History of AT&T - Knowledge

512:. Like most telephones of the time in the United States, Western Electric-made phones were owned not by individual customers, but by local Bell System telephone companies — all of which were in turn owned by AT&T, which also owned Western Electric itself. Each phone was leased from AT&T on a monthly basis by customers, who generally paid for their phone and its connection many times over in cumulative lease fees. This monopoly made millions of extra dollars for AT&T, which had the secondary effect of greatly limiting phone choices and styles. AT&T strictly enforced policies against buying and using phones by other manufacturers that had not first been transferred to and re-rented from the local Bell monopoly. Many phones made by Western Electric thus carried the following disclaimer permanently molded into their housings: "BELL SYSTEM PROPERTY — NOT FOR SALE." Telephones were also labeled with a sticker marking the Bell Operating Company that owned the telephone. 195: 400:

public would be better, more progressive, efficient, and economical than competitive systems." In 1918 the federal government nationalized the entire telecommunications industry, with national security as the stated intent. Rates were regulated so that customers in large cities would pay higher rates to subsidize those in more remote areas. Vail was appointed to manage the telephone system with AT&T being paid a percentage of the telephone revenues. AT&T profited well from the nationalization arrangement which ended a year later. States then began regulating rates so that those in rural areas would not have to pay high prices, and the competition was highly regulated or prohibited in local markets. Also, potential competitors were forbidden from installing new lines to compete, with state governments wishing to avoid "duplication." The claim was that telephone service was a "

366:, " provision allowed Bell and the independents to exchange telephones in order to give each other geographical monopolies. So long as only one company served a given geographical area there was little reason to expect price competition to take place." AT&T focused on purchasing companies within specific geographic areas that increased its effective control of the telephone system market, while selling its less-desirable and previously acquired companies to independent buyers. Also included in the Kingsbury Commitment was the requirement that AT&T allow competitors to connect through its phone lines, which reduced the incentive of these companies to build competing long-distance lines. 347: 7117: 479: 1573:

a requirement for AT&T to expand its fiberoptic broadband service to at least 12.5 million customer locations, not to discriminate against other online video services using bandwidth caps, submit any "interconnection agreements" for government review, and offer low-cost internet services for low-income households. AT&T subsequently announced plans to converge its existing U-verse home internet and IPTV brands into a combined platform with DirecTV, tentatively known as AT&T Entertainment.

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Mobility significantly larger than any of its competitors. Regulators questioned the effects such a deal would have had on both competitors and consumers. AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson however stated that the merger would increase network quality and would lead to large savings for the company. AT&T stated it may have had to sell some assets to gain approval from regulators, but claimed to have done their "homework" on regulations.

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prompted the FBI and Department of Homeland Security to launch investigations into the possibility of a cyber attack being the cause of the blackout. AT&T however later claimed that it wasn't the result of a cyber attack, but rather a poorly timed server update Users were later compensated credit as a result of the outage. In March, the FCC opened an investigation into the outage.

1235:. It was then reported on October 2, 2007, that AT&T would purchase Interwise for $ 121 million, which it completed on November 2, 2007. Interwise was a leading global provider of voice, Web and video conferencing services to businesses. On October 9, 2007, AT&T purchased 12 MHz of spectrum in the prime 700 MHz spectrum band from privately held 1273:. The company said that it moved to gain better access to its customers and operations throughout the world, and to the key technology partners, suppliers, innovation and human resources needed as it continues to grow, domestically and internationally. AT&T Inc. previously relocated its corporate headquarters to San Antonio from 1048:(RBOC) in California and Nevada. 1997 brought rumors of a proposed merger between AT&T Corporation (the USA's largest long-distance provider) and SBC (the USA's largest local provider). The FCC disapproved of the merger, and it came to end. Later in 1997, SBC sold its last two cable companies, exiting the cable telecom field. 416:, which for some time had broadcast from AT&T headquarters in New York City. In return, RCA signed a service agreement with AT&T, ensuring any radio network RCA started would have transmission connections provided by AT&T. Both companies agreed to cross-license patents, ending that aspect of the dispute. RCA, 598:(Microwave Communications, Inc) to sell communication services to large businesses. This technical-economic argument against the necessity of AT&T's monopoly position would hold for a mere fifteen years until the beginning of the fiber-optics revolution sounded the end of microwave-based long distance. 1572:

for $ 48.5 billion, or $ 67.1 billion including assumed debt. The deal was aimed at increasing AT&T's market share in the pay-TV sector and give AT&T access to fast-growing Latin American markets. The transaction closed in July 2015. The deal is subject to conditions for four years, including

1326:, which provided services in the US under the name Cellular One in primarily rural areas. The closing price was $ 2.8B USD, or $ 13 per share. AT&T also agreed to assume the outstanding debt of $ 2.3B USD. The sale completed on November 15, 2007, with market transition beginning December 9, 2007. 647:

With the American consumer's new ability to purchase phones outright, AT&T and the Bell System lost the considerable revenues earned from phone leasing by local Bell companies. Forced to compete with other manufacturers for new phone sales, the aging Western Electric phone designs still marketed

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In 1880, the management of American Bell created what would become AT&T Long Lines. The project was the first of its kind to create a nationwide long-distance network with a commercially viable cost-structure. This project was formally incorporated into a separate company named American Telephone

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among its members, opposed the merger. "A deal like this, if not blocked on antitrust grounds, is of deep concern to all the innovative businesses that build everything from apps to handsets. It would be hypocritical for our nation to talk about unleashing innovation on one hand and then stand by as

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Also in 1999, AT&T paid US$ 5 billion to purchase IBM's Global Network business, which became AT&T Global Network Services, LLC. As part of the purchase agreement, IBM granted AT&T a five-year, US$ 5-billion contract to handle much of IBM's networking needs, and AT&T outsourced some

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By August 2, 2011, the governors of 26 states had written letters supporting the merger. On July 27 the attorneys general of Utah, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Dakota, West Virginia, and Wyoming sent a joint letter of support to the FCC. By August

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In January 1999, SBC announced it would purchase Comcast Cellular, for $ 1.7 billion, plus $ 1.3 billion of debt. During 1999 SBC continued to prepare to be allowed to provide long-distance phone service. In February SBC acquired up to ten percent of Williams Companies' telecommunications

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In 2004, the U.S. government eliminated equal access regulations that allowed long-distance phone companies to access the networks owned by the regional Bell carriers at fixed rates. This ultimately caused AT&T to move away from the residential telephone business — declaring in the process that

852:" and break the Regional Bell Companies' access-monopoly of the consumer household for data and telephony services, but the wager was costly, substantially increasing the company's debt. AT&T acquired TCI in a $ 48 billion all-stock transaction including the assumption of $ 16 billion of debt. 1438:

also voiced support for the merger. These organizations pointed to AT&T's commitment to labor, social, and environmental standards. Many of these organizations also cited how the merger is likely to accelerate 4G wireless deployment, thus helping underserved communities such as rural areas and

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American Telephone and Telegraph Company officially transferred full ownership of Southwestern Bell Telephone Company to Southwestern Bell Corporation on January 1, 1984. It had three other subsidiaries: Southwestern Bell Publications, Inc., a directory publisher; Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems,

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There are two giant entities at work in our country, and they both have an amazing influence on our daily lives ... one has given us radar, sonar, stereo, teletype, the transistor, hearing aids, artificial larynxes, talking movies, and the telephone. The other has given us the Civil War, the

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Around 1917, the idea that everyone in the country should have phone service and that the government should promote that began being discussed in government. AT&T agreed, saying in a 1917 annual report: "A combination of like activities under proper control and regulation, the service to the

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With long-distance rates falling and the market for telecommunications services overall weakening, AT&T could not sustain the debt it had incurred in these ventures. Moreover, the cost of upgrading TCI's equipment to handle two-way communications proved far higher than pre-merger estimates.

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military contracts. In 1949, the Justice Department filed an antitrust suit aimed at forcing the divestiture of Western Electric, which was settled seven years later by AT&T's agreement to confine its products and services to common carrier telecommunications and license its patents to "all

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decision that allowed third-party equipment to be connected to the AT&T telephone network. The rise of cheap microwave communications equipment in the 1960s and 1970s opened a window of opportunity for competitors — no longer was the acquisition of expensive rights-of-way necessary for the

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On February 22, 2024, cellular service was disrupted across the United States with "millions" unable to connect to the cellular network. Municipalities reported that AT&T customers were unable to place calls to emergency services, even when using their phone's SOS capability. The blackout

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for $ 39 billion from Deutsche Telekom. The deal would have seen the addition of 33.7 million subscribers, making AT&T Mobility the largest mobile phone company in the United States. AT&T Mobility would have had a 43% market share of mobile phones in the U.S. making AT&T

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Spanish–American War, the First World War, the Second World War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, double-digit inflation, double-digit unemployment, the Great Depression, the gasoline crisis, and the Watergate fiasco. Guess which one is now trying to tell the other one how to run its business?

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One of the new companies formed by the breakup of AT&T was Southwestern Bell Corporation. This company grew continuously over the years until it acquired AT&T in 2005. After this acquisition, SBC took on AT&T's name and branding, and this is the company known as AT&T today.

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On December 19, 2011, AT&T announced that it would permanently end its merger bid after a "thorough review of its options". As per the original acquisition agreement, T-Mobile will receive $ 3 billion in cash as well as access to $ 1 billion worth of AT&T-held wireless spectrum.

1700:, if they want approval for their $ 84.5 billion merger, according to a New York Times report citing people briefed on the matter. AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson told Business Insider on November 8 that he had no plans to do that. On November 20, 2017, Assistant Attorney General 384:, which greatly amplified telephone signals. The patent increased AT&T's control over the manufacture and distribution of long-distance telephone services and allowed the Bell System to build the United States' first coast-to-coast telephone line. Thanks to the pressures of 2352: 1110:

for more than US$ 16 billion. The announcement came almost eight years after SBC and AT&T (originally known as the American Telephone and Telegraph Company) called off their first merger talks and nearly a year after initial merger talks between AT&T Corp. and

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In the 1980s, after some consumers began buying phones from other manufacturers anyway, AT&T changed its policy by selling customers the phone's housing, retaining ownership of the mechanical components — which still required paying AT&T a monthly leasing fee.

