.
1459:. Superior Public Museums. Archived from
1219:
1112:
1110:
1024:Historical Collections of the Great Lakes
654:in 1899 (the last powered ship), and the
1943:
1855:
1643:Tells of another racing exploit in 1896.
1342:
1336:
1290:. Cleveland. p. 248. Archived from
861:
798:exhibition in Chicago in 1932–33.
739:
633:
559:
421:
1792:
1646:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1150:
1148:
1116:
1042:
924:
87:Goodrich Transit Co. (1909–1933)
2102:
2048:
1500:
1449:
1306:
1107:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
710:. In July 1905, she collided with the
626:, the only whaleback surviving today.
441:The hull framing, which included nine
1483:"LCC 19 Blue Ridge – SP 2432 section"
1361:
1281:
1154:
976:
974:
605:) is said to have raced against her.
418:Construction and Columbian Exposition
50:
2125:Passenger ships of the United States
1475:
1244:
1145:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
538:and 64th Street in 20 minutes.
1818:
1703:
1542:Maritime History of the Great Lakes
1417:Maritime History of the Great Lakes
1288:Maritime History of the Great Lakes
1231:Maritime History of the Great Lakes
1227:"The Marine Record October 1, 1891"
1194:
1055:Maritime History of the Great Lakes
1049:McNeil, William R.; Messmer, Jack.
1001:
939:(2). American Heritage Publishing.
283:was built between 1892 and 1893 at
93:Chriscarala Corp. (1934–1936)
90:William F. Price (1933–1934)
13:
2140:Passenger ships of the Great Lakes
2135:Ships built in Superior, Wisconsin
1774:"Vessel Extracts: Campbell, Ralph"
1732:
1614:
980:
971:
927:"You Call That Damn Thing a Boat?"
833:Stern view at the Goodrich docks,
629:
14:
2151:
2081:
1922:"Redfield Halts Eastland Inquiry"
1830:Tower Accidents and other stories
1804:Wisconsin Historical Society site
1085:"Remember the Whaleback Steamers"
1051:"The Great Lakes Vessel Extracts"
925:Ebeling, Charles W. (Fall 2001).
903:
985:. Ship-wreck.com. Archived from
826:
810:
511:
492:
52:
22:
1766:
1687:Chicago: Growth of a Metropolis
1676:
817:Passing under a lift bridge in
642:After the exposition ended the
465:, and six steel tubular return
1028:Bowling Green State University
801:
660:American Ship Building Company
471:Cleveland Shipbuilding Company
312:Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company
1:
897:
638:Day trip advertisement, 1920s
2120:World's Columbian Exposition
2092:Wisconsin Historical Society
2028:"Anchor Alexander McDougall"
1202:"Charles W. Wetmore arrives"
402:, conceived as an elaborate
310:and scrapped in 1936 by the
297:World's Columbian Exposition
289:American Steel Barge Company
104:American Steel Barge Company
7:
1693:University of Chicago Press
1368:"The Whaleback Steamship".
1314:"Scotch Boiler description"
1256:Wilkens, Steven A. (2004).
1117:Duerkop, John (July 2007).
983:"Columbus information page"
295:passengers to and from the
228:(20 mph; 31 km/h)
10:
2156:
1191:. Retrieved on 2008-03-26.
325:
1457:"Other Famous Whalebacks"
1119:"Some Marine Terminology"
866:McDougall anchor from SS
545:, to own and operate the
455:Samuel F. Hodge & Co.
171:
45:
21:
1778:The Buffalo Evening News
1445:: 608–610. May 25, 1893.
1318:History of the Steamboat
1258:"Last of the Whalebacks"
729:away from her dock. The
434:at an estimated cost of
192:362 ft (110 m)
1711:"Thirteen Were Injured"
1282:Green, Fred W. (1916).
870:at the Mariners' Museum
689:see advertisement right
322:Background and proposal
172:General characteristics
1392:: CS1 maint: others (
892:Newport News, Virginia
871:
745:
639:
568:
427:
200:42 ft (13 m)
1746:on September 15, 2007
1155:Croil, James (1898).
