1024:
552:
818:. One of the ventures he undertook was to correct religious books, which had accumulated a lot of errors and misreadings as they used to be copied by sometimes illiterate scribes. As a result, religious services differed in different parts of the country. Patriarch Nikon set the goal to unify service in Russia and to correct errors in religious books (including menologia). New translations from Greek were made to achieve this goal. Corrected versions were printed in 1654.
832:
25:
691:
944:
716:, which described religious services, ceremonies for each day, including which saint to praise. Religious tradition dictated that children should be named in honor of a saint, praised on the day of baptism. Sometimes on birthday, sometimes any day between birth and baptism. Minei were extremely expensive, so some churches couldn't afford them. One possible solution was to use menologia (
903:. As a result, the whole conception of name changed. Naming no longer depended on religious traditions and rules. Direct and tight connection with orthodox saints names was lost. Any citizen was free to choose a name he wished for himself and his children. As a matter of fact, any word could be used as a name; function of civil registry was reduced to proper registration of citizens.
986:
Short form were derived from truncated stems of full forms, sometimes preserving very little in common. There are traditional short form, formed by adding -a or -ya suffix to a truncated stem of a name: Valer(y) → Valera, Fyod(or) → Fedya, Rom(an) → Roma, Pyot(r) → Petya, Ol(ga) → Olya, Vic(toriya) →
939:
Prior to
October Revolution, canonical form was considered official. It was documented in baptismal register books. However, in birth certificate and other documents a secular form was used. Arising ambiguity was not considered important and did not cause any legal consequences. In baptismal register
921:
started issuing calendars similar to those that had existed prior to the
Revolution. This new kind of calendars included traditional but rare names given without reference to saints as well as new names. New names comprised non-baptismal names, both Russian and Slavic, borrowed names and newly formed
898:
Modern era begins right after
October Revolution. The decree "On Separation of Church from State and Schools from Church" outlawed connection of any public and social acts with religious ceremonies. Since that baptism ceased to be a legally binding act. The right to register names was handed to civil
733:
Minei were among the first books to be translated into
Russian from Greek. With a rare exceptions names were not translated, preserving their original pronunciation. Their meaning was completely obscure for vast majority of people and they were perceived as alien. This state of things led on the one
595:
Names based on individual characteristics, like hair and skin color. Names like
Chernysh, Chernyai, Chernyava,(=black one) Bel, Belyai, Belyak, Beloukha (=white one) were widely used. Constitution features also could be reflected in a name: Mal (Small), Малюта, Малой (Smaller), Долгой (Tall), Сухой
742:
Christian and pagan names coexisted up to the 17th century. One of the reasons is that parents could not choose a name for a child freely – a newborn was baptized according to the menologium. Sometimes several children in one family would bear one name. Furthermore, the total number of names in the
1039:
As already stated above, the short form is generally used in spoken conversation between acquainted people and usually doesn't act as an official or public name. However starting from the late 1980s in popular culture, in artistic circles short names gained new status. They appear on posters, disk
1035:
There are names for which a short form is difficult to produce. These are usually rare names like Erast, Orest, Toviy, Radiy, Rosa and suchlike. Also some (usually two-syllable) names in are traditionally used in full form even in informal conversation disregarding their short forms (Andrey, Igor,
954:
After the
Revolution, various forms of one's name started being considered as different names. Names from the example above – Georgy, Yegor and Yuriy became legally different names after the Revolution. Generally, names are considered to be different if they acquired significant differences during
673:
All previously mentioned names fall into domestic category were used in family circle. However, when a person entered a broader social group (changing his occupation or place of residence), his name was replaced or supplemented by another. This sort of nickname exceeds family names in number - an
1078:
forms constitute a distinct body among various derivative forms. As opposed to full, formal names, their short forms are emotional. They demonstrate warm and tender attitude towards addressee, although some diminutive forms can bear slighting or pejorative emotions. Diminutive forms generally are
677:
Not all pre-Christian names were equally popular. Only some tens of several thousand names were actively used. Popularity of pagan names resulted in formation of various diminutive forms: Bychko from Byk, Zhdanko from Zhdan, Puzeika from Puzo and so on. The most popular names had many forms. For
1113:
Diminutives derived with -k- suffix carry a pejorative tint, (Sashka, Grishka, Svetka etc.) This is related to a historical tradition to use semi-names to refer to oneself when speaking with a person of higher social status. However, among peers this form didn't have such a tint, indicating only
1019:
Unrestrained derivation of new names made possible coexistence of multiple short forms of the same name. For example, Irina → Rina, Risha, Irisha, Ina; Vitaliy → Vitalya, Vita, Vitya, Talya, Vitasha. On the other hand, extremely faint phonetic connection between short and full forms permits to
681:
Increasing influence of the
Russian Orthodox church on social life led to gradual elimination of pagan nicknames. However, they didn't become completely extinct, as they served as basis for major part of Russian surnames (the first stage of surname formation took place in the 15th century).
