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281:(later renamed ISS Reshetnev), thus received a boost in its finances. In total, 4.8 billion rubles was allocated for the space program in 2001, of which 1.6 billion was earmarked for GLONASS. By 2004, Russia's space spending had grown to 12 billion rubles. In 2005, a new strategy for the development of the country's space program, titled the Federal Space Plan 2006–2015, was approved. It stipulated the completion of the
8122:
8110:
8098:
8773:
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7530:
147:, was canceled. It had been worked on for 20 years by the industry's best companies, and the cancelation immediately resulted in a 30% reduction in the industry's work force. 300,000 people worked in the industry at the end of 1994, down from 400,000 in 1987, and the space program's funding now amounted to just 0.23% of the country's budget.
31:
46:, with its fullest effect occurring in the last years of the 1990s. Funding of the space program declined by 80% and the industry lost a large part of its work force before recovery began in the early 2000s. Many companies survived by creating joint-ventures with foreign firms and marketing their products abroad.
292:
In the mid-2000s, funding of the space program continued to improve substantially, amounting to 21.59 billion rubles in 2005 and rising to 23 billion rubles in 2006. In 2007, 24.4 billion rubles was spent on the civilian space program, while the military space program's budget was 11 billion rubles.
223:
had given permission for the appearance of Proton on the international launch market, but introduced a quota to protect the launch market from "Russian dumping." Despite this, the Proton, built by
Khrunichev, was successful and by the end of 2000 had earned launch contracts worth over $ 1.5 billion.
134:
was created. During Soviet times, there had been no central agency; instead, the design bureaus had been very powerful. To an extent, this continued during the first years of the agency, which suffered from a lack of authority while the design bureaus fought to survive in the difficult environment.
325:
said "the failure-prone space sector is so troubled that it needs state supervision to overcome its problems." Three days following the Proton M launch failure, the
Russian government had announced that "extremely harsh measures" would be taken "and spell the end of the space industry as we know
681:, has denied these claims, saying: "We did special research into the issue. The level of acidity in the atmosphere is not affected by the rocket launches there is no data to prove any link between the illnesses and the influence of rocket fuel components or space activity of any kind".
49:
In the mid-2000s, as part of the general improvement in the economy, funding of the country's space program was substantially increased and a new ambitious federal space plan was introduced, resulting in a great boost to the industry. Its largest company is
6357:
6363:
5557:
154:. Much of the budgeted money never arrived at the companies. The space industry continued to shed work force, and soon only 100,000 people remained. Wages were also cut: for example at the leading rocket engine producer
9029:
6495:
6280:
162:
which destroyed the Buran shuttle which had flown the one and only flight of the program in 1988. No funds were available to look after the shuttle's hangar in
Baikonur and it collapsed on the shuttle in May 2002.
41:
comprises more than 100 companies and employs 250,000 people. Most of the companies are descendants of Soviet design bureaux and state production companies. The industry entered a deep crisis following the
7744:
73:
As of 2013, a major reorganization of the
Russian space industry is underway, with increased state supervision and involvement of the ostensibly private companies formed in the early 1990s following the
270:'s presidency, the Russian economy started recovering, growing more each year than in all of the previous decade. The funding outlook for Russia's space program started to look more favourable.
8345:
4932:
158:, the average monthly salary during this time was 3,000 rubles ($ 104). The space industry's physical infrastructure declined greatly, and this was symbolised by a roof collapse in 2001 at the
6500:
Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
5835:
8674:
8262:
4915:
4841:
4508:
2389:
5533:
7824:
7442:
5735:
5730:
5123:
5602:
8316:
4452:
506:
A large experience gained by the
Russian propulsion industry on all types of rocket engines but in particular in oxygen hydrocarbon propellant and staged combustion system.
9073:
6200:
9034:
6285:
5597:
374:
59:
7063:
4990:
8616:
8434:
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9019:
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8031:
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6290:
6270:
4910:
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5363:
4869:
4528:
8684:
7289:
7162:
6305:
3802:
2913:
678:
394:
176:
4959:
8669:
6702:
5657:
3343:
2606:
224:
Since 1994, the Proton has earned $ 4.3 billion for the
Russian space industry as a whole, and in 2011 this figure is expected to raise to $ 6 billion.
115:
period of the late 1980s, the space program's funding began to decrease, and this was seriously accelerated by the economic hardships of the 1990s. The
8889:
8384:
8350:
8207:
7749:
7169:
4949:
4927:
4790:
2223:
844:
770:
5417:
8114:
6758:
5762:
5523:
5074:
4817:
4133:
1787:
277:
satellite navigation system was made a government priority with the introduction of a new
Federal Targeted Program. The main contractor for GLONASS,
51:
9014:
7779:
7348:
6265:
6205:
4178:
6128:
5667:
4736:
1696:
1075:
674:
8458:
8296:
8169:
7907:
7587:
7372:
5160:
5150:
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4418:
3222:
525:
9182:
9085:
8977:
8396:
8301:
6453:
6228:
6183:
5767:
5017:
4801:
4423:
5452:
5256:
5219:
7836:
7798:
7628:
5353:
5336:
5108:
4474:
2011:
5276:
389:
markets commercial satellite launches on the other versions. TsSKB Progress is currently leading the development of a new launcher called
9226:
9024:
8727:
7983:
7858:
7774:
7657:
6644:
6315:
6275:
6155:
5999:
5489:
5311:
4666:
2103:
195:
was particularly successful. On 15 April 1993 Khrunichev created the
Lockheed-Khrunichev-Energia joint venture with the American company
191:
During the crisis years, of the main ways for the industry's companies to survive was to look for foreign partnerships. In this respect,
951:
9144:
9049:
7872:
7754:
7294:
7250:
6914:
6458:
6310:
6300:
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5647:
5064:
4387:
4173:
2063:
111:
peaked in 1989, when its budget totaled 6.9 billion rubles, amounting to 1.5% of the Soviet Union's gross domestic product. During the
8982:
8043:
7597:
7534:
7461:
7360:
6463:
6387:
6233:
6173:
5752:
5715:
1753:
127:), but found itself unable to continue the appropriate level of financing. By 1998, the space program's funding had been cut by 80%.
4785:
4413:
8628:
6999:
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4310:
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3370:
2525:
2430:
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609:
410:
260:
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6022:
9132:
8253:
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7623:
7189:
5772:
5562:
5538:
5140:
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4518:
3229:
2646:
17:
4153:
8999:
8992:
8422:
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7592:
7243:
7184:
6478:
6405:
6393:
6250:
6243:
6150:
5994:
5872:
5484:
4836:
4661:
4513:
4126:
3360:
3295:
2741:
2404:
2083:
1044:
3125:
9120:
8812:
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8078:
7558:
7179:
4401:
3075:
2787:
2040:
7739:
7384:
7068:
6038:
5383:
3018:
1962:
1797:
1068:
306:
4356:
8279:
8102:
8019:
7919:
7853:
7716:
6933:
6753:
5637:
5182:
4980:
4901:
4741:
4585:
3380:
2520:
2139:
836:
8689:
8221:
7759:
7473:
7266:
7132:
6820:
6564:
6193:
6098:
5787:
5777:
5747:
5627:
5393:
5099:
4550:
4523:
4350:
3400:
2953:
2842:
2777:
2078:
1937:
1782:
520:
63:
4317:
9231:
8858:
8853:
8326:
8311:
8225:
7697:
7194:
6976:
6017:
5978:
5469:
5052:
4479:
4440:
4119:
2701:
2684:
2350:
1839:
5607:
8410:
8321:
6574:
6443:
5543:
4779:
4468:
3555:
2495:
2033:
1802:
1711:
658:
425:
75:
43:
9009:
7934:
7848:
7509:
7174:
7137:
6485:
6260:
5757:
5710:
5652:
5632:
5567:
5291:
4807:
4765:
4361:
3930:
3792:
3375:
3100:
2726:
2159:
1061:
9108:
8903:
8777:
8679:
8355:
8131:
8090:
6928:
5035:
4954:
2896:
2611:
2435:
2395:
2149:
2073:
2068:
1972:
1748:
515:
208:
151:
107:
was a formidable, capable and well-funded complex, which scored a number of great successes. Spending on the
7011:
6784:
6438:
5878:
5552:
5503:
5427:
5373:
5086:
4937:
3496:
3182:
3162:
3065:
2716:
2666:
2530:
2375:
2340:
2023:
1288:
474:
131:
8765:
119:
inherited the major part of the infrastructure and companies of the Soviet program (while others, such as
9004:
8987:
8753:
7497:
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6856:
6808:
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6490:
6468:
6255:
6238:
6123:
5983:
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5245:
5176:
4896:
4262:
3908:
3744:
3491:
3338:
3080:
2817:
2689:
2596:
2550:
2540:
2505:
2385:
2260:
2245:
1899:
1865:
1775:
1348:
690:
370:
282:
9216:
8537:
7611:
7204:
7073:
6726:
6666:
6433:
6351:
4731:
4637:
4457:
4428:
4245:
4198:
3980:
3749:
3422:
3140:
2973:
2755:
2736:
2636:
2626:
2621:
2213:
2093:
926:
695:
397:
is one of the commercially most successful companies of the space industry. It is the developer of the
243:
initially bought 101 RD-180 engines from
Energomash, earning the company $ 1 billion in hard currency.
