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2840:, a prominent bandit leader and the future "Old Marshal" who would rule Manchuria as a warlord between 1916 and 1928, worked as a honghuzi for the Japanese. Manchuria was still officially part of the Chinese Empire, and the Chinese civil servants tried their best to be neutral as Russian and Japanese troops marched across Manchuria. In the parts of Manchuria occupied by the Japanese, Tokyo appointed "civil governors" who worked to improve health, sanitation and the state of the roads. These activities were also self-interested, as improved roads lessened Japanese logistics problems while improved health amongst the Chinese lessened the dangers of diseases infecting the Japanese troops. By contrast, the Russians made no effort to improve sanitation or health amongst the Chinese, and destroyed everything when they retreated. Many Chinese tended to see the Japanese as the lesser evil.
4302:. Set in both Russia and Japan, it ends with the Dogger Bank incident involving the Baltic Fleet. The political thinking displayed there is typical of the time. There is great admiration for the Japanese, who were British allies. Russia is in turmoil, but the main impetus towards war is not imperialism as such but commercial forces. "Every student of modern history has remarked the fact that all recent wars have been promoted by great combinations of capitalists. The causes which formerly led to war between nation and nation have ceased to operate" (p. 40). The true villain plotting in the background, however, is the German Emperor, seeking to destabilise the European balance of power in his country's favour. Towards the end of the novel, the narrator steals a German submarine and successfully foils a plot to involve the British in the war. The submarine motif reappeared in
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1974:...undertaking the protection and defence of the White Race, and with it, Christian civilization, against the Yellow Race. And whatever the Japs are determined to ensure the domination of the Yellow Race in East Asia, to put themselves at its head and organise and lead it into battle against the White Race. That is the kernel of the situation, and therefore there can be very little doubt about where the sympathies of all half-way intelligent Europeans should lie. England betrayed Europe's interests to America in a cowardly and shameful way over the Panama Canal question, so as to be left in 'peace' by the Yankees. Will the 'Tsar' likewise betray the interests of the White Race to the Yellow as to be 'left in peace' and not embarrass the Hague tribunal too much?.
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1782:) often wrote letters to his cousin Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, praising him as the "saviour of the white race" and urging Russia forward in Asia. From November 1894 onward, Wilhelm had been writing letters praising Nicholas as Europe's defender from the "Yellow Peril", assuring the Tsar that God Himself had "chosen" Russia to defend Europe from the alleged Asian threat. On 1 November 1902 Wilhelm wrote to Nicholas that "certain symptoms in the East seem to show that Japan is becoming a rather restless customer" and "it is evident to every unbiased mind that Korea must and will be Russian". Wilhelm ended his letter with the warning that Japan and China would soon unite against Europe, writing:
2001:. Crucially, Nicholas mismanaged his government. Although certain scholars contend that the situation arose from the determination of Nicholas II to use the war against Japan to spark a revival in Russian patriotism, no historical evidence supports this claim. The Tsar's advisors did not support the war, foreseeing problems in transporting troops and supplies from European Russia to the East. The Tsar himself repeatedly delayed negotiations with the Japanese government as he believed that he was protected by God and the autocracy. The Japanese understanding of this can be seen in a telegram from Japanese minister of foreign affairs, Komura, to the minister to Russia, in which he stated:
1397:("Conquer Korea Argument") had bitterly divided the Japanese elite: one faction wanted to conquer Korea immediately, another wanted to wait until Japan was further modernized before embarking on a war to conquer Korea; significantly, no one in the Japanese elite ever accepted the idea that the Koreans had the right to be independent, with only the question of timing dividing the two factions. In much the same way that Europeans used the "backwardness" of African and Asian nations as a reason for why they had to conquer them, for the Japanese elite the "backwardness" of China and Korea was proof of the inferiority of those nations, thus giving the Japanese the "right" to conquer them.
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garrison of Taiwan. A regular
Japanese division contained 11,400 infantry, 430 cavalry and 36 guns – the guns being organised into batteries of 6. Though another 4 divisions and 4 reserve brigades were formed in 1904, no further formations were created as the reserves were used to replace losses sustained in combat. Japanese reserves were given a full year of training before entering combat, though as the war progressed this was reduced to 6 months due to high casualties. The Japanese army did not follow the European convention of implementing Corps, thus there were no corps troops or command and the Japanese divisions were immediately subordinate to armies.
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with
Olender giving each Japanese division 19,000 men including auxiliary troops; he also states that the 13 reserve brigades contained 8,000 men each and mentions 20 fortress battalions, which is omitted by Connaughton. It is further stated that the Japanese army possessed 1,080 field guns and between 120 and 150 heavy guns at the war's commencement. Japanese cavalry was not considered the elite of the army as was the case in Russia; instead Japanese cavalry primarily acted as scouts and fought dismounted, armed with carbine and sword; this was reflected in the fact that each cavalry brigade contained 6 machine guns.
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soldiers. The defeats of the Army and Navy shook
Russian confidence. Throughout 1905, the Imperial Russian government was rocked by revolution. The population was against escalation of the war. The empire was certainly capable of sending more troops, but this would make little difference in the outcome due to the poor state of the economy, the embarrassing defeats of the Russian Army and Navy by the Japanese, and the relative unimportance to Russia of the disputed land, which made the war extremely unpopular. Tsar Nicholas II elected to negotiate peace so he could concentrate on internal matters after the disaster of
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coal at neutral ports, forcing the
Russian authorities to acquire a large fleet of colliers to supply the fleet at sea. The weight of the ships' stores needed for such a long journey was to be another major problem. The Russian Second Pacific Squadron (the renamed Baltic Fleet) sailed 18,000 nautical miles (33,000 km) to relieve Port Arthur only to hear the demoralizing news that Port Arthur had fallen while it was still at Madagascar. Admiral Rozhestvensky's only hope now was to reach the port of Vladivostok. There were three routes to Vladivostok, with the shortest and most direct passing through
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when the war commenced. They would be reinforced by 35,000 men after 4 months and a further 60,000 men 10 months after the commencement of the war at which point they would take the offensive. This plan was based on the erroneous belief that the
Japanese army could only mobilise 400,000 with them being unable to field more than 250,000 in an operational sense and 80,000–100,000 of their operational strength being necessary to secure supply lines and therefore only 150,000–170,000 Japanese soldiers would be available for field action. The possibility of Port Arthur being taken was dismissed entirely.
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that Russia played an aggressive role in the East, which it did; rather, it means that Russia unwisely calculated and supposed that Japan would not go to war against Russia's far larger and seemingly superior navy and army. Nicholas held the
Japanese in contempt as "yellow monkeys", and he took for granted that the Japanese would simply yield in the face of Russia's superior power, which thus explains his unwillingness to compromise. Evidence of Russia's false sense of security and superiority to Japan is seen by Russian reference to Japan's choosing war as a big mistake.
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3871:(£30.4 million); another loan in the amount of 600 million francs was agreed upon, but later cancelled. These loans were extended within a climate of mass bribing of the French press (made necessary by Russia's precarious economic and social situation and poor military performance). Although initially reluctant to participate in the war, the French government and major banks were co-operative since it became clear that Russian and French economic interests were tied. In addition to French money, Russia secured a loan in the amount of 500 million
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2607:, the Japanese were eventually able to capture the key hilltop bastion in December 1904. With a spotter at the end of a phone line located at this vantage point, the long-range artillery was able to shell the Russian fleet, which was unable to retaliate against the land-based artillery invisible over the other side of hilltop, and was unable or unwilling to sail out against the blockading fleet. Four Russian battleships and two cruisers were sunk in succession, with the fifth and last battleship being forced to scuttle a few weeks later. Thus, all
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Weide, the
Chinese ambassador in Saint Petersburg from July 1902 to September 1907, looked closely at whether a Russian or a Japanese victory would be favourable to China, and argued that the latter was preferable, as he maintained a Japanese victory presented the better chance for China to regain sovereignty over Manchuria. In December 1903 China decided to remain neutral if war came, because though Japan was the only power capable of evicting Russia from Manchuria, the extent of Japanese ambitions in Manchuria was not clear to Beijing.
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its military strength and to provide a large army in times of war. This system of conscription gave Japan a large pool of reserves to draw upon. The Active and 1st line reserve (the 1st line reserve was used to bring the active army to wartime strength) totalled 380,000; the 2nd line reserve contained 200,000; the conscript reserve a further 50,000; and the kokumin (akin to a national guard or militia) 220,000. This amounted to 850,000 trained troops available for service, in addition to 4,250,000 men in the untrained reserve.
4099:. These had been common during the Sino-Japanese war a decade earlier and celebrations of the new conflict tended to repeat the same imagery and situations. But by this time in Japan postcards had become the most common form of communication and they soon replaced prints as a medium for topographical imagery and war reportage. In some ways, however, they were still dependent on the print for their pictorial conventions, not least in issuing the cards in series that assembled into a composite scene or design, either as
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2005:...the Japanese government have at all times during the progress of the negotiations made it a special point to give prompt answers to all propositions of the Russian government. The negotiations have now been pending for no less than four months, and they have not yet reached a stage where the final issue can with certainty be predicted. In these circumstances the Japanese government cannot but regard with grave concern the situation for which the delays in negotiations are largely responsible.
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2820:", and saw all Asians, not just the Japanese, as the enemy. All of the Russian soldiers were much feared by the Chinese population of Manchuria, but it was the Cossacks whom they feared the most on the account of their brutality and insatiable desire to loot. Largely because of the more disciplined behavior of the Japanese, the Han and Manchu population of Manchuria tended to be pro-Japanese. Russian soldiers also reportedly raped Korean women, for example in the city of
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that the costs of the war had pushed their nation to the verge of bankruptcy, the
Japanese public was enraged by the Treaty of Portsmouth as many Japanese had expected the war to end with Russia ceding the Russian Far East to Japan and for Russia to pay an indemnity. The United States was widely blamed in Japan for the Treaty of Portsmouth with Roosevelt having allegedly "cheated" Japan out of its rightful claims at the peace conference. On 5 September 1905 the
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20 guns, with a corps containing around 12,000 men and lacking both artillery and divisional guns. Russia only possessed two
Siberian Corps, both unprepared for war. After war was declared, this number was raised to seven as the conflict progressed. The European Corps in comparison contained 28,000 soldiers and 112 guns with 6 such corps sent to the Far East during the war – a further three being dispatched that did not arrive before the war ended.
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2762:, whose captain successfully drew away Tōgō's heavy fire from the Russian flagship. Knowing of the impending battle with the battleship reinforcements arriving from Russia (the Baltic Fleet), Tōgō chose not to risk his battleships by pursuing his enemy as they turned about and headed back into Port Arthur, thus ending naval history's longest-range gunnery duel up to that time and the first modern clash of steel battleship fleets on the high seas.
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entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the
Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting,
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1406:, the foreign minister, gave a speech in 1887 saying "What we must do is to transform our empire and our people, make the empire like the countries of Europe and our people like the peoples of Europe," going on to say that the Chinese and Koreans had essentially forfeited their right to be independent by not modernizing. Much of the pressure for an aggressive foreign policy in Japan came from below, with the advocates of a
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4317:, is an exception. It features a Canadian volunteer in the Russian army who, on his return, agrees to talk about his experiences to an isolated upcountry community and relates his part in the Battle of Mukden. Though this incident only occupies two of the book's six chapters, it is used to illustrate the main message there, that war is "anti-Christian and barbarous, except in a defensive sense" (Ch. 3).
3779:'s thinking in tactical terms even as it undermined its strategic grasp of a changing world. Tactical orthodoxy, for example, assumed that a naval battle would imitate the conditions of stationary combat and that ships would engage in one long line sailing on parallel courses; but more flexible tactical thinking would now be required as a firing ship and its target manoeuvred independently.
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fight against the invasion, they were quickly overrun and ejected from Manchuria. After the Boxer Rebellion, 100,000 Russian soldiers were stationed in Manchuria. The Russian troops settled in and despite assurances they would vacate the area after the crisis, by 1903 the Russians had not established a timetable for withdrawal and had actually strengthened their position in Manchuria.
1625:(CER) in Manchuria. The Chinese Eastern Railroad was owned jointly by the Russian and Chinese governments, but the company's management was entirely Russian, the line was built to the Russian gauge and Russian troops were stationed in Manchuria to protect rail traffic on the CER from bandit attacks. The headquarters of the CER company was located in the new Russian-built city of
2744:, they commenced main battery fire at a range of about eight miles, the longest ever conducted up to that time. For about thirty minutes the battleships pounded one another until they had closed to less than four miles and began to bring their secondary batteries into play. At 18:30, a hit from one of Tōgō's battleships struck Vitgeft's flagship's bridge, killing him instantly.
4422:) was published in 1900 before the actual fighting began but shared the imperial tensions that produced it. It is the story of an armoured ram-armed submarine involved in a Russo-Japanese conflict. Three other novels appeared in 1908 and are thought of as significant now because of their prophetic dimension. American author Arthur Wellesley Kipling (1885–1947) prefaced his
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war; these post-war reports conclusively illustrated the battlefield destructiveness of this conflict. This was the first time the tactics of entrenched positions for infantry defended with machine guns and artillery became vitally important. Both would become dominant factors in World War I. Even though entrenched positions had already been a significant part of both the
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current war resides for social-democracy, even if we set aside its immediate effect: the collapse of Russian absolutism. This war brings the gaze of the international proletariat back to the great political and economic connectedness of the world, and violently dissipates in our ranks the particularism, the pettiness of ideas that form in any period of political calm.
3446:. Riots erupted in major cities in Japan following the incident, including demonstrations in front of the US Legation in Tokyo. Two specific requirements, expected after such a costly victory, were especially lacking: territorial gains and monetary reparations to Japan. The peace accord led to feelings of distrust, as the Japanese had intended to retain all of
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3525:". These included the mass mobilization of troops into battle and the need for so extensive a supply of equipment, armaments, and supplies that both domestic support and foreign aid were required. It is also argued that domestic response in Russia to the inefficiencies of the tsarist government set in motion the eventual dissolution of the Romanov dynasty.
2824:. The Japanese were also prone to looting, albeit in a considerably less brutal manner than the Russians, and summarily executed any Chinese or Manchu whom they suspected of being spies. The city of Liaoyang had the misfortune to be sacked three times within three days: first by the Russians, then by the Chinese police, and finally by the Japanese.
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humiliation at the hands of Japan caused the conflict to be viewed as a metaphor for the shortcomings of the Romanov autocracy. This discontent added fuel to the simmering Russian Revolution of 1905, an event Nicholas II had hoped to avoid by taking intransigent negotiating stances. To quell the uprising, Nicholas II issued the
3094:, which had originally consisted of six battleships, was now down to four battleships and one second class battleship (two had been lost to mines), but still retained its cruisers, destroyers, and torpedo boats. The Russian Second Pacific Squadron contained eight battleships, including four new battleships of the
1804:(in office 1901–1909), who was attempting to mediate the Russian–Japanese dispute, complained that Wilhelm's "Yellow Peril" propaganda, which strongly implied that Germany might go to war against Japan in support of Russia, encouraged Russian intransigence. On 24 July 1905, in a letter to the British diplomat
1808:, Roosevelt wrote that Wilhelm bore partial responsibility for the war as "he has done all he could to bring it about", charging that Wilhelm's constant warnings about the "Yellow Peril" had made the Russians uninterested in compromise as Nicholas believed that Germany would intervene if Japan attacked.
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Military leaders and senior tsarist officials agreed before the war that Russia was a much stronger nation and had little to fear from the Empire of Japan. The fanatical zeal of the Japanese infantrymen astonished the Russians, who were dismayed by the apathy, backwardness, and defeatism of their own
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after crossing the river. The defeat of the Russian Eastern Detachment removed the perception that the Japanese would be an easy enemy, that the war would be short, and that Russia would be the overwhelming victor. This was also the first battle in decades to be an Asian victory over a European power
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Emperor Gojong of Korea (King from 1864 to 1897, Emperor from 1897 to 1907) came to believe that the issue dividing Japan and Russia was Manchuria, and chose to pursue a policy of neutrality as the best way of preserving Korean independence as the crisis mounted. In a series of reports to Beijing, Hu
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in 1902 – the British seeking to restrict naval competition by keeping the Russian Pacific seaports of Vladivostok and Port Arthur from their full use. Japan's alliance with the British meant, in part, that if any nation allied itself with Russia during any war against Japan, then Britain would enter
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and the surrounding waters. The two parties further agreed that the convention could be extended by mutual agreement. The Russians clearly expected such an extension, for they lost no time in occupying the territory and in fortifying Port Arthur, their sole warm-water port on the Pacific coast and of
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steamed out to confront an encircling Japanese squadron rather than surrender. That act of heroism was first celebrated in a German song by Rudolf Greintz in 1907, which was quickly translated into Russian and sung to a martial accompaniment. These lyrics mourned the fallen lying in their graves and
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but were forced to settle for half of it after being pressured by the United States, with President Roosevelt opting to support Nicholas II's stance on not ceding territory or paying reparations. The Japanese had wanted reparations to help families recover from lost fathers and sons as well as heavy
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Japan had become the rising Asian power and had proven that its military could fight the major powers in Europe with success. Most Western powers were stunned that the Japanese not only prevailed but decisively defeated Russia. In the Russo-Japanese War, Japan had also portrayed a sense of readiness
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of an Asian power over a European nation. Russia's defeat was met with shock in the West and across the Far East. Japan's prestige rose greatly as it came to be seen as a modern nation. Concurrently, Russia lost virtually its entire Pacific and Baltic fleets, and also much international esteem. This
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for confirmation. The number of Japanese Army dead in combat or died of wounds is put at around 59,000 with around 27,000 additional casualties from disease, and between 6,000 and 12,000 wounded. Estimates of Russian Army dead range from around 34,000 to around 53,000 men with a further 9,000–19,000
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The Japanese attempted to deny the Russians use of Port Arthur. During the night of 13–14 February, the Japanese attempted to block the entrance to Port Arthur by sinking several concrete-filled steamers in the deep water channel to the port, but they sank too deep to be effective. A similar attempt
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the next morning. A series of indecisive naval engagements followed, in which Admiral Tōgō was unable to attack the Russian fleet successfully as it was protected by the shore batteries of the harbour, and the Russians were reluctant to leave the harbour for the open seas, especially after the death
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Unlike the Japanese, the Russians did utilise the Corps system and in fact maintained two distinct styles of Corps: the European and the Siberian. The two corps both possessed two divisions and their corresponding troop numbers, but a Siberian Division was much smaller, containing only 3,400 men and
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against the highly protectionist Russian empire, in which case, Manchuria, which was the larger market than Korea, was more likely to engage Anglo-American sympathies. Throughout the war, Japanese propaganda presented the recurring theme of Japan as a "civilized" power (that supported free trade and
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Reciprocal undertaking on the part of Russia and Japan not to impede development of those industrial and commercial activities respectively of Japan in Korea and of Russia in Manchuria, which are not inconsistent with the stipulations of article I of this agreement. Additional engagement on the part
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The Russo-Japanese War (Illustrated Edition) Complete History of the Conflict: Causes of the War, Korean Campaign, Naval Operations, Battle of the Yalu, Battle for Port Arthur, Battle of the Japan Sea, Peace Treaty Tyler, Sydney. The Russo-Japanese War (Illustrated Edition): Complete History of the
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positions within the land and naval forces of both Russia and Japan. These military attachés and other observers prepared first-hand accounts of the war and analytical papers. In-depth observer narratives of the war and more narrowly focused professional journal articles were written soon after the
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For East Asia this was the first confrontation in thirty years involving two modern armed forces. The advanced weaponry led to massive casualties. Neither Japan nor Russia had prepared for the number of deaths that would occur in this new kind of warfare, and neither had the resources to compensate
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Admiral Tōgō was aware of Russian progress and understood that, with the fall of Port Arthur, the Second and Third Pacific squadrons would try to reach the only other Russian port in the Far East, Vladivostok. Battle plans were laid down and ships were repaired and refitted to intercept the Russian
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on 21 October 1904, where the Russian fleet fired on British fishing boats that they mistook for enemy torpedo boats, nearly sparked a war with the United Kingdom (an ally of Japan, but neutral, unless provoked). During the voyage, the fleet separated into a portion that went through the Suez Canal
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were exploded in late December, resulting in the costly capture of a few more pieces of the defensive line. Stessel, therefore, decided to surrender to the surprised Japanese generals on 2 January 1905. He made his decision without consulting either the other military staff present, or the Tsar and
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Olender gives the figure at 100,000 men including 8 infantry divisions, fortress troops and support troops. The entire Russian army in 1904 amounted to 1,200,000 men in 29 Corps. The Russian plan was immensely flawed as the Russians possessed only 24,000 potential reinforcements east of Lake Baikal
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Some scholars have suggested that Nicholas II dragged Japan into war intentionally, in hopes of reviving Russian nationalism. This notion conflicts with a comment made by Nicholas to Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, saying there would be no war because he "did not wish it". This does not reject the claim
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When Nicholas replied that he still wanted peace, Wilhelm wrote back in a telegram "You innocent angel!", telling his advisors "This is the language of an innocent angel. But not that of a White Tsar!" Nevertheless, Tokyo believed that Russia was not serious about seeking a peaceful solution to the
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A recurring theme of Wilhelm's letters to Nicholas was that "Holy Russia" had been "chosen" by God to save the "entire white race" from the "Yellow Peril", and that Russia was "entitled" to annex all of Korea, Manchuria, and northern China up to Beijing. Wilhelm went on to assure Nicholas that once
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During the Russian–Japanese talks, the Japanese historian Hirono Yoshihiko noted, "once negotiations commenced between Japan and Russia, Russia scaled back its demands and claims regarding Korea bit by bit, making a series of concessions that Japan regarded as serious compromises on Russia's part".
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Reciprocal recognition of Japan's preponderating interests in Korea and Russia's special interests in railway enterprises in Manchuria, and of the right of Japan to take in Korea and of Russia to take in Manchuria such measures as may be necessary for the protection of their respective interests as
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Twenty to thirty million Chinese, supported by a half dozen Japanese divisions, led by competent, intrepid Japanese officers, full of hatred for Christianity – that is a vision of the future that cannot be contemplated without concern, and it is not impossible. On the contrary, it is
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Just as Japan was subject to pressure from the Great Powers, so she would apply pressure to still weaker countries – a clear case of the transfer psychology. In this regard it is significant that ever since the Meiji period demands for a tough foreign policy have come from the common
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Military and economic exhaustion affected both countries. Japanese historians regard this war as a turning point for Japan, and a key to understanding the reasons why Japan may have failed militarily and politically later. After the war, acrimony was felt at every level of Japanese society, and it
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To the Western powers, Japan's victory demonstrated the emergence of a new Asian regional power. With the Russian defeat, some scholars have argued that the war had set in motion a change in the global world order with the emergence of Japan as not only a regional power, but rather, the main Asian
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Though there had been popular support for the war among the Russian public following the Japanese attack at Port Arthur in 1904, that popular support soon turned to discontent after suffering multiple defeats at the hands of the Japanese forces. For many Russians, the immediate shock of unexpected
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After courting the Japanese, Roosevelt decided to support the Tsar's refusal to pay indemnities, a move that policymakers in Tokyo interpreted as signifying that the United States had more than a passing interest in Asian affairs. Russia recognized Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence
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The retreating Russian Manchurian Army formations disbanded as fighting units, but the Japanese failed to destroy them completely. The Japanese themselves had suffered heavy casualties and were in no condition to pursue. Although the Battle of Mukden was a major defeat for the Russians and was the
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Japan had conducted detailed studies of the Russian Far East and Manchuria prior to the war and, as it was mandatory for Japanese officers to speak one foreign language, Japan had access to superior maps during the conflict. The Japanese army relied on conscription, introduced in 1873, to maintain
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Nicholas had been prepared to compromise with Japan, but after receiving a letter from Wilhelm attacking him as a coward for his willingness to compromise with the Japanese (who, Wilhelm never ceasing reminding Nicholas, represented the "Yellow Peril") for the sake of peace, became more obstinate.