1089:About the Great Lakes
959:on September 29, 2007
865:
743:
637:
593:Goodrich Transit Line
563:
425:
208:24 ft (7 m)
1346:The Book of the Fair
1294:on November 25, 2010
1188:The Turret Steamship
876:Christopher Columbus
868:Christopher Columbus
857:Manitowoc, Wisconsin
819:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
794:was featured at the
776:, in Lake Michigan.
680:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
408:Christopher Columbus
316:Manitowoc, Wisconsin
258:Christopher Columbus
70:Christopher Columbus
38:Christopher Columbus
1961:on November 8, 2007
1758:The Washington Post
1324:on October 28, 2007
796:Century of Progress
652:Alexander McDougall
619:, which became the
583:shoreline from the
381:Everett, Washington
370:Superior, Wisconsin
338:Alexander McDougall
332:The history of the
285:Superior, Wisconsin
275:Alexander McDougall
1929:The New York Times
1892:"Marine Disasters"
1848:2007-08-05 at the
1718:The New York Times
1630:The New York Times
1123:Research Resources
1095:on October 5, 2007
872:
774:Waukegan, Illinois
746:
697:Rush Street Bridge
691:). She made daily
640:
569:
501:Rush Street Bridge
428:
414:to the New World.
383:, which built the
376:Charles W. Wetmore
121:September 13, 1892
2115:Great Lakes ships
2066:on April 15, 2013
1998:978-0-313-26644-7
1973:Ships and Sailing
1664:on August 7, 2007
981:Bailod, Brendon.
772:was disabled off
744:Stability testing
616:Frank Rockefeller
543:Duluth, Minnesota
291:. Initially, she
252:
251:
40:appeared in 1893.
2147:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2062:. Archived from
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1957:. Archived from
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1931:. August 6, 1915
1926:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1859:
1853:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1756:This blog cites
1755:
1753:
1751:
1742:. Archived from
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1660:. Archived from
1650:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1514:. Archived from
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1463:on July 22, 2011
1453:
1447:
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1427:
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1398:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1320:. Archived from
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1198:
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1184:
1152:
1143:
1138:(definition 65,
1137:
1135:
1134:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1091:. Archived from
1081:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1016:
999:
998:
996:
994:
978:
969:
968:
966:
964:
955:. Archived from
922:
888:Mariners' Museum
853:Great Depression
830:
814:
515:
496:
308:Great Depression
261:was an American
236:5,000 passengers
129:December 3, 1892
60:
57:
56:
55:
26:
19:
18:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2130:Whaleback ships
2100:
2099:
2084:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1964:
1962:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1872:
1863:Navy Department
1860:
1856:
1850:Wayback Machine
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1806:. December 2003
1798:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1780:. July 25, 1905
1772:
1771:
1767:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1720:. June 24, 1895
1713:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1636:
1634:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1604:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1518:on May 31, 2008
1506:
1505:
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630:Regular service
601:(later the USS
585:Randolph Street
530:less time. The
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387:City of Everett
330:
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263:excursion liner
244:Only passenger
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2033:Google Patents
2019:
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1896:The Sea Breeze
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1633:. July 5, 1896
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715:Ralph Campbell
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566:Alex McDougall
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482:promenade deck
475:superstructure
467:Scotch boilers
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347:, Great Lakes
326:Main article:
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2064:the original
2059:
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2038:. Retrieved
2031:
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1987:
1980:
1972:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:the original
1954:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1928:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1899:
1895:
1886:
1873:. Retrieved
1867:
1857:
1843:boatnerd.com
1833:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
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1744:the original
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1662:the original
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1516:the original
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1461:the original
1451:
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1420:. Retrieved
1416:
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1363:
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1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1317:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1287:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1262:Sea Classics
1261:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1187:
1157:
1139:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1122:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:the original
1088:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:
1044:
1031:. Retrieved
1023:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
961:. Retrieved
957:the original
936:
930:
875:
873:
867:
848:
846:
821:, circa 1909
791:
787:
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778:
769:
765:
761:
757:
749:
747:
734:
714:
707:
702:
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688:
683:
674:
670:
669:In 1899 the
668:
656:John Smeaton
655:
651:
647:
643:
641:
622:
615:
609:
607:
602:
596:
576:
570:
555:Colgate Hoyt
554:
551:commissioned
546:
540:
536:Jackson Park
531:
526:
524:
518:White livery
479:
440:
431:
429:
412:first voyage
399:
386:
375:
367:
333:
331:
303:
301:
280:
279:
257:
255:
253:
137:May 13, 1893
69:
37:
2070:October 16,
2040:October 16,
2012:October 15,
1965:October 19,
1935:October 19,
1875:October 15,
1835:October 19,
1810:October 19,
1784:February 6,
1750:October 15,
1724:October 15,
1668:October 19,
1637:October 15,
1547:October 16,
1522:February 5,
1492:October 15,
1328:October 16,
1267:November 9,
802:Disposition
760:and the SS
723:water tower
362:gun turrets
267:Great Lakes
180:1,511
110:Yard number
30:Great Lakes
2110:1892 ships
2104:Categories
1695:. p.