982:
As opposed to full forms used in formal situations, short forms of a name are used in communication between well-acquainted people, usually relatives, friends and colleagues. Short forms emerged in spoken language for convenience as majority of formal names are cumbersome. They are often
935:
According to
Russian naming tradition, people are addressed by their name followed by a patronymic in official speech. In official situations, one's given name is always written or spoken in its legal form (name given at birth and documented in papers like birth certificate and passport).
983:
multi-syllabic or otherwise phonetically aberrant. Short forms, being stylistically neutral, demonstrate that people using them are in close relationships and equal statuses. In cases where elder people address younger ones, short names also are stylistically neutral.
1020:
associate one short form with many full names. For example "Dictionary of
Russian personal names" by N.A. Petrovskiy corresponds Alya to 19 masculine and 18 feminine names including Aleksey, Oleg, Yuvenaliy, Aleksandr and Aleksandra, Alisa, Alla, Galina.
709:
Adoption of
Christianity led to introduction of completely new, foreign names that were tightly connected to baptism ceremony: according to Christian tradition baptism presumes giving Christian name. Names were given according to special books – minei
629:
Animal and plant-related names: Бык (bull), Волк (wolf), Ворон (raven), Щука (pike), Кот (cat), Кошка (she-cat), Жеребец (Stallion), Корова (cow), Щавей (from щавель, rumex), Трава (grass), Пырей. It is believed that this kind of name is a relic of
922:
names. Calendars of 1920-30 being a good reference wasn't the only source of names. As mentioned above, parents were free to pick any name they wished, and this freedom led to active name formation, which later was dubbed "anthroponymic bang".
599:
Names describing personality, habits and behaviour. Among them Забава (fun or game), Истома, Крик (scream), Скряба, Молчан (silent one), Неулыба (one who does not smile), Булгак (restless), Смеяна (one who laughs) и Несмеяна (one who does not
487:
The number of currently used names is relatively small. According to various estimations no more than 600 masculine and feminine names more or less regularly appear in modern generations: the main body of given names does not exceed 300–400.
547:
Old Slavonic names are exceptionally diverse. The Dictionary of Old Slavonic names by N. M. Tupikov, printed in 1903, comprised 5300 masculine and 50 feminine names. Old Slavonic names fall in several categories:
603:
Names reflecting attitude toward the child, whether it was longed for: Богдан (gift of God) и Богдана, Бажен (desired one), Голуба, Любава (loved one), Ждан (awaited one) и Неждан (unexpected one), Хотен, Чаян и
637:
Names related to beliefs that "bad" words can deflect evil spirits, diseases and even death: Горяин, Немил, Некрас (ugly one), Нелюба (loveless one), Неустрой, Злоба (Anger), Тугарин (from туга — печаль,
324:
and in popular calendars of the Soviet era that had been printed since the second half of the 19th century. 95% of the Russian-speaking population in the Soviet Union in the 1980s had calendar names.
163:(calendar or Christian names, usually modified) and non-canonical. The 14th century was marked by the elimination of non-canonical names, that ended by the 18th century. In the 20th century after the
540:
was made during this period. Given names in Old East Slavonic language (nickname, epithet, handle) are similar to appellation after a particular episode. Pre-Christian names were used in
1682:
678:
example, root -bel- produced a wide range of names like Bela, Belka, Belava, Beloy, Belonya, Belyay, Belyash. Root -sem- produced 33 names, including Semanya, Semeika and Semushka.
705:, Year calendar) picturing all saints organized by their respective days. This kind of icon was exhibited in a church, so that even the illiterate could consult them at any moment.