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Despite previous assurances that Russia would completely withdraw from Manchuria the forces it had sent to crush the Boxer Rebellion by 8 April 1903, that day passed with no reduction in Russian forces in that region. In Japan, university students demonstrated both against Russia and against their
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since 1894, was less than supportive of Russian expansionism in Asia, and it was believed in Berlin that German support of Russia might break up the Franco-Russian alliance and lead to a new German–Russian alliance. The French had made it clear that they disapproved of Nicholas's forward policy in
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in 1868, the Meiji government endeavoured to assimilate Western ideas, technological advances and ways of warfare. By the late 19th century, Japan had transformed itself into a modernized industrial state. The Japanese wanted to be recognized as equal with the Western powers. The Meiji Restoration
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chose 1905 to paint his "Europa Jubilans" (Europe rejoicing), which portrays an aproned maid taking her ease on a sofa against a background of Eastern artefacts. Painted following demonstrations against the war and Russian cultural suppression, and in the year of Russia's defeat, its subtly coded
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concludes that Roosevelt handled the arbitration well, doing an "excellent job of balancing Russian and Japanese power in the Orient, where the supremacy of either constituted a threat to growing America". As Japan had won every battle on land and sea and as the Japanese people did not understand
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between 7 and 10 April 1905. The fleet finally reached the Sea of Japan in May 1905. The logistics of such an undertaking in the age of coal power was astounding. The squadron required approximately 500,000 tons of coal to complete the journey, yet by international law, it was not allowed to
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Port Arthur, on the Liaodong Peninsula in the south of Manchuria, had been fortified into a major naval base by the Russian Imperial Army. Since it needed to control the sea in order to fight a war on the Asian mainland, Japan's first military objective was to neutralize the Russian fleet at Port
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Olender gives a different appraisal of Japanese strength, maintaining that there were 350,000 men of the standing army and 1st reserve, with an additional 850,000 trained men in reserve, creating a total trained force of 1,200,000 men. The breakdown of the Japanese standing army is different too,
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Since 97 – Kiaochow – we have never left Russia in any doubt that we would cover her back in Europe, in case she decided to pursue a bigger policy in the Far East that might lead to military complications (with the aim of relieving our eastern border from the fearful
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Furthermore, Wilhelm believed if a Russian–German alliance emerged, France would be compelled to join it. He also hoped that having Russia pursue an expansionist policy in Asia would distract and keep Russia out of the Balkans, thus removing the main source of tension between Russia and Germany's
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dynasty. From the 1880s onward, there had been vigorous competition for influence in Korea between China and Japan. The Korean court was prone to factionalism, and at the time was badly divided between a reformist camp that was pro-Japanese and a more conservative faction that was pro-Chinese. In
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of the Russian fleet. The Japanese engaged the Russians in the Tsushima Straits on 27–28 May 1905. The Russian fleet was virtually annihilated, losing eight battleships, numerous smaller vessels, and more than 5,000 men, while the Japanese lost three torpedo boats and 116 men. Only three Russian
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Russian Logistics were hampered by the fact that the only connection to European Russia was the Trans-Siberian Railway, which remained incomplete as at Lake Baikal the railway was not connected. A single train would take between 15 and 40 days to traverse the railway, with 40 days being the more
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sent in 1900 to quell the Boxer Rebellion and to relieve the international legations besieged in the Chinese capital, Beijing. Russia had already sent 177,000 soldiers to Manchuria, nominally to protect its railways under construction. Though the Qing imperial army and the Boxer rebels united to
1578:. The leaders of Japan did not feel that they possessed the strength to resist the combined might of Russia, Germany and France, and so gave in to the ultimatum. At the same time, the Japanese did not abandon their attempts to force Korea into the Japanese sphere of influence. On 8 October 1895,
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The British Japanologist Richard Storry wrote that the biggest misconception about Japan in the West was that the Japanese people were the "docile" instruments of the elite, when in fact much of the pressure for Japan's wars from 1894 to 1941 came from the ordinary people, who demanded a "tough"
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in Korea and Manchuria. Seeing Russia as a rival, Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of the Korean Empire as being within the Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused and demanded the establishment of a neutral buffer zone between Russia and
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As war between Russia and Japan drew nearer in the winter of 1903–4, London and Paris intensified their efforts to come to an understanding, both governments being anxious to avoid being dragged into the coming conflict between their respective allies. When the French premier, Maurice Rouvier,
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or even more ambitious formats. However, captioning swiftly moved from the calligraphic side inscription to a printed title below, and not just in Japanese but in English and other European languages. There was a lively sense that these images served not only as mementoes but also as propaganda
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and other reproducible forms. Propaganda images were circulated by both sides, often in the form of postcards and based on insulting racial stereotypes. These were produced not only by the combatants but by those from European countries who supported one or the other side or had a commercial or
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The Russo-Japanese War now gives to all an awareness that even war and peace in Europe – its destiny – is not decided between the four walls of the European concert, but outside it, in the gigantic maelstrom of world and colonial politics. And it's in this that the real meaning of the
3558:
interpreted the challenge in racial as well as cultural terms, arguing that "the absolute necessity of a radical sexual reform for the continued existence of the western races of men has ... been raised from the level of discussion to the level of a scientifically proven fact". To stop the
3500:
The Russo-Japanese War introduced a number of characteristics that came to define 20th-century politics and warfare. Many of the innovations brought by the Industrial Revolution, such as rapid-firing artillery and machine guns, as well as more accurate rifles, were first tested on a mass scale.
3017:
The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well
2815:
and burned some Chinese villages, raped women and often killed those who resisted or did not understand what they wanted. The Russian justification for all this was that Chinese civilians, being Asian, must have been helping their fellow Asians (the Japanese) inflict defeat on the Russians, and
2663:
and China often intercepted and read wireless and telegraph cable traffic relating to the war, which was shared with the Japanese. In their turn, the Japanese shared information about Russia with the British with one British official writing of the "perfect quality" of Japanese intelligence. In
2040:
There is no consensus over how many Russian troops were present in the Far East around the time of the commencement of the war. One estimate states that the Russian army possessed 60,000 infantry 3,000 cavalry and 164 guns mostly at Vladivostok and Port Arthur with a portion at Harbin. This was
3829:
serving with the Imperial Japanese Army in Manchuria. As one of the several military attachés from Western countries, he was the first to arrive in Japan after the start of the war. He therefore would be recognized as the dean of multi-national attachés and observers in this conflict, although
3675:
The Japanese were on the offensive for most of the war and used massed infantry assaults against defensive positions, which would later become the standard of all European armies during World War I. The battles of the Russo-Japanese War, in which machine guns and artillery took a heavy toll on
2027:
Immediately available to Japan on the declaration of war were 257,000 infantry, 11,000 cavalry and 894 pieces of artillery. These figures were divided between the Imperial Guards division, 12 regular divisions, 2 cavalry brigades, 2 artillery brigades, 13 reserve brigades, depot troops and the
4426:
with a note counselling future vigilance. The scenario there is an attack by German and Japanese allies which the US and British navies victoriously fend off. In Germany itself an air attack on the American fleet is described by Ferdinand Heinrich Grautoff (1871–1935), writing under the name
4948:... imperial Japan was at the forefront of hegemonic wars in a quest to extend the Japanese hegemony over Korea to the entire Asia-Pacific region – the Sino–Japanese War of 1894–95 to gain dominance in Korea, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–5 for mastery over Manchuria and Korea ...
3667:
Japan became the sixth-most powerful naval force by combined tonnage, while the Russian Navy declined to one barely stronger than that of Austria–Hungary. The actual costs of the war were large enough to affect the Russian economy and, despite grain exports, the nation developed an external
3466:
to suppress the riots on September 6 (one day after the signing in Portsmouth). Martial law was lifted on November 29 after more than 2,000 people were arrested, but the Cabinet resigned on December 22 after ratifying the treaty on October 10, as if taking the responsibility for a lost war.
8468:
1475:, which left Korea more strongly in the Chinese sphere of influence, though it did give the Japanese the right to intervene in Korea. All through the 1880s and early 1890s, the government in Tokyo was regularly criticized for not being aggressive enough in Korea, leading Japanese historian
1328:
remained convinced that Russia could still win if it fought on; he chose to remain engaged in the war and await the outcomes of key naval battles. As hope of victory dissipated, he continued the war to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a "humiliating peace". Russia ignored Japan's
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from a naval mine on 13 April 1904. Although the actual Battle of Port Arthur was indecisive, the initial attacks had a devastating psychological effect on Russia, which had been confident about the prospect of war. The Japanese had seized the initiative while the Russians waited in port.
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Reciprocal engagement that in case it is found necessary to send troops by Japan to Korea, or by Russia to Manchuria, for the purpose either of protecting the interests mentioned in article II of this agreement, or of suppressing insurrection or disorder calculated to create international
3878:
Japan's pre-war gold reserves were a modest £11.7 million; a major portion of the total cost of the war was covered by money borrowed from the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. During his canvassing expedition in London, the Japanese vice-governor of the Bank of Japan
2048:
An alternative figure for forces in the Far East is given at over 150,000 men and 266 guns, with Vladivostok and Port Arthur containing a combined force of 45,000 men and with an additional 55,000 engaged in guarding lines of communication, leaving only 50,000 troops to take the field.
2634:, commander of the Port Arthur garrison, believed that the purpose of defending the city was lost after the fleet had been destroyed. In general, the Russian defenders were suffering disproportionate casualties each time the Japanese attacked. In particular, several large underground
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in Seoul, believing that his life was in danger from Japanese agents, and Russian influence in Korea started to predominate. In the aftermath of the flight of the King, a popular uprising overthrew the pro-Japanese government and several cabinet ministers were lynched in the streets.
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particular, British and Japanese intelligence gathered much evidence that Germany was supporting Russia in the war as part of a bid to disturb the balance of power in Europe, which led to British officials increasingly perceiving Germany as a threat to the international order.
2602:
The siege of Port Arthur commenced in April 1904. Japanese troops tried numerous frontal assaults on the fortified hilltops overlooking the harbour, which were defeated with Japanese casualties in the thousands. With the aid of several batteries of 11-inch (280 mm)
3245:), with scant protest from other powers. From 1910 until the end of its occupation of Korea in 1945, the Japanese adopted a strategy of using the Korean Peninsula as a gateway to the Asian continent and making Korea's economy subordinate to Japanese economic interests.
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s helm jammed and their admiral killed in action, she turned from her battle line, causing confusion among her fleet. However, Tōgō was determined to sink the Russian flagship and continued pounding her, and it was saved only by the gallant charge of the American-built
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by a pro-Japanese reformist faction, which led to the conservative government calling upon China for help, leading to a clash between Chinese and Japanese soldiers in Seoul. At the time, Tokyo did not feel ready to risk a war with China, and the crisis was ended by the
6534:
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Although the war had ended in a victory for Japan, Japanese public opinion was shocked by the very restrained peace terms which were negotiated at the war's end. Widespread discontent spread through the populace upon the announcement of the treaty terms, causing the
1837:(from 1897) meant to challenge Britain's position as the world's leading power. Since Britain was allied to Japan, if Germany could manipulate Russia and Japan into going to war with each other, this in turn would allegedly lead to Russia turning towards Germany.
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By the end of May, the Second Pacific Squadron was on the last leg of its journey to Vladivostok, taking the shorter, riskier route between Korea and Japan, and travelling at night to avoid discovery. Unfortunately for the Russians, while in compliance with the
1853:, the Japanese minister in Saint Petersburg, was instructed to present his country's view opposing Russia's consolidation plans in Manchuria. On 3 August 1903 the Japanese minister handed in the following document to serve as the basis for further negotiations:
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common figure. A single battalion would take a month to transport from Moscow to Shenyang. After the line's eventual completion, 20 trains ran daily and by the conclusion of the war some 410,000 soldiers, 93,000 horses and 1,000 guns had been carried down it.
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Recognition of the right of Japan to send for the same purpose troops to Korea, with the knowledge of Russia, but their number not to exceed that actually required, and with the engagement on the part of Japan to recall such troops as soon as their mission is
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and marked Russia's inability to match Japan's military prowess. Japanese troops proceeded to land at several points on the Manchurian coast, and in a series of engagements, drove the Russians back towards Port Arthur. The subsequent battles, including the
3592:, then only an aspiring politician in British India, "Japan's victory lessened the feeling of inferiority from which most of us suffered. A great European power had been defeated, thus Asia could still defeat Europe as it had done in the past." And in the
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or Korean issues. Instead, Russia's goal was buying time – via diplomacy – to further build up militarily. In December 1903, Wilhelm wrote in a marginal note on a diplomatic dispatch about his role in inflaming Russo-Japanese
2991:, between 25 and 29 January, attacked the Japanese left flank near the town of Sandepu, almost breaking through. This caught the Japanese by surprise. However, without support from other Russian units the attack stalled, Gripenberg was ordered to halt by
4669:(2018), an anime adaptation of the manga of the same name. The story takes place just after the Russo-Japanese War, and features many flashbacks and references to it. Several of its principal characters are veteran Japanese army men who fought in the
1962:
Russia had defeated Japan, this would be a deadly blow to British diplomacy, and that the two emperors, the self-proclaimed "Admiral of the Atlantic" and the "Admiral of the Pacific", would rule Eurasia together, making them able to challenge British
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Tsar Nicholas II was stunned by news of the attack. He could not believe that Japan would commit an act of war without a formal declaration, and had been assured by his ministers that the Japanese would not fight. When the attack came, according to
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by sea. In Danzig 01 and Reval 02, the same assurance was given again, with result that entire Russian divisions from Poland and European Russia were and are being sent to the Far East. This would not had happened if our governments had not been in
4523:, published serially in several volumes between 1968 and 1972, and translated in English in 2013. The closely researched story spans the decade from the Sino-Japanese War to the Russo-Japanese War and went on to become the nation's favourite book.
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of 1870–71. Most army commanders had previously envisioned using these weapon systems to dominate the battlefield on an operational and tactical level but, as events played out, the technological advances forever altered the conditions of war too.
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calling for an elected parliament also favouring an ultra-nationalist line that took it for granted the Japanese had the "right" to annex Korea, as the "people's rights" movement was led by those who favoured invading Korea in the years 1869–1873.
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Engagement on the part of Russia not to impede the commercial and industrial undertakings of Japan in Korea, nor to oppose any measures taken for the purpose of protecting them so long as such measures do not infringe the stipulations of article
1845:. During the war, Nicholas, who took at face value Wilhelm's "Yellow Peril" speeches, placed much hope in German intervention on his side. More than once Nicholas chose to continue the war out of the belief that the Kaiser would come to his aid.
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In contrast to the Japanese strategy of rapidly gaining ground to control Manchuria, Russian strategy focused on fighting delaying actions to gain time for reinforcements to arrive via the long Trans-Siberian Railway, which was incomplete near
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dispute. On 13 January 1904, Japan proposed a formula by which Manchuria would remain outside Japan's sphere of influence and, reciprocally, Korea outside Russia's. On 21 December 1903, the Katsura cabinet voted to go to war against Russia.
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and a decline in the Russian Empire's prestige and influence in Europe. Russia's incurrence of substantial casualties and losses for a cause that resulted in humiliating defeat contributed to growing domestic unrest, which culminated in the
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Recognition by Russia of Japan's preponderating interests in Korea and of the right of Japan to give advice and assistance to Korea tending to improve the civil administration of the empire without infringing the stipulations of article
3746:
in 1805. It is still on display at Kyouiku Sankoukan, a public museum maintained by the Japan Self-Defence Force. Nevertheless, there was a consequent shift in British strategic thinking, resulting in enlargement of its naval docks at
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the war on Japan's side. Russia could no longer count on receiving help from either Germany or France without the danger of British involvement in the war. With such an alliance, Japan felt free to commence hostilities if necessary.
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written in 1834, the authorities quickly realised its true target and immediately banned it from performance. The opera was premiered in 1909, after Rimsky-Korsakov's death, and even then with modifications required by the censors.
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3818:, it is now apparent that the high casualty counts, and the tactical lessons readily available to observer nations, were completely disregarded in preparations for war in Europe, and during much of the course of World War I.
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to engage in guerrilla warfare by attacking Russian supply columns. Only once did the honghuzi attack Japanese forces, and that attack was apparently motivated by the honghuzi mistaking the Japanese forces for a Russian one.
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kept a verse diary which tackled such themes as racism, strategic mistakes, and the ambiguities of victory, which has gained appreciation with historical hindsight. In the present day there is also a growing appreciation of
1827:, as Wilhelm believed that any Russian entanglement with Japan would break up the Franco-Russian alliance and lead to Nicholas signing an alliance with Germany. This was especially the case as Germany had embarked upon the "
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from 1906 must have been dependent on newspaper reports since he was not present. Then, in 1914 at the outset of World War I, Yury Repin made an episode during the Battle of Yalu River the subject of a broad heroic canvas.
3118:. Wireless communication was used to inform Togo's headquarters, where the Combined Fleet was immediately ordered to sortie. Still receiving reports from scouting forces, the Japanese were able to position their fleet to
1787:
the realisation of the yellow peril, which I described a few years ago and I was ridiculed by the majority of people for my graphic depiction of it ... Your devoted friend and cousin, Willy, Admiral of the Atlantic.
1738:
started to negotiate with the Russians. He regarded Japan as too weak to evict the Russians militarily, so he proposed giving Russia control over Manchuria in exchange for Japanese control of northern Korea. Of the five
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in immediate danger of being absorbed by the Western powers. It also encouraged the Chinese who, despite having been at war with the Japanese only a decade before, still considered Westerners the greater threat. As
3562:
Certainly the Japanese success increased self-confidence among anti-colonial nationalists in colonised Asian countries – Vietnamese, Indonesians, Indians and Filipinos – and to those in declining countries like the
6012:
4446:
served in the Baltic Fleet and wrote about the conflict on his return, but his early work was suppressed. It was not until the changed political climate under Soviet rule that he began writing his historical epic
1903:
Mutual engagement not to use any part of the territory of Korea for strategical purposes nor to undertake on the coasts of Korea any military works capable of menacing the freedom of navigation in the Straits of
1857:
Mutual engagement to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Chinese and Korean empires and to maintain the principle of equal opportunity for the commerce and industry of all nations in those
3711:, grew and added to growing Japanese hostility towards the West, and fuelled Japan's military and imperial ambitions. Furthermore, Japan's substantiated interests in Korea and Liaodong led to the creation of a
4461:. It describes the heroism of Russian sailors and certain officers whose defeat, in accordance with the new Soviet thinking, was due to the criminal negligence of the Imperial Naval command. A German novel by
2072:
across a wide front in closed formations; it was not uncommon for Russian higher command to bypass their intermediate commanders and issue orders directly to battalions, thus creating confusion during combat.
1800:(in office: May to December 1887) publicly declaring that the Franco-Russian alliance applied only in Europe, not to Asia, and that France would remain neutral if Japan attacked Russia. The American president
3723:; the Kwantung Army eventually came to be heavily involved in the state's politics and administration, leading to a series of localized conflicts with Chinese regional warlords that finally extended into the
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would implicitly allow foreign businesses into the resource-rich region of Manchuria) vs. Russia the "uncivilized" power (that was protectionist and wanted to keep the riches of Manchuria all to itself).
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became the consensus within Japan that their nation had been treated as the defeated power during the peace conference. As time went on, this feeling, coupled with the sense of "arrogance" at becoming a
3455:, mediated by the U.S., was received by the general Japanese population with disbelief on September 5 and 6 when all the major newspapers reported the content of the signed treaty in lengthy editorials.
3408:. Russia had mobilized thousands of Polish reservists during the war with Japan, contributing to unrest. Contemporary reports found that some Poles preferred death over fighting the Japanese for Russia.
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4140:
On either side, there were lyrics lamenting the necessity of fighting in a foreign land, far from home. One of the earliest of several Russian songs still performed today was the waltz "Amur's Waves" (
1629:, the "Moscow of the Orient". From 1897 onwards, Manchuria – while still nominally part of the "Great Qing Empire" – started to resemble more and more a Russian province.
3542:
power. Rather more than the possibilities of diplomatic partnership were emerging, however. The US and Australian reaction to the changed balance of power brought by the war was mixed with fears of a
8220:
2786:. After a false start caused by engine problems and other mishaps, the squadron finally departed on 15 October 1904, and sailed halfway around the world from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific via the
3684:, had a tremendous impact on the development of the Japanese military training, tactics, strategy, and organization. His reforms were credited with Japan's overwhelming victory over China in the
2611:
of the Russian fleet in the Pacific were sunk. This is probably the only example in military history when such a scale of devastation was achieved by land-based artillery against major warships.
4347:
adventure stories, they offer few insights into the conflict, being generally based on news articles and sharing without any reflection in the contemporary culture of imperialism. Among these,
3356:
cartoon, 1905; A cartoon in the British press of the times illustrating the Russian Empire's loss of prestige after the nation's defeat. The hour-glass represents Russia's prestige running out.
1907:
Mutual engagement to consider that part of the territory of Korea lying to the north of the 39th parallel as a neutral zone into which neither of the contracting parties shall introduce troops.
4476:
Later there appeared a first-hand account of the siege of Port Arthur by Alexander Stepanov (1892–1965). He had been present there as the 12-year-old son of a battery commander and his novel,
1873:
Recognition on the part of Russia of the exclusive right of Japan to give advice and assistance in the interest of reform and good government in Korea, including necessary military assistance.
1823:(in office: 1900–1909) had much interest in East Asia, and Wilhelm's letters to Nicholas praising him as Europe's saviour against the "Yellow Peril" were really meant to provoke change in the
3895:
and sympathetic to Japan's cause, extended a critical series of loans to the Empire of Japan, in the amount of 200 million US dollars (£41.2 million). He also raised loans from the
1966:
as the resources of Eurasia would make their empires immune to a British blockade, and thus allowing Germany and Russia to "divide up the best" of the British colonies in Asia between them.
8032:
4119:, Admiral Makarov's flagship, when it was sunk by mines. However, his last work, a picture of a council of war presided over by the admiral, was recovered almost undamaged. Another artist,
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1349:. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised international observers and transformed the balance of power in both East Asia and Europe, resulting in Japan's emergence as a
3389:, which included only limited reforms such as the Duma and failed to address the societal problems of Russia at the time. Twelve years later, that discontent would boil over into the
1429:
Furthermore, the educational system of Meiji Japan was meant to train the schoolboys to be soldiers when they grew up, and as such, Japanese schools indoctrinated their students into
8061:
1922:(in office 1901–1906), decided if war did come, that Japan was more likely to have the support of the United States and Great Britain if the war could be presented as a struggle for
10250:
7576:
4480:(1944), is based on his own diaries and his father's notes. The work is considered one of the best historical novels of the Soviet period. A later novel in which the war appears is
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and the battle was inconclusive. The Japanese knew that they needed to destroy the Russian army in Manchuria before Russian reinforcements arrived via the Trans-Siberian railroad.
1422:" were common from the 1880s onward and many ordinary Japanese resented the heavy taxes imposed by the government to modernize Japan, demanding something tangible like an overseas
4095:
for sale in markets, recording the war for the domestic audience. Around 300 were made before their creation was banned by the Russian government. Their Japanese equivalents were
4123:, first came to notice for his reports during the war and the paintings worked up from his diary sketch-books. Other depictions appeared after the event. The two by the Georgian
11417:
1637:
In December 1897, a Russian fleet appeared off Port Arthur. After three months, in 1898, China and Russia negotiated a convention by which China leased (to Russia) Port Arthur,
1305:. The Imperial Japanese Government perceived this as obstructing their plans for expansion into mainland Asia and chose to go to war. After negotiations broke down in 1904, the
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vessels escaped to Vladivostok, while six others were interned in neutral ports. After the Battle of Tsushima, a combined Japanese Army and Navy operation commanded by Admiral
8741:
5917:
Conflict: Causes of the War, Korean Campaign, Naval Operations, Battle of the Yalu, ... Battle of the Japan Sea, Peace Treaty (p. 1). Madison & Adams Press. Kindle Edition
4488:(1981). Centred on the life of Vladimir Kokovtsov, who rose through the ranks to admiral of the Russian fleet, it covers the period from the Russo-Japanese War through to the
4310:(1904), although in this case it is a French super-submarine which its developer sells to the Russians for use against the Japanese in another tale of international intrigue.
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4587:) depicts the naval battles of the war, the attacks on the Port Arthur highlands, and the subterfuge and diplomacy of Japanese agents in Sweden. Admiral Togo is portrayed by
4246:
1918:
The war might not have broken out had not the issues of Korea and Manchuria become linked. The Korean and Manchurian issues had become linked as the Prime Minister of Japan,
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into the Yellow Sea in the early morning of 10 August 1904. Waiting for him was Admiral Tōgō and his fleet of four battleships, 10 cruisers, and 18 torpedo boat destroyers.
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3518:, becoming prominent after the war. The consequent identification of common problems and challenges began the slow process that came to dominate much of the 20th century.
3404:, the population was so restless that an army of 250,000–300,000 – larger than the one facing the Japanese – had to be stationed to put down
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as well as on testimonies of fellow sailors and government archives. The first part was published in 1932, the second in 1935, and the whole novel was later awarded the
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Dickinson, Edward Ross (May 2002). "Sex, Masculinity, and the 'Yellow Peril': Christian von Ehrenfels' Program for a Revision of the European Sexual Order, 1902–1910".
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in 1909. It is set in 1912 and told from the standpoint of 1922, following a military invasion of Australia's Northern Territory and colonisation by Japanese settlers.
1997:
Potential diplomatic resolution of territorial concerns between Japan and Russia failed; historians have argued that this directly resulted from the actions of Emperor
1554:
to send in troops to stabilize the country. The Empire of Japan responded by sending their own force to Korea to crush the Tonghak and installed a puppet government in
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to believe that Russia's military weaknesses in the Far East (like the uncompleted Trans-Siberian railroad line) did not matter – they assumed that the
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Wilhelm had written to Nicholas stating that the question of Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea was beside the point, saying instead it was a matter of Russia:
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of Russia not to impede the eventual extension of the Korean railway into southern Manchuria so as to connect with the East China and Shan-hai-kwan–Newchwang lines.
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4431:. Published in Berlin in 1908, it was translated into English the following year. An Australian author using the pseudonym Charles H. Kirmess first serialised his
2041:
reinforced by the middle of February to 95,000 with 45,000 at Vladivostok, 8,000 at Harbin, 9,000 at Haicheng, 11,000 on the Yalu River and 22,000 at Port Arthur.