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interested parties." A key effect of this was to ban AT&T from selling computers despite its key role in electronics research and development. Nonetheless, technological innovation continued. For example, AT&T commissioned the first experimental communications

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On April 21, 2011, AT&T defended its proposed acquisition of T-Mobile USA before a U.S. Senate committee, saying the combined company would deliver high-speed wireless services to 97 percent of Americans and provide consumer benefits such as fewer dropped calls.

1067:) to satisfy state and federal regulators, the two merged on October 8, 1999. The FCC later fined SBC Communications $ 6 million for failure to comply with agreements made in order to secure approval of the merger. SBC became the largest RBOC until the 1606:, in an effort to increase its media holdings. On October 22, 2016, AT&T announced a deal to buy Time Warner for $ 108.7 billion. If approved by federal regulators, the merger would bring AT&T's telecommunication holdings under the same umbrella as 1470:

Internet companies were generally skeptical of the merger because it leaves them with fewer counter-parties to negotiate with for getting their content and applications to customers. The AT&T merger might leave them dependent on just two, AT&T, and

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and members of Congress. These organizations feared that the merger will raise prices and stifle innovation by consolidating so much of the wireless industry in one company. Free Press and Public Knowledge started letter-writing campaigns against the deal.

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As part of the original negotiations, if AT&T's acquisition of T-Mobile USA were to be rejected by federal regulators, AT&T would need to pay $ 6 billion, including $ 3 billion in cash, to T-Mobile USA's parent company Deutsche Telekom.

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of its application processing and data management work to IBM. IBM also committed to billing and installation for AT&T's long-distance customers in a 10-year deal valued at US$ 4 billion; and assumed management of AT&T's data processing centers.

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On June 14, 2018, the acquisition of Time Warner was completed, and Time Warner was renamed to WarnerMedia. In September 2018, AT&T then reorganized operations into four main units: Communications, including consumer and business wireline telephony,

1055:(SNET) for $ 4.4 billion in stock (the FCC would approve in October 1998). SBC also won a court judgment that would make it easier for RBOCs to enter the long-distance phone service, but it was being challenged by AT&T and the FCC. In May 1998, 1565:. Roughly 2,700 wireline employees supporting AT&T's operations in Connecticut were expected to transfer with the business to Frontier, as well as 900,000 voice connections, 415,000 broadband connections, and 180,000 U-verse video subscribers. 1439:

disadvantaged urban communities. According to the NAACP, the merger would have "advance increased access to affordable and sustainable wireless broadband services and in turn stimulate job creation and civic engagement throughout our country."

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In June 2007, AT&T's new chairman and CEO, Randall Stephenson, discussed how wireless services are the core of "The New AT&T". With declining sales of traditional home phone lines, AT&T plans to roll out various new media such as

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While the new AT&T claims the old AT&T's history (dating to 1885) as its own, it retains SBC's corporate structure and pre-2005 stock price history. All pre-2005 regulatory filings are for Southwestern Bell/SBC, not AT&T.

883:, sparking rumors of a potential merger. But the parties fought for control of the project and could not even agree on the alliance's name. By mid-2001, customers were being directed to sign contracts with the parent companies, and 1510:

On November 30, 2011, the FCC allowed AT&T to withdraw their merger, saving both carriers from divulging documentation about internal operations. The FCC cited job loss and higher consumer prices as reasons to deny the merger.

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network, as long as they did not cause damage to the system. This ruling (13 F.C.C.2d 420) created the possibility of selling devices that could connect to the phone system and opened up the market to numerous products, including

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AT&T, RCA, and their patent allies and partners finally settled their disputes in 1926 by compromise. AT&T decided to focus on the telephone business as a communications common carrier and sold its broadcasting subsidiary

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On October 23, 2017, the deadline was extended for a short period of time to finalize the deal. The original deadline was on October 22. On November 28, 2017, it was announced that the merger would be extended until April 2018.

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from Hauser Communications for $ 650 million, becoming the first regional Bell telephone company to acquire a cable company outside its service area. In 1994, it called off a $ 1.6 billion acquisition attempt for 40% of

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On March 13, 2018, it was reported that AT&T had filed a trademark for "AT&T TV" with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, a possible signal that the telco company will finally eliminate its current brand names

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Inc., in the business of mobile telephone service; and Southwestern Bell Telecommunications, Inc., focusing on marketing phone equipment to business customers. The holding company's new president was Zane Edison Barnes.

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through AT&T failed to sell, and Western Electric eventually closed all of its U.S. phone manufacturing plants. AT&T, reduced in value by about 70%, continued to run all its long-distance services through

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began to suffer financial difficulties, AT&T bought De Forest's vacuum-tube patents for the bargain price of $ 50,000 ($ 1.54 million in 2009 dollars). In particular, AT&T acquired ownership of the

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Tarullo, Patsy Ronald. “American Telephone and Telegraph company: survey of its development through basic strategy and structure” (PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,

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on local telephone service in the United States until anti-trust regulators agreed to allow AT&T to retain Western Electric and enter general trades computer manufacture and sales in return for its offer to

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On September 12, 2017, it was reported that AT&T is planning to launch a brand new cable TV-like service for delivery over-the-top over its own or a competitor's broadband network sometime next year.

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in 1992 when it was then named Southwestern Bell Corporation. The company's Telecom Operations group, which serves residential and regional business customers in 22 U.S. states, remains in San Antonio.

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The merger was finalized on November 18, 2005. The merger left SBC as the nominal survivor. However, the merged company took the better-known AT&T name and branding, changing its corporate name to

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In 1995, Southwestern Bell Corporation became SBC Communications Inc. They then absorbed the Southwestern Bell Telecom division (which made telephone equipment) into the company due to new FCC rules.

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and Thomas Sanders. Renamed the National Bell Telephone Company in March 1879, it became the American Bell Telephone Company in March 1880. By 1881, it had bought a controlling interest in the

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In 1995, AT&T purchased long-distance provider Alaska Communications System. FCC approval required the company be run as an AT&T subsidiary rather than a more likely absorption into

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For most of the 20th century, AT&T subsidiary AT&T Long Lines thus enjoyed a near-total monopoly on long-distance telephone service in the United States. AT&T also controlled 22

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as CEO of AT&T. It was also acknowledged that AT&T's acquisitions of DirectTV and Time Warner had by this point resulted in a massive debt burden of $ 200 billion for the company.

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division for about $ 500 million, who were building a fiber-optic network across the country and would carry SBC's future service. On November 1, 1999, SBC became a part of the

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AT&T undertook a major reorganization in October 2000, moving its mobile phone and broadband units into separate companies, to allow each unit to raise capital independently.

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to sell off certain existing Centennial service areas in the states of Louisiana and Mississippi for $ 240 million pending the successful merger of AT&T and Centennial.

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On December 4, 2008, AT&T announced they would be cutting 12,000 jobs due to "economic pressures, a changing business mix and a more streamlined organizational structure".

4552: 4407: 222:. Only three years earlier, Western Union had turned down Gardiner Hubbard's offer to sell it all rights to the telephone for $ 100,000 ($ 3.16 million in 2009 dollars). 3622: 2246: 505:(FCC) regulated all services across state lines. These commissions controlled the rates that companies could charge and the specific services and equipment they could offer. 7145: 3838: 1342:, Centennial's largest stockholder, has agreed to vote in support of this transaction. In an attempt to quell regulators, on May 9, 2009, AT&T entered an agreement with 992:

Inc.'s cellular and paging business. That, in turn, boosted the company to the third-largest cellular communications company in the United States, behind McCaw Cellular and

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On August 31, 2011, the Department of Justice officially filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia seeking to block the acquisition.

632:. Under the settlement, AT&T ("Ma Bell") agreed to divest its local exchange service operating companies, in return for a chance to go into the computer business (see 3077: 7633: 5971: 3868: 3404: 404:," meaning that one firm could better serve the public than two or more. Eventually, AT&T's market share amounted to what most would regard as a monopolistic share. 3528: 2918: 957:

it would no longer market residential telephone service. Instead, its residential focus shifted to offering a voice service over a broadband Internet connection called

773:. The chairman of the company indicated AT&T implemented operations in 1989, based on the Baldridge standard, to achieve this goal actually for a 1994 application. 4730: 4491: 4285: 3100: 241:

on the telephone expired in 1893, but the company's much larger customer base made its service much more valuable than alternatives and substantial growth continued.

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made it known that he was pursuing a goal of "One Policy, One System, Universal Service." AT&T began purchasing competitors, which attracted the attention of

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The new AT&T updated the former AT&T's graphic logo (a new "marble" designed by Interbrand took over the "Death Star"); however, the existing AT&T

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owned all useful patents on vacuum tubes. RCA staked a position in wireless communication; AT&T pursued the use of tubes in telephone amplifiers. Some

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

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On February 25, 2021, AT&T announced that it would spin-off DirecTV, U-Verse TV, and DirecTV Stream into a separate entity, selling a 30% stake to

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that aid inpatient care. Key products include a telemetry device that monitors patient metrics, while toggling between WIFI and cellular connectivity.

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and SBC announced a $ 62 billion merger, in which SBC would take over Ameritech. After making several organizational changes (such as the sale of

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AT&T increased its control of the telephone system through its leasing arrangements for telephones and telephone equipment made by its subsidiary,

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in 1885, which acquired the Bell Telephone Company and became the primary telephone company in the United States. This company maintained an effective

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of 1913. One of the three terms of the agreement forbade AT&T from acquiring any more independent phone companies without the approval of the

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to create a wider North American network. In January 2015, AT&T announced it would be acquiring the bankrupt Mexican wireless business of

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for nearly $ 2.5 billion; the deal was approved by the FCC on February 4, 2008. On December 4, 2007, AT&T announced plans to acquire

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was proposed, but ultimately abandoned due to COVID-19 related growth in the Gaming industry, as well as a positive reception to upcoming

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On August 22, 2017, the merger was approved by Mexican authorities. On September 5, 2017, the merger was approved by Chilean authorities.