8306:
7546:
7485:
7147:
6904:
6714:
6145:
5682:
4435:
4213:
4203:
3903:
3785:
3523:
3288:
3192:
3172:
3145:
2901:
2661:
2420:
2299:
2228:
2108:
1660:
560:
293:
The industry also continued to receive very substantial funds from exports and foreign partnerships.
289:, introduction of a new crewed spacecraft and completion of the GLONASS constellation, among others.
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7447:
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6690:
6473:
6140:
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5642:
5498:
5402:
4292:
4163:
4018:
3518:
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3478:
2545:
2515:
2380:
2294:
2203:
2166:
1312:
862:
Statement by
Vladimir Ye.Nesterov, Khrunichev Director-General, at Press Conference on 15 July 2010
1317:
9221:
8942:
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8007:
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4611:
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4022:
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3454:
3427:
3328:
3212:
3187:
3023:
2872:
2832:
2535:
2480:
2365:
2233:
1676:
1356:
1252:
535:
530:
6994:
6416:
5463:
8652:
8580:
8369:
7995:
7582:
7142:
7043:
6118:
6103:
6088:
5677:
5442:
5437:
5368:
4942:
4822:
4773:
4496:
4343:
4252:
4070:
4032:
3466:
3385:
3323:
3150:
3008:
2978:
2933:
2884:
2879:
2812:
2696:
2656:
2616:
2450:
2360:
2355:
2176:
2088:
1955:
1858:
1410:
1180:
1175:
1127:
984:
495:
406:
120:
8715:
8568:
8513:
8446:
8291:
7570:
7418:
7329:
7317:
7224:
7058:
7053:
6448:
5829:
5697:
5577:
5572:
5508:
5378:
5296:
4985:
4721:
4407:
4304:
4298:
4282:
4190:
3920:
3727:
3365:
3177:
2918:
2891:
2852:
2792:
2591:
2560:
2470:
2218:
2154:
1185:
631:
572:
366:
301:
As a result of a series of reliability problems, and proximate to the failure of a July 2013
251:
9188:
9156:
8884:
8824:
8739:
8592:
8542:
8202:
8126:
7948:
7702:
6964:
6952:
6868:
6844:
6616:
6223:
6133:
6108:
5810:
5194:
5135:
5041:
4812:
4625:
4606:
4598:
4185:
4089:
3990:
3973:
3610:
3545:
3538:
3395:
3281:
3207:
3115:
3110:
2862:
2797:
2555:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2445:
2440:
2400:
1907:
1150:
1084:
765:
617:
417:
314:
286:
200:
196:
108:
8:
8664:
8338:
8183:
8145:
7929:
7884:
7812:
7080:
6678:
6606:
6596:
6569:
5612:
5432:
5209:
5187:
5118:
4975:
4851:
4711:
4644:
4591:
4491:
4227:
3985:
3963:
3898:
3617:
3461:
3202:
2958:
2908:
2827:
2731:
2565:
2510:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2410:
2370:
2335:
2277:
2191:
2122:
1984:
1440:
1416:
1142:
1137:
1115:
409:
is expected to be put into service 2013. The largest satellite manufacturer in Russia is
310:
159:
144:
661:, UDMH) and debris created by Russia's space programme is poisoning areas of Russia and
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8489:
8164:
7924:
7095:
6988:
6832:
6428:
6375:
6339:
5901:
5617:
5266:
4751:
4100:
3883:
3809:
3664:
3560:
3412:
3130:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3070:
3055:
3013:
2943:
2928:
2867:
2847:
2837:
2807:
2782:
2767:
2711:
2651:
2641:
2500:
2323:
2309:
2304:
2250:
2186:
1996:
1810:
1743:
1547:
1393:
1322:
445:
116:
6880:
6772:
6586:
5884:
5080:
4886:
4746:
4674:
4272:
4096:
4055:
3695:
3590:
3565:
3511:
3501:
3318:
3248:
3000:
2968:
2963:
2948:
2923:
2772:
2721:
2671:
2601:
2579:
2424:
2208:
2144:
2134:
2098:
2001:
1967:
1945:
1890:
1770:
1760:
1622:
1467:
1379:
1327:
1296:
1217:
1195:
1040:
861:
666:
720:
7764:
7219:
7209:
6738:
6591:
6345:
5931:
5913:
5866:
5321:
5165:
4560:
4333:
4323:
4267:
3968:
3797:
3754:
3720:
3685:
3622:
3575:
3417:
3197:
3135:
3090:
3033:
2938:
2857:
2822:
2631:
2282:
2181:
1989:
1792:
1655:
1529:
1260:
1239:
1234:
1212:
1053:
1010:
478:
429:
385:
version is used to launch crewed spacecraft, while the international joint-venture
361:. It is the country's main human spaceflight contractor, the lead developer of the
452:
is Russia's main planetary probe designer. It is responsible for the high-profile
8915:
7090:
6892:
6623:
6611:
6422:
5925:
5853:
5687:
5229:
5199:
5058:
5023:
4680:
4393:
4013:
3913:
3866:
3764:
3705:
3690:
3644:
3627:
3533:
3528:
3257:
3217:
3120:
3060:
3050:
3038:
2983:
2802:
2196:
2171:
1950:
1363:
1264:
700:
646:
305:
launch, a major reorganization of the Russian space industry was undertaken. The
240:
212:
204:
54:, the main crewed space flight contractor. Leading launch vehicle producers are
34:
Successful orbital launches based on logs by SpaceFlightNow and RussianSpaceWeb.
8703:
8365:
7235:
7124:
7006:
6887:
6547:
6516:
5858:
5725:
5326:
5239:
5234:
5170:
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4542:
4240:
4060:
4047:
3940:
3871:
3861:
3846:
3824:
3814:
3710:
3700:
3649:
3570:
3155:
3028:
2289:
2255:
1979:
1932:
1818:
1482:
1452:
1422:
1222:
510:
433:
378:
347:
322:
267:
228:
216:
155:
30:
9210:
7110:
7035:
7018:
6940:
6899:
6581:
6559:
5692:
5622:
4706:
4697:
4502:
4008:
3925:
3856:
3819:
3659:
3580:
3444:
3439:
3262:
3167:
2676:
2415:
2006:
1727:
1534:
1488:
760:
626:
622:
593:
449:
220:
67:
848:
9044:
7157:
7152:
7085:
7048:
6295:
5388:
5046:
4168:
4158:
4065:
4000:
3669:
3654:
3355:
3350:
3043:
2028:
2018:
1446:
1434:
1280:
1132:
927:"Rogozin: Russia to Consolidate Space Sector into Open Joint Stock Company"
734:
358:
104:
91:
4111:
9194:
9168:
8274:
6815:
6803:
6791:
6654:
6601:
6381:
5907:
5513:
5407:
5204:
5029:
4881:
4686:
4533:
3893:
3759:
3449:
3432:
3304:
2238:
2045:
1922:
1494:
884:
597:
580:
453:
351:
318:
150:
The final phase of the space program's contraction took place during the
112:
432:, and employs around 6,500 people. The leading rocket engine company is
7105:
4933:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
4616:
4235:
4208:
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3935:
3878:
3838:
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3333:
2267:
1927:
1917:
1686:
1648:
1643:
1120:
662:
487:
482:
192:
130:
To coordinate the country's space activities, on 25 February 1992, the
55:
761:"Russia's Space Program in 2006: Some Progress but No Clear Direction"
8848:
8836:
8800:
8501:
8066:
7692:
7680:
6661:
6325:
6188:
6049:
5963:
5286:
4874:
4257:
4037:
3888:
3605:
3486:
3407:
3390:
1912:
1691:
1681:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1602:
1573:
1557:
1099:
1088:
670:
555:
550:
540:
441:
362:
343:
334:
256:
4916:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
1160:
6863:
6827:
6709:
6057:
4842:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
4631:
4555:
4367:
1706:
1701:
1596:
1552:
1503:
576:
491:
421:
398:
382:
339:
302:
184:
1850:
296:
8331:
7960:
6923:
6733:
6062:
5130:
4565:
4484:
2390:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2272:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1539:
1509:
1473:
636:
613:
545:
457:
456:
mission, Russia's first attempt at an interplanetary probe since
414:
386:
274:
236:
124:
6947:
6875:
6839:
6767:
6721:
6685:
6673:
6535:
5301:
4726:
3851:
3715:
1881:
1461:
1428:
1332:
437:
424:
series of communications satellites. The company is located in
402:
278:
232:
180:
3273:
9061:
8947:
6971:
6959:
6851:
6779:
6697:
6523:
6178:
5919:
5018:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
4716:
4453:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
1765:
1227:
390:
377:(TsSKB Progress) is the developer and producer of the famous
171:
8525:
8267:
7793:
7430:
6983:
6745:
6286:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
4920:
143:
In 1993, the most prestigious program of the industry, the
375:
Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center
5948:
4832:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
3732:
1304:
1247:
96:
837:"Khrunichev Center - Leader of the Russian Space Sector"
641:
413:(formerly called NPO PM). It is main contractor for the
187:
rocket has earned Russia's space industry $ 4.3 billion.