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commented, "We regarded that Russian defeat by Japan as the defeat of the West by the East. We regarded the Japanese victory as our own victory". Even in far-off
1870:
complications, the troops so sent are in no case to exceed the actual number required and are to be forthwith recalled as soon as their missions are accomplished.
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Russian–Japanese negotiations then followed, although by early January 1904 the Japanese government had realised that Russia was not interested in settling the
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deficit. The cost of military re-equipment and re-expansion after 1905 pushed the economy further into deficit, although the size of the deficit was obscured.
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between Korea and Japan. However, this was also the most dangerous route as it passed between the Japanese home islands and the Japanese naval bases in Korea.
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3864:, Russia's pre-war financial situation was not enviable. The country had large budget deficits year after year, and was largely dependent on borrowed money.
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3066:, that had been reluctantly allowed by neutral France in order not to jeopardize its relations with its Russian ally, the Russian Baltic fleet proceeded to
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sent envoys to Japanese generals several times to deliver foodstuffs and alcoholic drinks. Native Manchurians joined the war on both sides as hired troops.
2377:. The gesture was symbolic and no soldiers from the army were ever deployed in the far East but a few Montenegrins volunteered and joined the Russian army.
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himself entered the poetic lists, writing in answer to all the lamentations about death in a foreign land that the patriotic soul returns to the homeland.
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Military and civilian observers from every major power closely followed the course of the war. Most were able to report on events from the perspective of
3248:
Russia also signed over its 25-year leasehold rights to Port Arthur, including the naval base and the peninsula around it, and ceded the southern half of
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Chapman, John W. M. (2004). "Russia, Germany and the Anglo-Japanese Intelligence Collaboration, 1896–1906". In Erickson, Mark; Erickson, Ljubica (eds.).
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3268:– as the anti-American riots were euphemistically described – erupted in Tokyo and lasted for three days, forcing the government to declare martial law.
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annexed Korea as part of its colonial empire. Two decades after that, the Kwantung Army staged an incident that led to the invasion of Manchuria in the
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had been intended to make Japan a modernized state, not a Westernized one, and Japan was an imperialist power, looking towards overseas expansionism.
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3415:) sent emissaries to Japan to collaborate on sabotage and intelligence gathering within the Russian Empire and even plan a Japanese-aided uprising.
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4159:, a decorated military musician whose regiment suffered badly in the Battle of Mukden. Originally only the music was published, and the words by
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declared that his country's alliance with Russia did not extend to East Asia but only to Europe, Wilhelm greeted this announcement jubilantly .
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of Korea, the leader of the anti-Japanese and pro-Chinese faction at the Korean court was murdered by Japanese agents within the halls of the
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The Russians quickly learned, and soon employed, the Japanese tactic of offensive minelaying. On 15 May 1904, two Japanese battleships, the
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on 8 February 1904. However, three hours before Japan's declaration of war was received by the Russian government, and without warning, the
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Won-soo, Kim. "Trends in the Study of the Russo-Japanese War in Korea and Future Tasks-Third-party perspective on the origins of the war."
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Donald P. Wright, "'Clouds Gathering on the Horizon': The Russian Army and the Preparation of the Imperial Population for War, 1906–1914",
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The implicit promise of German support suggested by Wilhelm's "Yellow Peril" speeches and letters to Nicholas led many decision-makers in
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and built hospitals. After Emperor Meiji died in 1912, Maresuke and his wife committed suicide, 7 years after the siege of Port Arthur.
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dying of disease and around 75,000 captured. The total number of dead for both sides is generally stated as around 130,000 to 170,000.
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5353:. Translated by de Bellaigue, Sheila; Bridge, Roy (reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press (published 2014). pp. 252–253.
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European treatments were similarly varied. Jane H. Oakley attempted an epic treatment of the conflict in 86 cantos. The French poet
4208:'s "Outside the Goldland Fortress" was learned by generations of schoolchildren and valued for its bleak stoicism. The army surgeon
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3373:'s ally; its loss of prestige emboldened Germany in planning for war with France and supporting Austria-Hungary's war with Serbia.
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Hall, Richard C. "The Next War: The Influence of the Russo-Japanese War on Southeastern Europe and the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913."
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in Britain. Japan's total war expenditure was 2,150 million yen, of which 38%, or 820 million yen, was raised overseas.
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in taking a more active and leading role in Asian affairs, which in turn had led to widespread nationalism throughout the region.
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1681:, "I do not want to seize Korea but under no circumstances can I allow Japan to become firmly established there. That will be a
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3327:, who led the Japanese army during the siege, felt so guilty about the loss of many Japanese soldiers that he wanted to commit
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participation in the war against Japan, leaving the two countries still technically belligerents until 2006, when the Japanese
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the previous year. The two sides camped opposite each other along 60 to 70 miles (110 km) of front lines south of Mukden.
2890:
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3613:, set in Dublin in 1904, contains hopeful Irish allusions as to the outcome of the war. And in partitioned Poland the artist
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Negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth (1905). From left to right: the Russians at far side of table are Korostovetz, Nabokov,
2466:
in Korea. From Incheon the Japanese occupied Hanseong and then the rest of Korea. After the Japanese occupation of Hanseong,
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rivers, causing the Japanese much anxiety. Japan decided to attack before the Russians completed the Trans-Siberian Railway.
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1990:
By 4 February 1904, no formal reply had been received from Saint Petersburg. On 6 February the Japanese minister to Russia,
1574:, which ceded the Liaodong Peninsula and the island of Taiwan to Japan. After the peace treaty, Russia, Germany, and France
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The tactics utilised by the Russians were as outdated as their doctrine. The Russian infantry were holding to the maxim of
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in 1890 (with limited powers and an equally limited franchise) and by pursuing an aggressive foreign policy towards Korea.
17:
9728:
Correspondence Regarding the Negotiations between Japan and Russia (1903–1904), Presented to the Imperial Diet, March 1904
3727:
in 1937. As a result, most Chinese historians consider the Russo-Japanese War as a key development in Japan's spiral into
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showing Tsar Nicholas II waking from a nightmare of the battered and wounded Russian forces returning from battle. Artist
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13785:
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13703:
12587:
12282:
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11152:
10649:
9951:
Podalko, Petr E. "'Weak ally'or 'strong enemy?': Japan in the eyes of Russian diplomats and military agents, 1900–1907."
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Correspondence regarding the negotiations between Japan and Russia (1903–1904) Presented to the Imperial diet. March 1904
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in the port. Russia's acquisition of Port Arthur was primarily an anti-British move to counter the British occupation of
1037:
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Island to Japan. Sakhalin would be taken back by the Soviet Union following the defeat of the Japanese in World War II.
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had taken command of the First Russian Pacific Squadron with the intention of breaking out of the Port Arthur blockade.
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foreign policy, and tended to engage in riots and assassination when foreign policy was perceived to be pusillanimous.
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in 1908 and sentenced to death on account of an incompetent defense and for disobeying orders. He was later pardoned.
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Gerbig-Fabel, Marco. "Photographic artefacts of war 1904–1905: the Russo-Japanese war as transnational media event."
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Though most English-language fiction of the period took the Japanese side, the Rev. W. W. Walker's Canadian novella,
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3462:, which remained in power for the longest period (1,681 days) in the history of Japanese democracy to date, declared
3381:
The defeat of 1905 led in the short term to Russian military reforms that allowed it to face Germany in World War I.
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newspaper, citing concerns about the possibility of the British giving away Russian positions to the Japanese fleet.
1558:. China objected and war ensued. Hostilities proved brief, with Japanese ground troops routing Chinese forces on the
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Tsarist Russia, as a major imperial power, had ambitions in the East. By the 1890s it had extended its realm across
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7902:"Schiff, Jacob Henry". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1928–1936. pp. 430–432.
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great strategic value. A year later, to consolidate their position, the Russians began to build a new railway from
1439:, the Meiji elite found themselves faced with a people who clamored for war, and regarded diplomacy as a weakness.
1055:
929:
7801:
Sherman, A.J. (January 1983). "German-Jewish Bankers in World Politics, The Financing of the Russo-Japanese War".
4375:(1906). Two other English-language stories begin with the action at Port Arthur and follow the events thereafter:
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Military operations on both sea and land showed that modern warfare had undergone a considerable change since the
12433:
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12178:
12119:
11478:
11027:
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Lyman, Stanford M. (Summer 2000). "The "Yellow Peril" Mystique: Origins and Vicissitudes of a Racist Discourse".
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The Russo-Japanese War was covered by dozens of foreign journalists who sent back sketches that were turned into
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2626:
in late August, the northern Russian force that might have been able to relieve Port Arthur retreated to Mukden (
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in 1900. Left to right: Britain, United States, Australia, India, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Japan.
1567:
1537:, from 1894 to 1895. The war revolved around the issue of control and influence over Korea under the rule of the
1509:
to the port of Vladivostok, Russia hoped to further consolidate its influence and presence in the region. In the
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decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians suffered an estimated 90,000 casualties in the battle.
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by Willis Boyd Allen (1855–1938). Two more also involve young men fighting in the Japanese navy: Americans in
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message looks forward to a time when the Tsarist masters will be defeated in Europe as they had been in Asia.
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Both sides accepted the offer of United States President Theodore Roosevelt to mediate. Meetings were held in
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At approximately 12:15, the battleship fleets obtained visual contact with each other, and at 13:00 with Tōgō
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to block the harbour entrance during the night of 3–4 May also failed. In March, the charismatic Vice Admiral
2470:
sent a detachment of 17,000 soldiers to support Russia. By the end of April, the Japanese Imperial Army under
1884:, presented to the Japanese government the Russian counter proposal as the basis of negotiations, as follows:
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colonial stake in the area. War photographs were also popular, appearing in both the press and in book form.
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The Russians also began to make inroads into Korea. A large point of Russia's growing influence in Korea was
1342:
1314:
806:
69:
7017:"Major Fukushima Yasumasa and his Influence on the Japanese Perception of Poland at the Turn of the Century"
6322:
3715:, which became an autonomous and increasingly powerful regional force. Only five years after the war, Japan
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for such losses. This also left its impression on society at large, with the emergence of transnational and
1459:, they did seek to appropriate some of the demands of the "people's rights" movement by allowing an elected
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performed by the Red Army Choir under the direction of Gennady Sachenyuk (in Russian with English subtext).
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2561:, were lured into a recently laid Russian minefield off Port Arthur, each striking at least two mines. The
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on 25 May 1904, were marked by heavy Japanese losses largely from attacking entrenched Russian positions.
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palace, an act that backfired badly as it turned Korean public opinion against Japan. In early 1896, King
1435:("way of the warrior"), the fierce code of the samurai. Having indoctrinated the younger generations into
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3109:, the two trailing hospital ships had continued to burn their lights, which were spotted by the Japanese
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became the first major land battle of the war; Japanese troops stormed a Russian position led by General
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1819:
would come to Russia's assistance if war should come. In fact, neither Wilhelm nor his Chancellor Prince
326:
86:
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7768:. The Suntory Centre – Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines –
7543:
Crowley, David (January 2008). "Seeing Japan, Imagining Poland: Polish art and the Russo-Japanese war".
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by Harry Collingwood, the pen-name of William Joseph Cosens Lancaster (1851–1922), whose speciality was
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I saw the silent trains the black trains returning from the Far East and passing like phantoms ...
3742:
hair to the Imperial Japanese Navy, judging its performance then as on a par with Britain's victory at
3443:
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3265:
3044:
1772:
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Korean National Identity under Japanese Colonial Rule: Yi Gwangsu and the March First Movement of 1919
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Japanese general, Kuroki, and his staff, including foreign officers and war correspondents after the
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taxation by the government to finance the war. Without them, they were at a loss. The outcome of the
3234:
3218:
3095:
3026:
most decisive land battle ever fought by the Japanese, the final victory still depended on the navy.
2969:. With the onset of the severe Manchurian winter, there had been no major land engagements since the
2513:
2443:, the heaviest battleships in Russia's Far Eastern theatre, and the 6,600 ton protected cruiser
1910:
Recognition by Japan of Manchuria and its littoral as in all respects outside her sphere of interest.
1824:
1501:, absorbing local states in the process. The Russian Empire stretched from Poland in the west to the
159:
11092:
10382:
10109:
van der Oye, David Schimmelpenninck. "Rewriting the Russo-Japanese War: A Centenary Retrospective."
9823:
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3867:
Russia's war effort was funded primarily by France, in a series of loans totalling 800 million
3521:
It has also been argued that the conflict had characteristics of what was later to be described as "
1379:
during the Russo-Japanese War. It follows the design used for a similar map first published in 1877.
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13094:
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12695:
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12114:
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11132:
11074:
11022:
10644:
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8956:
The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5
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willingness early on to agree to an armistice and rejected the idea of bringing the dispute to the
1127:
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716:
145:
10138:
4204:
Some Japanese poetry dealing with the war has remained popular more than a century later. General
3660:, since Turkey and Britain would not waive the relevant clauses. The Berlin treaty superseded the
1991:
1542:
1884, a pro-Japanese coup attempt was put down by Chinese troops, and a "residency" under General
1007:
936:
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9891:
Russian Imperialism and Naval Power: Military Strategy and the Build-Up to the Russo-Japanese War
9549:
8237:
7994:
4182:
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Even before the war, British and Japanese intelligence had co-operated against Russia due to the
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6983:"TERRIBLE SCENES IN POLAND.; Men Ordered to the War Kill Their Children -- Wives Commit Suicide"
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was later to represent himself as on a Russian train on its way to Manchuria at the time in his
3868:
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saw the victory as a challenge to western supremacy. This was reflected in Austria, where Baron
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2911:
2424:
510:
13780:
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13185:
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12885:
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11654:
11122:
10884:
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10706:
10555:
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9051:
The uses of 'friendship': The 'personal regime' of Wilhelm II and Theodore Roosevelt, 1901–1909
7664:
6702:
6696:
4677:
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4343:
Various aspects of the war were also common in contemporary children's fiction. Categorised as
4167:
3926:
3839:
3110:
2428:
2337:
2333:
1876:
This agreement to supplant all previous arrangements between Japan and Russia respecting Korea.
1602:
1598:
1506:
1472:
1310:
1306:
1043:
995:
703:
82:
11911:
10180:
10177:, Database of Russian Army Jewish soldiers injured, killed, or missing in action from the war.
6890:
6799:
6203:
2965:, the Japanese 3rd Army could continue northward to reinforce positions south of Russian-held
2591:
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favoured the Japanese position and even offered military aid, but Japan declined it. However,
13698:
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9432:
Cox, Gary P. (January 2006). "The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero".
8544:
7263:
Heale, M.J. (April 2009). "Anatomy of a Scare: Yellow Peril Politics in America, 1980–1993".
6192:, Oxford University Press, (1918), p. 43 (Title II – On Good Offices and Mediation) Article 2
4870:
4701:), a joint Japan-Russia co-production, which was based on the true story of a prison camp in
4443:
4294:
Fictional coverage of the war in English began even before it was over. An early example was
3965:
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3915:
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3459:
3272:
2450:
2406:
2370:
1913:
This agreement to supplant all previous agreements between Russia and Japan respecting Korea.
1888:
Mutual engagement to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Korean Empire.
1722:
1714:
1674:
1571:
1460:
1325:
1296:
in 1895, Japan had feared Russian encroachment would interfere with its plans to establish a
1133:
1115:
771:
766:
708:
698:
239:
10256:
7656:
7592:
7428:
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Japanese "Yellow Peril" would require drastic changes to society and sexuality in the West.
1820:
1709:
817:
13039:
12958:
12953:
12673:
11986:
11659:
11556:
11526:
11039:
10863:
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10365:
8771:
6780:
4670:
4650:
4637:
4012:
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3689:
3412:
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3320:
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3203:
3152:
2795:
2783:
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2577:, failed. By the end of the month, Japanese artillery were firing shells into the harbour.
1338:
1025:
1013:
781:
776:
731:
393:
61:
8801:
8263:
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4217:'s parting poem to her brother as he left for the war, which includes the critical lines:
3170:
1944:
pressure and threat of the massive Russian army!). Whereupon, Russia took Port Arthur and
8:
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12782:
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Dower, John W., Throwing off Asia III, Woodblock prints of the Russo-Japanese War, 2008,
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On 15 April 1904, the Russian government made overtures threatening to seize the British
2486:
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Russia declared war on Japan eight days later. Japan, in response, made reference to the
1579:
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1502:
1302:
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155:
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10056:(Newbury, MA, 2000), the catalogue of the show at the Sackler Gallery in Washington, DC,
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8088:
7125:
6347:
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4709:, during the war. The movie is centered around the romance between a Russian officer, a
4111:
War artists were to be found on the Russian side and even figured among the casualties.
3128:
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2778:
Meanwhile, the Russians were preparing to reinforce their Far East Fleet by sending the
2359:
without declaration of war, although the requirement to mediate disputes between states
534:
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The Battle of Tsu-shima: Between the Japanese and Russian Fleets, Fought on 27 May 1905
9523:
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7995:"State Historical Museum Opens 'The Year 1812 in the Paintings by Vasily Vereshchagin'"
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viewed from the Russian side. Three more were written by the prolific American author,
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4019:
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therefore deserved to be punished. The Russian troops were gripped by the fear of the "
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1801:
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1559:
1346:
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1239:
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786:
736:
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7833:"The Limits of Financial Power: Japanese Foreign Borrowing and the Russo-Japanese War"
6136:
5344:
4411:
4410:, either fuelled by racialist fears or generated by the international power struggle.
4144:), which evokes the melancholy of standing watch on the motherland far east frontier.
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2639:
military command, all of whom disagreed with the decision. Stessel was convicted by a
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10087:
Hamby, Joel E. "Striking the Balance: Strategy and Force in the Russo-Japanese War."
10010:
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4496:. A much later Russian genre novel uses the period of the war as background. This is
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3386:
3311:
Sources do not agree on a precise number of deaths from the war because of a lack of
3276:
3256:
2988:
2982:
2800:
2791:
2687:
2635:
2622:
Meanwhile, attempts to relieve the besieged city by land also failed, and, after the
2530:
2345:
2069:
2061:
1850:
1805:
1614:
1510:
1456:
1384:
1289:
1157:
1145:
1097:
1049:
919:
796:
756:
264:
10425:
9598:
9158:
9134:
Katō, Yōko (April 2007). "What Caused the Russo-Japanese War: Korea or Manchuria?".
7405:
4758:
3614:
2794:
in the course of a seven-month odyssey that was to attract worldwide attention. The
462:
13578:
13134:
13014:
12809:
12743:
12690:
12632:
12443:
12388:
12294:
12035:
11806:
11776:
11742:
11587:
11422:
11142:
10858:
10530:
9915:
9474:
9441:
9145:
9019:
7876:"British Assistance to the Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–5".
7810:
7766:
On the Periphery of the Russo-Japanese War Part 1 – Discussion Paper N. IS/2004/475
7552:
7321:
7278:
7229:
4706:
4400:
4040:
3990:
3872:
3589:
3551:
3547:
3352:
3075:
3071:
3004:
2955:
2682:
2064:
over a century after his death. The Russian command still used strategies from the
1812:
1756:
1533:
The first major war the Empire of Japan fought following the Meiji Restoration was
1467:
1415:
1285:
1109:
1085:
801:
721:
450:
363:
342:
314:
302:
268:
117:
65:
11397:
9349:. Translated by Sheila de Bellaigue & Roy Bridge. Cambridge University Press.
8293:
3226:
3178:
1862:
above defined, subject, however, to the provisions of article I of this agreement.
1752:
912:
289:
13729:
13498:
13478:
13453:
13408:
13307:
13277:
13257:
13247:
13114:
13109:
12777:
12637:
12617:
12463:
12210:
12062:
12030:
11704:
11684:
11442:
11147:
11064:
10984:
10457:
10296:
10199:
10168:
9983:
9960:
9830:
9706:
9570:
Before Port Arthur in a Destroyer; The Personal Diary of a Japanese Naval Officer
9463:
Steinberg, John W. (January 2008). "Was the Russo-Japanese War World War Zero?".
9408:
9383:
9344:
9308:
9287:
The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War
9193:
9102:
9043:
8832:
8745:
8472:
8270:
8224:
8211:
8191:
8118:
8097:
8076:
8065:
7580:
7464:
7435:
7412:
6740:
6726:
6557:
6256:
6172:
6076:
6049:
5622:
5348:
5198:
4919:
4710:
4303:
4275:
4241:
4120:
4026:
3798:
3764:
3720:
3699:
3649:
3609:
3493:
3447:
3366:
3260:
3182:
3135:
3101:, as well as cruisers, destroyers and other auxiliaries for a total of 38 ships.
3080:
2970:
2709:
2631:
2574:
2503:
2471:
1842:
1797:
1655:
1587:
1376:
1258:
1227:
894:
850:
791:
486:
359:
284:
212:
11059:
10229:
9878:, which was captured at Tsushima). London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. (1936).
7056:
Lerski, Jerzy J. (November 1959). "A Polish Chapter of the Russo-Japanese War".
1919:
1748:
1735:
522:
426:
13734:
13645:
13640:
13363:
13292:
13227:
13058:
12905:
12787:
12772:
12680:
12642:
12546:
12373:
12136:
12126:
11503:
11392:
11286:
11107:
11097:
10954:
10918:
10340:
10186:
10174:
10124:
9727:
9568:
9304:
7814:
4763:
4624:
4588:
4507:
4481:
4348:
4261:
And at Khilok we encountered a long convoy of soldiers who had lost their minds
4191:, completed in 1907. Although it was ostensibly based on a verse fairy tale by
4128:
3677:
3631:
3593:
3564:
3361:
3347:
3280:
3194:
3119:
3091:
2738:
2705:
2660:
2496:
2467:
2411:
1484:
people, that is, from those who are at the receiving end of oppression at home.
1318:
1223:
1139:
338:
191:
11427:
11402:
9658:
The Last Century of Sea Power: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922, Volume 1
8184:
8109:
7282:
7233:
5951:
5900:
5825:
4510:
is charged with protecting the Trans-Siberian Railway from Japanese sabotage.
3186:
2373:
also declared war on Japan in gratitude for Russia's political support of the
13759:
13739:
13614:
13599:
13528:
13468:
13383:
13208:
13051:
13046:
12717:
12627:
12506:
12343:
11981:
10913:
10634:
10624:
10452:
10417:
9486:
9008:
Esthus, Raymond A. (October 1981). "Nicholas II and the Russo-Japanese War".
6994:
6034:
5541:
4889:"Mid-Range Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century – Russo-Japanese War"
4731:
4642:
4234:
4205:
3831:
3712:
3568:
3332:
3324:
2640:
1670:
1609:, but in Japan this was perceived as an anti-Japanese move. Germany occupied
1583:
1563:
1262:
1235:
1151:
474:
413:
11014:
8521:
7758:
6833:
5986:
5865:
5790:
5752:
4846:
438:
13483:
13443:
12262:
11786:
11752:
11507:
10510:
10387:
10072:
Russia against Japan, 1904–1905 : a new look at the Russo-Japanese War
9756:
9205:"Reflections, Historic and Other, Suggested by the Battle of the Japan Sea"
7341:
7197:
7161:
5931:
5880:
5805:
4745:
4665:
4497:
4462:
4344:
4295:
4271:
4214:
4156:
4051:
4005:
3994:
3983:
3930:
3919:
3884:
3857:
3681:
3543:
3411:
Some political leaders of the Polish insurrection movement (in particular,
3222:
3162:
3106:
3067:
2837:
2817:
2779:
2608:
2431:
attack on the Russian ships at Port Arthur. The attack heavily damaged the
2381:
1828:
1768:
1610:
1551:
1494:
1274:
1251:
863:
498:
380:
121:
12023:
11084:
10701:
10243:, Lyrics, translation and melody of the song "On the hills of Manchuria" (
9919:
9445:
9149:
8435:
The International Spy – Being the secret history of the Russo-Japanese War
7126:"Privy Council minutes on ratification of the Russo-Japanese Peace Treaty"
6859:
5688:
5347:(2008). "Uncle and nephew: Edward VII and the 'encirclement' of Germany".
4888:
4209:
4124:
2962:
1743:(elder statesmen) who made up the Meiji oligarchy, Itō Hirobumi and Count
1270:
13719:
13609:
13493:
13473:
13463:
13393:
13388:
13322:
13272:
13242:
13166:
13129:
13099:
13063:
12994:
12979:
12823:
12368:
12097:
12018:
11951:
11781:
11162:
10711:
10251:
Google Map with battles of Russo-Japanese War and other important events.
10137:
9801:
The Rocky Road to the Great War: the Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914.
5966:
5845:
5770:
5732:
4783:
4600:
4513:
The main historical novel dealing with the war from the Japanese side is
4392:
3875:(£24.5 million) from Germany, who also financed Japan's war effort.
3768:
3756:
3708:
3604:
3573:
3463:
3166:
2717:
2614:
2385:
2356:
2065:
1998:
1881:
1833:
1744:
1692:
1683:
1543:
1498:
1403:
1350:
1266:
1175:
1163:
974:
958:
9494:
8863:
8706:
8660:
8631:
8573:
8485:
8433:
7889:
7290:
7241:
6236:
4713:, and a Japanese nurse who find themselves on opposing sides of the war.