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allies and partners in RCA were angered when the two companies' research on tubes began to overlap, and there were many patent disputes.

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As a result of a combination of regulatory actions by government and actions by AT&T, the firm eventually gained what most regard as

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for an undisclosed price, subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory reviews. The deal was completed in June 2022.

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The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval, the approval of Centennial's stockholders and other customary closing conditions.

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vacuum tube repeater first tested between New York and Philadelphia in 1913. Transatlantic services started in 1927 using two-way

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

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A diverse group of industry and public-interest organizations opposed AT&T's merger with T-Mobile. Consumer groups including

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On January 31, 2018, it was reported that AT&T's next generation update of DirecTV Now will launch sometime this Spring.

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In 2002, SBC ended marketing its operating companies under different names, and simply opted to give its companies different

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television services were affected due to infrastructure damage to an AT&T service facility located near the blast site.

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The merger gained support from a wide number of civil rights, environmental, and business organizations. These include the

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ruling allowed a third-party device to be attached to rented telephones owned by AT&T. This was followed by the 1968

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On December 30, 1899, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company bought the assets of American Bell; this was because

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Reaction to the announced merger generated both support as well as opposition among various groups and communities.

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On June 27, 2008, AT&T announced that it would move its corporate headquarters from 175 East Houston Street in

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to ten million dollars, preventing the direct growth of American Bell itself) were more restrictive than those of

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The Anatomy of a Business Strategy: Bell, Western Electric, and the Origins of the American Telephone Industry

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to differentiate the company from the former AT&T Corporation. On December 1, 2005, the merged company's

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For many years, AT&T had been permitted to retain its monopoly status under the assumption that it was a

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because of FCC rules on cable companies. SBC would later start selling its current cable company interests.

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in the same year. One award was for the service category through AT&T Universal Card Services, based in

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cable), while retaining a 70% stake in the new standalone company. The deal was closed on August 2, 2021.

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into rural areas across the country. AT&T announced on June 29, 2007, however, that it was acquiring

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and the GTE merger. 1998 revenues were $ 46 billion, placing SBC among the top 15 companies in the

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In 1998, the company took over Teleport Communications Group, a company founded in 1985 to compete with

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networked server markets, but was unable to extract lasting financial or technological gains from the

7357: 7332: 7197: 6631: 6304: 6280: 6087: 6063: 5810: 5780: 5775: 5557: 4368: 3738: 1291: 1228: 922: 694: 657: 5009:"AT&T customers report a massive outage, disrupting phone service across America | CNN Business" 1714:

On March 7, 2018, the company prepared to sell a minority stake of DirecTV Latin America through an

256:, where AT&T was headquartered. With this transfer of assets, AT&T became the parent of the 7581: 7277: 6243: 6140: 5925: 5765: 5714: 1211: 833: 731:, NCR was divested again. At the same time, the majority of AT&T Technologies and the renowned 633: 556: 436: 7130: 4430: 2213: 7515: 7312: 7007: 6996: 6033: 5542: 5335: 5325: 2579: 2085: 1715: 1562: 1132: 926: 814: 690: 629: 560: 211: 148: 45: 3891: 2349: 1115:

fell apart. AT&T stockholders' meeting in Denver, approved the merger on June 30, 2005. The

7452: 7345: 7282: 7024: 6909: 6792: 6732: 6494: 6202: 5770: 5467: 1957: 1937: 1836: 1655: 795: 770: 707:

After its own attempt to penetrate the computer marketplace failed, in 1991, AT&T acquired

649: 459: 203: 140: 92: 5077: 4924:"AT&T, WarnerMedia Sell Playdemic Mobile Game Studio To Electronic Arts For $ 1.4 Billion" 2723: 2396: 1893:

On December 21, 2021, AT&T announced that they had agreed to sell Xandr (and AppNexus) to

949:

LLC in 2004. The merged wireless phone company operated as Cingular until 2007 when it became

7202: 7169: 6001: 5991: 5949: 5567: 5445: 5330: 5286: 1385:

wireless services. AT&T already had spectrum for the purpose close to what it is buying.

1247:

carrier in the Pacific Northwest. The Edge Wireless acquisition was completed in April 2008.

766: 249: 207: 144: 5192:

The Telephone Enterprise: The Evolution of the Bell System's Horizontal Structure, 1876–1909

5172: 3739:"AT&T Sets $ 85.4 Billion Time Warner Deal, CEOs Talk 'Unique' Potential of Combination" 2720:"AT&T Agrees to Sell Certain Centennial Communications Corp. Assets to Verizon Wireless" 701:, would be fully merged and absorbed into American Telephone and Telegraph Company in 1991. 7628: 7054: 6717: 6624: 5734: 5724: 1840: 1462:

publicly opposed the AT&T merger. These groups attempted to persuade a majority of the

1459: 1361:

deployment climbed to 20,000 hotspots in the United States, the most of any U.S. provider.

1256: 686: 616:

The rest of the telephone monopoly lasted until January 8, 1982, the date of settlement of

431:

In 1925, AT&T created a new unit called Bell Telephone Laboratories, commonly known as

336: 3461:"AT&T to expand North American coverage area with Mexico carrier Iusacell acquisition" 2123: 2007: 1858:, around 300 jobs might get affected as it was planning to cut its workforce in Slovakia. 917:

The logo for AT&T Comcast, the original name for the AT&T Broadband/Comcast merger

171:, the former Southwestern Bell Company, in 2005, and the combined company became known as 8: 7535: 7472: 7422: 6767: 6673: 6584: 6353: 6259: 6111: 5689: 5390: 4186: 2977:

Sara Jerome (March 23, 2011). "T-Mobile, AT&T merger to draw torrent of opposition".

2078: 1705: 1637: 1544: 1287: 1274: 1107: 1086: 958: 810: 736: 483: 335:

regulators. To avoid antitrust action, in a deal with the government, Vail agreed to the

152: 5598: 4182:"The Justice Department is suing AT&T to block its $ 85 billion bid for Time Warner" 780:, for $ 11.5 billion and kick-started its cellular division with 2 million subscribers. 7432: 7302: 7237: 6802: 6772: 6594: 6286: 6048: 5822: 5185: 4928: 4862: 4735: 4280: 3743: 3432: 3189:"FCC approves AT&T's purchase of Leap Wireless, says it's 'in the public interest'" 2852: 2228: 2102: 1784: 1558: 1060: 1022: 899: 653: 607: 595: 594:

construction of a long-distance telephone network. In light of this, the FCC permitted

563:

to most of the United States. While there were many "independent telephone companies",

537: 5347: 2686:"AT&T Completes Acquisition of Dobson Communications to Enhance Wireless Coverage" 739:. The industry as a whole had many other reorganizations since the 1990s, both due to 7495: 7397: 7375: 7287: 7217: 7192: 7121: 6812: 6782: 6762: 6320: 6018: 5547: 5532: 5435: 5228: 5220: 5164: 5154: 5147: 5065: 5026: 4702: 4129: 2206:"Justice Department Files Antitrust Suit and Consent Decree in AT&T-McCaw Merger" 1866: 1855: 1584:

for around $ 1.875 billion. AT&T subsequently merged the two companies to create

1263: 1092: 946: 930: 841: 712: 529: 448: 5268:

History and science resources at The Franklin Institute's Case Files online exhibit.

4698:"Sony's Funimation acquires anime streaming service Crunchyroll for $ 1.175 billion" 4276:"AT&T's DirecTV Latin America Unit Files for IPO as Prelude to Possible Spinoff" 1654:

On July 13, 2017, it was reported that AT&T is going to introduce a cloud-based

1621:

On February 15, 2017, Time Warner shareholders approved the merger. On February 28,

1322:

On June 29, 2007, AT&T announced that they had reached an agreement to purchase

7623: 7596: 7500: 7292: 7227: 6877: 6777: 6742: 6737: 6727: 6722: 6589: 5915: 5842: 5795: 5709: 5704: 5582: 5480: 5475: 5380: 5279: 4731:"Sony's Funimation Global Group Completes Acquisition of Crunchyroll from AT&T" 4462:"The court's decision to let AT&T and Time Warner to merge is ridiculously bad" 2792: 2787: 2748: 1953: 1933: 1844: 1735: 1528: 1447: 1343: 1283: 1220: 1186: 1182: 950: 938: 845: 829: 788: 682: 580: 509: 455: 417: 401: 346: 253: 215: 1443:

2011 state regulatory agencies in Arizona and Louisiana approved the acquisition.

478: 300: 7390: 7385: 6838: 6552: 6444: 6217: 6011: 6006: 5739: 5537: 5430: 5400: 5364: 5218: 3954:"DirecTV Now to finally get cloud DVR as part of AT&T video platform rollout" 3047:"AT&T and T-Mobile: Is the deal dead? No one knows. – September 1, 2011" 2642: 2600: 2574: 2514: 2356: 2345: 2336: 1883: 1877: 1848: 1727: 1667: 1451: 1354: 1323: 1267: 1232: 1190: 1146: 993: 799: 708: 440: 689:

and was divided into several units focused on specific customer groups, such as

7566: 7412: 7367: 7317: 7242: 6817: 5644: 5606: 5520: 5440: 5395: 5375: 3128:"AT&T admits defeat on T-Mobile takeover, will pay $ 4 billion breakup fee" 3020:"T-Mobile Antitrust Challenge Leaves AT&T With Little Recourse on Takeover" 2878: 2450:"AT&T and BellSouth Join to Create a Premier Global Communications Company" 1779:

On April 24, 2020, AT&T announced that effective July 1, 2020, company COO

1701: 1585: 1236: 822: 777: 490: 6109: 5891: 5414: 3861:"Starz Accepts Rate Cut As Lionsgate Offers Stock For New Deals With AT&T" 1629:

announced that his agency will not review the deal, leaving the review to the

182: 7617: 7576: 7442: 7380: 7257: 6986: 6807: 6757: 6747: 6385: 6038: 5505: 5495: 5385: 5370: 5091: 4764:"AT&T outages across Tennessee, Kentucky affecting multiple 911 services" 3989: 2646: 2593: 2279: 1550: 1524: 1350: 1240: 1135: 1068: 934: 876: 755: 744: 571:

was far larger than all the others, and widely considered a monopoly itself.