515:, starting from October Revolution, characterized by elimination of difference between canonical, calendar and non-calendar names, active borrowing and active name construction.
798:
became especially important. Unification of Russian feudal states also contributed to raise of church's influence on policy and society. Under influence of the church many
1114:
simplicity in communication and close relation. Nonetheless, in modern Russian diminutives like Vasyka, Marinka, Vit'ka, Alka are considered stylistically lowered.
743:
menologium at the time didn't exceed 400. Pagan nicknames being more diverse and less restrictive provided a convenient way to distinguish people bearing one name.
769:(lit. Andrew the Mare) a progenitor of Romanov dynasty and some other boyar families man serve as an example as well his sons' names: Semyon Zherebets (Semyon the
974:
There are names which, being legally different, are considered the same in common usage and share short forms, like Nataliya and Natalya (short form – Natasha).
781:). Craftsmen did name their children in the same manner. For example, Ivan Fyodorov the first man to print a book often signed as Ivan Fyodorov, son of Moskvit (
746:
A practice established in the 14th to 16th centuries supposed giving two names: a baptismal name (usually modified) and a nickname. For example: Trofimko Czar (
2206:
1052:, Lyuba Uspenskaya, Masha Rasputina, Natasha Koroleva became known under their short names. This approach is perceived as accepted part of artistic freedom.
1899:
1516:
415:
1088:). Diminutive forms can be derived from both short and full names. For example: from Maria (full form) following diminutive forms can be derived:
814:
In XVII century, names divided in the three distinct forms: popular (spoken), literary and baptismal (church form). This process was boosted by
2515:
910:, a high-ranked soviet officer, Civil war veteran was among the first to use a new name, naming his son Timur. Another example is the case of
1304:
435:
1396:
361:
1023:
151:
The evolution of Russian given names dates back to the pre-Christian era, though the list of common names changed drastically after the
1356:
544:
several centuries after adoption of Christianity. They were commonly used alongside Christian names until the end of the XVII century.
940:
books, people bearing names Yuriy and Egor appeared as Georgy, but in other documents, they could use the variant they were used to.
395:
2281:
790:
Influence of Russian Orthodox church steadily grew in 11th–14th centuries, its influence as a consolidating religious force after
1818:
1723:
1638:
1165:
1003:: Ma(ria) → Manya, So(fya) → Sonya, Ta(tyana) → Tanya, Ga(vriil) → Ganya, Ge(nnadiy) → Gena, (An)to(nina) → Tonya, A(nna) → Anya;
365:
97:
2522:
1939:
69:
2034:
1697:
1376:
2418:
2368:
2080:
1333:
179:
76:
2311:
1255:
853:
46:
987:
Vika. Such transformation results in a short word ending with an open syllable, convenient to address or call a person.
734:
hand to long coexistence of Christian and pagan names and to active assimilation and transformation of Christian names.
2581:
1813:
1432:
152:
2246:
2135:
2070:
1371:
1230:
997:: Ma(ria) → Masha, Pa(vel) → Pasha, Mi(khail) → Misha, Da(rya) → Dasha, (A)le(ksey) → Lyosha, (Alek)sa(ndr) → Sasha;
990:
Russian language has neutral suffixes that are used (sometimes with -a and -ya) with more radically truncated stems:
879:
116:
914:, a well-known atheistic activist who named his son Svet. The Soviet writer Artem Veseliy named his daughter Volga.
861:
83:
54:
1994:
1977:
1643:
509:, foreign Christian names began to replace old pagan names; small proportion of traditional names became canonical;
1788:
1326:
136:
names constitute a fair proportion of Russian given names, but there are many exceptions including pre-Christian
2393:
2019:
1452:
857:
65:
50:
2189:
1904:
1728:
1688:
1442:
1366:
1361:
1265:
1123:
2475:
2455:
2358:
2009:
1959:
1823:
1668:
1633:
1316:
1085:-ochk-, -echk-, -onyk-, -enyk-, -ushk-, -yushk-, -yush-, -yash-, -ul-, -ush-, -un-, -us-, -k-, -ik- &c.
536:) used almost exclusively Slavonic names which were given at birth. No distinction between first name and
524:
Before the adoption of Christianity until the end of the 10th century, eastern Slavs (ancestors of modern
2373:
2110:
1982:
1889:
1843:
1833:
1798:
1678:
1553:
1538:
1192:
1158:
592:(the fourth) and so on. Due to biological limitations, those names wouldn't go far beyond ten (Desyatko).