3059:
48:
13563:
13508:
13448:
13378:
13368:
13302:
13287:
12799:
12765:
12403:
12353:
12272:
12141:
10959:
10575:
10063:
The Japan-Russia war: an illustrated history of the war in the Far East
7564:
7333:
4084:
3852:
Japanese military currency (1894–1918) § Russo-Japanese War (1904)
3581:
3312:
3190:
3157:
3063:
2878: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2787:
2475:
1923:
1688:
1247:
113:
10868:
10047:
Der Russisch-Japanische Krieg 1904/05 im Spiegel deutscher Bilderbogen
9235:
Dreams of a German Europe: Wilhelm II and the Treaty of Björkö of 1905
9031:
8708:
Under the Ensign of the Rising Sun – A Story of the Russo-Japanese War
8025:"War Lasted 18 Months; Biggest Battle Known... Russian Miscalculation"
4442:
Most Russian fictional accounts of the war had a documentary element.
4282:(2000). This follows the voyage of the Russian Imperial Navy flagship
4250:(1913) and energetically evoked the results of the war along the way:
2712:
was appointed commander of the battle fleet and was ordered to make a
1687:." By 1898 they had acquired mining and forestry concessions near the
1375:
This anti-Russian satirical map was produced by a Japanese student at
13503:
13488:
13423:
12814:
11991:
11291:
11266:
11261:
11069:
10940:
10873:
10545:
8921:
8607:. Soldiers of fortune series. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.
6698:
Socialist Korea: A Case Study in the Strategy of Economic Development
6485:
5678:
5482:
5459:
4702:
4661:, of which the third series dealt with the war period (December 2011)
4160:
3760:
3657:
3656:
which had prevented the fleet from leaving the Black Sea through the
3522:
3515:
3489:
3295:
2541:
2534:
2518:, slipped out of port but struck Japanese mines off Port Arthur. The
1963:
1935:
1654:. The development of the railway became a contributory factor to the
1638:
1550:
religious movement led to a request by the Korean government for the
1526:
1452:
1393:
1231:
644:
109:
9745:
in 1970, translated into English by David Brown and Antony Preston.
8633:
At the Fall of Port Arthur, or a young American in the Japanese navy
7325:
6095:
Gwynn, Stephen, ed. (1929). "Spring Rice to Robert H. M. Ferguson".
2853:
1994:, was recalled, and Japan severed diplomatic relations with Russia.
1982:
13573:
13533:
13433:
13373:
13342:
13337:
13327:
13297:
13237:
12556:
12418:
11370:
10798:
10489:
10433:
10161:
10054:
A Well-Watched War: Images from the Russo-Japanese Front, 1904–1905
9843:
9310:
The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power, and Primacy
9023:
6662:"Text of Treaty; Signed by the Emperor of Japan and Czar of Russia"
6563:
4265:
And amputated limbs danced about or soared through the raucous air
4104:
4100:
3748:
3336:
3249:
3241:
and agreed to evacuate Manchuria. Japan would annex Korea in 1910 (
2828:
2627:
2569:
sank while under tow towards Korea for repairs. On 23 June 1904, a
1791:
Wilhelm aggressively encouraged Russia's ambitions in Asia because
1747:
opposed the idea of war against Russia on financial grounds, while
1243:
10265:
10202:, Russo-Japanese Relations in the Far East. Meeting of Frontiers (
9600:
The Tide at Sunrise, A History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
9249:
The Kaiser – New Research on Wilhelm II's Role in Imperial Germany
8758:"The New Dominion: A Tale of To-morrow's Wars / Arthur W. Kipling"
7705:
6891:"4 facts about the war in which Russia didn't win a single battle"
6272:
6204:"4 facts about the war in which Russia didn't win a single battle"
5064:"The Growth of European and Japanese Dominions in Asia since 1801"
3621:
The significance of the war was clear too for Socialist thinkers:
3546:
eventually shifting from China to Japan. American figures such as
2423:
On the night of 8 February 1904, the Japanese fleet under Admiral
13635:
13568:
13538:
13523:
13518:
13513:
13403:
13332:
13317:
13312:
10540:
10212:, Treaty of Portsmouth now seen as global turning point from the
9938:
The Tsar's Last Armada: The Epic Voyage to the Battle of Tsushima
9851:
8054:
6137:"Laws of War: Opening of Hostilities (Hague III) 18 October 1907"
5407:
4320:
4096:
3695:
3328:
3013:
An illustration of a Japanese assault during the Battle of Mukden
2821:
2812:
2811:
During the fighting in Manchuria, there were Russian troops that
2727:
2674:
2463:
1547:
1431:
1281:
13177:
8881:
8760:. Francis Griffiths. 29 April 1908 – via Internet Archive.
7693:
4263:
In the pesthouses I saw gaping gashes wounds bleeding full blast
2363:
was made international law in 1899, and again in 1907, with the
1280:
Russia had pursued an expansionist policy east of the Urals, in
13558:
13418:
13398:
13262:
13252:
11495:
11223:
10392:
9741:, Annapolis, Maryland, 1977. Originally published in German as
9414:
8264:
Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context
6629:
6303:
3752:
3370:
2966:
2713:
1647:
1643:
1626:
1606:
1538:
1423:
149:
10228:
9392:
Building The Mosquito Fleet, The US Navy's First Torpedo Boats
8802:"The Australian Crisis [novel by C. H. Kirmess, 1909]"
8162:
6141:
Yale Law School – Lillian Goldman Law Library – Avalon Project
6098:
The Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Spring Rice: A Record
6043:"The Korean-Japanese Dispute over Dokdo/Takeshima," p. 62 n207
4406:
Another literary genre affected by the outcome of the war was
4373:
Under Togo for Japan, or Three Young Americans on Land and Sea
4091:
In Russia, the war was covered by anonymous satirical graphic
3189:. The large conference table is today preserved at the Museum
1771:" propaganda by the German government, and the German Emperor
1358:, and severely damaged the prestige of the Russian autocracy.
13458:
13413:
13267:
10585:
9580:
The Short Victorious War: The Russo-Japanese Conflict, 1904-5
9065:
Russian Battleship vs Japanese Battleship, Yellow Sea 1904–05
8286:"Thou Shalt Not Die: Yosano Akiko and the Russo-Japanese War"
8165:[Rudolf Greintz. 'On Deck, Comrades, All on Deck!'].
7357:
Iran and Russian Imperialism: The Ideal Anarchists, 1800–1914
6834:"Montenegro, Japan end 100 years' war | History News Network"
5395:
3692:
campaigns also led to a large number of Japanese casualties.
3577:
2462:
These engagements provided cover for a Japanese landing near
2416:
1721:
The Russians and the Japanese both contributed troops to the
1555:
1400:
847:
9411:
The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero
9375:
7203:
7167:
6917:
6800:"Social Prot est in Imperial Japan: The Hibiya Riot of 1905"
6742:
The Treaty of Portsmouth: An Adventure in American Diplomacy
6037:
with drafting the text of the Japanese declaration of war –
5694:
5542:"The Russo-Japanese War: Primary Causes of Japanese Success"
5153:
5068:
University of Texas – Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection
2565:
sank within minutes, taking 450 sailors with her, while the
1621:
in this port. Between 1897 and 1903, the Russians built the
1273:, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by the
13347:
8990:
The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea
7106:
5968:
Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan
5847:
Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan
5772:
Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan
5734:
Rising sun and tumbling bear : Russia's war with Japan
4247:
La prose du Transsibérien et de la Petite Jehanne de France
4079:
Getsuzō's woodblock print of "The Battle of Liaoyang", 1904
3335:
refused to allow it; instead, Maresuke mentored the future
3040:
2646:
1597:
In 1897, Russia occupied the Liaodong Peninsula, built the
9107:. Essential Histories. Wellingborough: Osprey Publishing.
7440:
6923:
6641:
6005:"Multiple perspectives in novel on the Russo-Japanese War"
5241:
5200:
International Relations and the Origins of the Pacific War
3603:
In Europe, subject populations were similarly encouraged.
3537:
Postcard of political satire during the Russo-Japanese War
2827:
The Japanese hired Chinese bandits known variously as the
2573:
by the Russian squadron, now under the command of Admiral
1849:
own government for not taking any action. On 28 July 1903
1513:
of 1861 Russia had directly assaulted Japanese territory.
1269:
remained ice-free and operational only during the summer;
7759:"British Naval Estimation of Japan and Russia, 1894–1905"
6981:
TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (18 December 1904).
6778:
Mowry, George E. (November 1946). "The First Roosevelt".
6404:
6392:
6226:
6224:
6117:
5419:
4224:
His Imperial Majesty would not come out to fight ...
4185:
also reacted to the war by composing the satirical opera
3789:
Military attachés and observers in the Russo-Japanese War
3680:
of World War I. A German military advisor sent to Japan,
1759:
favored war. Meanwhile, Japan and Britain had signed the
1546:
was established in Seoul. A peasant rebellion led by the
10040:
European Review of History – Revue européenne d'histoire
7681:
6604:
6380:
5303:
5301:
5299:
3688:
of 1894–1895. However, his over-reliance on infantry in
1238:. The major theatres of military operations were in the
12602:
9685:
Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
9639:
The Russo-Japanese War in Cultural Perspective, 1904-05
8772:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Banzai!, by Parabellum"
8514:"The Russo-Japanese War and Boys Own Adventure Stories"
7905:
7618:. Vol. 20, no. 181 (n.s.). Paris. p. 1c.
7218:
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society
7185:
7173:
6328:
The Great Siege: The Investment and Fall of Port Arthur
6190:
The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907
6041:
Naval Postgraduate School (US) thesis: Na, Sang Hyung.
5383:
5027:
4473:), covered the same journey round the world to defeat.
4451:, based on his own experiences on board the battleship
3058:
After a stopover of several weeks at the minor port of
2708:
during the siege of Port Arthur in April 1904, Admiral
2618:
Japanese assault on the entrenched Russian forces, 1904
9346:
Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941
9268:
Russo-Japanese Naval War 1904–1905: Battle of Tsushima
8318:
Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan
7427:, Asian Educational Services reprint, New Delhi 1999,
6701:. New York and London: Monthly Review Press. pp.
6626:
83#4 (Dec 2019 ) pp. 1133–1160, quoting pp. 1136–1137.
6221:
5971:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 28–30.
5850:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 25–28.
5775:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 23–24.
5737:. R. M. Connaughton. London: Cassell. pp. 22–23.
5700:
5575:
5573:
5436:
5434:
5350:
Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941
4978:
4789:
Russian Imperialism in Asia and the Russo-Japanese War
4653:
is dramatised in the second episode of this TV series.
4556:
Nichiro sensō shōri no hishi: Tekichū ōdan sanbyaku-ri
3169:, Plancon; and the Japanese at near side of table are
2726:, Vitgeft proceeded to lead his six battleships, four
2720:. Flying his flag in the French-built pre-dreadnought
1230:
during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in
13694:
Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands
12290:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
10257:
at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection
8936:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 41–55.
8927:. [Washington? D.C., Gibson brothers? printers. 1904.
8662:
The North Pacific – A Story of the Russo-Japanese War
8604:
Under the Mikado's Flag, or Young Soldiers of Fortune
8163:"Rudolf Greins. 'Auf Deck, Kameraden, All Auf Deck!'"
6793:
6791:
6440:
6428:
6368:
6356:
5653:
5602:
5296:
4953:
3738:, Japan's erstwhile British ally presented a lock of
3676:
Russian and Japanese troops, were a precursor to the
3237:. Witte became Russian Prime Minister the same year.
10049:, Deutsches Institut für Japanstudien Tokyo, (2005).
10007:
The Imperial Japanese Navy of the Russo-Japanese War
9687:. (1994) Originally classified, and in two volumes,
9525:
Japan and the Decline of the West in Asia, 1894–1943
5253:
5217:
4721:
4377:
A Soldier of Japan: a tale of the Russo-Japanese War
4257:
At Talga 100,000 wounded were dying for lack of care
2526:
had to be towed back to port for extensive repairs.
1576:
forced Japan to withdraw from the Liaodong Peninsula
1516:
1345:
23 August] 1905), mediated by US President
7151:
7149:
7147:
6592:
6416:
5712:
5570:
5558:
5431:
5325:
5313:
5229:
4990:
4862:
4828:
4826:
4769:
List of warships sunk during the Russo-Japanese War
4623:(1983, 日本海大海戦・海ゆかば, Nihonkai-Daikasen: Umi Yukaba)
9736:Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945.
9734:Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Dieter Jung, Peter Mickel.
9522:
9203:
7080:
6788:
6660:
6531:The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser
6257:"The Progress of the World – Japan's Swift Action"
5265:
5122:
4975:" by Frederick W. Rose (publisher not identified).
4835:Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War
4147:Two others grew out of incidents during the war. "
3782:
3648:Russia had lost two of its three fleets. Only its
85:, Japanese dead at Port Arthur, Japanese infantry
9907:
9883:The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War
9787:Baron Kaneko and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05)
7837:Great Powers and Little Wars: The Limits of Power
6291:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
4506:(2003), in the first part of which the detective
4395:, and a temporarily disgraced English officer in
3365:was particularly true in the eyes of Germany and
3360:This was the first major military victory in the
3279:dispatched the Vice-Minister of Foreign affairs (
1880:On 3 October 1903 the Russian minister to Japan,
13757:
12305:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
11635:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
11448:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
9573:. Translated by Robert Grant. London: J. Murray.
9270:. Vol. 2. Sandomierz, Poland: Stratus s.c.
8314:
8132:"Ilya Shatrov: On the Hills of Manchuria, Waltz"
7826:
7824:
7796:
7794:
7770:London School of Economics and Political Science
7144:
7014:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5046:
5044:
5042:
4823:
1277:of China from 1897, was operational year round.
12424:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
12339:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
11418:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
9888:
9768:Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War
9247:Mombauer, Annika; Deist, Wilhelm, eds. (2003).
9179:Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War
8321:. University of California Press. p. 126.
8283:
8090:Chuliengcheng. In a glorious death eternal life
7075:
7073:
7021:The Japanese and Europe: Images and Perceptions
6948:. Stanford University Press. pp. 157–158.
6509:
6507:
6505:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6349:Human bullets, a soldier's story of Port Arthur
6052:December 2007, citing Byang-Ryull Kim. (2006).
5592:
5590:
5588:
5535:
5533:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5005:
3836:William Gustavus Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson
3775:. The naval war confirmed the direction of the
3664:of 1841, which had been favourable to Russia.
1667:Gojong's internal exile to the Russian legation
1414:As part of the modernization process in Japan,
1313:at Port Arthur, China, on 9 February [
1309:opened hostilities in a surprise attack on the
10402:
9566:
9409:Steinberg, John W.; et al., eds. (2005).
9048:
8396:
7962:
7923:
7504:"United States of Asia, James Joyce and Japan"
6913:
6911:
6309:
6242:
6101:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 402–406.
5413:
5401:
5307:
5277:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5086:
4682:
4649:the Japanese surprise attack that started the
4578:
3213:Japan-Russia Treaty of Peace, 5 September 1905
2540:into war zones to report for the London-based
1767:The 1890s and 1900s marked the height of the "
1324:Although Russia suffered a number of defeats,
13193:
12588:
12278:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
11479:
10281:
9246:
9240:
9056:
8370:
7958:
7956:
7835:. In Hamish Ion, A.; Errington, E.J. (eds.).
7821:
7791:
7082:"Japan's Present Crisis and Her Constitution"
6058:The Plunder of Dokdo by the Japanese Military
5105:
5039:
4832:
4692:
3528:
2799:while the larger battleships went around the
1199:
833:
660:
10096:Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man And His Letters
10052:Sharf, Frederick A. and James T. Ulak, eds.
9376:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David (2005).
8691:For the Mikado or a Japanese Middy in Action
8483:
7070:
7059:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
6502:
6452:
5585:
5530:
5511:
5492:
5002:
4858:
4856:
4435:and then revised it for book publication as
4424:The New Dominion – A Tale of Tomorrow's Wars
4280:The Donkey's Ears: Politovsky's Letters Home
4166:The second song, "Variag", commemorates the
3369:before World War I. Russia was France's and
1488:
1466:In 1884, Japan had encouraged a coup in the
12231:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
12226:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
10765:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
9637:Wells, David; Wilson, Sandra, eds. (1999).
9636:
8950:
8704:
8629:
8600:
8259:
7732:U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
7727:The Russo-Japanese War, Lessons Not Learned
7446:
7354:
7112:
6908:
6647:
6635:
6410:
6398:
6123:
5964:
5843:
5768:
5730:
5247:
5159:
5134:
4603:, depiction of the naval Battle of Tsushima
3580:the war was a subject of conversation when
2693:
2415:Japanese infantry during the occupation of
1442:
13200:
13186:
12595:
12581:
11547:Military history of the Russian Federation
11486:
11472:
10288:
10274:
9908:Patrikeeff, Felix; Shukman, Harry (2007).
9785:Matsumura Masayoshi, Ian Ruxton (trans.),
8978:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7953:
6945:The Revolution of 1905: Russia in Disarray
6321:
5679:Correspondence Regarding Negotiations 1904
5483:Correspondence Regarding Negotiations 1904
5460:Correspondence Regarding Negotiations 1904
5070:. Cartography by Velhagen & Klasings.
4286:to its sinking at the Battle of Tsushima.
3638:, May 1–8, 1904 (translator: Mitch Abidor)
3475:
3283:) with a personal letter from him for the
2481:
1505:in the east. With its construction of the
1292:in the 16th century. Since the end of the
1265:both for its navy and for maritime trade.
1206:
1192:
840:
826:
667:
653:
11797:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
11168:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
10778:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
9462:
8636:. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.
7911:
7609:
7462:
7311:
7191:
7179:
7155:
6694:
6527:"The Forlorn Hope of the Armada. April 1"
4959:
4924:. Cambridge University Press. p. 2.
4893:Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century
4886:
4853:
3458:As a result, the wartime government, the
3342:
2938:Learn how and when to remove this message
2765:
2716:from Port Arthur and deploy his force to
2352:, it left the Tsar "almost incredulous".
1366:
10551:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
10152:
9655:
9543:
9501:
8830:
8227:performed by Maxim Troshin (in Russian).
7723:
7711:
7687:
7654:
7628:
7404:Sun Yat-sen's speech on Pan-Asianism at
7384:. Stanford University Press. p. 9.
6002:
4882:
4880:
4863:Dumas, S.; Vedel-Petersen, K.O. (1923).
4615:), depiction of the Siege of Port Arthur
4319:
4074:
3792:
3694:
3532:
3479:
3400:, and where Russian rule already caused
3346:
3294:
3208:
3156:
3039:
3008:
2949:
2769:
2647:Anglo–Japanese intelligence co-operation
2613:
2590:
2485:
2410:
2400:
1981:
1708:
1660:Boxer forces burned the railway stations
1529:surrender to the Japanese, October 1894.
1520:
1370:
1361:
944:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
885:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
182:
100:8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905
11758:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
11628:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
10218:, by Robert Marquand, 30 December 2005.
10121:International Journal of Korean History
9981:
9958:
9871:. (An account from a seaman aboard the
9389:
9265:
9062:
8931:
8665:. New York City: E.P. Dutton & Co.
8518:The Russo-Japanese War Research Society
7800:
7542:
6860:"Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls"
6446:
6434:
6422:
6386:
6374:
6362:
6345:
5929:
5878:
5803:
4645:'s role in providing intelligence that
4627:reprises his role as Admiral Togo from
4226:How could He possibly make them believe
3838:, who was later to become chief of the
3488:: Transport of wounded Russians by the
3146:
2806:
2667:
2580:
2013:
1729:
1669:. A pro-Russian cabinet emerged in the
1632:
1333:at the Hague. After the decisive naval
203:
14:
13758:
12379:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
12310:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
12169:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
12147:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
11861:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
11537:Military history of the Russian Empire
11366:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
10171:, Russo-Japanese War research society.
10045:Saaler, Sven und Inaba Chiharu (Hg.).
10004:
9743:Die Japanischen Kriegschiffe 1869–1945
9725:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
9596:
9577:
9520:
9413:. History of Warfare/29. Vol. I.
9394:. South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.
9232:
9156:
9007:
8915:Bibliography of the Russo-Japanese War
8687:
8571:
8542:
8431:
8413:from the original on 12 September 2015
8353:
7830:
7699:
7379:
7055:
6941:
6929:
6888:
6870:from the original on 10 September 2017
6797:
6261:The American Monthly Review of Reviews
6201:
5919:. Madison and Adams Press. p. 32.
5659:
5608:
5425:
5290:
5050:
5033:
5021:
4996:
4984:
4899:from the original on 10 September 2017
4833:Mitchell, T. J.; Smith, G. M. (1931).
4533:Film list about the Russo-Japanese War
4259:I visited the hospitals of Krasnoyarsk
3233:was signed on 5 September 1905 at the
3141:
2987:The Russian Second Army under General
2954:Retreat of Russian soldiers after the
2490:Battlefields in the Russo-Japanese War
674:
583:34,000–52,623 killed or died of wounds
13181:
12576:
12529:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
11907:Russian colonization of North America
11467:
10269:
10155:"Chronology of Japanese Cinema: 1904"
10148:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911.
10059:
10025:Warships of the Imperial Russian Navy
9848:The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War
9622:. London, UK: Arms and Armour Press.
9617:
9597:Warner, Denis; Warner, Peggy (1974).
9529:. New York City: St. Martins' Press.
9303:
9284:
9198:
9183:The A to Z of the Russo-Japanese War
9100:
9081:
8658:
7262:
7215:
6980:
6777:
6738:
6695:Brun, Hellen; Hersh, Jacques (1976).
6690:
6688:
6610:
6598:
6555:
6513:
6465:
6297:
6230:
6147:from the original on 10 February 2011
6094:
6015:from the original on 17 November 2015
5998:
5996:
5913:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5764:
5762:
5718:
5706:
5259:
5235:
5223:
5196:
5147:
5128:
5116:
5099:
4973:Serio-comic war map for the year 1877
4877:
4155:; 1906) is another waltz composed by
3229:leading the Japanese delegation. The
3029:
2323:
1321:responded by declaring war on Japan.
821:
648:
27:1904–1905 war for Manchuria and Korea
11542:Military history of the Soviet Union
10770:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
10526:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
10183:, Text of the Treaty of Portsmouth:.
9982:Semenov, Vladimir Ivanovich (1909).
9959:Semenov, Vladimir Ivanovich (1908).
9761:The Impact of the Russo-Japanese War
9339:
9327:from the original on 29 October 2020
9220:from the original on 16 January 2018
9133:
9121:from the original on 31 October 2020
8986:
8845:from the original on 30 October 2020
8715:from the original on 16 January 2018
8669:from the original on 10 January 2018
8640:from the original on 16 January 2018
8611:from the original on 1 November 2020
8553:from the original on 16 January 2018
8494:from the original on 16 January 2018
8442:from the original on 16 January 2018
8373:Selected Writings of Blaise Cendrars
8284:Janine Beichman (11 December 2006).
8194:of the song on YouTube (in Russian).
8173:from the original on 17 January 2018
7857:from the original on 18 October 2020
7483:from the original on 30 October 2020
7469:. London: Palgrave. pp. 53–54.
7382:The Modernization of Iran, 1921–1941
7132:from the original on 19 January 2022
6814:from the original on 2 February 2017
6759:from the original on 29 October 2020
6537:from the original on 19 January 2018
6477:
6279:from the original on 9 November 2021
6254:
6105:from the original on 10 January 2020
5641:from the original on 1 November 2020
5620:
5596:
5579:
5564:
5539:
5524:
5505:
5440:
5389:
5343:
5331:
5319:
5271:
4869:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp.
4754:Foreign policy of the Russian Empire
3398:partitioned in the late 18th century
3376:
3271:The Treaty of Portsmouth overlooked
2976:
2876:adding citations to reliable sources
2847:
2076:
13704:Seaboard World Airlines Flight 253A
12604:International relations (1814–1919)
12283:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
11438:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
10680:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
10295:
10153:da Silva, Joaquín (29 April 2016).
9911:Railways and the Russo-Japanese War
9431:
9363:from the original on 1 October 2020
8834:Port Arthur: a historical narrative
8806:The Institute of Australian Culture
8582:from the original on 1 October 2017
8335:from the original on 29 August 2021
8238:"General Maresuke Nogi (1849–1912)"
7524:from the original on 29 August 2021
7501:
7037:from the original on 29 August 2021
7023:. Japan Library. pp. 126–133.
6962:from the original on 29 August 2021
5367:from the original on 1 October 2020
5074:from the original on 9 January 2017
4921:The Two Koreas and the Great Powers
4917:
4478:Port Arthur: a historical narrative
3643:
3418:
3225:leading the Russian delegation and
2998:
2843:
2522:sank almost immediately, while the
2449:. These attacks developed into the
2391:
24:
12329:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
11695:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
9992:from the original on 26 April 2017
9969:from the original on 26 April 2017
9889:Papastratigakis, Nicholas (2011).
9713:Journal of Slavic Military Studies
9676:
9163:. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf.
8993:. University of California Press.
8892:from the original on 16 April 2021
8839:Foreign Languages Publishing House
8812:from the original on 29 April 2020
7093:from the original on 12 April 2016
6685:
6580:from the original on 17 April 2021
6166:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
6033:Some scholarly researchers credit
5993:
5958:
5832:
5759:
4397:Under the Ensign of the Rising Sun
4065:
3902:
2365:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
1698:
1562:and nearly destroying the Chinese
1426:as a reward for their sacrifices.