370: 328: 267: 245: 227: 219: 147:, who obtained the first US patent for the telephone, and his father-in-law, 5936: 5616: 4839:"WarnerMedia Parent AT&T Sells DirecTV Stake To Private Equity Firm TPG" 4018:"AT&T-Time Warner merger approved with conditions by Chilean regulators" 2032: 1658:

streaming service as part of its effort to create a unified platform across

1496:

threats to innovation like this are proposed," said Ed Black, head of CCIA.

304:

AT&T as grasping octopus taking control of entire cities out West. from

7467: 7427: 7417: 7340: 7252: 7247: 6797: 6752: 6043: 6028: 5817: 5572: 5500: 5490: 5405: 3131: 2756: 2693: 1810: 1780: 1743: 1615: 1602:

On October 20, 2016, it was reported that AT&T was in talks to acquire

1581: 1400: 872: 868: 784: 751: 740: 724: 494: 463: 275: 3428:"AT&T Sees DirecTV, Broadband Subscriber Gains in Q1 as U-verse Fades" 2008:"Historical Statistics of the United States Colonial Times to 1970 Part 1" 1591:

On March 6, 2015, it was announced that AT&T will be removed from the

1033: 1000:

took over as president of Southwestern Bell. Headquarters were moved from

887:, as the venture was eventually known, was scrapped in October that year. 164:

by divesting itself of ownership of the Bell Operating Companies in 1982.

7540: 7525: 7520: 7505: 7477: 7457: 7307: 7212: 7177: 7039: 6941: 6712: 6647: 6523: 6173: 6068: 6053: 5847: 5562: 5510: 5450: 5318: 4338:"At the last minute, AT&T withdraws the planned IPO of its Vrio unit" 3101:"AT&T Ends Bid To Add Network Capacity Through T-Mobile USA Purchase" 1873: 1862: 1817: 1769: 1663: 1603: 1554: 1427: 1423: 1259: 1072: 1005: 997: 818: 568: 533: 498: 385: 381: 318: 257: 187: 5886: 5217:

Pizer, Russell A. The Tangled Web of Patent #174465, AuthorHouse, 2009,

4635:"AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson to step down, COO Stankey to take over" 4110:"AT&T & DOJ Fire Off Dueling Trial Dates In Merger War – Update" 1334:

On November 11, 2008, AT&T announced a $ 944 million buyout of

462:. AT&T ranked 13th among United States corporations in the value of 7207: 7182: 5177: 3521:"AT&T to merge Nextel and Iusacell, but retain Unefon – BNamericas" 1825: 1751: 1596: 989: 848:

in the world. It intended to use these assets to bridge the so-called "

590: 520: 444: 2911:"On Call: Civil rights groups line up behind AT&T-T-Mobile merger" 1087:

2000–2005: One national brand, and acquisition of AT&T Corporation

913: 7591: 7586: 7462: 7447: 7222: 6893: 6787: 6473: 6423: 6264: 6207: 6192: 5827: 5805: 5744: 5515: 5485: 5116:"AT&T will give $ 5 to customers hit by cellphone network outage" 4607:"AT&T, Nihon Kohden Expand Telemeter Wireless Networking Options" 3892:"AT&T's 'next-gen' TV platform rollout will start on DirecTV Now" 3338: 3333: 1894: 1803: 1795: 1648: 1484: 1431: 1299: 1178: 1150: 1112: 1096: 1056: 1001: 837: 732: 698: 641: 626: 468: 432: 413: 355: 332: 136: 5611: 1843:, caused AT&T service outages across the U.S., but primarily in 1738:, and consumer entertainment video services; WarnerMedia, including 34: 7352: 7267: 7160: 6452: 6431: 6410: 6398: 4576:"UPDATE 2-AT&T defeats U.S. in merger fight to buy Time Warner" 3802:"FCC chief: AT&T-Time Warner deal won't face agency's scrutiny" 3299:"AT&T & DirecTV Merger Gets FCC Approval – With Conditions" 2783:"AT&T buys $ 2 billion worth of 4G spectrum from Qualcomm" 1626: 1577: 1378: 1370: 1017: 1013: 895: 871:. That same year, AT&T announced a US$ 1 billion alliance with 545: 324: 156: 4812:"AT&T to cut Slovakia workforce, unions expect 300 jobs to go" 3831:"AT&T's $ 85.4 billion deal for Time Warner wins EU thumbs-up" 1206: 7322: 7297: 7262: 6544: 6515: 6507: 6227: 6222: 6197: 6058: 5996: 5587: 5302: 3706:

Gryta, Thomas; Hagey, Keach; Cimilluca, Dana (October 22, 2016).

2316: 1910: 1723: 1689: 1659: 1569: 1472: 1279: 1224: 1161: 1044:

In 1996, SBC announced it would acquire Pacific Telesis Group, a

970: 942: 857: 711:(National Cash Register), hoping to capitalize on the burgeoning 636:). AT&T's local operations were split into seven independent 524: 472: 364:

The Telecommunications Industry: The Dynamics Of Market Structure

231: 198:

AT&T's lines and metallic circuit connections. March 1, 1891.

172: 132: 4400:"'AT&T TV' Trademark Hints At Another New Streaming Service" 3644:

Hagey, Keach; Sharma, Amol; Cimilluca, Dana (October 21, 2016).

3366:"AT&T Plans on Killing the DirecTV Name Starting in January" 1138:

was changed from "SBC" to the traditional "T" used by AT&T.

1099:

since 1993), and it gave the holding companies it had purchased

583:. The first erosion to this monopoly occurred in 1956 where the 7571: 7044: 6733:

The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia

6156: 5749: 5577: 5271: 3556: 3158:"AT&T To Acquire Leap Wireless (Cricket) For Around $ 1.2B" 2752: 2689: 2332: 1972: 1832:

in December 2020, with the acquisition closing in August 2021.

1644: 1523:

On July 12, 2013, AT&T announced it is agreeing to acquire

1480: 1373:

announced that AT&T would buy $ 1.93 billion worth of

1270: 720: 439:

unit proved highly successful, pioneering, among other things,

393: 279: 238: 6616: 5979: 3582:

Hammond, Ed; Sherman, Alex; Moritz, Scott (October 20, 2016).

1568:

On May 18, 2014, AT&T announced it had agreed to purchase

1388: 1357:

in the United States. With the acquisition, AT&T's public

7437: 7272: 6465: 6369: 6212: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 4983:"FCC opens formal investigation into massive AT&T outage" 4956: 3584:"AT&T Discussed Idea of Takeover in Time Warner Meetings" 3220:"AT&T to expand in Latin America with America Movil deal" 2879:"AT&T and T-Mobile create biggest US firm in $ 39bn deal" 2292: 1880:

for $ 43 billion. The merger was completed on April 8, 2022.

1755: 1688:

informed AT&T and Time Warner that they must sell either

1488: 1419: 1411: 1358: 1100: 1009: 856:

for $ 54 billion in cash and stock, after a bidding war with

677: 541: 294: 283: 4879:"AT&T spins off WarnerMedia, combines it with Discovery" 1329: 574: 167:

AT&T Corporation was eventually purchased by one of the

5194:(Johns Hopkins/At&T Series in Telephone History, 1985.) 4639: 3708:"AT&T Reaches Deal to Buy Time Warner for $ 86 Billion" 3552:"Apple To Replace AT&T In Dow Jones Industrial Average" 3491:"AT&T to buy NII Holdings' wireless business in Mexico" 2348:, New York: Random House, 2010. Cf. especially Chapter 18, 1821: 1799: 1549:

In September 2013, AT&T announced it would expand into

1492: 1399:

On March 20, 2011, AT&T announced its intention to buy

1312: 979: 828:

Armstrong's most prominent strategy was buying significant

761:

On October 1992, AT&T was the first company to win two

716: 452: 351: 6738:

The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company of Virginia

6728:

The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company of Maryland

6695: 4545:"Appeals Court Won't Stop the AT&T-Time Warner Merger" 4308:"AT&T Inc. Statement Regarding Planned Vrio Corp. IPO" 3985:"AT&T's $ 85B Time Warner deal gets Mexico's approval" 3772:"Time Warner shareholders vote to approve AT&T merger" 1790:

As a result of planned cost cutting programs, the sale of

1106:

On January 31, 2005, SBC announced that it would purchase

776:

In 1994, AT&T purchased the largest cellular carrier,

743:

and because of technological advances reducing demand and

7487: 7407: 5048:"AT&T outage caused by software update, company says" 4882: 4049:"AT&T CEO: Bye-Bye DirecTV, Hello AT&T OTT Video" 3923:"AT&T To Offer Cloud-Based DVR To Streaming Services" 2618:"AT&T moving headquarters to Dallas from San Antonio" 1747: 1697: 1607: 1302:

continues as home to the company's Directory operations,

1064: 806: 425: 389: 4667:"AT&T to Scrap Sale of Warner Bros. Video-Game Unit" 3677:"AT&T agrees to buy Time Warner for more than $ 80B" 1576:

On November 7, 2014, AT&T announced its purchase of

941:

assets. AT&T Broadband was subsequently acquired by

902:. In 2002, it closed down the research part of the lab. 787:

for Excellence in Manufacturing at the Microelectronics

754:

for Excellence in Manufacturing at the Microelectronics

263:

By 1902 there were 1,317,000 telephones under AT&T.

