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vessel ignoring signals to stop was sunk with a single shot and all the surviving sailors beheaded, except for the captain, who was impaled and mounted as a human scarecrow as a warning to further sailors on the strait. These cannons were later used until the second half of the 19th century to greet
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prism, and also has 9 stories. It is 22 m (72 ft) high with a 23.30 m (76.4 ft) diameter, and walls measuring 6.50 m (21.3 ft) thick. The main tower in the south, Zağanos Pasha Tower, has only 8 stories. This cylindrical tower is 21 m (69 ft) high, and has a
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Mehmed refused the offer of peace proffered, and proceeded with his siege plans by commissioning the construction of a large fortress that would be used to control all sea traffic along the
Bosphorus, and would work together with the older Anadoluhisari (Anatolia Fortress) on the strait to prevent
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After the conquest of
Constantinople, the fortress served as a customs checkpoint. Rumelihisarı, designated to control the passage of ships through the strait, eventually lost its strategic importance when a second pair of fortresses was built farther up the Bosphorus, where the strait meets the
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26.70 m (87.6 ft) diameter with 5.70 m (18.7 ft) thick walls. The space within each tower was divided up with wooden floors, each equipped with a furnace. Conical wooden roofs covered with lead originally crowned the towers, although these no longer survive today.
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The main tower in the north, Sarıca Pasha Tower, is cylindrical in form, with a diameter of 23.30 m (76.4 ft), walls that are 7 m (23 ft) thick, and a total of 9 stories reaching a height of 28 m (92 ft). Today, this tower is also known as
229:, with the goal of cutting off maritime military and logistical relief that could potentially come to the Byzantines' aid by way of the Bosphorus Strait, hence the fortress's alternative name, "Boğazkesen", i.e. "Strait-cutter" Castle. Its older sister structure,
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was stationed in the fortress, and large cannons were placed in the Halil Pasha Tower, the main tower on the waterfront. Having completed his fortresses, Mehmed proceeded to levy a toll on ships passing within reach of their cannon. A
355:, where the strait is a mere 660 meters (2,170 ft) wide. This tall, hilltop site on the strait's European banks not only made for easier control of the waterway, but also had the advantage of being situated directly across the
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fleet. Having learned the importance of maritime strategy from this earlier attempt, Sultan Mehmed II (1444–46, 1451–81), son of Murad II, started planning a new offensive immediately following his ascent to the throne in 1451.
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of the fortress are 250 m (820 ft) long from north to south, and vary between 50 and 125 m (164 and 410 ft) long from east to west. The complex's total area is 31,250 m (336,372 sq ft).
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After the
Ottoman conquest of the city, Rumelihisarı served as a customs checkpoint and occasional prison, notably for the embassies of states that were at war with the Empire. After suffering extensive damage in the
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The fortress had three main gates next to the main towers, one side gate and two secret gates for the arsenal and food cellars next to the southern tower. There were wooden houses for the soldiers and a small
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The necessity of a strategic fortress on the
Bosphorus was well known to the Ottomans, who had started in the late 14th century to harbor intentions of capturing the city of
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574:, the inhabitants were relocated and extensive restoration work began on 16 May 1955, which lasted until 29 May 1958. Since 1960 Rumelihisarı has been a museum.
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Today, the fortress is a popular museum open to the public, and further acts as an open-air venue for seasonal concerts, art festivals, and special events.
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underneath the mosque and distributed through three wall-fountains, of which only one remains. Two inscriptive plaques are found attached to the walls.
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Construction began on April 15, 1452. For good luck, ram's blood was mixed with the mortar for the first layer. Some have speculated the layout is a
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added in the mid-16th century has not survived. A new mosque has since been built in the grounds. Water was supplied to the fortress from a large
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413:, who built the south tower; and Sarıca Pasha, who built the north tower. The Sultan himself personally inspected the activities on the site.
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but was repaired soon after. In 1746, a fire destroyed all the wooden parts in two of the main towers. The fortress was repaired by Sultan
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562:(1761–1807). However, a new residential neighborhood was formed inside the fortress after it was abandoned in the 19th century.