25:
13842:
13831:History of Japan–Russia relations
13816:Wars involving the Russian Empire
13667:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875)
13207:
12194:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
10255:See more Russo-Japanese War Maps
10130:
10081:
9049:Fiebi-von Hase, Ragnhild (2003).
8035:from the original on 12 June 2018
8005:from the original on 7 March 2012
7941:from the original on 17 June 2015
7629:Woodward, David (February 1953).
7204:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005
7168:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005
6918:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005
6889:Egorov, Boris (8 February 2019).
6673:from the original on 4 March 2016
6202:Egorov, Boris (8 February 2019).
5695:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005
4938:from the original on 27 June 2021
4641:(1983). Russian-born British spy
4469:in 1936 (and later translated as
4355:told from the Japanese side, and
4222:Never let them kill you, brother!
4011:19 August 1904 – 2 January 1905:
3909:Battles of the Russo-Japanese War
3887:, an American banker and head of
3652:remained, the result of the 1878
2478:into Russian-occupied Manchuria.
1517:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)
1337:, the war was concluded with the
12248:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
12041:Russian conquest of Central Asia
11977:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
11773:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
11715:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
11138:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
10401:
10231:The New Student's Reference Work
10032:
10027:. Volume 1, Battleships. (1968).
9803:Dulles, Virginia, Potomac Books
9479:10.1111/j.1467-9434.2007.00470.x
9378:The Immediate Origins of the War
9104:The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
8874:
8857:
8824:
8794:
8782:from the original on 4 June 2018
8764:
8750:
8727:
8711:. New York City: Silver Scroll.
8698:
8681:
8652:
8623:
8594:
8565:
8536:
8506:
8477:
8462:Science Fiction: The Early Years
8454:
8425:
8389:
8364:
8347:
8308:
8276:
8252:
8230:
8197:
8154:
8124:
8103:
8082:
8047:
8017:
7987:
7917:
7896:
7869:
7779:from the original on 9 July 2012
7750:
7730:(Thesis). Fort Leavenworth, KS:
7717:
7648:
7622:
7610:Luxemburg, Rosa (1–8 May 1904).
7585:
7557:10.1111/j.1467-9434.2007.00473.x
7536:
7495:
7456:
7417:
7398:
7373:
7348:
7305:
7256:
7209:
7118:
7049:
7008:
6974:
6935:
6882:
6745:. University of Kentucky Press.
6352:. Houghton, Mifflin and company.
4738:
4724:
4351:was responsible for two novels:
3825:was the military attaché of the
3600:embraced Japan as a role model.
2852:
2677:at the time. On 1 May 1904, the
2357:Russian attack on Sweden in 1808
1170:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
981:
925:German Pacific possesions (1914)
528:
516:
504:
492:
480:
468:
456:
444:
432:
420:
406:
387:
374:
353:
332:
320:
308:
296:
288:
278:
258:
246:
232:
205:
184:
47:
13821:Japan–Russia military relations
12534:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
12179:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
12120:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
11153:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
10224:"Russo-Japanese War, The"
9603:. New York City: Charterhouse.
9434:The Journal of Military History
8934:Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy
8908:
8831:Stepanov, Aleksandr N. (1947).
8397:David Wheatley (21 June 2001).
8360:. Brighton: The Standard Press.
7965:"Yellow Promise / Yellow Peril"
7597:Rosa Luxemburg Internet Archive
7510:. Blackwell. pp. 195–196.
6852:
6826:
6798:Gordon, Andrew (20 July 2014).
6771:
6732:
6719:
6653:
6616:
6549:
6519:
6471:
6339:
6315:
6248:
6195:
6182:
6159:
6129:
6088:
6063:
6054:Ilbon Gunbu'ui Dokdo Chim Talsa
6027:
5923:
5907:
5872:
5797:
5724:
5665:
5614:
5469:
5446:
5337:
5190:
5165:
5056:
4839:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
4564:Meiji tennô to nichiro daisenso
3783:Military attachés and observers
3598:Committee of Union and Progress
3074:passing on its way through the
2863:needs additional citations for
2782:, under the command of Admiral
2427:opened the war with a surprise
1777:
1317:27 January] 1904. The
900:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
12216:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
11866:War of the Austrian Succession
11408:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
10521:Imperial Rescript on Education
10189:, Russian Navy history of war.
10066:. Philadelphia: P. W. Ziegler.
9582:. New York: Harper & Row.
9313:. Cambridge University Press.
9289:. Cambridge University Press.
9251:. Cambridge University Press.
9210:US Naval Institute Proceedings
8735:Invasion-Literature, 1871–1914
8375:. New Directions. p. 93.
8100:, oil on canvas by Juri Repin.
7502:Ito, Eishiro (December 2007).
7015:Palasz-Rutkowska, Ewa (2000).
6559:Japan at War – An Encyclopedia
5933:Russo-Japanese naval war, 1905
5882:Russo-Japanese naval war, 1905
5807:Russo-Japanese naval war, 1905
4965:
4911:
4526:
4270:Much later, the Scottish poet
4228:that it is honourable to die?
4070:
4018:25 August – 3 September 1904:
3823:Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton
3433:Japan–Russia Secret Agreements
3429:Franco-Japanese Treaty of 1907
2502:On 12 April 1904, two Russian
2371:The Principality of Montenegro
1331:Permanent Court of Arbitration
13:
1:
13682:Invasion of the Kuril Islands
12974:Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits
12928:1917 Franco-Russian agreement
12918:Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty
12439:South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
12317:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
12068:Russian invasion of Manchuria
12058:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
12004:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
11999:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
11942:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
11932:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
11897:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
11892:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
11882:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
11872:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
11850:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
11845:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
11822:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
11817:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
11792:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
11768:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
11763:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
11748:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
11623:List of wars involving Russia
11618:Sino-Russian border conflicts
10854:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
10760:Imperial General Headquarters
10351:Foreign commerce and shipping
9739:United States Naval Institute
8837:. Translated by J. Fineberg.
7734:. p. iii. Archived from
6556:Perez, Louis G., ed. (2013).
5627:. Hoover Press. p. 156.
4816:
4611:(1980, sometimes referred as
4278:in verse to the naval war in
4039:21 February – 10 March 1905:
3734:Following the victory of the
3512:nongovernmental organizations
3470:
3453:Portsmouth peace negotiations
3290:
2361:before commencing hostilities
2082:Distribution of naval assets
1793:France, Russia's closest ally
1705:Russian invasion of Manchuria
1570:. Japan and China signed the
1301:Japan in Korea, north of the
624:21,802–27,200 died of disease
13826:Military history of Liaoning
12834:Second Industrial Revolution
12708:League of the Three Emperors
12394:Eritrean War of Independence
12364:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
12359:East German uprising of 1953
12300:Eastern Front (World War II)
12189:Red Army invasion of Georgia
12184:Red Army invasion of Armenia
12152:Estonian War of Independence
12093:Russian occupation of Tabriz
12014:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
11972:War of the Seventh Coalition
11855:War of the Polish Succession
11802:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
11186:Hirohito surrender broadcast
10581:Greater East Asia Conference
9885:. Columbia University Press.
9660:. Indiana University Press.
9233:McLean, Roderick R. (2003).
9137:Social Science Japan Journal
8630:Stratemeyer, Edward (1905).
8601:Stratemeyer, Edward (1904).
8460:E.F. and R. Bleiler (1990),
8399:"Dialect with Army and Navy"
8262:, reviewed by Tim Wright in
7803:Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook
7757:Chapman, John (April 2004).
7355:Deutschmann, Moritz (2015).
6725:See review (lay-summary) in
6188:Scott, James Brown, editor,
5936:. Redbourn: Mushroom Model.
5885:. Redbourn: Mushroom Model.
5810:. Redbourn: Mushroom Model.
4866:Losses of Life Caused By War
3893:Russia's anti-Jewish pogroms
3845:
3588:in February 1907. While for
3321:siege of Port Arthur in 1905
3285:Prime Minister of Montenegro
1591:fled to the Russian legation
1391:In the years 1869–1873, the
1080:Anglo-German naval arms race
621:11,424–11,500 died of wounds
586:9,300–18,830 died of disease
7:
13593:Other geographical features
12864:Treaty of Versailles (1871)
12434:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
12384:Sino-Soviet border conflict
12253:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
12221:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
12157:Latvian War of Independence
12046:Russian conquest of Bukhara
11937:War of the Fourth Coalition
11922:War of the Second Coalition
10566:Supreme Court of Judicature
9722:. Ballantine Books. (1960).
9502:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
8705:Collingwood, Harry (1916).
8490:. Toronto: William Briggs.
8371:Walter Albert, ed. (1966).
7724:Sisemore, James D. (1991).
7655:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
7631:"The Russian Armada 1904–5"
7506:. In Brown, Richard (ed.).
7266:Journal of American Studies
6624:Journal of Military History
6533:. 6 April 1905. p. 2.
6346:Sakurai, Tadayoshi (1907).
6323:Nørregaard, Benjamin Wegner
6255:Shaw, Albert (March 1904).
5965:Connaughton, R. M. (2004).
5844:Connaughton, R. M. (2004).
5769:Connaughton, R. M. (2004).
5731:Connaughton, R. M. (2004).
4809:Montenegro-Russia relations
4794:Western imperialism in Asia
4717:
4486:The Three Ages of Okini-San
4471:The Voyage of Forgotten Men
3134:to force the Russians into
1246:in Southern Manchuria, the
10:
13847:
13786:1905 in the Russian Empire
13776:1904 in the Russian Empire
13662:Menashi–Kunashir rebellion
12913:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
12429:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
11967:War of the Sixth Coalition
11957:War of the Fifth Coalition
11927:War of the Third Coalition
11532:Military history of Russia
11494:Armed conflicts involving
11277:Second Philippine Republic
11050:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
10261:Cornell University Library
10139:"Russo-Japanese War"
10089:Armed Forces & Society
9833:. New York: Random House.
9618:Watts, Anthony J. (1990).
9082:Hwang, Kyung Moon (2010).
8912:
8403:The London Review of Books
7508:A Companion to James Joyce
7359:. Routledge. p. 158.
7275:Cambridge University Press
7019:. In Edström, Bert (ed.).
6245:, pp. 12, 15, 17, 42.
5673:Baron Komura to Mr. Kurino
5540:Koda, Yoji (Spring 2005).
5477:Baron Komura to Mr. Kurino
5454:Baron Komura to Mr. Kurino
4799:Japan-Montenegro relations
4530:
4465:, originally published as
4381:Frederick Sadleir Brereton
4369:At the Fall of Port Arthur
4306:'s science fiction novel,
4289:
3906:
3849:
3786:
3529:Reception around the world
3444:Hibiya incendiary incident
3422:
3266:Hibiya incendiary incident
3243:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910
3150:
3050:, the flagship of Admiral
3033:
3002:
2980:
2704:With the death of Admiral
2697:
2584:
2506:battleships, the flagship
2404:
1825:balance of power in Europe
1702:
1408:"people's rights" movement
849:Military campaigns of the
29:
13745:Maarten Gerritszoon Vries
13712:
13654:
13628:
13592:
13356:
13215:
13072:
12936:
12849:
12734:European balance of power
12726:
12661:
12610:
12542:
12477:
12268:Soviet invasion of Poland
12078:
11962:French invasion of Russia
11830:
11728:
11647:
11573:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
11565:
11522:
11515:
11385:
11358:
11300:
11254:
11211:
11204:
11158:Japan during World War II
11113:Pacification of Manchukuo
11083:
11013:
11005:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
11000:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
10938:
10931:
10882:
10869:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
10822:
10748:
10741:
10688:
10606:
10599:
10591:Imperial Japanese Airways
10498:
10445:
10410:
10399:
10303:
10215:Christian Science Monitor
10167:30 September 2002 at the
10009:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
9881:Okamoto, Shumpei (1970).
9799:Murray, Nicholas (2013).
9720:The Fleet That Had To Die
9620:The Imperial Russian Navy
9567:Tikowara, Hesibo (1907).
9548:. Vol. 1 - To Arms.
9390:Simpson, Richard (2001).
9241:Mombauer & Deist 2003
9057:Mombauer & Deist 2003
8659:Allen, Willis B. (1905).
8464:, Kent State University,
8438:. M.A. Donohue & Co.
8357:A Russo-Japanese War Poem
8315:Takashi Fujitani (1996).
8217:On The Hills of Manchuria
8203:See some translations at
7843:. pp. 146, 151–152.
7702:, pp. 179, 229, 230.
7463:Worringer, Renée (2014).
7283:10.1017/S0021875809006033
6739:Trani, Eugene P. (1969).
4779:Manchuria under Qing rule
4774:Korea under Japanese rule
4693:
4683:
4608:The Battle of Port Arthur
4579:
4427:Parabellum, in his novel
4330:Japanese battleship
4199:
4149:On the Hills of Manchuria
3662:London Straits Convention
3287:formally ending the war.
3235:Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
3219:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
3054:at the Battle of Tsushima
3045:Japanese battleship
2533:who were taking the ship
2348:, first secretary at the
2035:
1952:, thereby making herself
1796:Asia; the French Premier
1652:South Manchurian Railroad
1489:Russian Eastern expansion
890:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
860:
686:
612:Total: 80,378–86,100 dead
578:Total: 43,300–71,453 dead
570:
543:
222:
173:
160:Kwantung Leased Territory
92:
46:
41:
13725:William Robert Broughton
13025:Venezuela Naval Blockade
12696:Anglo-Russian Convention
12409:South African Border War
12334:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
12236:Chechen uprising of 1932
11917:Russo-Persian War (1796)
11133:Second Sino-Japanese War
11075:Racial Equality Proposal
10655:Agriculture and Commerce
9985:Rasplata (The Reckoning)
9936:Pleshakov, Constantine.
9873:Russian battleship
9700:MIT Visualizing Cultures
9656:Willmott, H. P. (2009).
9521:Storry, Richard (1979).
9504:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914
9285:Paine, S. C. M. (2017).
9101:Jukes, Geoffrey (2002).
9063:Forczyk, Robert (2009).
8882:"The Prisoner of Sakura"
8694:. Harper & brothers.
8572:Strang, Herbert (1906).
8543:Strang, Herbert (1905).
8354:Oakley, Jane H. (1905).
8290:Asiatic Society of Japan
7969:MIT Visualizing Cultures
7884:(1): 44–54. April 1980.
7815:10.1093/leobaeck/28.1.59
7714:, p. 384, 386, 388.
7659:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914
7466:Ottomans Imagining Japan
6942:Ascher, Abraham (1994).
6804:The Asia-Pacific Journal
6075:12 December 2019 at the
5621:Tolf, Robert W. (1976).
5547:Naval War College Review
5203:. Springer. p. 61.
4416:The Submarine Battleship
4135:
3980:Battle of the Yellow Sea
3725:Second Sino-Japanese War
3702:'s territorial expansion
3396:In Poland, which Russia
3132:occupied Sakhalin Island
2757:Russian battleship
2700:Battle of the Yellow Sea
2694:Battle of the Yellow Sea
2456:Stepan Osipovich Makarov
2303:Torpedo Boats below 40t
2018:
1601:fortress, and based the
1568:Battle of the Yalu River
1443:Pressure from the people
1128:Anglo-Russian Convention
1008:Second Concert of Europe
959:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
30:Not to be confused with
13605:Ilya Muromets Waterfall
13030:Alaska boundary dispute
12703:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
12686:Franco-Russian Alliance
12051:Khivan campaign of 1873
11902:Russo-Polish War (1792)
11045:Washington Naval Treaty
10990:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
10975:First Sino-Japanese War
10794:Nuclear weapons program
10536:Great Japan Youth Party
10463:National seals of Japan
10145:Encyclopædia Britannica
9865:Novikov-Priboy, Aleksei
9550:Oxford University Press
9266:Olender, Piotr (2010).
8744:20 January 2018 at the
8260:Wells & Wilson 1999
8053:See reproductions from
7963:Dower, John W. (2008).
7924:Dower, John W. (2010).
7447:Wells & Wilson 1999
7234:10.1023/A:1022931309651
6177:Encyclopedia Britannica
6171:28 October 2021 at the
5930:Olender, Piotr (2007).
5879:Olender, Piotr (2007).
5804:Olender, Piotr (2007).
5624:The Russian Rockfellers
4918:Kim, Samuel S. (2006).
4630:Battle of the Japan Sea
4573:Battle of the Japan Sea
4433:The Commonwealth Crisis
4365:Under the Mikado's Flag
4183:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
3936:30 April – 1 May 1904:
3891:Schiff, in response to
3763:and Sydney, Australia;
3686:First Sino-Japanese War
3556:Christian von Ehrenfels
3476:Historical significance
2732:torpedo boat destroyers
2653:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
2595:Bombardment during the
2482:Blockade of Port Arthur
2474:was ready to cross the
1761:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1734:The Japanese statesman
1679:Prince Henry of Prussia
1623:Chinese Eastern Railway
1617:, and based the German
1420:survival of the fittest
1356:1905 Russian Revolution
1341:(5 September [
1294:First Sino-Japanese War
1222:was fought between the
1092:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1074:First Sino-Japanese War
1068:Franco-Russian Alliance
1038:Austro–Serbian Alliance
954:French Indochina (1940)
627:153,673–173,400 wounded
87:crossing the Yalu River
13620:Kuril–Kamchatka Trench
12949:Unification of Germany
12896:Taft–Katsura agreement
12524:Western Libya campaign
12199:East Karelian uprising
11720:Wagner Group rebellion
11655:Uprising of Bolotnikov
11123:Motherland controversy
11093:Shōwa financial crisis
10885:Imperial Japanese Navy
10825:Imperial Japanese Army
10556:Peace Preservation Law
10060:Tyler, Sydney (1905).
9578:Walder, David (1974).
9544:Strachan, Hew (2003).
8578:. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
8549:. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
8471:19 August 2020 at the
8432:Upward, Allen (1904).
8190:2 January 2016 at the
6478:Shin, Michael (2018).
5914:Tyler, Sydney (2018).
4804:Japan-Russia relations
4678:The Prisoner of Sakura
4596:The Battle of Tsushima
4340:
4268:
4231:
4168:Battle of Chemulpo Bay
4080:
3927:Battle of Chemulpo Bay
3860:of 106.3 million
3840:Imperial General Staff
3830:out-ranked by British
3802:
3703:
3641:
3538:
3497:
3425:Taft–Katsura agreement
3357:
3343:Political consequences
3308:
3214:
3198:
3111:armed merchant cruiser
3055:
3014:
2958:
2775:
2766:Baltic Fleet redeploys
2619:
2599:
2491:
2429:torpedo boat destroyer
2420:
2338:Russian Far East Fleet
2334:Imperial Japanese Navy
2007:
1987:
1976:
1959:
1789:
1718:
1530:
1507:Trans-Siberian Railway
1486:
1473:Convention of Tientsin
1380:
1367:Modernization of Japan
1307:Imperial Japanese Navy
1152:Second Moroccan Crisis
996:Unification of Germany
605:2 battleships captured
223:Commanders and leaders
13699:Kuril Islands dispute
13035:First Moroccan Crisis
12749:Spread of nationalism
12713:Eight-Nation Alliance
12519:Intervention in Syria
12454:Tajikistani Civil War
12162:Lithuanian–Soviet War
12103:Battle of Robat Karim
11552:Post-Soviet conflicts
11035:Siberian Intervention
10844:Railways and Shipping
10660:Commerce and Industry
10356:Industrial production
10245:Na sopkah Manchzhurii
10091:30.3 (2004): 325–356.
10042:15.6 (2008): 629–642.
10005:Stille, Mark (2016).
9920:10.4324/9780203964767
9914:. London: Routledge.
9715:17.3 (2004): 563–577.
9683:Corbett, Sir Julian.
9446:10.1353/jmh.2006.0037
9384:Steinberg et al. 2005
9157:Keegan, John (1999).
8688:Munroe, Kirk (1905).
8484:Walker, W.W. (1907).
8269:29 March 2015 at the
8242:War Poets Association
8210:6 August 2020 at the
8117:13 April 2020 at the
7831:Hunter, Jane (1993).
7663:. Routledge. p.
7593:"In the Storm (1904)"
7579:11 March 2021 at the
7434:19 March 2018 at the
7411:18 March 2022 at the
7380:Banani, Amin (1961).
7314:German Studies Review
6784:(November 1946): 580.
6727:Steinberg et al. 2005
6562:. Santa Barbara, CA:
6179:, Updated 8 June 2019
4520:Clouds Above the Hill
4444:Alexey Novikov-Priboy
4437:The Australian Crisis
4328:on the bridge of the
4323:
4300:The International Spy
4252:
4219:
4153:Na sopkah Manchzhurii
4078:
3966:Battle of Tashihchiao
3959:Battle of Motien Pass
3916:Battle of Port Arthur
3796:
3698:
3623:
3536:
3483:
3460:First Katsura Cabinet
3350:
3325:General Nogi Maresuke
3298:
3255:Roosevelt earned the
3212:
3160:
3043:
3012:
2953:
2774:Route of Baltic Fleet
2773:
2617:
2594:
2489:
2451:Battle of Port Arthur
2414:
2407:Battle of Port Arthur
2401:Battle of Port Arthur
2204:Cruisers under 2000t
2003:
1985:
1972:
1941:
1784:
1723:Eight-Nation Alliance
1715:Eight-Nation Alliance
1712:
1603:Russian Pacific Fleet
1572:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1524:
1481:
1374:
1362:Historical background
1311:Russian Eastern Fleet
1288:, since the reign of
1134:Young Turk Revolution
1116:First Moroccan Crisis
571:Casualties and losses
70:Russian cruiser
64:, Russian cavalry at
55:Russian cruiser
13811:Wars involving Japan
13806:History of Manchuria
13040:Algeciras Conference
13020:Annexation of Hawaii
12959:Great Eastern Crisis
12954:Unification of Italy
12944:Formation of Romania
12761:French–German enmity
12502:Annexation of Crimea
12206:Central Asian Revolt
12115:Ukrainian–Soviet War
11987:Russo-Circassian War
11670:Pugachev's Rebellion
11613:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
11557:Russian Armed Forces
11527:Early modern warfare
11453:Political dissidence
11302:Occupied territories
11040:General Election Law
10864:Taiwan Army of Japan
10198:15 June 2011 at the
10162:RussoJapaneseWar.com
10113:67.1 (2008): 78–87.
9846:, Ian Hill. (1985).
9705:17 June 2015 at the
9192:8 March 2021 at the
9181:, also published as
9086:. London: Palgrave.
9042:27 July 2019 at the
8987:Duus, Peter (1998).
8273:n. 4 September 2000.
8223:9 March 2021 at the
8185:multimedia enactment
8096:17 June 2015 at the
8075:17 June 2015 at the
8064:17 June 2015 at the
7934:Visualizing Cultures
7089:. 3 September 1905.
6781:The American Mercury
6638:, pp. 109, 342.
6070:"Russo-Japanese War"
6048:29 June 2011 at the
4689:Sorokin no mita saka
4671:Siege of Port Arthur
4651:Siege of Port Arthur
4638:Reilly, Ace of Spies
4324:Painting of Admiral
4308:The Stolen Submarine
4179:threatened revenge.
4059:Invasion of Sakhalin
4032:26–27 January 1905:
4013:Siege of Port Arthur
3973:Battle of Hsimucheng
3938:Battle of Yalu River
3889:Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
3299:Japanese propaganda
3231:Treaty of Portsmouth
3153:Treaty of Portsmouth
3147:Treaty of Portsmouth
2887:"Russo-Japanese War"
2872:improve this article
2807:Effects on civilians
2796:Dogger Bank incident
2784:Zinovy Rozhestvensky
2679:Battle of Yalu River
2668:Battle of Yalu River
2597:siege of Port Arthur
2587:Siege of Port Arthur
2581:Siege of Port Arthur
2014:Status of combatants
1730:Pre-war negotiations
1650:to Port Arthur, the
1633:Russian encroachment
1525:Chinese generals in
1339:Treaty of Portsmouth
1014:Great Eastern Crisis
732:Dogger Bank incident
618:47,152–47,400 killed
394:Zinovy Rozhestvensky
53:Clockwise from top:
18:Russian-Japanese War
13105:Philippine–American
13090:First Sino-Japanese
12923:Racconigi agreement
12869:Treaty of Frankfurt
12829:Great Rapprochement
12783:Scramble for Africa
12562:Sphere of influence
12492:Russo-Ukrainian War
12349:First Indochina War
12322:Soviet–Japanese War
12258:Xinjiang War (1937)
12127:Kazakhstan Campaign
11912:Kościuszko Uprising
11812:Second Northern War
11690:Coup attempt (1991)
11583:Soviet-Finnish wars
11272:Wang Jingwei regime
11182:Potsdam Declaration
11173:Soviet–Japanese War
11128:Anti-Comintern Pact
11118:January 28 incident
11103:London Naval Treaty
10980:Triple Intervention
10809:Supreme War Council
10693:deliberative bodies
10204:Library of Congress
9829:29 May 2016 at the
9546:The First World War
9160:The First World War
9150:10.1093/ssjj/jym033
8395:See the account by
8258:Collected works in
8248:on 28 October 2021.
7226:Springer Publishing
6932:, pp. 575–576.
6669:. 17 October 1905.
6613:, pp. 455–456.