6400:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
6291:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
4911:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
211:(ILS). The joint venture marketed launches on both the
4870:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
7163:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
6306:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
679:
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
395:
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
177:
Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
4960:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1083:
1011:"Russians say space rocket debris is health hazard"
885:"Glonass: Has Russia's sat-nav system come of age?"
7170:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
6281:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
4950:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
4928:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
845:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
771:Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies
357:The largest company of Russia's space industry is
6411:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
6271:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
1788:Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
952:"Rocket failure to lead to space industry reform"
721:"Spaceflight Now – Tracking Station – Launch log"
9208:
7265:
6266:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
70:is the main developer of interplanetary probes.
6394:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
4921:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
4795:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
297:2013 reorganization of the Russian space sector
5678:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
4463:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
4419:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
393:, which is to replace the Soyuz. Moscow-based
9183:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
7251:
6229:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
6201:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
5036:Creation of the British National Space Centre
4424:European Space Research and Technology Centre
4334:
4324:
4127:
3289:
1866:
1069:
985:"Future European Reusable Propulsion Systems"
665:. Clusters of cancers have been found in the
4475:European Space Security and Education Centre
943:
329:
6316:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
6276:International Mobile Satellite Organization
6156:Politics of the International Space Station
4791:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
4141:
891:
821:
819:
800:
798:
440:engine. In electric spacecraft propulsion,
7258:
7244:
6311:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
6301:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
5648:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
5065:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
4388:European Launcher Development Organisation
4134:
4120:
3296:
3282:
1873:
1859:
1076:
1062:
918:
587:
373:. It employs around 22,000-30,000 people.
317:in August 2013 to consolidate the Russian
86:
6388:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
6234:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
6174:International Civil Aviation Organization
5716:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
5613:Launch of the Space Launch System program
5608:Cancellation of the Constellation program
1754:Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
882:
876:
468:
463:
246:
5768:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
1037:The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program
949:
855:
834:
816:
807:
795:
333:
250:
170:
90:
29:
27:Overview of the space industry of Russia
6417:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
5539:2002 National missile defense directive
4892:Council of European Aerospace Societies
4774:Western European Union Satellite Centre
3781:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
2526:Collective Security Treaty Organization
924:
828:
657:Critics claim that Proton rocket fuel (
652:
603:
261:Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems
166:
14:
9209:
7190:International Astronautical Federation
5971:
5499:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
4907:European Committee for Standardization
4519:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
3803:Psychological and sociological effects
1034:
1005:
1003:
436:, designer and producer of the famous
369:spacecraft and the Russian end of the
7239:
7185:International Academy of Astronautics
6406:International Docking System Standard
6251:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
6244:International Planetary Data Alliance
6151:International Space Station programme
5873:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
5783:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
5075:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
4837:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
4514:Space Situational Awareness Programme
4115:
3277:
2084:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
1854:
1057:
62:. The largest satellite developer is
7180:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
5195:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
4402:European Space Research Organisation
3223:Unified Sports Classification System
346:spacecraft. Soyuz-FG is produced by
6039:United Rocket and Space Corporation
5693:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
5573:Launch of the Constellation program
5297:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
1880:
1798:Monument to the Conquerors of Space
1039:(1st ed.). Germany: Springer.
1000:
307:United Rocket and Space Corporation
239:rockets. The rocket's manufacturer
138:
24:
9227:Space industry companies of Russia
7133:Air & Space Forces Association
5773:Antennas & Propagation Society
4981:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
4902:European Civil Aviation Conference
3512:Weather and environment monitoring
2521:Commonwealth of Independent States
1231:(incorporated into Salyut program)
752:
25:
9243:
6206:General Assembly Fourth Committee
6194:Space Generation Advisory Council
5628:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4802:EU Agency for the Space Programme
4551:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4524:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
4351:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
4293:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
758:
235:engine was installed on American
9162:
9150:
9138:
9126:
9114:
9102:
9079:
9067:
9055:
8955:
8936:
8909:
8897:
8878:
8866:
8842:
8830:
8818:
8806:
8794:
8771:
8759:
8747:
8733:
8721:
8709:
8697:
8658:
8646:
8634:
8622:
8610:
8598:
8586:
8574:
8562:
8550:
8531:
8519:
8507:
8495:
8483:
8471:
8452:
8440:
8428:
8416:
8404:
8390:
8378:
8285:
8215:
8196:
8177:
8158:
8139:
8120:
8108:
8096:
8084:
8072:
8060:
8037:
8025:
8013:
8001:
7989:
7977:
7954:
7942:
7913:
7901:
7878:
7866:
7842:
7830:
7818:
7806:
7787:
7733:
7710:
7686:
7674:
7617:
7605:
7576:
7564:
7552:
7540:
7528:
7503:
7491:
7479:
7467:
7455:
7436:
7424:
7412:
7378:
7366:
7354:
7342:
7323:
7311:
7195:International Astronomical Union
7017:
7005:
6993:
6982:
6970:
6958:
6946:
6922:
6898:
6886:
6874:
6862:
6850:
6838:
6826:
6814:
6802:
6790:
6778:
6766:
6744:
6732:
6720:
6708:
6696:
6684:
6672:
6660:
6558:
6546:
6534:
6522:
6018:Medvedev modernisation programme
5721:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
5389:1985 anti-satellite missile test
5053:Space Innovation and Growth Team
4798:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
4480:European Space Operations Centre
4441:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
4095:
4085:
4084:
1840:Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
1159:
273:In 2001, the development of the
199:. In 1995, due to the merger of
6444:Astronomical naming conventions
5369:Strategy of Technology doctrine
5141:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
5059:Creation of the UK Space Agency
4509:European Space Policy Institute
4469:European Space Astronomy Centre
3556:Space launch market competition
3303:
1803:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
977:
968:
909:
900:
883:Moskvitch, Katia (2010-04-02).
867:
703:— Russian private space company
659:unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
448:, is one of the top companies.
405:upper stage. The company's new
321:sector. Deputy Prime Minister
227:Another successful company was
76:dissolution of the Soviet Union
44:dissolution of the Soviet Union
7175:British Interplanetary Society
7138:Alliance for Space Development
6261:Global Standards Collaboration
6184:Office for Outer Space Affairs
5711:China exclusion policy of NASA
5379:Space Station Freedom proposal
5292:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
4362:Planetary Exploration of China
4186:Planetary protection principle
3793:Health threat from cosmic rays
786:
777:
727:
713:
13:
1:
6358:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
5688:Launch of the Artemis program
5618:Redesign of the Orion program
5534:Aerospace Industry Commission
5230:Launch of the Mariner program
4955:European Southern Observatory
4655:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
2431:Political abuse of psychiatry
1749:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
1028:
950:Nilolaev, Ivan (2013-07-03).
707:
566:
516:Production Corporation Polyot
350:, while Soyuz-TMA is made by
209:International Launch Services
152:1998 Russian financial crisis
7267:Public-sector space agencies
6439:Extraterrestrial real estate
5979:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
5879:Soviet crewed lunar programs
5788:Vehicular Technology Society
5778:Broadcast Technology Society
5553:Vision for Space Exploration
5470:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
5428:Space Exploration Initiative
5374:Strategic Defense Initiative
5327:Launch of the Viking program
5240:Launch of the Apollo program
5235:Launch of the Gemini project
5087:Defence in a Competitive Age
5024:Start of the Ariel programme
4938:European Patent Organisation
3076:Traditions and superstitions
1289:Soviet crewed lunar programs
925:Messier, Doug (2013-08-30).
475:Progress Rocket Space Centre
418:satellite navigation program
132:Russian Federal Space Agency
7:
6256:Group on Earth Observations
6239:Committee on Space Research
5683:Creation of the Space Force
5603:Kennedy Space Center speech
5246:We choose to go to the Moon
5177:Introduction to Outer Space
4897:European Broadcasting Union
3909:Self-replicating spacecraft
3745:International Space Station
2742:Water supply and sanitation
1349:International Space Station
956:Russia Behind The Headlines
835:Kirillov, Vladimir (2002).
735:"Space exploration in 2011"
691:Aircraft industry of Russia
684:
673:falls after some launches.