2586:
2433:
2266:
2048:
2029:
1929:
1919:
1914:
1506:
1386:
907:
289:
2576:
2485:
2465:
2438:
2194:
1954:
1713:
1592:
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1401:
1079:
used by close relatives and good friends. They are often used by parents addressing their children.
551:
1999:
1838:
1808:
1673:
1587:
1496:
1459:
842:
35:
2505:
2480:
2316:
2165:
2125:
1828:
1773:
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1526:
846:
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adult has more distinct characteristics that can be used as a basis for a nickname than a child.
133:
39:
90:
2443:
2301:
2271:
2226:
2177:
2172:
2105:
1989:
1949:
1909:
1743:
1653:
1648:
1469:
1381:
1248:
1151:
893:
791:
405:
331:
299:
141:
316:"). The group of calendar names includes traditional names that used to be listed in orthodox
2470:
2211:
2184:
2145:
2085:
1884:
1853:
1763:
1511:
1447:
2500:
2408:
2403:
2155:
2090:
1848:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1738:
1733:
1693:
1200:
351:
1055:
Many Russian short names are used, in slightly adapted form, as full legal given names in
8:
2495:
2251:
2201:
2120:
2024:
1858:
1803:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1703:
1663:
1628:
1570:
1484:
1415:
1277:
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and Alyona, Irina and Arina, Anastasia and Nastasya, Iosif and Osip, Yuliania and Ulyana.
455:
445:
243:
205:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2363:
2348:
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2236:
2221:
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2130:
2100:
2075:
2060:
2004:
1944:
1934:
1793:
1616:
1602:
1597:
1543:
1479:
1289:
964:
321:
261:
233:
164:
758:
the Humpback), Amvrosiy Kovyazin, Sidorko Litvin. This practice was widespread in all
2541:
2293:
2261:
2256:
2241:
2216:
2065:
2014:
1964:
1894:
1872:
1717:
1501:
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1427:
1391:
1294:
1260:
1238:
1183:
1082:
Diminutive and affectionate forms are derived by adding various diminutive suffixes (
1028:
948:
385:
271:
201:
156:
596:(thin one), Толстой (Fat one), Голова (Head), Головач, Лобан, Беспалой (Fingerless).
2490:
2428:
2383:
2326:
2231:
2150:
2115:
1924:
1575:
1474:
1282:
1128:
698:
556:
303:
145:
137:
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2510:
2413:
2353:
2343:
2331:
2276:
2095:
1489:
1464:
1243:
167:
the whole idea of a name changed. It was a completely new era in the history of
2448:
2321:
1582:
1548:
1272:
1225:
1067:. For example: Anja, Feđa, Katja/Kaća, Maša, Nataša, Olja, Saša, Sonja, Tanja.
1049:
900:
662:
541:
327:
285:
175:
970:
Differing in stem: Georgiy and Yuriy, Cyprian and Cupryan, Evstafiy and Ostap.
2570:
2555:
2460:
1969:
1708:
1299:
766:
1015:
and -us-: Lyud(mila) → Lyuda, (A)ga(fya) → Gasya, (Ev)d(okiya) → Dusya etc..
2336:
1321:
1311:
1041:
911:
183:
168:
567:") used to be a personal name, hence the popularity of the surname Morozov
1531:
1338:
1215:
727:
533:
191:
1098:
Manya (another short form) → Manechka, Manyusya, Manyusha, Manyasha etc.
1560:
1220:
1210:
1133:
1075:
1060:
1045:
906:
Social innovations gave incentive to develop "new names for new life".
529:
496:
The history of Russian given name is usually divided in three stages:
317:
1092:
Maria → Maryunya, Marunya, Marusya, Maryusha, Maryushka and Maryasha.
809:
503:, period of pagan names, created by means of Old-East Slavic language.
1205:
755:
831:
24:
1102:
From Viktor (full form) following diminutive forms can be derived:
960:
918:
795:
770:
723:
537:
525:
375:
313:
187:
1143:
806:, began to abandon their pagan names in favor of Christian names.