6310:Tikowara/Grant 1907
6243:Tikowara/Grant 1907
5428:, pp. 127–128.
5416:, pp. 163–164.
5414:Fiebi-von Hase 2003
5402:Fiebi-von Hase 2003
5392:, pp. 252–253.
5308:Fiebi-von Hase 2003
5102:, pp. 132–133.
4503:The Diamond Chariot
4494:October Revolutions
4408:invasion literature
4188:The Golden Cockerel
4115:went down with the
4113:Vasily Vereshchagin
3952:Battle of Te-li-Ssu
3827:British Indian Army
3812:Franco-Prussian War
3670:balance of payments
3503:Franco-Prussian War
3402:two major uprisings
3391:February Revolution
3331:, but the Japanese
3305:Kobayashi Kiyochika
3206:on 9 January 1905.
3142:Peace and aftermath
2739:crossing Vitgeft's
2083:
1503:Kamchatka Peninsula
1326:Emperor Nicholas II
1298:sphere of influence
1002:Franco-Prussian War
930:Siberia (1918–1922)
156:Kvantunskaya Oblast
32:Soviet–Japanese War
13766:Russo-Japanese War
13672:Russo-Japanese War
13584:Zavaritski Caldera
13439:Goryashchaya Sopka
13429:Golets-Torny Group
12964:Congress of Berlin
12881:Reinsurance Treaty
12859:Congress of Vienna
12839:Industrial warfare
12805:Scramble for China
12552:Russian Revolution
12487:Russo-Georgian War
12469:Second Chechen War
12449:Georgian Civil War
12088:Russo-Japanese War
11840:Great Northern War
11738:Russo-Crimean Wars
11710:Second Chechen War
11608:Russo-Turkish wars
11603:Russo-Swedish wars
11593:Russo-Persian Wars
11578:Russo-Crimean Wars
10995:Russo-Japanese War
10965:Two Lords Incident
10620:Imperial Household
10111:The Russian Review
9789:, Lulu Press 2009
9718:Hough, Richard A.
9466:The Russian Review
9243:, pp. 119–41.
9084:A History of Korea
9011:The Russian Review
8952:Connaughton, R. M.
8865:Russo-Japanese War
8031:. 30 August 1905.
7975:on 8 November 2015
7608:, translated from
7545:The Russian Review
7087:The New York Times
6987:The New York Times
6333:Methuen Publishing
5197:Unoki, Ko (2016).
4658:Saka no Ue no Kumo
4585:Nihonkai-Daikaisen
4361:Edward Stratemeyer
4341:
4337:Battle of Tsushima
4163:were added later.
4081:
4061:: Japanese victory
4054:, Japanese victory
4048:Battle of Tsushima
4043:: Japanese victory
4025:5–17 October 1904
4022:: Japanese victory
4020:Battle of Liaoyang
4015:, Japanese victory
4008:, Japanese victory
4002:Battle of Korsakov
3997:, Japanese victory
3986:, Japanese victory
3975:: Japanese victory
3968:: Japanese victory
3961:: Japanese victory
3954:: Japanese victory
3947:: Japanese victory
3940:, Japanese victory
3933:, Japanese victory
3881:Takahashi Korekiyo
3816:American Civil War
3803:
3736:Battle of Tsushima
3731:in the 1920s–30s.
3704:
3539:
3498:
3486:Battle of Liaoyang
3358:
3309:
3215:
3199:
3197:Prefecture, Japan.
3056:
3036:Battle of Tsushima
3030:Battle of Tsushima
3020:General Kuropatkin
3015:
2959:
2776:
2655:. During the war,
2624:Battle of Liaoyang
2620:
2600:
2531:war correspondents
2492:
2421:
2375:Montenegrin prince
2330:declaration of war
2324:Declaration of war
2165:Armoured Cruisers
2081:
1992:Kurino Shin'ichirō
1988:
1986:Kurino Shin'ichirō
1851:Kurino Shin'ichirō
1831:" and a policy of
1821:Bernhard von Bülow
1802:Theodore Roosevelt
1755:and Field Marshal
1719:
1619:East Asia Squadron
1560:Liaodong Peninsula
1531:
1381:
1347:Theodore Roosevelt
1335:battle of Tsushima
1240:Liaodong Peninsula
1220:Russo-Japanese War
1104:Russo-Japanese War
1062:Reinsurance Treaty
1020:Campaign in Bosnia
973:Events leading to
678:Russo-Japanese War
637:2 battleships sunk
602:8 battleships sunk
560:1,200,000 (total)
550:1,365,000 (total)
253:Aleksey Kuropatkin
42:Russo-Japanese War
13796:Conflicts in 1905
13791:Conflicts in 1904
13753:
13752:
13687:Battle of Shumshu
13554:Tao-Rusyr Caldera
13223:Antsiferov Island
13175:
13174:
13144:Albanian Revolts
13001:German Naval Laws
12985:Naval arms races
12969:Berlin Conference
12901:Hague Conventions
12570:
12569:
12459:First Chechen War
12414:Soviet–Afghan War
12399:Angolan Civil War
12174:Polish–Soviet War
12132:Finnish Civil War
12110:Russian Civil War
12009:November Uprising
11947:Anglo-Russian War
11887:Bar Confederation
11700:First Chechen War
11680:Russian Civil War
11675:Decembrist revolt
11665:Bulavin Rebellion
11660:Razin's Rebellion
11643:
11642:
11598:Russo-Polish Wars
11566:Lists by opponent
11461:
11460:
11433:Socialist thought
11381:
11380:
11320:Dutch East Indies
11282:Empire of Vietnam
11200:
11199:
10970:Satsuma Rebellion
10950:Meiji Restoration
10927:
10926:
10737:
10736:
10675:Greater East Asia
10561:Political parties
10516:Foreign relations
10193:Frontiers.loc.gov
10016:978-1-4728-1121-9
9929:978-0-429-2421-20
9900:978-1-84885-691-2
9860:978-0-582-49114-4
9839:978-0-8129-6600-8
9809:978-1-59797-553-7
9795:978-0-557-11751-2
9763:(Routledge, 2007)
9667:978-0-25300-356-0
9513:978-0-415-21477-3
9296:978-1-107-01195-3
9277:978-83-61421-02-3
9114:978-1-84176-446-7
9074:978-1-84603-330-8
9059:, pp. 143–75
9000:978-0-520-92090-3
8808:. 3 August 2012.
8776:www.gutenberg.org
8487:Alter Ego: a Tale
8001:. 11 March 2010.
7850:978-0-275-93965-6
7612:"Dans La Tempête"
7391:978-0-8047-0050-4
7366:978-1-317-38531-8
6389:, pp. 52–54.
6312:, pp. 48–50.
6233:, pp. 84–85.
5943:978-83-61421-74-0
5892:978-83-61421-74-0
5817:978-83-61421-74-0
5709:, pp. 16–20.
5508:, pp. 97–98.
5479:. 5 October 1903.
5210:978-1-137-57202-8
5162:, pp. 19–20.
5036:, pp. 18–19.
4987:, pp. 15–16.
4931:978-1-139-45543-5
4385:The North Pacific
4193:Alexander Pushkin
4034:Battle of Sandepu
3950:14–15 June 1904:
3945:Battle of Nanshan
3925:9 February 1904:
3914:8 February 1904:
3897:Rothschild family
3777:British Admiralty
3773:British Hong Kong
3387:October Manifesto
3377:Effects on Russia
3257:Nobel Peace Prize
2983:Battle of Sandepu
2977:Battle of Sandepu
2961:With the fall of
2948:
2947:
2940:
2922:
2801:Cape of Good Hope
2792:Cape of Good Hope
2688:Battle of Nanshan
2630:). Major General
2346:Cecil Spring Rice
2321:
2320:
2223:Torpedo gunboats
2077:Ship distribution
1950:out of the Baltic
1948:, took her fleet
1806:Cecil Spring Rice
1615:Tsingtao fortress
1511:Tsushima incident
1457:liberal democracy
1455:refused to allow
1451:Though the Meiji
1418:ideas about the "
1385:Meiji Restoration
1290:Ivan the Terrible
1216:
1215:
1158:Italo-Turkish War
1146:Racconigi Bargain
1050:Berlin Conference
967:
966:
895:China (1899–1901)
815:
814:
643:
642:
327:Yevgeni Alekseyev
265:Roman Kondratenko
169:
168:
16:(Redirected from
13838:
13801:History of Korea
13677:Hawaii Operation
13629:Cities and towns
13579:Vernadskii Ridge
13202:
13195:
13188:
13179:
13178:
13095:Spanish–American
13015:Fashoda Incident
12891:Treaty of Björkö
12876:Treaty of Berlin
12810:Open Door Policy
12744:Eastern question
12691:Entente Cordiale
12597:
12590:
12583:
12574:
12573:
12444:Transnistria War
12389:War of Attrition
12295:Continuation War
12244:
12036:January Uprising
11877:Seven Years' War
11777:Time of Troubles
11743:Russo-Kazan Wars
11588:Russo-Kazan Wars
11520:
11519:
11488:
11481:
11474:
11465:
11464:
11423:Shinmin no Michi
11413:Internment camps
11325:French Indochina
11209:
11208:
11055:Taishō Democracy
10936:
10935:
10859:Japanese holdout
10746:
10745:
10670:Colonial Affairs
10604:
10603:
10531:Yokusan Sonendan
10437:
10429:
10421:
10405:
10404:
10331:Economic history
10290:
10283:
10276:
10267:
10266:
10237:
10235:
10226:
10175:BFcollection.net
10158:
10149:
10141:
10123:7 (2005): 1–28.
10094:Seager, Robert.
10070:Westwood, J. N.
10067:
10020:
10001:
9999:
9997:
9978:
9976:
9974:
9965:. E. P. Dutton.
9933:
9904:
9893:. I. B. Tauris.
9671:
9652:
9633:
9614:
9593:
9574:
9563:
9540:
9528:
9517:
9498:
9457:
9428:
9405:
9381:
9372:
9370:
9368:
9336:
9334:
9332:
9300:
9281:
9262:
9238:
9229:
9227:
9225:
9207:
9200:Mahan, Alfred T.
9174:
9153:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9097:
9078:
9054:
9035:
9004:
8983:
8977:
8969:
8947:
8928:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8878:
8872:
8861:
8855:
8854:
8852:
8850:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8787:
8768:
8762:
8761:
8754:
8748:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8720:
8702:
8696:
8695:
8685:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8674:
8656:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8645:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8598:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8587:
8575:Brown of Moukden
8569:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8558:
8540:
8534:
8533:
8531:
8529:
8520:. Archived from
8510:
8504:
8503:
8501:
8499:
8481:
8475:
8458:
8452:
8451:
8449:
8447:
8429:
8423:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8393:
8387:
8386:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8351:
8345:
8344:
8342:
8340:
8312:
8306:
8305:
8303:
8301:
8292:. Archived from
8280:
8274:
8256:
8250:
8249:
8244:. Archived from
8234:
8228:
8201:
8195:
8182:
8180:
8178:
8158:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8147:
8138:. Archived from
8128:
8122:
8107:
8101:
8086:
8080:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8021:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8010:
7991:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7980:
7971:. Archived from
7960:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7946:
7921:
7915:
7909:
7903:
7900:
7894:
7893:
7878:The Great Circle
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7862:
7839:. Westport, CT:
7828:
7819:
7818:
7798:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7778:
7763:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7721:
7715:
7709:
7703:
7697:
7691:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7662:
7652:
7646:
7645:
7635:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7589:
7583:
7568:
7540:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7488:
7460:
7454:
7444:
7438:
7421:
7415:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7377:
7371:
7370:
7352:
7346:
7345:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7260:
7254:
7253:
7213:
7207:
7201:
7195:
7189:
7183:
7177:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7153:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7122:
7116:
7113:Connaughton 1988
7110:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7084:
7077:
7068:
7067:
7062:. Third series.
7053:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7012:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6978:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6939:
6933:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6901:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6864:necrometrics.com
6856:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6795:
6786:
6785:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6736:
6730:
6723:
6717:
6716:
6692:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6664:
6657:
6651:
6648:Connaughton 1988
6645:
6639:
6636:Connaughton 1988
6633:
6627:
6620:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6553:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6523:
6517:
6511:
6500:
6499:
6484:(1st ed.).
6475:
6469:
6463:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6432:
6426:
6420:
6414:
6411:Connaughton 1988
6408:
6402:
6399:Connaughton 1988
6396:
6390:
6384:
6378:
6372:
6366:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6343:
6337:
6336:
6319:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6252:
6246:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6199:
6193:
6186:
6180:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6133:
6127:
6124:Connaughton 1988
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6092:
6086:
6067:
6061:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6000:
5991:
5990:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5841:
5830:
5829:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5766:
5757:
5756:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5676:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5583:
5577:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5537:
5528:
5522:
5509:
5503:
5490:
5480:
5473:
5467:
5457:
5456:. 3 August 1903.
5450:
5444:
5438:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5345:Röhl, John C. G.
5341:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5294:
5288:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5248:Connaughton 1988
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5177:db.history.go.kr
5169:
5163:
5160:Connaughton 1988
5157:
5151:
5145:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5103:
5097:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5037:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4943:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4860:
4851:
4850:
4830:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4707:Ehime Prefecture
4699:V plenu u sakury
4696:
4695:
4694:В плену у сакуры
4686:
4685:
4582:
4581:
4357:Brown of Moukden
4174:and the gunboat
4097:woodblock prints
4057:7–31 July 1905:
4046:27–28 May 1905:
4041:Battle of Mukden
4000:20 August 1904:
3991:Battle off Ulsan
3989:14 August 1904:
3978:10 August 1904:
3943:25–26 May 1904:
3771:; Singapore and
3740:Admiral Nelson's
3654:Treaty of Berlin
3644:Military results
3639:
3634:, In the Storm,
3590:Jawaharlal Nehru
3552:Lothrop Stoddard
3548:W. E. B. Du Bois
3419:Effects on Japan
3337:Emperor Hirohito
3259:for his effort.
3129:Kataoka Shichirō
3076:Singapore Strait
3072:French Indochina
3005:Battle of Mukden
2999:Battle of Mukden
2989:Oskar Gripenberg
2956:Battle of Mukden
2943:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2880:
2856:
2848:
2844:Campaign of 1905
2831:, hunghutze, or
2753:
2683:Mikhail Zasulich
2571:breakout attempt
2419:, Korea, in 1904
2392:Campaign of 1904
2340:at Port Arthur.
2127:Coastal Defence
2084:
2080:
1954:vulnerable to us
1813:Saint Petersburg
1781:
1780: 1888–1918
1779:
1757:Yamagata Aritomo
1675:Tsar Nicholas II
1468:Kingdom of Korea
1416:social Darwinist
1257:Russia sought a
1208:
1201:
1194:
1110:Entente Cordiale
1086:Fashoda Incident
1056:Bulgarian Crisis
985:
970:
969:
855:
853:
842:
835:
828:
819:
818:
681:
679:
669:
662:
655:
646:
645:
632:Material losses:
597:Material losses:
535:Kataoka Shichirō
533:
532:
531:
521:
520:
519:
509:
508:
507:
497:
496:
495:
485:
484:
483:
473:
472:
471:
461:
460:
459:
451:Yamagata Aritomo
449:
448:
447:
437:
436:
435:
425:
424:
423:
411:
410:
409:
396:
392:
391:
390:
379:
378:
377:
370:
368:
358:
357:
356:
347:
337:
336:
335:
325:
324:
323:
315:Mikhail Zasulich
313:
312:
311:
303:Oskar Gripenberg
301:
300:
299:
292:
283:
282:
281:
273:
263:
262:
261:
251:
250:
249:
237:
236:
235:
215:
211:
209:
208:
194:
190:
188:
187:
132:Japanese victory
94:
93:
51:
39:
38:
21:
13846:
13845:
13841:
13840:
13839:
13837:
13836:
13835:
13756:
13755:
13754:
13749:
13730:Vasily Golovnin
13708:
13650:
13624:
13588:
13499:Milna (volcano)
13479:Lomonosov Group
13454:Karpinsky Group
13352:
13308:Polonsky Island
13283:Lowuschki Rocks
13278:Kunashir Island
13258:Habomai Islands
13248:Chyornye Bratya
13211:
13206:
13176:
13171:
13110:Boxer Rebellion
13068:
12932:
12886:Treaty of Paris
12851:
12845:
12778:New Imperialism
12739:Ottoman decline
12722:
12669:Triple Alliance
12657:
12618:Austria-Hungary
12606:
12601:
12571:
12566:
12538:
12479:
12473:
12464:War of Dagestan
12238:
12211:August Uprising
12080:
12074:
12063:Boxer Rebellion
12031:Amur Annexation
11832:
11826:
11730:
11724:
11705:War of Dagestan
11685:August Uprising
11639:
11561:
11511:
11492:
11462:
11457:
11443:Yasukuni Shrine
11377:
11354:
11296:
11250:
11196:
11148:Tripartite Pact
11143:Rape of Nanking
11079:
11065:Tapani incident
11009:
10985:Boxer Rebellion
10943:
10923:
10887:
10878:
10827:
10818:
10753:
10733:
10727:Representatives
10695:
10692:
10691:Legislative and
10684:
10650:Foreign Affairs
10613:
10610:
10595:
10494:
10473:Government Seal
10458:Rising Sun Flag
10441:
10435:
10427:
10419:
10406:
10397:
10299:
10297:Empire of Japan
10294:
10221:
10200:Wayback Machine
10169:Wayback Machine
10136:
10133:
10084:
10035:
10030:
10023:Tomitch, V. M.
10017:
9995:
9993:
9972:
9970:
9930:
9901:
9831:Wayback Machine
9766:Kowner, Rotem.
9707:Wayback Machine
9679:
9677:Further reading
9674:
9668:
9649:
9630:
9611:
9590:
9560:
9559:978-019926191-8
9537:
9536:978-033306868-7
9514:
9425:
9424:978-900414284-8
9402:
9366:
9364:
9357:
9356:978-052184431-4
9341:Röhl, John C.G.
9330:
9328:
9321:
9297:
9278:
9259:
9258:978-052182408-8
9223:
9221:
9194:Wayback Machine
9177:Kowner, Rotem.
9171:
9124:
9122:
9115:
9094:
9075:
9044:Wayback Machine
9001:
8971:
8970:
8966:
8944:
8917:
8911:
8906:
8905:
8895:
8893:
8880:
8879:
8875:
8862:
8858:
8848:
8846:
8829:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8800:
8799:
8795:
8785:
8783:
8770:
8769:
8765:
8756:
8755:
8751:
8746:Wayback Machine
8732:
8728:
8718:
8716:
8703:
8699:
8686:
8682:
8672:
8670:
8657:
8653:
8643:
8641:
8628:
8624:
8614:
8612:
8599:
8595:
8585:
8583:
8570:
8566:
8556:
8554:
8541:
8537:
8527:
8525:
8524:on 21 June 2017
8512:
8511:
8507:
8497:
8495:
8482:
8478:
8473:Wayback Machine
8459:
8455:
8445:
8443:
8430:
8426:
8416:
8414:
8394:
8390:
8383:
8382:978-081121888-7
8369:
8365:
8352:
8348:
8338:
8336:
8329:
8313:
8309:
8299:
8297:
8281:
8277:
8271:Wayback Machine
8257:
8253:
8236:
8235:
8231:
8225:Wayback Machine
8212:Wayback Machine
8202:
8198:
8192:Wayback Machine
8176:
8174:
8161:
8160:German text in
8159:
8155:
8145:
8143:
8142:on 7 March 2016
8136:Editions Orphée
8130:
8129:
8125:
8119:Wayback Machine
8108:
8104:
8098:Wayback Machine
8087:
8083:
8077:Wayback Machine
8066:Wayback Machine
8052:
8048:
8038:
8036:
8023:
8022:
8018:
8008:
8006:
7993:
7992:
7988:
7978:
7976:
7961:
7954:
7944:
7942:
7922:
7918:
7910:
7906:
7901:
7897:
7875:
7874:
7870:
7860:
7858:
7851:
7829:
7822:
7799:
7792:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7761:
7756:
7755:
7751:
7741:
7739:
7738:on 4 March 2009
7722:
7718:
7710:
7706:
7698:
7694:
7686:
7682:
7675:
7674:978-041521478-0
7653:
7649:
7633:
7627:
7623:
7601:
7599:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7581:Wayback Machine
7541:
7537:
7527:
7525:
7518:
7517:978-140511044-0
7500:
7496:
7486:
7484:
7477:
7476:978-113738460-7
7461:
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7445:
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7436:Wayback Machine
7422:
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7413:Wayback Machine
7403:
7399:
7392:
7378:
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7367:
7353:
7349:
7326:10.2307/1432992
7310:
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6753:
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6733:
6724:
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6713:
6693:
6686:
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6674:
6659:
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6642:
6634:
6630:
6621:
6617:
6609:
6605:
6597:
6593:
6583:
6581:
6574:
6573:978-159884741-3
6566:. p. 345.
6554:
6550:
6540:
6538:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6512:
6503:
6496:
6476:
6472:
6464:
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6433:
6429:
6421:
6417:
6409:
6405:
6397:
6393:
6385:
6381:
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6369:
6361:
6357:
6344:
6340:
6320:
6316:
6308:
6304:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6253:
6249:
6241:
6237:
6229:
6222:
6212:
6210:
6200:
6196:
6187:
6183:
6173:Wayback Machine
6164:
6160:
6150:
6148:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6122:
6118:
6108:
6106:
6093:
6089:
6077:Wayback Machine
6068:
6064:
6050:Wayback Machine
6032:
6028:
6018:
6016:
6009:The Japan Times
6001:
5994:
5979:
5963:
5959:
5944:
5928:
5924:
5912:
5908:
5893:
5877:
5873:
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5783:
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5571:
5563:
5559:
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5523:
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5504:
5493:
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5470:
5452:
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5439:
5432:
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5420:
5412:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5388:
5384:
5370:
5368:
5361:
5342:
5338:
5330:
5326:
5318:
5314:
5306:
5297:
5289:
5278:
5270:
5266:
5258:
5254:
5250:, pp. 7–8.
5246:
5242:
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5230:
5222:
5218:
5211:
5195:
5191:
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5179:
5171:
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5135:
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5123:
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5106:
5098:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5049:
5040:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5003:
4995:
4991:
4983:
4979:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4941:
4939:
4932:
4916:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4887:Matthew White.
4885:
4878:
4861:
4854:
4831:
4824:
4819:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4711:prisoner of war
4535:
4529:
4412:Shunrō Oshikawa
4326:Heihachirō Tōgō
4304:George Griffith
4292:
4276:epistolary poem
4267:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4242:Blaise Cendrars
4230:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4202:
4138:
4121:Mykola Samokysh
4073:
4068:
4066:Cultural legacy
4027:Battle of Shaho
3911:
3905:
3903:List of battles
3854:
3848:
3799:Battle of Shaho
3791:
3785:
3751:, New Zealand;
3721:Mukden Incident
3700:Japanese Empire
3650:Black Sea Fleet
3646:
3640:
3630:
3531:
3494:Angelo Agostini
3478:
3473:
3448:Sakhalin Island
3435:
3423:Main articles:
3421:
3413:Józef Piłsudski
3379:
3367:Austria-Hungary
3345:
3307:, 1904 or 1905.