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It was later renamed as
Rumelihisarı, which means "Fortress on the Land of the Romans", i.e. Byzantine Europe, or the
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to throttle all naval traffic along the
Bosphorus, thus helping the Ottomans achieve their goal of making the city of
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in the region, hoped to secure a diplomatic solution that would protect the city, while averting the
Byzantines'
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at the hilltop where
Rumelihisari was to be built, which had later been used as a prison by the Byzantines and
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as a new capital for their then-nascent Empire. In a previous
Ottoman attempt to conquer the city, Sultan
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On the reverse of the 1000 lira banknotes of 1978-1986 (6. Emission Group - One
Thousand Turkish Lira -
296:(1449–53), who understood Mehmed's intentions on Constantinople and was wary of the threat posed by the
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On the reverse of the 1000 lira banknote of 1953-1979 (5. Emission Group - One Thousand Turkish Lira -
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On the reverse of the 500 lira banknotes of 1939-1946 (2. Emission Group - Five Hundred Turkish Lira -
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On the reverse of the 100 lira banknote of 1947-1952 (4. Emission Group - One Hundred Turkish Lira -
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The fortress was initially called "Boğazkesen", literally meaning "Strait Cutter", referring to the
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placed on the walls connecting the main towers. One watchtower is in the form of a quadrangular
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457:. The large tower at the waterfront in the middle of the fortress, Halil Pasha Tower, is a
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367:) banks of the Bosphorus; an older Ottoman fortress built between 1393 and 1394 by Sultan
284:(1421–44, 1446–51) had encountered difficulties due to a blockade of the Bosphorus by the
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The site for the new fortress was quickly decided to be the narrowmost point of the
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Black Sea. In the 17th century, it was used as a prison, primarily for foreign
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In response to the coronation of the ambitious young Sultan, Byzantine Emperor
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Rumelihisarı is open to public every day except Mondays from 9:00 to 16:30.
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1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West
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The fortress was depicted on various Turkish banknotes during 1939–1986.
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810:"Bosphorus (i.e. Bosporus), View from Kuleli, Constantinople, Turkey"
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banknote of 1942-1947 (2. Emission Group - One Turkish Lira -
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The fortress was depicted in the following Turkish banknotes:
486:, endowed by the Sultan at the time of construction. Only the
401:. Each one of the three main towers was named after the royal
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Conceived and built between 1451 and 1452 CE on the orders of
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241:(later renamed Istanbul) their new imperial capital in 1453.
505:. The name carries a secondary and more macabre meaning; as
199:, Turkey, on a series of hills on the European banks of the
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has one small tower, three main towers, and thirteen small
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Museum of the History of Science and Technology in Islam
1017:. Banknote Museum. – Links retrieved on 20 April 2009.
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shaft remains of the original mosque, while the small
2571:
2267:Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar Literature Museum Library
871:"BBC Four - Byzantium: A Tale of Three Cities"
409:, who built the large tower next to the gate;
2539:Museum of Illumination and Heating Appliances
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405:who supervised its respective construction;
2585:Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region
2580:Buildings and structures completed in 1452
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554:. Rumelihisarı was partly destroyed by an
203:. The fortress also lends its name to the
343:General view from Rumelihisarı, with the
664:Rumelihisarı Zaganos Paşa tower interior
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308:any possible maritime aid from reaching
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2165:İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum
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1319:Istanbul International Community School
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1008:Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
2483:Natural History Museum of İhsan Ketin
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1327:Lycée Français Pierre Loti d'Istanbul
1311:British International School Istanbul
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804:
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652:Rumelihisarı Small Zaganos Paşa tower
2504:Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital Museum
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570:In 1953, on the orders of President
523:
397:) of the initials of Mehmed and the
71:
688:Rumelihisarı minaret above cistern.
13:
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546:the sultan when he passed by sea.
14:
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2205:Museum of Turkish Calligraphy Art
1061:
1057:. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
565:
469:Curtain walls of the Rumelihisarı
371:. Historically, there had been a
188:-cutter fortress') is a medieval
2231:Adam Mickiewicz Museum, Istanbul
2155:Istanbul Contemporary Art Museum
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1073:Over 80 pictures of the fortress
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2190:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
2086:Archaeology and history museums
640:Rumelihisarı Saruca Paşa tower.
628:Rumelihisarı view with Bosporus
532:Halil Pasha Tower, Rumelihisarı
416:
260:
2549:Museum of the Princes' Islands
2421:Science and technology museums
887:
863:
840:. Hachette Books. p. 57.