1683:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1565:
1064:
275:
257:
247:
160:
1174:
1056:
925:
815:
774:
759:
690:
619:
465:
215:
182:. A common custom is to name the baby for the saint who is the
787:
may also be translated as Ivan son of Fyodor, the moscovite).
943:
803:
799:
763:
654:
631:
564:
475:
425:
229:
219:
685:
751:
694:
646:
341:
178:
are known as "calendar names" from their occurrence in the
778:
159:
two types of names were in use: canonical names given at
132:
are provided at birth or selected during a name change.
1009:: (Fe)li(zia) → Lika, I(gor') → Ika, Mi(khail) → Mika;
657:Татарин, Kozarin Козарин (от названия хазар), Ontoman
572:
Numerical names representing birth order in a family:
1083:
810:
Separation of Baptismal, Popular and Literary forms
737:
1095:Masha (short form) → Mashka, Mashenyka, Mashulya.
726:with brief listing of religious celebrations and
171:, marked by significant changes in common names.
2568:
977:
1048:, Vlad Topalov, Nastya Poleva, Tanya Bulanova,
754:), Fedka Knyazets, Karp Guba, Prokopiy Gorbun (
444:). Names borrowed from other languages include
1159:
794:and during period of feudal fragmentation in
782:
717:
711:
641:Names related to other nations : Chudin
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140:names, Communist names, and names taken from
926:Formal Russian name and its derivative forms
860:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
519:
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1166:
1152:
1040:covers and are widely used in mass media.
144:. Given names form a distinct area of the
880:Learn how and when to remove this message
686:Establishment of Russian naming tradition
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1022:
942:
689:
550:
1819:Collective Security Treaty Organization
2569:
1377:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
1147:
1109:Vitya (short form) → Vitenka, Vit'ka.
955:assimilation, as in following cases:
821:
2516:Unified Sports Classification System
858:adding citations to reliable sources
825:
180:Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
51:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1173:
1070:
930:
13:
1814:Commonwealth of Independent States
773:), Aleksandr Yolka (Alexandre the
14:
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830:
738:Coexistence of old and new names
23:
1084:
1:
1724:Political abuse of psychiatry
1139:
1124:Eastern Slavic naming customs
978:Full (formal) and short forms
777:), Fyodor Koshka (Fyodor the
2369:Traditions and superstitions
404:). Soviet-era names include
364:. Old Russian names include
7:
2035:Water supply and sanitation
1117:
148:with some unique features.
142:ethnic minorities in Russia
10:
2603:
891:
784:Иван Фёдоров сын Москвитин
491:
2582:Russian words and phrases
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2292:
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2047:
1880:
1871:
1624:
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1423:
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1036:Oleg, Vera, Inna, Nina).
1031:as «Natalya Vladimirovna»
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1809:Prime Minister of Russia
816:Patriarch Nikon's reform
520:Before the Christian era
153:adoption of Christianity
2247:Social entrepreneurship
2136:Forced public apologies
2071:Anti-American sentiment
1027:No fan would designate
1995:Social security system
1978:Science and technology
1644:Classified information
1470:Central Russian Upland
1032:
951:
894:Names of Soviet origin
792:Mongol invasion of Rus
783:
718:
712:
706:
568:
2456:Russian tsars regalia
1789:Intelligence agencies
1512:Great Russian Regions
1256:Expansion (1500-1800)
1026:
959:Names have different
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693:
554:
190:. Such names include
174:The names of popular
16:Russian naming system
2523:World Heritage sites
1900:Droughts and famines
1453:Environmental issues
1201:Proto-Indo-Europeans
899:authorities, namely
854:improve this section
66:"Russian given name"
47:improve this article
2374:Forms of addressing
1983:Academy of Sciences
1940:Financial districts
1804:President of Russia
1729:Political divisions
1689:Freedom of assembly
1571:West Siberian Plain
1317:Great Patriotic War
1278:February Revolution
614:(spring one), Zima
130:Russian given names
2424:Russian given name
2010:Telecommunications
1960:Petroleum industry
1824:State of emergency
1669:Far-right politics
1634:Capital punishment
1480:Meshchera Lowlands
1334:Russian Federation
1290:October Revolution
1033:
952:
822:Early Soviet Union
719:Месяцеслов, святцы
707:
569:
322:October Revolution
165:October Revolution
134:Orthodox Christian
2587:Culture of Russia
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2111:Domestic violence
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1965:Russian oligarchs
1890:Aircraft industry
1867:
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1844:Mass surveillance
1834:Search and rescue
1799:Political parties
1679:Foreign relations
1611:
1610:
1410:
1409:
1402:Historical cities
1261:Tsardom of Russia
1029:Natasha Korolyova
949:internal passport
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889:
882:
802:, descendants of
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2577:Names by country
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2491:Russian language
2434:National symbols
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1930:Fishing industry
1920:Economic regions
1915:Defence industry
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1475:Northwest Russia
1433:Cities and towns
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1283:Russian Republic
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1129:Russian language
1106:Viktor → Vitya.