4519:"AT&T revises segment structure on Time Warner buy" 4215:"AT&T's big DirecTV Now update arrives this Spring" 2568:

AT&T moving headquarters to Dallas from San Antonio

1518: 1382: 1095:

names based on the state (a practice already in use by

1012:, in February 1993. It acquired two cable companies in 663:

A sign that hung in many Bell facilities in 1983 read:

4484: 3646:"AT&T Is in Advanced Talks to Acquire Time Warner" 2425: 1051:

In January 1998, SBC announced it would take over the

226:

and Telegraph Company on March 3, 1885. Starting from

6516:

R.H. Donnelley Publishing and Advertising of Illinois

5258: 5199:

Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications

4952:"Microsoft to buy Xandr ad marketplace from AT&T" 4574:

Bartz, Diane; Shepardson, David (February 26, 2019).

2853:"AT&T Buys T-Mobile: Great For Them, Bad For You" 2583:. Saturday June 28, 2008. Retrieved on June 18, 2009. 2181:"ATT WINS 2 MALCOLM BALDRIGE NATIONAL QUALITY AWARDS" 2082:

The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis

1854:

In January 2021, AT&T announced that, due to the

1538: 1420:

Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD)

274:

in 1915. This connection used a system of lines with

5163:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1990. 3643: 3581: 3074:"FCC Allows AT&T to Withdraw Merger Application" 2822:"AT&T to Buy T-Mobile USA for $ 39 billion" 1993: 1991: 1754:

brand; and Advertising and Analytics, since renamed

1028: 5209:

The Biggest Company on Earth: A Profile of AT&T

3705: 2722:. newsticker.welt.de. April 9, 2009. Archived from 1364: 1173:(FCC) approved the new AT&T's acquisition of a 704:In 1991, AT&T discontinued telegraph services. 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7634:History of telecommunications in the United States 4762:Gill, Joey; Posey, Sebastian (December 25, 2020). 4665:Ahmed, Nabila; Moritz, Scott (September 1, 2020). 3452: 2426:Bartash, Jeffry; Jonathan Burton (March 5, 2006). 2397:"AT&T closes $ 86 billion BellSouth deal" 1768:By 2019, AT&T had developed partnerships with 1381:, this spectrum will be used to expand AT&T's 1250: 523:and other devices to be connected directly to the 424:were now free to combine their assets to form the 190:logo (called the Blue Bell) used from 1889 to 1900 5182:The Deal of the Century: The Breakup of AT&T 5161:Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude 3615:"Report: AT&T considering buying Time Warner" 3006:Report: AT&T pays $ 6B if T-Mobile deal fails 2636:AT&T Corporate Headquarters to Move to Dallas 2428:"AT&T to pay $ 67 billion for BellSouth" 1988: 1872:In May 2021, AT&T announced it will spin off 1477:Computer & Communication Industry Association 1317: 7615: 4976: 4974: 4108:Patten, Dade Hayes, Dominic (29 November 2017). 3397:"AT&T Enters Next Phase in DirecTV Branding" 1765:uphold the AT&T acquisition of Time Warner. 1761:On February 26, 2019, it was announced that the 1119:cleared the merger on October 27, 2005, and the 7162:Internet service providers of the United States 4573: 2293:Teleport Communications Group (March 5, 1998). 6723:The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company 6342: 4079:"AT&T extends Time Warner merger deadline" 2452:(Press release). AT&T. December 29, 2006. 2372:(Press release). AT&T. November 18, 2005. 1927: 1925: 1847:. Cellular, wireline telephone, Internet, and 1395:Attempted purchase of T-Mobile USA by AT&T 1156: 672: 7146: 6632: 6095: 5965: 5941: 5287: 4971: 3853: 2993:AT&T defends T-Mobile deal to U.S. Senate 2945:"States weigh in on AT&T-T-Mobile merger" 2662:(Press release). AT&T. December 4, 2008. 2538:"AT&T completes buy out of Edge Wireless" 375: 6982:Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site 5838:Michigan Bell and Western Electric Warehouse 5031:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4151:"AT&T has 'no intention' of selling CNN" 4134:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3217: 2620:. Dallas News. June 27, 2008. Archived from 783:In 1994, AT&T Technologies received the 750:In 1992, AT&T Technologies received the 7030:New England Telephone and Telegraph Company 5791:AT&T Building (Denmark, South Carolina) 4664: 4046: 3273:"AT&T Completes Acquisition of DirecTV" 2976: 1922: 1389:2011: Attempted acquisition of T-Mobile USA 1196: 945:in 2002, and AT&T Wireless merged with 840:(gaining through the latter a 25% share of 501:and all the other telephone companies. The 7153: 7139: 6718:The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania 6639: 6625: 6112:American Telephone & Telegraph Company 6102: 6088: 5981:United States landline telephone companies 5972: 5958: 5294: 5280: 5007:Fung, Melissa Alonso, Brian (2024-02-22). 4369:"AT&T Files Trademark For AT&T TV" 3017: 1774:mobile health-related connectivity devices 1201: 678:1991–2004: Spinoffs and change in services 293:did not arrive until Sept. 25, 1956, with 6569:Northern New England Telephone Operations 4921: 4836: 4761: 4629: 4627: 3920: 3736: 3425: 2938: 2936: 2904: 2902: 2900: 1330:2008: Centennial and Wayport acquisitions 763:Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Awards 210:and his financiers, principal among them 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 6674:American Telephone and Telegraph Company 5730:Detroit–Columbia Central Office Building 4273: 4047:Engebretson, Joan (September 12, 2017). 3244: 3098: 3008:." May 13, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011. 2995:." May 11, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011. 2328: 2326: 1952: 1932: 1416:League of United Latin American Citizens 1349:On December 12, 2008, AT&T acquired 1313:Post-consolidation wireless acquisitions 1205: 1160: 1032: 980:1984–2001: Southwestern Bell Corporation 912: 844:), AT&T was the largest provider of 477: 345: 299: 193: 181: 153:American Telephone and Telegraph Company 5715:AT&T Switching Center (Los Angeles) 4876: 4604: 4542: 4059:from the original on September 14, 2017 3951: 3737:Littleton, Cynthia (October 22, 2016). 3501:from the original on September 18, 2015 3394: 3071: 3044: 2972: 2970: 2560: 2535: 2487:from the original on September 20, 2015 2474: 2226: 2099:"Bell System History – The Bell System" 1975:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 266:National long-distance service reached 14: 7616: 6860: 6696:Local telephone companies still extant 4895: 4677:from the original on September 4, 2020 4624: 4586:from the original on February 26, 2019 4555:from the original on February 27, 2019 4212: 4194:from the original on November 21, 2017 4148: 4107: 4015: 3982: 3889: 3458: 3329:"FCC approves AT&T–DirecTV merger" 3226:from the original on 24 September 2015 3026:from the original on November 16, 2011 2933: 2897: 2885:from the original on November 25, 2011 2816: 2814: 2634:AT&T – News Room (June 27, 2008). 2548:from the original on December 31, 2008 2394: 2265: 1792:Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment 1696:, the group of channels that includes 1053:Southern New England Telephone Company 832:assets. After acquiring John Malone's 486:, rented to U.S. telephone subscribers 7134: 7075: 6992:Bell Homestead National Historic Site 6963: 6859: 6694: 6658: 6620: 6341: 6122: 6083: 5953: 5940: 5710:AT&T Switching Center (Manhattan) 5275: 4980: 4949: 4855: 4837:Goldsmith, Jill (February 25, 2021). 4787: 4728: 4710:from the original on February 2, 2021 4695: 4459: 4428: 4366: 4225:from the original on February 1, 2018 4161:from the original on November 9, 2017 4089:from the original on October 23, 2017 4028:from the original on December 1, 2017 3769: 3751:from the original on October 23, 2016 3718:from the original on October 23, 2016 3687:from the original on October 23, 2016 3656:from the original on October 22, 2016 3625:from the original on October 24, 2016 3594:from the original on October 21, 2016 3426:Littleton, Cynthia (April 26, 2016). 3407:from the original on December 4, 2015 3376:from the original on December 8, 2015 3279:from the original on January 29, 2017 3253:from the original on 17 December 2013 3186: 3107:from the original on February 7, 2012 3080:from the original on December 1, 2011 3018:Schoenberg, Tom (September 1, 2011). 2850: 2566:Godinez, Victor and David McLemore. " 2407:from the original on January 24, 2008 2323: 1973:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 1282:continues to be the headquarters for 1103:names based on their general region. 925:in what was then the world's largest 727:of the U.S. telecom industry via the 272:First transcontinental telephone call 7050:Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company 7040:The Bell Telephone Company of Canada 7035:International Bell Telephone Company 6123: 5921: 5660:AT&T Building (Kingman, Arizona) 5006: 4950:Foley, Mary Jo (December 21, 2021). 4516: 4397: 4179: 4116:from the original on 28 October 2020 3471:from the original on January 3, 2016 3363: 3126:Lee, Timothy B. (19 December 2011). 3045:Goldman, David (September 1, 2011). 2967: 2456:from the original on 11 October 2007 2376:from the original on 11 October 2007 1746:film and television production, and 1519:2013–2014: Leap Wireless acquisition 412:to RCA. The assets included station 380:', the first triode (three-element) 369:In 1913, after vacuum-tube inventor 327:status. In 1907, AT&T president 151:. Bell and Hubbard also established 57:adding citations to reliable sources 28: 5786:AT&T Building (Davenport, Iowa) 4788:Timms, Mariah (December 25, 2020). 4743:from the original on August 9, 2021 4543:Gardner, Eriq (February 26, 2019). 4517:Betz, Brandy (September 21, 2018). 4441:from the original on March 20, 2018 4431:"Will AT&T Get Rid Of U-verse?" 4410:from the original on March 17, 2018 4379:from the original on March 13, 2018 4288:from the original on March 10, 2018 4255:from the original on March 15, 2018 3841:from the original on March 16, 2017 3549: 3459:Nguyen, Chuong (November 7, 2014). 3440:from the original on April 27, 2016 3199:from the original on March 13, 2014 3138:from the original on 8 October 2020 3125: 3072:Shields, Todd (November 30, 2011). 2955:from the original on March 28, 2021 2921:from the original on March 28, 2021 2859:from the original on March 28, 2012 2811: 2795:. December 20, 2010. Archived from 2763:from the original on 7 January 2009 2666:from the original on August 5, 2020 2395:Vorman, Julie (December 29, 2006). 2210:United States Department of Justice 2124:"AT&T exits telegraph business" 1686:United States Department of Justice 1369:On December 20, 2011, AT&T and 1340:Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe 929:(IPO). Later that year it spun off 821:", eying Internet services for the 624:United States Department of Justice 135:dates back to the invention of the 24: 7076: 6659: 5144:Telephone: The First Hundred Years 5136: 4472:from the original on June 15, 2018 4348:from the original on June 15, 2018 3997:from the original on June 17, 2018 3964:from the original on July 23, 2017 3933:from the original on July 13, 2017 3921:Lieberman, David (July 13, 2017). 3902:from the original on July 13, 2017 3674: 3612: 3395:Farrell, Mike (December 2, 2015). 3345:from the original on July 24, 2015 3309:from the original on July 25, 2015 3218:Sinead Carew (18 September 2013). 3168:from the original on July 14, 2013 3053:from the original on March 9, 2012 2942: 2908: 2832:from the original on 22 March 2011 2749:"AT&T Advanced Wi-Fi Strategy" 2660:"Job cuts mount as year-end nears" 2513:. December 4, 2007. Archived from 2272:"75 Power Players: The Outsides". 1643:AT&T also owns a ~2% stake in 1539:Recent developments (2013–present) 1426:. Labor organizations such as the 1037:SBC Communications logo, 2001–2005 892:Olivetti & Oracle Research Lab 25: 7645: 5250: 4922:Goldsmith, Jill (June 23, 2021). 4429:Swann, Phillip (March 19, 2018). 4367:Swann, Phillip (March 13, 2018). 4180:Fung, Brian (November 21, 2017). 4016:Munson, Ben (September 5, 2017). 3983:Aycock, Jason (August 22, 2017). 3952:Frankel, Daniel (July 13, 2017). 3890:Lawler, Richard (July 13, 2017). 3871:from the original on May 19, 2017 3782:from the original on 1 April 2019 3531:from the original on 6 March 2017 2700:from the original on 24 June 2009 1647:-domiciled entertainment company 1533:Federal Communications Commission 1464:Federal Communications Commission 1436:Communications Workers of America 1377:from Qualcomm. Formerly used for 1171:Federal Communications Commission 1169:On Friday December 29, 2006, the 1123:approved it on October 31, 2005. 1121:Federal Communications Commission 1029:1995–2000: Changes to the company 638:Regional Bell operating companies 517:Federal Communications Commission 503:Federal Communications Commission 169:Regional Bell Operating Companies 7115: 6713:Bell Telephone Company of Nevada 5920: 5911: 5910: 5655:AT&T Building (Indianapolis) 5301: 5108: 5084: 5045: 5039: 5000: 4943: 4915: 4889: 4870: 4849: 4830: 4804: 4781: 4755: 4696:Moore, D.M. (December 9, 2020). 4605:Donovan, Fred (March 12, 2019). 4314:. April 18, 2018. Archived from 4274:Spangler, Todd (March 7, 2018). 4213:Fingas, Jon (January 31, 2018). 4149:Ciolli, Joe (November 8, 2017). 2851:Segan, Sascha (March 20, 2011). 2477:"AT&T's new chief dialed in" 1365:2011: Qualcomm spectrum purchase 567:being the most significant, the 206:superseded an agreement between 33: 7096:Regional Bell Operating Company 6646: 5883:Naming rights and sponsorships 5781:AT&T Long Distance Building 4722: 4689: 4658: 4647:from the original on 2020-09-25 4598: 4567: 4536: 4510: 4453: 4422: 4391: 4360: 4330: 4300: 4267: 4237: 4206: 4173: 4142: 4101: 4071: 4040: 4009: 3976: 3945: 3914: 3883: 3823: 3812:from the original on 2017-10-11 3794: 3770:Kludt, Tom (15 February 2017). 3763: 3730: 3699: 3668: 3637: 3613:Yu, Robert (October 20, 2016). 3606: 3575: 3564:from the original on 2016-09-14 3543: 3513: 3483: 3419: 3388: 3364:Bode, Karl (December 2, 2015). 3357: 3321: 3291: 3265: 3238: 3211: 3187:Welch, Chris (March 13, 2014). 3180: 3150: 3119: 3092: 3065: 3038: 3011: 2998: 2985: 2871: 2844: 2775: 2741: 2712: 2678: 2652: 2628: 2610: 2586: 2542:American City Business Journals 2536:Antonio, San (April 18, 2008). 2529: 2499: 2468: 2442: 2419: 2388: 2362: 2305: 2286: 2239: 2229:"The fall of AT&T Wireless" 2220: 2198: 2173: 2147: 2136:from the original on 2012-12-09 2039:from the original on 2020-11-12 1336:Centennial Communications Corp. 1251:Headquarters moves and job cuts 1175:regional Bell Operating Company 1046:Regional Bell Operating Company 890:In 1999, AT&T acquired the 885:Concert Communications Services 805:In 1997, AT&T hired former 612:Regional Bell Operating Company 575:Erosion of "a natural monopoly" 493:commissions in state and local 410:Broadcasting Company of America 44:needs additional citations for 6964: 6834:Southern New England Telephone 6532:Southern New England Telephone 4896:Koblin, John (April 8, 2022). 4877:Stelter, Brian (17 May 2021). 4856:Hayes, Dade (August 2, 2021). 4729:Mateo, Alex (August 9, 2021). 3675:Yu, Roger (October 22, 2016). 3099:AT&T (December 19, 2011). 2607:. Retrieved on March 25, 2009. 2475:Johnson, K C (June 24, 2007). 2116: 2091: 2068: 2059: 2050: 2025: 2000: 1814:titles from fans and critics. 