829:
513:but also "throat" in Turkish.
359:("Anatolian Fortress") on the
269:Rumelihisarı as seen from the
1:
2458:SantralIstanbul Energy Museum
2277:Orhan Kemal Literature Museum
2272:Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar Museum
2246:Florya Atatürk Marine Mansion
1351:Istanbul Technical University
616:Rumelihisarı Halil Paşa tower
407:Sadrazam Çandarlı Halil Pasha
2595:Castles in Istanbul Province
2098:Museum of the Ancient Orient
2093:Istanbul Archaeology Museums
1338:Tarabya and Yeniköy campuses
16:Fortress in Istanbul, Turkey
7:
2390:Galata Mevlevi House Museum
2287:Sait Faik Abasıyanık Museum
693:
676:Rumelihisarı's Fatih Mosque
316:in 1453, particularly from
10:
2641:
2448:Kandilli Earthquake Museum
2443:Kandilli Earthquake Museum
2103:Great Palace Mosaic Museum
1054:The evolution of sea-power
1051:Silburn, P. A. B. (1912).
1035:W. W. Norton & Company
705:Conquest of Constantinople
590:
579:Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
345:Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
255:
162:Conquest of Constantinople
47:Rumelihisarı as seen from
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860:Silburn, P. A. B. (1912).
453:after Sultan Mehmed II's
314:Ottoman siege of the city
298:growing Ottoman influence
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139:
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89:
58:
40:
26:
21:
2615:Music venues in Istanbul
2251:İsmet İnönü House Museum
2215:Madame Tussauds Istanbul
2210:Museum of World Costumes
247:Great Earthquake of 1509
207:around it in the city's
2559:Women's Museum İstanbul
2499:The Museum of Innocence
2473:Istanbul Zoology Museum
2407:Jewish Museum of Turkey
2138:Culture and art museums
1709:İbrahim Pasha Casemates
1346:Ayazağa - Maslak Campus
1335:Tarabya British Schools
836:Crowley, Roger (2006).
178:Roumeli Hissar Fortress
111:41.084722°N 29.056111°E
2620:Ottoman fortifications
2554:TGC Press Media Museum
2224:Historic house museums
739:Rumelifeneri, Istanbul
533:
470:
426:
386:had been built there.
348:
273:
205:immediate neighborhood
2534:MSA Gastronomy Museum
2322:Palaces and pavilions
1529:Afyonkarahisar Castle
815:World Digital Library
772:Anadolufeneri, Beykoz
755:Anadoluhisarı, Beykoz
722:Rumelihisarı, Sarıyer
604:Rumelihisarı entrance
531:
468:
424:
342:
268:
2412:Pammakaristos Church
2329:Aynalıkavak Pavilion
2195:Sadberk Hanım Museum
2185:Sakıp Sabancı Museum
1719:Kahramanmaraş Castle
1380:Türk Telekom Stadium
1192:Kazım Karabekir Paşa
793:Notes and references
710:Ottoman architecture
116:41.084722; 29.056111
2610:Museums in Istanbul
2605:Landmarks in Turkey
2544:Ottoman Bank Museum
2524:Istanbul UFO Museum
2519:İstanbul Toy Museum
2453:Rahmi M. Koç Museum
1644:Diyarbakır Fortress
1385:Diamond of Istanbul
1171:Fatih Sultan Mehmet
1031:Blue Guide Istanbul
536:A battalion of 400
320:colonies along the
182:Boğazkesen Fortress
107: /
2514:Galatasaray Museum
2478:ITU Science Center
2433:Hasanpaşa Gasworks
1804:Kuzucubelen Castle
1729:Karacahisar Castle
1674:Güvercinada Castle
1589:Belenkeşlik Castle
1401:Atatürk Oto Sanayi
1343:Beykent University
1314:Zekeriyakoy Campus
1000:2009-05-10 at the
989:2009-05-10 at the
978:2009-05-10 at the
964:2009-05-10 at the
950:2009-05-10 at the
936:2009-05-10 at the
925:2009-05-10 at the
911:2009-04-16 at the
556:earthquake in 1509
534:
471:
427:
349:
274:
2567:
2566:
2509:Fenerbahçe Museum
2378:Religious museums
2339:Dolmabahçe Palace
2334:Beylerbeyi Palace
2282:Piyer Loti Museum
2129:Yedikule Fortress
2041:
2040:
1994:Yedikule Fortress
1599:Bodrumkale Castle
1509:Castles in Turkey
1468:
1467:
1447:Turkey portal
1421:Sanayi Mahallesi
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1315:
789:
788:
700:Yedikule Fortress
524:Usage in the past
429:The Rumelihisarı
347:in the background
312:during the final
302:long-term decline
174:Rumelian Fortress
167:
166:
2632:
2398:
2349:Küçüksu Pavilion
2344:Ihlamur Pavilion
2296:Military museums
2260:Literary museums
2175:Rezan Has Museum
2145:Ara Güler Museum
2068:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2036:
1924:Şanlıurfa Castle
1874:Roche de Roissel
1839:Meydancık Castle
1749:Kastamonu Castle