3293:
3261:George E. Mowry
3155:
3149:
3144:
3136:suing for peace
3081:Tsushima Strait
3052:Tōgō Heihachirō
3038:
3032:
3007:
3001:
2985:
2979:
2971:Battle of Shaho
2944:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2881:
2879:
2869:
2857:
2846:
2809:
2768:
2751:
2710:Wilgelm Vitgeft
2702:
2696:
2670:
2649:
2632:Anatoly Stessel
2589:
2583:
2575:Wilgelm Vitgeft
2504:pre-dreadnought
2484:
2472:Kuroki Tamemoto
2425:Tōgō Heihachirō
2409:
2403:
2394:
2350:British Embassy
2328:Japan issued a
2326:
2079:
2038:
2021:
2016:
1843:Austria-Hungary
1798:Maurice Rouvier
1776:
1732:
1707:
1701:
1699:Boxer Rebellion
1656:Boxer Rebellion
1635:
1588:Gojong of Korea
1519:
1491:
1445:
1377:Keio University
1369:
1364:
1259:warm-water port
1228:Empire of Japan
1212:
1183:
1044:Triple Alliance
968:
963:
949:China (1937–45)
920:Tsingtao (1914)
907:
856:
852:Empire of Japan
851:
848:
846:
816:
811:
777:2nd Port Arthur
741:
699:1st Port Arthur
682:
677:
675:
673:
614:
592:74,369 captured
589:146,032 wounded
539:
529:
527:
517:
515:
511:Tōgō Heihachirō
505:
503:
493:
491:
487:Kuroki Tamemoto
481:
479:
469:
467:
457:
455:
445:
443:
433:
431:
421:
419:
407:
405:
399:
388:
386:
385:
375:
373:
364:
360:Wilgelm Vitgeft
354:
352:
351:
343:
333:
331:
321:
319:
309:
307:
297:
295:
285:Anatoly Stessel
279:
277:
269:
259:
257:
247:
245:
233:
231:
218:
206:
204:
197:
185:
183:
138:
124:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13844:
13834:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13778:
13773:
13768:
13751:
13750:
13748:
13747:
13742:
13737:
13735:Takadaya Kahei
13732:
13727:
13722:
13716:
13714:
13710:
13709:
13707:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13690:
13689:
13679:
13674:
13669:
13664:
13658:
13656:
13652:
13651:
13649:
13648:
13646:Yuzhno-Kurilsk
13643:
13641:Severo-Kurilsk
13638:
13632:
13630:
13626:
13625:
13623:
13622:
13617:
13612:
13607:
13602:
13596:
13594:
13590:
13589:
13587:
13586:
13581:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13536:
13531:
13526:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13501:
13496:
13491:
13486:
13481:
13476:
13471:
13466:
13461:
13456:
13451:
13446:
13441:
13436:
13431:
13426:
13421:
13416:
13411:
13406:
13401:
13396:
13391:
13386:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13360:
13358:
13354:
13353:
13351:
13350:
13345:
13340:
13335:
13330:
13325:
13320:
13315:
13310:
13305:
13300:
13295:
13290:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13250:
13245:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13228:Atlasov Island
13225:
13219:
13217:
13213:
13212:
13205:
13204:
13197:
13190:
13182:
13173:
13172:
13170:
13169:
13164:
13163:
13162:
13161:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13142:
13137:
13127:
13122:
13120:Russo-Japanese
13117:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13085:Anglo-Egyptian
13082:
13076:
13074:
13070:
13069:
13067:
13066:
13061:
13059:Bosnian Crisis
13056:
13055:
13054:
13044:
13043:
13042:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13011:
13010:
13008:Austro-Italian
13005:
13004:
13003:
12998:
12983:
12976:
12971:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12940:
12938:
12934:
12933:
12931:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12909:
12908:
12906:Martens Clause
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12872:
12871:
12861:
12855:
12853:
12847:
12846:
12844:
12843:
12842:
12841:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12820:
12819:
12818:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12792:
12791:
12790:
12788:Egyptian Lever
12775:
12773:Pax Britannica
12770:
12769:
12768:
12758:
12757:
12756:
12754:Sovereign debt
12751:
12746:
12736:
12730:
12728:
12724:
12723:
12721:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12705:
12700:
12699:
12698:
12693:
12688:
12681:Triple Entente
12678:
12677:
12676:
12665:
12663:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12655:
12650:
12648:United Kingdom
12645:
12640:
12635:
12630:
12625:
12620:
12614:
12612:
12608:
12607:
12600:
12599:
12592:
12585:
12577:
12568:
12567:
12565:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12547:Russian Winter
12543:
12540:
12539:
12537:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12515:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12489:
12483:
12481:
12475:
12474:
12472:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12416:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12391:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12374:Vlora incident
12371:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12346:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12325:
12324:
12319:
12314:
12313:
12312:
12302:
12297:
12292:
12287:
12286:
12285:
12275:
12270:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12202:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12165:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12144:
12139:
12137:Sochi conflict
12134:
12129:
12124:
12123:
12122:
12107:
12106:
12105:
12095:
12090:
12084:
12082:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12072:
12071:
12070:
12060:
12055:
12054:
12053:
12048:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12027:
12026:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11995:
11994:
11989:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11889:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11869:
11863:
11858:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11836:
11834:
11828:
11827:
11825:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11734:
11732:
11726:
11725:
11723:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11657:
11651:
11649:
11645:
11644:
11641:
11640:
11638:
11637:
11632:
11631:
11630:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11569:
11567:
11563:
11562:
11560:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11523:
11517:
11513:
11512:
11491:
11490:
11483:
11476:
11468:
11459:
11458:
11456:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11420:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11389:
11387:
11383:
11382:
11379:
11378:
11376:
11375:
11374:
11373:
11362:
11360:
11356:
11355:
11353:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11306:
11304:
11298:
11297:
11295:
11294:
11289:
11287:State of Burma
11284:
11279:
11274:
11269:
11264:
11258:
11256:
11252:
11251:
11249:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11215:
11213:
11206:
11202:
11201:
11198:
11197:
11195:
11194:
11189:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11108:Musha Incident
11105:
11100:
11098:Jinan incident
11095:
11089:
11087:
11081:
11080:
11078:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11031:
11030:
11019:
11017:
11011:
11010:
11008:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10955:Beipu uprising
10952:
10946:
10944:
10939:
10933:
10929:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10921:
10919:Treaty Faction
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10890:
10888:
10883:
10880:
10879:
10877:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10849:Imperial Guard
10846:
10841:
10836:
10830:
10828:
10823:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10790:
10789:
10774:
10773:
10772:
10767:
10756:
10754:
10749:
10743:
10739:
10738:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10731:
10730:
10729:
10724:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10698:
10696:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10616:
10614:
10609:Administration
10607:
10601:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10568:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10548:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10502:
10500:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10492:
10487:
10486:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10460:
10455:
10449:
10447:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10439:
10431:
10423:
10414:
10412:
10408:
10407:
10400:
10398:
10396:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10374:
10373:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10307:
10305:
10301:
10300:
10293:
10292:
10285:
10278:
10270:
10264:
10263:
10253:
10248:
10238:
10219:
10207:
10190:
10184:
10178:
10172:
10159:
10150:
10132:
10131:External links
10129:
10128:
10127:
10117:
10107:
10092:
10083:
10082:Historiography
10080:
10079:
10078:
10068:
10057:
10050:
10043:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10028:
10021:
10015:
10002:
9979:
9956:
9949:
9934:
9928:
9905:
9899:
9886:
9879:
9862:
9841:
9814:Morris, Edmund
9811:
9797:
9783:
9764:
9754:
9732:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9696:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9672:
9666:
9653:
9647:
9634:
9628:
9615:
9609:
9594:
9588:
9575:
9564:
9558:
9541:
9535:
9518:
9512:
9499:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9440:(1): 250–251.
9423:
9406:
9400:
9387:
9373:
9355:
9337:
9319:
9301:
9295:
9282:
9276:
9263:
9257:
9244:
9230:
9202:(April 1906).
9196:
9175:
9169:
9154:
9131:
9113:
9098:
9093:978-0230205468
9092:
9079:
9073:
9060:
9046:
9024:10.2307/129919
9018:(4): 396–411.
9005:
8999:
8984:
8964:
8948:
8942:
8929:
8918:
8913:Main article:
8910:
8907:
8904:
8903:
8873:
8856:
8823:
8793:
8763:
8749:
8733:Derek Linney,
8726:
8697:
8680:
8651:
8622:
8593:
8564:
8535:
8505:
8476:
8453:
8424:
8388:
8381:
8363:
8346:
8327:
8307:
8296:on 9 June 2015
8275:
8251:
8229:
8196:
8153:
8123:
8102:
8081:
8046:
8029:New York Times
8016:
7986:
7952:
7916:
7912:Steinberg 2008
7904:
7895:
7868:
7849:
7820:
7790:
7749:
7716:
7704:
7692:
7690:, p. 844.
7680:
7673:
7647:
7621:
7584:
7535:
7516:
7494:
7475:
7455:
7439:
7425:Trans-Himalaya
7416:
7397:
7390:
7372:
7365:
7347:
7304:
7255:
7208:
7196:
7192:Steinberg 2008
7184:
7180:Steinberg 2008
7172:
7160:
7156:Steinberg 2008
7143:
7117:
7115:, p. 342.
7105:
7069:
7048:
7029:
7007:
6973:
6954:
6934:
6922:
6907:
6881:
6851:
6840:. 16 June 2006
6825:
6787:
6770:
6751:
6731:
6718:
6711:
6684:
6667:New York Times
6652:
6650:, p. 272.
6640:
6628:
6615:
6603:
6591:
6572:
6548:
6518:
6501:
6494:
6488:. p. 35.
6470:
6451:
6439:
6427:
6415:
6403:
6391:
6379:
6367:
6355:
6338:
6314:
6302:
6290:
6247:
6235:
6220:
6194:
6181:
6158:
6128:
6116:
6087:
6085:, 21 Aug. 2018
6062:
6026:
6003:Hiroaki Sato.
5992:
5977:
5957:
5942:
5922:
5906:
5891:
5871:
5856:
5831:
5816:
5796:
5781:
5758:
5743:
5723:
5711:
5699:
5687:
5664:
5662:, p. 397.
5652:
5633:
5613:
5611:, p. 411.
5601:
5599:, p. 269.
5584:
5582:, p. 263.
5569:
5567:, p. 164.
5557:
5529:
5527:, p. 101.
5510:
5491:
5468:
5445:
5443:, p. 102.
5430:
5418:
5406:
5404:, p. 163.
5394:
5382:
5359:
5336:
5334:, p. 183.
5324:
5322:, p. 182.
5312:
5310:, p. 165.
5295:
5293:, p. 121.
5276:
5264:
5262:, p. 320.
5252:
5240:
5228:
5226:, p. 317.
5216:
5209:
5189:
5164:
5152:
5133:
5121:
5119:, p. 137.
5104:
5085:
5055:
5038:
5026:
5001:
4989:
4977:
4964:
4960:Steinberg 2008
4952:
4930:
4910:
4876:
4852:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4764:Outline of war
4761:
4759:Kaneko Kentarō
4756:
4750:
4749:
4735:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4674:
4662:
4654:
4634:
4625:Toshiro Mifune
4616:
4604:
4592:
4589:Toshiro Mifune
4568:
4560:
4552:
4548:Kreiser Varyag
4544:
4528:
4525:
4508:Erast Fandorin
4482:Valentin Pikul
4389:For the Mikado
4349:Herbert Strang
4291:
4288:
4253:
4220:
4201:
4198:
4142:Amurskie volny
4137:
4134:
4129:Niko Pirosmani
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4044:
4037:
4036:: Inconclusive
4030:
4029:: Inconclusive
4023:
4016:
4009:
3998:
3987:
3976:
3971:31 July 1904:
3969:
3964:24 July 1904:
3962:
3957:17 July 1904:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3923:
3922:, inconclusive
3904:
3901:
3847:
3844:
3821:In 1904–1905,
3787:Main article:
3784:
3781:
3678:trench warfare
3645:
3642:
3632:Rosa Luxemburg
3628:
3615:Józef Mehoffer
3594:Ottoman Empire
3565:Ottoman Empire
3530:
3527:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3420:
3417:
3378:
3375:
3344:
3341:
3329:ritual suicide
3292:
3289:
3281:Akiko Yamanaka
3277:prime minister
3195:Inuyama, Aichi
3151:Main article:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3092:Combined Fleet
3034:Main article:
3031:
3028:
3003:Main article:
3000:
2997:
2981:Main article:
2978:
2975:
2946:
2945:
2860:
2858:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2808:
2805:
2767:
2764:
2706:Stepan Makarov
2698:Main article:
2695:
2692:
2669:
2666:
2648:
2645:
2605:L/10 howitzers
2585:Main article:
2582:
2579:
2483:
2480:
2468:Emperor Gojong
2405:Main article:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2283:Torpedo Boats
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2078:
2075:
2037:
2034:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1731:
1728:
1713:Troops of the
1700:
1697:
1634:
1631:
1518:
1515:
1490:
1487:
1477:Masao Maruyama
1444:
1441:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1319:Russian Empire
1224:Russian Empire
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1140:Bosnian Crisis
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
990:
987:
986:
978:
977:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
933:
932:
927:
922:
909:
908:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
875:Ganghwa (1875)
872:
861:
858:
857:
845:
844:
837:
830:
822:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
706:
701:
688:
687:
684:
683:
672:
671:
664:
657:
649:
641:
640:
639:
638:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
608:
607:
606:
603:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
573:
572:
568:
567:
566:
565:
564:650,000 (peak)
557:
556:
555:
554:700,000 (peak)
546:
545:
541:
540:
538:
537:
525:
513:
501:
489:
477:
465:
463:Kodama Gentarō
453:
441:
429:
417:
402:
400:
398:
397:
383:
371:
349:
339:Stepan Makarov
329:
317:
305:
293:
275:
255:
243:
228:
225:
224:
220:
219:
217:
216:
200:
198:
196:
195:
179:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
140:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
108:
106:
102:
101:
98:
90:
89:
60:under fire at
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13843:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13781:1905 in Japan
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13771:1904 in Japan
13769:
13767:
13764:
13763:
13761:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13740:Matsumae clan
13738:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13717:
13715:
13711:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13688:
13685:
13684:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13673:
13670:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13660:
13659:
13657:
13653:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13633:
13631:
13627:
13621:
13618:
13616:
13615:Cape Koritsky
13613:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13600:Bussol Strait
13598:
13597:
13595:
13591:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13537:
13535:
13532:
13530:
13529:Sarychev Peak
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13497:
13495:
13492:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13482:
13480:
13477:
13475:
13472:
13470:
13469:Kolokol Group
13467:
13465:
13462:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13445:
13442:
13440:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13420:
13417:
13415:
13412:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13384:Bogatyr Ridge
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13361:
13359:
13355:
13349:
13346:
13344:
13341:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13329:
13326:
13324:
13321:
13319:
13316:
13314:
13311:
13309:
13306:
13304:
13301:
13299:
13296:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13246:
13244:
13241:
13239:
13236:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13220:
13218:
13214:
13210:
13209:Kuril Islands
13203:
13198:
13196:
13191:
13189:
13184:
13183:
13180:
13168:
13165:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13145:
13143:
13141:
13138:
13136:
13133:
13132:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13125:Italo-Turkish
13123:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13080:Russo-Turkish
13078:
13077:
13075:
13071:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13053:
13052:Treaty of Fes
13050:
13049:
13048:
13047:Agadir Crisis
13045:
13041:
13038:
13037:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13009:
13006:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12996:
12992:
12991:
12990:
12987:
12986:
12984:
12982:
12981:
12977:
12975:
12972:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12941:
12939:
12935:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12907:
12904:
12903:
12902:
12899:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12870:
12867:
12866:
12865:
12862:
12860:
12857:
12856:
12854:
12848:
12840:
12837:
12836:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12797:
12796:
12793:
12789:
12786:
12785:
12784:
12781:
12780:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12767:
12764:
12763:
12762:
12759:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12741:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12731:
12729:
12725:
12719:
12718:Balkan League
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12697:
12694:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12684:
12683:
12682:
12679:
12675:
12674:Dual Alliance
12672:
12671:
12670:
12667:
12666:
12664:
12660:
12654:
12653:United States
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12615:
12613:
12609:
12605:
12598:
12593:
12591:
12586:
12584:
12579:
12578:
12575:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12541:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12513:
12512:2022 invasion
12510:
12508:
12507:War in Donbas
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12494:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12484:
12482:
12476:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12395:
12392:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12344:Ili Rebellion
12342:
12340:
12337:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12311:
12308:
12307:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12293:
12291:
12288:
12284:
12281:
12280:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12265:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12242:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12149:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12121:
12118:
12117:
12116:
12113:
12112:
12111:
12108:
12104:
12101:
12100:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12085:
12083:
12077:
12069:
12066:
12065:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12043:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11984:
11983:
11982:Caucasian War
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11837:
11835:
11829:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11735:
11733:
11727:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11652:
11650:
11646:
11636:
11633:
11629:
11626:
11625:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11564:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11524:
11521:
11518:
11514:
11509:
11505:
11501:
11497:
11489:
11484:
11482:
11477:
11475:
11470:
11469:
11466:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11398:Fukoku kyōhei
11396:
11394:
11391:
11390:
11388:
11384:
11372:
11369:
11368:
11367:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11357:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11307:
11305:
11303:
11299:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11259:
11257:
11255:Puppet states
11253:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11226:
11225:
11220:
11217:
11216:
11214:
11210:
11207:
11203:
11193:
11190:
11187:
11183:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11090:
11088:
11086:
11082:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11029:
11026:
11025:
11024:
11021:
11020:
11018:
11016:
11012:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10937:
10934:
10930:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10914:Fleet Faction
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10894:General Staff
10892:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10881:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10834:General Staff
10832:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10821:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10788:
10787:military code
10786:
10782:
10781:
10780:
10779:
10775:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10762:
10761:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10747:
10744:
10740:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10719:
10718:
10717:Imperial Diet
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10707:Privy Council
10705:
10703:
10700:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10687:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10625:Home Ministry
10623:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10605:
10602:
10598:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10497:
10491:
10488:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10468:Imperial Seal
10466:
10465:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10453:Flag of Japan
10451:
10450:
10448:
10444:
10438:
10432:
10430:
10424:
10422:
10416:
10415:
10413:
10409:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10302:
10298:
10291:
10286:
10284:
10279:
10277:
10272:
10271:
10268:
10262:
10258:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10246:
10242:
10239:
10234:
10232:
10225:
10220:
10217:
10216:
10211:
10210:CSmonitor.com
10208:
10205:
10201:
10197:
10194:
10191:
10188:
10185:
10182:
10179:
10176:
10173:
10170:
10166:
10163:
10160:
10156:
10151:
10147:
10146:
10140:
10135:
10134:
10126:
10122:
10118:
10116:
10112:
10108:
10105:
10104:0-87021-359-8
10101:
10097:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10085:
10077:
10073:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10058:
10055:
10051:
10048:
10044:
10041:
10037:
10036:
10033:Illustrations
10026:
10022:
10018:
10012:
10008:
10003:
9991:
9987:
9986:
9980:
9968:
9964:
9963:
9957:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9946:0-465-05792-6
9943:
9939:
9935:
9931:
9925:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9912:
9906:
9902:
9896:
9892:
9887:
9884:
9880:
9877:
9876:
9870:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9836:
9832:
9828:
9825:
9821:
9820:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9806:
9802:
9798:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9784:
9781:
9780:0-415-54582-X
9777:
9776:0-8108-4927-5
9773:
9770:. Scarecrow.
9769:
9765:
9762:
9758:
9757:Kowner, Rotem
9755:
9752:
9751:0-87021-893-X
9748:
9744:
9740:
9737:
9733:
9731:(Tokyo, 1904)
9730:
9729:
9724:
9721:
9717:
9714:
9710:
9708:
9704:
9701:
9697:
9694:
9693:1-55750-129-7
9690:
9686:
9682:
9681:
9669:
9663:
9659:
9654:
9650:
9648:0-333-63742-9
9644:
9641:. Macmillan.
9640:
9635:
9631:
9629:0-85368-912-1
9625:
9621:
9616:
9612:
9610:9780883270318
9606:
9602:
9601:
9595:
9591:
9585:
9581:
9576:
9572:
9571:
9565:
9561:
9555:
9551:
9547:
9542:
9538:
9532:
9527:
9526:
9519:
9515:
9509:
9506:. Routledge.
9505:
9500:
9496:
9492:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9472:
9468:
9467:
9461:
9455:
9451:
9447:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9430:
9429:
9426:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9407:
9403:
9401:0-7385-0508-0
9397:
9393:
9388:
9385:
9379:
9374:
9362:
9358:
9352:
9348:
9347:
9342:
9338:
9326:
9322:
9320:0-521-81714-5
9316:
9312:
9311:
9306:
9305:Paine, S.C.M.
9302:
9298:
9292:
9288:
9283:
9279:
9273:
9269:
9264:
9260:
9254:
9250:
9245:
9242:
9236:
9231:
9219:
9215:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9188:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9172:
9170:0-375-40052-4
9166:
9162:
9161:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9144:(1): 95–103.
9143:
9139:
9138:
9132:
9120:
9116:
9110:
9106:
9105:
9099:
9095:
9089:
9085:
9080:
9076:
9070:
9066:
9061:
9058:
9052:
9047:
9045:
9041:
9038:
9033:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9012:
9006:
9002:
8996:
8992:
8991:
8985:
8981:
8975:
8967:
8965:0-415-00906-5
8961:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8943:0-297-84913-1
8939:
8935:
8930:
8926:
8925:
8920:
8919:
8916:
8891:
8887:
8883:
8877:
8871:
8867:
8866:
8860:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8835:
8827:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8797:
8781:
8777:
8773:
8767:
8759:
8753:
8747:
8743:
8740:
8736:
8730:
8714:
8710:
8709:
8701:
8693:
8692:
8684:
8668:
8664:
8663:
8655:
8639:
8635:
8634:
8626:
8610:
8606:
8605:
8597:
8581:
8577:
8576:
8568:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8539:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8509:
8493:
8489:
8488:
8480:
8474:
8470:
8467:
8463:
8457:
8441:
8437:
8436:
8428:
8412:
8409:(12): 40–41.
8408:
8404:
8400:
8392:
8384:
8378:
8374:
8367:
8359:
8358:
8350:
8334:
8330:
8328:9780520202375
8324:
8320:
8319:
8311:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8279:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8255:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8233:
8226:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8209:
8206:
8200:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8157:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8127:
8120:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8106:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8085:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8060:
8056:
8050:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8020:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7990:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7959:
7957:
7940:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7927:
7926:"Asia Rising"
7920:
7913:
7908:
7899:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7872:
7856:
7852:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7827:
7825:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7797:
7795:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7720:
7713:
7712:Strachan 2003
7708:
7701:
7696:
7689:
7688:Strachan 2003
7684:
7676:
7670:
7666:
7661:
7660:
7651:
7643:
7639:
7638:History Today
7632:
7625:
7617:
7616:Le Socialiste
7613:
7598:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7539:
7523:
7519:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7498:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7468:
7467:
7459:
7452:
7449:, p. 24(
7448:
7443:
7437:
7433:
7430:
7426:
7420:
7414:
7410:
7407:
7401:
7393:
7387:
7383:
7376:
7368:
7362:
7358:
7351:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7308:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7267:
7259:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7212:
7206:, p. 83.
7205:
7200:
7193:
7188:
7181:
7176:
7170:, p. 84.
7169:
7164:
7157:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7114:
7109:
7092:
7088:
7083:
7076:
7074:
7065:
7061:
7060:
7052:
7036:
7032:
7030:1-873410-86-7
7026:
7022:
7018:
7011:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6977:
6961:
6957:
6955:0-8047-2327-3
6951:
6947:
6946:
6938:
6931:
6926:
6920:, p. 86.
6919:
6914:
6912:
6896:
6895:Russia Beyond
6892:
6885:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6855:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6794:
6792:
6783:
6782:
6774:
6758:
6754:
6752:9780813111742
6748:
6744:
6743:
6735:
6728:
6722:
6714:
6712:0-85345-386-1
6708:
6704:
6700:
6699:
6691:
6689:
6672:
6668:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6644:
6637:
6632:
6625:
6619:
6612:
6607:
6601:, p. 22.
6600:
6595:
6579:
6575:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6552:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6522:
6516:, p. 85.
6515:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6497:
6495:9780367438654
6491:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6474:
6468:, p. 84.
6467:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6449:, p. 53.
6448:
6443:
6437:, p. 50.
6436:
6431:
6424:
6419:
6413:, p. 86.
6412:
6407:
6401:, p. 65.
6400:
6395:
6388:
6383:
6377:, p. 55.
6376:
6371:
6365:, p. 42.
6364:
6359:
6351:
6350:
6342:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6318:
6311:
6306:
6299:
6294:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6239:
6232:
6227:
6225:
6209:
6208:Russia Beyond
6205:
6198:
6191:
6185:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6162:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6126:, p. 34.
6125:
6120:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6091:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6066:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6035:Enjiro Yamaza
6030:
6014:
6010:
6006:
5999:
5997:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5978:0-304-36657-9
5974:
5970:
5969:
5961:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5910:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5884:
5883:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5857:0-304-36657-9
5853:
5849:
5848:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5782:0-304-36657-9
5778:
5774:
5773:
5765:
5763:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5744:0-304-36657-9
5740:
5736:
5735:
5727:
5721:, p. 21.
5720:
5715:
5708:
5703:
5697:, p. 42.
5696:
5691:
5684:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5661:
5656:
5640:
5636:
5634:0-8179-6583-1
5630:
5626:
5625:
5617:
5610:
5605:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5581:
5576:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5536:
5534:
5526:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5507:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5472:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5427:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5403:
5398:
5391:
5386:
5379:
5366:
5362:
5360:9780521844314
5356:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5340:
5333:
5328:
5321:
5316:
5309:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5292:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5274:, p. 96.
5273:
5268:
5261:
5256:
5249:
5244:
5238:, p. 11.
5237:
5232:
5225:
5220:
5212:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5161:
5156:
5149:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5130:
5125:
5118:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5101:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5053:, p. 20.
5052:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5035:
5030:
5024:, p. 17.
5023:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5006:
4999:, p. 16.
4998:
4993:
4986:
4981:
4974:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4949:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4914:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4881:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4859:
4857:
4848:
4844:
4841:. p. 6.
4840:
4836:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
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4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4736:
4733:
4732:Russia portal
4722:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4690:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4643:Sidney Reilly
4640:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4620:Battle Anthem
4617:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4576:
4575:
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4557:
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4550:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4515:Shiba Ryōtarō
4511:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4472:
4468:
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4460:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4420:Kaitei Gunkan
4417:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4401:naval fiction
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4338:
4335:, before the
4334:
4333:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4236:
4235:Emperor Meiji
4229:
4218:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4206:Nogi Maresuke
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4161:Stepan Petrov
4158:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4117:Petropavlovsk
4114:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4077:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
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3960:
3956:
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3924:
3921:
3917:
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3910:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:gold reserves
3853:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3832:field marshal
3828:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3757:British India
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3713:Kwantung Army
3710:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3637:
3636:Le Socialiste
3633:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
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3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
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3524:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3468:
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3449:
3445:
3439:
3434:
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3403:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:Emperor Meiji
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3306:
3302:
3301:woodcut print
3297:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
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3267:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:Bloody Sunday
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3090:The Japanese
3088:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3037:
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3006:
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2990:
2984:
2974:
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2964:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2939:
2931:
2928:February 2018
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889: –
2888:
2884:
2883:Find sources:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2861:This section
2859:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2797:
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2772:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2641:court-martial
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:capital ships
2606:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:Petropavlovsk
2517:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:Petropavlovsk
2505:
2500:
2498:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2336:attacked the
2335:
2331:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:Total Russia
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2011:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1900:accomplished.