1318:2007: Cellular One acquisition 1304:AT&T Advertising Solutions 1286:, with significant offices in 964: 729:Telecommunications Act of 1996 341:Interstate Commerce Commission 248:corporate laws (which limited 13: 1: 7002:Telephone Pioneers of America 6926:Advanced Mobile Phone Service 6508:SBC Communications / AT&T 6223:Southwestern Bell Corporation 5675:AT&T Center (Los Angeles) 5670:AT&T Building (San Diego) 5665:AT&T Building (Nashville) 4981:Gregg, Aaron (7 March 2024). 4460:Patel, Nilay (15 June 2018). 4398:Bode, Karl (March 16, 2018). 3275:. Reuters. January 26, 2015. 3245:AT&T (17 December 2013). 2649:. Retrieved on June 27, 2008. 2507:"AT&T Buys Edge Wireless" 1763:D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals 1553:through a collaboration with 1227:, and to extend its reach in 921:On July 9, 2001, it spun off 586:Hush-A-Phone v. United States 426:National Broadcasting Company 6362:Advanced American Telephones 6203:Bell Communications Research 5720:AT&T Tower (Minneapolis) 5705:AT&T Long Lines Building 5695:AT&T Huron Road Building 5184:, New York: Atheneum. 1986 4898:"Hollywood Gets a New Giant" 2881:. BBC News. March 21, 2011. 2212:. 1994-07-15. Archived from 1967:American Antiquarian Society 1947:American Antiquarian Society 1916: 1593:Dow Jones Industrial Average 1081:Dow Jones Industrial Average 7: 7511:Consolidated Communications 7403:Consolidated Communications 7233:Consolidated Communications 7055:AT&T Technologies, Inc. 6577:New Communications Holdings 6378:QLT Consumer Lease Services 6024:Consolidated Communications 5685:AT&T Center (St. Louis) 5680:AT&T Center (Milwaukee) 5650:AT&T Building (Detroit) 4344:. Reuters. April 19, 2018. 3837:. Reuters. March 15, 2017. 2227:Richman, Dan (2004-09-21). 1904: 1742:cable television networks, 1187:AT&T's cellular service 1157:2006: BellSouth acquisition 673:Post break-up restructuring 312: 143:was established in 1877 by 10: 7650: 6343:Second generation spinoffs 6305:AT&T Wireless Services 6281:AT&T Submarine Systems 5700:AT&T Lenox Park Campus 5558:AT&T Business Internet 5146:, Harper & Row, 1976, 2233:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 2033:"First Telephone Repeater" 1708:to block the acquisition. 1704:filed a lawsuit under the 1694:Turner Broadcasting System 1612:Turner Broadcasting System 1542: 1392: 1117:U.S. Department of Justice 968: 923:AT&T Wireless Services 865:New York Telephone Company 854:AT&T acquired MediaOne 695:AT&T Consumer Products 605: 601: 482:Standard Western Electric 316: 177: 7549: 7486: 7366: 7331: 7198:Blue Ridge Communications 7168: 7112: 7086: 7082: 7071: 7017: 6974: 6970: 6959: 6934: 6918: 6902: 6886: 6870: 6866: 6855: 6826: 6705: 6701: 6690: 6669: 6665: 6654: 6543: 6506: 6485: 6464: 6443: 6422: 6397: 6352: 6348: 6337: 6313: 6297: 6273: 6252: 6236: 6182: 6166: 6149: 6133: 6129: 6118: 6064:Windstream Communications 5987: 5947: 5942:Links to related articles 5906: 5876: 5811:Bell Labs Holmdel Complex 5776:AT&T Corporate Center 5766:AT&T Building (Omaha) 5758: 5637: 5628: 5597: 5466: 5423: 5357: 5346: 5309: 5092:"AT&T Network Update" 2991:Declan McCullagh, CNET. " 1684:On November 8, 2017, the 1212:AT&T Switching Center 798:, giving the company the 634:AT&T Computer Systems 619:United States v. AT&T 376: 7386:Cincinnati Bell Fioptics 7278:Northland Communications 6244:Unix System Laboratories 6141:Graybar Electric Company 5431:Samuel A. Di Piazza, Jr. 2430:. Dow Jones Market Watch 2350:"The Return of AT&T" 1666:streaming service, with 1631:US Department of Justice 1197:2007–2008: restructuring 1153:) continues to be used. 1083:(lasting through 2015). 879:(VoIP) services, called 823:booming dot-com industry 691:AT&T Network Systems 557:Bell Operating Companies 437:research and development 7516:Frontier Communications 7313:TruVista Communications 7008:Spirit of Communication 6997:Bell Telephone Memorial 6935:Regional Bell companies 6743:Diamond State Telephone 6034:Frontier Communications 5771:AT&T Midtown Center 5563:AT&T Small Business 5543:BellSouth Long Distance 5336:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 4496:otp.tools.investis.com} 3712:The Wall Street Journal 3650:The Wall Street Journal 2580:The Dallas Morning News 2370:"New AT&T Launches" 2086:Harvard Business School 1636:On March 15, 2017, the 1563:Frontier Communications 1214:in Downtown Los Angeles 1202:Transition to new media 1133:New York Stock Exchange 927:initial public offering 815:chief executive officer 796:AT&T Communications 747:in telecommunications. 650:AT&T Communications 561:local telephone service 212:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 149:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 7453:Stealth Communications 7283:OneLink Communications 7025:Bell Telephone Company 6793:Pacific Northwest Bell 6545:Verizon Communications 6495:Telcordia Technologies 6159:(via Western Electric) 6059:Verizon Communications 5833:Barclay–Vesey Building 5801:AT&T at the Movies 5568:AT&T Cybersecurity 5391:Michael B. McCallister 4549:The Hollywood Reporter 3004:Don Reisinger, CNET. " 1876:which will merge with 1835:On December 25, 2020, 1353:, a major provider of 1215: 1185:, which had purchased 1166: 1038: 937:, which comprised its 918: 771:Morristown, New Jersey 670: 544:and the early, dialup 487: 484:500-type telephone set 460:C programming language 359: 358:as it appeared in 1972 309: 230:, the network reached 204:Bell Telephone Company 199: 191: 141:Bell Telephone Company 7122:Telephones portal 6768:New England Telephone 5992:Alaska Communications 5446:Randall L. Stephenson 5331:Alexander Graham Bell 5238:Smith, George David. 3867:. 22 September 2016. 1772:providers to develop 1640:approved the merger. 1479:(CCIA), which counts 1290:, the former home of 1233:Dobson Communications 1209: 1164: 1036: 969:Further information: 916: 767:Jacksonville, Florida 758:Power Systems plant. 687:AT&T Technologies 665: 640:, commonly known as " 630:suit against AT&T 606:Further information: 481: 349: 317:Further information: 303: 250:market capitalization 208:Alexander Graham Bell 202:The formation of the 197: 185: 162:split the Bell System 145:Alexander Graham Bell 68:"History of AT&T" 5735:Europe India Gateway 5725:Asia-America Gateway 5690:AT&T City Center 5451:Laura D'Andrea Tyson 4498:. September 21, 2018 4085:. October 23, 2017. 3497:. January 26, 2015. 2517:on September 7, 2012 2282:: 61. November 1995. 2079:Scherer, Frederic M. 2056:Brooks 1976, p. 136. 2035:. 23 November 2017. 1997:Brooks 1976, p. 107. 1841:Nashville, Tennessee 1595:, being replaced by 1545:2019 AT&T strike 1460:Media Access Project 1108:AT&T Corporation 988:In 1987, SBC bought 959:AT&T CallVantage 337:Kingsbury Commitment 53:improve this article 7423:Greenlight Networks 6818:Wisconsin Telephone 6585:Frontier California 6354:Lucent Technologies 6260:Lucent Technologies 5207:Kleinfield, Sonny. 5201:(Harvard UP, 2010) 4187:The Washington Post 2759:December 12, 2008. 2696:November 15, 2007. 2594:Corporate Inquiries 2185:The Washington Post 2065:Brock 1981, p. 156. 1706:Clayton Act of 1914 1638:European Commission 1535:on March 13, 2014. 1288:Redmond, Washington 1229:high speed Internet 996:. In January 1990, 811:C Michael Armstrong 737:Lucent Technologies 608:Breakup of AT&T 362:G.W. Brock says in 308:(April 1907) p. 235 7433:Lumen Technologies 7303:SRT Communications 7238:Cox Communications 6861:Other subsidiaries 6803:South Central Bell 6778:New York Telephone 6595:Frontier Southwest 6321:AT&T Broadband 6287:Tyco International 6049:Lumen Technologies 5823:550 Madison Avenue 5533:AT&T Southwest 5528:AT&T Southeast 5365:William E. Kennard 5190:Garnet, Robert W. 5076:has generic name ( 4929:Deadline Hollywood 4902:The New York Times 4863:Deadline Hollywood 4818:. January 18, 2021 4736:Anime News Network 4611:Hit Infrastructure 3927:Deadline Hollywood 3527:. 25 August 2015. 3303:Deadline Hollywood 2828:. March 20, 2011. 2799:on January 3, 2011 2641:2008-08-28 at the 2599:2009-03-19 at the 2573:2009-06-26 at the 2511:www.phonescoop.com 2355:2021-02-28 at the 2344:2017-01-09 at the 1785:Randall Stephenson 1670:to be added soon. 1264:One AT&T Plaza 1216: 1167: 1165:The BellSouth logo 1061:Ameritech Wireless 1039: 931:AT&T Broadband 919: 900:Oracle Corporation 530:answering machines 488: 428:, or NBC network. 360: 310: 200: 192: 18:SBC Communications 7611: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7501:AT&T Internet 7496:Astound Broadband 7376:Astound Broadband 7288:Satview Broadband 7218:Buckeye Broadband 7193:Astound Broadband 7128: 7127: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7045:Northern Electric 6955: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6813:Southwestern Bell 6798:Pacific Telephone 6783:Northwestern Bell 6686: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6614: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6157:Northern Electric 6077: 6076: 6019:Claro Puerto Rico 5934: 5933: 5902: 5901: 5583:AT&T Internet 5548:SBC Long Distance 5476:AT&T Mobility 5462: 5461: 5436:Richard W. Fisher 5411:Cynthia B. Taylor 5376:Glenn H. Hutchins 5233:978-1-4389-8402-5 5197:John, Richard R. 5159:Bruce, Robert V. 5152:978-0-06-010540-2 4251:. March 7, 2018. 3550:McGrath, Maggie. 3401:MultiChannel News 3341:. July 24, 2015. 3305:. July 24, 2015. 2788:News & Record 2751:(Press release). 2688:(Press release). 2338:The Master Switch 1867:Astound Broadband 1856:COVID-19 pandemic 1830:US$ 1.175 billion 1736:AT&T Mobility 1355:Internet hotspots 1292:AT&T Wireless 1284:AT&T Mobility 1183:Cingular Wireless 1093:doing business as 951:AT&T Mobility 947:Cingular Wireless 842:Time Warner Cable 713:personal computer 697:. It, along with 565:General Telephone 449:photovoltaic cell 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 7641: 7597:WorldWide Access 7488:Copper / DSL ISP 7293:Service Electric 7228:Charter Spectrum 7155: 7148: 7141: 7132: 7131: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7084: 7083: 7073: 7072: 6972: 6971: 6961: 6960: 6878:Western Electric 6868: 6867: 6857: 6856: 6703: 6702: 6692: 6691: 6667: 6666: 6656: 6655: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6618: 6617: 6599: 6590:Frontier Florida 6581: 6573: 6565: 6557: 6536: 6528: 6520: 6499: 6478: 6457: 6436: 6415: 6390: 6382: 6374: 6366: 6350: 6349: 6339: 6338: 6131: 6130: 6124:First generation 6120: 6119: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6081: 6080: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5951: 5950: 5938: 5937: 5924: 5923: 5914: 5913: 5843:TIAA Bank Center 5796:ATT Chesterfield 5635: 5634: 5538:AT&T Alascom 5486:AT&T Midwest 5481:Cricket Wireless 5455:Geoffrey Y. Yang 5386:Marissa A. Mayer 5381:Stephen J. Luczo 5355: 5354: 5296: 5289: 5282: 5273: 5272: 5262: 5261: 5259:Official website 5246:1976. 7703043). 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5075: 5071: 5069: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5030: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4978: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4792:. The Tennessean 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4631: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4318:on June 15, 2018 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4133: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3835:Business Insider 3827: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3015: 3009: 3002: 2996: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2940: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2906: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2818: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2793:Associated Press 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2728: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2656: 2650: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2614: 2608: 2590: 2584: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2366: 2360: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2128: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2101:. Archived from 2095: 2089: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2012: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1970: 1964: 1950: 1944: 1929: 1889: 1845:Middle Tennessee 1831: 1448:Public Knowledge 1344:Verizon Wireless 875:to offer global 846:cable television 830:cable television 800:AT&T Alascom 789:Orlando, Florida 735:was spun off as 683:Western Electric 581:natural monopoly 510:Western Electric 456:operating system 402:natural monopoly 379: 378: 350:The Bell System 286:, but the first 216:Western Electric 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7614: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7606: 7601: 7545: 7482: 7391:Hawaiian Telcom 7362: 7327: 7164: 7159: 7129: 7124: 7116: 7114: 7100: 7078: 7059: 7013: 6966: 6947: 6930: 6914: 6898: 6882: 6862: 6843: 6839:Cincinnati Bell 6827:Partially owned 6822: 6773:New Jersey Bell 6697: 6678: 6661: 6650: 6645: 6615: 6602: 6597: 6579: 6571: 6563: 6555: 6553:Hawaiian Telcom 6539: 6534: 6526: 6518: 6502: 6497: 6481: 6476: 6460: 6455: 6445:Pacific Telesis 6439: 6434: 6418: 6413: 6403:(f/k/a US West) 6401: 6393: 6388: 6380: 6372: 6364: 6344: 6325: 6309: 6293: 6269: 6248: 6232: 6218:Pacific Telesis 6178: 6162: 6145: 6125: 6114: 6108: 6078: 6073: 6012:Hawaiian Telcom 6007:Cincinnati Bell 5983: 5978: 5943: 5935: 5930: 5898: 5872: 5754: 5740:Project Offices 5630: 5624: 5607:AT&T Mexico 5593: 5458: 5419: 5401:Matthew K. Rose 5349: 5342: 5305: 5300: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5139: 5137:Further reading 5134: 5125: 5123: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5100: 5098: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5073: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5046:News, A. B. C. 5044: 5040: 5024: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4987:Washington Post 4979: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4948: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4894: 4890: 4875: 4871: 4854: 4850: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4786: 4782: 4772: 4770: 4760: 4756: 4746: 4744: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4663: 4659: 4650: 4648: 4633: 