1659:Gaziantep Castle
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2354:Maslak Pavilion
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2308:Military Museum
2303:Aviation Museum
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2255:
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2180:SantralIstanbul
2160:İstanbul Modern
2150:Doğançay Museum
2133:
2107:
2081:
2072:
2042:
2037:
2028:
2019:Zerzevan Castle
2004:Yeniyurt Castle
1949:Tekkadın Castle
1879:Roche-Guillaume
1829:Marmaris Castle
1819:Mancınık Castle
1624:Çandarlı Castle
1614:Bozcaada Castle
1579:Babakale Castle
1564:Anavarza Castle
1549:Amasra Fortress
1534:Akçakoca Castle
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1133:Bahçeköy Merkez
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1002:Wayback Machine
991:Wayback Machine
980:Wayback Machine
966:Wayback Machine
952:Wayback Machine
938:Wayback Machine
927:Wayback Machine
913:Wayback Machine
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172:(also known as
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2468:Railway Museum
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2364:Topkapı Palace
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1969:Trabzon Castle
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1914:Sinop Fortress
1911:
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1754:Kayseri Castle
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1734:Karaman Castle
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1699:Hisarın Castle
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1689:Hebilli Castle
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1649:Eğirdir Castle
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1619:Cemilli Castle
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1609:Boyabat Castle
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1574:Ardahan Castle
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1062:External links
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395:Abjad numerals
382:. Later on, a
310:Constantinople
294:Constantine XI
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2529:İşbank Museum
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2492:Miscellaneous
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2428:Camera Museum
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2369:Yıldız Palace
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2236:Aşiyan Museum
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Yelbiz Castle
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
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1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Tokmar Castle
1957:
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1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Şeytan Castle
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1930:
1929:Şavşat Castle
1927:
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1894:Samsun Castle
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1854:Pertek Castle
1852:
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1849:Namrun Castle
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1837:
1835:
1834:Meydan Castle
1832:
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1827:
1825:
1824:Mardin Castle
1822:
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1814:Mamure Castle
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1784:Kızlar Kalesi
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1694:Hemite Castle
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1684:Harran Castle
1682:
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1679:Harput Castle
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1629:Çandır Castle
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1584:Bagras Castle
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1569:Ankara Castle
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1559:Anadoluhisarı
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1554:Amasya Castle
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1539:Alanya Castle
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767:Anadolukavağı