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1071:Diminutive forms
931:Legal given name
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697:"Минеи на год" (
653:), Karel Карел,
607:Seasonal names:
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452:
443:
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433:
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413:
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403:
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393:
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383:
382:
373:
372:
359:
358:
349:
348:
339:
338:
311:
310:
297:
296:
283:
282:
269:
268:
255:
254:
241:
240:
227:
226:
213:
212:
199:
198:
146:Russian language
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
27:
19:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2547:
2540:
2527:
2486:Public holidays
2481:Political jokes
2466:Personification
2419:Names of Russia
2288:
2207:Life expectancy
2039:
1971:
1863:
1714:Law enforcement
1607:
1593:Protected areas
1490:Smolensk Upland
1485:Oka–Don Lowland
1465:European Russia
1406:
1345:
1231:Mongol invasion
1178:
1172:
1142:
1120:
1073:
980:
933:
928:
896:
886:
875:
869:
866:
851:
835:
824:
812:
740:
688:
522:
494:
157:medieval Russia
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
44:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2529:
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2520:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2503:
2498:
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2431:
2426:
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2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
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2376:
2371:
2366:
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2356:
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2346:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Space industry
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:Urban planning
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1674:Federal budget
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:North Caucasus
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1519:
1517:Highest points
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1460:Extreme points
1457:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1273:Russian Empire
1270:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177: articles
1171:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1072:
1069:
1050:Vika Tsyganova
1017:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
979:
976:
972:
971:
968:
932:
929:
927:
924:
908:Mikhail Frunze
901:civil registry
892:Main article:
888:
887:
838:
836:
829:
823:
820:
811:
808:
739:
736:
713:Месячные минеи
687:
684:
671:
670:
639:
635:
627:
605:
601:
597:
593:
584:(the second),
521:
518:
517:
516:
510:
504:
493:
490:
330:names include
328:Ancient Slavic
125:
124:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2599:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Seven Wonders
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:Playing cards
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
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2334:
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2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2166:Mental health
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Ethnic groups
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Civil defense
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:Media freedom
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Criminal code
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:Civil Service
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:Russian state
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
991:
988:
984:
975:
969:
966:
962:
958:
957:
956:
950:
945:
941:
937:
923:
920:
915:
913:
909:
904:
902:
895:
884:
881:
873:
870:February 2012
863:
859:
855:
849:
848:
844:
839:This section
837:
833:
828:
827:
819:
817:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
788:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Andrei Kobyla
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
735:
731:
729:
725:
720:
714:
700:
696:
692:
683:
679:
675:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
633:
628:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:
588:(the third),
587:
583:
580:(the first),
579:
575:
571:
570:
566:
558:
553:
549:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:pre-Christian
499:
498:
497:
489:
485:
477:
467:
457:
447:
437:
427:
417:
407:
397:
387:
377:
367:
363:
353:
343:
333:
329:
325:
323:
320:prior to the
319:
315:
305:
301:
291:
287:
277:
273:
263:
259:
249:
245:
235:
231:
221:
217:
207:
203:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
169:Russian names
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
121:
118:
110:
107:February 2012
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2444:Coat of arms
2423:
2404:Martial arts
2312:Army culture
2302:Architecture
2272:Witch trials
2227:Prostitution
2173:Human rights
2106:Demographics
2020:Trade unions
1990:Shipbuilding
1950:Homelessness
1910:Central Bank
1905:Car industry
1744:Conservatism
1654:Constitution
1649:Conscription
1322:Eastern Bloc
1312:Soviet Union
1305:Russian SFSR
1235:Feudal Rus'
1112:
1101:
1081:
1074:
1054:
1042:Dima Malikov
1038:
1034:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
989:
985:
981:
973:
953:
938:
934:
916:
912:Demyan Bedny
905:
897:
876:
867:
852:Please help
840:
813:
789:
745:
741:
732:
708:
703:Minei na god
680:
676:
672:
666:
658:
650:
642:
623:
615:
611:
608:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
546:
523:
512:
506:
500:
495:
486:
326:
173:
150:
129:
128:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
45:Please help
33:
2496:tea culture
2349:Fairy tales
2212:Open access
2185:Immigration
2146:Gun control
1885:Agriculture
1854:Term limits
1764:Martial law
1759:Nationalism
1754:Irredentism
1749:Imperialism
1532:Caspian Sea
1448:Environment
1443:Earthquakes
1339:Union State
1327:Dissolution
1226:Kievan Rus'
1216:Early Slavs
917:Since 1924
728:Saints days
534:Belarusians
186:over their
2571:Categories
2501:Television
2476:Philosophy
2409:Mass media
2399:Literature
2394:Inventions
2156:Healthcare
2091:Corruption
2081:Censorship
1972:(currency)
1849:Separatism
1794:Opposition
1779:Neo-Nazism
1769:Monarchism
1739:Liberalism
1734:Propaganda
1694:Government
1561:North Asia
1362:Journalism
1221:East Slavs
1211:Sarmatians
1140:References
1134:Onomastics
1076:Diminutive
1061:Montenegro
1046:Dima Bilan
590:Chetvertak
530:Ukrainians
77:newspapers
2359:Festivals
2252:Sociology
2202:Languages
2121:Education
2025:Transport
1859:Terrorism
1704:Judiciary
1698:Apparatus
1664:Elections
1629:Anarchism
1603:Far North
1554:Volcanoes
1539:Mountains
1416:Geography
1295:Civil war
1206:Scythians
841:does not
756:Procopius
724:calendars
622:), Moroz
555:«Moroz» (
507:Christian
362:Dobromila
337:Станислав
332:Stanislav
318:menologia
309:Маргарита
304:Margarita
300:Elizabeth
295:Елизавета
290:Elizaveta
34:does not
2551:Category
2429:Nobility
2389:Internet
2384:Heraldry
2379:Graffiti
2364:Folklore
2307:Armorial
2237:Religion
2222:Polygamy
2161:HIV/AIDS
2141:Funerals
2131:Feminism
2101:Deafness
2086:Citizens
2076:Cannabis
2061:Abortion
2005:Taxation
1945:Gambling
1935:Forestry
1784:Military
1617:Politics
1598:Wildlife
1544:Caucasus
1507:Glaciers
1387:Military
1372:Internet
1350:By topic
1244:Vladimir
1239:Novgorod
1193:Timeline
1118:See also
961:initials
947:Russian
919:Gosizdat
796:Kiev Rus
771:Stallion
667:оттоманы
665:people,
649:people,
638:sorrow).
634:beliefs.
626:(frost).
609:Veshnyak
538:nickname
526:Russians
421:Авангард
416:Avangard
381:Пересвет
376:Peresvet
314:Margaret
188:birthday
2542:Outline
2354:Fashion
2344:Fashion
2332:Cuisine
2294:Culture
2282:in army
2267:Wedding
2262:Suicide
2257:Smoking
2242:Slavery
2217:Orphans
2190:Illegal
2066:Alcohol
2049:Society
2015:Tourism
1895:Banking
1873:Economy
1718:Prisons
1566:Siberia
1522:Islands
1502:Geology
1438:Climate
1428:Borders
1392:Outline
1367:Judaism
1357:Economy
1184:History
1065:Croatia
862:removed
847:sources
800:knyazes
760:stratas
699:Russian
661:(after
659:Онтоман
655:Tatarin
645:(after
600:laugh).
586:Tretyak
557:Russian
492:History
474:), and
451:Альберт
434:), and
396:Lyubava
394:), and
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161:baptism
91:scholar
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2327:Cinema
2322:Ballet
2232:Racism
2195:Labour
2151:Health
2116:Doping
1970:Ruble
1955:Mining
1925:Energy
1588:Rivers
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1249:Moscow
1175:Russia
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620:winter
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582:Vtorak
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