526:
Terroristic
Activity: Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-third Congress, Second Session
219:, which would be heavily copied by other designs. The 940 was simply a commercialized version of the Genie design and remained backwardly compatible with their earlier models, with the exception of the 12-bit
553:
523:
Laws, United States
Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security (1975).
285:. By August 1968 a version 2.0 was announced that was just called the "SDS 940 Time-Sharing System". As of 1969, the XDS 940 software system consisted of the following:
417:, who used the system to become the USA's best known commercial timesharing service in the late 1960s. By 1972 Tymshare alone had 23 systems in operation.
557:
99:
524:
818:
677:
664:
333:
Two rapid-access disc (RAD) storage units and couplers (just under 4M character capacity each); optionally two more could be connected
790:
110:
Instructions of beam motion, character writing, etc, 20 characters per second. 1000-character terminals with 875-line screen.
197:
901:
269:
used was a Potter Model HSP-3502 chain printer with 96 printing characters and a speed of about 230 lines per minute.
938:
977:
840:
625:
581:
733:
972:
690:
438:
238:. This was backed up by a variety of secondary storage devices, including a 1376 kword drum in Genie, or
380:
282:
67:
348:
303:
755:
987:
360:
290:
715:
650:
606:
363:-processing system, "SYSPOPs" (system programmed operators, which allow access to system services),
810:
942:
759:
446:
144:
129:
74:
376:
297:
213:
982:
485:
442:
174:
166:
783:
What the
Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry
874:
449:
in
December 1968, heralding many of the concepts associated with personal computing today.
8:
424:
79:
703:
638:
594:
326:
The minimal configuration required to run the
Software System included (partial list):
28:
786:
457:
434:
372:
364:
309:
205:
163:
498:
481:
387:
278:
170:
148:
61:
158:
It was announced in
February 1966 and shipped in April, becoming a major part of
729:
406:
359:
Additional software was available from the XDS Users' Group
Library, such as a
352:
242:
in the SDS models in the form of a drum-like 2097 kword "fixed-head" disk or a
216:
152:
966:
879:
870:
473:
464:
342:
201:
909:
503:
427:, was the second most important corporate customer. Tymshare, Comshare and
345:
control unit and two magnetic-tape transports (controller supports up to 8)
266:
255:
133:
467:
counterculture community action group called
Resource One and located in
431:
collaborated in much of the operating system development for the SDS 940.
428:
395:
230:
as the primary storage, allowing between 16 and 64 kilowords. Words were
227:
169:(NLS) was demonstrated on the system. This machine was later used to run
848:
336:
315:
251:
235:
445:, more commonly known as NLS. It was with this computer that he gave
184:
in 1969 and became Xerox Data
Systems, the SDS 940 was renamed as the
957:
902:"Community Memory: 1972–1974, Berkeley and San Francisco, California"
239:
250:
traditional "floating-head" model. The SDS machines also included a
90:
16 and 64 kilowords of 24 bits + parity, additional 4.5 MB swap
905:
875:"Spacewar: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the Computer Bums"
589:. Santa Monica, California: Scientific Data Systems. November 1967.
420:
414:
391:
226:
Like most systems of the era, the machine was built with a bank of
159:
633:. Santa Monica, California: Scientific Data Systems. August 1968.
453:
259:
209:
137:
698:. Santa Monica, California: Scientific Data Systems. March 1967.
231:
220:
141:
678:
QED Reference Manual for SDS 940 Time-Sharing
Computer Systems
781:
Markoff, John (2005). "5 Dealing Lightning With Both Hands".
665:
CAL Reference Manual for SDS 940 Time-Sharing Computer System
320:
181:
532:(...) XDS-940 computer is a second generation computer (...)
368:
680:, Preliminary Edition, Scientific Data Systems, Jan. 1969.
627:
SDS 940 Time-Sharing System (Version 2.0) Technical Manual
785:(E-book ed.). New York: Penguin Group. p. 240.
375:(a text editor), TAP (Time-sharing Assembly Program, an
330:
Two 16-kword core-memory modules (with multiple access).
811:"The Mother of All Demos — 150 years ahead of its time"
797:
E-book pages are approximate due device and fonts used
296:
Time-Sharing Executive (what is now usually called a
265:
A file storage of 96 MB were also attached. The
409:estimated that about 60 of the machines were sold.
289:Time-Sharing Monitor (what is now usually called a
132:' (SDS) first machine designed to directly support
554:"A research center for augmenting human intellect"
367:(Conversational Algebraic Language, a dialect of
964:
394:that were originally designed to operate from a
471:used a donated surplus XDS 940 as described in
390:display with 26 lines that operated DDT loader-
162:'s expansion during the 1960s. The influential
530:U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 513.
908:: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link. Archived from
869:
692:SDS 940 Theory of Operation Technical Manual
583:SDS 940 Time-Sharing System Technical Manual
204:that ran between 1964 and 1969. Genie added
66:SDS 940 Time-Sharing System, originally the
339:and coupler, with 67M characters of storage
728:
663:Butler Lampson (but without attribution),
196:The design was originally created by the
620:
618:
616:
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401:
16:Machine designed to support time-sharing
780:
683:
306:, the Conversational Algebraic Language
147:, with additional circuitry to provide
965:
484:project served as an early electronic
667:, Scientific Data Systems, June 1967.