371:International Space Station
283:International Space Station
266:In the early 2000s, during
231:, whose extremely powerful
183:. Since 1994, Khrunichev's
10:
9248:
7205:Space Exploration Alliance
6434:Common heritage of mankind
6352:Space Liability Convention
6124:North Korean space program
6050:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
5514:Launch of the X-37 program
5364:Citizens' Advisory Council
4458:European Data Relay System
4429:Concurrent Design Facility
4174:Space Debris Working Group
3423:Space Liability Convention
696:Defence industry of Russia
501:
207:, it was transformed into
103:The space industry of the
81:
9177:
9094:
8970:
8928:
8786:
8364:
8246:
8239:
8052:
7969:
7893:
7725:
7666:
7650:
7643:
7518:
7404:
7397:
7303:
7280:
7273:
7148:Space Frontier Foundation
7123:
7034:
6643:
6634:
6575:Launch market competition
6507:
6324:
6214:
6166:
6146:Ugandan space initiatives
6081:
6031:
6010:
5962:
5941:
5894:
5846:
5822:
5809:
5802:
5706:
5666:
5586:
5522:
5451:
5416:
5352:
5335:
5310:
5275:
5255:
5218:
5200:Launch of Project Mercury
5149:
5107:
5098:
5006:
4968:
4860:
4764:
4696:
4654:
4578:
4497:Ariane launcher programme
4436:European Astronaut Centre
4394:Europa launcher programme
4378:
4335:
4325:
4281:
4226:
4214:The Spaceguard Foundation
4149:
4079:
4046:
3999:
3951:
3837:
3786:Space adaptation syndrome
3773:
3678:
3598:
3589:
3477:
3311:
3242:
2999:
2763:
2754:
2587:
2578:
2331:
2322:
2130:
2121:
2056:
1898:
1889:
1829:
1736:
1720:
1669:
1615:
1566:
1522:
1403:
1392:
1372:
1341:
1273:
1205:
1194:
1168:
1157:
1108:
1095:
677:, deputy director of the
669:and residents claim that
561:Voronezh Mechanical Plant
330:Structure of the industry
7101:Reconnaissance satellite
6474:International Designator
6141:Philippine space program
6089:Australian space program
5741:Office of Space Commerce
5731:House Committee on Space
5643:Space Shuttle retirement
5598:2009 Augustine Committee
5433:1990 Augustine Committee
4579:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
4164:Space traffic management
3519:Communications satellite
2516:Prime Minister of Russia
1835:Space industry of Russia
9232:Space program of Russia
7215:Space Force Association
7200:Lunar Explorers Society
6370:Registration Convention
6334:Partial Test Ban Treaty
6215:Other intergovernmental
6129:Pakistani space program
6094:Brazilian space program
5464:Faster, better, cheaper
5267:1967 Outer Space Treaty
5070:Space Industry Act 2018
4847:European Defence Agency
4503:Vega launcher programme
4446:Living Planet Programme
4169:Space debris management
4143:Politics of outer space
4023:reusable launch systems
3640:Extravehicular activity
3551:Commercial use of space
3455:Militarisation of space
3428:Registration Convention
3344:Accidents and incidents
2954:Social entrepreneurship
2843:Forced public apologies
2778:Anti-American sentiment
1357:Russian Orbital Segment
588:Interplanetary missions
536:Keldysh Research Center
531:Kuznetsov Design Bureau
259:satellite, produced by
87:Post-Soviet adjustments
39:Russia's space industry
7143:National Space Society
7044:Space domain awareness
6217:or inter-agency bodies
6119:Lebanese space program
6104:Japanese space program
6045:2014 Military doctrine
6023:2010 Military doctrine
5443:National Space Council
5438:Hubble Space Telescope
5210:Launch of X-15 program
5131:Aerobee rocket program
5081:2021 Integrated Review
4943:European Patent Office
4863:initiatives and bodies
4253:Billionaire space race
4179:Space Debris Committee
4071:Mission control center
4033:Non-rocket spacelaunch
3467:Billionaire space race
2702:Social security system
2685:Science and technology
2351:Classified information
2177:Central Russian Upland
1035:Harvey, Brian (2007).
864:Khruhichev 2010-07-29.
469:Launcher manufacturers
464:List of main companies
354:
263:
247:New federal space plan
188:
121:Yuzhnoye Design Bureau
100:
35:
18:Russian space industry
7225:The Planetary Society
7054:Anti-satellite weapon
6449:ITU Radio Regulations
6099:Emirati space program
5830:Operation Osoaviakhim
5698:Executive Order 13959
5578:Operation Burnt Frost
5509:Decadal Planning Team
4991:Indian ASAT programme
4986:Space Activities Bill
4408:European Space Agency
4380:ESA Science Programme
4191:Post-detection policy
3921:Spacecraft propulsion
3371:European Space Agency
3163:Russian tsars regalia
2496:Intelligence agencies
2219:Great Russian Regions
1963:Expansion (1500-1800)
1089:Russian space program
632:Gazprom Space Systems
337:
285:, development of the
254:
174:
99:space station in 1998
94:
33:
9189:Soviet space program
6647:units and formations
6617:Project Harvest Moon
6364:Satellite Convention
6224:African Space Agency
6134:Space programme 2040
6114:Kenyan space program
6109:Kazakh space program
5042:Outer Space Act 1986
5030:Black Arrow launcher
4813:Copernicus programme
4786:EU/ESA Space Council
4414:EU/ESA Space Council
4305:Chinese ASAT program
3546:Satellite navigation
3230:World Heritage sites
2607:Droughts and famines
2160:Environmental issues
1908:Proto-Indo-Europeans
1151:Vostochny Cosmodrome
766:Moscow Defense Brief
653:Environmental impact
604:Satellite developers
407:Angara rocket family
381:launch vehicle. The
287:Angara rocket family
167:Foreign partnerships
8339:Guiana Space Centre
7081:Kinetic bombardment
6607:Space manufacturing
6597:Space-based economy
6570:Private spaceflight
5990:Shuttle–Mir program
5558:Aldridge Commission
5480:Shuttle–Mir program
5188:Space Act Agreement
5119:Operation Paperclip
4976:Department of Space
4969:Indian space policy
4852:Europe by Satellite
4780:EU Satellite Centre
4492:Guiana Space Centre
4236:Cold War space race
4154:Spacefaring nations
3931:Electric propulsion
3618:Life-support system
3502:Imagery and mapping
3462:Private spaceflight
3081:Forms of addressing
2690:Academy of Sciences
2647:Financial districts
2511:President of Russia
2436:Political divisions
2396:Freedom of assembly
2278:West Siberian Plain
2024:Great Patriotic War
1985:February Revolution
1776:Veterok and Ugolyok
1143:Svobodny Cosmodrome
1138:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
1116:Baikonur Cosmodrome
841:Eksport Vooruzheniy
739:russianspaceweb.com
342:rocket launching a
313:corporation by the
160:Baikonur Cosmodrome
145:Buran space shuttle
7096:Military satellite
6934:Ranks and insignia
6429:Space jurisdiction
6376:Bogota Declaration
6340:Outer Space Treaty
5836:list of scientists
5124:list of scientists
4766:EU Space Programme
3884:Robotic spacecraft
3810:Space and survival
3665:Space colonization
3561:Space architecture
3413:Outer Space Treaty
3131:Russian given name
2717:Telecommunications
2667:Petroleum industry
2531:State of emergency
2376:Far-right politics
2341:Capital punishment
2187:Meshchera Lowlands
2041:Russian Federation
1997:October Revolution
1822:(1997 documentary)
1814:(1995 documentary)
1811:Out of the Present
1744:List of cosmonauts
1721:Images and artwork
1661:Deep Space Network
1308:(Mars/Venus flyby)
446:Kaliningrad Oblast
355:
264:
189:
117:Russian Federation
101:
36:
9217:Economy of Russia
9204:
9203:
8924:
8923:
8235:
8234:
7639:
7638:
7521:and the Caribbean
7393:
7392:
7233:
7232:
7119:
7118:
7111:Satellite jamming
6587:Space advertising
6077:
6076:
6073:
6072:
5958:
5957:
5798:
5797:
5418:George H. W. Bush
4887:Council of Europe
4808:Galileo programme
4760:
4759:
4747:Comet Interceptor
4273:Space competition
4109:
4108:
4056:Flight controller
3833:
3832:
3591:Human spaceflight
3566:Space exploration
3492:Earth observation
3271:
3270:
3238:
3237:
2818:Domestic violence
2750:
2749:
2672:Russian oligarchs
2597:Aircraft industry
2574:
2573:
2551:Mass surveillance
2541:Search and rescue
2506:Political parties
2386:Foreign relations
2318:
2317:
2117:
2116:
2109:Historical cities
1968:Tsardom of Russia
1848:
1847:
1771:Belka and Strelka
1761:Soviet space dogs
1623:Sputnik programme
1611:
1610:
1544:
1499:
1478:
1457:
1388:
1387:
1353:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1257:
1244:
1232:
1196:Human spaceflight
1147:
1124:
1046:978-0-387-71354-0
851:on July 17, 2011.