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1753:Komura Jutarō
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:Korean Empire
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:Gyeongbokgung
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:Beiyang Fleet
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1535:against China
1528:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1461:Imperial Diet
1458:
1454:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:39th parallel
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Pacific Ocean
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:Korean Empire
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:Dual Alliance
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
992:
991:
989:
988:
984:
980:
979:
976:
972:
971:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
939:
938:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
915:
914:
913:Taishō period
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:Ryukyu (1879)
878:
876:
873:
871:
870:Taiwan (1874)
868:
867:
866:
865:
859:
854:
843:
838:
836:
831:
829:
824:
823:
820:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
747:
746:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
711:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
694:
693:
692:Naval battles
685:
680:
670:
665:
663:
658:
656:
651:
650:
647:
636:
635:
634:
633:
626:
623:
620:
617:
616:
615:
613:
609:
604:
601:
600:
599:
598:
591:
588:
585:
582:
581:
580:
579:
575:
574:
569:
563:
562:
561:
558:
553:
552:
551:
548:
547:
542:
536:
526:
524:
514:
512:
502:
500:
490:
488:
478:
476:
475:Nogi Maresuke
466:
464:
454:
452:
442:
440:
430:
428:
418:
416:
415:
414:Emperor Meiji
404:
403:
401:
395:
384:
382:
372:
369:
367:
361:
350:
348:
346:
340:
330:
328:
318:
316:
306:
304:
294:
291:
286:
276:
274:
272:
266:
256:
254:
244:
242:
241:
230:
229:
227:
226:
221:
214:
202:
201:
199:
193:
181:
180:
178:
177:
172:
161:
157:
154:
153:
151:
147:
144:Russia cedes
143:
142:
141:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
103:
99:
96:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
79:
74:
73:
67:
63:
59:
58:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
13671:
13484:Lvinaya Past
13444:Grozny Group
13119:
12993:
12989:Anglo-German
12978:
12850:Treaties and
12611:Great powers
12263:World War II
12087:
11787:Smolensk War
11753:Livonian War
11386:Other topics
11222:
11060:Taishō Roman
10994:
10814:Conscription
10784:
10776:
10751:Armed Forces
10611:(ministries)
10511:Charter Oath
10506:Constitution
10388:State Shinto
10371:Essentialism
10321:Demographics
10244:
10241:Stanford.edu
10230:
10213:
10143:
10120:
10110:
10095:
10088:
10071:
10062:
10053:
10046:
10039:
10024:
10006:
9994:. Retrieved
9984:
9971:. Retrieved
9961:
9955:28#3 (2016).
9952:
9937:
9910:
9890:
9882:
9874:
9868:
9847:
9824:Google Books
9819:Theodore Rex
9817:
9800:
9786:
9767:
9760:
9742:
9735:
9726:
9719:
9712:
9684:
9657:
9638:
9619:
9599:
9579:
9569:
9545:
9524:
9503:
9470:
9464:
9437:
9433:
9410:
9391:
9377:
9367:16 September
9365:. Retrieved
9345:
9331:20 September
9329:. Retrieved
9309:
9286:
9267:
9248:
9234:
9222:. Retrieved
9213:
9209:
9182:
9178:
9159:
9141:
9135:
9125:20 September
9123:. Retrieved
9103:
9083:
9064:
9050:
9015:
9009:
8989:
8955:
8933:
8923:
8909:Bibliography
8894:. Retrieved
8885:
8876:
8864:
8859:
8849:20 September
8847:. Retrieved
8833:
8826:
8814:. Retrieved
8805:
8796:
8784:. Retrieved
8775:
8766:
8752:
8734:
8729:
8717:. Retrieved
8707:
8700:
8690:
8683:
8671:. Retrieved
8661:
8654:
8642:. Retrieved
8632:
8625:
8613:. Retrieved
8603:
8596:
8584:. Retrieved
8574:
8567:
8555:. Retrieved
8545:
8538:
8526:. Retrieved
8522:the original
8517:
8508:
8496:. Retrieved
8486:
8479:
8461:
8456:
8444:. Retrieved
8434:
8427:
8415:. Retrieved
8406:
8402:
8391:
8372:
8366:
8356:
8349:
8337:. Retrieved
8317:
8310:
8298:. Retrieved
8294:the original
8289:
8278:
8254:
8246:the original
8241:
8232:
8216:
8199:
8175:. Retrieved
8166:
8156:
8144:. Retrieved
8140:the original
8135:
8126:
8111:Amur's Waves
8110:
8105:
8089:
8084:
8049:
8037:. Retrieved
8028:
8019:
8007:. Retrieved
7998:
7989:
7977:. Retrieved
7973:the original
7968:
7943:. Retrieved
7929:
7919:
7914:, p. 5.
7907:
7898:
7881:
7877:
7871:
7859:. Retrieved
7836:
7809:(1): 59–73.
7806:
7802:
7783:12 September
7781:. Retrieved
7765:
7752:
7740:. Retrieved
7736:the original
7726:
7719:
7707:
7695:
7683:
7658:
7650:
7641:
7637:
7624:
7615:
7600:. Retrieved
7596:
7587:
7571:
7551:(1): 50–69.
7548:
7544:
7538:
7526:. Retrieved
7507:
7497:
7487:20 September
7485:. Retrieved
7465:
7458:
7451:Google Books
7442:
7424:
7423:Sven Hedin,
7419:
7400:
7381:
7375:
7356:
7350:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7270:
7264:
7258:
7221:
7217:
7211:
7199:
7194:, p. 3.
7187:
7182:, p. 6.
7175:
7163:
7158:, p. 7.
7134:. Retrieved
7120:
7108:
7095:. Retrieved
7086:
7063:
7057:
7051:
7039:. Retrieved
7020:
7010:
6998:. Retrieved
6986:
6976:
6964:. Retrieved
6944:
6937:
6925:
6898:. Retrieved
6894:
6884:
6872:. Retrieved
6863:
6854:
6842:. Retrieved
6837:
6828:
6816:. Retrieved
6807:
6803:
6779:
6773:
6763:20 September
6761:. Retrieved
6741:
6734:
6721:
6697:
6675:. Retrieved
6666:
6655:
6643:
6631:
6623:
6618:
6606:
6594:
6584:20 September
6582:. Retrieved
6558:
6551:
6539:. Retrieved
6530:
6521:
6480:
6473:
6447:Forczyk 2009
6442:
6435:Forczyk 2009
6430:
6423:Forczyk 2009
6418:
6406:
6394:
6387:Chapman 2004
6382:
6375:Chapman 2004
6370:
6363:Chapman 2004
6358:
6348:
6341:
6327:
6317:
6305:
6293:
6283:20 September
6281:. Retrieved
6264:
6260:
6250:
6238:
6211:. Retrieved
6207:
6197:
6189:
6184:
6176:
6161:
6149:. Retrieved
6140:
6131:
6119:
6107:. Retrieved
6097:
6090:
6081:
6065:
6057:
6053:
6038:
6029:
6017:. Retrieved
6008:
5967:
5960:
5932:
5925:
5915:
5909:
5881:
5874:
5846:
5806:
5799:
5771:
5733:
5726:
5714:
5702:
5690:
5672:
5667:
5655:
5645:20 September
5643:. Retrieved
5623:
5616:
5604:
5560:
5551:
5545:
5476:
5471:
5453:
5448:
5421:
5409:
5397:
5385:
5376:
5371:16 September
5369:. Retrieved
5349:
5339:
5327:
5315:
5267:
5255:
5243:
5231:
5219:
5199:
5192:
5180:. Retrieved
5176:
5167:
5155:
5150:, p. 9.
5131:, p. 8.
5124:
5078:25 September
5076:. Retrieved
5067:
5058:
5029:
4992:
4980:
4967:
4962:, p. 2.
4955:
4947:
4940:. Retrieved
4920:
4913:
4901:. Retrieved
4892:
4865:
4834:
4746:Japan portal
4698:
4688:
4676:
4666:Golden Kamuy
4664:
4656:
4636:
4629:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4594:
4584:
4580:佐藤 勝: 日本海大海戦
4572:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4539:
4518:
4512:
4501:
4498:Boris Akunin
4485:
4477:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4463:Frank Thiess
4459:Stalin Prize
4453:
4448:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4396:
4388:
4384:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4342:
4331:
4314:
4312:
4307:
4299:
4296:Allen Upward
4293:
4283:
4279:
4272:Douglas Dunn
4269:
4254:
4245:
4239:
4232:
4221:
4215:Yosano Akiko
4203:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4172:that cruiser
4165:
4157:Ilya Shatrov
4152:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4116:
4110:
4108:statements.
4090:
4082:
4052:naval battle
4006:naval battle
3995:naval battle
3984:naval battle
3931:naval battle
3920:naval battle
3885:Jacob Schiff
3877:
3866:
3856:Despite its
3855:
3820:
3804:
3765:Simon's Town
3733:
3716:
3705:
3682:Jakob Meckel
3674:
3666:
3647:
3635:
3624:
3620:
3608:
3602:
3586:Panchen Lama
3584:visited the
3561:
3544:Yellow Peril
3540:
3520:
3508:
3499:
3457:
3440:
3436:
3410:
3395:
3383:
3380:
3359:
3351:
3318:
3310:
3273:Montenegro's
3270:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3227:Baron Komura
3223:Sergei Witte
3216:
3200:
3121:
3115:Shinano Maru
3113:
3107:rules of war
3103:
3096:
3089:
3085:
3068:Cam Ranh Bay
3057:
3046:
3024:
3016:
2986:
2960:
2934:
2925:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2882:
2870:Please help
2865:verification
2862:
2838:Zhang Zuolin
2832:
2826:
2818:Yellow Peril
2810:
2780:Baltic Fleet
2777:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2722:
2703:
2671:
2659:stations in
2650:
2621:
2601:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2461:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2422:
2395:
2379:
2369:
2354:
2342:
2327:
2129:Battleships
2128:
2107:Battleships
2068:, attacking
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1989:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1920:Katsura Tarō
1916:
1879:
1847:
1839:
1832:
1829:Tirpitz Plan
1816:
1810:
1790:
1785:
1769:Yellow Peril
1766:
1749:Katsura Tarō
1740:
1736:Itō Hirobumi
1733:
1720:
1682:
1664:
1636:
1613:, built the
1611:Jiaozhou Bay
1596:
1552:Qing dynasty
1532:
1495:Central Asia
1492:
1482:
1465:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1323:
1279:
1275:Qing dynasty
1256:
1252:Sea of Japan
1219:
1217:
1103:
937:Shōwa period
935:
934:
911:
910:
905:Korea (1910)
899:
864:Meiji period
862:
745:Land battles
743:
742:
710:Hitachi Maru
709:
704:Chemulpo Bay
690:
689:
676:
631:
630:
611:
610:
596:
595:
577:
576:
559:
549:
523:Itō Sukeyuki
499:Oku Yasukata
427:Katsura Tarō
412:
381:Robert Viren
365:
344:
270:
238:
174:Belligerents
122:Sea of Japan
83:Chemulpo Bay
77:
75:and gunboat
71:
56:
36:
13720:Ainu people
13610:Kasatka Bay
13494:Mendeleyeva
13474:Kuntomintar
13464:Kharimkotan
13394:Chirinkotan
13389:Chikurachki
13323:Shiashkotan
13273:Kharimkotan
13243:Chirinkotan
13167:World War I
13130:Balkan Wars
13115:Second Boer
13100:Banana Wars
13064:July Crisis
12995:Dreadnought
12980:Weltpolitik
12824:Pan-Slavism
12369:Vietnam War
12239: [
12098:World War I
12019:Crimean War
11952:Finnish War
11868:(1740–1748)
11857:(1733–1738)
11782:Ingrian War
11498:(including
11428:Shōwa Modan
11403:Hakkō ichiu
11340:Philippines
11227:after 1943)
11205:Territories
11163:Pacific War
11023:World War I
10899:Air Service
10839:Air Service
10712:Gozen Kaigi
10428:(Yoshihito)
10420:(Mutsuhito)
10366:Nationalism
10311:Agriculture
10157:. EigaNove.
9953:Japan Forum
8339:20 November
8205:Mudcat Café
8183:See also a
7700:Keegan 1999
7574:4 July 2012
7572:Faktografia
7528:20 November
7097:12 February
7041:20 November
7000:1 September
6966:20 November
6930:Warner 1974
6677:12 February
6082:History.com
5660:Esthus 1981
5609:Esthus 1981
5485:, pp.
5462:, pp.
5426:McLean 2003
5291:McLean 2003
5173:"한국사데이터베이스"
5051:Storry 1979
5034:Storry 1979
5022:Storry 1979
4997:Storry 1979
4985:Storry 1979
4784:Baron Rosen
4601:documentary
4540:Port Arthur
4527:Filmography
4393:Kirk Munroe
4379:by Captain
4274:devoted an
4085:lithographs
4071:Visual arts
3769:Cape Colony
3709:Great Power
3605:James Joyce
3574:Sun Yat-sen
3514:, like the
3464:martial law
3313:body counts
3120:"cross the
2963:Port Arthur
2790:around the
2749:Tsesarevich
2723:Tsesarevich
2718:Vladivostok
2657:Indian Army
2454:of Admiral
2434:Tsesarevich
2386:Yuan Shikai
2382:Qing Empire
2263:Destroyers
2066:Crimean war
1999:Nicholas II
1946:trusting us
1882:Roman Rosen
1834:Weltpolitik
1745:Inoue Kaoru
1684:casus belli
1673:. In 1901,
1607:Wei-hai-Wei
1599:Port Arthur
1544:Yuan Shikai
1499:Afghanistan
1404:Inoue Kaoru
1351:great power
1271:Port Arthur
1267:Vladivostok
1176:July Crisis
1164:Balkan Wars
975:World War I
772:Tashihchiao
767:Motien Pass
240:Nicholas II
146:Port Arthur
137:Territorial
62:Port Arthur
13760:Categories
13564:Tri Sestry
13509:Prevo Peak
13449:Ivao Group
13379:Berutarube
13369:Atsonupuri
13303:Paramushir
13288:Makanrushi
12852:agreements
12800:Great Game
12766:Revanchism
12404:Ogaden War
12354:Korean War
12273:Winter War
12142:Heimosodat
11729:Tsardom of
11192:Occupation
11015:Taishō era
10960:Boshin War
10804:War crimes
10600:Government
10576:Tonarigumi
10483:Privy Seal
10478:State Seal
10436:(Hirohito)
10361:Militarism
10316:Censorship
9988:. Dutton.
9850:. London:
9589:0060145161
9473:(1): 1–7.
9067:. Osprey.
8958:. London.
8896:6 November
8786:19 January
8719:16 January
8673:16 January
8644:16 January
8615:16 January
8586:16 January
8557:16 January
8528:16 January
8498:16 January
8446:16 January
8177:17 January
7861:11 January
7772:: 53 n42.
7406:Wikisource
7320:(2): 263.
6900:6 November
6874:17 October
6844:6 November
6818:20 January
6611:Mahan 1906
6599:Watts 1990
6541:19 January
6514:Jukes 2002
6466:Jukes 2002
6331:. London:
6298:Jukes 2002
6273:sn86032152
6267:(3): 260.
6231:Jukes 2002
6213:5 November
6151:28 October
6109:28 October
6060:), p. 121.
5952:1319074558
5901:1319074558
5826:1319074558
5719:Jukes 2002
5707:Jukes 2002
5681:, p.
5260:Paine 2003
5236:Jukes 2002
5224:Paine 2003
5148:Jukes 2002
5129:Jukes 2002
5117:Hwang 2010
5100:Hwang 2010
4942:11 January
4903:17 October
4837:. London:
4817:References
4531:See also:
3907:See also:
3850:See also:
3729:militarism
3582:Sven Hedin
3484:After the
3471:Assessment
3406:the unrest
3362:modern era
3319:After the
3291:Casualties
3191:Meiji-mura
3064:Madagascar
2993:Kuropatkin
2898:newspapers
2788:Cape Route
2476:Yalu River
2148:Ironclads
2096:Black Sea
2087:Ship type
2070:en echelon
1957:agreement!
1939:relations:
1936:Manchurian
1924:free trade
1858:countries.
1773:Wilhelm II
1703:See also:
1479:to write:
1383:After the
1248:Yellow Sea
782:Hsimucheng
752:Yalu River
717:Yellow Sea
439:Ōyama Iwao
114:Yellow Sea
13504:Nemo Peak
13489:Medvezhya
13424:Fuss Peak
13357:Volcanoes
12815:Meiji era
12662:Alliances
12024:Åland War
11992:Murid War
11831:18th–19th
11393:Sonnō jōi
11345:Singapore
11330:Hong Kong
11292:Azad Hind
11267:Mengjiang
11262:Manchukuo
11236:Kantō-shū
11178:Surrender
11085:Shōwa era
11070:Truku War
10941:Meiji era
10909:Tokkeitai
10874:Kempeitai
10785:Senjinkun
10702:Daijō-kan
10665:Munitions
10546:Mokusatsu
10336:Education
10098:. (1977)
9948:. (2002).
9487:1467-9434
9454:161979005
9417:: Brill.
9224:1 January
9216:(2–118).
8974:cite book
7569:See also
7299:145252539
7250:141218786
6995:0362-4331
6486:Routledge
5597:Röhl 2014
5580:Röhl 2014
5565:Röhl 2014
5525:Katō 2007
5506:Katō 2007
5441:Katō 2007
5390:Röhl 2014
5332:Röhl 2014
5320:Röhl 2014
5272:Katō 2007
4703:Matsuyama
4684:ソローキンの見た桜
4613:203 Kochi
4414:'s novel
4345:Boys' Own
4315:Alter Ego
4233:Even the
4210:Mori Ōgai
4170:in which
4105:triptychs
3846:Economics
3761:Fremantle
3744:Trafalgar
3690:offensive
3658:Bosphorus
3607:'s novel
3596:too, the
3523:total war
3516:Red Cross
3490:Red Cross
3393:of 1917.
2833:khunkhuzy
2747:With the
2730:, and 14
2243:Gunboats
2184:Cruisers
1964:sea power
1639:Talienwan
1580:Queen Min
1527:Pyongyang
1453:oligarchy
1394:Seikanron
1232:Manchuria
1166:1912–1913
1160:1911–1912
1142:1908–1909
1124:1906–1908
1118:1905–1906
1106:1904–1905
1082:1898–1912
1076:1894–1895
1064:1887–1890
1058:1885–1888
1040:1881–1903
1034:1880–1902
1032:Boer Wars
1016:1875–1878
1004:1870–1871
998:1866–1871
762:Te-li-Ssu
152:to Japan
110:Manchuria
13574:Ushishur
13534:Shirinki
13434:Golovnin
13374:Baransky
13343:Ushishir
13338:Simushir
13328:Shikotan
13298:Onekotan
13238:Broutona
12557:Cold War
12419:Gulf War
11775:and the
11648:Internal
11504:Imperial
11371:Yen bloc
11359:Ideology
11350:Thailand
11219:Karafuto
11212:Colonies
10799:Kamikaze
10742:Military
10645:Treasury
10499:Policies
10490:Kimigayo
10411:Emperors
10378:Politics
10346:Eugenics
10304:Overview
10196:Archived
10187:Flot.com
10165:Archived
9996:26 April
9990:Archived
9973:26 April
9967:Archived
9869:Tsushima
9827:Archived
9816:(2002).
9703:Archived
9495:20620667
9361:Archived
9343:(2014).
9325:Archived
9307:(2003).
9218:Archived
9190:Archived
9119:Archived
9040:Archived
8954:(1988).
8890:Archived
8843:Archived
8816:29 April
8810:Archived
8780:Archived
8742:Archived
8713:Archived
8667:Archived
8638:Archived
8609:Archived
8580:Archived
8551:Archived
8492:Archived
8469:Archived
8440:Archived
8411:Archived
8333:Archived
8267:Archived
8221:Archived
8208:Archived
8188:Archived
8171:Archived
8115:Archived
8094:Archived
8073:Archived
8062:Archived
8033:Archived
8003:Archived
7999:artdaily
7939:Archived
7890:41562319
7855:Archived
7774:Archived
7602:24 April
7577:Archived
7522:Archived
7481:Archived
7432:Archived
7409:Archived
7342:20373550
7291:40464347
7242:20020056
7136:31 March
7130:Archived
7091:Archived
7066:: 69–96.
7035:Archived
6960:Archived
6868:Archived
6812:Archived
6810:(29/3).
6757:Archived
6671:Archived
6578:Archived
6564:ABC-CLIO
6535:Archived
6325:(1906).
6277:Archived
6169:Archived
6145:Archived
6103:Archived
6073:Archived
6046:Archived
6013:Archived
5987:56444019
5866:56444019
5791:56444019
5753:56444019
5639:Archived
5365:Archived
5072:Archived
4936:Archived
4897:Archived
4847:14739880
4718:See also
4490:February
4467:Tsushima
4449:Tsushima
4127:painter
4101:diptychs
3814:and the
3807:embedded
3749:Auckland
3629:—
3250:Sakhalin
3183:Takahira
3097:Borodino
3060:Nossi-Bé
2829:honghuzi
2759:Retvizan
2728:cruisers
2628:Shenyang
2555:and the
2535:SS
2512:and the
2440:Retvizan
2397:Arthur.
2093:Pacific
1646:through
1286:Far East
1284:and the
1250:and the
1234:and the
1226:and the
1098:May Coup
807:Sakhalin
787:Liaoyang
737:Tsushima
727:Korsakov
544:Strength
158:becomes
105:Location
13636:Kurilsk
13569:Uratman
13549:Srednii
13544:Smirnov
13539:Sinarka
13524:Rudakov
13519:Rasshua
13514:Raikoke
13404:Chirpoi
13333:Shumshu
13318:Rasshua
13313:Raikoke
13216:Islands
12795:In Asia
12628:Germany
12497:Outline
12480:century
12081:century
11833:century
11516:Related
11500:Tsarist
10932:History
10904:Marines
10541:Kokutai
10446:Symbols
10426:Taishō
10383:Statism
10326:Economy
10236:. 1914.
10181:BYU.edu
10074:(1986)
9852:Longman
9187:excerpt
9185:(2009)
8886:jfdb.jp
8055:WikiArt
8039:11 June
8009:17 June
7979:17 June
7945:17 June
7841:Praeger
7742:18 July
7565:1432992
7334:1432992
7228:: 699.
6019:27 July
5675:. 1903.
5066:(Map).
4681:(2019,
4647:allowed
4599:(1975)
4577:(1969,
4429:Banzai!
4339:in 1905
4290:Fiction
4176:Korietz
3717:de jure
3610:Ulysses
3221:, with
3087:fleet.
2912:scholar
2822:Chongju
2675:Irkutsk
2567:Yashima
2563:Hatsuse
2558:Hatsuse
2552:Yashima
2497:Makarov
2464:Incheon
2446:Pallada
2090:Baltic
2062:Suvorov
1658:, when
1566:in the
1548:Tonghak
1437:Bushidō
1432:Bushidō
1282:Siberia
1261:on the
1122:Pig War
797:Sandepu
757:Nanshan
366:†
345:†
271:†
139:changes
78:Korietz
57:Pallada
13713:People
13655:Events
13559:Tyatya
13419:Ekarma
13399:Chirip
13263:Iturup
13253:Ekarma
13153:Second
13140:Second
12937:Events
12727:Trends
12643:Russia
12623:France
11807:Deluge
11731:Russia
11510:times)
11508:Soviet
11496:Russia
11335:Malaya
11310:Borneo
11246:Taiwan
11241:Nan'yō
11231:Chōsen
11224:naichi
10434:Shōwa
10418:Meiji
10393:Kazoku
10341:System
10233:
10125:online
10115:online
10102:
10076:online
10013:
9944:
9926:
9897:
9858:
9837:
9807:
9793:
9774:
9759:, ed.
9749:
9691:
9664:
9645:
9626:
9607:
9586:
9556:
9533:
9510:
9493:
9485:
9452:
9421:
9415:Leiden
9398:
9353:
9317:
9293:
9274:
9255:
9167:
9111:
9090:
9071:
9037:online
9032:129919
9030:
8997:
8962:
8940:
8466:p. 308
8417:2 June
8379:
8325:
8300:2 June
8214:, and
8167:РУКОНТ
8146:4 June
7888:
7847:
7671:
7644:(2): .
7563:
7514:
7473:
7429:p. 320
7388:
7363:
7340:
7332:
7297:
7289:
7277:: 21.
7248:
7240:
7027:
6993:
6952:
6838:hnn.us
6749:
6709:
6570:
6492:
6271:
5985:
5975:
5950:
5940:
5899:
5889:
5864:
5854:
5824:
5814:
5789:
5779:
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