613:
537:
838:
808:
576:
574:
522:
208:and controller logic to an existing
351:controller(s), supporting up to 64
281:developed at Project Genie was the
13:
272:
198:University of California, Berkeley
14:
999:
931:
571:
452:The first host connected to the
441:(ARC) used an SDS 940 for their
894:
863:
832:
821:from the original on 2013-12-03
802:
774:
556:. December 1968. Archived from
258:, and a real-time clock. They
118:Paper tape, line printer, modem
841:"SDS 940 Timesharing Computer"
748:
722:
670:
657:
516:
1:
509:
98:96 MB at 117 kB/s,
939:"SDS 940 Computer - console"
439:Augmentation Research Center
7:
756:"Timesharing as a Business"
492:
283:Berkeley Timesharing System
164:Stanford Research Institute
136:. The 940 was based on the
68:Berkeley Timesharing System
40:; 58 years ago
10:
1004:
349:Asynchronous communication
191:
180:After SDS was acquired by
809:Metz, Cade (2008-12-11).
114:
106:
94:
86:
73:
60:
52:
34:
24:
978:Scientific Data Systems
943:Computer History Museum
760:Computer History Museum
676:(without attribution),
447:The Mother of All Demos
413:The major customer was
130:Scientific Data Systems
82:based custom 24-bit CPU
298:command-line interface
486:bulletin board system
402:Notable installations
398:were also available.
175:bulletin board system
912:on November 17, 2016
873:(December 7, 1972).
736:. Microsoft Research
383:, a debugging tool.
212:computer to give it
973:Mainframe computers
851:on 24 December 2015
771:(includes pictures)
425:Ann Arbor, Michigan
21:
456:was an SDS 940 at
254:punch and reader,
29:Mainframe computer
19:
792:978-1-1012-0108-4
477:magazine in 1972.
460:in October, 1969.
435:Douglas Engelbart
396:teletype terminal
262:from paper tape.
206:memory management
200:as part of their
122:
121:
995:
988:24-bit computers
958:Software archive
953:
951:
949:
922:
921:
919:
917:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
847:. Archived from
839:Crandall, Rick.
836:
830:
829:
827:
826:
806:
800:
799:
778:
772:
770:
768:
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604:
600:
598:
590:
588:
578:
569:
568:
566:
565:
550:
535:
534:
520:
499:SDS Sigma series
482:Community Memory
388:cathode-ray tube
279:operating system
249:
247:
171:Community Memory
167:"oN-Line System"
149:protected memory
100:access time
62:Operating system
48:
46:
41:
22:
18:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
996:
994:
993:
992:
963:
962:
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934:
928:
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868:
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854:
852:
837:
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793:
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579:
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495:
404:
312:, a text editor
275:
273:Software system
245:
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44:
42:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1001:
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933:
932:External links
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730:Butler Lampson
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461:
450:
443:oN-Line System
432:
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407:Butler Lampson
403:
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357:
356:
353:teletypewriter
346:
340:
334:
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324:
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274:
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217:virtual memory
193:
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153:virtual memory
120:
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36:
32:
31:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1000:
989:
986:
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968:
959:
956:
944:
940:
936:
935:
929:
911:
907:
903:
897:
882:
881:
880:Rolling Stone
876:
872:
871:Stewart Brand
866:
850:
846:
845:Rick Crandall
842:
835:
820:
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560:on 2020-02-20
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343:Magnetic tape
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37:
33:
30:
27:
23:
983:Time-sharing
946:. Retrieved
927:
914:. Retrieved
910:the original
896:
884:. Retrieved
878:
865:
853:. Retrieved
849:the original
844:
834:
823:. Retrieved
815:The Register
814:
804:
796:
782:
776:
763:. Retrieved
750:
738:. Retrieved
724:
691:
685:
672:
659:
626:
582:
562:. Retrieved
558:the original
531:
525:
518:
504:SDS 9 Series
472:
468:
405:
385:
358:
325:
276:
267:line printer
264:
260:bootstrapped
256:line printer
225:
195:
185:
179:
173:, the first
157:
134:time-sharing
125:
123:
115:Connectivity
35:Release date
855:23 December
712:|work=
647:|work=
603:|work=
469:Project One
429:UC Berkeley
248: kword
228:core memory
214:page-mapped
967:Categories
954:(pictures)
825:2011-01-24
817:. London.
564:2016-04-19
510:References
423:, Inc, of
355:lines each
316:Fortran IV
252:paper tape
240:hard disks
236:parity bit
102:85 ms
80:Transistor
53:Units sold
948:April 17,
916:April 17,
886:April 16,
765:April 17,
740:April 16,
734:"Systems"
714:ignored (
704:cite book
649:ignored (
639:cite book
605:ignored (
595:cite book
377:assembler
337:Disc file
906:The WELL
819:Archived
493:See also
421:Comshare
415:Tymshare
392:debugger
160:Tymshare
107:Graphics
454:ARPANET
379:), and
234:plus a
232:24 bits
210:SDS 930
192:History
186:XDS 940
138:SDS 930
126:SDS 940
95:Storage
43: (
20:SDS 940
789:
361:string
291:kernel
221:SDS 92
142:24-bit
87:Memory
696:(PDF)
631:(PDF)
587:(PDF)
321:BASIC
182:Xerox
950:2011
918:2011
888:2011
857:2015
787:ISBN
767:2011
742:2011
716:help
651:help
607:help
480:The
369:JOSS
277:The
151:and
128:was
124:The
45:1966
38:1966
25:Type
527:...
458:SRI
437:'s
381:DDT
373:QED
371:),
365:CAL
310:QED
304:CAL
246:384
145:CPU
140:'s
75:CPU
969::
941:.
904:.
877:.
843:.
813:.
795:.
758:.
732:.
708::
706:}}
702:{{
643::
641:}}
637:{{
615:^
599::
597:}}
593:{{
573:^
539:^
463:A
386:A
244:16
223:.
188:.
177:.
155:.
56:60
952:.
920:.
890:.
859:.
828:.
769:.
744:.
718:)
653:)
609:)
567:.
488:.
300:)
293:)
47:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.