792:Harvey, p.281-282
667:Republic of Altai
420:and produces the
215:and the American
16:(Redirected from
9239:
9187:Preceded by the
9167:
9166:
9165:
9155:
9154:
9153:
9143:
9142:
9141:
9131:
9130:
9129:
9119:
9118:
9117:
9107:
9106:
9105:
9084:
9083:
9082:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9060:
9059:
9058:
8960:
8959:
8958:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8914:
8913:
8912:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8883:
8882:
8881:
8871:
8870:
8869:
8847:
8846:
8845:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8823:
8822:
8821:
8811:
8810:
8809:
8799:
8798:
8797:
8776:
8775:
8774:
8764:
8763:
8762:
8752:
8751:
8750:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8714:
8713:
8712:
8702:
8701:
8700:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8651:
8650:
8649:
8639:
8638:
8637:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8615:
8614:
8613:
8603:
8602:
8601:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8567:
8566:
8565:
8555:
8554:
8553:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8512:
8511:
8510:
8500:
8499:
8498:
8488:
8487:
8486:
8476:
8475:
8474:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8433:
8432:
8431:
8421:
8420:
8419:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8244:
8243:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8201:
8200:
8199:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8163:
8162:
8161:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8042:
8041:
8040:
8030:
8029:
8028:
8018:
8017:
8016:
8006:
8005:
8004:
7994:
7993:
7992:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7959:
7958:
7957:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7871:
7870:
7869:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7823:
7822:
7821:
7811:
7810:
7809:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7679:
7678:
7677:
7648:
7647:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7610:
7609:
7608:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7569:
7568:
7567:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7545:
7544:
7543:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7441:
7440:
7439:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7402:
7401:
7383:
7382:
7381:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7278:
7277:
7260:
7253:
7246:
7237:
7236:
7220:Space Foundation
7210:Space Fellowship
7022:
7021:
7010:
7009:
6997:
6987:
6986:
6975:
6974:
6963:
6962:
6951:
6950:
6927:
6926:
6903:
6902:
6891:
6890:
6879:
6878:
6867:
6866:
6855:
6854:
6843:
6842:
6831:
6830:
6819:
6818:
6807:
6806:
6795:
6794:
6783:
6782:
6771:
6770:
6749:
6748:
6737:
6736:
6725:
6724:
6713:
6712:
6701:
6700:
6689:
6688:
6677:
6676:
6665:
6664:
6641:
6640:
6592:Space technology
6563:
6562:
6551:
6550:
6539:
6538:
6527:
6526:
6469:COSPAR standards
6346:Rescue Agreement
5969:
5968:
5820:
5819:
5807:
5806:
5166:Project Vanguard
5105:
5104:
4576:
4575:
4561:Aurora programme
4547:Mars and beyond
4338:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4299:Shuguang program
4268:Space propaganda
4195:Asteroid impact
4136:
4129:
4122:
4113:
4112:
4099:
4088:
4087:
3798:Space psychology
3623:Animals in space
3596:
3595:
3576:Space technology
3418:Rescue Agreement
3298:
3291:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3251:
3198:Russian language
3141:National symbols
2761:
2760:
2680:
2637:Fishing industry
2627:Economic regions
2622:Defence industry
2585:
2584:
2329:
2328:
2283:Russian Far East
2182:Northwest Russia
2140:Cities and towns
2128:
2127:
1990:Russian Republic
1896:
1895:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1793:Cosmonauts Alley
1656:Luch (satellite)
1542:
1514:
1497:
1476:
1455:
1401:
1400:
1351:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1255:
1242:
1230:
1203:
1202:
1163:
1145:
1118:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1007:
998:
997:
995:
994:
989:
981:
975:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
922:
916:
913:
907:
904:
898:
895:
889:
888:
880:
874:
871:
865:
859:
853:
852:
847:. Archived from
832:
826:
823:
814:
811:
805:
802:
793:
790:
784:
781:
775:
774:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
731:
725:
724:
717:
642:DAURIA Aerospace
430:Krasnoyarsk Krai
309:was formed as a
139:The crisis years
21:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9237:
9236:
9207:
9206:
9205:
9200:
9173:
9163:
9161:
9151:
9149:
9139:
9137:
9127:
9125:
9115:
9113:
9103:
9101:
9090:
9080:
9078:
9068:
9066:
9056:
9054:
8966:
8956:
8954:
8937:
8935:
8920:
8910:
8908:
8898:
8896:
8879:
8877:
8867:
8865:
8843:
8841:
8831:
8829:
8819:
8817:
8807:
8805:
8795:
8793:
8782:
8772:
8770:
8760:
8758:
8748:
8746:
8734:
8732:
8722:
8720:
8710:
8708:
8698:
8696:
8659:
8657:
8647:
8645:
8635:
8633:
8623:
8621:
8611:
8609:
8599:
8597:
8587:
8585:
8575:
8573:
8563:
8561:
8551:
8549:
8532:
8530:
8520:
8518:
8508:
8506:
8496:
8494:
8484:
8482:
8472:
8470:
8453:
8451:
8441:
8439:
8429:
8427:
8417:
8415:
8405:
8403:
8391:
8389:
8379:
8377:
8360:
8286:
8284:
8231:
8216:
8214:
8197:
8195:
8178:
8176:
8159:
8157:
8140:
8138:
8121:
8119:
8109:
8107:
8097:
8095:
8085:
8083:
8073:
8071:
8061:
8059:
8048:
8038:
8036:
8026:
8024:
8014:
8012:
8002:
8000:
7990:
7988:
7978:
7976:
7965:
7955:
7953:
7943:
7941:
7914:
7912:
7902:
7900:
7889:
7879:
7877:
7867:
7865:
7843:
7841:
7831:
7829:
7819:
7817:
7807:
7805:
7788:
7786:
7734:
7732:
7721:
7711:
7709:
7687:
7685:
7675:
7673:
7662:
7635:
7618:
7616:
7606:
7604:
7577:
7575:
7565:
7563:
7553:
7551:
7541:
7539:
7529:
7527:
7520:
7514:
7504:
7502:
7492:
7490:
7480:
7478:
7468:
7466:
7456:
7454:
7437:
7435:
7425:
7423:
7413:
7411:
7389:
7379:
7377:
7367:
7365:
7355:
7353:
7343:
7341:
7324:
7322:
7312:
7310:
7299:
7282:
7269:
7264:
7234:
7229:
7115:
7091:Missile defense
7030:
7016:
7004:
6981:
6969:
6957:
6945:
6921:
6897:
6885:
6873:
6861:
6849:
6837:
6825:
6813:
6801:
6789:
6777:
6765:
6743:
6731:
6719:
6707:
6695:
6683:
6671:
6659:
6646:
6630:
6624:Asteroid mining
6612:Lunar resources
6557:
6545:
6533:
6521:
6503:
6496:ISECG standards
6459:ODCWG standards
6454:CCSDS standards
6423:Artemis Accords
6320:
6216:
6210:
6162:
6069:
6027:
6006:
5954:
5937:
5890:
5885:Voskhod program
5854:Sputnik program
5842:
5814:
5812:
5803:USSR and Russia
5794:
5702:
5669:
5662:
5589:
5582:
5525:
5518:
5454:
5447:
5419:
5412:
5355:
5348:
5338:
5331:
5313:
5306:
5278:
5271:
5258:
5251:
5221:
5214:
5152:
5145:
5110:
5100:US space policy
5094:
5010:space programme
5009:
5002:
4964:
4862:
4856:
4823:EUSST programme
4818:EGNOS programme
4756:
4692:
4681:LISA Pathfinder
4650:
4592:Cassini–Huygens
4574:
4485:ESTRACK network
4374:
4357:Mars and beyond
4284:
4277:
4222:
4145:
4140:
4110:
4105:
4075:
4042:
4014:Escape velocity
3995:
3947:
3914:Space telescope
3867:Reentry capsule
3829:
3769:
3674:
3645:Overview effect
3628:Bioastronautics
3585:
3473:
3307:
3302:
3272:
3267:
3254:
3247:
3234:
3193:Public holidays
3188:Political jokes
3173:Personification
3126:Names of Russia
2995:
2914:Life expectancy
2746:
2678:
2570:
2421:Law enforcement
2314:
2300:Protected areas
2197:Smolensk Upland
2192:Oka–Don Lowland
2172:European Russia
2113:
2052:
1938:Mongol invasion
1885:
1879:
1849:
1844:
1825:
1732:
1728:Mission patches
1716:
1665:
1607:
1562:
1518:
1512:
1396:
1384:
1368:
1337:
1269:
1198:
1190:
1169:Launch vehicles
1164:
1155:
1104:
1091:
1082:
1047:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1001:
992:
990:
987:
983:
982:
978:
973:
969:
960:
958:
948:
944:
935:
933:
923:
919:
914:
910:
905:
901:
896:
892:
881:
877:
872:
868:
860:
856:
833:
829:
824:
817:
812:
808:
803:
796:
791:
787:
782:
778:
759:Ionin, Andrey.