1605:August 18,
1588:August 18,
1571:August 18,
1422:August 18,
1298:August 18,
1236:August 18,
1211:August 18,
1133:2008-03-22
1099:August 18,
1060:August 18,
1033:August 18,
963:August 31,
898:References
693:round-trip
603:Blue Ridge
589:Beaux arts
549:. She was
499:Moored at
449:, the two
248:ever built
213:Propulsion
134:Christened
1975:May 1952.
1467:March 25,
1388:cite book
1140:Whaleback
993:March 25,
945:8756-7296
884:postcards
768:when the
735:Columbus'
666:designs.
648:Columbus'
447:propeller
443:bulkheads
345:immigrant
328:Whaleback
287:, by the
271:whaleback
246:whaleback
118:Laid down
2007:28962073
1906:March 4,
1846:Archived
1439:Seaboard
1355:01412680
953:11638224
881:souvenir
849:Columbus
839:Illinois
792:Columbus
788:Columbus
783:Eastland
758:Columbus
750:Columbus
712:schooner
708:Virginia
703:Columbus
684:Columbus
675:Virginia
671:Columbus
644:Columbus
621:SS
610:Columbus
598:Virginia
595:steamer
577:Columbus
547:Columbus
532:Columbus
527:Columbus
463:Michigan
432:Columbus
400:Columbus
396:Illinois
342:Scottish
334:Columbus
304:Columbus
281:Columbus
233:Capacity
158:Illinois
150:Homeport
126:Launched
36:, as SS
1761:archive
1380:2276578
1181:1082014
835:Chicago
762:Chicago
717:in the
459:Detroit
392:Chicago
349:captain
293:ferried
265:on the
177:Tonnage
154:Chicago
100:Builder
46:History
2005:
1995:
1378:
1353:
1179:
1169:
951:
943:
770:Racine
682:. The
623:Meteor
575:, the
573:livery
353:barges
189:Length
34:livery
2094:site.
2088:Image
1925:(PDF)
1714:(PDF)
1625:(PDF)
1165:–64.
754:radio
664:laker
404:ferry
241:Notes
226:knots
221:Speed
205:Depth
113:00128
76:Owner
2072:2007
2042:2007
2035:page
2014:2007
2003:OCLC
1993:ISBN
1967:2007
1937:2007
1908:2018
1877:2007
1837:2007
1812:2007
1786:2008
1752:2007
1726:2007
1670:2007
1639:2007
1607:2007
1590:2007
1573:2007
1549:2007
1524:2008
1494:2007
1469:2008
1424:2007
1394:link
1376:OCLC
1351:OCLC
1330:2007
1300:2007
1269:2007
1238:2007
1213:2007
1177:OCLC
1167:ISBN
1101:2007
1062:2007
1035:2007
995:2008
965:2007
949:OCLC
941:ISSN
847:The
748:The
727:tugs
608:The
436:US$
357:hull
340:. A
254:The
197:Beam
164:Fate
145:1933
65:Name
1900:XXI
1697:273
1163:362
890:in
874:SS
781:SS
503:on
457:of
385:SS
374:SS
314:at
256:SS
224:17
182:GRT
68:SS
2106::
2058:.
2030:.
2001:.
1953:.
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1894:.
1828:.
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1776:.
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1691:.
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