4632: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4365: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4147: 4143: 4127: 4126: 4119: 4117: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3950: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3919: 3915: 3905: 3903: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3815: 3813: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3669: 3659: 3657: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3580: 3576: 3567: 3565: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3465:Android Central 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3393: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3227: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3016: 3012: 3003: 2999: 2990: 2986: 2975: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2941: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2907: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2820: 2819: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2729:on 22 June 2009 2726: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2643:Wayback Machine 2633: 2629: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2601:Wayback Machine 2591: 2587: 2575:Wayback Machine 2565: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2481:Chicago Tribune 2473: 2469: 2459: 2457: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2357:Wayback Machine 2346:Wayback Machine 2331: 2324: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2295:"Annual Report" 2291: 2287: 2275:Next Generation 2271: 2270: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2253:. Best Practice 2245: 2244: 2240: 2225: 2221: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2164: 2162: 2161:. Best Practice 2153: 2152: 2148: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2108: 2106: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2075:Peck, Merton J. 2073: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2042: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1962: 1954:McCusker, J. J. 1942: 1934:McCusker, J. J. 1930: 1923: 1919: 1907: 1888:US$ 1.4 billion 1887: 1884:Electronic Arts 1878:Discovery, Inc. 1829: 1586:AT&T Mexico 1547: 1541: 1521: 1452:Consumers Union 1397: 1391: 1367: 1332: 1324:Dobson Cellular 1320: 1315: 1253: 1204: 1199: 1191:Yellowpages.com 1159: 1147:sound trademark 1089: 1031: 998:Edward Whitacre 994:Pacific Telesis 982: 973: 967: 709:NCR Corporation 680: 675: 614: 604: 577: 559:which provided 538:cordless phones 441:radio astronomy 388:, AT&T and 321: 315: 291:telephone cable 180: 131:The history of 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7647: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7567:Boston CitiNet 7564: 7559: 7553: 7551: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7413:Frontier Fiber 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7394: 7393: 7383: 7381:AT&T Fiber 7378: 7372: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7337: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7243:Docomo Pacific 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7174: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7158: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7135: 7126: 7125: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7087: 7080: 7079: 7077:Related topics 7069: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6967: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6874: 6872: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6707: 6699: 6698: 6688: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6670: 6663: 6662: 6660:Parent company 6652: 6651: 6644: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6621: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6574: 6566: 6558: 6549: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6529: 6521: 6512: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6491: 6489: 6487:Regional Bells 6483: 6482: 6480: 6479: 6470: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6449: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6428: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6407: 6405: 6399:MediaOne Group 6395: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6383: 6375: 6367: 6358: 6356: 6346: 6345: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6240: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6127: 6126: 6116: 6115: 6107: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6084: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5977: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5954: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5918: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5645:Whitacre Tower 5641: 5639: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5614: 5603: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5591: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5483: 5478: 5472: 5470: 5468:Communications 5464: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5441:Joyce M. Roche 5438: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5415:Luis A. Ubiñas 5412: 5409: 5403: 5398: 5396:Beth E. Mooney 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5361: 5359: 5352: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5299: 5298: 5291: 5284: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5263: 5252: 5251:External links 5249: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5215: 5205: 5195: 5188: 5175: 5157: 5142:Brooks, John. 5138: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5107: 5083: 5038: 4999: 4970: 4942: 4914: 4888: 4869: 4848: 4829: 4803: 4780: 4754: 4721: 4688: 4657: 4623: 4597: 4566: 4535: 4509: 4492:"SEC Form 8-K" 4483: 4452: 4421: 4390: 4359: 4329: 4299: 4266: 4236: 4205: 4172: 4141: 4100: 4070: 4053:Telecompetitor 4039: 4008: 3975: 3944: 3913: 3882: 3852: 3822: 3793: 3762: 3729: 3698: 3667: 3636: 3605: 3574: 3542: 3512: 3482: 3451: 3418: 3387: 3356: 3320: 3290: 3264: 3237: 3210: 3179: 3149: 3118: 3091: 3064: 3037: 3010: 2997: 2984: 2966: 2943:German, Kent. 2932: 2909:German, Kent. 2896: 2870: 2843: 2826:New York Times 2810: 2774: 2740: 2711: 2677: 2651: 2627: 2624:on 2008-07-04. 2609: 2585: 2559: 2528: 2498: 2467: 2441: 2418: 2387: 2361: 2359:, pp. 238–253. 2322: 2304: 2285: 2264: 2238: 2219: 2216:on 2006-10-04. 2197: 2172: 2146: 2115: 2090: 2067: 2058: 2049: 2024: 1999: 1987: 1971:1800–present: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1913: 1906: 1903: 1890:in June 2021. 1702:Makan Delrahim 1540: 1537: 1520: 1517: 1393:Main article: 1390: 1387: 1366: 1363: 1331: 1328: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1252: 1249: 1237:Aloha Partners 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1158: 1155: 1088: 1085: 1030: 1027: 981: 978: 966: 963: 778:McCaw Cellular 679: 676: 674: 671: 603: 600: 576: 573: 497:regulated the 491:Public utility 314: 311: 288:trans-Atlantic 179: 176: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7646: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7548: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7443:NEP Telephone 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7333:Satellite ISP 7330: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7149: 7144: 7142: 7137: 7136: 7133: 7123: 7111: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7081: 7074: 7070: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6987:Bell Boatyard 6985: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975:Commemorative 6973: 6969: 6962: 6958: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6903:Long distance 6901: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871:Manufacturing 6869: 6865: 6858: 6854: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6808:Southern Bell 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6763:Mountain Bell 6761: 6759: 6758:Michigan Bell 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6748:Illinois Bell 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6693: 6689: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6642: 6637: 6635: 6630: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6619: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6578: 6575: 6570: 6567: 6562: 6559: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6533: 6530: 6525: 6522: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6387: 6386:Agere Systems 6384: 6379: 6376: 6371: 6368: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6336: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6198:Bell Atlantic 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6181: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6105: 6100: 6098: 6093: 6091: 6086: 6085: 6082: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5986: 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Ford 5369: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5345: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5292: 5290: 5285: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5274: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5244: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5225:1-4389-8402-2 5222: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5169:0-8014-9691-8 5166: 5162: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5097: 5096:about.att.com 5093: 5087: 5079: 5067: 5053: 5049: 5042: 5034: 5028: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4975: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4946: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4918: 4903: 4899: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4873: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4791: 4784: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4725: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4692: 4676: 4672: 4671:Bloomberg.com 4668: 4661: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4612: 4608: 4601: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4524: 4523:Seeking Alpha 4520: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4471: 4468:. 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Pcmag.com. 2854: 2847: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2815: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2778: 2762: 2758: 2757:AT&T Inc. 2754: 2750: 2744: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2699: 2695: 2694:AT&T Inc. 2691: 2687: 2681: 2665: 2661: 2655: 2648: 2647:Press release 2644: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2471: 2460:September 29, 2455: 2451: 2445: 2434:September 29, 2429: 2422: 2411:September 29, 2406: 2402: 2398: 2391: 2380:September 29, 2375: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2319:. 1998-07-27. 2318: 2314: 2308: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2281: 2280:Imagine Media 2277: 2276: 2268: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2201: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2105:on 2007-05-12 2104: 2100: 2094: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2062: 2053: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2009: 2003: 1994: 1992: 1976: 1968: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1928: 1926: 1921: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1783:will replace 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1559:América Móvil 1556: 1552: 1551:Latin America 1546: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525:Leap Wireless 1516: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1351:Wayport, Inc. 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1248: 1246: 1243:, a regional 1242: 1241:Edge Wireless 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1213: 1208: 1194: 1192: 1189:in 2004, and 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1163: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1136:ticker symbol 1134: 1130: 1129:AT&T Inc. 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1084: 1082: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069:Bell Atlantic 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1035: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 986: 977: 972: 962: 960: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 935:Liberty Media 932: 928: 924: 915: 911: 907: 903: 901: 897: 893: 888: 886: 882: 878: 877:voice over IP 874: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 781: 779: 774: 772: 768: 764: 759: 757: 756:Dallas, Texas 753: 748: 746: 745:pricing power 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 705: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 669: 664: 661: 659: 655: 651: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 628: 625: 621: 620: 613: 609: 599: 597: 592: 588: 587: 582: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 553: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 526: 522: 518: 515:In 1968, the 513: 511: 506: 504: 500: 496: 495:jurisdictions 492: 485: 480: 476: 474: 470: 465: 461: 457: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 405: 403: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 372: 371:Lee de Forest 367: 365: 357: 353: 348: 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329:Theodore Vail 326: 320: 307: 302: 298: 296: 292: 289: 285: 281: 277: 276:loading coils 273: 269: 268:San Francisco 264: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 246:Massachusetts 242: 240: 235: 233: 229: 223: 221: 220:Western Union 218:Company from 217: 213: 209: 205: 196: 189: 184: 175: 174: 173:AT&T Inc. 170: 165: 163: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 123: 120: 112: 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: – 69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 19: 7468:Verizon FiOS 7428:GTA Teleguam 7418:Google Fiber 7341:Dish Network 7253:Full Channel 7248:Emery Telcom 7006: 6753:Indiana Bell 6706:Wholly owned 6402: 6110:Spinoffs of 6044:GTA Teleguam 6029:Emery Telcom 5892:Sponsorships 5818:195 Broadway 5406:John Stankey 5313: 5239: 5208: 5198: 5191: 5181: 5160: 5143: 5124:. 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