757:
753:
743:
741:
733:
732:
728:
719:
718:
714:
710:
701:Success Rockets
687:
655:
647:Success Rockets
606:
590:
569:
504:
471:
466:
401:rocket and the
332:
299:
249:
241:Lockheed Martin
205:Martin Marietta
169:
141:
89:
84:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9245:
9235:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9222:Space industry
9219:
9202:
9201:
9199:
9198:
9191:
9185:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9171:
9159:
9147:
9135:
9123:
9111:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9076:
9064:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8996:
8995:
8985:
8980:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8964:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8932:
8930:
8926:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8918:
8906:
8894:
8893:
8892:
8875:
8863:
8862:
8861:
8856:
8839:
8827:
8815:
8803:
8790:
8788:
8784:
8783:
8781:
8780:
8768:
8756:
8744:
8743:
8742:
8718:
8706:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8655:
8643:
8631:
8619:
8607:
8595:
8583:
8571:
8559:
8547:
8546:
8545:
8528:
8516:
8504:
8492:
8480:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8449:
8437:
8425:
8413:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8374:
8372:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8342:
8341:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8260:
8250:
8248:
8241:
8237:
8236:
8233:
8232:
8230:
8229:
8212:
8211:
8210:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8117:
8105:
8093:
8081:
8069:
8056:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8046:
8034:
8022:
8010:
7998:
7986:
7973:
7971:
7970:Southeast Asia
7967:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7951:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7910:
7897:
7895:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7875:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7839:
7827:
7815:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7784:
7783:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7747:
7729:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7700:
7683:
7670:
7668:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7660:
7654:
7652:
7645:
7641:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7614:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7573:
7561:
7549:
7537:
7524:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7500:
7488:
7476:
7464:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7433:
7421:
7408:
7406:
7399:
7395:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7375:
7363:
7351:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7320:
7307:
7305:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7284:
7275:
7271:
7270:
7263:
7262:
7255:
7248:
7240:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7166:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7125:Space advocacy
7121:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7051:
7046:
7040:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7014:
7012:United Kingdom
7002:
6991:
6979:
6967:
6955:
6941:Space commands
6938:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6895:
6893:United Kingdom
6883:
6871:
6859:
6847:
6835:
6823:
6811:
6799:
6787:
6775:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6741:
6729:
6717:
6705:
6693:
6681:
6669:
6651:
6649:
6638:
6636:Militarisation
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6609:
6604:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6555:
6553:United Kingdom
6543:
6531:
6517:Space industry
6513:
6511:
6509:Commercial use
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6479:IPDA standards
6476:
6466:
6464:CEOS standards
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6420:
6414:
6408:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6330:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6181:
6176:
6170:
6168:
6167:United Nations
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6085:
6083:
6082:Other policies
6079:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6058:MARS-500 study
6052:
6047:
6042:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5914:Salyut program
5911:
5905:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5867:Vostok program
5864:
5863:
5862:
5859:Sputnik crisis
5850:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5826:
5824:
5817:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5733:
5728:
5726:Budget of NASA
5723:
5718:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5658:2015 Space Act
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5544:Space Shuttle
5541:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5524:George W. Bush
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5504:1998 Space Act
5501:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5482:
5472:
5467:
5459:
5457:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5394:Space Shuttle
5391:
5386:
5384:1984 Space Act
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5180:
5173:
5171:Sputnik crisis
5168:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5115:
5113:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5078:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5014:
5012:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4996:Mission Shakti
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4866:
4864:
4861:Other European
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4799:
4796:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4678:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4622:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:MARS-500 study
4553:
4545:
4543:ESA Television
4540:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4368:MARS-500 study
4365:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4302:
4296:
4289:
4287:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4241:Sputnik crisis
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4092:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4061:Ground station
4058:
4052:
4050:
4048:Ground segment
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4016:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Interplanetary
3978:
3977:
3976:
3974:Geosynchronous
3971:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3941:Gravity assist
3938:
3933:
3928:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3872:Service module
3869:
3864:
3862:Orbital module
3854:
3849:
3847:Launch vehicle
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3825:Space sexology
3822:
3817:
3815:Space medicine
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3650:Weightlessness
3647:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3602:
3600:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3571:Space research
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3507:Reconnaissance
3504:
3499:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:European Union
3373:
3368:
3363:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2707:Space industry
2704:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2546:Urban planning
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2381:Federal budget
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:North Caucasus
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2226:
2224:Highest points
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2169:
2167:Extreme points
2164:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1980:Russian Empire
1977:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884: articles
1878:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1819:Mission to Mir
1815:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1783:Ivan Ivanovich
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1619:
1617:
1616:Communications
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1570:
1568:
1567:In development
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1483:Resurs-DK No.1
1480:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:Phobos program
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1423:Luna programme
1420:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1373:In development
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1292:(Moon landing)
1286:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:
999:
976:
967:
942:
917:
908:
899:
890:
875:
866:
854:
827:
815:
806:
794:
785:
783:Harvey, pp.7-8
776:
751:
726:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
698:
693:
686:
683:
654:
651:
650:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
620:
605:
602:
601:
600:
589:
586:
585:
584:
568:
565:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
511:NPO Energomash
503:
500:
499:
498:
485:
470:
467:
465:
462:
434:NPO Energomash
348:TsSKB Progress
331:
328:
323:Dmitry Rogozin
298:
295:
268:Vladimir Putin
248:
245:
229:NPO Energomash
168:
165:
156:NPO Energomash
140:
137:
88:
85:
83:
80:
60:TsSKB-Progress
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9244:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9197:participation
9196:
9192:
9190:
9186:
9184:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9170:
9160:
9158:
9148:
9146:
9136:
9134:
9124:
9122:
9112:
9110:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9087:
9077:
9075:
9065:
9063:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
9000:Cospas-Sarsat
8998:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8969:
8963:
8953:
8949:
8946:
8945:
8944:
8934:
8933:
8931:
8927:
8917:
8907:
8905:
8895:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8886:
8876:
8874:
8864:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8851:
8850:
8840:
8838:
8828:
8826:
8816:
8814:
8804:
8802:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8785:
8779:
8769:
8767:
8757:
8755:
8745:
8741:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8719:
8717:
8707:
8705:
8695:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8667:
8666:
8656:
8654:
8644:
8642:
8632:
8630:
8620:
8618:
8608:
8606:
8596:
8594:
8584:
8582:
8572:
8570:
8560:
8558:
8548:
8544:
8541:
8540:
8539:
8529:
8527:
8517:
8515:
8505:
8503:
8493:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8469:
8465:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8450:
8448:
8438:
8436:
8426:
8424:
8414:
8412:
8402:
8398:
8388:
8387:
8386:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8367:
8363:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8340:
8337:
8333:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8294:
8293:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8269:
8266:
8265:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8245:
8242:
8238:
8227:
8223:
8213:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8194:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8175:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8156:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8137:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8118:
8116:
8106:
8104:
8094:
8092:
8082:
8080:
8070:
8068:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8051:
8045:
8035:
8033:
8023:
8021:
8011:
8009:
7999:
7997:
7987:
7985:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7968:
7962:
7952:
7950:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7911:
7909:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7886:
7876:
7874:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7840:
7838:
7828:
7826:
7816:
7814:
7804:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7795:
7785:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7708:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7684:
7682:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7649:
7646:
7642:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7615:
7613:
7603:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7574:
7572:
7562:
7560:
7550:
7548:
7538:
7536:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7519:Latin America
7517:
7511:
7501:
7499:
7489:
7487:
7477:
7475:
7465:
7463:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7434:
7432:
7422:
7420:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:North America
7403:
7400:
7396:
7386:
7376:
7374:
7364:
7362:
7352:
7350:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7321:
7319:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7302:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7279:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7261:
7256:
7254:
7249:
7247:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
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7201:
7198:
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7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7075:
7074:United States
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7036:Space warfare
7033:
7025:
7024:United States
7020:
7015:
7013:
7008:
7003:
7001:
6996:
6992:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6905:United States
6901:
6896:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6742:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6645:Space forces,
6642:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6625:
6622:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6582:Space tourism
6580:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6565:United States
6561:
6556:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6491:GEO standards
6489:
6487:
6486:GSC standards
6484:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5995:ISS programme
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5926:Buran program
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5902:Soyuz program
5900:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5653:2014 NASA Act
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5633:2010 NASA Act
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Flexible path
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:2005 NASA Act
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5485:ISS programme
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:Rogers Report
5401:
5399:
5397:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5254:
5247:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5183:1958 NASA Act
5181:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5005:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:Solar Orbiter
4705:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4698:Cosmic Vision
4695:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4662:ISS programme
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4344:Space station
4342:
4340:
4332:
4330:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4285:space program
4280:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Direct ascent
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3991:Intergalactic
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:Rocket engine
3924:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3857:Space capsule
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Space nursing
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:Health issues
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Space Shuttle
3726:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3660:Space tourism
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3581:Space weather
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Space command
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:Space warfare
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3401:United States
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Astrodynamics
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Seven Wonders
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:Playing cards
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
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3017:
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2874:
2873:Mental health
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2860:
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2833:Ethnic groups
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2536:Civil defense
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2481:Media freedom
2479:
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2369:
2367:
2366:Criminal code
2364:
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2359:
2357:
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2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Civil Service
2344:
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2327:
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2240:
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2207:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
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2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
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2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
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2072:
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2067:
2065:
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2059:
2055:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Russian state
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
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1677:Baikal-Angara
1675:
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1654:
1650:
1647:
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1642:
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1637:
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1627:
1626:
1625:(begun 1957)
1624:
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1599:
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1511:
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1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:Koronas-Foton
1487:
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1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1454:
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1059:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1012:
1006:
1004:
986:
980:
974:Harvey, p.268
971:
957:
953:
946:
932:
931:Parabolic Arc
928:
921:
915:Harvey, p.285
912:
906:Harvey, p.317
903:
897:Harvey, p.284
894:
886:
879:
873:Harvey, p.197
870:
863:
858:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
822:
820:
810:
801:
799:
789:
780:
772:
768:
767:
762:
755:
740:
736:
730:
722:
716:
712:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
682:
680:
676:
675:Anatoly Kuzin
672:
668:
664:
660:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
624:
623:NPO Lavochkin
621:
619:
615:
611:
610:ISS Reshetnev
608:
607:
599:
595:
594:NPO Lavochkin
592:
591:
582:
578:
574:
571:
570:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
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522:
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514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
497:
493:
489:
486:
484:
480:
476:
473:
472:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:NPO Lavochkin
447:
444:, located in
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Zheleznogorsk
423:
419:
416:
412:
411:ISS Reshetnev
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
262:
258:
253:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
222:
221:United States
219:rockets. The
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
182:
178:
173:
164:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
136:
133:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
109:space program
106:
98:
93:
79:
77:
71:
69:
68:NPO Lavochkin
65:
64:ISS Reshetnev
61:
57:
53:
47:
45:
40:
32:
19:
9193:Preceded by
9045:Intersputnik
8890:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8351:EUTELSAT IGO
8247:Pan-European
8208:TÜBİTAK UZAY
7667:Central Asia
7283:and pan-Arab
7158:Moon Society
7153:Mars Society
7086:Kill vehicle
7049:Space weapon
6655:Space forces
6540:
6296:Intersputnik
5932:Apollo–Soyuz
5670:space policy
5590:space policy
5545:
5526:space policy
5462:
5455:space policy
5420:space policy
5395:
5356:space policy
5339:space policy
5322:Apollo–Soyuz
5314:space policy
5287:Moon landing
5279:space policy
5259:space policy
5222:space policy
5175:
5153:space policy
5111:space policy
5085:
5047:Project Juno
4685:
4673:
4643:
4636:
4624:
4618:
4597:
4590:
4390:(1960–1975)
4159:Space policy
4001:Space launch
3986:Interstellar
3952:Destinations
3721:Apollo–Soyuz
3670:Space diving
3655:Space toilet
3479:Applications
3396:Soviet Union
3356:Space policy
3351:Space launch
3151:Coat of arms
3111:Martial arts
3019:Army culture
3009:Architecture
2979:Witch trials
2934:Prostitution
2880:Human rights
2813:Demographics
2727:Trade unions
2706:
2697:Shipbuilding
2657:Homelessness
2617:Central Bank
2612:Car industry
2451:Conservatism
2361:Constitution
2356:Conscription
2029:Eastern Bloc
2019:Soviet Union
2012:Russian SFSR
1942:Feudal Rus'
1834:
1817:
1809:
1595:
1447:Vega program
1435:Zond program
1284:(Moon flyby)
1281:Zond (7K-L1)
1240:Soyuz-Apollo
1133:Kapustin Yar
1109:Launch sites
1036:
1015:. Retrieved
991:. Retrieved
979:
970:
959:. Retrieved
955:
945:
934:. Retrieved
930:
920:
911:
902:
893:
878:
869:
857:
849:the original
840:
830:
809:
788:
779:
764:
754:
742:. Retrieved
738:
729:
715:
656:
505:
359:RKK Energiya
356:
300:
291:
272:
265:
226:
190:
175:Entrance to
149:
142:
129:
105:Soviet Union
102:
72:
52:RKK Energiya
48:
38:
37:
9195:Interkosmos
9169:Interkosmos
8275:Eurocontrol
7925:Antrix Corp
7281:Pan-African
6821:North Korea
6809:New Zealand
6797:Netherlands
6602:Space trade
6382:Moon Treaty
6041:(2013–2015)
5951:(1986–2001)
5928:(1974–1993)
5922:(1973–1977)
5916:(1971–1986)
5910:(1967–1991)
5908:Interkosmos
5887:(1964–1966)
5881:(1961–1976)
5875:(1960–1982)
5869:(1960–1963)
5408:Ride Report
5205:Missile gap
5077:(2018–2020)
5055:(2009–2010)
5032:(1964–1971)
4882:Eurocontrol
4776:(1992–2002)
4700:(2015–2025)
4687:BepiColombo
4534:Space Rider
4465:(1983–2010)
4404:(1964–1975)
4396:(1962–1973)
4318:Project 921
4301:(1966–1972)
4295:(1966–1976)
4228:Space races
3959:Sub-orbital
3894:Space probe
3760:New Shepard
3738:Shuttle–Mir
3497:Archaeology
3450:Space force
3433:Moon Treaty
3305:Spaceflight
3203:tea culture
3056:Fairy tales
2919:Open access
2892:Immigration
2853:Gun control
2592:Agriculture
2561:Term limits
2471:Martial law
2466:Nationalism
2461:Irredentism
2456:Imperialism
2239:Caspian Sea
2155:Environment
2150:Earthquakes
2046:Union State
2034:Dissolution
1933:Kievan Rus'
1923:Early Slavs
1506:(2011–2019)
1495:Fobos-Grunt
1485:(2006-2016)
1470:(1990-1992)
1464:(1989-1998)
1458:(1988-1989)
1449:(1984-1987)
1443:(1983-1991)
1437:(1964–1970)
1431:(1961–1985)
1425:(1958–1976)
1419:(1972–1996)
1413:(1961–1982)
1253:Shuttle–Mir
1128:Dombarovsky
887:. BBC News.
825:Harvey, p.9
813:Harvey, p.6
804:Harvey, p.8
598:Fobos-Grunt
581:Progress MS
454:Fobos-Grunt
352:RKK Energia
311:joint-stock
113:perestroika
9211:Categories
9181:See also:
7894:South Asia
7498:USSPACECOM
7106:Spaceplane
5847:Khrushchev
5396:Challenger
5151:Eisenhower
4612:Cluster II
4209:Spaceguard
4199:Prediction
4028:Launch pad
4019:Expendable
3969:Geocentric
3936:Solar sail
3879:Spaceplane
3839:Spacecraft
3633:Space suit
3611:commercial
3539:Television
3334:Space Race
3208:Television
3183:Philosophy
3116:Mass media
3106:Literature
3101:Inventions
2863:Healthcare
2798:Corruption
2788:Censorship
2679:(currency)
2556:Separatism
2501:Opposition
2486:Neo-Nazism
2476:Monarchism
2446:Liberalism
2441:Propaganda
2401:Government
2268:North Asia
2069:Journalism
1928:East Slavs
1918:Sarmatians
1833:See also:
1687:Mars-Grunt
1649:Sputnik 99
1644:Sputnik 41
1300:(moonbase)
1121:Kazakhstan
1029:Literature
993:2015-11-21
961:2013-09-01
936:2013-09-01
708:References
663:Kazakhstan
579:(crewed),
567:Spacecraft
488:Khrunichev
483:Soyuz-2-1v
315:government
193:Khrunichev
56:Khrunichev
8849:Roscosmos
8837:KazCosmos
8801:ArmCosmos
8502:DTU Space
8464:BIRA-IASB
8411:EU SatCen
8170:KACST-SRI
8067:ArmCosmos
8053:West Asia
7726:East Asia
7693:Roscosmos
7681:KazCosmos
7651:Pan-Asian
6915:Structure
6667:Australia
6326:Space law
6189:UN-SPIDER
5964:Roscosmos
5942:Gorbachev
4875:Eurospace
4311:2007 test
4258:Mars race
4204:Avoidance
4038:Spaceport
3889:Satellite
3606:Astronaut
3534:Telephone
3487:Astronomy
3408:Space law
3361:Australia
3066:Festivals
2959:Sociology
2909:Languages
2828:Education
2732:Transport
2566:Terrorism
2411:Judiciary
2405:Apparatus
2371:Elections
2336:Anarchism
2310:Far North
2261:Volcanoes
2246:Mountains
2123:Geography
2002:Civil war
1913:Scythians
1692:Mercury-P
1682:Laplace-P
1639:Sputnik 3
1634:Sputnik 2
1629:Sputnik 1
1603:Spektr-UV
1574:Luna-Glob
1558:Spektr-RG
1535:Elektro–L
1274:Cancelled
1146:(defunct)
1100:Roscosmos
1017:August 7,
769:(2(#8)).