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744:Rumeli Feneri
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475:curtain walls
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431:fortification
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414:
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411:Zağanos Pasha
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396:
393:combination (
392:
387:
385:
381:
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376:fortification
374:
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357:Anadoluhisarı
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231:Anadoluhisari
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148:Built by
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66:
57:
53:
50:
44:
39:
35:
31:
25:
20:
2402:Hagia Sophia
2385:Chora Church
2313:Naval Museum
2200:Elgiz Museum
2124:Rumelihisarı
2123:
2014:Yoros Castle
1954:Tokat Castle
1919:Softa Castle
1909:Sinap Castle
1884:Rumelihisari
1799:Kozan Castle
1704:Hoşap Castle
1669:Gözne Castle
1664:Gömeç Kulesi
1639:Dağlı Castle
1634:Çeşme Castle
1544:Alara Castle
1457:
1438:
1375:Rumelihisarı
1374:
1322:Hisar Campus
1243:Rumelikavağı
1238:Rumelihisarı
1233:Rumelifeneri
1053:
1030:
1027:Freely, John
889:
878:. Retrieved
874:
865:
856:
837:
831:
820:. Retrieved
813:
783:
734:Rumelikavağı
727:Rumelihisarı
726:
586:
583:
576:
569:
548:
535:
515:
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506:
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472:
450:
446:
443:
428:
417:Architecture
388:
350:
306:
291:
275:
261:Construction
251:
243:
213:
184:(literally '
181:
177:
173:
170:Rumelihisarı
169:
168:
158:Battles/wars
135:Site history
78:Rumelihisarı
22:Rumelihisarı
2393: [
2359:Tiled Kiosk
2170:Pera Museum
1984:Yaka Castle
1944:Tece Castle
1939:Şile Castle
1899:Sarvandikar
1869:Rize Castle
1864:Riva Castle
1769:Kızıl Tower
1744:Kars Castle
1739:Kara Castle
1654:Foça Castle
1416:İTÜ—Ayazağa
1406:Darüşşafaka
1370:Perili Köşk
1269:Zekeriyaköy
1159:Darüşşafaka
1141:Baltalimanı
995:III. Series
818:. 1890–1900
572:Celal Bayar
538:Janissaries
459:dodecagonal
435:watchtowers
391:cabbalistic
195:located in
114: /
90:Coordinates
2574:Categories
1989:Van Castle
1964:Toprakkale
1844:Mut Castle
1794:Koz Castle
1789:Kol Kalesi
1774:Kiz Kulesi
1714:Kadifekale
1426:Seyrantepe
1256:Uskumruköy
1226:PTT Evleri
1202:Kireçburnu
1175:Ferahevler
1162:Demirciköy
1156:Cumhuriyet
984:II. Series
931:II. Series
880:2020-07-10
847:1401308503
822:2013-10-20
473:The outer
324:, such as
211:district.
102:29°03′22″E
99:41°05′05″N
2590:Bosphorus
2009:Yılankale
1979:Turbessel
1974:Trapessac
1779:Kızkalesi
1411:Hacıosman
1363:Landmarks
1304:Education
1295:Kefeliköy
1290:Hacıosman
1285:Boyacıköy
1229:Reşitpaşa
1206:Kısırkaya
1181:Gümüşdere
1153:Çayırbaşı
1150:Çamlıtepe
1146:Büyükdere
973:I. Series
959:I. Series
945:I. Series
920:I. Series
906:I. Series
900:of the 1
560:Selim III
384:monastery
369:Bayezid I
361:Anatolian
353:Bosphorus
322:Black Sea
286:Byzantine
271:Bosphorus
223:Byzantine
219:Mehmed II
201:Bosphorus
152:Mehmed II
49:Bosphorus
2079:Istanbul
1859:Ravendel
1724:Kalepark
1459:Category
1278:Quarters
1198:(Kumköy)
1113:Istanbul
1029:(2000).
1011:Archived
998:Archived
987:Archived
976:Archived
962:Archived
948:Archived
934:Archived
923:Archived
909:Archived
694:See also
543:Venetian
455:cognomen
399:Muhammad
282:Murad II
225:city of
197:Istanbul
193:fortress
130:Fortress
30:Istanbul
2625:Sarıyer
2112:Castles
2075:Museums
2024:Zilkale
1889:Rumkale
1264:Yeniköy
1251:Tarabya
1247:Sarıyer
1223:Poligon
1209:Kocataş
1188:İstinye
1178:Garipçe
1166:Emirgan
1126:Ayazağa
1109:Sarıyer
1068:Archnet
1015:WebCite
898:reverse
896:On the
591:Gallery
496:cistern
488:minaret
380:Genoese
318:Genoese
256:History
209:Sarıyer
190:Ottoman
1809:Loulon
1759:Kaysun
1216:Maslak
1196:Kilyos
1041:
993:&
929:&
844:
784:
511:strait
492:masjid
484:mosque
403:vizier
363:(i.e.
334:Amasra
216:Sultan
186:strait
52:strait
34:Turkey
2397:]
1220:Pınar
1212:Maden
1184:Huzur
507:boğaz
451:Tower
447:Fatih
439:prism
373:Roman
365:Asian
330:Sinop
326:Caffa
180:) or
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