671:acid rain
627:Elektro–L
556:Proton-PM
551:TsNIIMash
541:OKB Fakel
442:OKB Fakel
363:Soyuz-TMA
344:Soyuz-TMA
257:GLONASS-K
125:Ukrainian
123:, became
9074:UNCOPUOS
8385:DG DEFIS
8346:EUMETSAT
7398:Americas
7304:National
6869:Thailand
6833:Pakistan
6715:Colombia
6011:Medvedev
6000:Politics
5986:(1993–)
5895:Brezhnev
5638:Title 51
5548:disaster
5546:Columbia
5490:Politics
5398:disaster
4804:(2021–)
4722:EnVision
4667:Politics
4638:Herschel
4632:INTEGRAL
4410:(1975–)
4336:Tiangong
4326:Shenzhou
4320:(1992–)
4307:(1964–)
4246:Timeline
4090:Category
3755:Tiangong
3750:Shenzhou
3679:Programs
3524:Internet
3329:Timeline
3258:Category
3136:Nobility
3096:Internet
3091:Heraldry
3086:Graffiti
3071:Folklore
3014:Armorial
2944:Religion
2929:Polygamy
2868:HIV/AIDS
2848:Funerals
2838:Feminism
2808:Deafness
2793:Citizens
2783:Cannabis
2768:Abortion
2712:Taxation
2652:Gambling
2642:Forestry
2491:Military
2324:Politics
2305:Wildlife
2251:Caucasus
2214:Glaciers
2094:Military
2079:Internet
2057:By topic
1951:Vladimir
1946:Novgorod
1900:Timeline
1707:Venera-D
1702:Spektr-M
1670:Concepts
1597:Kazachok
1553:Resurs-P
1548:Meteor-M
1513:(failed)
1504:Spektr-R
1498:(failed)
1477:(failed)
1456:(failed)
1397:programs
1199:programs
744:13 April
685:See also
577:Soyuz MS
573:Energiya
492:Proton-M
422:Ekspress
399:Proton-M
383:Soyuz-FG
367:Progress
340:Soyuz-FG
303:Proton M
201:Lockheed
197:Lockheed
185:Proton-M
66:, while
9035:ISS MCB
8929:Oceania
8704:PTSPACE
8670:CBK PAN
8332:ESTRACK
8258:CENELEC
7961:SUPARCO
7908:SPARRSO
7745:SASTIND
7462:FAA/AST
7295:Arabsat
6929:Vietnam
6910:History
6739:Germany
6063:ExoMars
5972:Yeltsin
5904:(1967–)
5832:(1946)
5815:program
5753:FAA/AST
5453:Clinton
5257:Johnson
5220:Kennedy
5161:WS-117L
5008:British
4782:(2002–)
4626:Rosetta
4607:Cluster
4599:Huygens
4566:ExoMars
4505:(1998–)
4499:(1973–)
4471:(2005–)
4364:(2016–)
4353:(2003–)
4339:program
4329:program
4283:Chinese
4263:Records
3964:Orbital
3765:Artemis
3696:Voskhod
3691:Mercury
3599:General
3339:Records
3324:History
3312:General
3249:Outline
3061:Fashion
3051:Fashion
3039:Cuisine
3001:Culture
2989:in army
2974:Wedding
2969:Suicide
2964:Smoking
2949:Slavery
2924:Orphans
2897:Illegal
2773:Alcohol
2756:Society
2722:Tourism
2602:Banking
2580:Economy
2425:Prisons
2273:Siberia
2229:Islands
2209:Geology
2145:Climate
2135:Borders
2099:Outline
2074:Judaism
2064:Economy
1891:History
1737:Related
1589:Luna 28
1584:Luna 27
1579:Luna 26
1543:(joint)
1540:ExoMars
1510:Luna 25
1474:Mars 96
1417:Prognoz
1394:Robotic
1352:(joint)
1261:Energia
1256:(joint)
1243:(joint)
1218:Voskhod
637:SPUTNIX
618:Express
614:GLONASS
583:(cargo)
546:NIIMash
502:Engines
479:Soyuz-2
458:Mars 96
415:GLONASS
387:Starsem
275:GLONASS
237:Atlas V
82:History
9095:Former
9086:UNOOSA
8988:COSPAR
8459:BELSPO
8240:Europe
8032:GISTDA
8008:PhilSA
7873:SaTReC
7775:PLAASF
7443:NESDIS
7373:NASRDA
7290:RASCOM
7274:Africa
7069:Russia
6998:
6953:France
6881:Turkey
6845:Russia
6773:Israel
6727:France
6691:Canada
6679:Brazil
6541:Russia
6425:(2020)
6419:(2012)
6413:(1999)
6402:(1998)
6396:(1988)
6390:(1981)
6384:(1979)
6378:(1976)
6372:(1975)
6366:(1974)
6360:(1972)
6354:(1972)
6348:(1968)
6342:(1967)
6336:(1963)
5934:(1975)
5861:(1957)
5823:Stalin
5811:Soviet
5736:NESDIS
5354:Reagan
5337:Carter
5302:Skylab
5109:Truman
5061:(2010)
5049:(1991)
5038:(1985)
5026:(1962)
5020:(1958)
4737:ATHENA
4727:CHEOPS
4712:Euclid
4645:Planck
4619:Newton
4101:Portal
4094:
4083:
3899:Lander
3852:Rocket
3716:Skylab
3711:Apollo
3701:Gemini
3686:Vostok
3391:Russia
3263:Portal
3218:Sports
3146:Anthem
3034:Cinema
3029:Ballet
2939:Racism
2902:Labour
2858:Health
2823:Doping
2677:Ruble
2662:Mining
2632:Energy
2295:Rivers
2204:Fjords
2104:Postal
1956:Moscow
1882:Russia
1530:Bion-M
1523:Active
1515:(2023)
1500:(2011)
1491:(2009)
1479:(1996)
1462:Granat
1441:Astron
1429:Venera
1342:Active
1333:Kliper
1318:Zvezda
1313:Spiral
1297:Zvezda
1223:Salyut
1213:Vostok
1181:Proton
1176:Angara
1085:Soviet
1043:
496:Angara
438:RD-180
403:Fregat
279:NPO PM
233:RD-180
213:Proton
181:Moscow
9145:NASDA
9062:ITU-R
9050:ODCWG
9030:ISECG
9020:ICSMD
8978:CCSDS
8971:World
8948:CSIRO
8787:Other
8680:KRRiT
8665:POLSA
8435:BEREC
8397:EUSPA
8317:ECSAT
8312:ESRIN
8302:ESTEC
8226:MBRSC
8222:UAESA
8115:NEHSA
8103:IRIAF
7984:LAPAN
7780:CASIC
7769:CGWIC
7658:APSCO
7559:CONAE
7385:SANSA
7361:GSSTC
7349:ESSTI
7335:NARSS
7064:India
7059:China
7000:NORAD
6977:Italy
6965:India
6857:Spain
6785:Japan
6750:Iran
6703:China
6529:India
6179:ITU-R
6054:Mars
6032:Putin
5920:Almaz
5813:space
5668:Trump
5588:Obama
5277:Nixon
4752:SMILE
4732:JUICE
4717:ARIEL
4529:PRIDE
3904:Rover
3706:Soyuz
3529:Radio
3386:Japan
3381:India
3366:China
3168:Opera
3121:Music
2984:Women
2885:LGBTQ
2803:Crime
2737:Waste
2256:Urals
2234:Lakes
1766:Laika
1712:Sfera
1697:OPSEK
1468:Gamma
1364:Soyuz
1323:Zarya
1265:Buran
1228:Almaz
1186:Soyuz
1013:. BBC
988:(PDF)
843:(3).
526:KBKhM
521:KBKhA
391:Rus-M
379:Soyuz
326:it."
319:space
217:Atlas
9121:KCST
9109:BNSC
9040:ITSO
9025:IMSO
9015:IADC
8993:IPDA
8983:CEOS
8962:NZSA
8916:UKSA
8904:SSAU
8859:VVKO
8813:MAKA
8778:SNSA
8728:INTA
8716:ROSA
8653:NOSA
8629:SRON
8526:CNES
8478:SRTI
8423:EASA
8368:and
8327:ESOC
8322:ESAC
8297:ECSS
8280:ECAC
8268:ETSI
8263:CEPT
8189:GORS
8151:NCSR
8132:ISRC
8091:NSSA
8079:MAKA
8044:VNSC
8020:SSTL
7996:MYSA
7935:NRSC
7920:ISRO
7885:TASA
7859:KASI
7854:KARI
7849:KASA
7837:NATA
7825:NICT
7799:ISAS
7794:JAXA
7760:CAST
7755:CALT
7750:CASC
7740:CNSA
7717:TNSA
7644:Asia
7629:IVIC
7624:ABAE
7593:INPE
7588:DCTA
7535:ALCE
7486:USSF
7431:NASA
7330:EgSA
7318:ASAL
6989:NATO
6759:IRGC
5763:IEEE
5563:ESAS
5312:Ford
5136:RAND
4742:LISA
4675:Gaia
4617:XMM-
4586:SOHO
4066:Pass
4021:and
3156:Flag
3044:Wine
3024:Arts
2089:LGBT
1973:Army
1404:Past
1380:Orel
1328:MAKS
1206:Past
1119:(in
1087:and
1041:ISBN
1019:2012
746:2018
365:and
203:and
95:The
58:and
9157:SSP
9133:NAL
9010:GSC
9005:GEO
8943:ASA
8885:TUA
8873:SSO
8854:SRI
8825:BSA
8766:AEE
8754:EAE
8740:AEC
8690:ULC
8685:ORO
8675:UKE
8641:NSO
8617:LSO
8605:LSA
8593:ASI
8581:HSO
8569:HSA
8557:DLR
8543:CdE
8538:AAE
8514:ESO
8490:CSO
8447:ALR
8370:EEA
8356:ESO
8307:EAC
8292:ESA
8254:CEN
8203:TUA
8184:SSA
8165:SSA
8146:ISA
8127:ISA
7949:DSA
7930:DoS
7813:JSS
7765:CCF
7698:SRI
7612:CCE
7598:ITA
7583:AEB
7571:ABE
7547:AEM
7510:NRO
7474:FCC
7448:OSC
7419:CSA
6754:AJA
5984:ISS
5949:Mir
5758:NRO
5748:FCC
5475:ISS
3733:Mir
2416:Law
1305:TMK
1248:Mir
1235:TKS
179:in
97:Mir
9213::
8366:EU
7703:VK
1411:DS
1263:/
1233:/
1002:^
954:.
929:.
839:.
818:^
797:^
763:.
737:.
625::
616:,
612::
596::
575::
494:,
490::
481:,
477::
460:.
428:,
338:A
255:A
78:.
8256:/
8228:)
8224:(
7259:e
7252:t
7245:v
5248:"
5244:"
4909:/
4135:e
4128:t
4121:v
3297:e
3290:t
3283:v
2427:)
2423:(
2407:)
2403:(
2392:)
2388:(
1874:e
1867:t
1860:v
1123:)
1077:e
1070:t
1063:v
1049:.
1021:.
996:.
964:.
939:.
773:.
748:.
723:.
20:)
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